{"index": 142, "query": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the violinist performs the fourth solo, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n B. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n C. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the guitarist does.\n D. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n E. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the violinist performs the fourth solo, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n B. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n C. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the guitarist does.\n D. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n E. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the violinist performs the fourth solo, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n B. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n C. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the guitarist does.\n D. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n E. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the violinist performs the fourth solo, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n B. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n C. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the guitarist does.\n D. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the violinist does.\n E. The trumpeter performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 21, "query": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 7, then which one of the following pairs of days CANNOT feature both the same breed of kitten and the same breed of puppy?\n A. day 1 and day 3\n B. day 2 and day 6\n C. day 3 and day 5\n D. day 4 and day 6\n E. day 5 and day 7\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 7, then which one of the following pairs of days CANNOT feature both the same breed of kitten and the same breed of puppy?\n A. day 1 and day 3\n B. day 2 and day 6\n C. day 3 and day 5\n D. day 4 and day 6\n E. day 5 and day 7\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 7, then which one of the following pairs of days CANNOT feature both the same breed of kitten and the same breed of puppy?\n A. day 1 and day 3\n B. day 2 and day 6\n C. day 3 and day 5\n D. day 4 and day 6\n E. day 5 and day 7\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 7, then which one of the following pairs of days CANNOT feature both the same breed of kitten and the same breed of puppy?\n A. day 1 and day 3\n B. day 2 and day 6\n C. day 3 and day 5\n D. day 4 and day 6\n E. day 5 and day 7\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:21"}
{"index": 165, "query": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited earlier than Rovero and if Rovero was recruited earlier than Tao, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited first.\n B. Rovero was recruited third.\n C. Stanton was recruited second.\n D. Tao was recruited sixth.\n E. Villas was recruited sixth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited earlier than Rovero and if Rovero was recruited earlier than Tao, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited first.\n B. Rovero was recruited third.\n C. Stanton was recruited second.\n D. Tao was recruited sixth.\n E. Villas was recruited sixth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited earlier than Rovero and if Rovero was recruited earlier than Tao, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited first.\n B. Rovero was recruited third.\n C. Stanton was recruited second.\n D. Tao was recruited sixth.\n E. Villas was recruited sixth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited earlier than Rovero and if Rovero was recruited earlier than Tao, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited first.\n B. Rovero was recruited third.\n C. Stanton was recruited second.\n D. Tao was recruited sixth.\n E. Villas was recruited sixth.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:165"}
{"index": 214, "query": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If U is mentioned in chapter 3, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 1.\n B. R is mentioned in chapter 5.\n C. S is mentioned in chapter 7.\n D. W is mentioned in chapter 6.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 4.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If U is mentioned in chapter 3, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 1.\n B. R is mentioned in chapter 5.\n C. S is mentioned in chapter 7.\n D. W is mentioned in chapter 6.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 4.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If U is mentioned in chapter 3, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 1.\n B. R is mentioned in chapter 5.\n C. S is mentioned in chapter 7.\n D. W is mentioned in chapter 6.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 4.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If U is mentioned in chapter 3, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 1.\n B. R is mentioned in chapter 5.\n C. S is mentioned in chapter 7.\n D. W is mentioned in chapter 6.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 4.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:214"}
{"index": 122, "query": "A corporate manager is selecting employees for a research team. The team will include at least four employees, all from among the following eight: Myers, Ortega, Paine, Schmidt, Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre. The selection is constrained by the following conditions: If Myers is on the team, neither Ortega nor Paine can be. If Schmidt is on the team, both Paine and Thomson must also be. If Wong is on the team, both Myers and Yoder must also be.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible selection of employees for the team?\n A. Myers, Paine, Schmidt, and Thomson\n B. Ortega, Paine, Thomson, and Zayre\n C. Paine, Schmidt, Yoder, and Zayre\n D. Schmidt, Thomson, Yoder, and Zayre\n E. Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A corporate manager is selecting employees for a research team. The team will include at least four employees, all from among the following eight: Myers, Ortega, Paine, Schmidt, Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre. The selection is constrained by the following conditions: If Myers is on the team, neither Ortega nor Paine can be. If Schmidt is on the team, both Paine and Thomson must also be. If Wong is on the team, both Myers and Yoder must also be.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible selection of employees for the team?\n A. Myers, Paine, Schmidt, and Thomson\n B. Ortega, Paine, Thomson, and Zayre\n C. Paine, Schmidt, Yoder, and Zayre\n D. Schmidt, Thomson, Yoder, and Zayre\n E. Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A corporate manager is selecting employees for a research team. The team will include at least four employees, all from among the following eight: Myers, Ortega, Paine, Schmidt, Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre. The selection is constrained by the following conditions: If Myers is on the team, neither Ortega nor Paine can be. If Schmidt is on the team, both Paine and Thomson must also be. If Wong is on the team, both Myers and Yoder must also be.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible selection of employees for the team?\n A. Myers, Paine, Schmidt, and Thomson\n B. Ortega, Paine, Thomson, and Zayre\n C. Paine, Schmidt, Yoder, and Zayre\n D. Schmidt, Thomson, Yoder, and Zayre\n E. Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A corporate manager is selecting employees for a research team. The team will include at least four employees, all from among the following eight: Myers, Ortega, Paine, Schmidt, Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre. The selection is constrained by the following conditions: If Myers is on the team, neither Ortega nor Paine can be. If Schmidt is on the team, both Paine and Thomson must also be. If Wong is on the team, both Myers and Yoder must also be.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible selection of employees for the team?\n A. Myers, Paine, Schmidt, and Thomson\n B. Ortega, Paine, Thomson, and Zayre\n C. Paine, Schmidt, Yoder, and Zayre\n D. Schmidt, Thomson, Yoder, and Zayre\n E. Thomson, Wong, Yoder, and Zayre\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:122"}
{"index": 44, "query": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: If exactly three of the students review Undulation, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Megregian does not review Undulation.\n B. O'Neill does not review Undulation.\n C. Jiang reviews Undulation.\n D. Lopez reviews Tamerlane.\n E. O'Neill reviews Sunset.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: If exactly three of the students review Undulation, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Megregian does not review Undulation.\n B. O'Neill does not review Undulation.\n C. Jiang reviews Undulation.\n D. Lopez reviews Tamerlane.\n E. O'Neill reviews Sunset.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: If exactly three of the students review Undulation, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Megregian does not review Undulation.\n B. O'Neill does not review Undulation.\n C. Jiang reviews Undulation.\n D. Lopez reviews Tamerlane.\n E. O'Neill reviews Sunset.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: If exactly three of the students review Undulation, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Megregian does not review Undulation.\n B. O'Neill does not review Undulation.\n C. Jiang reviews Undulation.\n D. Lopez reviews Tamerlane.\n E. O'Neill reviews Sunset.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 135, "query": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: If the lecture on terns is given in Howard Auditorium, which one of the following could be true of the third lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Howard Auditorium.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: If the lecture on terns is given in Howard Auditorium, which one of the following could be true of the third lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Howard Auditorium.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: If the lecture on terns is given in Howard Auditorium, which one of the following could be true of the third lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Howard Auditorium.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: If the lecture on terns is given in Howard Auditorium, which one of the following could be true of the third lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Howard Auditorium.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:135"}
{"index": 0, "query": "Of the eight students\u2014George, Helen, Irving, Kyle, Lenore, Nina, Olivia, and Robert\u2014in a seminar, exactly six will give individual oral reports during three consecutive days\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Exactly two reports will be given each day\u2014one in the morning and one in the afternoon\u2014according to the following conditions: Tuesday is the only day on which George can give a report. Neither Olivia nor Robert can give an afternoon report. If Nina gives a report, then on the next day Helen and Irving must both give reports, unless Nina's report is given on Wednesday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the schedule of the students' reports?\n A. Mon. morning: Helen; Mon. afternoon: Robert Tues. morning: Olivia; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Lenore; Wed. afternoon: Kyle\n B. Mon. morning: Irving; Mon. afternoon: Olivia Tues. morning: Helen; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Nina; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n C. Mon. morning: Lenore; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: George; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Robert; Wed. afternoon: Irving\n D. Mon. morning: Nina; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: Robert; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Olivia; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n E. Mon. morning: Olivia; Mon. afternoon: Nina Tues. morning: Irving; Tues. afternoon: Helen Wed. morning: Kyle; Wed. afternoon: George\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Of the eight students\u2014George, Helen, Irving, Kyle, Lenore, Nina, Olivia, and Robert\u2014in a seminar, exactly six will give individual oral reports during three consecutive days\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Exactly two reports will be given each day\u2014one in the morning and one in the afternoon\u2014according to the following conditions: Tuesday is the only day on which George can give a report. Neither Olivia nor Robert can give an afternoon report. If Nina gives a report, then on the next day Helen and Irving must both give reports, unless Nina's report is given on Wednesday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the schedule of the students' reports?\n A. Mon. morning: Helen; Mon. afternoon: Robert Tues. morning: Olivia; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Lenore; Wed. afternoon: Kyle\n B. Mon. morning: Irving; Mon. afternoon: Olivia Tues. morning: Helen; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Nina; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n C. Mon. morning: Lenore; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: George; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Robert; Wed. afternoon: Irving\n D. Mon. morning: Nina; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: Robert; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Olivia; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n E. Mon. morning: Olivia; Mon. afternoon: Nina Tues. morning: Irving; Tues. afternoon: Helen Wed. morning: Kyle; Wed. afternoon: George\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Of the eight students\u2014George, Helen, Irving, Kyle, Lenore, Nina, Olivia, and Robert\u2014in a seminar, exactly six will give individual oral reports during three consecutive days\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Exactly two reports will be given each day\u2014one in the morning and one in the afternoon\u2014according to the following conditions: Tuesday is the only day on which George can give a report. Neither Olivia nor Robert can give an afternoon report. If Nina gives a report, then on the next day Helen and Irving must both give reports, unless Nina's report is given on Wednesday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the schedule of the students' reports?\n A. Mon. morning: Helen; Mon. afternoon: Robert Tues. morning: Olivia; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Lenore; Wed. afternoon: Kyle\n B. Mon. morning: Irving; Mon. afternoon: Olivia Tues. morning: Helen; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Nina; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n C. Mon. morning: Lenore; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: George; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Robert; Wed. afternoon: Irving\n D. Mon. morning: Nina; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: Robert; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Olivia; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n E. Mon. morning: Olivia; Mon. afternoon: Nina Tues. morning: Irving; Tues. afternoon: Helen Wed. morning: Kyle; Wed. afternoon: George\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Of the eight students\u2014George, Helen, Irving, Kyle, Lenore, Nina, Olivia, and Robert\u2014in a seminar, exactly six will give individual oral reports during three consecutive days\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Exactly two reports will be given each day\u2014one in the morning and one in the afternoon\u2014according to the following conditions: Tuesday is the only day on which George can give a report. Neither Olivia nor Robert can give an afternoon report. If Nina gives a report, then on the next day Helen and Irving must both give reports, unless Nina's report is given on Wednesday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the schedule of the students' reports?\n A. Mon. morning: Helen; Mon. afternoon: Robert Tues. morning: Olivia; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Lenore; Wed. afternoon: Kyle\n B. Mon. morning: Irving; Mon. afternoon: Olivia Tues. morning: Helen; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Nina; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n C. Mon. morning: Lenore; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: George; Tues. afternoon: Kyle Wed. morning: Robert; Wed. afternoon: Irving\n D. Mon. morning: Nina; Mon. afternoon: Helen Tues. morning: Robert; Tues. afternoon: Irving Wed. morning: Olivia; Wed. afternoon: Lenore\n E. Mon. morning: Olivia; Mon. afternoon: Nina Tues. morning: Irving; Tues. afternoon: Helen Wed. morning: Kyle; Wed. afternoon: George\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 95, "query": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. K is shown at some time after J is shown.\n B. L is shown at some time after J is shown.\n C. P is shown at some time after J is shown.\n D. Both N and O are shown at some time after M is\n E. Both N and P are shown at some time after K is\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. K is shown at some time after J is shown.\n B. L is shown at some time after J is shown.\n C. P is shown at some time after J is shown.\n D. Both N and O are shown at some time after M is\n E. Both N and P are shown at some time after K is\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. K is shown at some time after J is shown.\n B. L is shown at some time after J is shown.\n C. P is shown at some time after J is shown.\n D. Both N and O are shown at some time after M is\n E. Both N and P are shown at some time after K is\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. K is shown at some time after J is shown.\n B. L is shown at some time after J is shown.\n C. P is shown at some time after J is shown.\n D. Both N and O are shown at some time after M is\n E. Both N and P are shown at some time after K is\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:95"}
{"index": 96, "query": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: If P is shown in the afternoon, which one of the following must be true?\n A. J is shown seventh.\n B. K is shown third.\n C. N is shown first.\n D. M is shown in the afternoon.\n E. O is shown in the morning.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: If P is shown in the afternoon, which one of the following must be true?\n A. J is shown seventh.\n B. K is shown third.\n C. N is shown first.\n D. M is shown in the afternoon.\n E. O is shown in the morning.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: If P is shown in the afternoon, which one of the following must be true?\n A. J is shown seventh.\n B. K is shown third.\n C. N is shown first.\n D. M is shown in the afternoon.\n E. O is shown in the morning.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: If P is shown in the afternoon, which one of the following must be true?\n A. J is shown seventh.\n B. K is shown third.\n C. N is shown first.\n D. M is shown in the afternoon.\n E. O is shown in the morning.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 145, "query": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If the watercolors lecture is third, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Farley gives the watercolors lecture.\n B. Garcia gives the oil paintings lecture.\n C. Garcia gives the sculptures lecture.\n D. Holden gives the sculptures lecture.\n E. Jiang gives the lithographs lecture.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If the watercolors lecture is third, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Farley gives the watercolors lecture.\n B. Garcia gives the oil paintings lecture.\n C. Garcia gives the sculptures lecture.\n D. Holden gives the sculptures lecture.\n E. Jiang gives the lithographs lecture.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If the watercolors lecture is third, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Farley gives the watercolors lecture.\n B. Garcia gives the oil paintings lecture.\n C. Garcia gives the sculptures lecture.\n D. Holden gives the sculptures lecture.\n E. Jiang gives the lithographs lecture.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If the watercolors lecture is third, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Farley gives the watercolors lecture.\n B. Garcia gives the oil paintings lecture.\n C. Garcia gives the sculptures lecture.\n D. Holden gives the sculptures lecture.\n E. Jiang gives the lithographs lecture.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:145"}
{"index": 59, "query": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible assignment of riders to bicycles, with the riders for each bicycle listed in the order in which they test the bicycle?\n A. F: Seamus, Reynaldo; G: Yuki, Seamus; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n B. F: Seamus, Yuki; G: Reynaldo, Theresa; H: Yuki, Seamus; J: Theresa, Reynaldo\n C. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Seamus, Reynaldo; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n D. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Theresa, Reynaldo; H: Reynaldo, Theresa; J: Seamus, Yuki\n E. F: Yuki, Theresa; G: Seamus, Yuki; H: Theresa, Reynaldo; J: Reynaldo, Seamus\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible assignment of riders to bicycles, with the riders for each bicycle listed in the order in which they test the bicycle?\n A. F: Seamus, Reynaldo; G: Yuki, Seamus; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n B. F: Seamus, Yuki; G: Reynaldo, Theresa; H: Yuki, Seamus; J: Theresa, Reynaldo\n C. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Seamus, Reynaldo; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n D. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Theresa, Reynaldo; H: Reynaldo, Theresa; J: Seamus, Yuki\n E. F: Yuki, Theresa; G: Seamus, Yuki; H: Theresa, Reynaldo; J: Reynaldo, Seamus\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible assignment of riders to bicycles, with the riders for each bicycle listed in the order in which they test the bicycle?\n A. F: Seamus, Reynaldo; G: Yuki, Seamus; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n B. F: Seamus, Yuki; G: Reynaldo, Theresa; H: Yuki, Seamus; J: Theresa, Reynaldo\n C. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Seamus, Reynaldo; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n D. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Theresa, Reynaldo; H: Reynaldo, Theresa; J: Seamus, Yuki\n E. F: Yuki, Theresa; G: Seamus, Yuki; H: Theresa, Reynaldo; J: Reynaldo, Seamus\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is a possible assignment of riders to bicycles, with the riders for each bicycle listed in the order in which they test the bicycle?\n A. F: Seamus, Reynaldo; G: Yuki, Seamus; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n B. F: Seamus, Yuki; G: Reynaldo, Theresa; H: Yuki, Seamus; J: Theresa, Reynaldo\n C. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Seamus, Reynaldo; H: Theresa, Yuki; J: Reynaldo, Theresa\n D. F: Yuki, Seamus; G: Theresa, Reynaldo; H: Reynaldo, Theresa; J: Seamus, Yuki\n E. F: Yuki, Theresa; G: Seamus, Yuki; H: Theresa, Reynaldo; J: Reynaldo, Seamus\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:59"}
{"index": 16, "query": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If P is performed third and S is performed sixth, the composition performed fifth must be either\n A. F or H\n B. F or O\n C. F or T\n D. H or L\n E. O or R\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If P is performed third and S is performed sixth, the composition performed fifth must be either\n A. F or H\n B. F or O\n C. F or T\n D. H or L\n E. O or R\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If P is performed third and S is performed sixth, the composition performed fifth must be either\n A. F or H\n B. F or O\n C. F or T\n D. H or L\n E. O or R\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If P is performed third and S is performed sixth, the composition performed fifth must be either\n A. F or H\n B. F or O\n C. F or T\n D. H or L\n E. O or R\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:16"}
{"index": 97, "query": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable schedule of witnesses?\n A. Monday: Franco Tuesday: Hong and Iturbe Wednesday: Garcia and Jackson\n B. Monday: Franco and Hong Tuesday: Iturbe and Jackson Wednesday: Garcia\n C. Monday: Garcia Tuesday: Franco and Iturbe Wednesday: Hong and Jackson\n D. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Franco and Hong Wednesday: Iturbe\n E. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Hong Wednesday: Franco and Iturbe\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable schedule of witnesses?\n A. Monday: Franco Tuesday: Hong and Iturbe Wednesday: Garcia and Jackson\n B. Monday: Franco and Hong Tuesday: Iturbe and Jackson Wednesday: Garcia\n C. Monday: Garcia Tuesday: Franco and Iturbe Wednesday: Hong and Jackson\n D. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Franco and Hong Wednesday: Iturbe\n E. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Hong Wednesday: Franco and Iturbe\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable schedule of witnesses?\n A. Monday: Franco Tuesday: Hong and Iturbe Wednesday: Garcia and Jackson\n B. Monday: Franco and Hong Tuesday: Iturbe and Jackson Wednesday: Garcia\n C. Monday: Garcia Tuesday: Franco and Iturbe Wednesday: Hong and Jackson\n D. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Franco and Hong Wednesday: Iturbe\n E. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Hong Wednesday: Franco and Iturbe\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable schedule of witnesses?\n A. Monday: Franco Tuesday: Hong and Iturbe Wednesday: Garcia and Jackson\n B. Monday: Franco and Hong Tuesday: Iturbe and Jackson Wednesday: Garcia\n C. Monday: Garcia Tuesday: Franco and Iturbe Wednesday: Hong and Jackson\n D. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Franco and Hong Wednesday: Iturbe\n E. Monday: Garcia and Jackson Tuesday: Hong Wednesday: Franco and Iturbe\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:97"}
{"index": 102, "query": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If none of the clients has a voicemail target of 3 days, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. Image's website target is 1 day.\n B. Solide's website target is 2 days.\n C. Solide's voicemail target is 2 days.\n D. Truvest's website target is 2 days.\n E. Truvest's voicemail target is 2 days.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If none of the clients has a voicemail target of 3 days, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. Image's website target is 1 day.\n B. Solide's website target is 2 days.\n C. Solide's voicemail target is 2 days.\n D. Truvest's website target is 2 days.\n E. Truvest's voicemail target is 2 days.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If none of the clients has a voicemail target of 3 days, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. Image's website target is 1 day.\n B. Solide's website target is 2 days.\n C. Solide's voicemail target is 2 days.\n D. Truvest's website target is 2 days.\n E. Truvest's voicemail target is 2 days.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If none of the clients has a voicemail target of 3 days, then each of the following must be true EXCEPT:\n A. Image's website target is 1 day.\n B. Solide's website target is 2 days.\n C. Solide's voicemail target is 2 days.\n D. Truvest's website target is 2 days.\n E. Truvest's voicemail target is 2 days.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:102"}
{"index": 25, "query": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If M is the only chemist selected for the panel, which one of the following must be true?\n A. F and G are both selected.\n B. G and H are both selected.\n C. H and P are both selected.\n D. F, G, and H are all selected.\n E. P, Q, and R are all selected.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If M is the only chemist selected for the panel, which one of the following must be true?\n A. F and G are both selected.\n B. G and H are both selected.\n C. H and P are both selected.\n D. F, G, and H are all selected.\n E. P, Q, and R are all selected.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If M is the only chemist selected for the panel, which one of the following must be true?\n A. F and G are both selected.\n B. G and H are both selected.\n C. H and P are both selected.\n D. F, G, and H are all selected.\n E. P, Q, and R are all selected.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If M is the only chemist selected for the panel, which one of the following must be true?\n A. F and G are both selected.\n B. G and H are both selected.\n C. H and P are both selected.\n D. F, G, and H are all selected.\n E. P, Q, and R are all selected.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 11, "query": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists the compositions in an order in which they could be performed during the concert, from first through eighth?\n A. L, P, S, R, O, T, F, H\n B. O, T, P, F, S, H, R, L\n C. P, T, F, S, L, R, O, H\n D. P, T, F, S, O, R, L, H\n E. T, F, P, R, O, L, S, H\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists the compositions in an order in which they could be performed during the concert, from first through eighth?\n A. L, P, S, R, O, T, F, H\n B. O, T, P, F, S, H, R, L\n C. P, T, F, S, L, R, O, H\n D. P, T, F, S, O, R, L, H\n E. T, F, P, R, O, L, S, H\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists the compositions in an order in which they could be performed during the concert, from first through eighth?\n A. L, P, S, R, O, T, F, H\n B. O, T, P, F, S, H, R, L\n C. P, T, F, S, L, R, O, H\n D. P, T, F, S, O, R, L, H\n E. T, F, P, R, O, L, S, H\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists the compositions in an order in which they could be performed during the concert, from first through eighth?\n A. L, P, S, R, O, T, F, H\n B. O, T, P, F, S, H, R, L\n C. P, T, F, S, L, R, O, H\n D. P, T, F, S, O, R, L, H\n E. T, F, P, R, O, L, S, H\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:11"}
{"index": 30, "query": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be the type of cargo held in bay 4?\n A. grain\n B. livestock\n C. machinery\n D. produce\n E. textiles\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be the type of cargo held in bay 4?\n A. grain\n B. livestock\n C. machinery\n D. produce\n E. textiles\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be the type of cargo held in bay 4?\n A. grain\n B. livestock\n C. machinery\n D. produce\n E. textiles\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be the type of cargo held in bay 4?\n A. grain\n B. livestock\n C. machinery\n D. produce\n E. textiles\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:30"}
{"index": 196, "query": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The table is auctioned on June 2nd and the lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n B. The sundial is auctioned on June 2nd and the vase is auctioned on June 3rd.\n C. The mirror is auctioned on June 3rd and the sundial is auctioned on June 4th.\n D. The vase is auctioned on June 4th and the sundial is auctioned on June 5th.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on June 4th and the table is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The table is auctioned on June 2nd and the lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n B. The sundial is auctioned on June 2nd and the vase is auctioned on June 3rd.\n C. The mirror is auctioned on June 3rd and the sundial is auctioned on June 4th.\n D. The vase is auctioned on June 4th and the sundial is auctioned on June 5th.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on June 4th and the table is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The table is auctioned on June 2nd and the lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n B. The sundial is auctioned on June 2nd and the vase is auctioned on June 3rd.\n C. The mirror is auctioned on June 3rd and the sundial is auctioned on June 4th.\n D. The vase is auctioned on June 4th and the sundial is auctioned on June 5th.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on June 4th and the table is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The table is auctioned on June 2nd and the lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n B. The sundial is auctioned on June 2nd and the vase is auctioned on June 3rd.\n C. The mirror is auctioned on June 3rd and the sundial is auctioned on June 4th.\n D. The vase is auctioned on June 4th and the sundial is auctioned on June 5th.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on June 4th and the table is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:196"}
{"index": 54, "query": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: The pair of candidates who are not assigned to ambassadorships could be\n A. Jaramillo and Novetzke\n B. Jaramillo and Ong\n C. Kayne and Landon\n D. Kayne and Novetzke\n E. Landon and Ong\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: The pair of candidates who are not assigned to ambassadorships could be\n A. Jaramillo and Novetzke\n B. Jaramillo and Ong\n C. Kayne and Landon\n D. Kayne and Novetzke\n E. Landon and Ong\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: The pair of candidates who are not assigned to ambassadorships could be\n A. Jaramillo and Novetzke\n B. Jaramillo and Ong\n C. Kayne and Landon\n D. Kayne and Novetzke\n E. Landon and Ong\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: The pair of candidates who are not assigned to ambassadorships could be\n A. Jaramillo and Novetzke\n B. Jaramillo and Ong\n C. Kayne and Landon\n D. Kayne and Novetzke\n E. Landon and Ong\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:54"}
{"index": 220, "query": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Hidalgo's oil is displayed on wall 2, which one of the following could also be displayed on wall 2?\n A. Franz's oil\n B. Greene's watercolor\n C. Greene's oil\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor\n E. Isaacs's watercolor\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Hidalgo's oil is displayed on wall 2, which one of the following could also be displayed on wall 2?\n A. Franz's oil\n B. Greene's watercolor\n C. Greene's oil\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor\n E. Isaacs's watercolor\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Hidalgo's oil is displayed on wall 2, which one of the following could also be displayed on wall 2?\n A. Franz's oil\n B. Greene's watercolor\n C. Greene's oil\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor\n E. Isaacs's watercolor\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Hidalgo's oil is displayed on wall 2, which one of the following could also be displayed on wall 2?\n A. Franz's oil\n B. Greene's watercolor\n C. Greene's oil\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor\n E. Isaacs's watercolor\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:220"}
{"index": 226, "query": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Flores Tower and the Garza Tower.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Flores Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Ortiz Building.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Flores Tower and the Garza Tower.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Flores Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Ortiz Building.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Flores Tower and the Garza Tower.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Flores Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Ortiz Building.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Flores Tower and the Garza Tower.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Flores Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Ortiz Building.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:226"}
{"index": 105, "query": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If Solide's voicemail target is shorter than Truvest's website target, which one of the following targets could be 2 days?\n A. Image's website target\n B. Image's voicemail target\n C. Solide's website target\n D. Truvest's voicemail target\n E. Truvest's website target\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If Solide's voicemail target is shorter than Truvest's website target, which one of the following targets could be 2 days?\n A. Image's website target\n B. Image's voicemail target\n C. Solide's website target\n D. Truvest's voicemail target\n E. Truvest's website target\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If Solide's voicemail target is shorter than Truvest's website target, which one of the following targets could be 2 days?\n A. Image's website target\n B. Image's voicemail target\n C. Solide's website target\n D. Truvest's voicemail target\n E. Truvest's website target\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A maintenance company that takes service requests from three clients\u2014Image, Solide, and Truvest\u2014plans to set targets for its average service response times. Service targets will be set at 3 days, 2 days, or 1 day. Two service targets are set for each client\u2014one for requests received through the maintenance company's website and one for requests received by voicemail. The six targets are set according to the following conditions: None of the clients can have a website target that is longer than its voicemail target. Image's voicemail target must be shorter than the other clients' voicemail targets. Solide's website target must be shorter than Truvest's website target.\nQuestion: If Solide's voicemail target is shorter than Truvest's website target, which one of the following targets could be 2 days?\n A. Image's website target\n B. Image's voicemail target\n C. Solide's website target\n D. Truvest's voicemail target\n E. Truvest's website target\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:105"}
{"index": 12, "query": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: P CANNOT be performed\n A. second\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: P CANNOT be performed\n A. second\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: P CANNOT be performed\n A. second\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: P CANNOT be performed\n A. second\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:12"}
{"index": 156, "query": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the complete assignment of photographers to the Silva University ceremony?\n A. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson\n B. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck\n C. Gonzalez, Knutson\n D. Heideck, Lai\n E. Knutson, Mays\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the complete assignment of photographers to the Silva University ceremony?\n A. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson\n B. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck\n C. Gonzalez, Knutson\n D. Heideck, Lai\n E. Knutson, Mays\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the complete assignment of photographers to the Silva University ceremony?\n A. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson\n B. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck\n C. Gonzalez, Knutson\n D. Heideck, Lai\n E. Knutson, Mays\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the complete assignment of photographers to the Silva University ceremony?\n A. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson\n B. Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck\n C. Gonzalez, Knutson\n D. Heideck, Lai\n E. Knutson, Mays\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:156"}
{"index": 7, "query": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true about the organizer's selection of works?\n A. No Russian novels are selected.\n B. Exactly one French novel is selected.\n C. All three plays are selected.\n D. All three Russian novels are selected.\n E. All five French works are selected.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true about the organizer's selection of works?\n A. No Russian novels are selected.\n B. Exactly one French novel is selected.\n C. All three plays are selected.\n D. All three Russian novels are selected.\n E. All five French works are selected.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true about the organizer's selection of works?\n A. No Russian novels are selected.\n B. Exactly one French novel is selected.\n C. All three plays are selected.\n D. All three Russian novels are selected.\n E. All five French works are selected.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true about the organizer's selection of works?\n A. No Russian novels are selected.\n B. Exactly one French novel is selected.\n C. All three plays are selected.\n D. All three Russian novels are selected.\n E. All five French works are selected.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:7"}
{"index": 141, "query": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT perform the third\n A. guitarist\n B. keyboard player\n C. saxophonist\n D. trumpeter\n E. violinist\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT perform the third\n A. guitarist\n B. keyboard player\n C. saxophonist\n D. trumpeter\n E. violinist\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT perform the third\n A. guitarist\n B. keyboard player\n C. saxophonist\n D. trumpeter\n E. violinist\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT perform the third\n A. guitarist\n B. keyboard player\n C. saxophonist\n D. trumpeter\n E. violinist\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:141"}
{"index": 130, "query": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: If the romance is scheduled to begin before the western does, then which one of the following must be true of this evening's schedule?\n A. The horror film is shown on screen 1.\n B. The mystery begins at 7 P.M.\n C. The mystery is shown on screen 2.\n D. The sci-fi film begins at 9 P.M.\n E. The sci-fi film is shown on screen 2.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: If the romance is scheduled to begin before the western does, then which one of the following must be true of this evening's schedule?\n A. The horror film is shown on screen 1.\n B. The mystery begins at 7 P.M.\n C. The mystery is shown on screen 2.\n D. The sci-fi film begins at 9 P.M.\n E. The sci-fi film is shown on screen 2.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: If the romance is scheduled to begin before the western does, then which one of the following must be true of this evening's schedule?\n A. The horror film is shown on screen 1.\n B. The mystery begins at 7 P.M.\n C. The mystery is shown on screen 2.\n D. The sci-fi film begins at 9 P.M.\n E. The sci-fi film is shown on screen 2.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: If the romance is scheduled to begin before the western does, then which one of the following must be true of this evening's schedule?\n A. The horror film is shown on screen 1.\n B. The mystery begins at 7 P.M.\n C. The mystery is shown on screen 2.\n D. The sci-fi film begins at 9 P.M.\n E. The sci-fi film is shown on screen 2.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:130"}
{"index": 17, "query": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If exactly two compositions are performed after F but before O, then R must be performed\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If exactly two compositions are performed after F but before O, then R must be performed\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If exactly two compositions are performed after F but before O, then R must be performed\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At a concert, exactly eight compositions\u2014F, H, L, O, P, R, S, and T\u2014are to be performed exactly once each, consecutively and one composition at a time. The order of their performance must satisfy the following conditions: T is performed either immediately before F or immediately after R. At least two compositions are performed either after F and before R, or after R and before F. O is performed either first or fifth. The eighth composition performed is either L or H. P is performed at some time before S. At least one composition is performed either after O and before S, or after S and before O.\nQuestion: If exactly two compositions are performed after F but before O, then R must be performed\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. sixth\n E. seventh\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:17"}
{"index": 199, "query": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The mirror is auctioned on June 2nd.\n B. The lamp is auctioned on June 2nd.\n C. The vase is auctioned on. June 2nd.\n D. The lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n E. The mirror is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The mirror is auctioned on June 2nd.\n B. The lamp is auctioned on June 2nd.\n C. The vase is auctioned on. June 2nd.\n D. The lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n E. The mirror is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The mirror is auctioned on June 2nd.\n B. The lamp is auctioned on June 2nd.\n C. The vase is auctioned on. June 2nd.\n D. The lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n E. The mirror is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. The mirror is auctioned on June 2nd.\n B. The lamp is auctioned on June 2nd.\n C. The vase is auctioned on. June 2nd.\n D. The lamp is auctioned on June 3rd.\n E. The mirror is auctioned on June 5th.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:199"}
{"index": 49, "query": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: The assignment of parking spaces to each of the new employees is fully and uniquely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Souza is assigned parking space #1.\n B. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n C. Vaughn is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Robertson is assigned parking space #4.\n E. Xu is assigned parking space #5.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: The assignment of parking spaces to each of the new employees is fully and uniquely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Souza is assigned parking space #1.\n B. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n C. Vaughn is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Robertson is assigned parking space #4.\n E. Xu is assigned parking space #5.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: The assignment of parking spaces to each of the new employees is fully and uniquely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Souza is assigned parking space #1.\n B. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n C. Vaughn is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Robertson is assigned parking space #4.\n E. Xu is assigned parking space #5.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: The assignment of parking spaces to each of the new employees is fully and uniquely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Souza is assigned parking space #1.\n B. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n C. Vaughn is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Robertson is assigned parking space #4.\n E. Xu is assigned parking space #5.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:49"}
{"index": 197, "query": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: If the table is auctioned on a date that is later than both the date on which the mirror is auctioned and the date on which the vase is auctioned, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. The harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the table.\n B. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\n C. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the sundial.\n D. The mirror is auctioned on an earlier date than the vase.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: If the table is auctioned on a date that is later than both the date on which the mirror is auctioned and the date on which the vase is auctioned, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. The harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the table.\n B. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\n C. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the sundial.\n D. The mirror is auctioned on an earlier date than the vase.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: If the table is auctioned on a date that is later than both the date on which the mirror is auctioned and the date on which the vase is auctioned, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. The harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the table.\n B. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\n C. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the sundial.\n D. The mirror is auctioned on an earlier date than the vase.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: If the table is auctioned on a date that is later than both the date on which the mirror is auctioned and the date on which the vase is auctioned, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. The harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the table.\n B. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\n C. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the sundial.\n D. The mirror is auctioned on an earlier date than the vase.\n E. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:197"}
{"index": 48, "query": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: If Togowa is assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n B. Vaughn is assigned parking space #5.\n C. Togowa is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Souza is assigned parking space #2.\n E. Robertson is assigned parking space #3.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: If Togowa is assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n B. Vaughn is assigned parking space #5.\n C. Togowa is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Souza is assigned parking space #2.\n E. Robertson is assigned parking space #3.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: If Togowa is assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n B. Vaughn is assigned parking space #5.\n C. Togowa is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Souza is assigned parking space #2.\n E. Robertson is assigned parking space #3.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: If Togowa is assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Young is assigned parking space #2.\n B. Vaughn is assigned parking space #5.\n C. Togowa is assigned parking space #3.\n D. Souza is assigned parking space #2.\n E. Robertson is assigned parking space #3.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:48"}
{"index": 6, "query": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the organizer's selection of works?\n A. one French novel, two Russian novels, one French play, one Russian play\n B. two French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays, one Russian play\n C. two French novels, two Russian novels, two French plays\n D. three French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. three French novels, two Russian novels, one Russian play\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the organizer's selection of works?\n A. one French novel, two Russian novels, one French play, one Russian play\n B. two French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays, one Russian play\n C. two French novels, two Russian novels, two French plays\n D. three French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. three French novels, two Russian novels, one Russian play\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the organizer's selection of works?\n A. one French novel, two Russian novels, one French play, one Russian play\n B. two French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays, one Russian play\n C. two French novels, two Russian novels, two French plays\n D. three French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. three French novels, two Russian novels, one Russian play\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the organizer's selection of works?\n A. one French novel, two Russian novels, one French play, one Russian play\n B. two French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays, one Russian play\n C. two French novels, two Russian novels, two French plays\n D. three French novels, one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. three French novels, two Russian novels, one Russian play\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:6"}
{"index": 181, "query": "A publisher is planning to publish six cookbooks\u2014K, L, M, N, O, and P\u2014over the course of the next year. Each cookbook will be published in one of two seasons\u2014fall or spring\u2014subject to the following conditions: M and P cannot be published in the same season as each other. K and N must be published in the same season as each other. If K is published in the fall, O must also be published in the fall. If M is published in the fall, N must be published in the spring\nQuestion: If N is published in the fall, which one of the following could be true\n A. K is published in the spring.\n B. L is published in the fall.\n C. M is published in the fall.\n D. 0 is published in the spring.\n E. P is published in the spring.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A publisher is planning to publish six cookbooks\u2014K, L, M, N, O, and P\u2014over the course of the next year. Each cookbook will be published in one of two seasons\u2014fall or spring\u2014subject to the following conditions: M and P cannot be published in the same season as each other. K and N must be published in the same season as each other. If K is published in the fall, O must also be published in the fall. If M is published in the fall, N must be published in the spring\nQuestion: If N is published in the fall, which one of the following could be true\n A. K is published in the spring.\n B. L is published in the fall.\n C. M is published in the fall.\n D. 0 is published in the spring.\n E. P is published in the spring.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A publisher is planning to publish six cookbooks\u2014K, L, M, N, O, and P\u2014over the course of the next year. Each cookbook will be published in one of two seasons\u2014fall or spring\u2014subject to the following conditions: M and P cannot be published in the same season as each other. K and N must be published in the same season as each other. If K is published in the fall, O must also be published in the fall. If M is published in the fall, N must be published in the spring\nQuestion: If N is published in the fall, which one of the following could be true\n A. K is published in the spring.\n B. L is published in the fall.\n C. M is published in the fall.\n D. 0 is published in the spring.\n E. P is published in the spring.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A publisher is planning to publish six cookbooks\u2014K, L, M, N, O, and P\u2014over the course of the next year. Each cookbook will be published in one of two seasons\u2014fall or spring\u2014subject to the following conditions: M and P cannot be published in the same season as each other. K and N must be published in the same season as each other. If K is published in the fall, O must also be published in the fall. If M is published in the fall, N must be published in the spring\nQuestion: If N is published in the fall, which one of the following could be true\n A. K is published in the spring.\n B. L is published in the fall.\n C. M is published in the fall.\n D. 0 is published in the spring.\n E. P is published in the spring.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 58, "query": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if substituted for the constraint that if Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne, would have the same effect in determining the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. If Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship, then so is Jaramillo.\n B. If Landon and Ong are both assigned to ambassadorships, then so is Novetzke.\n C. If Ong is not assigned to an ambassadorship, then Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship.\n D. Jaramillo and Novetzke are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\n E. Novetzke and Ong are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if substituted for the constraint that if Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne, would have the same effect in determining the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. If Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship, then so is Jaramillo.\n B. If Landon and Ong are both assigned to ambassadorships, then so is Novetzke.\n C. If Ong is not assigned to an ambassadorship, then Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship.\n D. Jaramillo and Novetzke are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\n E. Novetzke and Ong are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if substituted for the constraint that if Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne, would have the same effect in determining the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. If Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship, then so is Jaramillo.\n B. If Landon and Ong are both assigned to ambassadorships, then so is Novetzke.\n C. If Ong is not assigned to an ambassadorship, then Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship.\n D. Jaramillo and Novetzke are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\n E. Novetzke and Ong are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if substituted for the constraint that if Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne, would have the same effect in determining the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. If Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship, then so is Jaramillo.\n B. If Landon and Ong are both assigned to ambassadorships, then so is Novetzke.\n C. If Ong is not assigned to an ambassadorship, then Kayne is assigned to an ambassadorship.\n D. Jaramillo and Novetzke are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\n E. Novetzke and Ong are not both assigned to ambassadorships.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:58"}
{"index": 163, "query": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If Tao was recruited second, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited third.\n B. Rovero was recruited fifth.\n C. Stanton was recruited sixth.\n D. Villas was recruited sixth.\n E. White was recruited third.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If Tao was recruited second, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited third.\n B. Rovero was recruited fifth.\n C. Stanton was recruited sixth.\n D. Villas was recruited sixth.\n E. White was recruited third.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If Tao was recruited second, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited third.\n B. Rovero was recruited fifth.\n C. Stanton was recruited sixth.\n D. Villas was recruited sixth.\n E. White was recruited third.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If Tao was recruited second, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Quinn was recruited third.\n B. Rovero was recruited fifth.\n C. Stanton was recruited sixth.\n D. Villas was recruited sixth.\n E. White was recruited third.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:163"}
{"index": 101, "query": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: If Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Hong, which one of the following must be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n B. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Monday.\n C. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n D. Hong is scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n E. Iturbe is the only witness scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: If Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Hong, which one of the following must be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n B. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Monday.\n C. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n D. Hong is scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n E. Iturbe is the only witness scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: If Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Hong, which one of the following must be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n B. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Monday.\n C. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n D. Hong is scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n E. Iturbe is the only witness scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: If Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Hong, which one of the following must be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n B. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Monday.\n C. Garcia is scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n D. Hong is scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n E. Iturbe is the only witness scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 117, "query": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Veqemite performs in slot three, which one of the following must be true?\n A. Uneasy performs in an earlier slot than Xpert.\n B. Wellspring performs in an earlier slot than zircon\n C. Xpert performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy\n D. Yardsign performs in an earlier slot than, wellspring\n E. Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Veqemite performs in slot three, which one of the following must be true?\n A. Uneasy performs in an earlier slot than Xpert.\n B. Wellspring performs in an earlier slot than zircon\n C. Xpert performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy\n D. Yardsign performs in an earlier slot than, wellspring\n E. Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Veqemite performs in slot three, which one of the following must be true?\n A. Uneasy performs in an earlier slot than Xpert.\n B. Wellspring performs in an earlier slot than zircon\n C. Xpert performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy\n D. Yardsign performs in an earlier slot than, wellspring\n E. Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Veqemite performs in slot three, which one of the following must be true?\n A. Uneasy performs in an earlier slot than Xpert.\n B. Wellspring performs in an earlier slot than zircon\n C. Xpert performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy\n D. Yardsign performs in an earlier slot than, wellspring\n E. Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Uneasy.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:117"}
{"index": 90, "query": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the fifth solo is a traditional piece, then for exactly determined?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the fifth solo is a traditional piece, then for exactly determined?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the fifth solo is a traditional piece, then for exactly determined?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the fifth solo is a traditional piece, then for exactly determined?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 133, "query": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable order for the lectures, from first to fifth?\n A. oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, terns\n B. petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, terns, rails\n C. rails, sandpipers, terns, petrels, oystercatchers\n D. sandpipers, terns, oystercatchers, rails, petrels\n E. terns, petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, rails\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable order for the lectures, from first to fifth?\n A. oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, terns\n B. petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, terns, rails\n C. rails, sandpipers, terns, petrels, oystercatchers\n D. sandpipers, terns, oystercatchers, rails, petrels\n E. terns, petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, rails\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable order for the lectures, from first to fifth?\n A. oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, terns\n B. petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, terns, rails\n C. rails, sandpipers, terns, petrels, oystercatchers\n D. sandpipers, terns, oystercatchers, rails, petrels\n E. terns, petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, rails\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable order for the lectures, from first to fifth?\n A. oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, terns\n B. petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, terns, rails\n C. rails, sandpipers, terns, petrels, oystercatchers\n D. sandpipers, terns, oystercatchers, rails, petrels\n E. terns, petrels, sandpipers, oystercatchers, rails\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:133"}
{"index": 204, "query": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: If Kammer's audition is immediately before Yoshida's, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kammer's audition is second.\n B. Trillo's audition is fourth.\n C. Waite's audition is third.\n D. Yoshida's audition is sixth.\n E. Zinn's audition is second.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: If Kammer's audition is immediately before Yoshida's, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kammer's audition is second.\n B. Trillo's audition is fourth.\n C. Waite's audition is third.\n D. Yoshida's audition is sixth.\n E. Zinn's audition is second.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: If Kammer's audition is immediately before Yoshida's, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kammer's audition is second.\n B. Trillo's audition is fourth.\n C. Waite's audition is third.\n D. Yoshida's audition is sixth.\n E. Zinn's audition is second.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: If Kammer's audition is immediately before Yoshida's, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kammer's audition is second.\n B. Trillo's audition is fourth.\n C. Waite's audition is third.\n D. Yoshida's audition is sixth.\n E. Zinn's audition is second.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:204"}
{"index": 152, "query": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If forest and peach are used together in a rug, which one of the following could be true?\n A. There is exactly one solid rug.\n B. White is not used in any of the rugs.\n C. Yellow is not used in any of the rugs.\n D. Turquoise and white are used together in a rug.\n E. Turquoise and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If forest and peach are used together in a rug, which one of the following could be true?\n A. There is exactly one solid rug.\n B. White is not used in any of the rugs.\n C. Yellow is not used in any of the rugs.\n D. Turquoise and white are used together in a rug.\n E. Turquoise and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If forest and peach are used together in a rug, which one of the following could be true?\n A. There is exactly one solid rug.\n B. White is not used in any of the rugs.\n C. Yellow is not used in any of the rugs.\n D. Turquoise and white are used together in a rug.\n E. Turquoise and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If forest and peach are used together in a rug, which one of the following could be true?\n A. There is exactly one solid rug.\n B. White is not used in any of the rugs.\n C. Yellow is not used in any of the rugs.\n D. Turquoise and white are used together in a rug.\n E. Turquoise and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:152"}
{"index": 28, "query": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If both G and H are among the scientists selected, then the panel must include either\n A. F or else K\n B. F or else M\n C. K or else M\n D. M or else Q\n E. P or else Q\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If both G and H are among the scientists selected, then the panel must include either\n A. F or else K\n B. F or else M\n C. K or else M\n D. M or else Q\n E. P or else Q\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If both G and H are among the scientists selected, then the panel must include either\n A. F or else K\n B. F or else M\n C. K or else M\n D. M or else Q\n E. P or else Q\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A panel of five scientists will be formed. The panelists will be selected from among three botanists\u2014F, G, and H\u2014three chemists\u2014K, L, and M\u2014and three zoologists\u2014P, Q, and R. Selection is governed by the following conditions: The panel must include at least one scientist of each of the three types. If more than one botanist is selected, then at most one zoologist is selected. F and K cannot both be selected. K and M cannot both be selected. If M is selected, both P and R must be selected.\nQuestion: If both G and H are among the scientists selected, then the panel must include either\n A. F or else K\n B. F or else M\n C. K or else M\n D. M or else Q\n E. P or else Q\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:28"}
{"index": 139, "query": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the percussionist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. The percussionist performs the first solo.\n B. The percussionist performs the second solo.\n C. The violinist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\n D. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the trumpeter does.\n E. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the percussionist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. The percussionist performs the first solo.\n B. The percussionist performs the second solo.\n C. The violinist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\n D. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the trumpeter does.\n E. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the percussionist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. The percussionist performs the first solo.\n B. The percussionist performs the second solo.\n C. The violinist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\n D. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the trumpeter does.\n E. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A concert is given by a six-member band\u2014guitarist, keyboard player, percussionist, saxophonist, trumpeter, violinist. During the concert, each member performs exactly one solo. The following restrictions apply: The guitarist does not perform the fourth solo. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does. The keyboard player performs a solo at some time after the violinist does and at some time before the guitarist does. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time after either the percussionist does or the trumpeter does, but not both.\nQuestion: If the percussionist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. The percussionist performs the first solo.\n B. The percussionist performs the second solo.\n C. The violinist performs a solo at some time before the saxophonist does.\n D. The percussionist performs a solo at some time before the trumpeter does.\n E. The saxophonist performs a solo at some time before the keyboard player does.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 50, "query": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: For how many of the six new employees is the assignment of a parking space limited to one of only two possible spaces?\n A. none\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: For how many of the six new employees is the assignment of a parking space limited to one of only two possible spaces?\n A. none\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: For how many of the six new employees is the assignment of a parking space limited to one of only two possible spaces?\n A. none\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An administrator must assign parking spaces to six new employees: Robertson, Souza, Togowa, Vaughn, Xu, and Young. Each of the six employees must be assigned one of the following parking spaces: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, or #6. No two employees can be assigned the same parking space. The following rules govern the assignment of parking spaces: Young must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Togowa. Xu must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Souza. Robertson must be assigned a higher-numbered parking space than Young. Robertson must be assigned parking space #1, #2, #3, or #4.\nQuestion: For how many of the six new employees is the assignment of a parking space limited to one of only two possible spaces?\n A. none\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 53, "query": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. Venezuela: Jaramillo Yemen: Ong Zambia: Novetzke\n B. Venezuela: Kayne Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Landon\n C. Venezuela: Landon Yemen: Novetzke Zambia: Ong\n D. Venezuela: Novetzke Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Kayne\n E. Venezuela: Ong Yemen: Kayne Zambia: Landon\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. Venezuela: Jaramillo Yemen: Ong Zambia: Novetzke\n B. Venezuela: Kayne Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Landon\n C. Venezuela: Landon Yemen: Novetzke Zambia: Ong\n D. Venezuela: Novetzke Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Kayne\n E. Venezuela: Ong Yemen: Kayne Zambia: Landon\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. Venezuela: Jaramillo Yemen: Ong Zambia: Novetzke\n B. Venezuela: Kayne Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Landon\n C. Venezuela: Landon Yemen: Novetzke Zambia: Ong\n D. Venezuela: Novetzke Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Kayne\n E. Venezuela: Ong Yemen: Kayne Zambia: Landon\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A government needs to assign new ambassadors to Venezuela, Yemen, and Zambia. The candidates for these ambassadorships are Jaramillo, Kayne, Landon, Novetzke, and Ong. One ambassador will be assigned to each country, and no ambassador will be assigned to more than one country. The assignment of the ambassadors must meet the following constraints: Either Kayne or Novetzke, but not both, is assigned to one of the ambassadorships. If Jaramillo is assigned to one of the ambassadorships, then so is Kayne. If Ong is assigned as ambassador to Venezuela, Kayne is not assigned as ambassador to Yemen. If Landon is assigned to an ambassadorship, it is to Zambia.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the assignment of the ambassadors?\n A. Venezuela: Jaramillo Yemen: Ong Zambia: Novetzke\n B. Venezuela: Kayne Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Landon\n C. Venezuela: Landon Yemen: Novetzke Zambia: Ong\n D. Venezuela: Novetzke Yemen: Jaramillo Zambia: Kayne\n E. Venezuela: Ong Yemen: Kayne Zambia: Landon\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:53"}
{"index": 31, "query": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one bay between the bay holding machinery and the bay holding grain, then for exactly how many of the six bays is the type of cargo that bay is holding completely determined?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one bay between the bay holding machinery and the bay holding grain, then for exactly how many of the six bays is the type of cargo that bay is holding completely determined?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one bay between the bay holding machinery and the bay holding grain, then for exactly how many of the six bays is the type of cargo that bay is holding completely determined?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one bay between the bay holding machinery and the bay holding grain, then for exactly how many of the six bays is the type of cargo that bay is holding completely determined?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:31"}
{"index": 62, "query": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests F on the first day.\n C. Theresa tests F on the second day.\n D. Reynaldo tests H on the first day.\n E. Yuki tests F on the second day.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests F on the first day.\n C. Theresa tests F on the second day.\n D. Reynaldo tests H on the first day.\n E. Yuki tests F on the second day.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests F on the first day.\n C. Theresa tests F on the second day.\n D. Reynaldo tests H on the first day.\n E. Yuki tests F on the second day.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests F on the first day.\n C. Theresa tests F on the second day.\n D. Reynaldo tests H on the first day.\n E. Yuki tests F on the second day.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 155, "query": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: If Heideck is assigned to the same graduation ceremony as Lai, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Frost is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n B. Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony.\n C. Gonzalez is assigned to neither graduation ceremony.\n D. Knutson is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n E. Lai is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: If Heideck is assigned to the same graduation ceremony as Lai, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Frost is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n B. Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony.\n C. Gonzalez is assigned to neither graduation ceremony.\n D. Knutson is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n E. Lai is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: If Heideck is assigned to the same graduation ceremony as Lai, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Frost is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n B. Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony.\n C. Gonzalez is assigned to neither graduation ceremony.\n D. Knutson is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n E. Lai is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The manager of a photography business must assign at least two photographers to each of two graduation ceremonies\u2014one at Silva University and the other at Thorne University. Exactly six photographers are available\u2014Frost, Gonzalez, Heideck, Knutson, Lai, and Mays\u2014but not all have to be assigned. No photographer can be assigned to both ceremonies. The following constraints apply: Frost must be assigned together with Heideck to one of the graduation ceremonies. If Lai and Mays are both assigned, it must be to different ceremonies. If Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony, then Lai must be assigned to the Thorne University ceremony. If Knutson is not assigned to the Thorne University ceremony, then both Heideck and Mays must be assigned to it.\nQuestion: If Heideck is assigned to the same graduation ceremony as Lai, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Frost is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n B. Gonzalez is assigned to the Silva University ceremony.\n C. Gonzalez is assigned to neither graduation ceremony.\n D. Knutson is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\n E. Lai is assigned to the Thorne University ceremony.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:155"}
{"index": 8, "query": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: If the works selected include three French novels, which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the remaining works selected?\n A. one Russian novel\n B. two French plays\n C. one Russian novel, one Russian play\n D. one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. two Russian novels, one French play\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: If the works selected include three French novels, which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the remaining works selected?\n A. one Russian novel\n B. two French plays\n C. one Russian novel, one Russian play\n D. one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. two Russian novels, one French play\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: If the works selected include three French novels, which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the remaining works selected?\n A. one Russian novel\n B. two French plays\n C. one Russian novel, one Russian play\n D. one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. two Russian novels, one French play\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The organizer of a reading club will select at least five and at most six works from a group of nine works. The group consists of three French novels, three Russian novels, two French plays, and one Russian play. The organizer's selection of works must conform to the following requirements: No more than four French works are selected. At least three but no more than four novels are selected. At least as many French novels as Russian novels are selected. If both French plays are selected, then the Russian play is not selected.\nQuestion: If the works selected include three French novels, which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the remaining works selected?\n A. one Russian novel\n B. two French plays\n C. one Russian novel, one Russian play\n D. one Russian novel, two French plays\n E. two Russian novels, one French play\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:8"}
{"index": 29, "query": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists could accurately identify the cargo held in each of the loading dock's first three bays, listed in order from bay 1 to bay 3?\n A. fuel, machinery, textiles\n B. grain, machinery, fuel\n C. machinery, livestock, fuel\n D. machinery, textiles, fuel\n E. machinery, textiles, produce\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists could accurately identify the cargo held in each of the loading dock's first three bays, listed in order from bay 1 to bay 3?\n A. fuel, machinery, textiles\n B. grain, machinery, fuel\n C. machinery, livestock, fuel\n D. machinery, textiles, fuel\n E. machinery, textiles, produce\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists could accurately identify the cargo held in each of the loading dock's first three bays, listed in order from bay 1 to bay 3?\n A. fuel, machinery, textiles\n B. grain, machinery, fuel\n C. machinery, livestock, fuel\n D. machinery, textiles, fuel\n E. machinery, textiles, produce\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: Which one of the following lists could accurately identify the cargo held in each of the loading dock's first three bays, listed in order from bay 1 to bay 3?\n A. fuel, machinery, textiles\n B. grain, machinery, fuel\n C. machinery, livestock, fuel\n D. machinery, textiles, fuel\n E. machinery, textiles, produce\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:29"}
{"index": 34, "query": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If the bay holding produce is next to the bay holding livestock, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT:\n A. Bay 2 is holding fuel.\n B. Bay 4 is holding produce.\n C. Bay 4 is holding textiles.\n D. Bay 5 is holding grain.\n E. Bay 5 is holding machinery.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If the bay holding produce is next to the bay holding livestock, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT:\n A. Bay 2 is holding fuel.\n B. Bay 4 is holding produce.\n C. Bay 4 is holding textiles.\n D. Bay 5 is holding grain.\n E. Bay 5 is holding machinery.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If the bay holding produce is next to the bay holding livestock, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT:\n A. Bay 2 is holding fuel.\n B. Bay 4 is holding produce.\n C. Bay 4 is holding textiles.\n D. Bay 5 is holding grain.\n E. Bay 5 is holding machinery.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A loading dock consists of exactly six bays numbered 1 through 6 consecutively from one side of the dock to the other. Each bay is holding a different one of exactly six types of cargo\u2014fuel, grain, livestock, machinery, produce, or textiles. The following apply: The bay holding grain has a higher number than the bay holding livestock. The bay holding livestock has a higher number than the bay holding textiles. The bay holding produce has a higher number than the bay holding fuel. The bay holding textiles is next to the bay holding produce.\nQuestion: If the bay holding produce is next to the bay holding livestock, then each of the following could be true EXCEPT:\n A. Bay 2 is holding fuel.\n B. Bay 4 is holding produce.\n C. Bay 4 is holding textiles.\n D. Bay 5 is holding grain.\n E. Bay 5 is holding machinery.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 203, "query": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the sixth audition?\n A. Kammer's audition\n B. Lugo's audition\n C. Trillo's audition\n D. Waite's audition\n E. Zinn's audition\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the sixth audition?\n A. Kammer's audition\n B. Lugo's audition\n C. Trillo's audition\n D. Waite's audition\n E. Zinn's audition\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the sixth audition?\n A. Kammer's audition\n B. Lugo's audition\n C. Trillo's audition\n D. Waite's audition\n E. Zinn's audition\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the sixth audition?\n A. Kammer's audition\n B. Lugo's audition\n C. Trillo's audition\n D. Waite's audition\n E. Zinn's audition\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:203"}
{"index": 94, "query": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. K is shown in the evening.\n B. L is shown in the afternoon.\n C. L is shown in the evening.\n D. M is shown in the morning.\n E. M is shown in the afternoon.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. K is shown in the evening.\n B. L is shown in the afternoon.\n C. L is shown in the evening.\n D. M is shown in the morning.\n E. M is shown in the afternoon.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. K is shown in the evening.\n B. L is shown in the afternoon.\n C. L is shown in the evening.\n D. M is shown in the morning.\n E. M is shown in the afternoon.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. K is shown in the evening.\n B. L is shown in the afternoon.\n C. L is shown in the evening.\n D. M is shown in the morning.\n E. M is shown in the afternoon.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:94"}
{"index": 22, "query": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. There are exactly four breeds that are each featured on three days.\n B. Greyhounds are featured on every day that Himalayans are.\n C. Himalayans are featured on every day that Greyhounds are.\n D. Himalayans are featured on every day that Rottweilers are not.\n E. Rottweilers are featured on every day that Himalayans are not.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. There are exactly four breeds that are each featured on three days.\n B. Greyhounds are featured on every day that Himalayans are.\n C. Himalayans are featured on every day that Greyhounds are.\n D. Himalayans are featured on every day that Rottweilers are not.\n E. Rottweilers are featured on every day that Himalayans are not.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. There are exactly four breeds that are each featured on three days.\n B. Greyhounds are featured on every day that Himalayans are.\n C. Himalayans are featured on every day that Greyhounds are.\n D. Himalayans are featured on every day that Rottweilers are not.\n E. Rottweilers are featured on every day that Himalayans are not.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. There are exactly four breeds that are each featured on three days.\n B. Greyhounds are featured on every day that Himalayans are.\n C. Himalayans are featured on every day that Greyhounds are.\n D. Himalayans are featured on every day that Rottweilers are not.\n E. Rottweilers are featured on every day that Himalayans are not.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If one of the rugs is solid peach, which one of the following must be true?\n A. One of the rugs is solid forest.\n B. One of the rugs is solid turquoise.\n C. One of the rugs is solid yellow.\n D. Forest and white are used together in a rug.\n E. White and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If one of the rugs is solid peach, which one of the following must be true?\n A. One of the rugs is solid forest.\n B. One of the rugs is solid turquoise.\n C. One of the rugs is solid yellow.\n D. Forest and white are used together in a rug.\n E. White and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If one of the rugs is solid peach, which one of the following must be true?\n A. One of the rugs is solid forest.\n B. One of the rugs is solid turquoise.\n C. One of the rugs is solid yellow.\n D. Forest and white are used together in a rug.\n E. White and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Three rugs will be woven out of colored thread. Six colors of thread are available\u2014forest, olive, peach, turquoise, white, and yellow\u2014exactly five of which will be used to weave the rugs. Each color that is used will be used in only one of the rugs. The rugs are either solid\u2014woven in a single color\u2014or multicolored. The rugs must be woven according to the following rules: In any rug in which white is used, two other colors are also used. In any rug in which olive is used, peach is also used. Forest and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and turquoise are not used together in a rug. Peach and yellow are not used together in a rug.\nQuestion: If one of the rugs is solid peach, which one of the following must be true?\n A. One of the rugs is solid forest.\n B. One of the rugs is solid turquoise.\n C. One of the rugs is solid yellow.\n D. Forest and white are used together in a rug.\n E. White and yellow are used together in a rug.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 191, "query": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: If both Ryan and Yoshio are assigned to the project, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Louis is assigned to 1923.\n B. Mollie is assigned to 1921.\n C. Onyx is assigned to 1922.\n D. Tiffany is assigned to 1924.\n E. Yoshio is assigned to 1922.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: If both Ryan and Yoshio are assigned to the project, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Louis is assigned to 1923.\n B. Mollie is assigned to 1921.\n C. Onyx is assigned to 1922.\n D. Tiffany is assigned to 1924.\n E. Yoshio is assigned to 1922.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: If both Ryan and Yoshio are assigned to the project, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Louis is assigned to 1923.\n B. Mollie is assigned to 1921.\n C. Onyx is assigned to 1922.\n D. Tiffany is assigned to 1924.\n E. Yoshio is assigned to 1922.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: If both Ryan and Yoshio are assigned to the project, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Louis is assigned to 1923.\n B. Mollie is assigned to 1921.\n C. Onyx is assigned to 1922.\n D. Tiffany is assigned to 1924.\n E. Yoshio is assigned to 1922.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:191"}
{"index": 71, "query": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: If Lan does not lead a Wednesday session, then which one of the following lab assistants must lead a Thursday session?\n A. Rebecca\n B. Olivia\n C. Nessa\n D. Kevin\n E. Julio\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: If Lan does not lead a Wednesday session, then which one of the following lab assistants must lead a Thursday session?\n A. Rebecca\n B. Olivia\n C. Nessa\n D. Kevin\n E. Julio\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: If Lan does not lead a Wednesday session, then which one of the following lab assistants must lead a Thursday session?\n A. Rebecca\n B. Olivia\n C. Nessa\n D. Kevin\n E. Julio\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: If Lan does not lead a Wednesday session, then which one of the following lab assistants must lead a Thursday session?\n A. Rebecca\n B. Olivia\n C. Nessa\n D. Kevin\n E. Julio\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:71"}
{"index": 113, "query": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: In the order in which the articles are edited, S could be in any of the following positions EXCEPT:\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. fifth\n E. sixth\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: In the order in which the articles are edited, S could be in any of the following positions EXCEPT:\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. fifth\n E. sixth\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: In the order in which the articles are edited, S could be in any of the following positions EXCEPT:\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. fifth\n E. sixth\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: In the order in which the articles are edited, S could be in any of the following positions EXCEPT:\n A. first\n B. third\n C. fourth\n D. fifth\n E. sixth\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:113"}
{"index": 147, "query": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If Garcia gives the sculptures lecture, which one of the following could be true?\n A. The lithographs lecture is third.\n B. The oil paintings lecture is third.\n C. The sculptures lecture is first.\n D. The sculptures lecture is second.\n E. The watercolors lecture is second.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If Garcia gives the sculptures lecture, which one of the following could be true?\n A. The lithographs lecture is third.\n B. The oil paintings lecture is third.\n C. The sculptures lecture is first.\n D. The sculptures lecture is second.\n E. The watercolors lecture is second.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If Garcia gives the sculptures lecture, which one of the following could be true?\n A. The lithographs lecture is third.\n B. The oil paintings lecture is third.\n C. The sculptures lecture is first.\n D. The sculptures lecture is second.\n E. The watercolors lecture is second.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: If Garcia gives the sculptures lecture, which one of the following could be true?\n A. The lithographs lecture is third.\n B. The oil paintings lecture is third.\n C. The sculptures lecture is first.\n D. The sculptures lecture is second.\n E. The watercolors lecture is second.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:147"}
{"index": 45, "query": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate and complete list of the students who review Tamerlane?\n A. Jiang, Kramer\n B. Kramer, O'Neill\n C. Kramer, Lopez, O'Neill\n D. Kramer, Megregian, O'Neill\n E. Lopez, Megregian, O'Neill\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate and complete list of the students who review Tamerlane?\n A. Jiang, Kramer\n B. Kramer, O'Neill\n C. Kramer, Lopez, O'Neill\n D. Kramer, Megregian, O'Neill\n E. Lopez, Megregian, O'Neill\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate and complete list of the students who review Tamerlane?\n A. Jiang, Kramer\n B. Kramer, O'Neill\n C. Kramer, Lopez, O'Neill\n D. Kramer, Megregian, O'Neill\n E. Lopez, Megregian, O'Neill\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For the school paper, five students\u2014Jiang, Kramer, Lopez, Megregian, and O'Neill\u2014each review one or more of exactly three plays: Sunset, Tamerlane, and Undulation, but do not review any other plays. The following conditions must apply: Kramer and Lopez each review fewer of the plays than Megregian. Neither Lopez nor Megregian reviews any play Jiang reviews. Kramer and O'Neill both review Tamerlane. Exactly two of the students review exactly the same play or plays as each other.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate and complete list of the students who review Tamerlane?\n A. Jiang, Kramer\n B. Kramer, O'Neill\n C. Kramer, Lopez, O'Neill\n D. Kramer, Megregian, O'Neill\n E. Lopez, Megregian, O'Neill\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:45"}
{"index": 82, "query": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: If more sales representatives work in Zone 1 than in Zone 3, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kim works in Zone 2.\n B. Mahr works in Zone 2.\n C. Parra works in Zone 3.\n D. Tiao works in Zone 1.\n E. Udall works in Zone 3.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: If more sales representatives work in Zone 1 than in Zone 3, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kim works in Zone 2.\n B. Mahr works in Zone 2.\n C. Parra works in Zone 3.\n D. Tiao works in Zone 1.\n E. Udall works in Zone 3.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: If more sales representatives work in Zone 1 than in Zone 3, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kim works in Zone 2.\n B. Mahr works in Zone 2.\n C. Parra works in Zone 3.\n D. Tiao works in Zone 1.\n E. Udall works in Zone 3.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: If more sales representatives work in Zone 1 than in Zone 3, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Kim works in Zone 2.\n B. Mahr works in Zone 2.\n C. Parra works in Zone 3.\n D. Tiao works in Zone 1.\n E. Udall works in Zone 3.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:82"}
{"index": 223, "query": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n B. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n C. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n D. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n E. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n B. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n C. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n D. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n E. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n B. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n C. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n D. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n E. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n B. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Greene's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n C. Both of Franz's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\n D. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in lower positions.\n E. Both of Greene's paintings and both of Hidalgo's paintings are displayed in upper positions.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:223"}
{"index": 114, "query": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: The order in which the articles are edited is fully determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. H is fourth.\n B. H is sixth.\n C. R is fourth.\n D. R is seventh.\n E. Y is fifth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: The order in which the articles are edited is fully determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. H is fourth.\n B. H is sixth.\n C. R is fourth.\n D. R is seventh.\n E. Y is fifth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: The order in which the articles are edited is fully determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. H is fourth.\n B. H is sixth.\n C. R is fourth.\n D. R is seventh.\n E. Y is fifth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: The order in which the articles are edited is fully determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. H is fourth.\n B. H is sixth.\n C. R is fourth.\n D. R is seventh.\n E. Y is fifth.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:114"}
{"index": 136, "query": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true of the fifth lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on petrels and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Gladwyn Hall.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true of the fifth lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on petrels and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Gladwyn Hall.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true of the fifth lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on petrels and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Gladwyn Hall.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A naturalist will give five lectures, each on a different type of bird: oystercatchers, petrels, rails, sandpipers, or terns. The lectures must be given in either Gladwyn Hall or Howard Auditorium, in an order that meets the following conditions: The first lecture is in Gladwyn Hall. The fourth lecture is in Howard Auditorium. Exactly three of the lectures are in Gladwyn Hall. The lecture on sandpipers is in Howard Auditorium and is given earlier than the lecture on oystercatchers. The lecture on terns is given earlier than the lecture on petrels, which is in Gladwyn Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be true of the fifth lecture?\n A. It is on oystercatchers and is in Gladwyn Hall.\n B. It is on petrels and is in Howard Auditorium.\n C. It is on rails and is in Howard Auditorium.\n D. It is on sandpipers and is in Howard Auditorium.\n E. It is on terns and is in Gladwyn Hall.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:136"}
{"index": 116, "query": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Yardsign, which one of the following is the earliest slot in which Wellspring could perform?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Yardsign, which one of the following is the earliest slot in which Wellspring could perform?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Yardsign, which one of the following is the earliest slot in which Wellspring could perform?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A concert promoter is filling the six slots at a benefit concert. The slots, from earliest to latest, are numbered slot one through slot six. The slots will be filled by six bands\u2014Uneasy, Vegemite, Wellspring, Xpert, Yardsign, and Zircon. Each band will perform in just one slot. The order must meet the following constraints: Vegemite performs in an earlier slot than Zircon. Wellspring and Zircon each perform in an earlier slot than Xpert. Uneasy performs in one of the last three slots. Yardsign performs in one of the first three slots.\nQuestion: If Zircon performs in an earlier slot than Yardsign, which one of the following is the earliest slot in which Wellspring could perform?\n A. two\n B. three\n C. four\n D. five\n E. six\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 215, "query": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If Z is mentioned in chapter 7, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 3.\n B. S is mentioned in chapter 3.\n C. T is mentioned in chapter 4.\n D. U is mentioned in chapter 1.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 5.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If Z is mentioned in chapter 7, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 3.\n B. S is mentioned in chapter 3.\n C. T is mentioned in chapter 4.\n D. U is mentioned in chapter 1.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 5.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If Z is mentioned in chapter 7, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 3.\n B. S is mentioned in chapter 3.\n C. T is mentioned in chapter 4.\n D. U is mentioned in chapter 1.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 5.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An author is planning to write a mystery novel consisting of seven chapters, chapter 1 through chapter 7. Each of seven different clues\u2014R, S, T, U, W, X, and Z\u2014is to be mentioned exactly once, one clue per chapter. The order in which the clues are mentioned is subject to the following constraints: T cannot be mentioned in chapter 1. T must be mentioned before W, and there must be exactly two chapters separating the mention of T from the mention of W. S and Z cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. W and X cannot be mentioned in adjacent chapters. U and X must be mentioned in adjacent chapters.\nQuestion: If Z is mentioned in chapter 7, which one of the following could be true?\n A. R is mentioned in chapter 3.\n B. S is mentioned in chapter 3.\n C. T is mentioned in chapter 4.\n D. U is mentioned in chapter 1.\n E. X is mentioned in chapter 5.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:215"}
{"index": 18, "query": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order in which the breeds of kitten are featured in the pet shop, from day 1 though day 7?\n A. Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese\n B. Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx Himalayan, Manx\n C. Manx, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Manx, Siamese\n D. Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Siamese, Himalayan\n E. Siamese, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order in which the breeds of kitten are featured in the pet shop, from day 1 though day 7?\n A. Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese\n B. Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx Himalayan, Manx\n C. Manx, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Manx, Siamese\n D. Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Siamese, Himalayan\n E. Siamese, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order in which the breeds of kitten are featured in the pet shop, from day 1 though day 7?\n A. Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese\n B. Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx Himalayan, Manx\n C. Manx, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Manx, Siamese\n D. Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Siamese, Himalayan\n E. Siamese, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order in which the breeds of kitten are featured in the pet shop, from day 1 though day 7?\n A. Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese\n B. Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx Himalayan, Manx\n C. Manx, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Manx, Siamese\n D. Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Himalayan, Siamese, Siamese, Himalayan\n E. Siamese, Himalayan, Siamese, Himalayan, Manx, Siamese, Himalayan\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:18"}
{"index": 144, "query": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. Farley's lecture is earlier than the sculptures lecture.\n B. Holden's lecture is earlier than the lithographs lecture.\n C. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\n D. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Jiang's lecture.\n E. The watercolors lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. Farley's lecture is earlier than the sculptures lecture.\n B. Holden's lecture is earlier than the lithographs lecture.\n C. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\n D. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Jiang's lecture.\n E. The watercolors lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. Farley's lecture is earlier than the sculptures lecture.\n B. Holden's lecture is earlier than the lithographs lecture.\n C. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\n D. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Jiang's lecture.\n E. The watercolors lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following must be true?\n A. Farley's lecture is earlier than the sculptures lecture.\n B. Holden's lecture is earlier than the lithographs lecture.\n C. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\n D. The sculptures lecture is earlier than Jiang's lecture.\n E. The watercolors lecture is earlier than Garcia's lecture.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:144"}
{"index": 110, "query": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: If G is fourth, which one of the following could be true?\n A. H is fifth.\n B. J is first.\n C. Q is second.\n D. S is fifth\n E. Y is sixth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: If G is fourth, which one of the following could be true?\n A. H is fifth.\n B. J is first.\n C. Q is second.\n D. S is fifth\n E. Y is sixth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: If G is fourth, which one of the following could be true?\n A. H is fifth.\n B. J is first.\n C. Q is second.\n D. S is fifth\n E. Y is sixth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An editor will edit seven articles, one at a time. Three of the articles\u2014G, H, and J\u2014cover finance; three other articles\u2014Q, R, and S\u2014cover nutrition; and the remaining article, Y, covers wildlife. The order in which the articles are edited is subject to the following conditions: Consecutive articles cannot cover the same topic as each other. S can be earlier than Q only if Q is third. S must be earlier than Y. J must be earlier than G, and G must be earlier than R.\nQuestion: If G is fourth, which one of the following could be true?\n A. H is fifth.\n B. J is first.\n C. Q is second.\n D. S is fifth\n E. Y is sixth.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:110"}
{"index": 173, "query": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Metro section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Gagnon.\n C. One photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Gagnon and one is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Hue.\n E. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Fuentes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Metro section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Gagnon.\n C. One photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Gagnon and one is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Hue.\n E. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Fuentes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Metro section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Gagnon.\n C. One photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Gagnon and one is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Hue.\n E. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Fuentes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Metro section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Gagnon.\n C. One photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Gagnon and one is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Lifestyle section are by Hue.\n E. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Fuentes.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:173"}
{"index": 188, "query": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: The selection for the project is completely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Neither Quinn nor Smith is selected.\n B. Neither Quinn nor Taylor is selected.\n C. Neither Quinn nor Xue is selected.\n D. Neither Ruiz nor Wells is selected.\n E. Neither Ruiz nor Verma is selected.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: The selection for the project is completely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Neither Quinn nor Smith is selected.\n B. Neither Quinn nor Taylor is selected.\n C. Neither Quinn nor Xue is selected.\n D. Neither Ruiz nor Wells is selected.\n E. Neither Ruiz nor Verma is selected.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: The selection for the project is completely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Neither Quinn nor Smith is selected.\n B. Neither Quinn nor Taylor is selected.\n C. Neither Quinn nor Xue is selected.\n D. Neither Ruiz nor Wells is selected.\n E. Neither Ruiz nor Verma is selected.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: The selection for the project is completely determined if which one of the following is true?\n A. Neither Quinn nor Smith is selected.\n B. Neither Quinn nor Taylor is selected.\n C. Neither Quinn nor Xue is selected.\n D. Neither Ruiz nor Wells is selected.\n E. Neither Ruiz nor Verma is selected.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:188"}
{"index": 84, "query": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the sales representatives working in Zone 3?\n A. Kim, Mahr\n B. Kim, Tiao\n C. Parra, Quinn\n D. Stuckey, Tiao, Udall\n E. Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Udall\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the sales representatives working in Zone 3?\n A. Kim, Mahr\n B. Kim, Tiao\n C. Parra, Quinn\n D. Stuckey, Tiao, Udall\n E. Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Udall\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the sales representatives working in Zone 3?\n A. Kim, Mahr\n B. Kim, Tiao\n C. Parra, Quinn\n D. Stuckey, Tiao, Udall\n E. Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Udall\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A software company employs exactly seven sales representatives\u2014Kim, Mahr, Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Tiao, and Udall\u2014to work in its three sales zones\u2014Zone 1, Zone 2, and Zone 3. Each sales representative works in exactly one of the sales zones, in accordance with the following conditions: Either Parra or Tiao (but not both) works in Zone 1. Either Tiao or Udall (but not both) works in Zone 2. Parra and Quinn work in the same sales zone as each other. Stuckey and Udall work in the same sales zone as each other. There are more of the sales representatives working in Zone 3 than in Zone 2.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the sales representatives working in Zone 3?\n A. Kim, Mahr\n B. Kim, Tiao\n C. Parra, Quinn\n D. Stuckey, Tiao, Udall\n E. Parra, Quinn, Stuckey, Udall\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 195, "query": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate list of the six antiques, in the order in which they are auctioned, from June 1st through June 6th?\n A. harmonica, table, sundial, lamp, vase, mirror\n B. lamp, harmonica, sundial, mirror, vase, table\n C. harmonica, sundial, table, mirror, lamp, vase\n D. sundial, mirror, harmonica, table, vase, lamp\n E. vase, sundial, lamp, harmonica, table, mirror\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate list of the six antiques, in the order in which they are auctioned, from June 1st through June 6th?\n A. harmonica, table, sundial, lamp, vase, mirror\n B. lamp, harmonica, sundial, mirror, vase, table\n C. harmonica, sundial, table, mirror, lamp, vase\n D. sundial, mirror, harmonica, table, vase, lamp\n E. vase, sundial, lamp, harmonica, table, mirror\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate list of the six antiques, in the order in which they are auctioned, from June 1st through June 6th?\n A. harmonica, table, sundial, lamp, vase, mirror\n B. lamp, harmonica, sundial, mirror, vase, table\n C. harmonica, sundial, table, mirror, lamp, vase\n D. sundial, mirror, harmonica, table, vase, lamp\n E. vase, sundial, lamp, harmonica, table, mirror\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During the weeklong grand opening of a new antique shop, the antique dealer will auction exactly one antique per day for six consecutive days\u2014June 1st through June 6th. The antiques to be auctioned are: a harmonica, a lamp, a mirror, a sundial, a table, and a vase. The following conditions apply: The sundial is not auctioned on June 1st. If the harmonica is auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp, then the mirror is also auctioned on an earlier date than the lamp. The sundial is auctioned on an earlier date than the mirror and also on an earlier date than the vase. The table is auctioned on an earlier date than the harmonica or on an earlier date than the vase, but not both.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be an accurate list of the six antiques, in the order in which they are auctioned, from June 1st through June 6th?\n A. harmonica, table, sundial, lamp, vase, mirror\n B. lamp, harmonica, sundial, mirror, vase, table\n C. harmonica, sundial, table, mirror, lamp, vase\n D. sundial, mirror, harmonica, table, vase, lamp\n E. vase, sundial, lamp, harmonica, table, mirror\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:195"}
{"index": 88, "query": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: What is the minimum number of solos in which Wayne performs a traditional piece?\n A. zero\n B. one\n C. two\n D. three\n E. four\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: What is the minimum number of solos in which Wayne performs a traditional piece?\n A. zero\n B. one\n C. two\n D. three\n E. four\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: What is the minimum number of solos in which Wayne performs a traditional piece?\n A. zero\n B. one\n C. two\n D. three\n E. four\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: What is the minimum number of solos in which Wayne performs a traditional piece?\n A. zero\n B. one\n C. two\n D. three\n E. four\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 194, "query": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following students CANNOT be assigned to 1922?\n A. Louis\n B. Mollie\n C. Onyx\n D. Ryan\n E. Yoshio\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following students CANNOT be assigned to 1922?\n A. Louis\n B. Mollie\n C. Onyx\n D. Ryan\n E. Yoshio\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following students CANNOT be assigned to 1922?\n A. Louis\n B. Mollie\n C. Onyx\n D. Ryan\n E. Yoshio\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Four students will be assigned to a history project in which they will search archives from the years 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. Each of the four years will have exactly one student assigned to it. Six students\u2014Louis, Mollie, Onyx, Ryan, Tiffany, and Yoshio\u2014are available for this project. The following conditions apply: Only Louis or Tiffany can be assigned to 1923. If Mollie is assigned to the project, then she must be assigned to either 1921 or 1922. If Tiffany is assigned to the project, then Ryan must be assigned to the project. If Ryan is assigned to the project, then Onyx must be assigned to the year immediately prior to Ryan's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following students CANNOT be assigned to 1922?\n A. Louis\n B. Mollie\n C. Onyx\n D. Ryan\n E. Yoshio\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:194"}
{"index": 185, "query": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is the project leader and Wells is a project member, then the third project member must be either\n A. Quinn or Smith\n B. Quinn or Xue\n C. Ruiz or Verma\n D. Smith or Xue\n E. Verma or Xue\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is the project leader and Wells is a project member, then the third project member must be either\n A. Quinn or Smith\n B. Quinn or Xue\n C. Ruiz or Verma\n D. Smith or Xue\n E. Verma or Xue\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is the project leader and Wells is a project member, then the third project member must be either\n A. Quinn or Smith\n B. Quinn or Xue\n C. Ruiz or Verma\n D. Smith or Xue\n E. Verma or Xue\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is the project leader and Wells is a project member, then the third project member must be either\n A. Quinn or Smith\n B. Quinn or Xue\n C. Ruiz or Verma\n D. Smith or Xue\n E. Verma or Xue\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:185"}
{"index": 166, "query": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited immediately before Quinn, which one of the following must have been recruited sixth?\n A. Quinn\n B. Rovero\n C. Stanton\n D. Villas\n E. White\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited immediately before Quinn, which one of the following must have been recruited sixth?\n A. Quinn\n B. Rovero\n C. Stanton\n D. Villas\n E. White\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited immediately before Quinn, which one of the following must have been recruited sixth?\n A. Quinn\n B. Rovero\n C. Stanton\n D. Villas\n E. White\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A detective is trying to determine the order in which a criminal recruited seven accomplices\u2014Peters, Quinn, Rovero, Stanton, Tao, Villas, and White. In addition to discovering that the suspect recruited the accomplices one at a time, the detective has established the following: Stanton was recruited neither immediately before nor immediately after Tao. Quinn was recruited earlier than Rovero. Villas was recruited immediately before White. Peters was recruited fourth.\nQuestion: If White was recruited immediately before Quinn, which one of the following must have been recruited sixth?\n A. Quinn\n B. Rovero\n C. Stanton\n D. Villas\n E. White\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:166"}
{"index": 79, "query": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: If the shoe store is in space 4, which one of the following must be true?\n A. The optometrist is next to a restaurant.\n B. The pharmacy is next to the veterinarian.\n C. A restaurant is next to the toy store.\n D. The shoe store is next to the toy store.\n E. The shoe store is next to the veterinarian.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: If the shoe store is in space 4, which one of the following must be true?\n A. The optometrist is next to a restaurant.\n B. The pharmacy is next to the veterinarian.\n C. A restaurant is next to the toy store.\n D. The shoe store is next to the toy store.\n E. The shoe store is next to the veterinarian.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: If the shoe store is in space 4, which one of the following must be true?\n A. The optometrist is next to a restaurant.\n B. The pharmacy is next to the veterinarian.\n C. A restaurant is next to the toy store.\n D. The shoe store is next to the toy store.\n E. The shoe store is next to the veterinarian.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: If the shoe store is in space 4, which one of the following must be true?\n A. The optometrist is next to a restaurant.\n B. The pharmacy is next to the veterinarian.\n C. A restaurant is next to the toy store.\n D. The shoe store is next to the toy store.\n E. The shoe store is next to the veterinarian.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:79"}
{"index": 41, "query": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If one kind of cookie's first batch is made on the same day as another kind of cookie's third batch, then which one of the following could be false?\n A. At least one batch of cookies is made on each of the five days.\n B. At least two batches of cookies are made on Wednesday.\n C. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Monday.\n D. Exactly two batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n E. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Friday.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If one kind of cookie's first batch is made on the same day as another kind of cookie's third batch, then which one of the following could be false?\n A. At least one batch of cookies is made on each of the five days.\n B. At least two batches of cookies are made on Wednesday.\n C. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Monday.\n D. Exactly two batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n E. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Friday.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If one kind of cookie's first batch is made on the same day as another kind of cookie's third batch, then which one of the following could be false?\n A. At least one batch of cookies is made on each of the five days.\n B. At least two batches of cookies are made on Wednesday.\n C. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Monday.\n D. Exactly two batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n E. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Friday.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If one kind of cookie's first batch is made on the same day as another kind of cookie's third batch, then which one of the following could be false?\n A. At least one batch of cookies is made on each of the five days.\n B. At least two batches of cookies are made on Wednesday.\n C. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Monday.\n D. Exactly two batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n E. Exactly one batch of cookies is made on Friday.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:41"}
{"index": 171, "query": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Gagnon.\n C. Exactly one photograph in the Metro section is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Hue.\n E. Neither photograph in the Sports section is by Hue.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Gagnon.\n C. Exactly one photograph in the Metro section is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Hue.\n E. Neither photograph in the Sports section is by Hue.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Gagnon.\n C. Exactly one photograph in the Metro section is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Hue.\n E. Neither photograph in the Sports section is by Hue.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In the Lifestyle, Metro, and Sports sections of tomorrow's newspaper, a total of six different photographs are to appear, exactly two photographs per section. Each of the available photographs was taken by one of three photographers: Fuentes, Gagnon, and Hue. Selection of the photographs is constrained by the following conditions: For each photographer, at least one but no more than three of that photographers photographs must appear. At least one photograph in the Lifestyle section must be by a photographer who has at least one photograph in the Metro section. The number of Hue's photographs in the Lifestyle section must be the same as the number of Fuentes photographs in the Sports section. None of Gagnon's photographs can be in the Sports section.\nQuestion: If one photograph in the Lifestyle section is by Fuentes and one is by Hue, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Fuentes.\n B. Both photographs in the Metro section are by Gagnon.\n C. Exactly one photograph in the Metro section is by Hue.\n D. Both photographs in the Sports section are by Hue.\n E. Neither photograph in the Sports section is by Hue.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:171"}
{"index": 205, "query": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Yoshida's audition could be\n A. fifth\n B. fourth\n C. third\n D. second\n E. first\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Yoshida's audition could be\n A. fifth\n B. fourth\n C. third\n D. second\n E. first\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Yoshida's audition could be\n A. fifth\n B. fourth\n C. third\n D. second\n E. first\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A chorus director is planning to audition exactly six singers: Kammer, Lugo, Trillo, Waite, Yoshida, and Zinn. Kammer's audition and Lugo's audition will be recorded; the other four will not be. The six auditions are to take place one after the other on a single day, in accordance with the following conditions: The fourth audition cannot be recorded. The fifth audition must be recorded. Waite's audition must take place earlier than the two recorded auditions. Kammer's audition must take place earlier than Trillo's audition. Zinn's audition must take place earlier than Yoshida's audition.\nQuestion: Yoshida's audition could be\n A. fifth\n B. fourth\n C. third\n D. second\n E. first\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:205"}
{"index": 75, "query": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order of the businesses in spaces 1 through 7 respectively?\n A. pharmacy, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, veterinarian, toy store, restaurant\n B. pharmacy, veterinarian, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, toy store, restaurant\n C. restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy, optometrist, toy store, restaurant\n D. restaurant, toy store, optometrist, restaurant, veterinarian, shoe store, pharmacy\n E. restaurant, optometrist, toy store, restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order of the businesses in spaces 1 through 7 respectively?\n A. pharmacy, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, veterinarian, toy store, restaurant\n B. pharmacy, veterinarian, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, toy store, restaurant\n C. restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy, optometrist, toy store, restaurant\n D. restaurant, toy store, optometrist, restaurant, veterinarian, shoe store, pharmacy\n E. restaurant, optometrist, toy store, restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order of the businesses in spaces 1 through 7 respectively?\n A. pharmacy, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, veterinarian, toy store, restaurant\n B. pharmacy, veterinarian, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, toy store, restaurant\n C. restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy, optometrist, toy store, restaurant\n D. restaurant, toy store, optometrist, restaurant, veterinarian, shoe store, pharmacy\n E. restaurant, optometrist, toy store, restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A shopping center has exactly seven spaces\u2014space 1 through space 7\u2014arranged in a straight row. Seven businesses\u2014an optometrist, a pharmacy, two restaurants, a shoe store, a toy store, and a veterinarian\u2014will be located in the shopping center, one in each space. The locations of the businesses are subject to the following constraints: The pharmacy must be at one end of the row and one of the restaurants at the other. The two restaurants must be separated by at least two other businesses. The pharmacy must be next to either the optometrist or the veterinarian. The toy store cannot be next to the veterinarian.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order of the businesses in spaces 1 through 7 respectively?\n A. pharmacy, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, veterinarian, toy store, restaurant\n B. pharmacy, veterinarian, optometrist, shoe store, restaurant, toy store, restaurant\n C. restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy, optometrist, toy store, restaurant\n D. restaurant, toy store, optometrist, restaurant, veterinarian, shoe store, pharmacy\n E. restaurant, optometrist, toy store, restaurant, shoe store, veterinarian, pharmacy\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:75"}
{"index": 92, "query": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order, from first through seventh, in which the realtor shows the houses?\n A. K, 0, L, M, N, J, P\n B. N, L, P, K, M, 0, J\n C. 0, P, K, L, N, M, J\n D. 0, P, M, N, K, L, J\n E. P, 0, K, J, L, N, M\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order, from first through seventh, in which the realtor shows the houses?\n A. K, 0, L, M, N, J, P\n B. N, L, P, K, M, 0, J\n C. 0, P, K, L, N, M, J\n D. 0, P, M, N, K, L, J\n E. P, 0, K, J, L, N, M\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order, from first through seventh, in which the realtor shows the houses?\n A. K, 0, L, M, N, J, P\n B. N, L, P, K, M, 0, J\n C. 0, P, K, L, N, M, J\n D. 0, P, M, N, K, L, J\n E. P, 0, K, J, L, N, M\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A realtor will show a prospective buyer seven houses\u2014J, K, L, M, N, 0, and P\u2014during a single day. The first and second houses to be shown will be shown in the morning; the third, fourth, and fifth houses to be shown will be shown in the afternoon; the sixth and seventh houses to be shown will be shown in the evening. The houses will be shown according to the following rules: J must be shown in the evening. K cannot be shown in the morning. L must be shown at some time after K is shown and at some time before M is shown.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be the order, from first through seventh, in which the realtor shows the houses?\n A. K, 0, L, M, N, J, P\n B. N, L, P, K, M, 0, J\n C. 0, P, K, L, N, M, J\n D. 0, P, M, N, K, L, J\n E. P, 0, K, J, L, N, M\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:92"}
{"index": 19, "query": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 2, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Manx are featured on day 3.\n B. Siamese are featured on day 4.\n C. Rottweilers are featured on day 5.\n D. Himalayans are featured on day 6.\n E. Greyhounds are featured on day 7.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 2, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Manx are featured on day 3.\n B. Siamese are featured on day 4.\n C. Rottweilers are featured on day 5.\n D. Himalayans are featured on day 6.\n E. Greyhounds are featured on day 7.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 2, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Manx are featured on day 3.\n B. Siamese are featured on day 4.\n C. Rottweilers are featured on day 5.\n D. Himalayans are featured on day 6.\n E. Greyhounds are featured on day 7.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On each of exactly seven consecutive days (day 1 though day 7), a pet shop features exactly one of three breeds of kitten\u2014Himalayan, Manx, Siamese\u2014and exactly one of three breeds of puppy\u2014Greyhound, Newfoundland, Rottweiler. The following conditions must apply: Greyhounds are featured on day 1. No breed is featured on any two consecutive days. Any breed featured on day 1 is not featured on day 7. Himalayans are featured on exactly three days, but not on day 1. Rottweilers are not featured on day 7, nor on any day that features Himalayans.\nQuestion: If Himalayans are not featured on day 2, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Manx are featured on day 3.\n B. Siamese are featured on day 4.\n C. Rottweilers are featured on day 5.\n D. Himalayans are featured on day 6.\n E. Greyhounds are featured on day 7.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:19"}
{"index": 229, "query": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Lynch Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Yates House.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Lynch Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Yates House.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Lynch Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Yates House.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Three real estate companies\u2014RealProp, Southco, and Trustcorp\u2014are considering trading buildings with one another. Each building they own is categorized as either class 1, class 2, or class 3, depending on its approximate value: RealProp owns the Garza Tower (class 1), the Yates House (class 3), and the Zimmer House (class 3). Southco owns the Flores Tower (class 1) and the Lynch Building (class 2). Trustcorp owns the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building, all of which are class 2. Each trade must be of exactly one of the following three kinds: Trading one building for one other building of the same class Trading one class 1 building for two class 2 buildings Trading one class 2 building for two class 3 buildings\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true, no matter how many trades are made?\n A. The buildings owned by RealProp are the Lynch Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n B. The buildings owned by Southco are the Garza Tower and the Meyer Building.\n C. The buildings owned by Southco are the King Building, the Meyer Building, and the Ortiz Building.\n D. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Flores Tower and the Yates House.\n E. The buildings owned by Trustcorp are the Garza Tower and the Lynch Building.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:229"}
{"index": 37, "query": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: How many of the days, Monday through Friday, are such that at most two batches of cookies could be made on that day?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: How many of the days, Monday through Friday, are such that at most two batches of cookies could be made on that day?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: How many of the days, Monday through Friday, are such that at most two batches of cookies could be made on that day?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: How many of the days, Monday through Friday, are such that at most two batches of cookies could be made on that day?\n A. one\n B. two\n C. three\n D. four\n E. five\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 70, "query": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could he an accurate assignment of lab assistants to morning and afternoon sessions, respectively, on the three days?\n A. Wednesday: Rebecca, Kevin Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Nessa, Olivia\n B. Wednesday: Olivia, Nessa Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Kevin, Rebecca\n C. Wednesday: Lan, Kevin Thursday: Rebecca, Julio Friday: Olivia, Nessa\n D. Wednesday: Kevin, Rebecca Thursday: Julio, Nessa Friday: Olivia, Lan\n E. Wednesday: Julio, Lan Thursday: Olivia, Nessa Friday: Rebecca, Kevin\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could he an accurate assignment of lab assistants to morning and afternoon sessions, respectively, on the three days?\n A. Wednesday: Rebecca, Kevin Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Nessa, Olivia\n B. Wednesday: Olivia, Nessa Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Kevin, Rebecca\n C. Wednesday: Lan, Kevin Thursday: Rebecca, Julio Friday: Olivia, Nessa\n D. Wednesday: Kevin, Rebecca Thursday: Julio, Nessa Friday: Olivia, Lan\n E. Wednesday: Julio, Lan Thursday: Olivia, Nessa Friday: Rebecca, Kevin\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could he an accurate assignment of lab assistants to morning and afternoon sessions, respectively, on the three days?\n A. Wednesday: Rebecca, Kevin Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Nessa, Olivia\n B. Wednesday: Olivia, Nessa Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Kevin, Rebecca\n C. Wednesday: Lan, Kevin Thursday: Rebecca, Julio Friday: Olivia, Nessa\n D. Wednesday: Kevin, Rebecca Thursday: Julio, Nessa Friday: Olivia, Lan\n E. Wednesday: Julio, Lan Thursday: Olivia, Nessa Friday: Rebecca, Kevin\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A chemistry class has six lab sessions scheduled over three days\u2014Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday\u2014one session heing held each morning and one each afternoon. Each session will be led by a different lab assistant\u2014Julio, Kevin, Lan, Nessa, Olivia, or Rebecca. The assignment of lab assistants to sessions is constrained as follows: Kevin and Rebecca must lead sessions that meet on the same day. Lan and Olivia cannot lead sessions that meet on the same day. Nessa must lead an afternoon session. Julio's session must meet on an earlier day of the week than Olivia's.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could he an accurate assignment of lab assistants to morning and afternoon sessions, respectively, on the three days?\n A. Wednesday: Rebecca, Kevin Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Nessa, Olivia\n B. Wednesday: Olivia, Nessa Thursday: Julio, Lan Friday: Kevin, Rebecca\n C. Wednesday: Lan, Kevin Thursday: Rebecca, Julio Friday: Olivia, Nessa\n D. Wednesday: Kevin, Rebecca Thursday: Julio, Nessa Friday: Olivia, Lan\n E. Wednesday: Julio, Lan Thursday: Olivia, Nessa Friday: Rebecca, Kevin\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:70"}
{"index": 187, "query": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is not a project member, which one of the following workers must be a project member?\n A. Quinn\n B. Ruiz\n C. Verma\n D. Wells\n E. Xue\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is not a project member, which one of the following workers must be a project member?\n A. Quinn\n B. Ruiz\n C. Verma\n D. Wells\n E. Xue\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is not a project member, which one of the following workers must be a project member?\n A. Quinn\n B. Ruiz\n C. Verma\n D. Wells\n E. Xue\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Seven workers\u2014Quinn, Ruiz, Smith, Taylor, Verma, Wells, and Xue\u2014are being considered for a special project. Exactly three of the workers will be selected to be project members, and exactly one of these project members will be the project leader. The selection is subject to the following constraints: Quinn or Ruiz can be a project member only if leading the project. If Smith is a project member, Taylor must also be. If Wells is a project member, neither Ruiz nor Verma can be.\nQuestion: If Taylor is not a project member, which one of the following workers must be a project member?\n A. Quinn\n B. Ruiz\n C. Verma\n D. Wells\n E. Xue\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:187"}
{"index": 176, "query": "Exactly five students\u2014Grecia, Hakeem, Joe, Katya, and Louise\u2014are to work at a campus art gallery during a special exhibit that runs for exactly five days, Monday through Friday. Each day is divided into two nonoverlapping shifts\u2014first and second\u2014with each student working exactly two shifts. Each shift is worked by exactly one of the students according to the following scheduling restrictions: No student works both shifts of any day. On two consecutive days, Louise works the second shift. On two nonconsecutive days, Grecia works the first shift. Katya works on Tuesday and Friday. Hakeem and Joe work on the same day as each other at least once. Grecia and Louise never work on the same day as each other.\nQuestion: If Hakeem works at the gallery on Wednesday, then Joe must work at the gallery on which one of the following pairs of days?\n A. Monday and Wednesday\n B. Monday and Thursday\n C. Tuesday and Wednesday\n D. Tuesday and Thursday\n E. Wednesday and Thursday\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Exactly five students\u2014Grecia, Hakeem, Joe, Katya, and Louise\u2014are to work at a campus art gallery during a special exhibit that runs for exactly five days, Monday through Friday. Each day is divided into two nonoverlapping shifts\u2014first and second\u2014with each student working exactly two shifts. Each shift is worked by exactly one of the students according to the following scheduling restrictions: No student works both shifts of any day. On two consecutive days, Louise works the second shift. On two nonconsecutive days, Grecia works the first shift. Katya works on Tuesday and Friday. Hakeem and Joe work on the same day as each other at least once. Grecia and Louise never work on the same day as each other.\nQuestion: If Hakeem works at the gallery on Wednesday, then Joe must work at the gallery on which one of the following pairs of days?\n A. Monday and Wednesday\n B. Monday and Thursday\n C. Tuesday and Wednesday\n D. Tuesday and Thursday\n E. Wednesday and Thursday\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five students\u2014Grecia, Hakeem, Joe, Katya, and Louise\u2014are to work at a campus art gallery during a special exhibit that runs for exactly five days, Monday through Friday. Each day is divided into two nonoverlapping shifts\u2014first and second\u2014with each student working exactly two shifts. Each shift is worked by exactly one of the students according to the following scheduling restrictions: No student works both shifts of any day. On two consecutive days, Louise works the second shift. On two nonconsecutive days, Grecia works the first shift. Katya works on Tuesday and Friday. Hakeem and Joe work on the same day as each other at least once. Grecia and Louise never work on the same day as each other.\nQuestion: If Hakeem works at the gallery on Wednesday, then Joe must work at the gallery on which one of the following pairs of days?\n A. Monday and Wednesday\n B. Monday and Thursday\n C. Tuesday and Wednesday\n D. Tuesday and Thursday\n E. Wednesday and Thursday\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five students\u2014Grecia, Hakeem, Joe, Katya, and Louise\u2014are to work at a campus art gallery during a special exhibit that runs for exactly five days, Monday through Friday. Each day is divided into two nonoverlapping shifts\u2014first and second\u2014with each student working exactly two shifts. Each shift is worked by exactly one of the students according to the following scheduling restrictions: No student works both shifts of any day. On two consecutive days, Louise works the second shift. On two nonconsecutive days, Grecia works the first shift. Katya works on Tuesday and Friday. Hakeem and Joe work on the same day as each other at least once. Grecia and Louise never work on the same day as each other.\nQuestion: If Hakeem works at the gallery on Wednesday, then Joe must work at the gallery on which one of the following pairs of days?\n A. Monday and Wednesday\n B. Monday and Thursday\n C. Tuesday and Wednesday\n D. Tuesday and Thursday\n E. Wednesday and Thursday\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:176"}
{"index": 143, "query": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable ordering of the lectures, from first to fourth?\n A. Farley: sculptures; Holden: lithographs; Garcia: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors\n B. Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Holden: sculptures; Garcia: lithographs\n C. Garcia: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: lithographs\n D. Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors; Farley: lithographs; Garcia: sculptures\n E. Holden: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Garcia: lithographs\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable ordering of the lectures, from first to fourth?\n A. Farley: sculptures; Holden: lithographs; Garcia: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors\n B. Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Holden: sculptures; Garcia: lithographs\n C. Garcia: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: lithographs\n D. Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors; Farley: lithographs; Garcia: sculptures\n E. Holden: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Garcia: lithographs\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable ordering of the lectures, from first to fourth?\n A. Farley: sculptures; Holden: lithographs; Garcia: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors\n B. Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Holden: sculptures; Garcia: lithographs\n C. Garcia: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: lithographs\n D. Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors; Farley: lithographs; Garcia: sculptures\n E. Holden: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Garcia: lithographs\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Four art historians\u2014Farley, Garcia, Holden, and Jiang\u2014will give a series of four public lectures, each lecture on a different topic\u2014lithographs, oil paintings, sculptures, and watercolors. The lectures will be given one at a time, with each art historian giving a lecture on a different one of the topics. The schedule of the lectures is subject to the following constraints: The oil paintings lecture and the watercolors lecture must both be earlier than the lithographs lecture. Farley's lecture must be earlier than the oil paintings lecture. Holden's lecture must be earlier than both Garcia's lecture and Jiang's lecture.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an acceptable ordering of the lectures, from first to fourth?\n A. Farley: sculptures; Holden: lithographs; Garcia: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors\n B. Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Holden: sculptures; Garcia: lithographs\n C. Garcia: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: lithographs\n D. Holden: oil paintings; Jiang: watercolors; Farley: lithographs; Garcia: sculptures\n E. Holden: sculptures; Farley: watercolors; Jiang: oil paintings; Garcia: lithographs\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:143"}
{"index": 222, "query": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Franz's oil is displayed on wall 1, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Franz's watercolor is displayed on wall 4.\n B. Greene's oil is displayed on wall 2.\n C. Greene's watercolor is displayed on wall 2.\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor is displayed on wall 3.\n E. Isaacs's oil is displayed on wall 1.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Franz's oil is displayed on wall 1, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Franz's watercolor is displayed on wall 4.\n B. Greene's oil is displayed on wall 2.\n C. Greene's watercolor is displayed on wall 2.\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor is displayed on wall 3.\n E. Isaacs's oil is displayed on wall 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Franz's oil is displayed on wall 1, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Franz's watercolor is displayed on wall 4.\n B. Greene's oil is displayed on wall 2.\n C. Greene's watercolor is displayed on wall 2.\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor is displayed on wall 3.\n E. Isaacs's oil is displayed on wall 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At an upcoming exhibition, four art students\u2014Franz, Greene, Hidalgo, and Isaacs\u2014will each display exactly two paintings\u2014an oil and a watercolor. Exactly two paintings will be displayed on each of the walls of the exhibition room\u2014walls 1, 2, 3, and 4\u2014with one painting in the upper position and one in the lower position. The following conditions will apply: No wall has only watercolors displayed on it. No wall has the work of only one student displayed on it. No wall has both a painting by Franz and a painting by Isaacs displayed on it. Greene's watercolor is displayed in the upper position of the wall on which Franz's oil is displayed. Isaacs's oil is displayed in the lower position of wall 4.\nQuestion: If Franz's oil is displayed on wall 1, which one of the following could be true?\n A. Franz's watercolor is displayed on wall 4.\n B. Greene's oil is displayed on wall 2.\n C. Greene's watercolor is displayed on wall 2.\n D. Hidalgo's watercolor is displayed on wall 3.\n E. Isaacs's oil is displayed on wall 1.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:222"}
{"index": 89, "query": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the pianist who performs the first solo also performs the second solo, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Zara performs the first solo.\n B. Wayne performs the third solo.\n C. Zara performs the fifth solo.\n D. The second solo is a traditional piece.\n E. The fourth solo is a modem piece.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the pianist who performs the first solo also performs the second solo, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Zara performs the first solo.\n B. Wayne performs the third solo.\n C. Zara performs the fifth solo.\n D. The second solo is a traditional piece.\n E. The fourth solo is a modem piece.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the pianist who performs the first solo also performs the second solo, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Zara performs the first solo.\n B. Wayne performs the third solo.\n C. Zara performs the fifth solo.\n D. The second solo is a traditional piece.\n E. The fourth solo is a modem piece.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: If the pianist who performs the first solo also performs the second solo, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Zara performs the first solo.\n B. Wayne performs the third solo.\n C. Zara performs the fifth solo.\n D. The second solo is a traditional piece.\n E. The fourth solo is a modem piece.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:89"}
{"index": 39, "query": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If no batch of cookies is made on Wednesday, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n B. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Friday.\n C. At least two batches of cookies are made on Monday.\n D. At least two batches of cookies are made on Thursday.\n E. Fewer batches of cookies are made on Monday than on Tuesday.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If no batch of cookies is made on Wednesday, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n B. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Friday.\n C. At least two batches of cookies are made on Monday.\n D. At least two batches of cookies are made on Thursday.\n E. Fewer batches of cookies are made on Monday than on Tuesday.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If no batch of cookies is made on Wednesday, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n B. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Friday.\n C. At least two batches of cookies are made on Monday.\n D. At least two batches of cookies are made on Thursday.\n E. Fewer batches of cookies are made on Monday than on Tuesday.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A bakery makes exactly three kinds of cookie\u2014oatmeal, peanut butter, and sugar. Exactly three batches of each kind of cookie are made each week (Monday through Friday) and each batch is made, from start to finish, on a single day. The following conditions apply: No two batches of the same kind of cookie are made on the same day. At least one batch of cookies is made on Monday. The second batch of oatmeal cookies is made on the same day as the first batch of peanut butter cookies. The second batch of sugar cookies is made on Thursday.\nQuestion: If no batch of cookies is made on Wednesday, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Tuesday.\n B. Exactly three batches of cookies are made on Friday.\n C. At least two batches of cookies are made on Monday.\n D. At least two batches of cookies are made on Thursday.\n E. Fewer batches of cookies are made on Monday than on Tuesday.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:39"}
{"index": 128, "query": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 2 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the sci-fi film, the western\n D. the western, the horror film\n E. the western, the mystery\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 2 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the sci-fi film, the western\n D. the western, the horror film\n E. the western, the mystery\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 2 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the sci-fi film, the western\n D. the western, the horror film\n E. the western, the mystery\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 2 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the sci-fi film, the western\n D. the western, the horror film\n E. the western, the mystery\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:128"}
{"index": 98, "query": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday.\n B. Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Iturbe.\n C. Garcia and Hong are both scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n D. Garcia is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday and Hong is one of two witnesses scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n E. Jackson is scheduled to testify on Tuesday and two witnesses are scheduled to testify on Monday.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday.\n B. Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Iturbe.\n C. Garcia and Hong are both scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n D. Garcia is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday and Hong is one of two witnesses scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n E. Jackson is scheduled to testify on Tuesday and two witnesses are scheduled to testify on Monday.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday.\n B. Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Iturbe.\n C. Garcia and Hong are both scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n D. Garcia is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday and Hong is one of two witnesses scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n E. Jackson is scheduled to testify on Tuesday and two witnesses are scheduled to testify on Monday.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five witnesses\u2014Franco, Garcia, Hong, Iturbe, and Jackson\u2014are to be scheduled to testify at a hearing that is to take exactly three days of one week\u2014Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Each witness testifies on exactly one day of the hearing. The schedule must meet the following conditions: Franco does not testify on the same day that Garcia testifies. Iturbe testifies on Wednesday. Exactly two witnesses testify on Tuesday. Hong does not testify on Monday. At least one witness testifies on Monday.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be true of the schedule?\n A. Franco is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday.\n B. Franco is scheduled to testify on the same day as Iturbe.\n C. Garcia and Hong are both scheduled to testify on Tuesday.\n D. Garcia is the only witness scheduled to testify on Monday and Hong is one of two witnesses scheduled to testify on Wednesday.\n E. Jackson is scheduled to testify on Tuesday and two witnesses are scheduled to testify on Monday.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:98"}
{"index": 87, "query": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be all of the solos that are traditional pieces?\n A. the first, third, and fourth\n B. the second, third, and fourth\n C. the third and fourth\n D. the third and fifth\n E. the fourth and fifth\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be all of the solos that are traditional pieces?\n A. the first, third, and fourth\n B. the second, third, and fourth\n C. the third and fourth\n D. the third and fifth\n E. the fourth and fifth\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be all of the solos that are traditional pieces?\n A. the first, third, and fourth\n B. the second, third, and fourth\n C. the third and fourth\n D. the third and fifth\n E. the fourth and fifth\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During a recital, two pianists\u2014Wayne and Zara\u2014will perform solos. There will be five solos altogether, performed one immediately after another. Each solo will be either a modern piece or a traditional piece. The choice of pianist and type of piece for the solos must conform to the following conditions: The third solo is a traditional piece. Exactly two of the traditional pieces are performed consecutively. In the fourth solo, either Wayne performs a traditional piece or Zara performs a modern piece. The pianist who performs the second solo does not perform the fifth solo. No traditional piece is performed until Wayne performs at least one modem piece.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be all of the solos that are traditional pieces?\n A. the first, third, and fourth\n B. the second, third, and fourth\n C. the third and fourth\n D. the third and fifth\n E. the fourth and fifth\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:87"}
{"index": 131, "query": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 1 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the western, the horror film\n D. the western, the mystery\n E. the western, the sci-fi film\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 1 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the western, the horror film\n D. the western, the mystery\n E. the western, the sci-fi film\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 1 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the western, the horror film\n D. the western, the mystery\n E. the western, the sci-fi film\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Exactly five movies are showing at the repertory theater this evening: a horror film, a mystery, a romance, a sci-fi film, and a western. Each movie is shown exactly once, on one of the theater's three screens: screens 1, 2, and 3. Screens 1 and 2 show two movies each, one beginning at 7 P.M. and the other at 9 P.M.; screen 3 shows exactly one movie, at 8 P.M. The following conditions apply to this evening's schedule: The western begins at some time before the horror film does. The sci-fi film is not shown on screen 3. The romance is not shown on screen 2. The horror film and the mystery are shown on different screens.\nQuestion: Which one of the following CANNOT be an accurate list of the movies scheduled to be shown on screen 1 this evening, listing the 7 P.M. movie first?\n A. the sci-fi film, the horror film\n B. the sci-fi film, the mystery\n C. the western, the horror film\n D. the western, the mystery\n E. the western, the sci-fi film\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:131"}
{"index": 63, "query": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: If Theresa tests J on the first day, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests H on the first day.\n C. Yuki tests H on the second day.\n D. Seamus is one of the testers for J.\n E. Theresa is one of the testers for G.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: If Theresa tests J on the first day, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests H on the first day.\n C. Yuki tests H on the second day.\n D. Seamus is one of the testers for J.\n E. Theresa is one of the testers for G.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: If Theresa tests J on the first day, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests H on the first day.\n C. Yuki tests H on the second day.\n D. Seamus is one of the testers for J.\n E. Theresa is one of the testers for G.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On the first day of a two-day study for a cycling magazine, four riders\u2014Reynaldo, Seamus, Theresa, and Yuki\u2014will each test one of four bicycles\u2014F, G, H, and J. Each rider will then test a different one of the bicycles on the second day. Each rider tests only one bicycle per day, and all four bicycles are tested each day. The assignment of riders to bicycles is subject to the following conditions: Reynaldo cannot test F. Yuki cannot test J. Theresa must be one of the testers for H. The bicycle that Yuki tests on the first day must be tested by Seamus on the second day.\nQuestion: If Theresa tests J on the first day, then which one of the following could be true?\n A. Reynaldo tests G on the second day.\n B. Seamus tests H on the first day.\n C. Yuki tests H on the second day.\n D. Seamus is one of the testers for J.\n E. Theresa is one of the testers for G.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-ar::retrieval:63"}
{"index": 285, "query": "Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?\n A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.\n B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.\n C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.\n D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.\n E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?\n A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.\n B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.\n C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.\n D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.\n E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?\n A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.\n B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.\n C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.\n D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.\n E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?\n A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.\n B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.\n C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.\n D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.\n E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:285"}
{"index": 42, "query": "The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.\nQuestion: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?\n A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.\n B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.\n C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.\n D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.\n E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.\nQuestion: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?\n A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.\n B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.\n C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.\n D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.\n E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.\nQuestion: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?\n A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.\n B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.\n C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.\n D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.\n E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.\nQuestion: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?\n A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.\n B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.\n C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.\n D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.\n E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:42"}
{"index": 330, "query": "Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.\nQuestion: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?\n A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.\n B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.\n C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.\n D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.\n E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.\nQuestion: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?\n A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.\n B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.\n C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.\n D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.\n E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.\nQuestion: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?\n A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.\n B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.\n C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.\n D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.\n E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.\nQuestion: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?\n A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.\n B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.\n C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.\n D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.\n E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:330"}
{"index": 428, "query": "Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.\nQuestion: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?\n A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.\n C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo\n E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.\nQuestion: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?\n A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.\n C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo\n E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.\nQuestion: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?\n A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.\n C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo\n E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.\nQuestion: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?\n A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.\n C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\n D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo\n E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:428"}
{"index": 244, "query": "Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.\nQuestion: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.\n B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.\n C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.\n D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.\n E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.\nQuestion: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.\n B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.\n C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.\n D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.\n E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.\nQuestion: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.\n B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.\n C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.\n D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.\n E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.\nQuestion: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.\n B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.\n C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.\n D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.\n E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:244"}
{"index": 484, "query": "Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument\n A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation\n B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year\n C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome\n D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community\n E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument\n A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation\n B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year\n C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome\n D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community\n E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument\n A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation\n B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year\n C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome\n D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community\n E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument\n A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation\n B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year\n C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome\n D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community\n E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:484"}
{"index": 88, "query": "Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?\n A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.\n B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.\n C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.\n D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.\n E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?\n A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.\n B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.\n C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.\n D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.\n E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?\n A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.\n B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.\n C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.\n D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.\n E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?\n A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.\n B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.\n C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.\n D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.\n E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 270, "query": "Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?\n A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.\n B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.\n C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.\n D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.\n E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?\n A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.\n B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.\n C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.\n D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.\n E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?\n A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.\n B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.\n C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.\n D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.\n E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?\n A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.\n B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.\n C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.\n D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.\n E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:270"}
{"index": 0, "query": "Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?\n A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.\n B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.\n C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.\n D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.\n E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?\n A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.\n B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.\n C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.\n D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.\n E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?\n A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.\n B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.\n C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.\n D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.\n E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?\n A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.\n B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.\n C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.\n D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.\n E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 190, "query": "Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.\nQuestion: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?\n A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.\n B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.\n C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.\n D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.\n E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.\nQuestion: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?\n A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.\n B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.\n C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.\n D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.\n E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.\nQuestion: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?\n A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.\n B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.\n C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.\n D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.\n E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.\nQuestion: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?\n A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.\n B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.\n C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.\n D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.\n E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:190"}
{"index": 498, "query": "Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?\n A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.\n B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.\n C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.\n D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.\n E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?\n A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.\n B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.\n C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.\n D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.\n E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?\n A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.\n B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.\n C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.\n D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.\n E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?\n A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.\n B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.\n C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.\n D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.\n E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:498"}
{"index": 192, "query": "Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?\n A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.\n B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.\n C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.\n D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.\n E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?\n A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.\n B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.\n C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.\n D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.\n E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?\n A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.\n B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.\n C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.\n D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.\n E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?\n A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.\n B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.\n C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.\n D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.\n E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:192"}
{"index": 291, "query": "Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.\n B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.\n C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.\n D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.\n E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.\n B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.\n C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.\n D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.\n E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.\n B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.\n C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.\n D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.\n E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.\n B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.\n C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.\n D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.\n E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:291"}
{"index": 118, "query": "Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?\n A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.\n B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.\n C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.\n D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.\n E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?\n A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.\n B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.\n C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.\n D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.\n E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?\n A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.\n B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.\n C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.\n D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.\n E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?\n A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.\n B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.\n C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.\n D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.\n E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:118"}
{"index": 33, "query": "High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?\n A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.\n B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart\n C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.\n D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.\n E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?\n A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.\n B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart\n C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.\n D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.\n E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?\n A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.\n B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart\n C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.\n D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.\n E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?\n A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.\n B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart\n C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.\n D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.\n E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:33"}
{"index": 195, "query": "A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?\n A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.\n B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.\n C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.\n D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.\n E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?\n A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.\n B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.\n C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.\n D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.\n E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?\n A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.\n B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.\n C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.\n D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.\n E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?\n A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.\n B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.\n C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.\n D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.\n E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:195"}
{"index": 205, "query": "\"Dumping\" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.\nQuestion: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether\n A. \"production cost\" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold\n B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost\n C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G\n D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost\n E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\"Dumping\" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.\nQuestion: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether\n A. \"production cost\" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold\n B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost\n C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G\n D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost\n E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Dumping\" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.\nQuestion: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether\n A. \"production cost\" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold\n B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost\n C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G\n D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost\n E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Dumping\" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.\nQuestion: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether\n A. \"production cost\" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold\n B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost\n C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G\n D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost\n E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:205"}
{"index": 50, "query": "Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years\u2014only 1 out of 25\u2014than any other detective on the police force.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.\n B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.\n C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.\n D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.\n E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years\u2014only 1 out of 25\u2014than any other detective on the police force.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.\n B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.\n C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.\n D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.\n E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years\u2014only 1 out of 25\u2014than any other detective on the police force.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.\n B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.\n C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.\n D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.\n E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years\u2014only 1 out of 25\u2014than any other detective on the police force.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?\n A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.\n B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.\n C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.\n D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.\n E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 22, "query": "Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.\nQuestion: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?\n A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.\n B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.\n C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.\n D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.\n E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.\nQuestion: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?\n A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.\n B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.\n C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.\n D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.\n E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.\nQuestion: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?\n A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.\n B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.\n C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.\n D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.\n E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.\nQuestion: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?\n A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.\n B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.\n C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.\n D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.\n E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 60, "query": "Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?\n A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.\n B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.\n C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.\n D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.\n E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?\n A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.\n B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.\n C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.\n D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.\n E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?\n A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.\n B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.\n C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.\n D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.\n E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?\n A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.\n B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.\n C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.\n D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.\n E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:60"}
{"index": 392, "query": "Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art\u2014that it represent\u2014abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.\nQuestion: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether\n A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation\n B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent\n C. musicians may reject literal representation\n D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration\n E. abstract art is representational\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art\u2014that it represent\u2014abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.\nQuestion: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether\n A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation\n B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent\n C. musicians may reject literal representation\n D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration\n E. abstract art is representational\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art\u2014that it represent\u2014abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.\nQuestion: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether\n A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation\n B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent\n C. musicians may reject literal representation\n D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration\n E. abstract art is representational\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art\u2014that it represent\u2014abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.\nQuestion: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether\n A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation\n B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent\n C. musicians may reject literal representation\n D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration\n E. abstract art is representational\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:392"}
{"index": 108, "query": "Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased\n B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain\n C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances\n D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported\n E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased\n B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain\n C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances\n D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported\n E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased\n B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain\n C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances\n D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported\n E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased\n B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain\n C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances\n D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported\n E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:108"}
{"index": 499, "query": "Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation\n B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome\n C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature\n D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion\n E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation\n B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome\n C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature\n D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion\n E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation\n B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome\n C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature\n D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion\n E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation\n B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome\n C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature\n D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion\n E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:499"}
{"index": 492, "query": "Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?\n A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.\n B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.\n C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.\n D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.\n E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?\n A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.\n B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.\n C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.\n D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.\n E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?\n A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.\n B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.\n C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.\n D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.\n E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?\n A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.\n B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.\n C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.\n D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.\n E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:492"}
{"index": 210, "query": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength\n B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true\n C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative\n D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea\n E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength\n B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true\n C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative\n D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea\n E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength\n B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true\n C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative\n D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea\n E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength\n B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true\n C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative\n D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea\n E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:210"}
{"index": 25, "query": "Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.\nQuestion: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?\n A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.\n B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.\n C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.\n D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.\n E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.\nQuestion: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?\n A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.\n B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.\n C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.\n D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.\n E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.\nQuestion: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?\n A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.\n B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.\n C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.\n D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.\n E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.\nQuestion: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?\n A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.\n B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.\n C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.\n D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.\n E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 313, "query": "Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.\n B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.\n C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.\n D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.\n E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.\n B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.\n C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.\n D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.\n E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.\n B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.\n C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.\n D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.\n E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.\n B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.\n C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.\n D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.\n E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:313"}
{"index": 14, "query": "Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?\n A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.\n B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.\n C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.\n D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.\n E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?\n A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.\n B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.\n C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.\n D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.\n E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?\n A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.\n B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.\n C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.\n D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.\n E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?\n A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.\n B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.\n C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.\n D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.\n E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:14"}
{"index": 283, "query": "Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?\n A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.\n B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.\n C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.\n D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.\n E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?\n A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.\n B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.\n C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.\n D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.\n E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?\n A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.\n B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.\n C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.\n D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.\n E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?\n A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.\n B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.\n C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.\n D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.\n E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:283"}
{"index": 261, "query": "Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\n B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.\n C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.\n D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.\n E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\n B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.\n C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.\n D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.\n E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\n B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.\n C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.\n D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.\n E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.\n B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.\n C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.\n D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.\n E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:261"}
{"index": 34, "query": "Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life\u2014the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?\n A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.\n B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.\n C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.\n D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.\n E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life\u2014the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?\n A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.\n B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.\n C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.\n D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.\n E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life\u2014the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?\n A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.\n B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.\n C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.\n D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.\n E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life\u2014the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?\n A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.\n B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.\n C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.\n D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.\n E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 398, "query": "Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?\n A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.\n B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.\n C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.\n D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.\n E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?\n A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.\n B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.\n C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.\n D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.\n E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?\n A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.\n B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.\n C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.\n D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.\n E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?\n A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.\n B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.\n C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.\n D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.\n E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:398"}
{"index": 461, "query": "Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.\n B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.\n C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.\n D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.\n E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.\n B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.\n C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.\n D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.\n E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.\n B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.\n C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.\n D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.\n E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.\n B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.\n C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.\n D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.\n E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:461"}
{"index": 99, "query": "Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?\n A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.\n B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.\n C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.\n D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.\n E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?\n A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.\n B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.\n C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.\n D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.\n E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?\n A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.\n B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.\n C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.\n D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.\n E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?\n A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.\n B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.\n C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.\n D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.\n E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:99"}
{"index": 394, "query": "Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?\n A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.\n B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.\n C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.\n D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.\n E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?\n A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.\n B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.\n C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.\n D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.\n E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?\n A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.\n B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.\n C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.\n D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.\n E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?\n A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.\n B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.\n C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.\n D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.\n E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:394"}
{"index": 96, "query": "Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?\n A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.\n B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.\n C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.\n D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.\n E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?\n A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.\n B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.\n C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.\n D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.\n E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?\n A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.\n B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.\n C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.\n D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.\n E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?\n A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.\n B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.\n C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.\n D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.\n E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 13, "query": "City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because\n A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation\n B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city\n C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established\n D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing\n E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because\n A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation\n B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city\n C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established\n D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing\n E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because\n A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation\n B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city\n C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established\n D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing\n E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue\nAnswer:", "full_text": "City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because\n A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation\n B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city\n C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established\n D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing\n E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:13"}
{"index": 362, "query": "Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a \"victim surcharge\" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?\n A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.\n B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.\n C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.\n D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.\n E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a \"victim surcharge\" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?\n A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.\n B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.\n C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.\n D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.\n E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a \"victim surcharge\" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?\n A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.\n B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.\n C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.\n D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.\n E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a \"victim surcharge\" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?\n A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.\n B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.\n C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.\n D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.\n E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:362"}
{"index": 116, "query": "The French novelist Colette (1873\u20131954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?\n A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.\n B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.\n C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.\n D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.\n E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The French novelist Colette (1873\u20131954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?\n A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.\n B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.\n C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.\n D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.\n E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The French novelist Colette (1873\u20131954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?\n A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.\n B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.\n C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.\n D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.\n E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The French novelist Colette (1873\u20131954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?\n A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.\n B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.\n C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.\n D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.\n E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 402, "query": "The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.\n B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.\n C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.\n D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.\n E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.\n B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.\n C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.\n D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.\n E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.\n B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.\n C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.\n D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.\n E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.\n B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.\n C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.\n D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.\n E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:402"}
{"index": 400, "query": "For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.\n B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.\n C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.\n D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.\n E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.\n B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.\n C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.\n D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.\n E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.\n B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.\n C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.\n D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.\n E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?\n A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.\n B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.\n C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.\n D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.\n E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:400"}
{"index": 327, "query": "A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?\n A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.\n B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.\n C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.\n D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.\n E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?\n A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.\n B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.\n C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.\n D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.\n E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?\n A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.\n B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.\n C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.\n D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.\n E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?\n A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.\n B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.\n C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.\n D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.\n E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:327"}
{"index": 203, "query": "Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?\n A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.\n B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.\n C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.\n D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.\n E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?\n A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.\n B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.\n C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.\n D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.\n E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?\n A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.\n B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.\n C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.\n D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.\n E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?\n A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.\n B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.\n C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.\n D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.\n E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:203"}
{"index": 235, "query": "Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?\n A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.\n B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.\n C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.\n D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.\n E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?\n A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.\n B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.\n C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.\n D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.\n E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?\n A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.\n B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.\n C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.\n D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.\n E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?\n A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.\n B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.\n C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.\n D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.\n E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:235"}
{"index": 181, "query": "Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?\n A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.\n B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.\n C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.\n D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.\n E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?\n A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.\n B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.\n C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.\n D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.\n E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?\n A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.\n B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.\n C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.\n D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.\n E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?\n A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.\n B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.\n C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.\n D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.\n E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 266, "query": "In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?\n A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.\n B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.\n C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.\n D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.\n E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?\n A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.\n B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.\n C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.\n D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.\n E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?\n A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.\n B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.\n C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.\n D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.\n E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?\n A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.\n B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.\n C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.\n D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.\n E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:266"}
{"index": 15, "query": "Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.\nQuestion: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?\n A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.\n B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.\n C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.\n D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.\n E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.\nQuestion: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?\n A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.\n B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.\n C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.\n D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.\n E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.\nQuestion: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?\n A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.\n B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.\n C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.\n D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.\n E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.\nQuestion: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?\n A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.\n B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.\n C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.\n D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.\n E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:15"}
{"index": 304, "query": "At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?\n A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.\n B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.\n C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.\n D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.\n E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?\n A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.\n B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.\n C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.\n D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.\n E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?\n A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.\n B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.\n C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.\n D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.\n E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?\n A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.\n B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.\n C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.\n D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.\n E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:304"}
{"index": 56, "query": "Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a \"new, improved\" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?\n A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.\n B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.\n C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.\n D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.\n E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a \"new, improved\" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?\n A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.\n B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.\n C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.\n D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.\n E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a \"new, improved\" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?\n A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.\n B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.\n C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.\n D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.\n E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a \"new, improved\" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?\n A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.\n B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.\n C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.\n D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.\n E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:56"}
{"index": 279, "query": "In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?\n A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.\n B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.\n C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.\n D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.\n E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?\n A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.\n B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.\n C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.\n D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.\n E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?\n A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.\n B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.\n C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.\n D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.\n E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?\n A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.\n B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.\n C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.\n D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.\n E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:279"}
{"index": 101, "query": "Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.\nQuestion: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.\n B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.\n C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.\n D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.\n E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.\nQuestion: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.\n B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.\n C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.\n D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.\n E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.\nQuestion: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.\n B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.\n C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.\n D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.\n E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.\nQuestion: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?\n A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.\n B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.\n C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.\n D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.\n E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 106, "query": "Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.\nQuestion: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that\n A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline\n B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior\n C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs\n D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners\n E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.\nQuestion: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that\n A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline\n B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior\n C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs\n D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners\n E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.\nQuestion: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that\n A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline\n B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior\n C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs\n D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners\n E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.\nQuestion: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that\n A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline\n B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior\n C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs\n D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners\n E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:106"}
{"index": 62, "query": "Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, \"addictive\" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.\nQuestion: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?\n A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.\n B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.\n C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.\n D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.\n E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, \"addictive\" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.\nQuestion: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?\n A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.\n B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.\n C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.\n D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.\n E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, \"addictive\" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.\nQuestion: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?\n A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.\n B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.\n C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.\n D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.\n E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, \"addictive\" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.\nQuestion: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?\n A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.\n B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.\n C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.\n D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.\n E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 124, "query": "Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love \"until death do us part.\" If \"love\" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one\u2014including those making marital vows\u2014should take \"love\" in this context to be referring to feelings.\nQuestion: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. None of our feelings are within our control.\n B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.\n C. \"Love\" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.\n D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.\n E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love \"until death do us part.\" If \"love\" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one\u2014including those making marital vows\u2014should take \"love\" in this context to be referring to feelings.\nQuestion: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. None of our feelings are within our control.\n B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.\n C. \"Love\" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.\n D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.\n E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love \"until death do us part.\" If \"love\" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one\u2014including those making marital vows\u2014should take \"love\" in this context to be referring to feelings.\nQuestion: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. None of our feelings are within our control.\n B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.\n C. \"Love\" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.\n D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.\n E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love \"until death do us part.\" If \"love\" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one\u2014including those making marital vows\u2014should take \"love\" in this context to be referring to feelings.\nQuestion: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. None of our feelings are within our control.\n B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.\n C. \"Love\" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.\n D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.\n E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:124"}
{"index": 310, "query": "Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?\n A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.\n B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.\n C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.\n D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.\n E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?\n A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.\n B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.\n C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.\n D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.\n E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?\n A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.\n B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.\n C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.\n D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.\n E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?\n A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.\n B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.\n C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.\n D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.\n E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:310"}
{"index": 16, "query": "Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.\nQuestion: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:\n A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.\n B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.\n C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.\n D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.\n E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.\nQuestion: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:\n A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.\n B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.\n C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.\n D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.\n E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.\nQuestion: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:\n A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.\n B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.\n C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.\n D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.\n E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.\nQuestion: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:\n A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.\n B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.\n C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.\n D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.\n E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:16"}
{"index": 59, "query": "In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?\n A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.\n B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.\n C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.\n D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.\n E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?\n A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.\n B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.\n C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.\n D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.\n E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?\n A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.\n B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.\n C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.\n D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.\n E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?\n A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.\n B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.\n C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.\n D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.\n E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:59"}
{"index": 401, "query": "Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.\nQuestion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?\n A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.\n B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.\n C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.\n D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.\n E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.\nQuestion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?\n A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.\n B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.\n C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.\n D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.\n E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.\nQuestion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?\n A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.\n B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.\n C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.\n D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.\n E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.\nQuestion: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?\n A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.\n B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.\n C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.\n D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.\n E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:401"}
{"index": 69, "query": "People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?\n A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.\n B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.\n C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.\n D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.\n E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?\n A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.\n B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.\n C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.\n D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.\n E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?\n A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.\n B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.\n C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.\n D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.\n E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?\n A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.\n B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.\n C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.\n D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.\n E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:69"}
{"index": 282, "query": "Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?\n A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.\n D. It uses two senses of the term \"effective\" without differentiating them.\n E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?\n A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.\n D. It uses two senses of the term \"effective\" without differentiating them.\n E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?\n A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.\n D. It uses two senses of the term \"effective\" without differentiating them.\n E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?\n A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.\n C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.\n D. It uses two senses of the term \"effective\" without differentiating them.\n E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:282"}
{"index": 188, "query": "Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?\n A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.\n B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\n C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.\n D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.\n E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?\n A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.\n B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\n C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.\n D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.\n E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?\n A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.\n B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\n C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.\n D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.\n E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?\n A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.\n B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.\n C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.\n D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.\n E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:188"}
{"index": 44, "query": "Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.\nQuestion: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?\n A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.\n B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.\n C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.\n D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.\n E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.\nQuestion: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?\n A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.\n B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.\n C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.\n D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.\n E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.\nQuestion: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?\n A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.\n B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.\n C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.\n D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.\n E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.\nQuestion: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?\n A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.\n B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.\n C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.\n D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.\n E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 300, "query": "Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?\n A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.\n B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.\n C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.\n D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.\n E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?\n A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.\n B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.\n C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.\n D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.\n E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?\n A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.\n B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.\n C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.\n D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.\n E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?\n A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.\n B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.\n C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.\n D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.\n E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:300"}
{"index": 466, "query": "For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?\n A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.\n B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.\n C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.\n D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.\n E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?\n A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.\n B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.\n C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.\n D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.\n E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?\n A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.\n B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.\n C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.\n D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.\n E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?\n A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.\n B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.\n C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.\n D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.\n E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:466"}
{"index": 391, "query": "A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.\nQuestion: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?\n A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.\n B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.\n C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.\n D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.\n E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.\nQuestion: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?\n A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.\n B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.\n C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.\n D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.\n E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.\nQuestion: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?\n A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.\n B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.\n C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.\n D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.\n E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.\nQuestion: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?\n A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.\n B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.\n C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.\n D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.\n E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:391"}
{"index": 142, "query": "Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?\n A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.\n B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.\n C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.\n D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.\n E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?\n A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.\n B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.\n C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.\n D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.\n E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?\n A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.\n B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.\n C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.\n D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.\n E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?\n A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.\n B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.\n C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.\n D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.\n E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 226, "query": "Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action\u2014as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?\n A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.\n B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.\n C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.\n D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.\n E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action\u2014as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?\n A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.\n B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.\n C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.\n D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.\n E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action\u2014as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?\n A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.\n B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.\n C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.\n D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.\n E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action\u2014as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?\n A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.\n B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.\n C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.\n D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.\n E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:226"}
{"index": 416, "query": "In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.\nQuestion: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X\n B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased\n C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots\n D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative\n E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.\nQuestion: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X\n B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased\n C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots\n D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative\n E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.\nQuestion: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X\n B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased\n C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots\n D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative\n E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.\nQuestion: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X\n B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased\n C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots\n D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative\n E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:416"}
{"index": 295, "query": "Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.\n B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.\n C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.\n B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.\n C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.\n B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.\n C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.\n B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.\n C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.\n E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:295"}
{"index": 90, "query": "Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?\n A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.\n B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.\n C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.\n D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.\n E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?\n A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.\n B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.\n C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.\n D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.\n E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?\n A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.\n B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.\n C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.\n D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.\n E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?\n A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.\n B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.\n C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.\n D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.\n E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 421, "query": "Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?\n A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.\n B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.\n C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.\n D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.\n E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?\n A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.\n B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.\n C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.\n D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.\n E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?\n A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.\n B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.\n C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.\n D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.\n E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?\n A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.\n B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.\n C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.\n D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.\n E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:421"}
{"index": 373, "query": "City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.\nQuestion: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following\n A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.\n B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.\n C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.\n D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.\n E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.\nQuestion: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following\n A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.\n B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.\n C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.\n D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.\n E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.\nQuestion: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following\n A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.\n B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.\n C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.\n D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.\n E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.\nQuestion: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following\n A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.\n B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.\n C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.\n D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.\n E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:373"}
{"index": 165, "query": "Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.\nQuestion: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it\n A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance\n B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true\n C. mischaracterize what Brooks says\n D. conllates two different types of risk\n E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.\nQuestion: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it\n A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance\n B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true\n C. mischaracterize what Brooks says\n D. conllates two different types of risk\n E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.\nQuestion: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it\n A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance\n B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true\n C. mischaracterize what Brooks says\n D. conllates two different types of risk\n E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.\nQuestion: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it\n A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance\n B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true\n C. mischaracterize what Brooks says\n D. conllates two different types of risk\n E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:165"}
{"index": 502, "query": "Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?\n A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.\n B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.\n C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.\n D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.\n E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?\n A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.\n B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.\n C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.\n D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.\n E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?\n A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.\n B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.\n C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.\n D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.\n E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?\n A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.\n B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.\n C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.\n D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.\n E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:502"}
{"index": 228, "query": "If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.\nQuestion: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?\n A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.\n B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.\n C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.\n D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.\n E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.\nQuestion: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?\n A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.\n B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.\n C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.\n D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.\n E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.\nQuestion: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?\n A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.\n B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.\n C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.\n D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.\n E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.\nQuestion: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?\n A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.\n B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.\n C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.\n D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.\n E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:228"}
{"index": 272, "query": "Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.\n B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.\n C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.\n D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.\n E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.\n B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.\n C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.\n D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.\n E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.\n B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.\n C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.\n D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.\n E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?\n A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.\n B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.\n C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.\n D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.\n E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:272"}
{"index": 409, "query": "In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.\n B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.\n C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.\n D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.\n E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.\n B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.\n C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.\n D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.\n E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.\n B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.\n C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.\n D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.\n E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?\n A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.\n B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.\n C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.\n D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.\n E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:409"}
{"index": 408, "query": "Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?\n A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.\n B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.\n C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.\n D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.\n E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?\n A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.\n B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.\n C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.\n D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.\n E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?\n A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.\n B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.\n C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.\n D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.\n E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?\n A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.\n B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.\n C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.\n D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.\n E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:408"}
{"index": 233, "query": "Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.\n B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.\n C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.\n D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.\n E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.\n B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.\n C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.\n D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.\n E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.\n B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.\n C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.\n D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.\n E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.\n B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.\n C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.\n D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.\n E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:233"}
{"index": 204, "query": "Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?\n A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.\n B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.\n C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.\n D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.\n E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?\n A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.\n B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.\n C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.\n D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.\n E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?\n A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.\n B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.\n C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.\n D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.\n E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?\n A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.\n B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.\n C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.\n D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.\n E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:204"}
{"index": 353, "query": "The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.\nQuestion: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?\n A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.\n B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.\n C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.\n D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.\n E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.\nQuestion: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?\n A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.\n B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.\n C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.\n D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.\n E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.\nQuestion: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?\n A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.\n B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.\n C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.\n D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.\n E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.\nQuestion: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?\n A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.\n B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.\n C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.\n D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.\n E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:353"}
{"index": 37, "query": "Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting \"Hero,\" its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, \"Hero\" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.\nQuestion: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?\n A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition\n B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result\n C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true\n D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true\n E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting \"Hero,\" its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, \"Hero\" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.\nQuestion: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?\n A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition\n B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result\n C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true\n D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true\n E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting \"Hero,\" its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, \"Hero\" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.\nQuestion: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?\n A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition\n B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result\n C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true\n D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true\n E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting \"Hero,\" its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, \"Hero\" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.\nQuestion: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?\n A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition\n B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result\n C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true\n D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true\n E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 387, "query": "Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.\nQuestion: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that\n A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals\n B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages\n C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance\n D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship\n E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.\nQuestion: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that\n A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals\n B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages\n C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance\n D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship\n E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.\nQuestion: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that\n A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals\n B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages\n C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance\n D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship\n E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.\nQuestion: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that\n A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals\n B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages\n C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance\n D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship\n E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:387"}
{"index": 383, "query": "Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.\nQuestion: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.\n B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.\n C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.\n D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.\n E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.\nQuestion: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.\n B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.\n C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.\n D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.\n E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.\nQuestion: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.\n B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.\n C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.\n D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.\n E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.\nQuestion: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?\n A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.\n B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.\n C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.\n D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.\n E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:383"}
{"index": 288, "query": "CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it\n A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed\n B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects\n C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms\n D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded\n E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it\n A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed\n B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects\n C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms\n D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded\n E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it\n A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed\n B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects\n C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms\n D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded\n E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now\nAnswer:", "full_text": "CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it\n A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed\n B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects\n C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms\n D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded\n E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:288"}
{"index": 220, "query": "Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?\n A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.\n B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.\n C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.\n D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.\n E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?\n A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.\n B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.\n C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.\n D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.\n E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?\n A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.\n B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.\n C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.\n D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.\n E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?\n A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.\n B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.\n C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.\n D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.\n E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:220"}
{"index": 335, "query": "Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?\n A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.\n B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.\n C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.\n D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.\n E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?\n A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.\n B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.\n C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.\n D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.\n E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?\n A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.\n B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.\n C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.\n D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.\n E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?\n A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.\n B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.\n C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.\n D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.\n E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:335"}
{"index": 447, "query": "A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it\n A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people\n B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager\n C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager\n D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways\n E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it\n A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people\n B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager\n C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager\n D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways\n E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it\n A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people\n B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager\n C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager\n D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways\n E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it\n A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people\n B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager\n C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager\n D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways\n E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:447"}
{"index": 482, "query": "Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?\n A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\n B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.\n C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.\n D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.\n E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?\n A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\n B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.\n C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.\n D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.\n E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?\n A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\n B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.\n C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.\n D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.\n E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?\n A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\n B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.\n C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.\n D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.\n E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:482"}
{"index": 388, "query": "If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.\n B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.\n C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.\n D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.\n E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.\n B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.\n C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.\n D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.\n E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.\n B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.\n C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.\n D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.\n E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.\n B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.\n C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.\n D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.\n E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:388"}
{"index": 169, "query": "Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?\n A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.\n B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.\n C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.\n D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.\n E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?\n A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.\n B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.\n C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.\n D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.\n E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?\n A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.\n B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.\n C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.\n D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.\n E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?\n A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.\n B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.\n C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.\n D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.\n E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:169"}
{"index": 483, "query": "Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?\n A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.\n B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.\n C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.\n D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.\n E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?\n A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.\n B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.\n C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.\n D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.\n E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?\n A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.\n B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.\n C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.\n D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.\n E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?\n A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.\n B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.\n C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.\n D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.\n E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:483"}
{"index": 125, "query": "Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.\nQuestion: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general\n B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption\n C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied\n D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it\n E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.\nQuestion: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general\n B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption\n C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied\n D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it\n E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.\nQuestion: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general\n B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption\n C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied\n D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it\n E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.\nQuestion: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it\n A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general\n B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption\n C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied\n D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it\n E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:125"}
{"index": 176, "query": "Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.\n B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.\n C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.\n D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.\n E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.\n B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.\n C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.\n D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.\n E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.\n B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.\n C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.\n D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.\n E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.\nQuestion: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?\n A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.\n B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.\n C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.\n D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.\n E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:176"}
{"index": 471, "query": "If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it\n B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation\n C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion\n D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be\n E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it\n B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation\n C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion\n D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be\n E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it\n B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation\n C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion\n D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be\n E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property\nAnswer:", "full_text": "If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.\nQuestion: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument\n A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it\n B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation\n C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion\n D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be\n E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:471"}
{"index": 278, "query": "Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.\n B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.\n C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.\n B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.\n C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.\n B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.\n C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.\nQuestion: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?\n A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.\n B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.\n C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.\n E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:278"}
{"index": 271, "query": "Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?\n A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.\n B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.\n C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.\n D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.\n E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?\n A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.\n B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.\n C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.\n D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.\n E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?\n A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.\n B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.\n C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.\n D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.\n E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?\n A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.\n B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.\n C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.\n D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.\n E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:271"}
{"index": 307, "query": "Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?\n A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.\n B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.\n C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.\n D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.\n E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?\n A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.\n B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.\n C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.\n D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.\n E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?\n A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.\n B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.\n C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.\n D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.\n E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?\n A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.\n B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.\n C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.\n D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.\n E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:307"}
{"index": 159, "query": "Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?\n A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.\n B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.\n C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.\n D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.\n E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?\n A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.\n B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.\n C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.\n D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.\n E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?\n A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.\n B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.\n C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.\n D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.\n E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.\nQuestion: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?\n A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.\n B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.\n C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.\n D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.\n E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:159"}
{"index": 82, "query": "Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?\n A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.\n B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.\n C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.\n D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.\n E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?\n A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.\n B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.\n C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.\n D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.\n E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?\n A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.\n B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.\n C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.\n D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.\n E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.\nQuestion: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?\n A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.\n B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.\n C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.\n D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.\n E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:82"}
{"index": 42, "query": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the passage identify as being a result of a technological development?\n A. burgeoning scientific research\n B. educational uses of broadcasting\n C. widespread exchange of political ideas\n D. faster means of travel\n E. increased access to databases\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the passage identify as being a result of a technological development?\n A. burgeoning scientific research\n B. educational uses of broadcasting\n C. widespread exchange of political ideas\n D. faster means of travel\n E. increased access to databases\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the passage identify as being a result of a technological development?\n A. burgeoning scientific research\n B. educational uses of broadcasting\n C. widespread exchange of political ideas\n D. faster means of travel\n E. increased access to databases\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the passage identify as being a result of a technological development?\n A. burgeoning scientific research\n B. educational uses of broadcasting\n C. widespread exchange of political ideas\n D. faster means of travel\n E. increased access to databases\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:42"}
{"index": 244, "query": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: The author's primary purpose in the passage is to\n A. show why a once-dominant theory was abandoned\n B. describe the novel way in which a theory addresses a problem\n C. sketch the historical development of acelebrated theory\n D. debate the pros and cons of a complex theory\n E. argue for the truth of a controversial theory\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: The author's primary purpose in the passage is to\n A. show why a once-dominant theory was abandoned\n B. describe the novel way in which a theory addresses a problem\n C. sketch the historical development of acelebrated theory\n D. debate the pros and cons of a complex theory\n E. argue for the truth of a controversial theory\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: The author's primary purpose in the passage is to\n A. show why a once-dominant theory was abandoned\n B. describe the novel way in which a theory addresses a problem\n C. sketch the historical development of acelebrated theory\n D. debate the pros and cons of a complex theory\n E. argue for the truth of a controversial theory\nAnswer:", "full_text": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: The author's primary purpose in the passage is to\n A. show why a once-dominant theory was abandoned\n B. describe the novel way in which a theory addresses a problem\n C. sketch the historical development of acelebrated theory\n D. debate the pros and cons of a complex theory\n E. argue for the truth of a controversial theory\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:244"}
{"index": 88, "query": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to disagree about\n A. whether uniformity in the training of fingerprint examiners is desirable\n B. the likelihood that a fingerprint examiner will incorrectly declare a match in a given eriminal case\n C. whether fingerprint identification should be accorded the status of scientific law\n D. the relative merits of the point-counting and holistic methods of fingerprint identification\n E. whether different agencies vary in the degree of correlation they require for examiners to declare a match\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to disagree about\n A. whether uniformity in the training of fingerprint examiners is desirable\n B. the likelihood that a fingerprint examiner will incorrectly declare a match in a given eriminal case\n C. whether fingerprint identification should be accorded the status of scientific law\n D. the relative merits of the point-counting and holistic methods of fingerprint identification\n E. whether different agencies vary in the degree of correlation they require for examiners to declare a match\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to disagree about\n A. whether uniformity in the training of fingerprint examiners is desirable\n B. the likelihood that a fingerprint examiner will incorrectly declare a match in a given eriminal case\n C. whether fingerprint identification should be accorded the status of scientific law\n D. the relative merits of the point-counting and holistic methods of fingerprint identification\n E. whether different agencies vary in the degree of correlation they require for examiners to declare a match\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to disagree about\n A. whether uniformity in the training of fingerprint examiners is desirable\n B. the likelihood that a fingerprint examiner will incorrectly declare a match in a given eriminal case\n C. whether fingerprint identification should be accorded the status of scientific law\n D. the relative merits of the point-counting and holistic methods of fingerprint identification\n E. whether different agencies vary in the degree of correlation they require for examiners to declare a match\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 0, "query": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?\n A. Some legal scholars defend a morally questionable view that defense lawyers' sole obligation to their clients is to provide the best defense, while it is the court's job to determine guilt or innocence.\n B. Defense lawyers should put aside personal judgments about their clients' guilt when determining how best to proceed when representing a client.\n C. In a democracy, all persons accused of crimes have a right to an attorney who will state the facts, construct sound arguments, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel.\n D. Lawyers should be mindful of their duty to society as well as to their clients and base the decision as to whether, and how, to defend a client on the facts of the case.\n E. Defense attorneys are obligated to defend clients who request their professional services, especially when the attorney is absolutely convinced of the client's innocence.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?\n A. Some legal scholars defend a morally questionable view that defense lawyers' sole obligation to their clients is to provide the best defense, while it is the court's job to determine guilt or innocence.\n B. Defense lawyers should put aside personal judgments about their clients' guilt when determining how best to proceed when representing a client.\n C. In a democracy, all persons accused of crimes have a right to an attorney who will state the facts, construct sound arguments, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel.\n D. Lawyers should be mindful of their duty to society as well as to their clients and base the decision as to whether, and how, to defend a client on the facts of the case.\n E. Defense attorneys are obligated to defend clients who request their professional services, especially when the attorney is absolutely convinced of the client's innocence.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?\n A. Some legal scholars defend a morally questionable view that defense lawyers' sole obligation to their clients is to provide the best defense, while it is the court's job to determine guilt or innocence.\n B. Defense lawyers should put aside personal judgments about their clients' guilt when determining how best to proceed when representing a client.\n C. In a democracy, all persons accused of crimes have a right to an attorney who will state the facts, construct sound arguments, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel.\n D. Lawyers should be mindful of their duty to society as well as to their clients and base the decision as to whether, and how, to defend a client on the facts of the case.\n E. Defense attorneys are obligated to defend clients who request their professional services, especially when the attorney is absolutely convinced of the client's innocence.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?\n A. Some legal scholars defend a morally questionable view that defense lawyers' sole obligation to their clients is to provide the best defense, while it is the court's job to determine guilt or innocence.\n B. Defense lawyers should put aside personal judgments about their clients' guilt when determining how best to proceed when representing a client.\n C. In a democracy, all persons accused of crimes have a right to an attorney who will state the facts, construct sound arguments, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel.\n D. Lawyers should be mindful of their duty to society as well as to their clients and base the decision as to whether, and how, to defend a client on the facts of the case.\n E. Defense attorneys are obligated to defend clients who request their professional services, especially when the attorney is absolutely convinced of the client's innocence.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 190, "query": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: The author begins with the quote from Kotzebue primarily in order to\n A. give an accurate account of the music of Beethoven\n B. give an accurate account of the music of Schoenberg\n C. suggest that even Beethoven composed works of uneven quality\n D. suggest that music that is at first seen as alienating need not seem alienating later\n E. suggest that one critic can sometimes be out of step with the general critical consensus\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: The author begins with the quote from Kotzebue primarily in order to\n A. give an accurate account of the music of Beethoven\n B. give an accurate account of the music of Schoenberg\n C. suggest that even Beethoven composed works of uneven quality\n D. suggest that music that is at first seen as alienating need not seem alienating later\n E. suggest that one critic can sometimes be out of step with the general critical consensus\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: The author begins with the quote from Kotzebue primarily in order to\n A. give an accurate account of the music of Beethoven\n B. give an accurate account of the music of Schoenberg\n C. suggest that even Beethoven composed works of uneven quality\n D. suggest that music that is at first seen as alienating need not seem alienating later\n E. suggest that one critic can sometimes be out of step with the general critical consensus\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: The author begins with the quote from Kotzebue primarily in order to\n A. give an accurate account of the music of Beethoven\n B. give an accurate account of the music of Schoenberg\n C. suggest that even Beethoven composed works of uneven quality\n D. suggest that music that is at first seen as alienating need not seem alienating later\n E. suggest that one critic can sometimes be out of step with the general critical consensus\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:190"}
{"index": 192, "query": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following aspects of Schoenberg's music does the author appear to value most highly?\n A. the technical mastery of his compositions\n B. the use of shifting chromatic harmonies\n C. the use of the 12-tone system of musical composition\n D. the depiction of emotional states that had never been captured in music before\n E. the progression through three different styles of composition seen over the course of his career\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following aspects of Schoenberg's music does the author appear to value most highly?\n A. the technical mastery of his compositions\n B. the use of shifting chromatic harmonies\n C. the use of the 12-tone system of musical composition\n D. the depiction of emotional states that had never been captured in music before\n E. the progression through three different styles of composition seen over the course of his career\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following aspects of Schoenberg's music does the author appear to value most highly?\n A. the technical mastery of his compositions\n B. the use of shifting chromatic harmonies\n C. the use of the 12-tone system of musical composition\n D. the depiction of emotional states that had never been captured in music before\n E. the progression through three different styles of composition seen over the course of his career\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following aspects of Schoenberg's music does the author appear to value most highly?\n A. the technical mastery of his compositions\n B. the use of shifting chromatic harmonies\n C. the use of the 12-tone system of musical composition\n D. the depiction of emotional states that had never been captured in music before\n E. the progression through three different styles of composition seen over the course of his career\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:192"}
{"index": 118, "query": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following describes a set of relationships that is most closely analogous to the relationships between plants and their primary and secondary substances?\n A. Electrical power for the operation of devices such as lights and medical instruments is essential to the proper functioning of hospitals; generators are often used in hospitals to provide electricity in case their usual source of power is temporarily unavailable.\n B. Mechanical components such as engines and transmissions are necessary for automobiles to run; features such as paint and taillights give a car its distinctive look and serve functions such as preventing rust and improving safety, but automobiles can run without them.\n C. Mechanical components such as gears and rotors are required for the operation of clothing factories; electrical components such as wires and transformers supply the power needed to run the mechanical components, but they do not participate directly in the manufacturing process.\n D. Some type of braking system is necessary for trains to be able to decelerate and stop; such systems comprise both friction components that directly contact the trains' wheels and pneumatic components that exert pressure on the friction components.\n E. Specially designed word processing programs are necessary for computers to be able to function as word processors; such programs can be stored either in the computers' internal memory system or on external disks that are inserted temporarily into the computers.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following describes a set of relationships that is most closely analogous to the relationships between plants and their primary and secondary substances?\n A. Electrical power for the operation of devices such as lights and medical instruments is essential to the proper functioning of hospitals; generators are often used in hospitals to provide electricity in case their usual source of power is temporarily unavailable.\n B. Mechanical components such as engines and transmissions are necessary for automobiles to run; features such as paint and taillights give a car its distinctive look and serve functions such as preventing rust and improving safety, but automobiles can run without them.\n C. Mechanical components such as gears and rotors are required for the operation of clothing factories; electrical components such as wires and transformers supply the power needed to run the mechanical components, but they do not participate directly in the manufacturing process.\n D. Some type of braking system is necessary for trains to be able to decelerate and stop; such systems comprise both friction components that directly contact the trains' wheels and pneumatic components that exert pressure on the friction components.\n E. Specially designed word processing programs are necessary for computers to be able to function as word processors; such programs can be stored either in the computers' internal memory system or on external disks that are inserted temporarily into the computers.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following describes a set of relationships that is most closely analogous to the relationships between plants and their primary and secondary substances?\n A. Electrical power for the operation of devices such as lights and medical instruments is essential to the proper functioning of hospitals; generators are often used in hospitals to provide electricity in case their usual source of power is temporarily unavailable.\n B. Mechanical components such as engines and transmissions are necessary for automobiles to run; features such as paint and taillights give a car its distinctive look and serve functions such as preventing rust and improving safety, but automobiles can run without them.\n C. Mechanical components such as gears and rotors are required for the operation of clothing factories; electrical components such as wires and transformers supply the power needed to run the mechanical components, but they do not participate directly in the manufacturing process.\n D. Some type of braking system is necessary for trains to be able to decelerate and stop; such systems comprise both friction components that directly contact the trains' wheels and pneumatic components that exert pressure on the friction components.\n E. Specially designed word processing programs are necessary for computers to be able to function as word processors; such programs can be stored either in the computers' internal memory system or on external disks that are inserted temporarily into the computers.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following describes a set of relationships that is most closely analogous to the relationships between plants and their primary and secondary substances?\n A. Electrical power for the operation of devices such as lights and medical instruments is essential to the proper functioning of hospitals; generators are often used in hospitals to provide electricity in case their usual source of power is temporarily unavailable.\n B. Mechanical components such as engines and transmissions are necessary for automobiles to run; features such as paint and taillights give a car its distinctive look and serve functions such as preventing rust and improving safety, but automobiles can run without them.\n C. Mechanical components such as gears and rotors are required for the operation of clothing factories; electrical components such as wires and transformers supply the power needed to run the mechanical components, but they do not participate directly in the manufacturing process.\n D. Some type of braking system is necessary for trains to be able to decelerate and stop; such systems comprise both friction components that directly contact the trains' wheels and pneumatic components that exert pressure on the friction components.\n E. Specially designed word processing programs are necessary for computers to be able to function as word processors; such programs can be stored either in the computers' internal memory system or on external disks that are inserted temporarily into the computers.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:118"}
{"index": 33, "query": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: According to the passage, some legal scholars have criticized which one of the following?\n A. the ideology Marshall used to support his goals\n B. recent public interest campaigns\n C. the use of Marshall's techniques by politically conservative lawyers\n D. the use of psychological statistics in court cases\n E. the set of criteria for selecting public interest litigants\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: According to the passage, some legal scholars have criticized which one of the following?\n A. the ideology Marshall used to support his goals\n B. recent public interest campaigns\n C. the use of Marshall's techniques by politically conservative lawyers\n D. the use of psychological statistics in court cases\n E. the set of criteria for selecting public interest litigants\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: According to the passage, some legal scholars have criticized which one of the following?\n A. the ideology Marshall used to support his goals\n B. recent public interest campaigns\n C. the use of Marshall's techniques by politically conservative lawyers\n D. the use of psychological statistics in court cases\n E. the set of criteria for selecting public interest litigants\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: According to the passage, some legal scholars have criticized which one of the following?\n A. the ideology Marshall used to support his goals\n B. recent public interest campaigns\n C. the use of Marshall's techniques by politically conservative lawyers\n D. the use of psychological statistics in court cases\n E. the set of criteria for selecting public interest litigants\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:33"}
{"index": 195, "query": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The academic researchers mentioned in lines 30-31 would be most likely to subscribe to which one of the following principles?\n A. The competitive dynamics of the market should be allowed to determine the course of basic scientific research.\n B. The inventor of a biological material should not be allowed to charge fees that would prevent its use in basic research.\n C. Academic researchers should take measures to prevent their competitors from gaining access to materials they have created.\n D. Universities should take aggressive legal action to protect their intellectual property.\n E. Funding for scientific research projects should depend at least in part on the commercial potential of those projects.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The academic researchers mentioned in lines 30-31 would be most likely to subscribe to which one of the following principles?\n A. The competitive dynamics of the market should be allowed to determine the course of basic scientific research.\n B. The inventor of a biological material should not be allowed to charge fees that would prevent its use in basic research.\n C. Academic researchers should take measures to prevent their competitors from gaining access to materials they have created.\n D. Universities should take aggressive legal action to protect their intellectual property.\n E. Funding for scientific research projects should depend at least in part on the commercial potential of those projects.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The academic researchers mentioned in lines 30-31 would be most likely to subscribe to which one of the following principles?\n A. The competitive dynamics of the market should be allowed to determine the course of basic scientific research.\n B. The inventor of a biological material should not be allowed to charge fees that would prevent its use in basic research.\n C. Academic researchers should take measures to prevent their competitors from gaining access to materials they have created.\n D. Universities should take aggressive legal action to protect their intellectual property.\n E. Funding for scientific research projects should depend at least in part on the commercial potential of those projects.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The academic researchers mentioned in lines 30-31 would be most likely to subscribe to which one of the following principles?\n A. The competitive dynamics of the market should be allowed to determine the course of basic scientific research.\n B. The inventor of a biological material should not be allowed to charge fees that would prevent its use in basic research.\n C. Academic researchers should take measures to prevent their competitors from gaining access to materials they have created.\n D. Universities should take aggressive legal action to protect their intellectual property.\n E. Funding for scientific research projects should depend at least in part on the commercial potential of those projects.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:195"}
{"index": 205, "query": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Wampum was probably used on occasion as a medium of economic exchange long before the Haudenosaune had contact with Europeans.\n B. The formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacycalled for a more complex method of communication than wampum as used until then had provided.\n C. Once wampum came to be used as currency intrade with Europeans, the constitution of the Haudenosaune Confederacy had to be recodified using other methods of representation.\n D. Prior to Haudenosaune contact with Europeans,wampum served primarily as a means of promulgating official edicts and policies of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. As belt wampum superseded string wampum as a method of communication, wampum beads acquired subtler shadings in the colors used to represent abstract ideas.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Wampum was probably used on occasion as a medium of economic exchange long before the Haudenosaune had contact with Europeans.\n B. The formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacycalled for a more complex method of communication than wampum as used until then had provided.\n C. Once wampum came to be used as currency intrade with Europeans, the constitution of the Haudenosaune Confederacy had to be recodified using other methods of representation.\n D. Prior to Haudenosaune contact with Europeans,wampum served primarily as a means of promulgating official edicts and policies of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. As belt wampum superseded string wampum as a method of communication, wampum beads acquired subtler shadings in the colors used to represent abstract ideas.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Wampum was probably used on occasion as a medium of economic exchange long before the Haudenosaune had contact with Europeans.\n B. The formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacycalled for a more complex method of communication than wampum as used until then had provided.\n C. Once wampum came to be used as currency intrade with Europeans, the constitution of the Haudenosaune Confederacy had to be recodified using other methods of representation.\n D. Prior to Haudenosaune contact with Europeans,wampum served primarily as a means of promulgating official edicts and policies of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. As belt wampum superseded string wampum as a method of communication, wampum beads acquired subtler shadings in the colors used to represent abstract ideas.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Wampum was probably used on occasion as a medium of economic exchange long before the Haudenosaune had contact with Europeans.\n B. The formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacycalled for a more complex method of communication than wampum as used until then had provided.\n C. Once wampum came to be used as currency intrade with Europeans, the constitution of the Haudenosaune Confederacy had to be recodified using other methods of representation.\n D. Prior to Haudenosaune contact with Europeans,wampum served primarily as a means of promulgating official edicts and policies of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. As belt wampum superseded string wampum as a method of communication, wampum beads acquired subtler shadings in the colors used to represent abstract ideas.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:205"}
{"index": 50, "query": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: The author most likely uses the phrase \"defined categories of neurons\" in lines 55\u201356 in order to refer to neurons that\n A. possess channels for ions\n B. respond to drug treatment\n C. contain receptor molecules\n D. influence particular brain functions\n E. react to binding by neurotransmitters\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: The author most likely uses the phrase \"defined categories of neurons\" in lines 55\u201356 in order to refer to neurons that\n A. possess channels for ions\n B. respond to drug treatment\n C. contain receptor molecules\n D. influence particular brain functions\n E. react to binding by neurotransmitters\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: The author most likely uses the phrase \"defined categories of neurons\" in lines 55\u201356 in order to refer to neurons that\n A. possess channels for ions\n B. respond to drug treatment\n C. contain receptor molecules\n D. influence particular brain functions\n E. react to binding by neurotransmitters\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: The author most likely uses the phrase \"defined categories of neurons\" in lines 55\u201356 in order to refer to neurons that\n A. possess channels for ions\n B. respond to drug treatment\n C. contain receptor molecules\n D. influence particular brain functions\n E. react to binding by neurotransmitters\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 22, "query": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the passage's position concerning the apparently healthful effects of moderate wine consumption?\n A. Subjects who consumed large amount of grape juice exhibited decreased thickness of the innermost walls of their blood vessels.\n B. Subjects who were habitual drinkers of wine and subjects who were habitual drinkers of beer exhibited similar lipid levels in their bloodstreams.\n C. Subjects who drank grape juice exhibited greater platelet adhesiveness than did subjects who drank no grape juice.\n D. Subjects who drank excessive amounts of wine suffered from premature heart disease at roughly the same rate as moderate wine drinkers.\n E. Subjects who possess a natural clot-breaking compound were discovered to have a certain gene that is absent from subjects who do not possess the compound.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the passage's position concerning the apparently healthful effects of moderate wine consumption?\n A. Subjects who consumed large amount of grape juice exhibited decreased thickness of the innermost walls of their blood vessels.\n B. Subjects who were habitual drinkers of wine and subjects who were habitual drinkers of beer exhibited similar lipid levels in their bloodstreams.\n C. Subjects who drank grape juice exhibited greater platelet adhesiveness than did subjects who drank no grape juice.\n D. Subjects who drank excessive amounts of wine suffered from premature heart disease at roughly the same rate as moderate wine drinkers.\n E. Subjects who possess a natural clot-breaking compound were discovered to have a certain gene that is absent from subjects who do not possess the compound.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the passage's position concerning the apparently healthful effects of moderate wine consumption?\n A. Subjects who consumed large amount of grape juice exhibited decreased thickness of the innermost walls of their blood vessels.\n B. Subjects who were habitual drinkers of wine and subjects who were habitual drinkers of beer exhibited similar lipid levels in their bloodstreams.\n C. Subjects who drank grape juice exhibited greater platelet adhesiveness than did subjects who drank no grape juice.\n D. Subjects who drank excessive amounts of wine suffered from premature heart disease at roughly the same rate as moderate wine drinkers.\n E. Subjects who possess a natural clot-breaking compound were discovered to have a certain gene that is absent from subjects who do not possess the compound.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the passage's position concerning the apparently healthful effects of moderate wine consumption?\n A. Subjects who consumed large amount of grape juice exhibited decreased thickness of the innermost walls of their blood vessels.\n B. Subjects who were habitual drinkers of wine and subjects who were habitual drinkers of beer exhibited similar lipid levels in their bloodstreams.\n C. Subjects who drank grape juice exhibited greater platelet adhesiveness than did subjects who drank no grape juice.\n D. Subjects who drank excessive amounts of wine suffered from premature heart disease at roughly the same rate as moderate wine drinkers.\n E. Subjects who possess a natural clot-breaking compound were discovered to have a certain gene that is absent from subjects who do not possess the compound.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 60, "query": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The author provides a translation of a proverb in lines 32\u201333 primarily in order to\n A. illustrate the relation between proverb use and education about peer-group relationships in Mexican American communities\n B. provide an example of the tone of a proverb that is frequently used in Mexican American communities\n C. illustrate how a proverb can function as an appeal to traditional wisdom\n D. provide an example of how some Spanish-language proverbs can be clearly translated into English\n E. illustrate the effectiveness of proverbs as educational tools in Mexican American communities\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The author provides a translation of a proverb in lines 32\u201333 primarily in order to\n A. illustrate the relation between proverb use and education about peer-group relationships in Mexican American communities\n B. provide an example of the tone of a proverb that is frequently used in Mexican American communities\n C. illustrate how a proverb can function as an appeal to traditional wisdom\n D. provide an example of how some Spanish-language proverbs can be clearly translated into English\n E. illustrate the effectiveness of proverbs as educational tools in Mexican American communities\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The author provides a translation of a proverb in lines 32\u201333 primarily in order to\n A. illustrate the relation between proverb use and education about peer-group relationships in Mexican American communities\n B. provide an example of the tone of a proverb that is frequently used in Mexican American communities\n C. illustrate how a proverb can function as an appeal to traditional wisdom\n D. provide an example of how some Spanish-language proverbs can be clearly translated into English\n E. illustrate the effectiveness of proverbs as educational tools in Mexican American communities\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The author provides a translation of a proverb in lines 32\u201333 primarily in order to\n A. illustrate the relation between proverb use and education about peer-group relationships in Mexican American communities\n B. provide an example of the tone of a proverb that is frequently used in Mexican American communities\n C. illustrate how a proverb can function as an appeal to traditional wisdom\n D. provide an example of how some Spanish-language proverbs can be clearly translated into English\n E. illustrate the effectiveness of proverbs as educational tools in Mexican American communities\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:60"}
{"index": 108, "query": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following is characteristic of corridos?\n A. use of exaggeration to embellish Border events\n B. use of numerous figures of speech\n C. use of a formal closing verse\n D. use of complex rhyme schemes\n E. use of verses that combine Spanish and English\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following is characteristic of corridos?\n A. use of exaggeration to embellish Border events\n B. use of numerous figures of speech\n C. use of a formal closing verse\n D. use of complex rhyme schemes\n E. use of verses that combine Spanish and English\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following is characteristic of corridos?\n A. use of exaggeration to embellish Border events\n B. use of numerous figures of speech\n C. use of a formal closing verse\n D. use of complex rhyme schemes\n E. use of verses that combine Spanish and English\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following is characteristic of corridos?\n A. use of exaggeration to embellish Border events\n B. use of numerous figures of speech\n C. use of a formal closing verse\n D. use of complex rhyme schemes\n E. use of verses that combine Spanish and English\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:108"}
{"index": 251, "query": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: The authors of the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. Expected financial gains alone may not be are liable indicator of the likelihood that an individual will migrate.\n B. A complete explanation of the Great Migration must begin with an account of what triggered nineteenth-century migrations to the North.\n C. The Great Migration is not parallel in its broadest patterns to most other known migration movements.\n D. Most large-scale migrations can be adequately explained in terms of the movement of people from lower- to higher-income regions.\n E. Large-scale migrations generally did not occur until the early twentieth century, when significant interregional income differences arose as a result of rapid industrialization.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: The authors of the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. Expected financial gains alone may not be are liable indicator of the likelihood that an individual will migrate.\n B. A complete explanation of the Great Migration must begin with an account of what triggered nineteenth-century migrations to the North.\n C. The Great Migration is not parallel in its broadest patterns to most other known migration movements.\n D. Most large-scale migrations can be adequately explained in terms of the movement of people from lower- to higher-income regions.\n E. Large-scale migrations generally did not occur until the early twentieth century, when significant interregional income differences arose as a result of rapid industrialization.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: The authors of the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. Expected financial gains alone may not be are liable indicator of the likelihood that an individual will migrate.\n B. A complete explanation of the Great Migration must begin with an account of what triggered nineteenth-century migrations to the North.\n C. The Great Migration is not parallel in its broadest patterns to most other known migration movements.\n D. Most large-scale migrations can be adequately explained in terms of the movement of people from lower- to higher-income regions.\n E. Large-scale migrations generally did not occur until the early twentieth century, when significant interregional income differences arose as a result of rapid industrialization.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: The authors of the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. Expected financial gains alone may not be are liable indicator of the likelihood that an individual will migrate.\n B. A complete explanation of the Great Migration must begin with an account of what triggered nineteenth-century migrations to the North.\n C. The Great Migration is not parallel in its broadest patterns to most other known migration movements.\n D. Most large-scale migrations can be adequately explained in terms of the movement of people from lower- to higher-income regions.\n E. Large-scale migrations generally did not occur until the early twentieth century, when significant interregional income differences arose as a result of rapid industrialization.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:251"}
{"index": 96, "query": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The author's assertion in lines 11-16 would be most called in 10 question if which one of the following were true?\n A. Even a casual reading of Jazz makes it evident that the author has intentionally tried to simulate a style of jazz performance in the narration of the story.\n B. A small number of African American novelists writing earlier in the twentieth century sought to base the form of their work on the typical structme of blues music.\n C. All novels about nonliterary arts and artists appear as if their authors have tried to make their narrative styles reminiscent of the arts in question.\n D. Depending partly on whether or not it is read aloud, any novel can be found to be somewhat musical in nature.\n E. A smaller number of African American writers than of non-African American writers in North America have written novels whose plots and characters have to do with music.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The author's assertion in lines 11-16 would be most called in 10 question if which one of the following were true?\n A. Even a casual reading of Jazz makes it evident that the author has intentionally tried to simulate a style of jazz performance in the narration of the story.\n B. A small number of African American novelists writing earlier in the twentieth century sought to base the form of their work on the typical structme of blues music.\n C. All novels about nonliterary arts and artists appear as if their authors have tried to make their narrative styles reminiscent of the arts in question.\n D. Depending partly on whether or not it is read aloud, any novel can be found to be somewhat musical in nature.\n E. A smaller number of African American writers than of non-African American writers in North America have written novels whose plots and characters have to do with music.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The author's assertion in lines 11-16 would be most called in 10 question if which one of the following were true?\n A. Even a casual reading of Jazz makes it evident that the author has intentionally tried to simulate a style of jazz performance in the narration of the story.\n B. A small number of African American novelists writing earlier in the twentieth century sought to base the form of their work on the typical structme of blues music.\n C. All novels about nonliterary arts and artists appear as if their authors have tried to make their narrative styles reminiscent of the arts in question.\n D. Depending partly on whether or not it is read aloud, any novel can be found to be somewhat musical in nature.\n E. A smaller number of African American writers than of non-African American writers in North America have written novels whose plots and characters have to do with music.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The author's assertion in lines 11-16 would be most called in 10 question if which one of the following were true?\n A. Even a casual reading of Jazz makes it evident that the author has intentionally tried to simulate a style of jazz performance in the narration of the story.\n B. A small number of African American novelists writing earlier in the twentieth century sought to base the form of their work on the typical structme of blues music.\n C. All novels about nonliterary arts and artists appear as if their authors have tried to make their narrative styles reminiscent of the arts in question.\n D. Depending partly on whether or not it is read aloud, any novel can be found to be somewhat musical in nature.\n E. A smaller number of African American writers than of non-African American writers in North America have written novels whose plots and characters have to do with music.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 25, "query": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which one of the following?\n A. advocating a particular method of treatment\n B. criticizing popular opinion\n C. correcting a scientific misconception\n D. questioning the relevance of newly discovered evidence\n E. countering a revolutionary hypothesis\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which one of the following?\n A. advocating a particular method of treatment\n B. criticizing popular opinion\n C. correcting a scientific misconception\n D. questioning the relevance of newly discovered evidence\n E. countering a revolutionary hypothesis\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which one of the following?\n A. advocating a particular method of treatment\n B. criticizing popular opinion\n C. correcting a scientific misconception\n D. questioning the relevance of newly discovered evidence\n E. countering a revolutionary hypothesis\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which one of the following?\n A. advocating a particular method of treatment\n B. criticizing popular opinion\n C. correcting a scientific misconception\n D. questioning the relevance of newly discovered evidence\n E. countering a revolutionary hypothesis\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 105, "query": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: Given the information in the passage, which one of the following, if true, would have been most likely to reduce the amount oftime it took for physicists to realize that atoms were being split?\n A. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment of uranium were all using the same research techniques.\n B. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn did not have partieular expectations regarding the likely nuclear composition of the by-products.\n C. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn had not been aware of the calculations indicating that in principle it was possible to split atoms.\n D. More physicists concentrated on oblBining experimental results from the neutron bombardment ofuraniwn.\n E. Physicists conducted experiments in the neutron bombardment of some substance other than uranium.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: Given the information in the passage, which one of the following, if true, would have been most likely to reduce the amount oftime it took for physicists to realize that atoms were being split?\n A. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment of uranium were all using the same research techniques.\n B. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn did not have partieular expectations regarding the likely nuclear composition of the by-products.\n C. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn had not been aware of the calculations indicating that in principle it was possible to split atoms.\n D. More physicists concentrated on oblBining experimental results from the neutron bombardment ofuraniwn.\n E. Physicists conducted experiments in the neutron bombardment of some substance other than uranium.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: Given the information in the passage, which one of the following, if true, would have been most likely to reduce the amount oftime it took for physicists to realize that atoms were being split?\n A. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment of uranium were all using the same research techniques.\n B. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn did not have partieular expectations regarding the likely nuclear composition of the by-products.\n C. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn had not been aware of the calculations indicating that in principle it was possible to split atoms.\n D. More physicists concentrated on oblBining experimental results from the neutron bombardment ofuraniwn.\n E. Physicists conducted experiments in the neutron bombardment of some substance other than uranium.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: Given the information in the passage, which one of the following, if true, would have been most likely to reduce the amount oftime it took for physicists to realize that atoms were being split?\n A. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment of uranium were all using the same research techniques.\n B. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn did not have partieular expectations regarding the likely nuclear composition of the by-products.\n C. The physicists conducting the experiments in neutron bombardment ofuraniwn had not been aware of the calculations indicating that in principle it was possible to split atoms.\n D. More physicists concentrated on oblBining experimental results from the neutron bombardment ofuraniwn.\n E. Physicists conducted experiments in the neutron bombardment of some substance other than uranium.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:105"}
{"index": 12, "query": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the strongest objection to the criticism in the passage of the second version of multicultural education?\n A. It is impossible to adopt the perspectives and methods of a culture unless one is a member of that culture.\n B. Many non-Western societies have value systems that are very similar to one another.\n C. Some non-Western societies use their own value system when studying cultures that have different values.\n D. Students in Western societies cannot understand their culture's achievements unless such achievements are treated as the subject of Western scientific investigations.\n E. Genuine understanding of another culture is necessary for adequately appreciating that culture.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the strongest objection to the criticism in the passage of the second version of multicultural education?\n A. It is impossible to adopt the perspectives and methods of a culture unless one is a member of that culture.\n B. Many non-Western societies have value systems that are very similar to one another.\n C. Some non-Western societies use their own value system when studying cultures that have different values.\n D. Students in Western societies cannot understand their culture's achievements unless such achievements are treated as the subject of Western scientific investigations.\n E. Genuine understanding of another culture is necessary for adequately appreciating that culture.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the strongest objection to the criticism in the passage of the second version of multicultural education?\n A. It is impossible to adopt the perspectives and methods of a culture unless one is a member of that culture.\n B. Many non-Western societies have value systems that are very similar to one another.\n C. Some non-Western societies use their own value system when studying cultures that have different values.\n D. Students in Western societies cannot understand their culture's achievements unless such achievements are treated as the subject of Western scientific investigations.\n E. Genuine understanding of another culture is necessary for adequately appreciating that culture.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the strongest objection to the criticism in the passage of the second version of multicultural education?\n A. It is impossible to adopt the perspectives and methods of a culture unless one is a member of that culture.\n B. Many non-Western societies have value systems that are very similar to one another.\n C. Some non-Western societies use their own value system when studying cultures that have different values.\n D. Students in Western societies cannot understand their culture's achievements unless such achievements are treated as the subject of Western scientific investigations.\n E. Genuine understanding of another culture is necessary for adequately appreciating that culture.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:12"}
{"index": 156, "query": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following do laypeople generally consider to involve risk that is not freely assumed?\n A. traveling in outer space\n B. participating in skydiving\n C. serving as a firefighter\n D. traveling in airplanes\n E. climbing mountains\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following do laypeople generally consider to involve risk that is not freely assumed?\n A. traveling in outer space\n B. participating in skydiving\n C. serving as a firefighter\n D. traveling in airplanes\n E. climbing mountains\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following do laypeople generally consider to involve risk that is not freely assumed?\n A. traveling in outer space\n B. participating in skydiving\n C. serving as a firefighter\n D. traveling in airplanes\n E. climbing mountains\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which one of the following do laypeople generally consider to involve risk that is not freely assumed?\n A. traveling in outer space\n B. participating in skydiving\n C. serving as a firefighter\n D. traveling in airplanes\n E. climbing mountains\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:156"}
{"index": 7, "query": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about both the goal of multicultural education and the means for achieving this goal.\n B. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that education should be founded upon an epistemological system that recognizes the importance of the subjective, the intuitive, and the mystical.\n C. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that it is not enough to refrain from judging non-Western cultures if the methods used to study these cultures are themselves Western.\n D. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about the extent to which a culture's values are a product of its social and historical circumstances.\n E. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim these proposals are not value neutral and are therefore unable to yield a genuine understanding of cultures with a different value system.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about both the goal of multicultural education and the means for achieving this goal.\n B. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that education should be founded upon an epistemological system that recognizes the importance of the subjective, the intuitive, and the mystical.\n C. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that it is not enough to refrain from judging non-Western cultures if the methods used to study these cultures are themselves Western.\n D. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about the extent to which a culture's values are a product of its social and historical circumstances.\n E. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim these proposals are not value neutral and are therefore unable to yield a genuine understanding of cultures with a different value system.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about both the goal of multicultural education and the means for achieving this goal.\n B. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that education should be founded upon an epistemological system that recognizes the importance of the subjective, the intuitive, and the mystical.\n C. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that it is not enough to refrain from judging non-Western cultures if the methods used to study these cultures are themselves Western.\n D. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about the extent to which a culture's values are a product of its social and historical circumstances.\n E. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim these proposals are not value neutral and are therefore unable to yield a genuine understanding of cultures with a different value system.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about both the goal of multicultural education and the means for achieving this goal.\n B. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that education should be founded upon an epistemological system that recognizes the importance of the subjective, the intuitive, and the mystical.\n C. Proponents of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim that it is not enough to refrain from judging non-Western cultures if the methods used to study these cultures are themselves Western.\n D. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding disagree about the extent to which a culture's values are a product of its social and historical circumstances.\n E. Critics of two proposals for promoting multicultural understanding claim these proposals are not value neutral and are therefore unable to yield a genuine understanding of cultures with a different value system.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:7"}
{"index": 141, "query": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Katherine Dunham transformed the field of anthropology by developing innovative research methodologies for studying Caribbean and other traditional dance styles and connecting them with African American dance.\n B. Katherine Dunham's ballets were distinct from others produced in North America in that they incorporated authentic dance techniques from traditional cultures.\n C. Katherine Dunham's expertise as an anthropologist allowed her to use Caribbean and African dance traditions to express the aesthetic and political concerns of African American dancers and choreographers.\n D. The innovative research methods of Katherine Dunham made possible her discovery that the dance traditions of the Caribbean were derived from earlier African dance traditions.\n E. Katherine Dunham's anthropological and choreographic expertise enabled her to make contributions that altered the landscape of modern dance in North America.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Katherine Dunham transformed the field of anthropology by developing innovative research methodologies for studying Caribbean and other traditional dance styles and connecting them with African American dance.\n B. Katherine Dunham's ballets were distinct from others produced in North America in that they incorporated authentic dance techniques from traditional cultures.\n C. Katherine Dunham's expertise as an anthropologist allowed her to use Caribbean and African dance traditions to express the aesthetic and political concerns of African American dancers and choreographers.\n D. The innovative research methods of Katherine Dunham made possible her discovery that the dance traditions of the Caribbean were derived from earlier African dance traditions.\n E. Katherine Dunham's anthropological and choreographic expertise enabled her to make contributions that altered the landscape of modern dance in North America.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Katherine Dunham transformed the field of anthropology by developing innovative research methodologies for studying Caribbean and other traditional dance styles and connecting them with African American dance.\n B. Katherine Dunham's ballets were distinct from others produced in North America in that they incorporated authentic dance techniques from traditional cultures.\n C. Katherine Dunham's expertise as an anthropologist allowed her to use Caribbean and African dance traditions to express the aesthetic and political concerns of African American dancers and choreographers.\n D. The innovative research methods of Katherine Dunham made possible her discovery that the dance traditions of the Caribbean were derived from earlier African dance traditions.\n E. Katherine Dunham's anthropological and choreographic expertise enabled her to make contributions that altered the landscape of modern dance in North America.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Katherine Dunham transformed the field of anthropology by developing innovative research methodologies for studying Caribbean and other traditional dance styles and connecting them with African American dance.\n B. Katherine Dunham's ballets were distinct from others produced in North America in that they incorporated authentic dance techniques from traditional cultures.\n C. Katherine Dunham's expertise as an anthropologist allowed her to use Caribbean and African dance traditions to express the aesthetic and political concerns of African American dancers and choreographers.\n D. The innovative research methods of Katherine Dunham made possible her discovery that the dance traditions of the Caribbean were derived from earlier African dance traditions.\n E. Katherine Dunham's anthropological and choreographic expertise enabled her to make contributions that altered the landscape of modern dance in North America.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:141"}
{"index": 130, "query": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the material in passage B?\n A. Most water customers in the city are late paying their water bills.\n B. Most of the residences with outstanding water bills are in the city's high-income neighborhoods.\n C. It is appropriate to turn off the water of high-income residents in the city who pay their water bills a few days late.\n D. In recent years,the city has rarely, if ever, turned off the water of customers who were late paying their water bills.\n E. The only reasonable solution to the problem of overdue water bills in the city is to enact a law that classifies water bills as taxes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the material in passage B?\n A. Most water customers in the city are late paying their water bills.\n B. Most of the residences with outstanding water bills are in the city's high-income neighborhoods.\n C. It is appropriate to turn off the water of high-income residents in the city who pay their water bills a few days late.\n D. In recent years,the city has rarely, if ever, turned off the water of customers who were late paying their water bills.\n E. The only reasonable solution to the problem of overdue water bills in the city is to enact a law that classifies water bills as taxes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the material in passage B?\n A. Most water customers in the city are late paying their water bills.\n B. Most of the residences with outstanding water bills are in the city's high-income neighborhoods.\n C. It is appropriate to turn off the water of high-income residents in the city who pay their water bills a few days late.\n D. In recent years,the city has rarely, if ever, turned off the water of customers who were late paying their water bills.\n E. The only reasonable solution to the problem of overdue water bills in the city is to enact a law that classifies water bills as taxes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the material in passage B?\n A. Most water customers in the city are late paying their water bills.\n B. Most of the residences with outstanding water bills are in the city's high-income neighborhoods.\n C. It is appropriate to turn off the water of high-income residents in the city who pay their water bills a few days late.\n D. In recent years,the city has rarely, if ever, turned off the water of customers who were late paying their water bills.\n E. The only reasonable solution to the problem of overdue water bills in the city is to enact a law that classifies water bills as taxes.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:130"}
{"index": 17, "query": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: The author of the passage refers to \"self, life, and writing\" (lines 12\u201313) most probably in order to\n A. identify concepts about which Europeans and Native Americans had contrasting ideas\n B. define a word that had a different meaning for early Native Americans than it has for contemporary Native Americans\n C. illustrate how words can undergo a change in meaning after their introduction into the language\n D. posit a fundamental similarity in the origins of a concept in both European and Native American cultures\n E. explain how the assumptions that underlie European-style autobiography arose\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: The author of the passage refers to \"self, life, and writing\" (lines 12\u201313) most probably in order to\n A. identify concepts about which Europeans and Native Americans had contrasting ideas\n B. define a word that had a different meaning for early Native Americans than it has for contemporary Native Americans\n C. illustrate how words can undergo a change in meaning after their introduction into the language\n D. posit a fundamental similarity in the origins of a concept in both European and Native American cultures\n E. explain how the assumptions that underlie European-style autobiography arose\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: The author of the passage refers to \"self, life, and writing\" (lines 12\u201313) most probably in order to\n A. identify concepts about which Europeans and Native Americans had contrasting ideas\n B. define a word that had a different meaning for early Native Americans than it has for contemporary Native Americans\n C. illustrate how words can undergo a change in meaning after their introduction into the language\n D. posit a fundamental similarity in the origins of a concept in both European and Native American cultures\n E. explain how the assumptions that underlie European-style autobiography arose\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: The author of the passage refers to \"self, life, and writing\" (lines 12\u201313) most probably in order to\n A. identify concepts about which Europeans and Native Americans had contrasting ideas\n B. define a word that had a different meaning for early Native Americans than it has for contemporary Native Americans\n C. illustrate how words can undergo a change in meaning after their introduction into the language\n D. posit a fundamental similarity in the origins of a concept in both European and Native American cultures\n E. explain how the assumptions that underlie European-style autobiography arose\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:17"}
{"index": 199, "query": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The passage provides the strongest support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Policy makers are no less likely than academic researchers to favor new restrictions on biotechnology patents.\n B. Most biotechnology patent holders believe that the pursuit of basic research in academic institutions threatens their market position.\n C. Biotechnology researchers who work in academic institutions and oppose biotechnology patents are generally unable to obtain funding for their work.\n D. Suing for patent infringement is not the only way in which patent holders can assert legal control over the use of their patented materials.\n E. Rapid commercialization in the field of biotechnology has led to a dearth of highly educated biologists willing to teach in academic institutions.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The passage provides the strongest support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Policy makers are no less likely than academic researchers to favor new restrictions on biotechnology patents.\n B. Most biotechnology patent holders believe that the pursuit of basic research in academic institutions threatens their market position.\n C. Biotechnology researchers who work in academic institutions and oppose biotechnology patents are generally unable to obtain funding for their work.\n D. Suing for patent infringement is not the only way in which patent holders can assert legal control over the use of their patented materials.\n E. Rapid commercialization in the field of biotechnology has led to a dearth of highly educated biologists willing to teach in academic institutions.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The passage provides the strongest support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Policy makers are no less likely than academic researchers to favor new restrictions on biotechnology patents.\n B. Most biotechnology patent holders believe that the pursuit of basic research in academic institutions threatens their market position.\n C. Biotechnology researchers who work in academic institutions and oppose biotechnology patents are generally unable to obtain funding for their work.\n D. Suing for patent infringement is not the only way in which patent holders can assert legal control over the use of their patented materials.\n E. Rapid commercialization in the field of biotechnology has led to a dearth of highly educated biologists willing to teach in academic institutions.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: The passage provides the strongest support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Policy makers are no less likely than academic researchers to favor new restrictions on biotechnology patents.\n B. Most biotechnology patent holders believe that the pursuit of basic research in academic institutions threatens their market position.\n C. Biotechnology researchers who work in academic institutions and oppose biotechnology patents are generally unable to obtain funding for their work.\n D. Suing for patent infringement is not the only way in which patent holders can assert legal control over the use of their patented materials.\n E. Rapid commercialization in the field of biotechnology has led to a dearth of highly educated biologists willing to teach in academic institutions.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:199"}
{"index": 230, "query": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements about the society in which the clay tokens were used would Schmandt-Besserat be most-likely to agree?\n A. Society members trade and other economic activities were managed by a strong centralized governmental authority.\n B. Religious rituals were probably less important to the society's members than agriculture and trade were.\n C. Society members regarded whatever was produced by any individual as the common property of all.\n D. The society eventually came to regard the clay tokens as redundant.\n E. Without a readily available supply of raw clay, the society could not have developed a system of representation that used tokens\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements about the society in which the clay tokens were used would Schmandt-Besserat be most-likely to agree?\n A. Society members trade and other economic activities were managed by a strong centralized governmental authority.\n B. Religious rituals were probably less important to the society's members than agriculture and trade were.\n C. Society members regarded whatever was produced by any individual as the common property of all.\n D. The society eventually came to regard the clay tokens as redundant.\n E. Without a readily available supply of raw clay, the society could not have developed a system of representation that used tokens\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements about the society in which the clay tokens were used would Schmandt-Besserat be most-likely to agree?\n A. Society members trade and other economic activities were managed by a strong centralized governmental authority.\n B. Religious rituals were probably less important to the society's members than agriculture and trade were.\n C. Society members regarded whatever was produced by any individual as the common property of all.\n D. The society eventually came to regard the clay tokens as redundant.\n E. Without a readily available supply of raw clay, the society could not have developed a system of representation that used tokens\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements about the society in which the clay tokens were used would Schmandt-Besserat be most-likely to agree?\n A. Society members trade and other economic activities were managed by a strong centralized governmental authority.\n B. Religious rituals were probably less important to the society's members than agriculture and trade were.\n C. Society members regarded whatever was produced by any individual as the common property of all.\n D. The society eventually came to regard the clay tokens as redundant.\n E. Without a readily available supply of raw clay, the society could not have developed a system of representation that used tokens\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:230"}
{"index": 49, "query": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Each of the following statements is affirmed by the passage EXCEPT:\n A. The secretion of certain chemicals plays a role in neuron communication.\n B. The flow of ions through neurons plays a role in neuron communication.\n C. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\n D. The structure of receptors on neuron surfaces plays a role in neuron communication.\n E. The size of neurotransmitter binding sites on receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Each of the following statements is affirmed by the passage EXCEPT:\n A. The secretion of certain chemicals plays a role in neuron communication.\n B. The flow of ions through neurons plays a role in neuron communication.\n C. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\n D. The structure of receptors on neuron surfaces plays a role in neuron communication.\n E. The size of neurotransmitter binding sites on receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Each of the following statements is affirmed by the passage EXCEPT:\n A. The secretion of certain chemicals plays a role in neuron communication.\n B. The flow of ions through neurons plays a role in neuron communication.\n C. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\n D. The structure of receptors on neuron surfaces plays a role in neuron communication.\n E. The size of neurotransmitter binding sites on receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Each of the following statements is affirmed by the passage EXCEPT:\n A. The secretion of certain chemicals plays a role in neuron communication.\n B. The flow of ions through neurons plays a role in neuron communication.\n C. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\n D. The structure of receptors on neuron surfaces plays a role in neuron communication.\n E. The size of neurotransmitter binding sites on receptors plays a role in neuron communication.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:49"}
{"index": 197, "query": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?\n A. In the early days of biotechnology research,scientists freely shared research materials because they were not entitled to intellectual property protection for their inventions\n B. Corporate patent holders typically charge excessive fees for the right to conduct research involving their patented materials.\n C. The cost of patent litigation is an effective check on patent holders who might otherwise try to prevent researchers engaged in basic research from using patented materials.\n D. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions rely too heavily on funding that is partially contingent on the patentability of their results.\n E. Scientists who oppose the idea of patenting biotechnology do so because their work is not sufficiently innovative to qualify for patent protection.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?\n A. In the early days of biotechnology research,scientists freely shared research materials because they were not entitled to intellectual property protection for their inventions\n B. Corporate patent holders typically charge excessive fees for the right to conduct research involving their patented materials.\n C. The cost of patent litigation is an effective check on patent holders who might otherwise try to prevent researchers engaged in basic research from using patented materials.\n D. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions rely too heavily on funding that is partially contingent on the patentability of their results.\n E. Scientists who oppose the idea of patenting biotechnology do so because their work is not sufficiently innovative to qualify for patent protection.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?\n A. In the early days of biotechnology research,scientists freely shared research materials because they were not entitled to intellectual property protection for their inventions\n B. Corporate patent holders typically charge excessive fees for the right to conduct research involving their patented materials.\n C. The cost of patent litigation is an effective check on patent holders who might otherwise try to prevent researchers engaged in basic research from using patented materials.\n D. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions rely too heavily on funding that is partially contingent on the patentability of their results.\n E. Scientists who oppose the idea of patenting biotechnology do so because their work is not sufficiently innovative to qualify for patent protection.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?\n A. In the early days of biotechnology research,scientists freely shared research materials because they were not entitled to intellectual property protection for their inventions\n B. Corporate patent holders typically charge excessive fees for the right to conduct research involving their patented materials.\n C. The cost of patent litigation is an effective check on patent holders who might otherwise try to prevent researchers engaged in basic research from using patented materials.\n D. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions rely too heavily on funding that is partially contingent on the patentability of their results.\n E. Scientists who oppose the idea of patenting biotechnology do so because their work is not sufficiently innovative to qualify for patent protection.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:197"}
{"index": 48, "query": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the author's attitude toward the discovery presented in the last paragraph is most accurately described as\n A. certainty that its possible benefits will be realized\n B. optimism about its potential applications\n C. apprehension about the possibility of its misuse\n D. concern that its benefits are easily exaggerated\n E. skepticism toward its assumptions about the brain\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the author's attitude toward the discovery presented in the last paragraph is most accurately described as\n A. certainty that its possible benefits will be realized\n B. optimism about its potential applications\n C. apprehension about the possibility of its misuse\n D. concern that its benefits are easily exaggerated\n E. skepticism toward its assumptions about the brain\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the author's attitude toward the discovery presented in the last paragraph is most accurately described as\n A. certainty that its possible benefits will be realized\n B. optimism about its potential applications\n C. apprehension about the possibility of its misuse\n D. concern that its benefits are easily exaggerated\n E. skepticism toward its assumptions about the brain\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Neurobiologists once believed that the workings of the brain were guided exclusively by electrical signals; according to this theory, communication between neurons (brain cells) is possible because electrical impulses travel from one neuron to the next by literally leaping across the synapses (gaps between neurons). But many neurobiologists puzzled over how this leaping across synapses might be achieved, and as early as 1904 some speculated that electrical impulses are transmitted between neurons chemically rather than electrically. According to this alternative theory, the excited neuron secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds with its corresponding receptor molecule in the receiving neuron. This binding of the neurotransmitter renders the neuron permeable to ions, and as the ions move into the receiving neuron they generate an electrical impulse that runs through the cell; the electrical impulse is thereby transmitted to the receiving neuron. This theory has gradually won acceptance in the scientific community, but for a long time little was known about the mechanism by which neurotransmitters manage to render the receiving neuron permeable to ions. In fact, some scientists remained skeptical of the theory because they had trouble imagining how the binding of a chemical to a receptor at the cell surface could influence the flow of ions through the cell membrane. Recently, however, researchers have gathered enough evidence for a convincing explanation: that the structure of receptors plays the pivotal role in mediating the conversion of chemical signals into electrical activity. The new evidence shows that receptors for neurotransmitters contain both a neurotransmitter binding site and a separate region that functions as a channel for ions; attachment of the neurotransmitter to the binding site causes the receptor to change shape and so results in the opening of its channel component. Several types of receptors have been isolated that conform to this structure, among them the receptors for acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and serotonin. These receptors display enough similarities to constitute a family, known collectively as neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. It has also been discovered that each of the receptors in this family comes in several varieties so that, for example, a GABA receptor in one part of the brain has slightly different properties than a GABA receptor in another part of the brain. This discovery is medically significant because it raises the possibility of the highly selective treatment of certain brain disorders. As the precise effect on behavior of every variety of each neurotransmitter-gated ion channel is deciphered, pharmacologists may be able to design drugs targeted to specific receptors on defined categories of neurons that will selectively impede or enhance these effects. Such drugs could potentially help ameliorate any number of debilitating conditions, including mood disorders, tissue damage associated with stroke, or Alzheimer's disease.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the author's attitude toward the discovery presented in the last paragraph is most accurately described as\n A. certainty that its possible benefits will be realized\n B. optimism about its potential applications\n C. apprehension about the possibility of its misuse\n D. concern that its benefits are easily exaggerated\n E. skepticism toward its assumptions about the brain\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:48"}
{"index": 6, "query": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. show that ethical dilemmas in the legal profession can complicate the defense lawyer's role\n B. argue that the defense lawyer's duty to the court and society complements effective legal representation for the client\n C. explain why the actual guilt or innocence of a defendant is not an important issue to many defense attorneys\n D. discuss some of the issues that a defense lawyer must resolve prior to accepting a case\n E. reveal how the practice of law strengthens the values and principles of democratic societies\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. show that ethical dilemmas in the legal profession can complicate the defense lawyer's role\n B. argue that the defense lawyer's duty to the court and society complements effective legal representation for the client\n C. explain why the actual guilt or innocence of a defendant is not an important issue to many defense attorneys\n D. discuss some of the issues that a defense lawyer must resolve prior to accepting a case\n E. reveal how the practice of law strengthens the values and principles of democratic societies\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. show that ethical dilemmas in the legal profession can complicate the defense lawyer's role\n B. argue that the defense lawyer's duty to the court and society complements effective legal representation for the client\n C. explain why the actual guilt or innocence of a defendant is not an important issue to many defense attorneys\n D. discuss some of the issues that a defense lawyer must resolve prior to accepting a case\n E. reveal how the practice of law strengthens the values and principles of democratic societies\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Is it necessary for defense lawyers to believe that the clients they defend are innocent of the charges against them? Some legal scholars hold that lawyers' sole obligation is to provide the best defense they are capable of, claiming that in democratic societies all people accused of crimes are entitled to the best possible legal representation. They argue that lawyers have no right to judge defendants because it is the job of the courts to determine guilt or innocence and the job of the lawyer to represent the defendant before the court. They believe that the lawyer's responsibility is to state those facts that will assist each client's case, construct sound arguments based on these facts, and identify flaws in the arguments of opposing counsel. According to these scholars, the lawyer's role is not to express or act on personal opinions but to act as an advocate, saying only what defendants would say if they possessed the proper training or resources with which to represent themselves. But such a position overlooks the fact that the defense lawyer's obligation is twofold: to the defendant, certainly, but no less so to the court and, by extension, to society. For this reason, lawyers, great as their obligation to defendants is, should not, as officers of the court, present to the court assertions that they know to be false. But by the same principle, lawyers who are convinced that their clients are guilty should not undertake to demonstrate their innocence. Guilty defendants should not be entitled to false or insincere representation. When lawyers know with certainty that a defendant is guilty, it is their duty not to deny this. Rather, they should appraise the case as much as possible in their client's favor, after giving due consideration to the facts on the other side, and then present any extenuating circumstances and argue for whatever degree of leniency in sentencing they sincerely believe is warranted. In cases where it is uncertain whether the client is guilty but the lawyer sincerely believes the client may well be innocent, the lawyer should of course try to prove that the client is innocent. The lawyer's obligation to the court and to society also ultimately benefits the defendant, because the \"best defense\" can only truly be provided by an advocate who, after a careful analysis of the facts, is convinced of the merits of the case. The fact that every client is entitled to a defense does not mean that defense lawyers should take every case they are offered. Lawyers should not be mere mouthpieces for a defendant but instead advocates for the rights of the defendant given the facts of the case.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. show that ethical dilemmas in the legal profession can complicate the defense lawyer's role\n B. argue that the defense lawyer's duty to the court and society complements effective legal representation for the client\n C. explain why the actual guilt or innocence of a defendant is not an important issue to many defense attorneys\n D. discuss some of the issues that a defense lawyer must resolve prior to accepting a case\n E. reveal how the practice of law strengthens the values and principles of democratic societies\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:6"}
{"index": 181, "query": "Passage ATo a neuroscientist, you are your brain; nothing causes your behavior other than the operations of your brain. This viewpoint, together with recent findings in neuroscience, radically changes the way we think about the law. The official line in the law is that all that matters is whether you are rational, but you can have someone who is totally rational even though their strings are being pulled by something beyond their control. Indeed, people who believe themselves to be making a free and rational moral choice may really be deluding themselves\u2014a brain scan might show that such a choice correlates with activity in emotional centers in the brain rather than in the region of the brain associated with deliberative problem solving. This insight suggests that the criminal-justice system should abandon the idea of retribution\u2014the idea that bad people should be punished because of their freely chosen immoral acts\u2014which is now dominant as a justification of punishment. Instead, the law should focus on deterring future harms. In some cases, this might mean lighter punishments. If it is really true that we do not get any prevention bang from our punishment buck when we punish some person, then it is not worth punishing that person. Passage B Neuroscience constantly produces new mechanistic descriptions of how the physical brain causes behavior, adding fuel to the deterministic view that all human action is causally necessitated by events that are independent of the will. It has long been argued, however, that the concept of free will can coexist with determinism.In 1954 English philosopher Alfred J. Ayer put forth a theory of \"soft determinism.\" He argued, as the philosopher David Hume had two centuries earlier, that even in a deterministic world, a person can still act freely. Ayer distinguished between free actions and constrained actions. Free actions are those that are caused by internal sources, by one's own will (unless one is suffering from a disorder). Constrained actions are those that are caused by external sources, for example, by someone or something forcing you physically or mentally to perform an action, as in hypnosis or in mental disorders such as kleptomania. When someone performs a free action to do A, he or she could have done B instead, since no external source precluded doing so. When someone performs a constrained action to do A, he or she could have done only A.Ayer argued that actions are free as long as they are not constrained. It is not the existence of a cause but the source of the cause that determines whether an action is free. Although Ayer did not explicitly discuss the brain's role, one could make the analogy that those actions\u2014and indeed those wills-that originate from a disease-free brain are not constrained, and are therefore free, even though they may be determined.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most to the argument advanced in passage A?\n A. Many word processors are packed with nonessential features that only confuse most users and get in the way of important functions. Word processors with fewer features thus enhance productivity.\n B. Economic models generally presume thatctors in an economy are entirely rational. But psychological studies have documented many ways in which people make irrational choices. Thus, economic models, in theory, should not be able to predict human behavior.\n C. The existing program for teaching mathematics in elementary schools is based on mistaken notions about what sorts of mathematical concepts children can grasp, and it should therefore be replaced.\n D. Civil disobedience is justified only in those cases in which civil law conflicts with one's sincere moral or religious convictions. Any attempt to justify civil disobedience on something other than moral or religious grounds is therefore illegitimate.\n E. Being autonomous does not imply having full control over one's behavior. After all, addicted smokers are unable to exercise control over some behaviors but are nevertheless autonomous in the general sense.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage ATo a neuroscientist, you are your brain; nothing causes your behavior other than the operations of your brain. This viewpoint, together with recent findings in neuroscience, radically changes the way we think about the law. The official line in the law is that all that matters is whether you are rational, but you can have someone who is totally rational even though their strings are being pulled by something beyond their control. Indeed, people who believe themselves to be making a free and rational moral choice may really be deluding themselves\u2014a brain scan might show that such a choice correlates with activity in emotional centers in the brain rather than in the region of the brain associated with deliberative problem solving. This insight suggests that the criminal-justice system should abandon the idea of retribution\u2014the idea that bad people should be punished because of their freely chosen immoral acts\u2014which is now dominant as a justification of punishment. Instead, the law should focus on deterring future harms. In some cases, this might mean lighter punishments. If it is really true that we do not get any prevention bang from our punishment buck when we punish some person, then it is not worth punishing that person. Passage B Neuroscience constantly produces new mechanistic descriptions of how the physical brain causes behavior, adding fuel to the deterministic view that all human action is causally necessitated by events that are independent of the will. It has long been argued, however, that the concept of free will can coexist with determinism.In 1954 English philosopher Alfred J. Ayer put forth a theory of \"soft determinism.\" He argued, as the philosopher David Hume had two centuries earlier, that even in a deterministic world, a person can still act freely. Ayer distinguished between free actions and constrained actions. Free actions are those that are caused by internal sources, by one's own will (unless one is suffering from a disorder). Constrained actions are those that are caused by external sources, for example, by someone or something forcing you physically or mentally to perform an action, as in hypnosis or in mental disorders such as kleptomania. When someone performs a free action to do A, he or she could have done B instead, since no external source precluded doing so. When someone performs a constrained action to do A, he or she could have done only A.Ayer argued that actions are free as long as they are not constrained. It is not the existence of a cause but the source of the cause that determines whether an action is free. Although Ayer did not explicitly discuss the brain's role, one could make the analogy that those actions\u2014and indeed those wills-that originate from a disease-free brain are not constrained, and are therefore free, even though they may be determined.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most to the argument advanced in passage A?\n A. Many word processors are packed with nonessential features that only confuse most users and get in the way of important functions. Word processors with fewer features thus enhance productivity.\n B. Economic models generally presume thatctors in an economy are entirely rational. But psychological studies have documented many ways in which people make irrational choices. Thus, economic models, in theory, should not be able to predict human behavior.\n C. The existing program for teaching mathematics in elementary schools is based on mistaken notions about what sorts of mathematical concepts children can grasp, and it should therefore be replaced.\n D. Civil disobedience is justified only in those cases in which civil law conflicts with one's sincere moral or religious convictions. Any attempt to justify civil disobedience on something other than moral or religious grounds is therefore illegitimate.\n E. Being autonomous does not imply having full control over one's behavior. After all, addicted smokers are unable to exercise control over some behaviors but are nevertheless autonomous in the general sense.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage ATo a neuroscientist, you are your brain; nothing causes your behavior other than the operations of your brain. This viewpoint, together with recent findings in neuroscience, radically changes the way we think about the law. The official line in the law is that all that matters is whether you are rational, but you can have someone who is totally rational even though their strings are being pulled by something beyond their control. Indeed, people who believe themselves to be making a free and rational moral choice may really be deluding themselves\u2014a brain scan might show that such a choice correlates with activity in emotional centers in the brain rather than in the region of the brain associated with deliberative problem solving. This insight suggests that the criminal-justice system should abandon the idea of retribution\u2014the idea that bad people should be punished because of their freely chosen immoral acts\u2014which is now dominant as a justification of punishment. Instead, the law should focus on deterring future harms. In some cases, this might mean lighter punishments. If it is really true that we do not get any prevention bang from our punishment buck when we punish some person, then it is not worth punishing that person. Passage B Neuroscience constantly produces new mechanistic descriptions of how the physical brain causes behavior, adding fuel to the deterministic view that all human action is causally necessitated by events that are independent of the will. It has long been argued, however, that the concept of free will can coexist with determinism.In 1954 English philosopher Alfred J. Ayer put forth a theory of \"soft determinism.\" He argued, as the philosopher David Hume had two centuries earlier, that even in a deterministic world, a person can still act freely. Ayer distinguished between free actions and constrained actions. Free actions are those that are caused by internal sources, by one's own will (unless one is suffering from a disorder). Constrained actions are those that are caused by external sources, for example, by someone or something forcing you physically or mentally to perform an action, as in hypnosis or in mental disorders such as kleptomania. When someone performs a free action to do A, he or she could have done B instead, since no external source precluded doing so. When someone performs a constrained action to do A, he or she could have done only A.Ayer argued that actions are free as long as they are not constrained. It is not the existence of a cause but the source of the cause that determines whether an action is free. Although Ayer did not explicitly discuss the brain's role, one could make the analogy that those actions\u2014and indeed those wills-that originate from a disease-free brain are not constrained, and are therefore free, even though they may be determined.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most to the argument advanced in passage A?\n A. Many word processors are packed with nonessential features that only confuse most users and get in the way of important functions. Word processors with fewer features thus enhance productivity.\n B. Economic models generally presume thatctors in an economy are entirely rational. But psychological studies have documented many ways in which people make irrational choices. Thus, economic models, in theory, should not be able to predict human behavior.\n C. The existing program for teaching mathematics in elementary schools is based on mistaken notions about what sorts of mathematical concepts children can grasp, and it should therefore be replaced.\n D. Civil disobedience is justified only in those cases in which civil law conflicts with one's sincere moral or religious convictions. Any attempt to justify civil disobedience on something other than moral or religious grounds is therefore illegitimate.\n E. Being autonomous does not imply having full control over one's behavior. After all, addicted smokers are unable to exercise control over some behaviors but are nevertheless autonomous in the general sense.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage ATo a neuroscientist, you are your brain; nothing causes your behavior other than the operations of your brain. This viewpoint, together with recent findings in neuroscience, radically changes the way we think about the law. The official line in the law is that all that matters is whether you are rational, but you can have someone who is totally rational even though their strings are being pulled by something beyond their control. Indeed, people who believe themselves to be making a free and rational moral choice may really be deluding themselves\u2014a brain scan might show that such a choice correlates with activity in emotional centers in the brain rather than in the region of the brain associated with deliberative problem solving. This insight suggests that the criminal-justice system should abandon the idea of retribution\u2014the idea that bad people should be punished because of their freely chosen immoral acts\u2014which is now dominant as a justification of punishment. Instead, the law should focus on deterring future harms. In some cases, this might mean lighter punishments. If it is really true that we do not get any prevention bang from our punishment buck when we punish some person, then it is not worth punishing that person. Passage B Neuroscience constantly produces new mechanistic descriptions of how the physical brain causes behavior, adding fuel to the deterministic view that all human action is causally necessitated by events that are independent of the will. It has long been argued, however, that the concept of free will can coexist with determinism.In 1954 English philosopher Alfred J. Ayer put forth a theory of \"soft determinism.\" He argued, as the philosopher David Hume had two centuries earlier, that even in a deterministic world, a person can still act freely. Ayer distinguished between free actions and constrained actions. Free actions are those that are caused by internal sources, by one's own will (unless one is suffering from a disorder). Constrained actions are those that are caused by external sources, for example, by someone or something forcing you physically or mentally to perform an action, as in hypnosis or in mental disorders such as kleptomania. When someone performs a free action to do A, he or she could have done B instead, since no external source precluded doing so. When someone performs a constrained action to do A, he or she could have done only A.Ayer argued that actions are free as long as they are not constrained. It is not the existence of a cause but the source of the cause that determines whether an action is free. Although Ayer did not explicitly discuss the brain's role, one could make the analogy that those actions\u2014and indeed those wills-that originate from a disease-free brain are not constrained, and are therefore free, even though they may be determined.\nQuestion: Which one of the following arguments is most to the argument advanced in passage A?\n A. Many word processors are packed with nonessential features that only confuse most users and get in the way of important functions. Word processors with fewer features thus enhance productivity.\n B. Economic models generally presume thatctors in an economy are entirely rational. But psychological studies have documented many ways in which people make irrational choices. Thus, economic models, in theory, should not be able to predict human behavior.\n C. The existing program for teaching mathematics in elementary schools is based on mistaken notions about what sorts of mathematical concepts children can grasp, and it should therefore be replaced.\n D. Civil disobedience is justified only in those cases in which civil law conflicts with one's sincere moral or religious convictions. Any attempt to justify civil disobedience on something other than moral or religious grounds is therefore illegitimate.\n E. Being autonomous does not imply having full control over one's behavior. After all, addicted smokers are unable to exercise control over some behaviors but are nevertheless autonomous in the general sense.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 58, "query": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT:\n A. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to fall if laws requiring stronger punishments for repeat offenders are adopted.\n B. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to increase if efforts to rehabilitate them are ended.\n C. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to decrease if the expected utility of lawful activities decreases.\n D. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to increase if the access of individuals to economic institutions decreases.\n E. The rate of deliberate crimes will tend to vary inversely with the level of law enforcement.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT:\n A. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to fall if laws requiring stronger punishments for repeat offenders are adopted.\n B. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to increase if efforts to rehabilitate them are ended.\n C. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to decrease if the expected utility of lawful activities decreases.\n D. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to increase if the access of individuals to economic institutions decreases.\n E. The rate of deliberate crimes will tend to vary inversely with the level of law enforcement.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT:\n A. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to fall if laws requiring stronger punishments for repeat offenders are adopted.\n B. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to increase if efforts to rehabilitate them are ended.\n C. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to decrease if the expected utility of lawful activities decreases.\n D. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to increase if the access of individuals to economic institutions decreases.\n E. The rate of deliberate crimes will tend to vary inversely with the level of law enforcement.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT:\n A. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to fall if laws requiring stronger punishments for repeat offenders are adopted.\n B. The rate at which criminals return to criminal activity is likely to increase if efforts to rehabilitate them are ended.\n C. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to decrease if the expected utility of lawful activities decreases.\n D. The rate of deliberate crimes is likely to increase if the access of individuals to economic institutions decreases.\n E. The rate of deliberate crimes will tend to vary inversely with the level of law enforcement.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:58"}
{"index": 201, "query": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. The Haudenosaune's use of wampum originated with combinations of strings of beads with religious significance, but the need for communication between nations led to more complex uses of wampum including the transmission of political messages.\n B. For the Haudenosaune, wampum did not originally serve as a form of money but as an evolving form of communication that, through the use of colors and symbols, conveyed information and that eventually encoded the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution.\n C. Wampum's significance for the Haudenosaune\u2014as a form of communication linking their traditions with the need for the sharing of information within the confederacy\u2014was changed through European contact so that it became exclusively a medium of commercial exchange.\n D. There is substantial evidence that the Haudenosaune's use of wampum as a medium of communication based on color combinations had its origin in the political events surrounding the establishment of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. Because of the role played by wampum in relations between the Haudenosaune and Europeans, many historians have overlooked the communicative role that bead combinations played in Haudenosaune culture prior to contact with Europeans.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. The Haudenosaune's use of wampum originated with combinations of strings of beads with religious significance, but the need for communication between nations led to more complex uses of wampum including the transmission of political messages.\n B. For the Haudenosaune, wampum did not originally serve as a form of money but as an evolving form of communication that, through the use of colors and symbols, conveyed information and that eventually encoded the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution.\n C. Wampum's significance for the Haudenosaune\u2014as a form of communication linking their traditions with the need for the sharing of information within the confederacy\u2014was changed through European contact so that it became exclusively a medium of commercial exchange.\n D. There is substantial evidence that the Haudenosaune's use of wampum as a medium of communication based on color combinations had its origin in the political events surrounding the establishment of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. Because of the role played by wampum in relations between the Haudenosaune and Europeans, many historians have overlooked the communicative role that bead combinations played in Haudenosaune culture prior to contact with Europeans.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. The Haudenosaune's use of wampum originated with combinations of strings of beads with religious significance, but the need for communication between nations led to more complex uses of wampum including the transmission of political messages.\n B. For the Haudenosaune, wampum did not originally serve as a form of money but as an evolving form of communication that, through the use of colors and symbols, conveyed information and that eventually encoded the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution.\n C. Wampum's significance for the Haudenosaune\u2014as a form of communication linking their traditions with the need for the sharing of information within the confederacy\u2014was changed through European contact so that it became exclusively a medium of commercial exchange.\n D. There is substantial evidence that the Haudenosaune's use of wampum as a medium of communication based on color combinations had its origin in the political events surrounding the establishment of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. Because of the role played by wampum in relations between the Haudenosaune and Europeans, many historians have overlooked the communicative role that bead combinations played in Haudenosaune culture prior to contact with Europeans.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. The Haudenosaune's use of wampum originated with combinations of strings of beads with religious significance, but the need for communication between nations led to more complex uses of wampum including the transmission of political messages.\n B. For the Haudenosaune, wampum did not originally serve as a form of money but as an evolving form of communication that, through the use of colors and symbols, conveyed information and that eventually encoded the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution.\n C. Wampum's significance for the Haudenosaune\u2014as a form of communication linking their traditions with the need for the sharing of information within the confederacy\u2014was changed through European contact so that it became exclusively a medium of commercial exchange.\n D. There is substantial evidence that the Haudenosaune's use of wampum as a medium of communication based on color combinations had its origin in the political events surrounding the establishment of the Haudenosaune Confederacy.\n E. Because of the role played by wampum in relations between the Haudenosaune and Europeans, many historians have overlooked the communicative role that bead combinations played in Haudenosaune culture prior to contact with Europeans.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:201"}
{"index": 200, "query": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: Suppose a university researcher wants to conduct basic, noncommercial research involving cell lines patented by a for-profit biotechnology corporation. The author would be most likely to make which one of the following predictions about the researcher's prospects?\n A. The researcher will probably be unable to use the cell lines because the corporation holding the patent will demand a prohibitively high payment for their use.\n B. The corporation holding the patent will probably successfully sue the researcher for patent infringement if she conducts the research without permission.\n C. The university that employs the researcher will likely prohibit the research in an effort to avoid being sued by the corporation holding the patent.\n D. The researcher has a good chance of not being held liable for patent infringement if she conducts the research and is subsequently sued.\n E. The corporation will probably offer to fund the research if granted exclusive rights to any resulting marketable product.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: Suppose a university researcher wants to conduct basic, noncommercial research involving cell lines patented by a for-profit biotechnology corporation. The author would be most likely to make which one of the following predictions about the researcher's prospects?\n A. The researcher will probably be unable to use the cell lines because the corporation holding the patent will demand a prohibitively high payment for their use.\n B. The corporation holding the patent will probably successfully sue the researcher for patent infringement if she conducts the research without permission.\n C. The university that employs the researcher will likely prohibit the research in an effort to avoid being sued by the corporation holding the patent.\n D. The researcher has a good chance of not being held liable for patent infringement if she conducts the research and is subsequently sued.\n E. The corporation will probably offer to fund the research if granted exclusive rights to any resulting marketable product.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: Suppose a university researcher wants to conduct basic, noncommercial research involving cell lines patented by a for-profit biotechnology corporation. The author would be most likely to make which one of the following predictions about the researcher's prospects?\n A. The researcher will probably be unable to use the cell lines because the corporation holding the patent will demand a prohibitively high payment for their use.\n B. The corporation holding the patent will probably successfully sue the researcher for patent infringement if she conducts the research without permission.\n C. The university that employs the researcher will likely prohibit the research in an effort to avoid being sued by the corporation holding the patent.\n D. The researcher has a good chance of not being held liable for patent infringement if she conducts the research and is subsequently sued.\n E. The corporation will probably offer to fund the research if granted exclusive rights to any resulting marketable product.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Industries that use biotechnology are convinced that intellectual property protection should be allowable for discoveries that stem from research and have commercial potential. Biotechnology researchers in academic institutions increasingly share this view because of their reliance on research funding that is in part conditional on the patentability of their results. However, questions about the extent to which biotechnology patenting is hindering basic research have recently come to the fore, and the patenting and commercialization of biotechnology inventions are now the focus of increased scrutiny by scientists and policy makers. The perceived threat to basic research relates to restrictions on access to research materials, such as genetic sequences, cell lines, and genetically altered animals. These restrictions are seen as arising either from enforcement of a patent right or through operation of a contractual agreement. Some researchers fear that patenting biological materials will result in the patent holder's attempting or threatening to enjoin further research through a legal action for patent infringement. In other instances, a patent holder or the owner of biological materials may refuse to make such materials available to scientists conducting basic research unless a costly materials-transfer agreement or license agreement is undertaken. For example, the holder of a patent on unique biological materials may want to receive a benefit or compensation for the costs invested in the creation of the material. Academic researchers who oppose biotechnology patents fear that corporate patent holders will charge prohibitively high fees for the right to conduct basic research involving the use of patented materials. While it is true that the communal tradition of freely sharing research materials has shifted to a market model, it is also undoubtedly true that even in the early days of biotechnology, some researchers took measures to prevent competitors from gaining access to materials they had created. Scientists who resist the idea of patenting biotechnology seem to be confusing patent rights with control of access to biological materials. They mistakenly assume that granting a patent implies granting the right to deny access. In reality, whether a patent could or would be enforced against a researcher, particularly one conducting basic and noncommercial research, is questionable. First, patent litigation is an expensive endeavor and one usually initiated only to protect a market position occupied by the patent holder or an exclusive patent licensee. Second, there has been a tradition among judges deciding patent cases to respect a completely noncommercial research exception to patent infringement. Moreover, it is likely that patents will actually spur rather than hinder basic research, because patents provide scientists with a compelling incentive to innovate. Researchers know that patents bring economic rewards as well as a degree of licensing control over the use of their discoveries.\nQuestion: Suppose a university researcher wants to conduct basic, noncommercial research involving cell lines patented by a for-profit biotechnology corporation. The author would be most likely to make which one of the following predictions about the researcher's prospects?\n A. The researcher will probably be unable to use the cell lines because the corporation holding the patent will demand a prohibitively high payment for their use.\n B. The corporation holding the patent will probably successfully sue the researcher for patent infringement if she conducts the research without permission.\n C. The university that employs the researcher will likely prohibit the research in an effort to avoid being sued by the corporation holding the patent.\n D. The researcher has a good chance of not being held liable for patent infringement if she conducts the research and is subsequently sued.\n E. The corporation will probably offer to fund the research if granted exclusive rights to any resulting marketable product.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:200"}
{"index": 163, "query": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The word \"noses\" (line 29) refers to\n A. perfumers\n B. perfume collectors\n C. particular perfumes\n D. people with expertise in marketing perfumes\n E. people with expertise in pricing perfumes\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The word \"noses\" (line 29) refers to\n A. perfumers\n B. perfume collectors\n C. particular perfumes\n D. people with expertise in marketing perfumes\n E. people with expertise in pricing perfumes\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The word \"noses\" (line 29) refers to\n A. perfumers\n B. perfume collectors\n C. particular perfumes\n D. people with expertise in marketing perfumes\n E. people with expertise in pricing perfumes\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The word \"noses\" (line 29) refers to\n A. perfumers\n B. perfume collectors\n C. particular perfumes\n D. people with expertise in marketing perfumes\n E. people with expertise in pricing perfumes\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:163"}
{"index": 101, "query": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The passage contains information that most helps to answer which one of the following questions?\n A. Do any African American visual artists also attempt to emulate African American music in their work?\n B. In what way is Jazz stylistically similar to uther literary works by Morrison?\n C. After the publication of Jazz, did critics quickly acknowledge the innovative nature of the narrative style that Morrison uses in that novel?\n D. How many works by African American writers have been inspired by the music of Duke Ellington?\n E. What characteristic of Jazz is also present in the work of some other African American writers?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The passage contains information that most helps to answer which one of the following questions?\n A. Do any African American visual artists also attempt to emulate African American music in their work?\n B. In what way is Jazz stylistically similar to uther literary works by Morrison?\n C. After the publication of Jazz, did critics quickly acknowledge the innovative nature of the narrative style that Morrison uses in that novel?\n D. How many works by African American writers have been inspired by the music of Duke Ellington?\n E. What characteristic of Jazz is also present in the work of some other African American writers?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The passage contains information that most helps to answer which one of the following questions?\n A. Do any African American visual artists also attempt to emulate African American music in their work?\n B. In what way is Jazz stylistically similar to uther literary works by Morrison?\n C. After the publication of Jazz, did critics quickly acknowledge the innovative nature of the narrative style that Morrison uses in that novel?\n D. How many works by African American writers have been inspired by the music of Duke Ellington?\n E. What characteristic of Jazz is also present in the work of some other African American writers?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: The passage contains information that most helps to answer which one of the following questions?\n A. Do any African American visual artists also attempt to emulate African American music in their work?\n B. In what way is Jazz stylistically similar to uther literary works by Morrison?\n C. After the publication of Jazz, did critics quickly acknowledge the innovative nature of the narrative style that Morrison uses in that novel?\n D. How many works by African American writers have been inspired by the music of Duke Ellington?\n E. What characteristic of Jazz is also present in the work of some other African American writers?\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 117, "query": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Some chemicals that are not known to be directly involved in the growth or metabolism of any species of plant play vital roles in the lives of various kinds of plants.\n B. Most plants that have evolved chemical defense systems against certain insect species are nevertheless used as food by a wide variety of insects that have evolved ways of circumventing those defenses.\n C. Most insects that feed exclusively on certain botanically restricted groups of plants are able to identify these plants by means other than their characteristic taste or smell.\n D. Many secondary substances that are toxic to insects are thought by scientists to have evolved independently in various unrelated species of plants but to have survived in only a few species.\n E. Some toxic substances that are produced by plants evolved in correlation with secondary substances but are not themselves secondary substances.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Some chemicals that are not known to be directly involved in the growth or metabolism of any species of plant play vital roles in the lives of various kinds of plants.\n B. Most plants that have evolved chemical defense systems against certain insect species are nevertheless used as food by a wide variety of insects that have evolved ways of circumventing those defenses.\n C. Most insects that feed exclusively on certain botanically restricted groups of plants are able to identify these plants by means other than their characteristic taste or smell.\n D. Many secondary substances that are toxic to insects are thought by scientists to have evolved independently in various unrelated species of plants but to have survived in only a few species.\n E. Some toxic substances that are produced by plants evolved in correlation with secondary substances but are not themselves secondary substances.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Some chemicals that are not known to be directly involved in the growth or metabolism of any species of plant play vital roles in the lives of various kinds of plants.\n B. Most plants that have evolved chemical defense systems against certain insect species are nevertheless used as food by a wide variety of insects that have evolved ways of circumventing those defenses.\n C. Most insects that feed exclusively on certain botanically restricted groups of plants are able to identify these plants by means other than their characteristic taste or smell.\n D. Many secondary substances that are toxic to insects are thought by scientists to have evolved independently in various unrelated species of plants but to have survived in only a few species.\n E. Some toxic substances that are produced by plants evolved in correlation with secondary substances but are not themselves secondary substances.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for inferring which one of the following?\n A. Some chemicals that are not known to be directly involved in the growth or metabolism of any species of plant play vital roles in the lives of various kinds of plants.\n B. Most plants that have evolved chemical defense systems against certain insect species are nevertheless used as food by a wide variety of insects that have evolved ways of circumventing those defenses.\n C. Most insects that feed exclusively on certain botanically restricted groups of plants are able to identify these plants by means other than their characteristic taste or smell.\n D. Many secondary substances that are toxic to insects are thought by scientists to have evolved independently in various unrelated species of plants but to have survived in only a few species.\n E. Some toxic substances that are produced by plants evolved in correlation with secondary substances but are not themselves secondary substances.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:117"}
{"index": 90, "query": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Each passage discusses the relationship between the reliability of the practice of fingerprint identification and which one of the following?\n A. the ability of a criminal defendant to expose weaknesses in the prosecution's case\n B. the personal integrity of individual fingerprint examiners\n C. differences in the identification practices used by various fingerprint examiners\n D. the partial or smudged prints that are typically used as evidence in criminal cases\n E. use of the holistic approach to fingerprint identification\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Each passage discusses the relationship between the reliability of the practice of fingerprint identification and which one of the following?\n A. the ability of a criminal defendant to expose weaknesses in the prosecution's case\n B. the personal integrity of individual fingerprint examiners\n C. differences in the identification practices used by various fingerprint examiners\n D. the partial or smudged prints that are typically used as evidence in criminal cases\n E. use of the holistic approach to fingerprint identification\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Each passage discusses the relationship between the reliability of the practice of fingerprint identification and which one of the following?\n A. the ability of a criminal defendant to expose weaknesses in the prosecution's case\n B. the personal integrity of individual fingerprint examiners\n C. differences in the identification practices used by various fingerprint examiners\n D. the partial or smudged prints that are typically used as evidence in criminal cases\n E. use of the holistic approach to fingerprint identification\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Each passage discusses the relationship between the reliability of the practice of fingerprint identification and which one of the following?\n A. the ability of a criminal defendant to expose weaknesses in the prosecution's case\n B. the personal integrity of individual fingerprint examiners\n C. differences in the identification practices used by various fingerprint examiners\n D. the partial or smudged prints that are typically used as evidence in criminal cases\n E. use of the holistic approach to fingerprint identification\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 133, "query": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Passage A suggests that an instance of \"capricious enforcement\" (line 32) most likely involves\n A. enforcing the law only to the degree that municipal resources make possible\n B. enforcing the law according to the legislature's intent in passing the laws\n C. prioritizing enforcement of the law according to the amount of damage caused by the crimes\n D. not understanding the difference between the letter of the law and the intent of the law\n E. not following the intent of the legislature in enforcing the law\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Passage A suggests that an instance of \"capricious enforcement\" (line 32) most likely involves\n A. enforcing the law only to the degree that municipal resources make possible\n B. enforcing the law according to the legislature's intent in passing the laws\n C. prioritizing enforcement of the law according to the amount of damage caused by the crimes\n D. not understanding the difference between the letter of the law and the intent of the law\n E. not following the intent of the legislature in enforcing the law\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Passage A suggests that an instance of \"capricious enforcement\" (line 32) most likely involves\n A. enforcing the law only to the degree that municipal resources make possible\n B. enforcing the law according to the legislature's intent in passing the laws\n C. prioritizing enforcement of the law according to the amount of damage caused by the crimes\n D. not understanding the difference between the letter of the law and the intent of the law\n E. not following the intent of the legislature in enforcing the law\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Law enforcement agencies can effectively nullify particular laws, or particular applications of law, simply by declining to prosecute violators. This power appears to be exercised frequently and I attempt here to explain why. Rules of law are almost always overinclusive: read literally, they forbid some conduct that the legislature that formulated the rule did not want to forbid. The costs of precisely tailoring a rule to the conduct intended to be forbidden would be prohibitive given the limitations of human foresight and the inherent ambiguities of language. The more particularly the legislature tries to describe the forbidden conduct, the more loopholes it will create. Enforcing an overinclusive rule to the letter could impose very heavy social costs. The effect would be like punishing an innocent person in order to reduce the probability of acquitting a guilty one. Of course, the danger of punishing the innocent is not a decisive blow against the use of a particular method of law enforcement; the danger must be traded off against the costs of alternative methods that would reduce it. But there is a technique-discretionary nonenforcement-by which the costs of overinclusion can be reduced without a corresponding increase in underinclusion (loopholes). Of course, allowing discretionary nonenforcement does not determine the principle by which the law enforcement agency will select its cases. Conceivably the agency could concentrate its resources on those areas of conduct that had been brought inadvertently within the scope of the rule. But this seems unlikely. Capricious enforcement is not unknown (or even rare) but it does not appear to be the central tendency since legislative oversight assures that the agency does not stray too far from the intended, as distinct from the enacted, regulation being enforced. Passage B The newspaper reported that 231,000 water customers in the city are late paying their bills-some by months, others by decades. In all, these water delinquents owe the city more than $625 million in overdue bills and penalties. So officials are planning to selectively cut the water to a few residences with outstanding bills to show that they are serious about collecting those debts. Officials plan to target only high-income neighborhoods, to make examples of a few privileged residents who will be in no position to complain since they were caught stiffing the system. But property owners are responsible for water bills. So why not just do what every other property-related creditor or tax authority does-attach a lien to the property? The money owed would automatically be available whenever a property was sold, and the threat of negative credit implications would be a powerful incentive to keep current with one's water obligations. Well, here's an answer: a loophole prohibits debts other than taxes from being subject to liens by the city, and, technically, water charges are not taxes. But if the problem is with the law, then why not change the law? Wouldn't that be easier, and politically smarter, than shutting off people's water?\nQuestion: Passage A suggests that an instance of \"capricious enforcement\" (line 32) most likely involves\n A. enforcing the law only to the degree that municipal resources make possible\n B. enforcing the law according to the legislature's intent in passing the laws\n C. prioritizing enforcement of the law according to the amount of damage caused by the crimes\n D. not understanding the difference between the letter of the law and the intent of the law\n E. not following the intent of the legislature in enforcing the law\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:133"}
{"index": 248, "query": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Approximately 40 percent of the African American population left the Southern U.S. between 1915 and 1960-an event historians refer to as the Great Migration.\n B. The Great Migration was triggered by an increased labor demand in the North due to the onset of World War I and a reduced labor demand in the South due to a boll weevil infestation.\n C. Because earlier migrants helped defray the financial costs of migration for later migrants, African American migration to the Nortii accelerated at a time when income differences were narrowing.\n D. In migration movements, earlier migrants reduce the physical costs of moving and provide a cultural and linguistic cushion for later migrants.\n E. Although the Great Migration was initially triggered by the income differential between the North and South, other factors must be cited in order to explain its duration over several decades\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Approximately 40 percent of the African American population left the Southern U.S. between 1915 and 1960-an event historians refer to as the Great Migration.\n B. The Great Migration was triggered by an increased labor demand in the North due to the onset of World War I and a reduced labor demand in the South due to a boll weevil infestation.\n C. Because earlier migrants helped defray the financial costs of migration for later migrants, African American migration to the Nortii accelerated at a time when income differences were narrowing.\n D. In migration movements, earlier migrants reduce the physical costs of moving and provide a cultural and linguistic cushion for later migrants.\n E. Although the Great Migration was initially triggered by the income differential between the North and South, other factors must be cited in order to explain its duration over several decades\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Approximately 40 percent of the African American population left the Southern U.S. between 1915 and 1960-an event historians refer to as the Great Migration.\n B. The Great Migration was triggered by an increased labor demand in the North due to the onset of World War I and a reduced labor demand in the South due to a boll weevil infestation.\n C. Because earlier migrants helped defray the financial costs of migration for later migrants, African American migration to the Nortii accelerated at a time when income differences were narrowing.\n D. In migration movements, earlier migrants reduce the physical costs of moving and provide a cultural and linguistic cushion for later migrants.\n E. Although the Great Migration was initially triggered by the income differential between the North and South, other factors must be cited in order to explain its duration over several decades\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Approximately 40 percent of the African American population left the Southern U.S. between 1915 and 1960-an event historians refer to as the Great Migration.\n B. The Great Migration was triggered by an increased labor demand in the North due to the onset of World War I and a reduced labor demand in the South due to a boll weevil infestation.\n C. Because earlier migrants helped defray the financial costs of migration for later migrants, African American migration to the Nortii accelerated at a time when income differences were narrowing.\n D. In migration movements, earlier migrants reduce the physical costs of moving and provide a cultural and linguistic cushion for later migrants.\n E. Although the Great Migration was initially triggered by the income differential between the North and South, other factors must be cited in order to explain its duration over several decades\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:248"}
{"index": 152, "query": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of terms would most likely be used by the authors of passage A and passage B, respectively, to describe a person who wants to make more money than his or her neighbors?\n A. insular, cosmopolitan\n B. altruistic, egocentric\n C. happy, miserable\n D. misguided, admirable\n E. lucky, primitive\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of terms would most likely be used by the authors of passage A and passage B, respectively, to describe a person who wants to make more money than his or her neighbors?\n A. insular, cosmopolitan\n B. altruistic, egocentric\n C. happy, miserable\n D. misguided, admirable\n E. lucky, primitive\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of terms would most likely be used by the authors of passage A and passage B, respectively, to describe a person who wants to make more money than his or her neighbors?\n A. insular, cosmopolitan\n B. altruistic, egocentric\n C. happy, miserable\n D. misguided, admirable\n E. lucky, primitive\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of terms would most likely be used by the authors of passage A and passage B, respectively, to describe a person who wants to make more money than his or her neighbors?\n A. insular, cosmopolitan\n B. altruistic, egocentric\n C. happy, miserable\n D. misguided, admirable\n E. lucky, primitive\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:152"}
{"index": 28, "query": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes two main functions of the first sentence of the passage?\n A. It disputes a claim that has often been accepted and summarizes Marshall's achievements.\n B. It establishes the passage's main topic and indicates the controversial nature of Marshall's ideologies.\n C. It introduces two aspects of Marshall's career and outlines the historical significance of both.\n D. It identifies Marshall's better-known achievements and suggests that commentary has neglected certain other achievements.\n E. It provides a new perspective on Marshall's achievements and corrects a historical inaccuracy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes two main functions of the first sentence of the passage?\n A. It disputes a claim that has often been accepted and summarizes Marshall's achievements.\n B. It establishes the passage's main topic and indicates the controversial nature of Marshall's ideologies.\n C. It introduces two aspects of Marshall's career and outlines the historical significance of both.\n D. It identifies Marshall's better-known achievements and suggests that commentary has neglected certain other achievements.\n E. It provides a new perspective on Marshall's achievements and corrects a historical inaccuracy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes two main functions of the first sentence of the passage?\n A. It disputes a claim that has often been accepted and summarizes Marshall's achievements.\n B. It establishes the passage's main topic and indicates the controversial nature of Marshall's ideologies.\n C. It introduces two aspects of Marshall's career and outlines the historical significance of both.\n D. It identifies Marshall's better-known achievements and suggests that commentary has neglected certain other achievements.\n E. It provides a new perspective on Marshall's achievements and corrects a historical inaccuracy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately describes two main functions of the first sentence of the passage?\n A. It disputes a claim that has often been accepted and summarizes Marshall's achievements.\n B. It establishes the passage's main topic and indicates the controversial nature of Marshall's ideologies.\n C. It introduces two aspects of Marshall's career and outlines the historical significance of both.\n D. It identifies Marshall's better-known achievements and suggests that commentary has neglected certain other achievements.\n E. It provides a new perspective on Marshall's achievements and corrects a historical inaccuracy.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:28"}
{"index": 139, "query": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Given the manner in which the term \"pathogen\" is used in the passage, and assuming that the prion theory of infection is correct, which one of the following statements must be false?\n A. Nothing that lacks nucleic acid is a pathogen.\n B. Prions are a relatively newly discovered type of pathogen.\n C. All pathogens can cause infection.\n D. Pathogens contribute in some manner to the occurrence of CJD.\n E. There are other pathogens besides viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Given the manner in which the term \"pathogen\" is used in the passage, and assuming that the prion theory of infection is correct, which one of the following statements must be false?\n A. Nothing that lacks nucleic acid is a pathogen.\n B. Prions are a relatively newly discovered type of pathogen.\n C. All pathogens can cause infection.\n D. Pathogens contribute in some manner to the occurrence of CJD.\n E. There are other pathogens besides viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Given the manner in which the term \"pathogen\" is used in the passage, and assuming that the prion theory of infection is correct, which one of the following statements must be false?\n A. Nothing that lacks nucleic acid is a pathogen.\n B. Prions are a relatively newly discovered type of pathogen.\n C. All pathogens can cause infection.\n D. Pathogens contribute in some manner to the occurrence of CJD.\n E. There are other pathogens besides viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Given the manner in which the term \"pathogen\" is used in the passage, and assuming that the prion theory of infection is correct, which one of the following statements must be false?\n A. Nothing that lacks nucleic acid is a pathogen.\n B. Prions are a relatively newly discovered type of pathogen.\n C. All pathogens can cause infection.\n D. Pathogens contribute in some manner to the occurrence of CJD.\n E. There are other pathogens besides viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 258, "query": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following laws would conform most closely to the position articulated by the author of passage A but not that articulated by the author of passage B?\n A. a law that prohibits trading based on information that is not shared by everyone\n B. a law that permits trading based on information gained from analysis of a stock but prohibits trading based on information obtained from one's position within a company\n C. a law that prohibits trading that could reasonably be expected to undermine investors' confidence in the stock market\n D. a law that legalizes selling based on inside information that a stock's price ought to be dropping but prohibits buying based on inside information that it should be rising\n E. a law that legalizes trading based on inside information, as long as that information is not acquired by theft or other unlawful means\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following laws would conform most closely to the position articulated by the author of passage A but not that articulated by the author of passage B?\n A. a law that prohibits trading based on information that is not shared by everyone\n B. a law that permits trading based on information gained from analysis of a stock but prohibits trading based on information obtained from one's position within a company\n C. a law that prohibits trading that could reasonably be expected to undermine investors' confidence in the stock market\n D. a law that legalizes selling based on inside information that a stock's price ought to be dropping but prohibits buying based on inside information that it should be rising\n E. a law that legalizes trading based on inside information, as long as that information is not acquired by theft or other unlawful means\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following laws would conform most closely to the position articulated by the author of passage A but not that articulated by the author of passage B?\n A. a law that prohibits trading based on information that is not shared by everyone\n B. a law that permits trading based on information gained from analysis of a stock but prohibits trading based on information obtained from one's position within a company\n C. a law that prohibits trading that could reasonably be expected to undermine investors' confidence in the stock market\n D. a law that legalizes selling based on inside information that a stock's price ought to be dropping but prohibits buying based on inside information that it should be rising\n E. a law that legalizes trading based on inside information, as long as that information is not acquired by theft or other unlawful means\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: Which one of the following laws would conform most closely to the position articulated by the author of passage A but not that articulated by the author of passage B?\n A. a law that prohibits trading based on information that is not shared by everyone\n B. a law that permits trading based on information gained from analysis of a stock but prohibits trading based on information obtained from one's position within a company\n C. a law that prohibits trading that could reasonably be expected to undermine investors' confidence in the stock market\n D. a law that legalizes selling based on inside information that a stock's price ought to be dropping but prohibits buying based on inside information that it should be rising\n E. a law that legalizes trading based on inside information, as long as that information is not acquired by theft or other unlawful means\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:258"}
{"index": 53, "query": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. The principle of utility maximization provides an economic framework that allows legal scholars to analyze an individual's decision to commit a crime as a rational economic choice that maximizes that individual's expected utility.\n B. Legal scholars have found that deliberate criminal acts are motivated by neither external influences nor individual choices alone but that instead both of these factors are important in the decision to commit a crime.\n C. The utility maximization principle can be used to quantify the effects both of methods of deterrence that revolve around individual factors and of those that emphasize the impact of societal norms on the decision to commit a deliberate crime.\n D. Introduction of the utility maximization principle into the current crime deterrence debate indicates that both sides in the debate offer useful recommendations that can work together in deterring deliberate crime.\n E. The utility maximization principle demonstrates that deliberate criminal acts are the result of the rational economic choices of individuals and are not influenced by societal norms or the policies and practices of societal institutions.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. The principle of utility maximization provides an economic framework that allows legal scholars to analyze an individual's decision to commit a crime as a rational economic choice that maximizes that individual's expected utility.\n B. Legal scholars have found that deliberate criminal acts are motivated by neither external influences nor individual choices alone but that instead both of these factors are important in the decision to commit a crime.\n C. The utility maximization principle can be used to quantify the effects both of methods of deterrence that revolve around individual factors and of those that emphasize the impact of societal norms on the decision to commit a deliberate crime.\n D. Introduction of the utility maximization principle into the current crime deterrence debate indicates that both sides in the debate offer useful recommendations that can work together in deterring deliberate crime.\n E. The utility maximization principle demonstrates that deliberate criminal acts are the result of the rational economic choices of individuals and are not influenced by societal norms or the policies and practices of societal institutions.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. The principle of utility maximization provides an economic framework that allows legal scholars to analyze an individual's decision to commit a crime as a rational economic choice that maximizes that individual's expected utility.\n B. Legal scholars have found that deliberate criminal acts are motivated by neither external influences nor individual choices alone but that instead both of these factors are important in the decision to commit a crime.\n C. The utility maximization principle can be used to quantify the effects both of methods of deterrence that revolve around individual factors and of those that emphasize the impact of societal norms on the decision to commit a deliberate crime.\n D. Introduction of the utility maximization principle into the current crime deterrence debate indicates that both sides in the debate offer useful recommendations that can work together in deterring deliberate crime.\n E. The utility maximization principle demonstrates that deliberate criminal acts are the result of the rational economic choices of individuals and are not influenced by societal norms or the policies and practices of societal institutions.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Determining the most effective way to deter deliberate crimes, such as fraud, as opposed to impulsive crimes, such as crimes of passion, is a problem currently being debated in the legal community. On one side of the debate are those scholars who believe that deliberate crimes are a product of the influence of societal norms and institutions on individuals. These scholars suggest that changing people's beliefs about crime, increasing the access of the most economically alienated individuals to economic institutions, and rehabilitating those convicted of this type of crime will reduce the crime rate. On the other side are those legal scholars who believe that the decision to commit a deliberate crime is primarily the result of individual choice. They suggest that increasing the fines and penalties associated with criminal activity, along with efficacious law enforcement, is the best deterrence method. However, some recent legal scholarship has changed the nature of this debate by introducing an economic principle that shows that these two positions, far from being antithetical, are surprisingly complementary. The economic principle that reconciles the two positions is that of utility maximization, which holds that, given a choice of actions, rational individuals will choose the action that maximizes their anticipated overall satisfaction, or expected utility. The expected utility of an action is ascertained by determining the utilities of the possible outcomes of that action, weighing them according to the likelihood of each outcome's coming to pass, and then adding up those weighted utilities. Using this economic framework, an individual's decision to commit a crime can be analyzed as a rational economic choice. According to the utility maximization principle a person who responds rationally to economic incentives or disincentives will commit a crime if the expected utility from doing so, given the chance of getting caught, exceeds the expected utility from activity that is lawful. Within this framework the two crime-deterrence methods have the same overall effect. For instance, the recommendations on one side of the crime deterrence debate to increase penalties for crimes and strengthen law enforcement result in an increased likelihood of detection and punishment and impose an increased cost to the individual if detected and punished. This lowers the expected utility from criminal activity, thereby making a person less likely to choose to commit a deliberate crime. The recommendations on the other side of the debate, such as increasing the economic opportunities of individuals most alienated from economic institutions, also affect the utility equation. All else being equal, enacting these types of policies will effectively increase the expected utility from lawful activity. This economic analysis demonstrates that the two positions are not fundamentally in conflict, and that the optimal approach to crime deterrence would include elements of both deterrence strategies.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. The principle of utility maximization provides an economic framework that allows legal scholars to analyze an individual's decision to commit a crime as a rational economic choice that maximizes that individual's expected utility.\n B. Legal scholars have found that deliberate criminal acts are motivated by neither external influences nor individual choices alone but that instead both of these factors are important in the decision to commit a crime.\n C. The utility maximization principle can be used to quantify the effects both of methods of deterrence that revolve around individual factors and of those that emphasize the impact of societal norms on the decision to commit a deliberate crime.\n D. Introduction of the utility maximization principle into the current crime deterrence debate indicates that both sides in the debate offer useful recommendations that can work together in deterring deliberate crime.\n E. The utility maximization principle demonstrates that deliberate criminal acts are the result of the rational economic choices of individuals and are not influenced by societal norms or the policies and practices of societal institutions.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:53"}
{"index": 31, "query": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for which one of the following statements?\n A. The ideological motivations for Marshall's work with the NAACP changed during his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court.\n B. Marshall declined to pursue some cases that were in keeping with the NAACP's goals but whose plaintiffs' likely impression on the public he deemed to be unfavorable.\n C. Marshall's tactics were initially opposed by some other members of the NAACP who favored a more traditional approach.\n D. Marshall relied more on expert testimony in lower courts, whose judges were more likely than higher court judges to give weight to statistical evidence.\n E. Marshall's colleagues at the NAACP subsequently revised his methods and extended their applications to areas of law and politics beyond those for which they were designed.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for which one of the following statements?\n A. The ideological motivations for Marshall's work with the NAACP changed during his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court.\n B. Marshall declined to pursue some cases that were in keeping with the NAACP's goals but whose plaintiffs' likely impression on the public he deemed to be unfavorable.\n C. Marshall's tactics were initially opposed by some other members of the NAACP who favored a more traditional approach.\n D. Marshall relied more on expert testimony in lower courts, whose judges were more likely than higher court judges to give weight to statistical evidence.\n E. Marshall's colleagues at the NAACP subsequently revised his methods and extended their applications to areas of law and politics beyond those for which they were designed.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for which one of the following statements?\n A. The ideological motivations for Marshall's work with the NAACP changed during his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court.\n B. Marshall declined to pursue some cases that were in keeping with the NAACP's goals but whose plaintiffs' likely impression on the public he deemed to be unfavorable.\n C. Marshall's tactics were initially opposed by some other members of the NAACP who favored a more traditional approach.\n D. Marshall relied more on expert testimony in lower courts, whose judges were more likely than higher court judges to give weight to statistical evidence.\n E. Marshall's colleagues at the NAACP subsequently revised his methods and extended their applications to areas of law and politics beyond those for which they were designed.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: The passage provides the most support for which one of the following statements?\n A. The ideological motivations for Marshall's work with the NAACP changed during his tenure on the U.S. Supreme Court.\n B. Marshall declined to pursue some cases that were in keeping with the NAACP's goals but whose plaintiffs' likely impression on the public he deemed to be unfavorable.\n C. Marshall's tactics were initially opposed by some other members of the NAACP who favored a more traditional approach.\n D. Marshall relied more on expert testimony in lower courts, whose judges were more likely than higher court judges to give weight to statistical evidence.\n E. Marshall's colleagues at the NAACP subsequently revised his methods and extended their applications to areas of law and politics beyond those for which they were designed.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:31"}
{"index": 62, "query": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests which one of the following about the use of proverbs?\n A. Proverb use is seldom intended to reinforce community-approved norms.\n B. The way in which a proverb is used depends, at least in part, on the community in which it is used.\n C. The most frequent use of proverbs in Mexican American communities is for the purpose of regulating peer-group relationships.\n D. Proverbs are often used to help teach young people languages.\n E. When a proverb is used as an educational tool, it is usually intended to serve more than one purpose.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests which one of the following about the use of proverbs?\n A. Proverb use is seldom intended to reinforce community-approved norms.\n B. The way in which a proverb is used depends, at least in part, on the community in which it is used.\n C. The most frequent use of proverbs in Mexican American communities is for the purpose of regulating peer-group relationships.\n D. Proverbs are often used to help teach young people languages.\n E. When a proverb is used as an educational tool, it is usually intended to serve more than one purpose.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests which one of the following about the use of proverbs?\n A. Proverb use is seldom intended to reinforce community-approved norms.\n B. The way in which a proverb is used depends, at least in part, on the community in which it is used.\n C. The most frequent use of proverbs in Mexican American communities is for the purpose of regulating peer-group relationships.\n D. Proverbs are often used to help teach young people languages.\n E. When a proverb is used as an educational tool, it is usually intended to serve more than one purpose.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Mexican Americans share with speakers of Spanish throughout the world a rich and varied repertoire of proverbs as well as a vital tradition of proverb use. The term \"proverb\" refers to a self-contained saying that can be understood independent of a specific verbal context and that has as its main purpose the carrying of a message or piece of wisdom. The great majority of Spanish-language proverbs reached Mexico from peninsular Spain, though they did not all originate there. Many belong, in fact, to the common proverb tradition of Europe and have exact equivalents in English-language proverbial speech. Each use of a proverb is an individual act whose meaning varies depending on the individual speaker and the particular social context in which the use occurs. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that proverb use is also shaped by the larger community with which the individual interacts. The fact that proverbs often serve a didactic purpose points us to one important function that proverbs serve in Mexican American communities: the instruction of the young. In fact, this function seems to be much more prominent in Mexican tradition in general than in English-speaking traditions. Adolescents of Mexican descent in the United States consistently report the frequent use of proverbs by their parents as a teaching tool, in areas ranging from the inculcation of table manners to the regulation of peer-group relationships. The latter area is a particularly frequent focus of proverb use within Mexican American communities: one of the most frequently used proverbs, for example, translates roughly as, \"Tell me who you run with and I'll tell you who you are.\" Perhaps this emphasis on peer-group relations derives from a sense that traditional, community-approved norms are threatened by those prevalent in the surrounding society, or from a sense that, in dealing with older children especially, parents need to appeal to traditional wisdom to bolster their authority. Another dimension of proverb use within Mexican American communities is that proverbs often serve to foster a consciousness of ethnicity, that is, of membership in a particular ethnic group possessing features that distinguish it from other groups within a multiethnic environment. Even those Mexican American proverbs that do not have an explicitly didactic purpose nevertheless serve as a vehicle for the transmission of both the Spanish language and Mexican culture. It is in these sayings that links to folklore and other aspects of Mexican culture are established and maintained. Proverbs thus provide a means of enhancing Mexican American young people's familiarity with their heritage, thereby strengthening their ties to Mexican tradition.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests which one of the following about the use of proverbs?\n A. Proverb use is seldom intended to reinforce community-approved norms.\n B. The way in which a proverb is used depends, at least in part, on the community in which it is used.\n C. The most frequent use of proverbs in Mexican American communities is for the purpose of regulating peer-group relationships.\n D. Proverbs are often used to help teach young people languages.\n E. When a proverb is used as an educational tool, it is usually intended to serve more than one purpose.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 155, "query": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: The passage indicates that which one of the following is usually a significant factor in laypeople's willingness to support public funding for specific risk-reduction measures?\n A. an expectation about the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved\n B. deference to expert judgments concerning whether the government should intervene\n C. a belief as to whether the risk is incurred voluntarily or involuntarily\n D. a judgment as to whether the risk puts a great number of lives at stake\n E. a consideration of the total resources available for risk reduction\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: The passage indicates that which one of the following is usually a significant factor in laypeople's willingness to support public funding for specific risk-reduction measures?\n A. an expectation about the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved\n B. deference to expert judgments concerning whether the government should intervene\n C. a belief as to whether the risk is incurred voluntarily or involuntarily\n D. a judgment as to whether the risk puts a great number of lives at stake\n E. a consideration of the total resources available for risk reduction\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: The passage indicates that which one of the following is usually a significant factor in laypeople's willingness to support public funding for specific risk-reduction measures?\n A. an expectation about the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved\n B. deference to expert judgments concerning whether the government should intervene\n C. a belief as to whether the risk is incurred voluntarily or involuntarily\n D. a judgment as to whether the risk puts a great number of lives at stake\n E. a consideration of the total resources available for risk reduction\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is generally believed that while in some cases government should intervene to protect people from risk\u2014by imposing air safety standards, for example- in other cases, such as mountain climbing, the onus should be on the individual to protect himself or herself. In the eyes of the public at large, the demarcation between the two kinds of cases has mainly to do with whether the risk in question is incurred voluntarily. This distinction between voluntary and involuntary risk may in fact be the chief difference between lay and expert judgments about risk. Policy experts tend to focus on aggregate lives at stake; laypeople care a great deal whether a risk is undertaken voluntarily. However, judgments about whether a risk is \"involuntary\" often stem from confusion and selective attention, and the real reason for such judgments frequently lies in an antecedent judgment of some other kind. They are thus of little utility in guiding policy decisions. First, it is not easy to determine when a risk is voluntarily incurred. Although voluntariness may be entirely absent in the case of an unforeseeable collision with an asteroid, with most environmental, occupational, and other social risks, it is not an all-or-nothing matter, but rather one of degree. Risks incurred by airline passengers are typically thought to be involuntary, since passengers have no control over whether a plane is going to crash. But they can choose airlines on the basis of safety records or choose not to fly. In characterizing the risks as involuntary, people focus on a small part of a complex interaction, not the decision to fly, but the accident when it occurs. Second, people often characterize risks as \"voluntary\" when they do not approve of the purpose for which people run the risks. It is unlikely that people would want to pour enormous taxpayer resources into lowering the risks associated with skydiving, even if the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved were quite good. By contrast, people would probably not object to spending enormous resources on improving the safety of firefighters, even though the decision to become a firefighter is voluntary. In short, there is no special magic in notions like \"voluntary\" and \"involuntary.\" Therefore, regulatory policy should be guided by a better understanding of the factors that underlie judgments about voluntariness. In general, the government should attempt to save as many lives as it can, subject to the limited public and private resources devoted to risk reduction. Departures from this principle should be justified not by invoking the allegedly voluntary or involuntary nature of a particular risk, but rather by identifying the more specific considerations for which notions of voluntariness serve as proxies.\nQuestion: The passage indicates that which one of the following is usually a significant factor in laypeople's willingness to support public funding for specific risk-reduction measures?\n A. an expectation about the ratio of dollars spent to lives saved\n B. deference to expert judgments concerning whether the government should intervene\n C. a belief as to whether the risk is incurred voluntarily or involuntarily\n D. a judgment as to whether the risk puts a great number of lives at stake\n E. a consideration of the total resources available for risk reduction\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:155"}
{"index": 8, "query": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Critics who raise the objection discussed in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following?\n A. The social and historical circumstances that give rise to a culture's values cannot be understood by members of a culture with different values.\n B. The historical and social circumstances of a culture can play an important role in the development of that culture's values.\n C. It is impossible for one culture to successfully study another culture unless it does so from more than one cultural perspective.\n D. Genuine understanding of another culture is impossible unless that culture shares the same cultural values.\n E. The values of liberalism cannot be adequately understood if we approach them solely through the methods of Western science.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Critics who raise the objection discussed in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following?\n A. The social and historical circumstances that give rise to a culture's values cannot be understood by members of a culture with different values.\n B. The historical and social circumstances of a culture can play an important role in the development of that culture's values.\n C. It is impossible for one culture to successfully study another culture unless it does so from more than one cultural perspective.\n D. Genuine understanding of another culture is impossible unless that culture shares the same cultural values.\n E. The values of liberalism cannot be adequately understood if we approach them solely through the methods of Western science.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Critics who raise the objection discussed in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following?\n A. The social and historical circumstances that give rise to a culture's values cannot be understood by members of a culture with different values.\n B. The historical and social circumstances of a culture can play an important role in the development of that culture's values.\n C. It is impossible for one culture to successfully study another culture unless it does so from more than one cultural perspective.\n D. Genuine understanding of another culture is impossible unless that culture shares the same cultural values.\n E. The values of liberalism cannot be adequately understood if we approach them solely through the methods of Western science.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many educators in Canada and the United States advocate multicultural education as a means of achieving multicultural understanding. There are, however, a variety of proposals as to what multicultural education should consist of. The most modest of these proposals holds that schools and colleges should promote multicultural understanding by teaching about other cultures, teaching which proceeds from within the context of the majority culture. Students should learn about other cultures, proponents claim, but examination of these cultures should operate with the methods, perspectives, and values of the majority culture. These values are typically those of liberalism: democracy, tolerance, and equality of persons. Critics of this first proposal have argued that genuine understanding of other cultures is impossible if the study of other cultures is refracted through the distorting lens of the majority culture's perspective. Not all cultures share liberal values. Their value systems have arisen in often radically different social and historical circumstances, and thus, these critics argue, cannot be understood and adequately appreciated if one insists on approaching them solely from within the majority culture's perspective. In response to this objection, a second version of multicultural education has developed that differs from the first in holding that multicultural education ought to adopt a neutral stance with respect to the value differences among cultures. The values of one culture should not be standards by which others are judged; each culture should be taken on its own terms. However, the methods of examination, study, and explanation of cultures in this second version of multicultural education are still identifiably Western. They are the methods of anthropology, social psychology, political science, and sociology. They are, that is, methods which derive from the Western scientific perspective and heritage. Critics of this second form of multicultural education argue as follows: The Western scientific heritage is founded upon an epistemological system that prizes the objective over the subjective, the logical over the intuitive, and the empirically verifiable over the mystical. The methods of social-scientific examination of cultures are thus already value laden; the choice to examine and understand other cultures by these methods involves a commitment to certain values such as objectivity. Thus, the second version of multicultural education is not essentially different from the first. Scientific discourse has a privileged place in Western cultures, but the discourses of myth, tradition, religion, and mystical insight are often the dominant forms of thought and language of non-Western cultures. To insist on trying to understand nonscientific cultures by the methods of Western science is not only distorting, but is also an expression of an attempt to maintain a Eurocentric cultural chauvinism: the chauvinism of science. According to this objection, it is only by adopting the (often nonscientific) perspectives and methods of the cultures studied that real understanding can be achieved.\nQuestion: Critics who raise the objection discussed in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following?\n A. The social and historical circumstances that give rise to a culture's values cannot be understood by members of a culture with different values.\n B. The historical and social circumstances of a culture can play an important role in the development of that culture's values.\n C. It is impossible for one culture to successfully study another culture unless it does so from more than one cultural perspective.\n D. Genuine understanding of another culture is impossible unless that culture shares the same cultural values.\n E. The values of liberalism cannot be adequately understood if we approach them solely through the methods of Western science.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:8"}
{"index": 29, "query": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of tactics used by an environmental-advocacy public interest law firm is most closely analogous to the strategies that Marshall utilized during his work with the NAACP?\n A. a decision to pursue a pollution case based on its potential legal implications for a large class of related cases; and testimony by a noted medical authority whose data support the claim that the pollution in question causes widespread medical problems\n B. acceptance of a pollution case based on the practical urgency of its expected impact on the environment if a ruling in favor of the plaintiff is rendered; and assignment of the case to the most widely known members of the firm\n C. preference for pursuing a series of cases that are to be tried in courts having a record of decisions that are favorable to environmental interests; and taking these cases to judges who strictly uphold constitutional principles\n D. acceptance of a pollution damage case based primarily on the potential plaintiff's needs; and careful orchestration of pretrial publicity designed to acquaint the public with the relevant issues\n E. thorough and painstaking research of precedents relating to a current pollution case; and consultations with lawyers for the defense regarding a pretrial settlement\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of tactics used by an environmental-advocacy public interest law firm is most closely analogous to the strategies that Marshall utilized during his work with the NAACP?\n A. a decision to pursue a pollution case based on its potential legal implications for a large class of related cases; and testimony by a noted medical authority whose data support the claim that the pollution in question causes widespread medical problems\n B. acceptance of a pollution case based on the practical urgency of its expected impact on the environment if a ruling in favor of the plaintiff is rendered; and assignment of the case to the most widely known members of the firm\n C. preference for pursuing a series of cases that are to be tried in courts having a record of decisions that are favorable to environmental interests; and taking these cases to judges who strictly uphold constitutional principles\n D. acceptance of a pollution damage case based primarily on the potential plaintiff's needs; and careful orchestration of pretrial publicity designed to acquaint the public with the relevant issues\n E. thorough and painstaking research of precedents relating to a current pollution case; and consultations with lawyers for the defense regarding a pretrial settlement\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of tactics used by an environmental-advocacy public interest law firm is most closely analogous to the strategies that Marshall utilized during his work with the NAACP?\n A. a decision to pursue a pollution case based on its potential legal implications for a large class of related cases; and testimony by a noted medical authority whose data support the claim that the pollution in question causes widespread medical problems\n B. acceptance of a pollution case based on the practical urgency of its expected impact on the environment if a ruling in favor of the plaintiff is rendered; and assignment of the case to the most widely known members of the firm\n C. preference for pursuing a series of cases that are to be tried in courts having a record of decisions that are favorable to environmental interests; and taking these cases to judges who strictly uphold constitutional principles\n D. acceptance of a pollution damage case based primarily on the potential plaintiff's needs; and careful orchestration of pretrial publicity designed to acquaint the public with the relevant issues\n E. thorough and painstaking research of precedents relating to a current pollution case; and consultations with lawyers for the defense regarding a pretrial settlement\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most of what has been written about Thurgood Marshall, a former United States Supreme Court justice who served from 1967 to 1991, has just focused on his judicial record and on the ideological content of his earlier achievements as a lawyer pursuing civil rights issues in the courts. But when Marshall's career is viewed from a technical perspective, his work with the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reveals a strategic and methodological legacy to the field of public interest law. Though the NAACP, under Marshall's direction, was not the first legal organization in the U.S. to be driven by a political and social agenda, he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape of public interest law: during the 1940s and 1950s, in their campaign against state-sanctioned racial segregation, Marshall and the NAACP, instead of simply pursuing cases as the opportunity arose, set up a predetermined legal campaign that was meticulously crafted and carefully coordinated. One aspect of this campaign, the test case strategy, involved sponsoring litigation of tactically chosen cases at the trial court level with careful evaluation of the precedential nuances and potential impact of each decision. This allowed Marshall to try out different approaches and discover which was the best to be used. An essential element in the success of this tactic was the explicit recognition that in a public interest legal campaign, choosing the right plaintiff can mean the difference between success and failure. Marshall carefully selected cases with sympathetic litigants, whose public appeal, credibility, and commitment to the NAACP's goals were unsurpassed. In addition, Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics\u2014presented in expert testimony, for example, about the psychological impact of enforced segregation\u2014as a means of transforming constitutional law by persuading the courts that certain discriminatory laws produced public harms in violation of constitutional principles. This tactic, while often effective, has been criticized by some legal scholars as a pragmatic attempt to give judges nonlegal material with which to fill gaps in their justifications for decisions where the purely legal principles appear inconclusive. Since the time of Marshall's work with the NAACP, the number of public interest law firms in the U.S. has grown substantially, and they have widely adopted his combination of strategies for litigation, devoting them to various public purposes. These strategies have been used, for example, in consumer advocacy campaigns and, more recently, by politically conservative public interest lawyers seeking to achieve, through litigation, changes in the law that they have not been able to accomplish in the legislature. If we focus on the particular content of Marshall's goals and successes, it might seem surprising that his work has influenced the quest for such divergent political objectives, but the techniques that he honed\u2014 originally considered to be a radical departure from accepted conventions\u2014have become the norm for U.S. public interest litigation today.\nQuestion: Which one of the following pairs of tactics used by an environmental-advocacy public interest law firm is most closely analogous to the strategies that Marshall utilized during his work with the NAACP?\n A. a decision to pursue a pollution case based on its potential legal implications for a large class of related cases; and testimony by a noted medical authority whose data support the claim that the pollution in question causes widespread medical problems\n B. acceptance of a pollution case based on the practical urgency of its expected impact on the environment if a ruling in favor of the plaintiff is rendered; and assignment of the case to the most widely known members of the firm\n C. preference for pursuing a series of cases that are to be tried in courts having a record of decisions that are favorable to environmental interests; and taking these cases to judges who strictly uphold constitutional principles\n D. acceptance of a pollution damage case based primarily on the potential plaintiff's needs; and careful orchestration of pretrial publicity designed to acquaint the public with the relevant issues\n E. thorough and painstaking research of precedents relating to a current pollution case; and consultations with lawyers for the defense regarding a pretrial settlement\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:29"}
{"index": 235, "query": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements regarding the sign for \"sheep\" (line 6) would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?\n A. It could have been replaced without loss of significance by any other sign that was not already being used for something else.\n B. The sign gets its meaning in a radically different way from the way in which the cuneiform sign for \"metal\" gets its meaning.\n C. The way in which it represent s it s meaning resulted from the fact that sheep are an agricultural commodity rather than a product of human industry.\n D. The way in which it represent s it s meaning was not the subj ect of scientific scrutiny prior to that given it by Schmandt-Besserat.\n E. The abstract nature of the sign reveals a great deal ab out the political life of the people who used the language expressed by uniform writing.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements regarding the sign for \"sheep\" (line 6) would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?\n A. It could have been replaced without loss of significance by any other sign that was not already being used for something else.\n B. The sign gets its meaning in a radically different way from the way in which the cuneiform sign for \"metal\" gets its meaning.\n C. The way in which it represent s it s meaning resulted from the fact that sheep are an agricultural commodity rather than a product of human industry.\n D. The way in which it represent s it s meaning was not the subj ect of scientific scrutiny prior to that given it by Schmandt-Besserat.\n E. The abstract nature of the sign reveals a great deal ab out the political life of the people who used the language expressed by uniform writing.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements regarding the sign for \"sheep\" (line 6) would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?\n A. It could have been replaced without loss of significance by any other sign that was not already being used for something else.\n B. The sign gets its meaning in a radically different way from the way in which the cuneiform sign for \"metal\" gets its meaning.\n C. The way in which it represent s it s meaning resulted from the fact that sheep are an agricultural commodity rather than a product of human industry.\n D. The way in which it represent s it s meaning was not the subj ect of scientific scrutiny prior to that given it by Schmandt-Besserat.\n E. The abstract nature of the sign reveals a great deal ab out the political life of the people who used the language expressed by uniform writing.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: With which one of the following statements regarding the sign for \"sheep\" (line 6) would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?\n A. It could have been replaced without loss of significance by any other sign that was not already being used for something else.\n B. The sign gets its meaning in a radically different way from the way in which the cuneiform sign for \"metal\" gets its meaning.\n C. The way in which it represent s it s meaning resulted from the fact that sheep are an agricultural commodity rather than a product of human industry.\n D. The way in which it represent s it s meaning was not the subj ect of scientific scrutiny prior to that given it by Schmandt-Besserat.\n E. The abstract nature of the sign reveals a great deal ab out the political life of the people who used the language expressed by uniform writing.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:235"}
{"index": 34, "query": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, considered simply a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism, is also an attempt to re-create the emotionally powerful work of earlier abstract expressionists.\n B. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements is not solely a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism but also demonstrates an attempt to achieve realistic and nostalgic effects simultaneously in his paintings.\n C. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements obscures the emotional complexity contained in his paintings, a situation that has prevented his work from being recognized as fine art in the expressionist tradition.\n D. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements appears to mark his paintings as parodic reactions to the whole of abstract expressionism when they are instead a rebellion against the high-mindedness of the later abstract expressionists.\n E. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, though a response to the excessive sophistication of the art world, is itself highly sophisticated in that it manages to reconcile pop art and fine art.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, considered simply a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism, is also an attempt to re-create the emotionally powerful work of earlier abstract expressionists.\n B. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements is not solely a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism but also demonstrates an attempt to achieve realistic and nostalgic effects simultaneously in his paintings.\n C. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements obscures the emotional complexity contained in his paintings, a situation that has prevented his work from being recognized as fine art in the expressionist tradition.\n D. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements appears to mark his paintings as parodic reactions to the whole of abstract expressionism when they are instead a rebellion against the high-mindedness of the later abstract expressionists.\n E. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, though a response to the excessive sophistication of the art world, is itself highly sophisticated in that it manages to reconcile pop art and fine art.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, considered simply a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism, is also an attempt to re-create the emotionally powerful work of earlier abstract expressionists.\n B. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements is not solely a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism but also demonstrates an attempt to achieve realistic and nostalgic effects simultaneously in his paintings.\n C. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements obscures the emotional complexity contained in his paintings, a situation that has prevented his work from being recognized as fine art in the expressionist tradition.\n D. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements appears to mark his paintings as parodic reactions to the whole of abstract expressionism when they are instead a rebellion against the high-mindedness of the later abstract expressionists.\n E. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, though a response to the excessive sophistication of the art world, is itself highly sophisticated in that it manages to reconcile pop art and fine art.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, considered simply a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism, is also an attempt to re-create the emotionally powerful work of earlier abstract expressionists.\n B. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements is not solely a parodic reaction to the high-mindedness of later abstract expressionism but also demonstrates an attempt to achieve realistic and nostalgic effects simultaneously in his paintings.\n C. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements obscures the emotional complexity contained in his paintings, a situation that has prevented his work from being recognized as fine art in the expressionist tradition.\n D. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements appears to mark his paintings as parodic reactions to the whole of abstract expressionism when they are instead a rebellion against the high-mindedness of the later abstract expressionists.\n E. Lichtenstein's use of comic book elements in his paintings, though a response to the excessive sophistication of the art world, is itself highly sophisticated in that it manages to reconcile pop art and fine art.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 247, "query": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would, if true, most call into question the claim in lines 49-51 of the passage?\n A. Most people value the fulfillment of their own preferences over the fulfillment of the preferences of strangers.\n B. It is impossible in practice for people to be ignorant of their stations in life, abilities, and tastes.\n C. Some people would be willing to risk acomplete loss of one primary good for the chance of obtaining an enormous amount of another primary good.\n D. Few people believe that they would be satisfied with only a minimum amount of primary goods.\n E. People tend to overestimate the resources available for distribution and to underestimate their own needs.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would, if true, most call into question the claim in lines 49-51 of the passage?\n A. Most people value the fulfillment of their own preferences over the fulfillment of the preferences of strangers.\n B. It is impossible in practice for people to be ignorant of their stations in life, abilities, and tastes.\n C. Some people would be willing to risk acomplete loss of one primary good for the chance of obtaining an enormous amount of another primary good.\n D. Few people believe that they would be satisfied with only a minimum amount of primary goods.\n E. People tend to overestimate the resources available for distribution and to underestimate their own needs.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would, if true, most call into question the claim in lines 49-51 of the passage?\n A. Most people value the fulfillment of their own preferences over the fulfillment of the preferences of strangers.\n B. It is impossible in practice for people to be ignorant of their stations in life, abilities, and tastes.\n C. Some people would be willing to risk acomplete loss of one primary good for the chance of obtaining an enormous amount of another primary good.\n D. Few people believe that they would be satisfied with only a minimum amount of primary goods.\n E. People tend to overestimate the resources available for distribution and to underestimate their own needs.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "To understand John Rawls's theory of justice, one first needs to grasp what he was reacting against. The dominant approach in pre-Rawls political philosophy was utilitarianism, which emphasized maximizing the fulfillment of peopled preferences. At first sight, utilitarianism seems plausible-what else should we do but try to achieve the most satisfaction possible for the greatest number of people?-but the theory has some odd consequences. Suppose executing an innocent person will appease a mob, and that doing so will therefore increase total satisfaction. Incredibly, a utilitarian would have to endorse the execution. Rawls accordingly complains that, in the utilitarian view, there is no reason \"why the violation of the liberty of a few might not be made right by the greater good shared by many.\" If we reject utilitarianism and its view about the aim of the good life, how can we know what justice requires? Rawls offers an ingenious answer. He asserts that even if people do not agree on the aim of the good life, they can accept a fair procedure for settling what the principles of justice should be. This is key to Rawls's theory: Whatever arises from a fair procedure is just. But what is a fair procedure? Rawls again has a clever approach, beginning with his famous veil of ignorance. Suppose five children have to divide a cake among themselves. One child cuts the cake but does not know who will get which shares. The child is likely to divide the cake into equal shares to avoid the possibility of receiving the smallest share, an arrangement that the others will also admit to be fair. By denying the child information that would bias the result, a fair outcome can be achieved. Rawls generalizes the point of this example of the veil of ignorance. His thought experiment features a situation, which he calls the original position, in which people are self-interested but do not know their own station in life, abilities, tastes, or even gender. Under the limits of this ignorance, individuals motivated by self-interest endeavor to arrive at a solution in which they will not lose, because nobody loses. The result will be a just arrangement. Rawls thinks that people, regardless of their plan of life,want certain \"primary goods.\" These include rights and liberties, powers and opportunities, and income and wealth. Without these primary goods, people cannot accomplish their goals, whatever they may be. Hence, any individual in the original position will agree that everyone should get at least a minimum amount of these primary goods. Unfortunately, this is an inherently redistributionist idea, since the primary goods are not natural properties of human beings. If someone lacks a primary good, it must be provided, at the expense of others if necessary.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would, if true, most call into question the claim in lines 49-51 of the passage?\n A. Most people value the fulfillment of their own preferences over the fulfillment of the preferences of strangers.\n B. It is impossible in practice for people to be ignorant of their stations in life, abilities, and tastes.\n C. Some people would be willing to risk acomplete loss of one primary good for the chance of obtaining an enormous amount of another primary good.\n D. Few people believe that they would be satisfied with only a minimum amount of primary goods.\n E. People tend to overestimate the resources available for distribution and to underestimate their own needs.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:247"}
{"index": 94, "query": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. In Jazz, Morrison has realized a significant artistic achievement in creating the first African American work of fiction whose plot, themes, and setting are all drawn from the world of jazz.\n B. Morrison's striking description of a musical ensemble perfurmance containing solo improvisations constitutes an important artistic innovation and makes Jazz an important model for other writers.\n C. Although many African American writers have used music as a central metaphor in their works, Morrison's 1992 novel is unique and innovative for using jazz as its central metaphor.\n D. Building on the works of many African American writers and musical composers, Morrison has over the years developed an innovative jazzlike style of narration, which she used especially effectively in the novel Jazz.\n E. In Jazz, Morrison has succeeded in creating an original and effective narrative strategy that is a literary analogne of Duke Ellington's style of musical composition.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. In Jazz, Morrison has realized a significant artistic achievement in creating the first African American work of fiction whose plot, themes, and setting are all drawn from the world of jazz.\n B. Morrison's striking description of a musical ensemble perfurmance containing solo improvisations constitutes an important artistic innovation and makes Jazz an important model for other writers.\n C. Although many African American writers have used music as a central metaphor in their works, Morrison's 1992 novel is unique and innovative for using jazz as its central metaphor.\n D. Building on the works of many African American writers and musical composers, Morrison has over the years developed an innovative jazzlike style of narration, which she used especially effectively in the novel Jazz.\n E. In Jazz, Morrison has succeeded in creating an original and effective narrative strategy that is a literary analogne of Duke Ellington's style of musical composition.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. In Jazz, Morrison has realized a significant artistic achievement in creating the first African American work of fiction whose plot, themes, and setting are all drawn from the world of jazz.\n B. Morrison's striking description of a musical ensemble perfurmance containing solo improvisations constitutes an important artistic innovation and makes Jazz an important model for other writers.\n C. Although many African American writers have used music as a central metaphor in their works, Morrison's 1992 novel is unique and innovative for using jazz as its central metaphor.\n D. Building on the works of many African American writers and musical composers, Morrison has over the years developed an innovative jazzlike style of narration, which she used especially effectively in the novel Jazz.\n E. In Jazz, Morrison has succeeded in creating an original and effective narrative strategy that is a literary analogne of Duke Ellington's style of musical composition.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Music and literature, rivals among the arts, have not coexisted without intruding on each other's terrain. Ever since what we think of as \"literature\" developed out of the sounds of spoken, sung, and chanted art, writing bas aspired to the condition of music, in which fonn contnbutes significantly to content. Nowhere is this truer than in the African American tradition, whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art. But while many African American writers have used musicians and music as theme and metaphor in their writing, none had attempted to draw upon a musical genre as the structuring principle for an entire novel until Toni Morrison did so in her 1992 novel Jazz, a novel set in the Harlem section of New York City in 1926 . In Jazz, the connection to music is found not only in the novel's plot but, more strikingly, in the way in which the story is told. The narration slips easily from the third-person omniscience of the narrator's disembodied voice-which, though sensitive and sympathetic, claims no particular identity, gender, or immersion in specific social circumstances-to the first-person lyricism of key characters. But throughout these shifts, the narrator is both generous with the characters' voices and protective of his or her mastery over the narrative as a whole. On the one hand, the central characters are given the responsibility of relating their parts of the overarching story, but on the other hand, their sections are set offby quotation maIks, reminders that the narrator is allowing them to speak.. In this way, the narrative is analogous in structure to the playing of a jazz hand which intertwines its ensemble sound with the individuality of emhedded solo perfunnances. In jazz, composer and conductor Duke Ellington was the first to construct his compositions with his individual musicians and their unique \"voices\" in mind. Yet no matter how lengthy his musicians' improvisations, no matter how bold or inventive their solos might be, they always performed within the undeniable logic of the composer's frame-they always, in other words, performed as ifwith quotation marks ar01md their improvisations and solos. It is this same effect that Toni Morrison has achieved in Jazz, a literary rendering of an art of composition that Duke Ellington perfected around the time in which Jazz is set. In this novel, Morrison has found a way, paradoxically, to create the sense of an ensemble of characters improvising within the fixed scope of a carefully constructed collective narration. By simulating the style of a genius of music while exhibiting Morrison's own linguistic virtuosity, Jazz serves to redefine the very possibilities of narrative point of view.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?\n A. In Jazz, Morrison has realized a significant artistic achievement in creating the first African American work of fiction whose plot, themes, and setting are all drawn from the world of jazz.\n B. Morrison's striking description of a musical ensemble perfurmance containing solo improvisations constitutes an important artistic innovation and makes Jazz an important model for other writers.\n C. Although many African American writers have used music as a central metaphor in their works, Morrison's 1992 novel is unique and innovative for using jazz as its central metaphor.\n D. Building on the works of many African American writers and musical composers, Morrison has over the years developed an innovative jazzlike style of narration, which she used especially effectively in the novel Jazz.\n E. In Jazz, Morrison has succeeded in creating an original and effective narrative strategy that is a literary analogne of Duke Ellington's style of musical composition.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:94"}
{"index": 257, "query": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to agree that\n A. insider trading tends to undermine investor confidence in the stock market\n B. all information should be available to all market participants at the same time\n C. it is appropriate for investors to seek to gain an advantage by superior stock analysis\n D. insider nontrading should be regulated to the same extent as insider trading\n E. insider trading is the best means for disseminating information possessed by insiders\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to agree that\n A. insider trading tends to undermine investor confidence in the stock market\n B. all information should be available to all market participants at the same time\n C. it is appropriate for investors to seek to gain an advantage by superior stock analysis\n D. insider nontrading should be regulated to the same extent as insider trading\n E. insider trading is the best means for disseminating information possessed by insiders\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to agree that\n A. insider trading tends to undermine investor confidence in the stock market\n B. all information should be available to all market participants at the same time\n C. it is appropriate for investors to seek to gain an advantage by superior stock analysis\n D. insider nontrading should be regulated to the same extent as insider trading\n E. insider trading is the best means for disseminating information possessed by insiders\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The authors would be most likely to agree that\n A. insider trading tends to undermine investor confidence in the stock market\n B. all information should be available to all market participants at the same time\n C. it is appropriate for investors to seek to gain an advantage by superior stock analysis\n D. insider nontrading should be regulated to the same extent as insider trading\n E. insider trading is the best means for disseminating information possessed by insiders\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:257"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: The author of passage B would be most likely to regard the conclusion that the Solnick and Hemenway study points to the existence of a \"phenomenon of rivalry\" (line 24) as\n A. ungenerous in its view of human nature and mistaken in its interpretation of the evidence\n B. flattering in its implications about human nature but only weakly supported by the available evidence\n C. plausible in its account of human nature but based largely upon ambiguous evidence\n D. unflattering in its implications about human nature but more or less valid in the conclusions drawn from the evidence\n E. accurate concerning human nature and strongly supported by the evidence\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: The author of passage B would be most likely to regard the conclusion that the Solnick and Hemenway study points to the existence of a \"phenomenon of rivalry\" (line 24) as\n A. ungenerous in its view of human nature and mistaken in its interpretation of the evidence\n B. flattering in its implications about human nature but only weakly supported by the available evidence\n C. plausible in its account of human nature but based largely upon ambiguous evidence\n D. unflattering in its implications about human nature but more or less valid in the conclusions drawn from the evidence\n E. accurate concerning human nature and strongly supported by the evidence\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: The author of passage B would be most likely to regard the conclusion that the Solnick and Hemenway study points to the existence of a \"phenomenon of rivalry\" (line 24) as\n A. ungenerous in its view of human nature and mistaken in its interpretation of the evidence\n B. flattering in its implications about human nature but only weakly supported by the available evidence\n C. plausible in its account of human nature but based largely upon ambiguous evidence\n D. unflattering in its implications about human nature but more or less valid in the conclusions drawn from the evidence\n E. accurate concerning human nature and strongly supported by the evidence\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: The author of passage B would be most likely to regard the conclusion that the Solnick and Hemenway study points to the existence of a \"phenomenon of rivalry\" (line 24) as\n A. ungenerous in its view of human nature and mistaken in its interpretation of the evidence\n B. flattering in its implications about human nature but only weakly supported by the available evidence\n C. plausible in its account of human nature but based largely upon ambiguous evidence\n D. unflattering in its implications about human nature but more or less valid in the conclusions drawn from the evidence\n E. accurate concerning human nature and strongly supported by the evidence\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 232, "query": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the token system\n A. was eventually abandoned because it was not capable of representing quantity and other abstractions\n B. came to designate a broad range of objects as the crafts of the people who used it became more diverse and sophisticated\n C. could be understood only because some tokens were inscribed with symbols known to represent agricultural products\n D. was originally thought by most archaeologists to have had a primarily religious function\n E. became physically unwieldy and cumbersome as it s users agricultural products became more diverse\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the token system\n A. was eventually abandoned because it was not capable of representing quantity and other abstractions\n B. came to designate a broad range of objects as the crafts of the people who used it became more diverse and sophisticated\n C. could be understood only because some tokens were inscribed with symbols known to represent agricultural products\n D. was originally thought by most archaeologists to have had a primarily religious function\n E. became physically unwieldy and cumbersome as it s users agricultural products became more diverse\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the token system\n A. was eventually abandoned because it was not capable of representing quantity and other abstractions\n B. came to designate a broad range of objects as the crafts of the people who used it became more diverse and sophisticated\n C. could be understood only because some tokens were inscribed with symbols known to represent agricultural products\n D. was originally thought by most archaeologists to have had a primarily religious function\n E. became physically unwieldy and cumbersome as it s users agricultural products became more diverse\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the token system\n A. was eventually abandoned because it was not capable of representing quantity and other abstractions\n B. came to designate a broad range of objects as the crafts of the people who used it became more diverse and sophisticated\n C. could be understood only because some tokens were inscribed with symbols known to represent agricultural products\n D. was originally thought by most archaeologists to have had a primarily religious function\n E. became physically unwieldy and cumbersome as it s users agricultural products became more diverse\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:232"}
{"index": 260, "query": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The passages' references to the analysis of information about stocks (lines 11-14, lines 40-42) are related in which one of the following ways?\n A. Passage A presents it as unnecessary, since all relevant information is already reflected in stock prices, whereas passage B presents it as necessary for making sound investment decisions.\n B. Passage A uses it as an example of an activity that compensates for the market's lack of transparency, whereas passage B uses it as an example of an activity whose viability is conditional upon the transparency of the market.\n C. Passage A presents it as an activity that gives some investors an unfair advantage over others, whereas passage B presents it as an activity that increases the transparency of the market.\n D. Passage A presents it as comparable to the acquisition of inside information, whereas passage B contrasts it with the acquisition of inside information.\n E. Passage A treats it as an option available only to brokers and other stock-market professionals, whereas passage B treats it as an option available to ordinary investors as well.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The passages' references to the analysis of information about stocks (lines 11-14, lines 40-42) are related in which one of the following ways?\n A. Passage A presents it as unnecessary, since all relevant information is already reflected in stock prices, whereas passage B presents it as necessary for making sound investment decisions.\n B. Passage A uses it as an example of an activity that compensates for the market's lack of transparency, whereas passage B uses it as an example of an activity whose viability is conditional upon the transparency of the market.\n C. Passage A presents it as an activity that gives some investors an unfair advantage over others, whereas passage B presents it as an activity that increases the transparency of the market.\n D. Passage A presents it as comparable to the acquisition of inside information, whereas passage B contrasts it with the acquisition of inside information.\n E. Passage A treats it as an option available only to brokers and other stock-market professionals, whereas passage B treats it as an option available to ordinary investors as well.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The passages' references to the analysis of information about stocks (lines 11-14, lines 40-42) are related in which one of the following ways?\n A. Passage A presents it as unnecessary, since all relevant information is already reflected in stock prices, whereas passage B presents it as necessary for making sound investment decisions.\n B. Passage A uses it as an example of an activity that compensates for the market's lack of transparency, whereas passage B uses it as an example of an activity whose viability is conditional upon the transparency of the market.\n C. Passage A presents it as an activity that gives some investors an unfair advantage over others, whereas passage B presents it as an activity that increases the transparency of the market.\n D. Passage A presents it as comparable to the acquisition of inside information, whereas passage B contrasts it with the acquisition of inside information.\n E. Passage A treats it as an option available only to brokers and other stock-market professionals, whereas passage B treats it as an option available to ordinary investors as well.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Insider-trading law makes it a crime to make stock transactions, or help others make stock transactions, based on information you have ahead of the general public because of your special position within a company. However, trading based on information you have that everyone else doesn't-isn't this part of the very definition of a functioning stock market? The entire field of stock brokering is based on people gaining knowledge that others don't have and then using it to profit themselves or their clients. If you analyze a stock, decide that it is overvalued, and sell it, you are taking advantage of knowledge that many others don?t have. That doesn't make you a criminal; it means you've done your homework. Stock markets work best when all the relevant information about a company is spread as widely as possible, as quickly as possible. Stock prices represent a constantly shifting amalgamation of everyone's information about and evaluations of a company's value. It helps when those who have accurate information about changing circumstances are permitted to act so that stock prices reflect them. Someone selling a stock because they know something will happen soon that will lower the stock's value helps spread the knowledge that the price ought to be dropping. Such actions help ensure that stock prices do reflect a more accurate assessment of all the relevant facts. That's good for everyone in the stock market. When contemplating insider-trading law, it helps to consider a far more widespread practice: \"insider nontrading\"-stock sales or purchases that would have been made, but aren't because of inside knowledge. This is certainly happening every day, and rightfully so. No one would think to lock someone up for it. Passage B One of the basic principles of the stock market is transparency. In a transparent market, information that influences trading decisions is available to all participants at the same time. Success in the market can then be gained only by skill in analyzing the information and making good investing decisions. In a transparent stock market-everyone has the same chance of making a good investment, and success is based on individual merit and skill. In insider-trading situations, some people make investment decisions based on information that other people don't have. People who don't have access to the inside information can make similarly informed investment decisions. That unfairly compromises the market: people with inside information can make informed trade decisions far before everyone else, making it difficult or impossible for other people to earn money in the stock market. This, in turn, causes a loss of investor confidence and could ultimately destroy the market. People invest in the stock market because they believe they can make money. The whole point of capital investments is to make good investing decisions and make money over time. If investors believe they can't make money, they won't invest. Undermining investor confidence would thus deny companies access to the funds they need to grow and be successful, and it could ultimately lead to widespread financial repercussions.\nQuestion: The passages' references to the analysis of information about stocks (lines 11-14, lines 40-42) are related in which one of the following ways?\n A. Passage A presents it as unnecessary, since all relevant information is already reflected in stock prices, whereas passage B presents it as necessary for making sound investment decisions.\n B. Passage A uses it as an example of an activity that compensates for the market's lack of transparency, whereas passage B uses it as an example of an activity whose viability is conditional upon the transparency of the market.\n C. Passage A presents it as an activity that gives some investors an unfair advantage over others, whereas passage B presents it as an activity that increases the transparency of the market.\n D. Passage A presents it as comparable to the acquisition of inside information, whereas passage B contrasts it with the acquisition of inside information.\n E. Passage A treats it as an option available only to brokers and other stock-market professionals, whereas passage B treats it as an option available to ordinary investors as well.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:260"}
{"index": 71, "query": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would regard which one of the following as a mistaken assumption underlying arguments like that made in passage A?\n A. Most of the physical features characteristic of modern humans developed as the result of evolutionary pressures.\n B. Any action performed by an early human was necessarily orchestrated by that individual's genes to promote the genes' self-propagation.\n C. To explain a type of human behavior in evolutionary terms, it is sufficient to show that the behavior would have improved the reproductive success of early humans.\n D. Evolutionary psychology can be used to explain human behavior but not animal behavior, since animal behavior is driven largely by instinct.\n E. Most early human behaviors that significantly hindered reproductive success were eliminated by evolutionary competition.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would regard which one of the following as a mistaken assumption underlying arguments like that made in passage A?\n A. Most of the physical features characteristic of modern humans developed as the result of evolutionary pressures.\n B. Any action performed by an early human was necessarily orchestrated by that individual's genes to promote the genes' self-propagation.\n C. To explain a type of human behavior in evolutionary terms, it is sufficient to show that the behavior would have improved the reproductive success of early humans.\n D. Evolutionary psychology can be used to explain human behavior but not animal behavior, since animal behavior is driven largely by instinct.\n E. Most early human behaviors that significantly hindered reproductive success were eliminated by evolutionary competition.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would regard which one of the following as a mistaken assumption underlying arguments like that made in passage A?\n A. Most of the physical features characteristic of modern humans developed as the result of evolutionary pressures.\n B. Any action performed by an early human was necessarily orchestrated by that individual's genes to promote the genes' self-propagation.\n C. To explain a type of human behavior in evolutionary terms, it is sufficient to show that the behavior would have improved the reproductive success of early humans.\n D. Evolutionary psychology can be used to explain human behavior but not animal behavior, since animal behavior is driven largely by instinct.\n E. Most early human behaviors that significantly hindered reproductive success were eliminated by evolutionary competition.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would regard which one of the following as a mistaken assumption underlying arguments like that made in passage A?\n A. Most of the physical features characteristic of modern humans developed as the result of evolutionary pressures.\n B. Any action performed by an early human was necessarily orchestrated by that individual's genes to promote the genes' self-propagation.\n C. To explain a type of human behavior in evolutionary terms, it is sufficient to show that the behavior would have improved the reproductive success of early humans.\n D. Evolutionary psychology can be used to explain human behavior but not animal behavior, since animal behavior is driven largely by instinct.\n E. Most early human behaviors that significantly hindered reproductive success were eliminated by evolutionary competition.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:71"}
{"index": 113, "query": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. In at least some cases, the dependence of corridos on ready-made lines hindered the efforts of corrido makers to use metaphor effectively.\n B. The corrido is unique among ballad forms because it uses language that is familiar mainly to local audiences.\n C. Much of the imagery used in corridos can also be identified in ballads from Spain.\n D. The reportorial capability of corridos was probably enhanced by their freedom from the constraints of rhymed ballad forms.\n E. A corrido without a surviving despedida would\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. In at least some cases, the dependence of corridos on ready-made lines hindered the efforts of corrido makers to use metaphor effectively.\n B. The corrido is unique among ballad forms because it uses language that is familiar mainly to local audiences.\n C. Much of the imagery used in corridos can also be identified in ballads from Spain.\n D. The reportorial capability of corridos was probably enhanced by their freedom from the constraints of rhymed ballad forms.\n E. A corrido without a surviving despedida would\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. In at least some cases, the dependence of corridos on ready-made lines hindered the efforts of corrido makers to use metaphor effectively.\n B. The corrido is unique among ballad forms because it uses language that is familiar mainly to local audiences.\n C. Much of the imagery used in corridos can also be identified in ballads from Spain.\n D. The reportorial capability of corridos was probably enhanced by their freedom from the constraints of rhymed ballad forms.\n E. A corrido without a surviving despedida would\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. In at least some cases, the dependence of corridos on ready-made lines hindered the efforts of corrido makers to use metaphor effectively.\n B. The corrido is unique among ballad forms because it uses language that is familiar mainly to local audiences.\n C. Much of the imagery used in corridos can also be identified in ballads from Spain.\n D. The reportorial capability of corridos was probably enhanced by their freedom from the constraints of rhymed ballad forms.\n E. A corrido without a surviving despedida would\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:113"}
{"index": 208, "query": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in passage A and illustrated in passage B?\n A. repudiating an experimental result\n B. revising a theory\n C. disproving a theory\n D. predicting a planet's orbit\n E. theories that are not testable by experiment\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in passage A and illustrated in passage B?\n A. repudiating an experimental result\n B. revising a theory\n C. disproving a theory\n D. predicting a planet's orbit\n E. theories that are not testable by experiment\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in passage A and illustrated in passage B?\n A. repudiating an experimental result\n B. revising a theory\n C. disproving a theory\n D. predicting a planet's orbit\n E. theories that are not testable by experiment\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in passage A and illustrated in passage B?\n A. repudiating an experimental result\n B. revising a theory\n C. disproving a theory\n D. predicting a planet's orbit\n E. theories that are not testable by experiment\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:208"}
{"index": 147, "query": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the colleagues mentioned in line 33?\n A. They were partly correct in recommending that Dunham change her methods of data collection, since injury sustained during fieldwork might have compromised her research.\n B. They were partly correct in advising Dunham to exercise initial caution in participating in the Caribbean dances, since her skill in performing them improved with experience.\n C. They were incorrect in advising Dunham to increase the degree of her detachment, since extensive personal investment in fieldwork generally enhances scientific rigor.\n D. They were incorrect in assuming that researchers in the social sciences are able to gather data in an entirely objective manner.\n E. They were incorrect in assuming that dance could be studied with the same degree of scientific rigor possible in other areas of ethnology.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the colleagues mentioned in line 33?\n A. They were partly correct in recommending that Dunham change her methods of data collection, since injury sustained during fieldwork might have compromised her research.\n B. They were partly correct in advising Dunham to exercise initial caution in participating in the Caribbean dances, since her skill in performing them improved with experience.\n C. They were incorrect in advising Dunham to increase the degree of her detachment, since extensive personal investment in fieldwork generally enhances scientific rigor.\n D. They were incorrect in assuming that researchers in the social sciences are able to gather data in an entirely objective manner.\n E. They were incorrect in assuming that dance could be studied with the same degree of scientific rigor possible in other areas of ethnology.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the colleagues mentioned in line 33?\n A. They were partly correct in recommending that Dunham change her methods of data collection, since injury sustained during fieldwork might have compromised her research.\n B. They were partly correct in advising Dunham to exercise initial caution in participating in the Caribbean dances, since her skill in performing them improved with experience.\n C. They were incorrect in advising Dunham to increase the degree of her detachment, since extensive personal investment in fieldwork generally enhances scientific rigor.\n D. They were incorrect in assuming that researchers in the social sciences are able to gather data in an entirely objective manner.\n E. They were incorrect in assuming that dance could be studied with the same degree of scientific rigor possible in other areas of ethnology.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the colleagues mentioned in line 33?\n A. They were partly correct in recommending that Dunham change her methods of data collection, since injury sustained during fieldwork might have compromised her research.\n B. They were partly correct in advising Dunham to exercise initial caution in participating in the Caribbean dances, since her skill in performing them improved with experience.\n C. They were incorrect in advising Dunham to increase the degree of her detachment, since extensive personal investment in fieldwork generally enhances scientific rigor.\n D. They were incorrect in assuming that researchers in the social sciences are able to gather data in an entirely objective manner.\n E. They were incorrect in assuming that dance could be studied with the same degree of scientific rigor possible in other areas of ethnology.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:147"}
{"index": 45, "query": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. The profits derived from computer technology have accrued to fewer people than have the profits derived from any other technological development.\n B. Often the desire of some people for profits motivates changes that are beneficial for large numbers of other people.\n C. National boundaries are rarely barriers to the democratizing spread of technology.\n D. Typically, investment in technology is riskier than many other sorts of investment.\n E. Greater geographical mobility of populations has contributed to the profits of entrepreneurs and investors in technology.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. The profits derived from computer technology have accrued to fewer people than have the profits derived from any other technological development.\n B. Often the desire of some people for profits motivates changes that are beneficial for large numbers of other people.\n C. National boundaries are rarely barriers to the democratizing spread of technology.\n D. Typically, investment in technology is riskier than many other sorts of investment.\n E. Greater geographical mobility of populations has contributed to the profits of entrepreneurs and investors in technology.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. The profits derived from computer technology have accrued to fewer people than have the profits derived from any other technological development.\n B. Often the desire of some people for profits motivates changes that are beneficial for large numbers of other people.\n C. National boundaries are rarely barriers to the democratizing spread of technology.\n D. Typically, investment in technology is riskier than many other sorts of investment.\n E. Greater geographical mobility of populations has contributed to the profits of entrepreneurs and investors in technology.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Because the market system enables entrepreneurs and investors who develop new technology to reap financial rewards from their risk of capital, it may seem that the primary result of this activity is that some people who have spare capital accumulate more. But in spite of the fact that the profits derived from various technological developments have accrued to relatively few people, the developments themselves have served overall as a remarkable democratizing force. In fact, under the regime of the market, the gap in benefits accruing to different groups of people has been narrowed in the long term. This tendency can be seen in various well-known technological developments. For example, before the printing press was introduced centuries ago, few people had access to written materials, much less to scribes and private secretaries to produce and transcribe documents. Since printed materials have become widely available, however, people without special position or resources\u2014and in numbers once thought impossible\u2014can take literacy and the use of printed texts for granted. With the distribution of books and periodicals in public libraries, this process has been extended to the point where people in general can have essentially equal access to a vast range of texts that would once have been available only to a very few. A more recent technological development extends this process beyond printed documents. A child in school with access to a personal computer and modem\u2014 which is becoming fairly common in technologically advanced societies\u2014has computing power and database access equal to that of the best-connected scientists and engineers at top-level labs of just fifteen years ago, a time when relatively few people had personal access to any computing power. Or consider the uses of technology for leisure. In previous centuries only a few people with abundant resources had the ability and time to hire professional entertainment, and to have contact through travel and written communication\u2014both of which were prohibitively expensive\u2014with distant people. But now broadcast technology is widely available, and so almost anyone can have an entertainment cornucopia unimagined in earlier times. Similarly, the development of inexpensive mail distribution and telephone connections and, more recently, the establishment of the even more efficient medium of electronic mail have greatly extended the power of distant communication. This kind of gradual diffusion of benefits across society is not an accident of these particular technological developments, but rather the result of a general tendency of the market system. Entrepreneurs and investors often are unable to maximize financial success without expanding their market, and this involves structuring their prices to the consumers so as to make their technologies genuinely accessible to an ever-larger share of the population. In other words, because market competition drives prices down, it tends to diffuse access to new technology across society as a result.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which one of the following statements?\n A. The profits derived from computer technology have accrued to fewer people than have the profits derived from any other technological development.\n B. Often the desire of some people for profits motivates changes that are beneficial for large numbers of other people.\n C. National boundaries are rarely barriers to the democratizing spread of technology.\n D. Typically, investment in technology is riskier than many other sorts of investment.\n E. Greater geographical mobility of populations has contributed to the profits of entrepreneurs and investors in technology.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:45"}
{"index": 186, "query": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The author of the passage expresses uncertainty with regard to which one of the following?\n A. whether or not one can assume that the increase in the number of Mexican Americans born in the United States led to an increase in Mexican American political activism\n B. whether or not historians preceding Garcia were correct in their assumptions about Mexican Americans who were politically active between 1930 and 1960\n C. whether or not there was general consensus among Mexican American political activists between 1930 and 1960\n D. the extent to which the views of Mexican American activists were shared by the ethnic Mexican population in the United States\n E. the nature of the relationship between the League of United Latin American Citizens and the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The author of the passage expresses uncertainty with regard to which one of the following?\n A. whether or not one can assume that the increase in the number of Mexican Americans born in the United States led to an increase in Mexican American political activism\n B. whether or not historians preceding Garcia were correct in their assumptions about Mexican Americans who were politically active between 1930 and 1960\n C. whether or not there was general consensus among Mexican American political activists between 1930 and 1960\n D. the extent to which the views of Mexican American activists were shared by the ethnic Mexican population in the United States\n E. the nature of the relationship between the League of United Latin American Citizens and the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The author of the passage expresses uncertainty with regard to which one of the following?\n A. whether or not one can assume that the increase in the number of Mexican Americans born in the United States led to an increase in Mexican American political activism\n B. whether or not historians preceding Garcia were correct in their assumptions about Mexican Americans who were politically active between 1930 and 1960\n C. whether or not there was general consensus among Mexican American political activists between 1930 and 1960\n D. the extent to which the views of Mexican American activists were shared by the ethnic Mexican population in the United States\n E. the nature of the relationship between the League of United Latin American Citizens and the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The author of the passage expresses uncertainty with regard to which one of the following?\n A. whether or not one can assume that the increase in the number of Mexican Americans born in the United States led to an increase in Mexican American political activism\n B. whether or not historians preceding Garcia were correct in their assumptions about Mexican Americans who were politically active between 1930 and 1960\n C. whether or not there was general consensus among Mexican American political activists between 1930 and 1960\n D. the extent to which the views of Mexican American activists were shared by the ethnic Mexican population in the United States\n E. the nature of the relationship between the League of United Latin American Citizens and the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:186"}
{"index": 82, "query": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred that the aulbor would agree wilb which one oflbe following statements?\n A. Those publishers that fail to embrace the new digital model ofpub1ishing will be uuiikely to remain economically competitive.\n B. The primary threat to the spread of digital publishing will be the widespread use of computers aud haudheld devices for reading text.\n C. The growth of digital publishing is likely to revitalize the book retail business.\n D. Any book will sell more copies ifit is published digitally thau if it is published traditionally.\n E. Digital publishing will allow publishers to substantially decrease the amount of money they allocate for advertising their books.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred that the aulbor would agree wilb which one oflbe following statements?\n A. Those publishers that fail to embrace the new digital model ofpub1ishing will be uuiikely to remain economically competitive.\n B. The primary threat to the spread of digital publishing will be the widespread use of computers aud haudheld devices for reading text.\n C. The growth of digital publishing is likely to revitalize the book retail business.\n D. Any book will sell more copies ifit is published digitally thau if it is published traditionally.\n E. Digital publishing will allow publishers to substantially decrease the amount of money they allocate for advertising their books.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred that the aulbor would agree wilb which one oflbe following statements?\n A. Those publishers that fail to embrace the new digital model ofpub1ishing will be uuiikely to remain economically competitive.\n B. The primary threat to the spread of digital publishing will be the widespread use of computers aud haudheld devices for reading text.\n C. The growth of digital publishing is likely to revitalize the book retail business.\n D. Any book will sell more copies ifit is published digitally thau if it is published traditionally.\n E. Digital publishing will allow publishers to substantially decrease the amount of money they allocate for advertising their books.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred that the aulbor would agree wilb which one oflbe following statements?\n A. Those publishers that fail to embrace the new digital model ofpub1ishing will be uuiikely to remain economically competitive.\n B. The primary threat to the spread of digital publishing will be the widespread use of computers aud haudheld devices for reading text.\n C. The growth of digital publishing is likely to revitalize the book retail business.\n D. Any book will sell more copies ifit is published digitally thau if it is published traditionally.\n E. Digital publishing will allow publishers to substantially decrease the amount of money they allocate for advertising their books.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:82"}
{"index": 135, "query": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the passage?\n A. Understanding the cause of CJD has required scientists to reconsider their traditional beliefs about the causes of infection.\n B. CJD is contagious, though not highly so.\n C. The prevention of CJD would be most efficiently achieved by the prevention of certain genetic abnormalities.\n D. Although patients with CJD exhibit different incubation times, the disease progresses at about the same rate in all patients once symptoms are manifested.\n E. The prion theory of infection has weak support within the scientific community.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the passage?\n A. Understanding the cause of CJD has required scientists to reconsider their traditional beliefs about the causes of infection.\n B. CJD is contagious, though not highly so.\n C. The prevention of CJD would be most efficiently achieved by the prevention of certain genetic abnormalities.\n D. Although patients with CJD exhibit different incubation times, the disease progresses at about the same rate in all patients once symptoms are manifested.\n E. The prion theory of infection has weak support within the scientific community.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the passage?\n A. Understanding the cause of CJD has required scientists to reconsider their traditional beliefs about the causes of infection.\n B. CJD is contagious, though not highly so.\n C. The prevention of CJD would be most efficiently achieved by the prevention of certain genetic abnormalities.\n D. Although patients with CJD exhibit different incubation times, the disease progresses at about the same rate in all patients once symptoms are manifested.\n E. The prion theory of infection has weak support within the scientific community.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the passage?\n A. Understanding the cause of CJD has required scientists to reconsider their traditional beliefs about the causes of infection.\n B. CJD is contagious, though not highly so.\n C. The prevention of CJD would be most efficiently achieved by the prevention of certain genetic abnormalities.\n D. Although patients with CJD exhibit different incubation times, the disease progresses at about the same rate in all patients once symptoms are manifested.\n E. The prion theory of infection has weak support within the scientific community.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:135"}
{"index": 114, "query": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Although the secondary substances in plants do not take part in the plants' basic biological processes, these substances operate as natural defenses against damage and destruction by insects.\n B. Long-term competition between plants and insects has led to a narrowing of the range of secondary substances present in plants and, thus, also to a narrowing of the range of insect species that eat each species of plant.\n C. The particular secondary substances possessed by different plants, and thus the distinctive tastes and smells that present-day plants have, result in large part from an evolutionary process of teraction between plants and insects.\n D. Due to long-term evolutionary pressures exerted by insects, the secondary substances in plants have become numerous and diverse but tend to be similar among closely related species.\n E. Because plant mutations have led to the development of secondary substances, plants have come to participate in a continuing process of competition with plant-eating insects.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Although the secondary substances in plants do not take part in the plants' basic biological processes, these substances operate as natural defenses against damage and destruction by insects.\n B. Long-term competition between plants and insects has led to a narrowing of the range of secondary substances present in plants and, thus, also to a narrowing of the range of insect species that eat each species of plant.\n C. The particular secondary substances possessed by different plants, and thus the distinctive tastes and smells that present-day plants have, result in large part from an evolutionary process of teraction between plants and insects.\n D. Due to long-term evolutionary pressures exerted by insects, the secondary substances in plants have become numerous and diverse but tend to be similar among closely related species.\n E. Because plant mutations have led to the development of secondary substances, plants have come to participate in a continuing process of competition with plant-eating insects.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Although the secondary substances in plants do not take part in the plants' basic biological processes, these substances operate as natural defenses against damage and destruction by insects.\n B. Long-term competition between plants and insects has led to a narrowing of the range of secondary substances present in plants and, thus, also to a narrowing of the range of insect species that eat each species of plant.\n C. The particular secondary substances possessed by different plants, and thus the distinctive tastes and smells that present-day plants have, result in large part from an evolutionary process of teraction between plants and insects.\n D. Due to long-term evolutionary pressures exerted by insects, the secondary substances in plants have become numerous and diverse but tend to be similar among closely related species.\n E. Because plant mutations have led to the development of secondary substances, plants have come to participate in a continuing process of competition with plant-eating insects.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Although the secondary substances in plants do not take part in the plants' basic biological processes, these substances operate as natural defenses against damage and destruction by insects.\n B. Long-term competition between plants and insects has led to a narrowing of the range of secondary substances present in plants and, thus, also to a narrowing of the range of insect species that eat each species of plant.\n C. The particular secondary substances possessed by different plants, and thus the distinctive tastes and smells that present-day plants have, result in large part from an evolutionary process of teraction between plants and insects.\n D. Due to long-term evolutionary pressures exerted by insects, the secondary substances in plants have become numerous and diverse but tend to be similar among closely related species.\n E. Because plant mutations have led to the development of secondary substances, plants have come to participate in a continuing process of competition with plant-eating insects.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:114"}
{"index": 136, "query": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: If the hypothesis that CJD is caused by prions is correct, finding the answer to which one of the following questions would tend most to help a physician in deciding whether a patient has CJD?\n A. Has the patient suffered a severe blow to the skull recently?\n B. Does the patient experience occasional bouts of insomnia?\n C. Has the patient been exposed to any forms of radiation that have a known tendency to cause certain kinds of genetic damage?\n D. Has any member of the patient's immediate family ever had a brain disease?\n E. Does the patient's brain tissue exhibit the presence of any abnormal thread-like structures?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: If the hypothesis that CJD is caused by prions is correct, finding the answer to which one of the following questions would tend most to help a physician in deciding whether a patient has CJD?\n A. Has the patient suffered a severe blow to the skull recently?\n B. Does the patient experience occasional bouts of insomnia?\n C. Has the patient been exposed to any forms of radiation that have a known tendency to cause certain kinds of genetic damage?\n D. Has any member of the patient's immediate family ever had a brain disease?\n E. Does the patient's brain tissue exhibit the presence of any abnormal thread-like structures?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: If the hypothesis that CJD is caused by prions is correct, finding the answer to which one of the following questions would tend most to help a physician in deciding whether a patient has CJD?\n A. Has the patient suffered a severe blow to the skull recently?\n B. Does the patient experience occasional bouts of insomnia?\n C. Has the patient been exposed to any forms of radiation that have a known tendency to cause certain kinds of genetic damage?\n D. Has any member of the patient's immediate family ever had a brain disease?\n E. Does the patient's brain tissue exhibit the presence of any abnormal thread-like structures?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "An organism is considered to have an infection when a disease-causing agent, called a pathogen, establishes a viable presence in the organism. This can occur only if the pathogenic agent is able to reproduce itself in the host organism. The only agents believed until recently to be responsible for infections\u2014viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites\u2014reproduce and regulate their other life processes by means of genetic material, composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). It was thus widely assumed that all pathogens contain such genetic material in their cellular structure. This assumption has been challenged, however, by scientists seeking to identify the pathogen that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative form of dementia in humans. CJD causes the brain to become riddled with tiny holes, like a sponge (evidence of extensive nerve cell death). Its symptoms include impaired muscle control, loss of mental acuity, memory loss, and chronic insomnia. Extensive experiments aimed at identifying the pathogen responsible for CJD have led surprisingly to the isolation of a disease agent lacking nucleic acid and consisting mainly, if not exclusively, of protein. Researchers coined the term \"prion\" for this new type of protein pathogen. Upon further study, scientists discovered that prions normally exist as harmless cellular proteins in many of the body's tissues, including white blood cells and nerve cells in the brain; however, they possess the capability of converting their structures into a dangerous abnormal shape. Prions exhibiting this abnormal conformation were found to have infectious properties and the ability to reproduce themselves in an unexpected way, by initiating a chain reaction that induces normally shaped prions to transform themselves on contact, one after another, into the abnormal, pathogenic conformation. This cascade of transformations produces a plaque, consisting of thread-like structures, that collects in the brain and ultimately destroys nerve cells. Because prions, unlike other pathogens, occur naturally in the body as proteins, the body does not produce an immune response when they are present. And in the absence of any effective therapy for preventing the cascade process by which affected prions reproduce themselves, CJD is inevitably fatal, though there are wide variations in pre-symptomatic incubation times and in how aggressively the disease progresses. Although the discovery of the link between prions and CJD was initially received with great skepticism in the scientific community, subsequent research has supported the conclusion that prions are an entirely new class of infectious pathogens. Furthermore, it is now believed that a similar process of protein malformation may be involved in other, more common degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This possibility has yet to be fully explored, however, and the exact mechanisms by which prions reproduce themselves and cause cellular destruction have yet to be completely understood.\nQuestion: If the hypothesis that CJD is caused by prions is correct, finding the answer to which one of the following questions would tend most to help a physician in deciding whether a patient has CJD?\n A. Has the patient suffered a severe blow to the skull recently?\n B. Does the patient experience occasional bouts of insomnia?\n C. Has the patient been exposed to any forms of radiation that have a known tendency to cause certain kinds of genetic damage?\n D. Has any member of the patient's immediate family ever had a brain disease?\n E. Does the patient's brain tissue exhibit the presence of any abnormal thread-like structures?\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:136"}
{"index": 116, "query": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author discusses primary substances mainly in order to\n A. provide information about how plants grow and metabolize nutrients\n B. help explain what secondary substances are\n C. help distinguish between two ways that insects have affected plant evolution\n D. indicate the great diversity of chemicals that occur in various species of plants\n E. provide evidence of plants' adaptation to insects\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author discusses primary substances mainly in order to\n A. provide information about how plants grow and metabolize nutrients\n B. help explain what secondary substances are\n C. help distinguish between two ways that insects have affected plant evolution\n D. indicate the great diversity of chemicals that occur in various species of plants\n E. provide evidence of plants' adaptation to insects\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author discusses primary substances mainly in order to\n A. provide information about how plants grow and metabolize nutrients\n B. help explain what secondary substances are\n C. help distinguish between two ways that insects have affected plant evolution\n D. indicate the great diversity of chemicals that occur in various species of plants\n E. provide evidence of plants' adaptation to insects\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The characteristic smell or taste of a plant, to insects as well as to humans, depends on its chemical composition. Broadly speaking, plants contain two categories of chemical substances: primary and secondary. The primary substances, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and hormones, are required for growth and proper functioning and are found in all plants. The secondary substances are a diverse and multitudinous array of chemicals that have no known role in the internal chemical processes of plants' growth or metabolism. Only a few of these substances occur in any one species of plant, but the same or similar ones tend to occur in related plants such as the various species that constitute a single family. It is these secondary substances that give plants their distinctive tastes and smells. Insects appear to have played a major role in many plants' having the secondary substances they have today. Such substances undoubtedly first appeared, and new ones continue to appear, as the result of genetic mutations in individual plants. But if a mutation is to survive and be passed on to subsequent generations, it must pass the muster of natural selection\u2014that is, it must increase the likelihood of the organism's surviving and reproducing. Some secondary substances are favored by natural selection because they are scents that attract pollinating insects to blossoms. Such scents signal the presence of nectar, which nourishes the insects without damage to the plants. Other secondary substances that arose by mutation were conserved by natural selection because they proved to be biochemical defenses against the enemies of plants, the majority of which are insects. Some of these defensive substances cause insects to suffer unpleasant symptoms or even to die. Still other secondary substances are not in themselves harmful to insects, but are characteristic smells or tastes that dissuade the insect from feeding by warning it of the presence of some other substance that is harmful. For hundreds of millions of years there has been an evolutionary competition for advantage between plants and plant-eating insects. If insects are to survive as the plants they eat develop defenses against them, they must switch to other foods or evolve ways to circumvent the plants' defenses. They may evolve a way to detoxify a harmful substance, to store it in their bodies out of harm's way, or to avoid its effects in some other manner. Insects quickly come to prefer the plants whose defenses they can circumvent, and they eventually evolve the ability to identify them by their characteristic flavors or odors, or both. As the competition has progressed, fewer and fewer plants have remained as suitable food sources for any one species of insect; species of insects have thus tended to become associated with narrowly defined and often botanically restricted groups of plants.\nQuestion: In the passage, the author discusses primary substances mainly in order to\n A. provide information about how plants grow and metabolize nutrients\n B. help explain what secondary substances are\n C. help distinguish between two ways that insects have affected plant evolution\n D. indicate the great diversity of chemicals that occur in various species of plants\n E. provide evidence of plants' adaptation to insects\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 102, "query": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: The author's primary aim in the passage is to\n A. criticize a traditional view of scientific progress and advocate a replacement\n B. illustrate the often erratic way in which a scientific community achieves progress\n C. judge the relative importance of theory and experimentation in science\n D. take issue with the idea that scientists make slow,steady progress\n E. display the way in which intellectual arrogance sometimes hinders scientific progress\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: The author's primary aim in the passage is to\n A. criticize a traditional view of scientific progress and advocate a replacement\n B. illustrate the often erratic way in which a scientific community achieves progress\n C. judge the relative importance of theory and experimentation in science\n D. take issue with the idea that scientists make slow,steady progress\n E. display the way in which intellectual arrogance sometimes hinders scientific progress\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: The author's primary aim in the passage is to\n A. criticize a traditional view of scientific progress and advocate a replacement\n B. illustrate the often erratic way in which a scientific community achieves progress\n C. judge the relative importance of theory and experimentation in science\n D. take issue with the idea that scientists make slow,steady progress\n E. display the way in which intellectual arrogance sometimes hinders scientific progress\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Advances in scientific understanding often do not build directly or smoothly in response to the data that are amassed, and in retrospect, after a major revision of theory, it may seem strange that a crucial bypothesis was long overlooked. A case in point is the discovery of a means by which the nuclei of atoms can be split Between 1934, when a group ofitalian physicists including Enrico Fermi first bombarded uranium with neutrons, and 1939, when exiled Austrian physicist Lise Meitner provided the crucial theoretical connection, scientists compiled increasing evidence that nuclear fission had been achieved, without, however, recognizing what they were witnessing.Earlier, even before the neutron and proton composition of atomic nuclei had been experimentally demonstrated, sometheoretical physicists had produced calculations indicating that in principle it should be possible to break atoms apart. But the neutron-bombardment experiments were not aimed at achieving such a result, and researchers were not even receptive to the possibility that it might happen in that context. A common view was that a neutron's breaking apart a uranium nucleus would be analogous to a pebble, thrown through a window, causing a house to collapse.In Berlin, Meitner pursued research related to that of the Italians, discovering a puzzling group of radioactive substances produced by neutron bombardment of uranium. Fermi and others achieved numerous similar results. These products remained unidentified partly because precise chemical analyses were hampered by the minute quantities of the substances produced and the dangers of working with highly radioactive materials, but more significantly because of the expectation that they would all be elements close to uranium in nuclear composition. In 1938 Meitner escaped from Nazi Germany and undertook related research in Sweden, but her research partner Otto Hahn kept her informed of his continuing experimentation. Late in that year he wrote to her of a surprising result: one of the substances resulting from the neutron bombardment of uranium had been conclusively identified as barium, an element whose structure would have made it impossible to produce through any mechanism he envisaged as being involved in the experiments. Hahn even remarked that, despite the clear chemical evidence of what had occmred, it went \"against all previous experiences of nuclear physics,\" but be also noted that together the number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of barium and technetium, the accompanying product of the experiment, added up to the number of such particles that compose a uranium nucleus.It was Meitner who finally recognized the significance of the data in relation to underlying theoretical considerations: the researchers had actually been splitting uranium atoms. Coining the term \"nuclear fission,\" she quickly submitted her conclusion for publication in a paper coauthored with pbysicist Otto Frisch. When scientists in Europe and North America rushed to corroborate the findings, it became clear that the relevant evidence had been present for some rime, lacking mainly the right conceptual link.\nQuestion: The author's primary aim in the passage is to\n A. criticize a traditional view of scientific progress and advocate a replacement\n B. illustrate the often erratic way in which a scientific community achieves progress\n C. judge the relative importance of theory and experimentation in science\n D. take issue with the idea that scientists make slow,steady progress\n E. display the way in which intellectual arrogance sometimes hinders scientific progress\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:102"}
{"index": 176, "query": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly implies that many lawyers believe which one of the following concerning decisions about whether to steal thunder?\n A. A lawyer should be concerned with how readily the negative information can be positively framed, especially if the information is very negative.\n B. A lawyer should take into account, among other things, whether or not the jurors are already familiar with some of the relevant facts of the case prior to the trial.\n C. The decision should be based on careful deliberations that anticipate both positive and negative reactions of jurors and opposing lawyers.\n D. The decision should depend on how probable it is that the opposition will try to derive an advantage from mentioning the negative information in question.\n E. The decision should be based at least partly on a lawyer's knowledge of relevant psychological research findings and legal statistics.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly implies that many lawyers believe which one of the following concerning decisions about whether to steal thunder?\n A. A lawyer should be concerned with how readily the negative information can be positively framed, especially if the information is very negative.\n B. A lawyer should take into account, among other things, whether or not the jurors are already familiar with some of the relevant facts of the case prior to the trial.\n C. The decision should be based on careful deliberations that anticipate both positive and negative reactions of jurors and opposing lawyers.\n D. The decision should depend on how probable it is that the opposition will try to derive an advantage from mentioning the negative information in question.\n E. The decision should be based at least partly on a lawyer's knowledge of relevant psychological research findings and legal statistics.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly implies that many lawyers believe which one of the following concerning decisions about whether to steal thunder?\n A. A lawyer should be concerned with how readily the negative information can be positively framed, especially if the information is very negative.\n B. A lawyer should take into account, among other things, whether or not the jurors are already familiar with some of the relevant facts of the case prior to the trial.\n C. The decision should be based on careful deliberations that anticipate both positive and negative reactions of jurors and opposing lawyers.\n D. The decision should depend on how probable it is that the opposition will try to derive an advantage from mentioning the negative information in question.\n E. The decision should be based at least partly on a lawyer's knowledge of relevant psychological research findings and legal statistics.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly implies that many lawyers believe which one of the following concerning decisions about whether to steal thunder?\n A. A lawyer should be concerned with how readily the negative information can be positively framed, especially if the information is very negative.\n B. A lawyer should take into account, among other things, whether or not the jurors are already familiar with some of the relevant facts of the case prior to the trial.\n C. The decision should be based on careful deliberations that anticipate both positive and negative reactions of jurors and opposing lawyers.\n D. The decision should depend on how probable it is that the opposition will try to derive an advantage from mentioning the negative information in question.\n E. The decision should be based at least partly on a lawyer's knowledge of relevant psychological research findings and legal statistics.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:176"}
{"index": 18, "query": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would be most consistent with the ideas about identity that the author attributes to pre-contact Native American cultures?\n A. A person who is born into one tribe but is brought up by members of another tribe retains a name given at birth.\n B. A pictograph that represents a specific person incorporates the symbol for a constellation.\n C. A similar ritual for assuming a new name is used in diverse communities.\n D. A name given to one member of a community cannot be given to another member of the same community.\n E. A decorated shield that belonged to an individual cannot be traced to a particular tribe.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would be most consistent with the ideas about identity that the author attributes to pre-contact Native American cultures?\n A. A person who is born into one tribe but is brought up by members of another tribe retains a name given at birth.\n B. A pictograph that represents a specific person incorporates the symbol for a constellation.\n C. A similar ritual for assuming a new name is used in diverse communities.\n D. A name given to one member of a community cannot be given to another member of the same community.\n E. A decorated shield that belonged to an individual cannot be traced to a particular tribe.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would be most consistent with the ideas about identity that the author attributes to pre-contact Native American cultures?\n A. A person who is born into one tribe but is brought up by members of another tribe retains a name given at birth.\n B. A pictograph that represents a specific person incorporates the symbol for a constellation.\n C. A similar ritual for assuming a new name is used in diverse communities.\n D. A name given to one member of a community cannot be given to another member of the same community.\n E. A decorated shield that belonged to an individual cannot be traced to a particular tribe.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In studying the autobiographies of Native Americans, most scholars have focused on as-told-to life histories that were solicited, translated, recorded, and edited by non-Native American collaborators\u2014that emerged from \"bicultural composite authorship.\" Limiting their studies to such written documents, these scholars have overlooked traditional, preliterate modes of communicating personal history. In addition, they have failed to address the cultural constructs of the highly diverse Native American peoples, who prior to contact with nonindigenous cultures did not share with Europeans the same assumptions about self, life, and writing that underlie the concept of an autobiography\u2014 that indeed constitute the English word's root meaning. The idea of self was, in a number of pre-contact Native American cultures, markedly inclusive: identity was not merely individual, but also relational to a society, a specific landscape, and the cosmos. Within these cultures, the expression of life experiences tended to be oriented toward current events: with the participation of fellow tribal members, an individual person would articulate, reenact, or record important experiences as the person lived them, a mode of autobiography seemingly more fragmented than the European custom of writing down the recollections of a lifetime. Moreover, expression itself was not a matter of writing but of language, which can include speech and signs. Oral autobiography comprised songs, chants, stories, and even the process whereby one repeatedly took on new names to reflect important events and deeds in one's life. Dance and drama could convey personal history; for example, the advent of a vision to one person might require the enactment of that vision in the form of a tribal pageant. One can view as autobiographical the elaborate tattoos that symbolized a warrior's valorous deeds, and such artifacts as a decorated shield that communicated the accomplishments and aspirations of its maker, or a robe that was emblazoned with the pictographic history of the wearer's battles and was sometimes used in reenactments. Also autobiographical, and indicative of high status within the tribe, would have been a tepee painted with symbolic designs to record the achievements and display the dreams or visions of its owner, who was often assisted in the painting by other tribal members. A tribe would, then, have contributed to the individual's narrative not merely passively, by its social codes and expectations, but actively by joining in the expression of that narrative. Such intercultural collaboration may seem alien to the European style of autobiography, yet any autobiography is shaped by its creator's ideas about the audience for which it is intended; in this sense, autobiography is justly called a simultaneous individual story and cultural narrative. Autobiographical expressions by early Native Americans may additionally have been shaped by the cultural perspectives of the people who transmitted them.\nQuestion: Which one of the following would be most consistent with the ideas about identity that the author attributes to pre-contact Native American cultures?\n A. A person who is born into one tribe but is brought up by members of another tribe retains a name given at birth.\n B. A pictograph that represents a specific person incorporates the symbol for a constellation.\n C. A similar ritual for assuming a new name is used in diverse communities.\n D. A name given to one member of a community cannot be given to another member of the same community.\n E. A decorated shield that belonged to an individual cannot be traced to a particular tribe.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:18"}
{"index": 193, "query": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the relationships between the three styles in which Schoenberg wrote?\n A. Each successive style represents a natural progression from the previous one.\n B. Each successive style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the previous one.\n C. The second style represents a natural progression from the first, but the third style represents an inexplicable departure from the second.\n D. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the second.\n E. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the first.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the relationships between the three styles in which Schoenberg wrote?\n A. Each successive style represents a natural progression from the previous one.\n B. Each successive style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the previous one.\n C. The second style represents a natural progression from the first, but the third style represents an inexplicable departure from the second.\n D. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the second.\n E. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the first.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the relationships between the three styles in which Schoenberg wrote?\n A. Each successive style represents a natural progression from the previous one.\n B. Each successive style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the previous one.\n C. The second style represents a natural progression from the first, but the third style represents an inexplicable departure from the second.\n D. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the second.\n E. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the first.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about the relationships between the three styles in which Schoenberg wrote?\n A. Each successive style represents a natural progression from the previous one.\n B. Each successive style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the previous one.\n C. The second style represents a natural progression from the first, but the third style represents an inexplicable departure from the second.\n D. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the second.\n E. The second style represents an inexplicabledeparture from the first, but the third style represents a natural progression from the first.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:193"}
{"index": 191, "query": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: All of the following are similarities between Beethoven and Schoenberg that the author alludes to EXCEPT:\n A. They worked for a time in the late-Romanticstyle.\n B. Their music has been regarded by some listeners as incoherent, shrill, and chaotic.\n C. Their compositions stirred controversy.\n D. They worked in changing and evolving musical styles.\n E. They altered the language and expressive range of music.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: All of the following are similarities between Beethoven and Schoenberg that the author alludes to EXCEPT:\n A. They worked for a time in the late-Romanticstyle.\n B. Their music has been regarded by some listeners as incoherent, shrill, and chaotic.\n C. Their compositions stirred controversy.\n D. They worked in changing and evolving musical styles.\n E. They altered the language and expressive range of music.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: All of the following are similarities between Beethoven and Schoenberg that the author alludes to EXCEPT:\n A. They worked for a time in the late-Romanticstyle.\n B. Their music has been regarded by some listeners as incoherent, shrill, and chaotic.\n C. Their compositions stirred controversy.\n D. They worked in changing and evolving musical styles.\n E. They altered the language and expressive range of music.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: All of the following are similarities between Beethoven and Schoenberg that the author alludes to EXCEPT:\n A. They worked for a time in the late-Romanticstyle.\n B. Their music has been regarded by some listeners as incoherent, shrill, and chaotic.\n C. Their compositions stirred controversy.\n D. They worked in changing and evolving musical styles.\n E. They altered the language and expressive range of music.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:191"}
{"index": 144, "query": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the author mentions \"experts in dance\" primarily in order to\n A. suggest why a group of social scientists did not embrace the study of a particular cultural form\n B. suggest that a certain group was more qualified to study a particular cultural form than was another group\n C. identify an additional factor that motivated a particular social scientist to pursue a specific new line of research\n D. contribute to an explanation of why a particular field of research was not previously pursued\n E. indicate an additional possible reason for the tension between the members of two distinct fields of research\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the author mentions \"experts in dance\" primarily in order to\n A. suggest why a group of social scientists did not embrace the study of a particular cultural form\n B. suggest that a certain group was more qualified to study a particular cultural form than was another group\n C. identify an additional factor that motivated a particular social scientist to pursue a specific new line of research\n D. contribute to an explanation of why a particular field of research was not previously pursued\n E. indicate an additional possible reason for the tension between the members of two distinct fields of research\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the author mentions \"experts in dance\" primarily in order to\n A. suggest why a group of social scientists did not embrace the study of a particular cultural form\n B. suggest that a certain group was more qualified to study a particular cultural form than was another group\n C. identify an additional factor that motivated a particular social scientist to pursue a specific new line of research\n D. contribute to an explanation of why a particular field of research was not previously pursued\n E. indicate an additional possible reason for the tension between the members of two distinct fields of research\nAnswer:", "full_text": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the author mentions \"experts in dance\" primarily in order to\n A. suggest why a group of social scientists did not embrace the study of a particular cultural form\n B. suggest that a certain group was more qualified to study a particular cultural form than was another group\n C. identify an additional factor that motivated a particular social scientist to pursue a specific new line of research\n D. contribute to an explanation of why a particular field of research was not previously pursued\n E. indicate an additional possible reason for the tension between the members of two distinct fields of research\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:144"}
{"index": 110, "query": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as an example of the use of metaphor in corridos?\n A. mist\n B. a cypress tree\n C. a fight\n D. stampedes\n E. stampedes\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as an example of the use of metaphor in corridos?\n A. mist\n B. a cypress tree\n C. a fight\n D. stampedes\n E. stampedes\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as an example of the use of metaphor in corridos?\n A. mist\n B. a cypress tree\n C. a fight\n D. stampedes\n E. stampedes\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The corrido, a type of narrative folk song, comes from a region half in Mexico and half in the United States known as the Lower Rio Grande Border. Corridos, which flourished from about 1836 to the late 1930s, are part of a long-standing ballad tradition that has roots in eighteenth-century Spain. Sung in Spanish, corridos combine formal features of several different types of folk songs, but their narratives consistently deal with subject matter specific to the Border region. For example, \"El Corrido de Kiansis\" (c. 1870), the oldest corrido surviving in complete form, records the first cattle drives to Kansas in the late 1860s. A single important event is likely to have inspired several corrido variants, yet the different versions of any given story all partake of standard generic elements. When sung at social gatherings, corridos served to commemorate significant local happenings, but more importantly, their heavy reliance on familiar linguistic and thematic conventions served to affirm the cohesiveness of Border communities. Corridos take their name from the Spanish verb correr, meaning to run or to flow, for corridos tell their stories simply and swiftly, without embellishments. Figures of speech such as metaphors are generally rare in corridos, and when metaphors are used, they usually incorporate everyday images that are familiar to the songs' listeners. In the popular \"El Corrido de Gregorio Cortez,\" for example, the hero Cortez, fighting off pursuers, uses the metaphor of a thunderstorm to boast that he has had harder fights than the one they gave him: \"I have weathered thunderstorms; / This little mist doesn't bother me.\" Similar storm imagery is found in other corridos including \"Kiansis,\" which tells of stampedes caused by thunderstorms during the Kansas cattle drives. Such imagery, highly conventional and readily recognizable to corrido listeners, reflects and strengthens the continuity of the corrido tradition. The corrido is composed not only of familiar images but also of certain ready-made lines that travel easily from one ballad to another. This is most evident in the corrido's formal closing verse, or despedida. The despedida of one variant of \"Gregorio Cortez\" is translated as follows: \"Now with this I say farewell / In the shade of a cypress tree; / This is the end of the ballad / Of Don Gregorio Cortez.\" The first and third lines are a set convention. The second and fourth lines are variable, the fourth carrying the name of the corrido or expressing its subject, and the second varying according to exigencies of rhyme. In the despedida, perhaps the clearest marker of both the corrido's uniqueness and its generic continuity, the corrido's maker asserts that the task of relating an authentic Border tale has been accomplished.\nQuestion: Which one of the following is mentioned in the passage as an example of the use of metaphor in corridos?\n A. mist\n B. a cypress tree\n C. a fight\n D. stampedes\n E. stampedes\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:110"}
{"index": 167, "query": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The last paragraph most strongly supports which one of the following statements?\n A. The names of the world's best perfumes are not known to most customers.\n B. The profitability of a particular perfume is not a good indicator of its quality.\n C. Companies that sell perfume pay little attention to what their customers want.\n D. Perfume makers of the past would never tamper with established formulas.\n E. Companies that sell perfume make most of their profits on perfumes in the least expensive price ranges.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The last paragraph most strongly supports which one of the following statements?\n A. The names of the world's best perfumes are not known to most customers.\n B. The profitability of a particular perfume is not a good indicator of its quality.\n C. Companies that sell perfume pay little attention to what their customers want.\n D. Perfume makers of the past would never tamper with established formulas.\n E. Companies that sell perfume make most of their profits on perfumes in the least expensive price ranges.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The last paragraph most strongly supports which one of the following statements?\n A. The names of the world's best perfumes are not known to most customers.\n B. The profitability of a particular perfume is not a good indicator of its quality.\n C. Companies that sell perfume pay little attention to what their customers want.\n D. Perfume makers of the past would never tamper with established formulas.\n E. Companies that sell perfume make most of their profits on perfumes in the least expensive price ranges.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Given the amount of time and effort that curators, collectors, dealers, scholars, and critics spend on formulating judgments of taste in relation to oil paintings, it seems odd that so few are prepared to apply some of the same skills in exploring works of art that stimulate another sense altogether: that of smell. Why is great perfume not taken more seriously? While art professionals are very serious about many branches of literature, architecture, and music, I have yet to find a curatorial colleague who regularly beats a path to the fragrance counter in search of, say, Joy Parfum, the 1930 masterpiece by Henri Almeras.And yet, the parallels between what ought to be regarded as sister arts are undeniable. Painters combine natural and, these days, synthetic pigments with media such as oils and resins, much as the perfumer carefully formulates natural and synthetic chemical compounds. The Old Masters deployed oil paint across the color spectrum, and applied layers on a determining ground and various kinds of underpainting, slowly building up to the surface, completing their work with thin glazes on top. Thus various types of mashed-up earth and vegetable suspended in linseed or poppy oil are brushed over a stretch of woven fabric. They begin to dry, and a picture is born. Its appearance changes over time, because the tendency of oil paint is to become gradually more transparent.So, too, talented \"noses\" experiment with complex configurations of olfactory elements and produce in symphonic combination many small sensations, at times discordant, sweet, bitter, melancholy, or happy, as the case may be. These combinations change and develop in sequence or in unison as the substance and its constituents evaporate at different rates, some quickly, others slowly, thanks to the warmth of our skin. A brilliant perfumer may thus devise an imaginary world no less powerful, or intimate, than that of a great composer or painter, and in calling on our capacity to discover there some memory of childhood or of a long-forgotten experience, perfumers are in the same business as the artist who creates the illusion of life on canvas.Perhaps one reason that truly great smells are so often undervalued is that perfumes are today made and distributed under the not particularly watchful gaze of a few large corporations. The cynical bean counters in Paris and Zurich do not hesitate to tamper with old formulas, insisting on the substitution of cheap chemical compounds that approximately resemble rarer, better ingredients in an effort to increase profits. They do not tell their customers when or how they do this; indeed, they presume their customers won't notice the difference. Consequently, fine perfume is now hopelessly entangled with the international cosmetic dollar, and ill-served by marketing and public relations.\nQuestion: The last paragraph most strongly supports which one of the following statements?\n A. The names of the world's best perfumes are not known to most customers.\n B. The profitability of a particular perfume is not a good indicator of its quality.\n C. Companies that sell perfume pay little attention to what their customers want.\n D. Perfume makers of the past would never tamper with established formulas.\n E. Companies that sell perfume make most of their profits on perfumes in the least expensive price ranges.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:167"}
{"index": 213, "query": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would be likely to be most skeptical of which one of the following ideas mentioned in passage A?\n A. Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science concerned the power of negative evidence.\n B. Positive evidence plays no role in supporting a theory.\n C. Auxiliary premises are usually needed in order to derive predictions from a scientific theory.\n D. There is a logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence.\n E. Scientific research involves generating bold theories and attempting to refute them.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would be likely to be most skeptical of which one of the following ideas mentioned in passage A?\n A. Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science concerned the power of negative evidence.\n B. Positive evidence plays no role in supporting a theory.\n C. Auxiliary premises are usually needed in order to derive predictions from a scientific theory.\n D. There is a logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence.\n E. Scientific research involves generating bold theories and attempting to refute them.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would be likely to be most skeptical of which one of the following ideas mentioned in passage A?\n A. Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science concerned the power of negative evidence.\n B. Positive evidence plays no role in supporting a theory.\n C. Auxiliary premises are usually needed in order to derive predictions from a scientific theory.\n D. There is a logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence.\n E. Scientific research involves generating bold theories and attempting to refute them.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: It can be inferred that the author of passage B would be likely to be most skeptical of which one of the following ideas mentioned in passage A?\n A. Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science concerned the power of negative evidence.\n B. Positive evidence plays no role in supporting a theory.\n C. Auxiliary premises are usually needed in order to derive predictions from a scientific theory.\n D. There is a logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence.\n E. Scientific research involves generating bold theories and attempting to refute them.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:213"}
{"index": 229, "query": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Based on her analysis of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens dating to roughly 4000 B.C., Schmandt-Besserat concludes ,that this system of tokens eventually evolved into an abstract written language??\n B. The discovery of clay tablets bearing inscriptions representing the tokens they contain confirms the belief of Schmandt-Besserat that these tokens served to designate the products given by villagers to their temples.\n C. Inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens discovered in modem Iraq have provided Schmandt-Besserat with the evidence required to resolve the puzzlement of archaeologists over the sudden appearance of sophisticated crafts.\n D. The inscriptions found on clay envelopes containing small clay tokens have enabled Schmandt-Besserat to formulate a more detailed picture of the way in which a simple system of three-dimensional nouns evolved into modem languages.\n E. The discovery Of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing small tokens confirms Schmandt-Besserat's hypothesis that a language becomes increasingly abstract as the arts and crafts of the people who use the language become more abstract.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Based on her analysis of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens dating to roughly 4000 B.C., Schmandt-Besserat concludes ,that this system of tokens eventually evolved into an abstract written language??\n B. The discovery of clay tablets bearing inscriptions representing the tokens they contain confirms the belief of Schmandt-Besserat that these tokens served to designate the products given by villagers to their temples.\n C. Inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens discovered in modem Iraq have provided Schmandt-Besserat with the evidence required to resolve the puzzlement of archaeologists over the sudden appearance of sophisticated crafts.\n D. The inscriptions found on clay envelopes containing small clay tokens have enabled Schmandt-Besserat to formulate a more detailed picture of the way in which a simple system of three-dimensional nouns evolved into modem languages.\n E. The discovery Of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing small tokens confirms Schmandt-Besserat's hypothesis that a language becomes increasingly abstract as the arts and crafts of the people who use the language become more abstract.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Based on her analysis of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens dating to roughly 4000 B.C., Schmandt-Besserat concludes ,that this system of tokens eventually evolved into an abstract written language??\n B. The discovery of clay tablets bearing inscriptions representing the tokens they contain confirms the belief of Schmandt-Besserat that these tokens served to designate the products given by villagers to their temples.\n C. Inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens discovered in modem Iraq have provided Schmandt-Besserat with the evidence required to resolve the puzzlement of archaeologists over the sudden appearance of sophisticated crafts.\n D. The inscriptions found on clay envelopes containing small clay tokens have enabled Schmandt-Besserat to formulate a more detailed picture of the way in which a simple system of three-dimensional nouns evolved into modem languages.\n E. The discovery Of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing small tokens confirms Schmandt-Besserat's hypothesis that a language becomes increasingly abstract as the arts and crafts of the people who use the language become more abstract.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Hundreds of clay tablets marked in cuneiform have been found in excavations of the Sumerian city of Uruk (in present-day Iraq). Though the tablets date from roughly 3000 B.C., the writing on them uses relatively few pictographs; instead, numerous abstract symbols are used. The sign for \"sheep,\" for example, is not an image of a sheep, but rather a circled cross, while the sign for \"metal\" is a crescent with five lines. Because of its early date, this seemingly sudden appearance of such abstract writing has long puzzled researchers. At the same time, among prepottery clay artifacts found at archaeological sites along the Jordan and nearby rivers are thousands of small, hand-modeled tokens of fired clay, some dating to before 4000 B.C. Often ignored by archaeologists-some concluded without evidence that they were amulets or game pieces-the tokens are identified by Denise Schmandt-Besserat in her book Before Writing (1992) as overlooked predecessors to the written word. The earliest of the tokens were simple in form-small cones, spheres, and pyramids-and they were often inscribed. In 1966, a hollow tablet containing several of these tokens was discovered, and more than 100 additional tablets, which are now recognized as sealed envelopes of clay, have since been found. Later envelopes are also inscribed with impressions of tokens in the outer clay, signaling exactly what each envelope contained. Noting that these inscriptions are clearly traceable to later, known inscriptions of farm products, Schmandt-Besserat theorizes that the envelopes contained official records of villagers' contributions to temple-based grain and livestock pools. After 4000 B.C., hundreds of new token forms developed, as a rise in industry boosted the token system. Many forms are figurative, such as bowls or jars with handles, suggesting that villagers' crafts were becoming more diversified and sophisticated. The token system, essentially a system of three-dimensional nouns, was replaced in about 3 1 00 B.C.by a system of marks on clay tablets. A few centuries later, this latter system was to display the first use of numerals, where simple marks coded the concepts of one, two, and so forth. The eventual evolution of this system into mature writing, Schmandt-Besserat suggests, can be seen in the following example: At first it took two ovoid tokens to record two jars of oil. A little later, it took two markings on a clay tablet to achieve this-one mark, using the outline of the old token, to record the customary unit measure for oil, the jarful, and a second mark to convey the numeral: two oil jars. Eventually, it took three signs on the tablet, one for the numeral 2, one for the standard jarful, and a new symbol that denoted oil itself. With three such signs, an abstract and flexible written form had arrived.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?\n A. Based on her analysis of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens dating to roughly 4000 B.C., Schmandt-Besserat concludes ,that this system of tokens eventually evolved into an abstract written language??\n B. The discovery of clay tablets bearing inscriptions representing the tokens they contain confirms the belief of Schmandt-Besserat that these tokens served to designate the products given by villagers to their temples.\n C. Inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing tokens discovered in modem Iraq have provided Schmandt-Besserat with the evidence required to resolve the puzzlement of archaeologists over the sudden appearance of sophisticated crafts.\n D. The inscriptions found on clay envelopes containing small clay tokens have enabled Schmandt-Besserat to formulate a more detailed picture of the way in which a simple system of three-dimensional nouns evolved into modem languages.\n E. The discovery Of inscription-bearing clay envelopes containing small tokens confirms Schmandt-Besserat's hypothesis that a language becomes increasingly abstract as the arts and crafts of the people who use the language become more abstract.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:229"}
{"index": 84, "query": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: If the scenario descrthed in the first two paragraphs were to become true, then which one of the following would most likely be the case?\n A. The need for warehousing will shift mainly from that of individual books to that of paper and binding material to make books.\n B. The patronage of stores that sell used books will increase significantly.\n C. Most publishers will sell their own books individually and will not use distributors or retailers.\n D. There will be significantly less demand by publishers for the services of copy editors and book designers.\n E. The demand for book-grade paper will decrease significantly.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: If the scenario descrthed in the first two paragraphs were to become true, then which one of the following would most likely be the case?\n A. The need for warehousing will shift mainly from that of individual books to that of paper and binding material to make books.\n B. The patronage of stores that sell used books will increase significantly.\n C. Most publishers will sell their own books individually and will not use distributors or retailers.\n D. There will be significantly less demand by publishers for the services of copy editors and book designers.\n E. The demand for book-grade paper will decrease significantly.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: If the scenario descrthed in the first two paragraphs were to become true, then which one of the following would most likely be the case?\n A. The need for warehousing will shift mainly from that of individual books to that of paper and binding material to make books.\n B. The patronage of stores that sell used books will increase significantly.\n C. Most publishers will sell their own books individually and will not use distributors or retailers.\n D. There will be significantly less demand by publishers for the services of copy editors and book designers.\n E. The demand for book-grade paper will decrease significantly.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Internet makes possible the instaotaoeous transmission and retrieval of digital text. It is widely assumed that this capacity will lead to the displacement of printed books by digitized books that are read mainly on computer screens or handheld electronic devices. But it is more likely, I believe, that most digital files of books will be prioted and bound on demand at point of sale by machines that can quickly and inexpensively make single copies that are indistinguishable from books made in fiIctories. Once most books have been digitized, aoyone with access to the Internet will be able to purchase printed books from a practieally limitless digital catalog that includes even those books that, under traditional publishing assumptions, would have been desigoated \"out of print.\" Also, the digital publication of a book online involves no pbysical inventory', thereby eliminating the costs of warehousing, shipping books to wholesalers and to retail stores, displaying pbysieal books in retail stores, and returning unsold books to publishers. This would make digital publishing much less expensive than traditional publishing. Given the economic efficiency and convenience for customers of this new digital model of publishing, it is likely to eventually supplant or at least rival traditional publishingalthough it will be some time before a catalog of printable digitized books becomes large enough to jusillY investment in book prioting machines at numerous regional sites. Moreover, the elimination of whole categories of expensemeans that under the digital publishing model,authors would be responsible for a greater proportion of the value of the final product and would therefore, according to literal)' agents, be entitled to a larger share of the proceeds. Currently a large percentage of publishers' revenue is absorbed by the costs of printing, selling, and distributing pbysical books, costs that are irrelevant to digital publication. LiteraI)' agents marketing new manuscripts could thus be expected to demand a significantly bigger slice of revenue for their authors than has been traditional. But large, established publishing houses, which are heavily invested in the infrastructure of traditional publishing, initially will be reluctant to accede. So the opportunity to bid for new manuscripts will go first to upstart digital-publishing firms unfettered by traditional practices or infrastructure. Under this competitive pressure, traditional publishers will have to reduee their redundant functions in order to accommodate higher royalty payments to authors or else they will lose their authors. Such adjustments are typical of the interval between a departing economic model and its successor and may help explain the caution with which today's publishing conglomerates are approaching the digital future.\nQuestion: If the scenario descrthed in the first two paragraphs were to become true, then which one of the following would most likely be the case?\n A. The need for warehousing will shift mainly from that of individual books to that of paper and binding material to make books.\n B. The patronage of stores that sell used books will increase significantly.\n C. Most publishers will sell their own books individually and will not use distributors or retailers.\n D. There will be significantly less demand by publishers for the services of copy editors and book designers.\n E. The demand for book-grade paper will decrease significantly.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 249, "query": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the Great Migration did not start earlier than 1915 because\n A. the income gap between the North and South was not large enough to induce people to migrate\n B. the cost of living in the North was prohibitively high before World War I\n C. industrial jobs in the North required specialized training unavailable in the South\n D. previous migration had yet to develop sufficient momentum to induce further migration\n E. agricultural jobs in the South paid very well before the boll weevil infestation\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the Great Migration did not start earlier than 1915 because\n A. the income gap between the North and South was not large enough to induce people to migrate\n B. the cost of living in the North was prohibitively high before World War I\n C. industrial jobs in the North required specialized training unavailable in the South\n D. previous migration had yet to develop sufficient momentum to induce further migration\n E. agricultural jobs in the South paid very well before the boll weevil infestation\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the Great Migration did not start earlier than 1915 because\n A. the income gap between the North and South was not large enough to induce people to migrate\n B. the cost of living in the North was prohibitively high before World War I\n C. industrial jobs in the North required specialized training unavailable in the South\n D. previous migration had yet to develop sufficient momentum to induce further migration\n E. agricultural jobs in the South paid very well before the boll weevil infestation\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Roughly 40 percent of the African American population of the Southern United States left the South between 1915 and 1960, primarily for the industrial cities of the North. While there was some African American migration to the North during the nineteenth century, most accounts point to 1915 as the start of what historians call the Great Migration. There were at least three catalysts of the Great Migration. First, World War I increased labor demand in the industrial North. Second, the war in Europe cut off immigration, which led many Northern employers to send labor agents to recruit African American labor in the South. Finally,a boll weevil infestation mined cotton crops and reduced labor demand in much of the South in the 1910s and 1920s. In short, the Great Migration began in 1915 and not earlier, because it was only then that the North-South income gap became large enough to start such a large-scale migration. Less dear, however, is why migration continued, and even accelerated, in subsequent decades, at the same time that North-South income differences were narrowing. We propose that once started, migration develops momentum over time as current migration reduces the difficulty and cost of future migration. Economists have typically assumed that people migrate if then- expected earnings in the destination exceed those of the origin enough to outweigh the difficulties and one-time costs of migration. Previous research suggests that the difficulties and costs arise from several sources. First, the uncertainty that potential migrants face concerning housing and labor-market conditions in the destination presents a significant hindrance. Second, there is the simple cost in terms of time and money of physically moving from the origin to the destination. Third, new migrants must familiarize themselves with local labor- and housing-market institutions once they arrive; they must find housing and work, and they must often adapt to a new culture or language. Empirical studies show that during the Great Migration, information was passed through letters that were often read by dozens of people and through conversation when migrants made trips back to their home communities. Thus early migrants provided information about labor- and housing-market conditions to friends and relatives who had not yet made the trip. First-time African American migrants often traveled with earlier migrants returning to the North after a visit to the South, which reduced physical costs. Additionally, previous migrants reduced new migrants * cost of adapting to a new locale and culture by providing them with temporary housing, food, and even credit. Previous migrants also provided a cultural cushion for later migrants, so that they did not have to struggle as hard with then- new surroundings.\nQuestion: According to the passage, the Great Migration did not start earlier than 1915 because\n A. the income gap between the North and South was not large enough to induce people to migrate\n B. the cost of living in the North was prohibitively high before World War I\n C. industrial jobs in the North required specialized training unavailable in the South\n D. previous migration had yet to develop sufficient momentum to induce further migration\n E. agricultural jobs in the South paid very well before the boll weevil infestation\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:249"}
{"index": 222, "query": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: In using the phrase \"something for display\" (lines 12-13),the author most probably means art that\n A. allowed the patron to make a political statement to the world\n B. could be used to attract customers to the patron's business\n C. was meant to create an impression that reflected positively on the patron\n D. was representative of the artist's broader body of work at the time\n E. provided .the patron with personal satisfaction\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: In using the phrase \"something for display\" (lines 12-13),the author most probably means art that\n A. allowed the patron to make a political statement to the world\n B. could be used to attract customers to the patron's business\n C. was meant to create an impression that reflected positively on the patron\n D. was representative of the artist's broader body of work at the time\n E. provided .the patron with personal satisfaction\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: In using the phrase \"something for display\" (lines 12-13),the author most probably means art that\n A. allowed the patron to make a political statement to the world\n B. could be used to attract customers to the patron's business\n C. was meant to create an impression that reflected positively on the patron\n D. was representative of the artist's broader body of work at the time\n E. provided .the patron with personal satisfaction\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: In using the phrase \"something for display\" (lines 12-13),the author most probably means art that\n A. allowed the patron to make a political statement to the world\n B. could be used to attract customers to the patron's business\n C. was meant to create an impression that reflected positively on the patron\n D. was representative of the artist's broader body of work at the time\n E. provided .the patron with personal satisfaction\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:222"}
{"index": 266, "query": "There are some basic conceptual problems hovering about the widespread use of brain scans as pictures of mental activity. As applied to medical diagnosis (for example, in diagnosing a brain tumor), a brain scan is similar in principle to an X-ray: it is a way of seeing inside the body. Its value is straightforward and indubitable. However, the use of neuroimaging in psychology is a fundamentally different kind of enterprise. It is a research method the validity of which depends on a premise: that the mind can be analyzed into separate and distinct modules, or components, and further that these modules are instantiated in localized brain regions. This premise is known as the modular theory of mind. It may in fact be that neither mental activity, nor the physical processes that constitute it, are decomposable into independent modules. Psychologist William Uttal contends that rather than distinct entities, the various mental processes are likely to be properties of a more general mental activity that is distributed throughout the brain. It cannot be said, for instance, that the amygdala is the seat of emotion and the prefrontal cortex is the seat of reason, as the popular press sometimes claims. For when I get angry, I generally do so for a reason. To cleanly separate emotion from reason-giving makes a hash of human experience. But if this critique of the modular theory of mind is valid, how can one account for the fact that brain scans do, in fact, reveal well-defined areas that \"light up,\" in response to various cognitive tasks? In the case of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), what you are seeing when you look at a brain scan is actually the result of a subtraction. The FMRI is usually interpreted as a map of the rate of oxygen use in different parts of the brain, which stands as a measure of metabolic activity. But what it actually depicts is the differential rate of oxygen use: one first takes a baseline measurement in the control condition, then a second measurement while the subject is performing some cognitive task. The baseline measurement is then subtracted from the on-task measurement. The reasoning, seemingly plausible, is that whatever remains after the subtraction represents the metabolic activity associated solely with the cognitive task in question. One immediately obvious (but usually unremarked) problem is that this method obscures the fact that the entire brain is active in both conditions. A false impression of neat functional localization is given by differential brain scans that subtract out all the distributed brain functions. This subtractive method produces striking images of the brain at work. But isn't the modular theory of mind ultimately attractive in part because it is illustrated so well by the products of the subtractive method?\nQuestion: According to the passage, psychologist William Uttal contends that the various mental processes are likely to be\n A. independent modules that are based in different areas of the brain\n B. essentially an amalgamation of emotion and reason\n C. generally uniform in their rates of oxygen use\n D. detectable using brain scans enhanced by means of the subtractive method\n E. features of a general mental activity that is spread throughout the brain\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "There are some basic conceptual problems hovering about the widespread use of brain scans as pictures of mental activity. As applied to medical diagnosis (for example, in diagnosing a brain tumor), a brain scan is similar in principle to an X-ray: it is a way of seeing inside the body. Its value is straightforward and indubitable. However, the use of neuroimaging in psychology is a fundamentally different kind of enterprise. It is a research method the validity of which depends on a premise: that the mind can be analyzed into separate and distinct modules, or components, and further that these modules are instantiated in localized brain regions. This premise is known as the modular theory of mind. It may in fact be that neither mental activity, nor the physical processes that constitute it, are decomposable into independent modules. Psychologist William Uttal contends that rather than distinct entities, the various mental processes are likely to be properties of a more general mental activity that is distributed throughout the brain. It cannot be said, for instance, that the amygdala is the seat of emotion and the prefrontal cortex is the seat of reason, as the popular press sometimes claims. For when I get angry, I generally do so for a reason. To cleanly separate emotion from reason-giving makes a hash of human experience. But if this critique of the modular theory of mind is valid, how can one account for the fact that brain scans do, in fact, reveal well-defined areas that \"light up,\" in response to various cognitive tasks? In the case of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), what you are seeing when you look at a brain scan is actually the result of a subtraction. The FMRI is usually interpreted as a map of the rate of oxygen use in different parts of the brain, which stands as a measure of metabolic activity. But what it actually depicts is the differential rate of oxygen use: one first takes a baseline measurement in the control condition, then a second measurement while the subject is performing some cognitive task. The baseline measurement is then subtracted from the on-task measurement. The reasoning, seemingly plausible, is that whatever remains after the subtraction represents the metabolic activity associated solely with the cognitive task in question. One immediately obvious (but usually unremarked) problem is that this method obscures the fact that the entire brain is active in both conditions. A false impression of neat functional localization is given by differential brain scans that subtract out all the distributed brain functions. This subtractive method produces striking images of the brain at work. But isn't the modular theory of mind ultimately attractive in part because it is illustrated so well by the products of the subtractive method?\nQuestion: According to the passage, psychologist William Uttal contends that the various mental processes are likely to be\n A. independent modules that are based in different areas of the brain\n B. essentially an amalgamation of emotion and reason\n C. generally uniform in their rates of oxygen use\n D. detectable using brain scans enhanced by means of the subtractive method\n E. features of a general mental activity that is spread throughout the brain\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are some basic conceptual problems hovering about the widespread use of brain scans as pictures of mental activity. As applied to medical diagnosis (for example, in diagnosing a brain tumor), a brain scan is similar in principle to an X-ray: it is a way of seeing inside the body. Its value is straightforward and indubitable. However, the use of neuroimaging in psychology is a fundamentally different kind of enterprise. It is a research method the validity of which depends on a premise: that the mind can be analyzed into separate and distinct modules, or components, and further that these modules are instantiated in localized brain regions. This premise is known as the modular theory of mind. It may in fact be that neither mental activity, nor the physical processes that constitute it, are decomposable into independent modules. Psychologist William Uttal contends that rather than distinct entities, the various mental processes are likely to be properties of a more general mental activity that is distributed throughout the brain. It cannot be said, for instance, that the amygdala is the seat of emotion and the prefrontal cortex is the seat of reason, as the popular press sometimes claims. For when I get angry, I generally do so for a reason. To cleanly separate emotion from reason-giving makes a hash of human experience. But if this critique of the modular theory of mind is valid, how can one account for the fact that brain scans do, in fact, reveal well-defined areas that \"light up,\" in response to various cognitive tasks? In the case of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), what you are seeing when you look at a brain scan is actually the result of a subtraction. The FMRI is usually interpreted as a map of the rate of oxygen use in different parts of the brain, which stands as a measure of metabolic activity. But what it actually depicts is the differential rate of oxygen use: one first takes a baseline measurement in the control condition, then a second measurement while the subject is performing some cognitive task. The baseline measurement is then subtracted from the on-task measurement. The reasoning, seemingly plausible, is that whatever remains after the subtraction represents the metabolic activity associated solely with the cognitive task in question. One immediately obvious (but usually unremarked) problem is that this method obscures the fact that the entire brain is active in both conditions. A false impression of neat functional localization is given by differential brain scans that subtract out all the distributed brain functions. This subtractive method produces striking images of the brain at work. But isn't the modular theory of mind ultimately attractive in part because it is illustrated so well by the products of the subtractive method?\nQuestion: According to the passage, psychologist William Uttal contends that the various mental processes are likely to be\n A. independent modules that are based in different areas of the brain\n B. essentially an amalgamation of emotion and reason\n C. generally uniform in their rates of oxygen use\n D. detectable using brain scans enhanced by means of the subtractive method\n E. features of a general mental activity that is spread throughout the brain\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are some basic conceptual problems hovering about the widespread use of brain scans as pictures of mental activity. As applied to medical diagnosis (for example, in diagnosing a brain tumor), a brain scan is similar in principle to an X-ray: it is a way of seeing inside the body. Its value is straightforward and indubitable. However, the use of neuroimaging in psychology is a fundamentally different kind of enterprise. It is a research method the validity of which depends on a premise: that the mind can be analyzed into separate and distinct modules, or components, and further that these modules are instantiated in localized brain regions. This premise is known as the modular theory of mind. It may in fact be that neither mental activity, nor the physical processes that constitute it, are decomposable into independent modules. Psychologist William Uttal contends that rather than distinct entities, the various mental processes are likely to be properties of a more general mental activity that is distributed throughout the brain. It cannot be said, for instance, that the amygdala is the seat of emotion and the prefrontal cortex is the seat of reason, as the popular press sometimes claims. For when I get angry, I generally do so for a reason. To cleanly separate emotion from reason-giving makes a hash of human experience. But if this critique of the modular theory of mind is valid, how can one account for the fact that brain scans do, in fact, reveal well-defined areas that \"light up,\" in response to various cognitive tasks? In the case of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), what you are seeing when you look at a brain scan is actually the result of a subtraction. The FMRI is usually interpreted as a map of the rate of oxygen use in different parts of the brain, which stands as a measure of metabolic activity. But what it actually depicts is the differential rate of oxygen use: one first takes a baseline measurement in the control condition, then a second measurement while the subject is performing some cognitive task. The baseline measurement is then subtracted from the on-task measurement. The reasoning, seemingly plausible, is that whatever remains after the subtraction represents the metabolic activity associated solely with the cognitive task in question. One immediately obvious (but usually unremarked) problem is that this method obscures the fact that the entire brain is active in both conditions. A false impression of neat functional localization is given by differential brain scans that subtract out all the distributed brain functions. This subtractive method produces striking images of the brain at work. But isn't the modular theory of mind ultimately attractive in part because it is illustrated so well by the products of the subtractive method?\nQuestion: According to the passage, psychologist William Uttal contends that the various mental processes are likely to be\n A. independent modules that are based in different areas of the brain\n B. essentially an amalgamation of emotion and reason\n C. generally uniform in their rates of oxygen use\n D. detectable using brain scans enhanced by means of the subtractive method\n E. features of a general mental activity that is spread throughout the brain\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:266"}
{"index": 237, "query": "By 1970 it was well established that ultraviolet light from the sun contributes to skin cancer. Fortunately, much of the sun's most damaging ultraviolet radiation is screened out by a thin, diffuse layer of ozone-a toxic form of oxygen-in the stratosphere, 1 0 to 25 miles above the earth's surface. During the 1 970s, however, public policy makers worldwide were alerted to the fragility of the ozone layer through the pioneering research and advocacy of two Nobel Prize-winning scientists, Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland. In the absence of pollutants, stratospheric ozone concentrations should remain stable over time, with natural production and destruction of the gas in rough equilibrium. Molina and Rowland showed how manufactured chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)-highly volatile chemicals, millions of tons of which had been used each year in products such as aerosol sprays and refrigerants-chemically attack and deplete the ozone layer, diminishing its effectiveness as a shield against ultraviolet radiation. Studying two freon gases-types of CFCs-they observed that, when released into the lower atmosphere (troposphere), these gases slowly diffuse upward into the stratosphere. Then??, subjected to massive ultraviolet radiation, they break down into their constituent elements, including chlorine. The resulting increase in the concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere is devastating to the ozone layer. Chlorine and ozone chemically react in a way that both destroys the ozone and regenerates the chlorine atoms. As a result of this chemical reaction, each chlorine atom could destroy as many as 1 00,000 ozone molecules before becoming inactive. In 1 974 the two scientists estimated that the atmosphere contained the accumulation of five years of global CFC production. This meant that, given the rate of diffusion and breakdown of CFCs in the atmosphere, the depletion of the ozone layer would continue for years, if not decades, even if the production and use of CFCs were to cease immediately. Recognizing this as a pressing environmental threat, Molina and Rowland became public advocates for a prompt and proportionate public policy response. As a result, Molina was invited to testify before the U.S. Congress and was later appointed to the U.S. National Science Foundation Committee on Fluorocarbon Technology Assessment. Predictably, the work of Molina and Rowland and their advocacy of dramatic policy changes were subjected to attacks by critics, especially scientists with ties to the CFC industry. However, over time their views were corroborated, especially by the discovery of a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, and this led to the development of an international agreement (the Montreal Protocol of 1 987) to ban the production of ozone-depleting gases. In North America, CFCs were banned in the late 1 970s, leading to a transformation in packaging for consumer spray products and the development of more environmentally friendly refrigerant chemicals.\nQuestion: The information in the passage most helps to answer a which one of the following questions?\n A. What laboratory experiments were conducted by Molina or Rowland in their research on CFCs?\n B. What was the estimated concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere in 1 987?\n C. In what year did Molina testify before the U.S. Congress?\n D. Does .any chemical that does not contain chlorine contribute to the destruction of ozone molecules?\n E. Which constituent element of CFCs is most damaging to ozone?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "By 1970 it was well established that ultraviolet light from the sun contributes to skin cancer. Fortunately, much of the sun's most damaging ultraviolet radiation is screened out by a thin, diffuse layer of ozone-a toxic form of oxygen-in the stratosphere, 1 0 to 25 miles above the earth's surface. During the 1 970s, however, public policy makers worldwide were alerted to the fragility of the ozone layer through the pioneering research and advocacy of two Nobel Prize-winning scientists, Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland. In the absence of pollutants, stratospheric ozone concentrations should remain stable over time, with natural production and destruction of the gas in rough equilibrium. Molina and Rowland showed how manufactured chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)-highly volatile chemicals, millions of tons of which had been used each year in products such as aerosol sprays and refrigerants-chemically attack and deplete the ozone layer, diminishing its effectiveness as a shield against ultraviolet radiation. Studying two freon gases-types of CFCs-they observed that, when released into the lower atmosphere (troposphere), these gases slowly diffuse upward into the stratosphere. Then??, subjected to massive ultraviolet radiation, they break down into their constituent elements, including chlorine. The resulting increase in the concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere is devastating to the ozone layer. Chlorine and ozone chemically react in a way that both destroys the ozone and regenerates the chlorine atoms. As a result of this chemical reaction, each chlorine atom could destroy as many as 1 00,000 ozone molecules before becoming inactive. In 1 974 the two scientists estimated that the atmosphere contained the accumulation of five years of global CFC production. This meant that, given the rate of diffusion and breakdown of CFCs in the atmosphere, the depletion of the ozone layer would continue for years, if not decades, even if the production and use of CFCs were to cease immediately. Recognizing this as a pressing environmental threat, Molina and Rowland became public advocates for a prompt and proportionate public policy response. As a result, Molina was invited to testify before the U.S. Congress and was later appointed to the U.S. National Science Foundation Committee on Fluorocarbon Technology Assessment. Predictably, the work of Molina and Rowland and their advocacy of dramatic policy changes were subjected to attacks by critics, especially scientists with ties to the CFC industry. However, over time their views were corroborated, especially by the discovery of a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, and this led to the development of an international agreement (the Montreal Protocol of 1 987) to ban the production of ozone-depleting gases. In North America, CFCs were banned in the late 1 970s, leading to a transformation in packaging for consumer spray products and the development of more environmentally friendly refrigerant chemicals.\nQuestion: The information in the passage most helps to answer a which one of the following questions?\n A. What laboratory experiments were conducted by Molina or Rowland in their research on CFCs?\n B. What was the estimated concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere in 1 987?\n C. In what year did Molina testify before the U.S. Congress?\n D. Does .any chemical that does not contain chlorine contribute to the destruction of ozone molecules?\n E. Which constituent element of CFCs is most damaging to ozone?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "By 1970 it was well established that ultraviolet light from the sun contributes to skin cancer. Fortunately, much of the sun's most damaging ultraviolet radiation is screened out by a thin, diffuse layer of ozone-a toxic form of oxygen-in the stratosphere, 1 0 to 25 miles above the earth's surface. During the 1 970s, however, public policy makers worldwide were alerted to the fragility of the ozone layer through the pioneering research and advocacy of two Nobel Prize-winning scientists, Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland. In the absence of pollutants, stratospheric ozone concentrations should remain stable over time, with natural production and destruction of the gas in rough equilibrium. Molina and Rowland showed how manufactured chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)-highly volatile chemicals, millions of tons of which had been used each year in products such as aerosol sprays and refrigerants-chemically attack and deplete the ozone layer, diminishing its effectiveness as a shield against ultraviolet radiation. Studying two freon gases-types of CFCs-they observed that, when released into the lower atmosphere (troposphere), these gases slowly diffuse upward into the stratosphere. Then??, subjected to massive ultraviolet radiation, they break down into their constituent elements, including chlorine. The resulting increase in the concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere is devastating to the ozone layer. Chlorine and ozone chemically react in a way that both destroys the ozone and regenerates the chlorine atoms. As a result of this chemical reaction, each chlorine atom could destroy as many as 1 00,000 ozone molecules before becoming inactive. In 1 974 the two scientists estimated that the atmosphere contained the accumulation of five years of global CFC production. This meant that, given the rate of diffusion and breakdown of CFCs in the atmosphere, the depletion of the ozone layer would continue for years, if not decades, even if the production and use of CFCs were to cease immediately. Recognizing this as a pressing environmental threat, Molina and Rowland became public advocates for a prompt and proportionate public policy response. As a result, Molina was invited to testify before the U.S. Congress and was later appointed to the U.S. National Science Foundation Committee on Fluorocarbon Technology Assessment. Predictably, the work of Molina and Rowland and their advocacy of dramatic policy changes were subjected to attacks by critics, especially scientists with ties to the CFC industry. However, over time their views were corroborated, especially by the discovery of a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, and this led to the development of an international agreement (the Montreal Protocol of 1 987) to ban the production of ozone-depleting gases. In North America, CFCs were banned in the late 1 970s, leading to a transformation in packaging for consumer spray products and the development of more environmentally friendly refrigerant chemicals.\nQuestion: The information in the passage most helps to answer a which one of the following questions?\n A. What laboratory experiments were conducted by Molina or Rowland in their research on CFCs?\n B. What was the estimated concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere in 1 987?\n C. In what year did Molina testify before the U.S. Congress?\n D. Does .any chemical that does not contain chlorine contribute to the destruction of ozone molecules?\n E. Which constituent element of CFCs is most damaging to ozone?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "By 1970 it was well established that ultraviolet light from the sun contributes to skin cancer. Fortunately, much of the sun's most damaging ultraviolet radiation is screened out by a thin, diffuse layer of ozone-a toxic form of oxygen-in the stratosphere, 1 0 to 25 miles above the earth's surface. During the 1 970s, however, public policy makers worldwide were alerted to the fragility of the ozone layer through the pioneering research and advocacy of two Nobel Prize-winning scientists, Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland. In the absence of pollutants, stratospheric ozone concentrations should remain stable over time, with natural production and destruction of the gas in rough equilibrium. Molina and Rowland showed how manufactured chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)-highly volatile chemicals, millions of tons of which had been used each year in products such as aerosol sprays and refrigerants-chemically attack and deplete the ozone layer, diminishing its effectiveness as a shield against ultraviolet radiation. Studying two freon gases-types of CFCs-they observed that, when released into the lower atmosphere (troposphere), these gases slowly diffuse upward into the stratosphere. Then??, subjected to massive ultraviolet radiation, they break down into their constituent elements, including chlorine. The resulting increase in the concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere is devastating to the ozone layer. Chlorine and ozone chemically react in a way that both destroys the ozone and regenerates the chlorine atoms. As a result of this chemical reaction, each chlorine atom could destroy as many as 1 00,000 ozone molecules before becoming inactive. In 1 974 the two scientists estimated that the atmosphere contained the accumulation of five years of global CFC production. This meant that, given the rate of diffusion and breakdown of CFCs in the atmosphere, the depletion of the ozone layer would continue for years, if not decades, even if the production and use of CFCs were to cease immediately. Recognizing this as a pressing environmental threat, Molina and Rowland became public advocates for a prompt and proportionate public policy response. As a result, Molina was invited to testify before the U.S. Congress and was later appointed to the U.S. National Science Foundation Committee on Fluorocarbon Technology Assessment. Predictably, the work of Molina and Rowland and their advocacy of dramatic policy changes were subjected to attacks by critics, especially scientists with ties to the CFC industry. However, over time their views were corroborated, especially by the discovery of a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica, and this led to the development of an international agreement (the Montreal Protocol of 1 987) to ban the production of ozone-depleting gases. In North America, CFCs were banned in the late 1 970s, leading to a transformation in packaging for consumer spray products and the development of more environmentally friendly refrigerant chemicals.\nQuestion: The information in the passage most helps to answer a which one of the following questions?\n A. What laboratory experiments were conducted by Molina or Rowland in their research on CFCs?\n B. What was the estimated concentration of CFCs in the atmosphere in 1 987?\n C. In what year did Molina testify before the U.S. Congress?\n D. Does .any chemical that does not contain chlorine contribute to the destruction of ozone molecules?\n E. Which constituent element of CFCs is most damaging to ozone?\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:237"}
{"index": 226, "query": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: The primary function of the third paragraph is to\n A. reject a possible response to the argument made in the first paragraph\n B. identify assumptions relied upon by a type of analysis referred to in the first paragraph\n C. present an argument that weakens the argument made in the second paragraph\n D. offer additional evidence for the conclusion reach,ed in the second paragraph\n E. draw a definitive conclusion from the claims made in the second paragraph\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: The primary function of the third paragraph is to\n A. reject a possible response to the argument made in the first paragraph\n B. identify assumptions relied upon by a type of analysis referred to in the first paragraph\n C. present an argument that weakens the argument made in the second paragraph\n D. offer additional evidence for the conclusion reach,ed in the second paragraph\n E. draw a definitive conclusion from the claims made in the second paragraph\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: The primary function of the third paragraph is to\n A. reject a possible response to the argument made in the first paragraph\n B. identify assumptions relied upon by a type of analysis referred to in the first paragraph\n C. present an argument that weakens the argument made in the second paragraph\n D. offer additional evidence for the conclusion reach,ed in the second paragraph\n E. draw a definitive conclusion from the claims made in the second paragraph\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most sociohistorical interpretations of are view a body of work as the production of a class, generally a dominant or governing class, imposing its ideals. For example, Richard Taruskin writes in his Oxford History of Western Music that one of the defining characteristics of \"high art\" is that \"it is produced by and for political and social elites.\" What Taruskin and others fail to clarify, however, is that there are two different ways that art, historically, was \"produced by and for political and social elites.\" The first way was for a member of the elite to engage a well-known artist to produce something for display. For instance, if one commissions a famous architect to design one's house, that may reflect great credit on one's taste, even if one finds the house impossible to live in. The second way was to create, or to have created, a work that expressed and mirrored one's ideals and way of life, like Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican apartmentscommissioned by Pope Julius II.Sociohistorical critics like Taruskin prefer to deal with art produced the second way, because it enables them to construct a subtle analysis of the way such art embodied the ideology of the elite, whatever the identity of the artist. For this kind of analysis to work,however, it must be the case that the elite had a recognizable identity and displayed some kind of consensus about the world and the way life was to be lived, and it must also be the case that we can eliminate the possibility that artists subverted the ideals of the patron for their own reasons. Historically, the two social classes able to commission art were the aristocratic, or governing class, and the well-to-do middle class, what used to be called die bourgeoisie. The taste of the aristocracy and the upper middle class has not always been apt to produce an art that endures. In his characterization of nineteenth-century English culture, cultural critic Matthew Arnold identified the aristocracy as Barbarians, interested largely in fox hunting and gaming, and the middle class as Philistines, obsessed with respectability. As a result, the more talented artists sometimes had to find a place in the margins of the establishment-engaged by a rich patron with eccentric tastes, for example. Moreover, a great deal of art that went against the grain of elite values was paid for by the establishment unwillingly and with misgivings. Because some of this art endured, the sociohistorical critic, like Taruskin, must engage in an analogue of Freudian analysis, and claim that in hidden ways such art embodied the ideals of the elite, who were unaware that those ideals are revealed by work of which they overtly disapproved.\nQuestion: The primary function of the third paragraph is to\n A. reject a possible response to the argument made in the first paragraph\n B. identify assumptions relied upon by a type of analysis referred to in the first paragraph\n C. present an argument that weakens the argument made in the second paragraph\n D. offer additional evidence for the conclusion reach,ed in the second paragraph\n E. draw a definitive conclusion from the claims made in the second paragraph\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:226"}
{"index": 203, "query": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The last paragraph of the passage serves primarily to\n A. detail how wampum belts evolved from other forms of wampum\n B. distinguish between wampum belts and less complex forms of string wampum\n C. illustrate how wampum functioned as a system of symbolic representation\n D. outline the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution as it was encoded using wampum\n E. give evidence of wampum's effectiveness as a means of ensuring compliance with the law of the Haudenosaune Confederacy\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The last paragraph of the passage serves primarily to\n A. detail how wampum belts evolved from other forms of wampum\n B. distinguish between wampum belts and less complex forms of string wampum\n C. illustrate how wampum functioned as a system of symbolic representation\n D. outline the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution as it was encoded using wampum\n E. give evidence of wampum's effectiveness as a means of ensuring compliance with the law of the Haudenosaune Confederacy\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The last paragraph of the passage serves primarily to\n A. detail how wampum belts evolved from other forms of wampum\n B. distinguish between wampum belts and less complex forms of string wampum\n C. illustrate how wampum functioned as a system of symbolic representation\n D. outline the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution as it was encoded using wampum\n E. give evidence of wampum's effectiveness as a means of ensuring compliance with the law of the Haudenosaune Confederacy\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Before contact with Europeans, the Haudenosaune, a group of nations in northeastern North America also known as the Iroquois, had been developing a form of communication, primarily for political purposes, that used wampum, a bead carved from seashell. Most historians have insisted that wampum was primarily a form of money. While wampum certainly did become a medium of exchange among Europeans and Haudenosaune alike, this was due to the Europeans, who misinterpreted the significance of wampum and used it solely to purchase goods from the Haudenosaune. However, the true significance of wampum for the Haudenosaune lies in its gradual development from objects with religious significance into a method for maintaining permanent peace among distinct nations. Over time wampum came to be used to record and convey key sociopolitical messages. Wampum came in two colors, white and deep purple. Loose beads constituted the simplest and oldest form of wampum. Even in the form of loose beads, wampum could represent certain basic ideas. For example, white was associated with the sky-yearning spirit, Sapling, whose terrestrial creations, such as trees, were often beneficial to humanity; deep purple was associated with Sapling's twin brother, Flint, the earth-loving spirit whose frequent mischievous vandalism (e.g., in the form of storms) often severely disrupted human life. Legend indicates, for example, that ancient Haudenosaune anglers threw the beads into the water in which they fished to communicate with Sapling or Flint (differing versions of the Haudenosaune cosmology attribute the creation of fish to one or the other of these spirits). Later, loose beads were strung together forming string wampum. It is thought that string wampum was used to send simple political messages such as truce requests. It was, however, the formation of the Haudenosaune Confederacy from a group of warring tribes, believed by some to have occurred around 1451, that supplied the major impetus for making wampum a deliberate system of both arbitrary and pictorially derived symbols designed primarily for political purposes. This is evident in the invention of wampum belts to encode the provisions of the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution. These belts combined string wampum to form icons that could be deciphered by those knowing the significance of the stylized symbols. For example, longhouses, depicted in front-view outline, usually meant a particular nation of the confederacy. Council fires, possibly indicating talks in progress, were diamond outlines that could appear alone or within trees or longhouses. Lines between humanlike figures seem to have indicated the current state of relations between peoples; belts containing such images were often used as safe-conduct passes. The arrangements of the two colors also directed interpretation of the symbols. Thus, the belts served to record, store, and make publicly available items of governmental business. Although the wampum symbol system had a limited lexicon, it served to effectively frame and enforce the law of the confederacy for hundreds of years.\nQuestion: The last paragraph of the passage serves primarily to\n A. detail how wampum belts evolved from other forms of wampum\n B. distinguish between wampum belts and less complex forms of string wampum\n C. illustrate how wampum functioned as a system of symbolic representation\n D. outline the Haudenosaune Confederacy's constitution as it was encoded using wampum\n E. give evidence of wampum's effectiveness as a means of ensuring compliance with the law of the Haudenosaune Confederacy\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:203"}
{"index": 153, "query": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: In arguing for their respective positions, the author of passage A and the author of passage B both do which one of the following?\n A. explain a phenomenon by pointing to its biological origins\n B. endorse a claim simply because it is widely believed\n C. accept a claim for the sake of argument\n D. attempt to resolve an apparent paradox\n E. assert that their positions are supported by data\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: In arguing for their respective positions, the author of passage A and the author of passage B both do which one of the following?\n A. explain a phenomenon by pointing to its biological origins\n B. endorse a claim simply because it is widely believed\n C. accept a claim for the sake of argument\n D. attempt to resolve an apparent paradox\n E. assert that their positions are supported by data\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: In arguing for their respective positions, the author of passage A and the author of passage B both do which one of the following?\n A. explain a phenomenon by pointing to its biological origins\n B. endorse a claim simply because it is widely believed\n C. accept a claim for the sake of argument\n D. attempt to resolve an apparent paradox\n E. assert that their positions are supported by data\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Research concerning happiness and wealth reveals a paradox: at any one time richer people report higher levels of happiness than poorer people in the same society report, and yet over time advanced societies have not grown happier as they have grown richer. Apparently, people are comparing their income with some norm, and that norm must be rising along with actual income. Two phenomena\u2014habituation and rivalry\u2014push up the norm. When our living standards increase, we love it initially but then we adjust and it makes little difference. For example, if we ask people with different incomes what income they consider sufficient, the \"required income\" correlates strongly with their actual income: a rise in actual income causes a roughly equivalent rise in required income. We can also look at reported happiness over time. Job satisfaction depends little on the absolute level of wages but rises if wages rapidly increase. We do not have the same experience with other aspects of our lives. We do not foresee how we adjust to material possessions, so we overinvest in acquiring them, at the expense of leisure. Now consider the phenomenon of rivalry. In a study conducted by Solnick and Hemenway, people were asked to choose between two options, with all prices held constant: A. You earn $50,000 a year while everyone else earns $25,000; B. You earn $100,000 a year while others make $200,000. The majority chose the first. They were happy to be poorer, provided their relative position improved. And indeed, how people compare to their \"reference group\" \u04bbthose most like them\u2014is crucial for happiness. In East Germany, for example, living standards have soared since 1990, but the level of happiness has plummeted because people now compare themselves with West Germans, rather than with people in other Soviet bloc countries. Passage B Does the Solnick and Hemenway study mean that we care most about one-upmanship? Perhaps out of our primeval past comes the urge to demonstrate our superiority in order to help ensure mating prospects, keeping our genetic lines going. Still programmed like this, we get unexplainable pleasure from having a bigger house than our neighbors. This theory may sound good and is commonly heard, but it is not the explanation best supported by the evidence. Rather, the data show that earning more makes people happier because relative prosperity makes them feel that they are successful, that they have created value. If two people feel equally successful, they will be equally happy even if their incomes differ greatly. Of course, people who earn more generally view themselves as successful. But it is the success\u2014not the money per se-that provides the happiness. We use material wealth to show not just that we are prosperous, but that we are prosperous because we create value. What scholars often portray as an ignoble tendency-wanting to have more than others- is really evidence of a desire to create value. Wanting to create value benefits society. It is a bonus that it also brings happiness.\nQuestion: In arguing for their respective positions, the author of passage A and the author of passage B both do which one of the following?\n A. explain a phenomenon by pointing to its biological origins\n B. endorse a claim simply because it is widely believed\n C. accept a claim for the sake of argument\n D. attempt to resolve an apparent paradox\n E. assert that their positions are supported by data\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:153"}
{"index": 79, "query": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Dostoyevsky's attitude toward the radical critics' view would be most softened if the radical critics were to\n A. draw a sharper distinction between reality and fantasy when evaluating the content of a literary work\n B. put clarity of purpose ahead of formal aspects when evaluating a literary work\n C. acknowledge the importance of eliminating elements of concrete reality from literary works\n D. recognize the full significance of artistic merit when evaluating literary works\n E. explain more fully their demand that reality be depicted as it is\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Dostoyevsky's attitude toward the radical critics' view would be most softened if the radical critics were to\n A. draw a sharper distinction between reality and fantasy when evaluating the content of a literary work\n B. put clarity of purpose ahead of formal aspects when evaluating a literary work\n C. acknowledge the importance of eliminating elements of concrete reality from literary works\n D. recognize the full significance of artistic merit when evaluating literary works\n E. explain more fully their demand that reality be depicted as it is\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Dostoyevsky's attitude toward the radical critics' view would be most softened if the radical critics were to\n A. draw a sharper distinction between reality and fantasy when evaluating the content of a literary work\n B. put clarity of purpose ahead of formal aspects when evaluating a literary work\n C. acknowledge the importance of eliminating elements of concrete reality from literary works\n D. recognize the full significance of artistic merit when evaluating literary works\n E. explain more fully their demand that reality be depicted as it is\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Dostoyevsky's attitude toward the radical critics' view would be most softened if the radical critics were to\n A. draw a sharper distinction between reality and fantasy when evaluating the content of a literary work\n B. put clarity of purpose ahead of formal aspects when evaluating a literary work\n C. acknowledge the importance of eliminating elements of concrete reality from literary works\n D. recognize the full significance of artistic merit when evaluating literary works\n E. explain more fully their demand that reality be depicted as it is\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:79"}
{"index": 41, "query": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following can most reasonably be inferred about abstract expressionism?\n A. Over time, it moved from abstraction to realism.\n B. Over time, it moved from intensity to lyricism.\n C. Over time, it moved from intellectualism to emotionalism.\n D. Over time, it moved from obscurity to clarity.\n E. Over time, it moved from density to sparseness.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following can most reasonably be inferred about abstract expressionism?\n A. Over time, it moved from abstraction to realism.\n B. Over time, it moved from intensity to lyricism.\n C. Over time, it moved from intellectualism to emotionalism.\n D. Over time, it moved from obscurity to clarity.\n E. Over time, it moved from density to sparseness.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following can most reasonably be inferred about abstract expressionism?\n A. Over time, it moved from abstraction to realism.\n B. Over time, it moved from intensity to lyricism.\n C. Over time, it moved from intellectualism to emotionalism.\n D. Over time, it moved from obscurity to clarity.\n E. Over time, it moved from density to sparseness.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following can most reasonably be inferred about abstract expressionism?\n A. Over time, it moved from abstraction to realism.\n B. Over time, it moved from intensity to lyricism.\n C. Over time, it moved from intellectualism to emotionalism.\n D. Over time, it moved from obscurity to clarity.\n E. Over time, it moved from density to sparseness.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:41"}
{"index": 210, "query": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: In saying that Popper gives a certain idea \"hyperbolic application\" (line 7), the author of passage A means to suggest that Popper\n A. extends the idea to cases in which it does not apply\n B. underestimates the significance of the idea\n C. commits a logical fallacy in reasoning about the idea\n D. draws too radical a conclusion from the idea\n E. exaggerates the idea's relevance to a particular theory\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: In saying that Popper gives a certain idea \"hyperbolic application\" (line 7), the author of passage A means to suggest that Popper\n A. extends the idea to cases in which it does not apply\n B. underestimates the significance of the idea\n C. commits a logical fallacy in reasoning about the idea\n D. draws too radical a conclusion from the idea\n E. exaggerates the idea's relevance to a particular theory\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: In saying that Popper gives a certain idea \"hyperbolic application\" (line 7), the author of passage A means to suggest that Popper\n A. extends the idea to cases in which it does not apply\n B. underestimates the significance of the idea\n C. commits a logical fallacy in reasoning about the idea\n D. draws too radical a conclusion from the idea\n E. exaggerates the idea's relevance to a particular theory\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A Karl Popper's main contribution to the philosophy of science science concerns the power of negative evidence. The fundamental point is simple: No number of white swans, for example, can ever prove that all swans are white, but a single black swan disproves the hypothesis. Popper gives this logical asymmetry between positive and negative evidence hyperbolic application, maintaining that positive evidence has no value as evidence and that negative evidence is tantamount to disproof. Moreover, Popper takes the search for negative evidence to be at the heart of scientific research; that is, for Popper, scientific research involves not only generating bold theories, but also searching for evidence that would disprove them. Indeed, for him, a theory counts as scientific only if it makes predictions that are testable in this way. However, Popper's use of the logical asymmetry does not adequately capture the actual situation scientists face. If a theory deductively entails a false prediction, then the theory must be false as well. But a scientific theory rarely entails predictions on its own. When scientists actually derive a theory's predictions, they almost always need diverse additional \"auxiliary\" premises, which appeal to other theories, to the correct functioning of instrumentation, to the absence of disturbing forces, etc. When a prediction fails, logic indicates that at least one of the premises must be false, but it does not indicate which one. When an experiment does not work out as predicted, there is usually more than one possible explanation. Positive evidence is never conclusive. But negative evidence rarely is either. Passage B When the planet Uranus was discovered, astronomers attempted to predict its orbit. They based their predictions on Newton's laws and auxiliary assumptions about the mass of the sun and the masses, orbits, and velocities of other planets. One of the auxiliary assumptions was that no planets existed in the vicinity of Uranus. When the astronomers made their observations, they found that the orbit they had predicted for Uranus was incorrect. One possible explanation for the failure of their prediction was that Newton's laws were incorrect. Another was that there was an error in the auxiliary assumptions. The astronomers changed their assumptions about the existence of other planets, concluding that there must be another planet close enough to Uranus to produce the observed orbit. Not long afterward, scientists discovered the planet Neptune in the precise place it would have to be to bring their calculations into alignment with their observations Later astronomers, again using Newton's laws, predicted the orbit of Mercury. Once again, the predictions were not borne out. They hypothesized the existence of another planet in the vicinity, which they called Vulcan. However, Vulcan was never found, and some scientists began to think that perhaps Newton's laws were in error. Finally, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was introduced, astronomers discovered that calculations based on that theory and the old auxiliary assumptions predicted the observed orbit of Mercury, leading to the rejection of Newton's theory of gravity and to increased confidence in Einstein's theory.\nQuestion: In saying that Popper gives a certain idea \"hyperbolic application\" (line 7), the author of passage A means to suggest that Popper\n A. extends the idea to cases in which it does not apply\n B. underestimates the significance of the idea\n C. commits a logical fallacy in reasoning about the idea\n D. draws too radical a conclusion from the idea\n E. exaggerates the idea's relevance to a particular theory\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:210"}
{"index": 189, "query": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be said to be disturbing in a way that is most analogous to the way that Schoenberg's music is said to be disturbing in line 54?\n A. a comedian whose material relies heavily upon vulgar humor\n B. a comedian whose humor shines a light on aspects of human nature many people would prefer to ignore\n C. a comedian whose material is composed primarily of material already made famous by other comedians\n D. a comedian whose material expresses an extreme political philosophy\n E. a comedian whose style of humor is unfamiliar to the audience\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be said to be disturbing in a way that is most analogous to the way that Schoenberg's music is said to be disturbing in line 54?\n A. a comedian whose material relies heavily upon vulgar humor\n B. a comedian whose humor shines a light on aspects of human nature many people would prefer to ignore\n C. a comedian whose material is composed primarily of material already made famous by other comedians\n D. a comedian whose material expresses an extreme political philosophy\n E. a comedian whose style of humor is unfamiliar to the audience\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be said to be disturbing in a way that is most analogous to the way that Schoenberg's music is said to be disturbing in line 54?\n A. a comedian whose material relies heavily upon vulgar humor\n B. a comedian whose humor shines a light on aspects of human nature many people would prefer to ignore\n C. a comedian whose material is composed primarily of material already made famous by other comedians\n D. a comedian whose material expresses an extreme political philosophy\n E. a comedian whose style of humor is unfamiliar to the audience\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Never was anything as incoherent, shrill, chaotic and ear-splitting produced in music. The most piercing dissonances clash in a really atrocious harmony, and a few puny ideas only increase the disagreeable and deafening effect.\" This remark aptly characterizes the reaction of many listeners to the music of Arnold Schoenberg. But this particular criticism comes from the pen of the dramatist August von Kotzebue, writing in 1806 about the overture to Beethoven's opera Fidelio. Both Beethoven and Schoenberg stirred controversy because of the way they altered the language and extended the expressive range of music. Beethoven, of course, has stood as a cultural icon for more than a century, but that didn't happen overnight. His most challenging works did not become popular until well into the twentieth century and, significantly, after the invention of the phonograph, which made repeated listening possible. Like Beethoven, Schoenberg worked in a constantly changing and evolving musical style that acknowledged tradition while simultaneously lighting out for new territory. This is true of the three different musical styles through which Schoenberg's music evolved. He began in the late-Romantic manner\u2014music charged with shifting chromatic harmonies\u2014that was pervasive in his youth. People who enjoy the music of Brahms ought to love Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht, and they usually do, once they get past the fact that they are listening to a piece by Schoenberg. Schoenberg later pushed those unstable harmonies until they no longer had a tonal basis. He did this in part because in his view it was the next inevitable step in the historical development of music, and he felt he was a man of destiny; he also did it because he needed to in order to express what he was compelled to express. Finally, he developed the 12-tone technique as a means of bringing a new system of order to nontonal music and stabilizing it. In all three styles, Schoenberg operated at an awe-inspiring level of technical mastery. As his career progressed, his music became more condensed, more violent in its contrasts, and therefore more difficult to follow. But the real issue for any piece of music is not how it is made, but what it has to say. If Schoenberg hadn't existed, it would have been necessary to invent him, and not because of the 12-tone system, the seeds of which appear in Mozart. What makes Schoenberg's music essential is that he precisely delineated recognizable and sometimes disquieting emotional states that music had not recorded before. Some of his work remains disturbing not because it is incoherent shrill, and ear-splitting, but because it unflinchingly faces difficult truths.\nQuestion: Which one of the following could be said to be disturbing in a way that is most analogous to the way that Schoenberg's music is said to be disturbing in line 54?\n A. a comedian whose material relies heavily upon vulgar humor\n B. a comedian whose humor shines a light on aspects of human nature many people would prefer to ignore\n C. a comedian whose material is composed primarily of material already made famous by other comedians\n D. a comedian whose material expresses an extreme political philosophy\n E. a comedian whose style of humor is unfamiliar to the audience\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:189"}
{"index": 75, "query": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: In the context of the passage, the description of a work of literature as \"useful\" mainly refers to its\n A. proficiency at depicting the realm of the fantastic\n B. effectiveness at communicating the author's ideas\n C. ability to help bring about social change\n D. facility for exploding the boundaries of the tangible world\n E. capacity to advance a particular theory of literature\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: In the context of the passage, the description of a work of literature as \"useful\" mainly refers to its\n A. proficiency at depicting the realm of the fantastic\n B. effectiveness at communicating the author's ideas\n C. ability to help bring about social change\n D. facility for exploding the boundaries of the tangible world\n E. capacity to advance a particular theory of literature\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: In the context of the passage, the description of a work of literature as \"useful\" mainly refers to its\n A. proficiency at depicting the realm of the fantastic\n B. effectiveness at communicating the author's ideas\n C. ability to help bring about social change\n D. facility for exploding the boundaries of the tangible world\n E. capacity to advance a particular theory of literature\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During Dostoyevsky's time there were two significant and opposing directions in Russian literary criticism. One position maintained that art stood high above the present and the everyday, while the radical view maintained that art had a right to exist only if it found its sources in concrete reality, and, through the exposure of want and injustice, it contributed to the creation of a new society; literature, in other words, should be useful. Dostoyevsky took a third position. As a realist, he never doubted that reality was literature's crucial source. But his understanding of reality went deeper than the one prevailing among radical critics, since for Dostoyevsky there was no distinction in principle between fantasy and reality, and reality was far more than the merely tangible. The radical critics' demand that reality be depicted \"as it is\" was meaningless for Dostoyevsky; reality was necessarily shaped by the person who experienced it: what may not be reality for you may be reality for me. The task of the writer was to explode the boundaries of the so-called real world. Within perceptible \"reality\" exists another sphere, the fantastic, which is not in any way superfluous to a writer's concerns: \"The fantastic must be so intimately bound up with the real that one almost believes in it.\" The radical critics' insistence that art must serve a particular political view was for Dostoyevsky the equivalent of assigning to art \"a shameful destiny.\" A literary work must stand or fall on its \"artistic merit,\" he explained. The utilitarian claim that the formal aspects of a work were of secondary importance so long as its goal was good and its purpose clear struck Dostoyevsky as a contradiction in terms. Only fully realized artistic works could fulfill their goals. But what does it mean to say that a work is \"artistic\" ? Dostoyevsky defined it thus: \"To say that a novelist is 'artistic'means that he possesses a talent to express his thoughts in characters and images so that when the reader has finished the novel, he has fully understood the author's thoughts. Therefore, artistry is quite simply the ability to write well.\" The radical critics' requirement that art must at all costs be \"useful\" to people and society seemed to Dostoyevsky unsatisfactory. How can we know what will show itself to be useful? Can we say with assurance how useful the Iliad has been to humankind? No, Dostoyevsky believed, when it comes to this we encounter breadths that cannot be measured with any precision; sometimes a work of art may appear to deviate from reality and serve no useful purpose because we cannot see clearly what paths it may take to become useful.\nQuestion: In the context of the passage, the description of a work of literature as \"useful\" mainly refers to its\n A. proficiency at depicting the realm of the fantastic\n B. effectiveness at communicating the author's ideas\n C. ability to help bring about social change\n D. facility for exploding the boundaries of the tangible world\n E. capacity to advance a particular theory of literature\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:75"}
{"index": 92, "query": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Both passages allude to a method of fingerprint identification in which examiners\n A. rely on a holistic impression of how similar two fingerprints are\n B. use computerized databases to search for matching fingerprints\n C. count the number of characteristics two fingerprints have in common\n D. calculate the odds of two different individuals' sharing certain very rare fingerprint characteristics\n E. use computer technology to clariJY the images of smudged or partial fingerprints\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Both passages allude to a method of fingerprint identification in which examiners\n A. rely on a holistic impression of how similar two fingerprints are\n B. use computerized databases to search for matching fingerprints\n C. count the number of characteristics two fingerprints have in common\n D. calculate the odds of two different individuals' sharing certain very rare fingerprint characteristics\n E. use computer technology to clariJY the images of smudged or partial fingerprints\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Both passages allude to a method of fingerprint identification in which examiners\n A. rely on a holistic impression of how similar two fingerprints are\n B. use computerized databases to search for matching fingerprints\n C. count the number of characteristics two fingerprints have in common\n D. calculate the odds of two different individuals' sharing certain very rare fingerprint characteristics\n E. use computer technology to clariJY the images of smudged or partial fingerprints\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage A In this appeal of his criminal conviction, the defendant challenges the fingerprint evidence used against him at trial, claiming that fingerprint identification theory has not been adequately tested. He cites the inability of the fingerprint examiner who incriminated him at trial to name any studies establishing that no two persons have identical fingerprints. The defendant claims that there are no established error rates revealing how often :fingerprint examiners incorrectly identifY a fingerprint as a particular person's, and asserts that fingerprint examiners lack uniform, objective standards. He cites testimony given by the fingerprint examiner at trial that there is no generally accepted standard regarding the number of \"points of identification\" required for a positive identification. Although fingerprint identification has not attained the status of scientific law, it has been used in criminal trials for 100 years, and experts have long concurred about its reliability. While further testing and the development of even more consistent standards may be desirable, this court sees no reason to reject outright a form of evidence that has so ably withstood the test of time. While it may be true that different agencies require different degrees of correlation before permitting a positive identification, fingerprint examiners are held to a consistent \"points and characteristics\" approach to identification. As the fingerprint expert testified at the defendant's trial, examiners are regularly subjected to testing and proficiency requirements, and uniform standards have been established through professional training and peer review. The trial court below was therefore within its diseretion in erediting testimony that fingerprint identification has an exceedingly low error rate. Passage B Fingerprint examiners lack objective standards for evaluating whether two prints \"match.\" There is simply no consensus about what constitutes a sufficient basis fur identification. Some examiners use a \"point-counting\" method that entails counting the number of similar \"ridge\" characteristics on prints, but there is no fixed requirement about how many points of similarity are needed, and local practices vary. Others reject point counting for a more holistic approach. Either way, there is no generally agreed-on standard for determining precisely when to declare a match. Although we know that different individuals can share certain ridge characteristics, the chance of two individuals sharing any given number of identifying characteristics is unknown. How likely is it that two people could have four points of resemblance, or five, or eight? Moreover, fingerprints used in forensic identification are typically partial and smndged. Are the odds that two partial prints from different people will match one in a thousand, one in a million, or one in a billion? No :fingerprint examiner can answer such questions decisively, yet the answers are critical to evaluating the value of fingerprint evidence. The error rate for fingerprint identification in actoal practice has received little systematic study. How often do fingerprint examiners mistakenly declare a match? Although some proficiency tests show examiners making few or no errors, these tests have been criticized as lax; a more rigorous test showed a 34 percent rate of erroneous identification.\nQuestion: Both passages allude to a method of fingerprint identification in which examiners\n A. rely on a holistic impression of how similar two fingerprints are\n B. use computerized databases to search for matching fingerprints\n C. count the number of characteristics two fingerprints have in common\n D. calculate the odds of two different individuals' sharing certain very rare fingerprint characteristics\n E. use computer technology to clariJY the images of smudged or partial fingerprints\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:92"}
{"index": 19, "query": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the author's main point in the passage?\n A. Because of their assumption that alcohol is the only active ingredient in wine, beer, and distilled spirits, scientists have previously studied these beverages in ways that obscure their healthful effects.\n B. A new study of moderate wine consumption calls into question the belief that premature heart disease is caused solely by the presence of high lipid levels in the bloodstream.\n C. Researchers have found that alcohol from moderate wine consumption is absorbed into the bloodstream more slowly than is alcohol from other alcoholic beverages.\n D. Although it has long been held that moderate wine consumption has healthful effects, scientific studies have yet to prove such effects definitively.\n E. Wine, unlike other alcoholic beverages, appears to have a number of significant healthful effects that may be tied to certain natural compounds found in grapes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the author's main point in the passage?\n A. Because of their assumption that alcohol is the only active ingredient in wine, beer, and distilled spirits, scientists have previously studied these beverages in ways that obscure their healthful effects.\n B. A new study of moderate wine consumption calls into question the belief that premature heart disease is caused solely by the presence of high lipid levels in the bloodstream.\n C. Researchers have found that alcohol from moderate wine consumption is absorbed into the bloodstream more slowly than is alcohol from other alcoholic beverages.\n D. Although it has long been held that moderate wine consumption has healthful effects, scientific studies have yet to prove such effects definitively.\n E. Wine, unlike other alcoholic beverages, appears to have a number of significant healthful effects that may be tied to certain natural compounds found in grapes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the author's main point in the passage?\n A. Because of their assumption that alcohol is the only active ingredient in wine, beer, and distilled spirits, scientists have previously studied these beverages in ways that obscure their healthful effects.\n B. A new study of moderate wine consumption calls into question the belief that premature heart disease is caused solely by the presence of high lipid levels in the bloodstream.\n C. Researchers have found that alcohol from moderate wine consumption is absorbed into the bloodstream more slowly than is alcohol from other alcoholic beverages.\n D. Although it has long been held that moderate wine consumption has healthful effects, scientific studies have yet to prove such effects definitively.\n E. Wine, unlike other alcoholic beverages, appears to have a number of significant healthful effects that may be tied to certain natural compounds found in grapes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most scientists who study the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages have assumed that wine, like beer or distilled spirits, is a drink whose only active ingredient is alcohol. Because of this assumption, these scientists have rarely investigated the effects of wine as distinct from other forms of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, unlike other alcoholic beverages, wine has for centuries been thought to have healthful effects that these scientists\u2014who not only make no distinction among wine, beer, and distilled spirits but also study only the excessive or abusive intake of these beverages\u2014have obscured. Recently, a small group of researchers has questioned this assumption and investigated the effects of moderate wine consumption. While alcohol has been shown conclusively to have negative physiological effects\u2014for example, alcohol strongly affects the body's processing of lipids (fats and other substances including cholesterol), causing dangerous increases in the levels of these substances in the blood, increases that are a large contributing factor in the development of premature heart disease\u2014the researchers found that absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream occurs much more slowly when subjects drink wine than when they drink distilled spirits. More remarkably, it was discovered that deaths due to premature heart disease in the populations of several European countries decreased dramatically as the incidence of moderate wine consumption increased. One preliminary study linked this effect to red wine, but subsequent research has shown identical results whether the wine was white or red. What could explain such apparently healthful effects? For one thing, the studies show increased activity of a natural clot-breaking compound used by doctors to restore blood flow through blocked vessels in victims of heart disease. In addition, the studies of wine drinkers indicate increased levels of certain compounds that may help to prevent damage from high lipid levels. And although the link between lipid processing and premature heart disease is one of the most important discoveries in modern medicine, in the past 20 years researchers have found several additional important contributing factors. We now know that endothelial cell reactivity (which affects the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels) and platelet adhesiveness (which influences the degree to which platelets cause blood to clot) are each linked to the development of premature heart disease. Studies show that wine appears to have ameliorating effects on both of these factors: it decreases the thickness of the innermost walls of blood vessels, and it reduces platelet adhesiveness. One study demonstrated a decrease in platelet adhesiveness among individuals who drank large amounts of grape juice. This finding may be the first step in confirming speculation that the potentially healthful effects of moderate wine intake may derive from the concentration of certain natural compounds found in grapes and not present in other alcoholic beverages.\nQuestion: Which one of the following most accurately states the author's main point in the passage?\n A. Because of their assumption that alcohol is the only active ingredient in wine, beer, and distilled spirits, scientists have previously studied these beverages in ways that obscure their healthful effects.\n B. A new study of moderate wine consumption calls into question the belief that premature heart disease is caused solely by the presence of high lipid levels in the bloodstream.\n C. Researchers have found that alcohol from moderate wine consumption is absorbed into the bloodstream more slowly than is alcohol from other alcoholic beverages.\n D. Although it has long been held that moderate wine consumption has healthful effects, scientific studies have yet to prove such effects definitively.\n E. Wine, unlike other alcoholic beverages, appears to have a number of significant healthful effects that may be tied to certain natural compounds found in grapes.\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:19"}
{"index": 142, "query": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Dunham's work in anthropology differed from that of most other anthropologists in the 1930s in that Dunham\n A. performed fieldwork for a very extended time period\n B. related the traditions she studied to those of her own culture\n C. employed a participative approach in performing research\n D. attached a high degree of political significance to her research\n E. had prior familiarity with the cultural practices of the peoples she set out to study\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Dunham's work in anthropology differed from that of most other anthropologists in the 1930s in that Dunham\n A. performed fieldwork for a very extended time period\n B. related the traditions she studied to those of her own culture\n C. employed a participative approach in performing research\n D. attached a high degree of political significance to her research\n E. had prior familiarity with the cultural practices of the peoples she set out to study\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Dunham's work in anthropology differed from that of most other anthropologists in the 1930s in that Dunham\n A. performed fieldwork for a very extended time period\n B. related the traditions she studied to those of her own culture\n C. employed a participative approach in performing research\n D. attached a high degree of political significance to her research\n E. had prior familiarity with the cultural practices of the peoples she set out to study\nAnswer:", "full_text": "One of the more striking developments in modem North American dance was African American choreographer Katherine Dunham's introduction of a technique known as dance-isolation, in which one part of the body moves in one rhythm while other parts are kept stationary or are moved in different rhythms. The incorporation of this technique into North American and European choreography is relatively recent, although various forms of the technique have long been essential to traditional dances of certain African, Caribbean, and Pacific-island cultures. Dunham's success in bringing dance-isolation and other traditional techniques from those cultures into the mainstream of modern North American dance is due in no small part to her training in both anthropological research and choreography.As an anthropologist in the 1930s, Dunham was one of the pioneers in the field of dance ethnology. Previously, dance had been neglected as an area of social research, primarily because most social scientists gravitated toward areas likely to be recognized by their peers as befitting scientifically rigorous, and therefore legitimate, modes of inquiry. Moreover, no other social scientist at that time was sufficiently trained in dance to be able to understand dance techniques, while experts in dance were not trained in the methods of social research. Starting in 1935, Dunham conducted a series of research projects into traditional Caribbean dance forms, with special interest in their origins in African culture. Especially critical to her success was her approach to research, which diverged radically from the methodology that prevailed at the time. Colleagues in anthropology advised her not to become too closely involved in the dances she was observing, both because of the extreme physical demands of the dances, and because they subscribed to the long-standing view, now fortunately recognized as unrealistic, that effective data gathering can and must be conducted from a position of complete detachment. But because of her interest and her skill as a performer, she generally eschewed such caution and participated in the dances herself. Through prolonged immersion of this kind, Dunham was able not only to comprehend various dances as complex cultural practices, but also to learn the techniques well enough to teach them to others and incorporate them into new forms of ballet. Between 1937 and 1945, Dunham developed a research-to-performance method that she used to adapt Caribbean dance forms for use in theatrical performance, combining them with modern dance styles she learned in Chicago. The ballets she created in this fashion were among the first North American dances to rectify the exclusion of African American themes from the medium of modern dance. Her work was thus crucial in establishing African American dance as an art form in its own right, making possible future companies such as Arthur Mitchell's Dance Theater of Harlem.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Dunham's work in anthropology differed from that of most other anthropologists in the 1930s in that Dunham\n A. performed fieldwork for a very extended time period\n B. related the traditions she studied to those of her own culture\n C. employed a participative approach in performing research\n D. attached a high degree of political significance to her research\n E. had prior familiarity with the cultural practices of the peoples she set out to study\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 37, "query": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following would be an example of pop art that is most in keeping with the spirit of Lichtenstein's work?\n A. a painting that uses realistic techniques to represent several simple objects arranged on a table\n B. a painting that parodies human figures by depicting them as stick figures\n C. a painting that conveys its creator's inner turmoil through the use of bold lines and primary colors\n D. a painting that employs vague shapes and images to make a statement about consumer culture\n E. a painting that depicts products as they appear in magazine advertisements to comment on society's values\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following would be an example of pop art that is most in keeping with the spirit of Lichtenstein's work?\n A. a painting that uses realistic techniques to represent several simple objects arranged on a table\n B. a painting that parodies human figures by depicting them as stick figures\n C. a painting that conveys its creator's inner turmoil through the use of bold lines and primary colors\n D. a painting that employs vague shapes and images to make a statement about consumer culture\n E. a painting that depicts products as they appear in magazine advertisements to comment on society's values\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following would be an example of pop art that is most in keeping with the spirit of Lichtenstein's work?\n A. a painting that uses realistic techniques to represent several simple objects arranged on a table\n B. a painting that parodies human figures by depicting them as stick figures\n C. a painting that conveys its creator's inner turmoil through the use of bold lines and primary colors\n D. a painting that employs vague shapes and images to make a statement about consumer culture\n E. a painting that depicts products as they appear in magazine advertisements to comment on society's values\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The painter Roy Lichtenstein helped to define pop art\u2014the movement that incorporated commonplace objects and commercial-art techniques into paintings\u2014 by paraphrasing the style of comic books in his work. His merger of a popular genre with the forms and intentions of fine art generated a complex result: while poking fun at the pretensions of the art world, Lichtenstein's work also managed to convey a seriousness of theme that enabled it to transcend mere parody. That Lichtenstein's images were fine art was at first difficult to see, because, with their word balloons and highly stylized figures, they looked like nothing more than the comic book panels from which they were copied. Standard art history holds that pop art emerged as an impersonal alternative to the histrionics of abstract expressionism, a movement in which painters conveyed their private attitudes and emotions using nonrepresentational techniques. The truth is that by the time pop art first appeared in the early 1960s, abstract expressionism had already lost much of its force. Pop art painters weren't quarreling with the powerful early abstract expressionist work of the late 1940s but with a second generation of abstract expressionists whose work seemed airy, high-minded, and overly lyrical. Pop art paintings were full of simple black lines and large areas of primary color. Lichtenstein's work was part of a general rebellion against the fading emotional power of abstract expressionism, rather than an aloof attempt to ignore it. But if rebellion against previous art by means of the careful imitation of a popular genre were all that characterized Lichtenstein's work, it would possess only the reflective power that parodies have in relation to their subjects. Beneath its cartoonish methods, his work displayed an impulse toward realism, an urge to say that what was missing from contemporary painting was the depiction of contemporary life. The stilted romances and war stories portrayed in the comic books on which he based his canvases, the stylized automobiles, hot dogs, and table lamps that appeared in his pictures, were reflections of the culture Lichtenstein inhabited. But, in contrast to some pop art, Lichtenstein's work exuded not a jaded cynicism about consumer culture, but a kind of deliberate naivete, intended as a response to the excess of sophistication he observed not only in the later abstract expressionists but in some other pop artists. With the comics\u2014 typically the domain of youth and innocence\u2014as his reference point, a nostalgia fills his paintings that gives them, for all their surface bravado, an inner sweetness. His persistent use of comic-art conventions demonstrates a faith in reconciliation, not only between cartoons and fine art, but between parody and true feeling.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which one of the following would be an example of pop art that is most in keeping with the spirit of Lichtenstein's work?\n A. a painting that uses realistic techniques to represent several simple objects arranged on a table\n B. a painting that parodies human figures by depicting them as stick figures\n C. a painting that conveys its creator's inner turmoil through the use of bold lines and primary colors\n D. a painting that employs vague shapes and images to make a statement about consumer culture\n E. a painting that depicts products as they appear in magazine advertisements to comment on society's values\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 170, "query": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that which one of the following is an example of stealing thunder?\n A. warning jurors that a client on the opposing side has a serious conflict of interest and cannot be trusted\n B. disclosing in opening statements of a defense against copyright infringement that one's client has in the past been guilty of plagiarism\n C. responding to the opposition's revelation that one's client has a minor criminal background by conceding that this is the case\n D. pointing out to jurors during opening statements the mistaken reasoning in the opposition's case\n E. stressing that one's client, while technically guilty, is believable and that mitigating circumstances should be considered\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that which one of the following is an example of stealing thunder?\n A. warning jurors that a client on the opposing side has a serious conflict of interest and cannot be trusted\n B. disclosing in opening statements of a defense against copyright infringement that one's client has in the past been guilty of plagiarism\n C. responding to the opposition's revelation that one's client has a minor criminal background by conceding that this is the case\n D. pointing out to jurors during opening statements the mistaken reasoning in the opposition's case\n E. stressing that one's client, while technically guilty, is believable and that mitigating circumstances should be considered\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that which one of the following is an example of stealing thunder?\n A. warning jurors that a client on the opposing side has a serious conflict of interest and cannot be trusted\n B. disclosing in opening statements of a defense against copyright infringement that one's client has in the past been guilty of plagiarism\n C. responding to the opposition's revelation that one's client has a minor criminal background by conceding that this is the case\n D. pointing out to jurors during opening statements the mistaken reasoning in the opposition's case\n E. stressing that one's client, while technically guilty, is believable and that mitigating circumstances should be considered\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: It can be most reasonably inferred from the passage that which one of the following is an example of stealing thunder?\n A. warning jurors that a client on the opposing side has a serious conflict of interest and cannot be trusted\n B. disclosing in opening statements of a defense against copyright infringement that one's client has in the past been guilty of plagiarism\n C. responding to the opposition's revelation that one's client has a minor criminal background by conceding that this is the case\n D. pointing out to jurors during opening statements the mistaken reasoning in the opposition's case\n E. stressing that one's client, while technically guilty, is believable and that mitigating circumstances should be considered\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:170"}
{"index": 70, "query": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: Which one of the following assertions from passage A most clearly exemplifies what the author of passage B means in calling evolutionary psychology a \"conspiracy theory\" (lines 35\u201336)?\n A. Evolutionary psychologists seek to examine human behavior from the point of view of the theory of evolution.\n B. Altruism presents a difficult problem for evolutionary psychology.\n C. An altruistic individual uses valuable resources to promote the well-being of another individual.\n D. Genes may promote their self-propagation through actions that appear unselfish.\n E. Early humans lived in small, kin-based groups.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: Which one of the following assertions from passage A most clearly exemplifies what the author of passage B means in calling evolutionary psychology a \"conspiracy theory\" (lines 35\u201336)?\n A. Evolutionary psychologists seek to examine human behavior from the point of view of the theory of evolution.\n B. Altruism presents a difficult problem for evolutionary psychology.\n C. An altruistic individual uses valuable resources to promote the well-being of another individual.\n D. Genes may promote their self-propagation through actions that appear unselfish.\n E. Early humans lived in small, kin-based groups.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: Which one of the following assertions from passage A most clearly exemplifies what the author of passage B means in calling evolutionary psychology a \"conspiracy theory\" (lines 35\u201336)?\n A. Evolutionary psychologists seek to examine human behavior from the point of view of the theory of evolution.\n B. Altruism presents a difficult problem for evolutionary psychology.\n C. An altruistic individual uses valuable resources to promote the well-being of another individual.\n D. Genes may promote their self-propagation through actions that appear unselfish.\n E. Early humans lived in small, kin-based groups.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage AEvolutionary psychology has taught us to examine human behavior from the standpoint of the theory of evolution\u2014to explain a given type of human behavior by examining how it contributes to the reproductive success of individuals exhibiting the behavior, and thereby to the proliferation of the genetic material responsible for causing that behavior. From an evolutionary standpoint, the problem of altruism is a thorny one: what accounts for the evolution of behavior in which an individual expends energy or other valuable resources promoting the welfare of another individual? The answer probably lies in the psychological experiences of identification and empathy. Such experiences could have initially arisen in response to cues (like physical resemblance) that indicated the presence of shared genetic material in human ancestors. The psychological states provoked by these cues could have increased the chances of related individuals' receiving assistance, thereby enhancing the survival and replication of genes influencing the capacity for identification and empathy. This would account, for example, for a mother's rushing to help her injured child; genes promoting their own self-propagation may thus operate through instinctive actions that appear unselfish. Since human ancestors lived in small, kin-based groups, the application of altruistic mechanisms to the entire group would have promoted the propagation of the genes responsible for those mechanisms. Later, these mechanisms may have come to apply to humans who are not kin when communities grew larger. In this way, apparently altruistic mechanisms may have arisen within a genetically \"selfish\" system. Passage B Evolutionary psychology is a kind of conspiracy theory; that is, it explains behavior by imputing an interest (the proliferation of genes) that the agent of the behavior does not openly acknowledge, or indeed, is not even aware of. Thus, what seemed to be your unsurprising interest in your child's well-being turns out to be your genes' conspiracy to propagate themselves. Such arguments can appear persuasive on the face of it. According to some evolutionary psychologists, an interest in the proliferation of genes explains monogamous families in animals whose offspring mature slowly. Human offspring mature slowly; and, at least in numerical terms, our species favors monogamous families. Evolutionary psychologists take this as evidence that humans form monogamous families because of our interest in propagating our genes. Are they right? Maybe yes, maybe no; this kind of inference needs to be handled with great care. There are, most often, all sorts of interests that would explain any given behavior. What is needed to make it decisive that a particular interest explains a particular behavior is that the behavior would be reasonable only if one had that interest. But such cases are vanishingly rare: an interest in Y might explain doing X, but so too would an interest in doing X. A concern to propagate one's genes would explain promoting the welfare of one's children; but so too would an interest in the welfare of one's children. Not all of one's motives can be instrumental, after all; there must be some things that one cares for just for their own sakes.\nQuestion: Which one of the following assertions from passage A most clearly exemplifies what the author of passage B means in calling evolutionary psychology a \"conspiracy theory\" (lines 35\u201336)?\n A. Evolutionary psychologists seek to examine human behavior from the point of view of the theory of evolution.\n B. Altruism presents a difficult problem for evolutionary psychology.\n C. An altruistic individual uses valuable resources to promote the well-being of another individual.\n D. Genes may promote their self-propagation through actions that appear unselfish.\n E. Early humans lived in small, kin-based groups.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:70"}
{"index": 184, "query": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Garcia assumes which one of the following to have been true of Mexican Americans between 1930 and I960?\n A. Increased ethnic consciousness among Mexican Americans accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n B. Increased familiarity among Mexican Americans with United States culture accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n C. The assimilation of many Mexican Americans into United States culture accounted for Mexican Americans' lack of interest in political activity.\n D. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political militancy as a means of achieving full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent.\n E. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political protest by their experience of discrimination and the patronizing rhetoric of World War II slogans.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Garcia assumes which one of the following to have been true of Mexican Americans between 1930 and I960?\n A. Increased ethnic consciousness among Mexican Americans accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n B. Increased familiarity among Mexican Americans with United States culture accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n C. The assimilation of many Mexican Americans into United States culture accounted for Mexican Americans' lack of interest in political activity.\n D. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political militancy as a means of achieving full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent.\n E. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political protest by their experience of discrimination and the patronizing rhetoric of World War II slogans.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Garcia assumes which one of the following to have been true of Mexican Americans between 1930 and I960?\n A. Increased ethnic consciousness among Mexican Americans accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n B. Increased familiarity among Mexican Americans with United States culture accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n C. The assimilation of many Mexican Americans into United States culture accounted for Mexican Americans' lack of interest in political activity.\n D. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political militancy as a means of achieving full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent.\n E. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political protest by their experience of discrimination and the patronizing rhetoric of World War II slogans.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a recent study, Mario Garcia argues that in the United States between 1930 and I960 the group of political activists he calls the \"Mexican American Generation\" was more radical and politically diverse than earlier historians have recognized. Through analysis of the work of some of the era's most important scholars, Garcia does provide persuasive evidence that in the 1930s and 1940s these activists anticipated many of the reforms proposed by the more militant Chicanos of the 1960s and 1970s. His study, however, suffers from two flaws.First, Garcia's analysis of the evidence he provides to demonstrate the Mexican American Generation's political diversity is not entirely consistent. Indeed, he undermines his primary thesis by emphasizing an underlying consensus among various groups that tends to conceal the full significance of their differences. Groups such as the League of United Latin American Citizens, an organization that encouraged Mexican Americans to pursue a civil rights strategy of assimilation into the United States political and cultural mainstream, were often diametrically opposed to organizations such as the Congress of Spanish-Speaking People, a coalition group that advocated bilingual education and equal rights for resident aliens in the United States. Garcia acknowledges these differences but dismisses them as insignificant, given that the goals of groups as disparate as these centered on liberal reform, not revolution. But one need only note the fierce controversies that occurred during the period over United States immigration policies and the question of assimilation versus cultural maintenance to recognize that Mexican American political history since 1930 has been characterized not by consensus but by intense and lively debate.Second, Garcia may be exaggerating the degree to which the views of these activists were representative of the ethnic Mexican population residing in the United States during this period. Noting that by 1930 the proportion of the Mexican American population that had been born in the United States had significantly increased, Garcia argues that between 1930 and 1960 a new generation of Mexican American leaders appeared, one that was more acculturated and hence more politically active than its predecessor. Influenced by their experience of discrimination and by the inclusive rhetoric of World War II slogans, these leaders, according to Garcia, were determined to achieve full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent. However, it is not clear how far this outlook extended beyond these activists. Without a better understanding of the political implications of important variables such as patterns of and rates of Mexican immigration and naturalization, and the variations in ethnic consciousness these variables help to create, one cannot assume that an increase in the proportion of Mexican Americans born in the United States necessarily resulted in an increase in the ethnic Mexican population's political activism.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that Garcia assumes which one of the following to have been true of Mexican Americans between 1930 and I960?\n A. Increased ethnic consciousness among Mexican Americans accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n B. Increased familiarity among Mexican Americans with United States culture accounted for an increase in political activity among them.\n C. The assimilation of many Mexican Americans into United States culture accounted for Mexican Americans' lack of interest in political activity.\n D. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political militancy as a means of achieving full civil rights for all United States residents of Mexican descent.\n E. Many Mexican Americans were moved to political protest by their experience of discrimination and the patronizing rhetoric of World War II slogans.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:184"}
{"index": 171, "query": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the author mention as a factor that in some instances probably contributes to the success of stealing thunder?\n A. careful timing of the thunder-stealing message to precede the opposition's similar message by only a short time\n B. some lawyers' superior skill in assessing jurors' probable reactions to a message\n C. the willingness of some lawyers' clients to testify in person about their own past mistakes\n D. jurors' desire to arrive at a firm view regarding the case they are hearing\n E. lawyers' careful screening of prospective jurors prior to the beginning of courtroom proceedings\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the author mention as a factor that in some instances probably contributes to the success of stealing thunder?\n A. careful timing of the thunder-stealing message to precede the opposition's similar message by only a short time\n B. some lawyers' superior skill in assessing jurors' probable reactions to a message\n C. the willingness of some lawyers' clients to testify in person about their own past mistakes\n D. jurors' desire to arrive at a firm view regarding the case they are hearing\n E. lawyers' careful screening of prospective jurors prior to the beginning of courtroom proceedings\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the author mention as a factor that in some instances probably contributes to the success of stealing thunder?\n A. careful timing of the thunder-stealing message to precede the opposition's similar message by only a short time\n B. some lawyers' superior skill in assessing jurors' probable reactions to a message\n C. the willingness of some lawyers' clients to testify in person about their own past mistakes\n D. jurors' desire to arrive at a firm view regarding the case they are hearing\n E. lawyers' careful screening of prospective jurors prior to the beginning of courtroom proceedings\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\"Stealing thunder\" is a courtroom strategy that consists in a lawyer's revealing negative information about a client before that information is revealed or elicited by an opposing lawyer. While there is no point in revealing a weakness that is unknown to one's opponents or that would not be exploited by them, many lawyers believe that if the weakness is likely to be revealed in opposing testimony, it should be volunteered; otherwise, the hostile revelation would be more damaging.Although no empirical research has directly tested the effectiveness of stealing thunder in actual trials, studies involving simulated trial situations have suggested that the technique is, in fact, effective, at least within a reasonably broad range of applications. Lawyers' commonly held belief in the value of stealing thunder is not only corroborated by those experimental findings; it is also supported by several psychological explanations of why the technique should work. For one thing, volunteering damaging information early may create an image of credibility. Psychological research suggests that people who reveal information that appears to be against their own best interest are likely to be perceived as more credible and thus may be more persuasive. Stealing thunder may also provide juries with an impetus for critical assessment by previewing, and thus alerting them to, testimony that the opposition plans to present. In psychological experiments, audiences that were previously warned of an upcoming attempt at persuasion became more resistant to the persuasive attempt, forming counterarguments based on the warning. Also, the value placed on a persuasive message is probably much like the value placed on any commodity; the scarcer the commodity, the more valuable it is. A persuasive message will thus increase in value and effectiveness to the extent that it is seen as scarce. In the courtroom, a piece of evidence brought by both the prosecution and the defense, as when thunder is stolen, may be seen as less scarce becoming \"old news.\" Thus, unless that evidence is of overriding consequence, it should carry less weight than if it had been included only in hostile testimony.Finally, stealing thunder may work because the lawyer can frame the evidence in his or her own terms and downplay its significance, just as politicians sometimes seek to put their \"spin\" on potentially damaging information. However, it may therefore be effective only when the negative information can be framed positively. Jurors, who often initially have little information about a case, are usually eager to solidify their position regarding the case. They can therefore be expected to use the early positive framing to guide their subsequent analysis of the trial information. But this also suggests limitations on the use of the technique: when information is very damaging, stealing thunder may create an early negative impression that forms a cognitive framework for jurors, who then filter subsequent information through this schema.\nQuestion: Which one of the following does the author mention as a factor that in some instances probably contributes to the success of stealing thunder?\n A. careful timing of the thunder-stealing message to precede the opposition's similar message by only a short time\n B. some lawyers' superior skill in assessing jurors' probable reactions to a message\n C. the willingness of some lawyers' clients to testify in person about their own past mistakes\n D. jurors' desire to arrive at a firm view regarding the case they are hearing\n E. lawyers' careful screening of prospective jurors prior to the beginning of courtroom proceedings\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_lsat-rc::retrieval:171"}
{"index": 571, "query": "Since the cancellation of mandatory pre-marriage inspections in City B in 2003, the pre-marriage inspection rate in the city has dropped from close to 100% 10 years ago to 7% in 2011, the lowest in the country.At the same time, the incidence of birth defects in the city has doubled.It can be seen that the abolition of the mandatory pre-marital inspection system has led to an increase in the rate of birth defects in newborns.\nQuestion: The answers to the following questions are relevant to the evaluation of the above argument, except\n A. Has the city's living environment (air and water quality, etc.) been damaged in the past decade?\n B. Have unhealthy lifestyles such as staying up late and online for a long time among the population of child-bearing age in this city increased significantly?\n C. Has women in this city delayed childbirth in the past decade, and has the proportion of older pregnant women increased significantly?\n D. Has the number of floating population in the city increased or decreased in the past decade?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Since the cancellation of mandatory pre-marriage inspections in City B in 2003, the pre-marriage inspection rate in the city has dropped from close to 100% 10 years ago to 7% in 2011, the lowest in the country.At the same time, the incidence of birth defects in the city has doubled.It can be seen that the abolition of the mandatory pre-marital inspection system has led to an increase in the rate of birth defects in newborns.\nQuestion: The answers to the following questions are relevant to the evaluation of the above argument, except\n A. Has the city's living environment (air and water quality, etc.) been damaged in the past decade?\n B. Have unhealthy lifestyles such as staying up late and online for a long time among the population of child-bearing age in this city increased significantly?\n C. Has women in this city delayed childbirth in the past decade, and has the proportion of older pregnant women increased significantly?\n D. Has the number of floating population in the city increased or decreased in the past decade?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Since the cancellation of mandatory pre-marriage inspections in City B in 2003, the pre-marriage inspection rate in the city has dropped from close to 100% 10 years ago to 7% in 2011, the lowest in the country.At the same time, the incidence of birth defects in the city has doubled.It can be seen that the abolition of the mandatory pre-marital inspection system has led to an increase in the rate of birth defects in newborns.\nQuestion: The answers to the following questions are relevant to the evaluation of the above argument, except\n A. Has the city's living environment (air and water quality, etc.) been damaged in the past decade?\n B. Have unhealthy lifestyles such as staying up late and online for a long time among the population of child-bearing age in this city increased significantly?\n C. Has women in this city delayed childbirth in the past decade, and has the proportion of older pregnant women increased significantly?\n D. Has the number of floating population in the city increased or decreased in the past decade?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Since the cancellation of mandatory pre-marriage inspections in City B in 2003, the pre-marriage inspection rate in the city has dropped from close to 100% 10 years ago to 7% in 2011, the lowest in the country.At the same time, the incidence of birth defects in the city has doubled.It can be seen that the abolition of the mandatory pre-marital inspection system has led to an increase in the rate of birth defects in newborns.\nQuestion: The answers to the following questions are relevant to the evaluation of the above argument, except\n A. Has the city's living environment (air and water quality, etc.) been damaged in the past decade?\n B. Have unhealthy lifestyles such as staying up late and online for a long time among the population of child-bearing age in this city increased significantly?\n C. Has women in this city delayed childbirth in the past decade, and has the proportion of older pregnant women increased significantly?\n D. Has the number of floating population in the city increased or decreased in the past decade?\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:571"}
{"index": 84, "query": "The Peace Foundation decided to suspend funding for S, on the grounds that such funding may be used in part for weapons research.In this regard, the S Institute promises? All the funding of the Peace Foundation will not be used for any weapon-related research.As a result, the Peace Foundation withdrew the above decision and reached a conclusion; as long as the S Institute kept its promise, the above funding of the Peace Foundation would no longer benefit weapons research.\nQuestion: Which of the following most appropriately summarizes the loopholes in the conclusions of the Peace Foundation?\n A. Ignore this possibility? S Institute does not keep its promises.\n B. Ignore this possibility? S Institute can use weapons from other sources for weapons research.\n C. Ignored this possibility? the funding of the Peace Foundation enabled S Research to have all the ability to switch other funds to weapons research.\n D. Ignore this possibility? weapons research does not necessarily endanger peace.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The Peace Foundation decided to suspend funding for S, on the grounds that such funding may be used in part for weapons research.In this regard, the S Institute promises? All the funding of the Peace Foundation will not be used for any weapon-related research.As a result, the Peace Foundation withdrew the above decision and reached a conclusion; as long as the S Institute kept its promise, the above funding of the Peace Foundation would no longer benefit weapons research.\nQuestion: Which of the following most appropriately summarizes the loopholes in the conclusions of the Peace Foundation?\n A. Ignore this possibility? S Institute does not keep its promises.\n B. Ignore this possibility? S Institute can use weapons from other sources for weapons research.\n C. Ignored this possibility? the funding of the Peace Foundation enabled S Research to have all the ability to switch other funds to weapons research.\n D. Ignore this possibility? weapons research does not necessarily endanger peace.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Peace Foundation decided to suspend funding for S, on the grounds that such funding may be used in part for weapons research.In this regard, the S Institute promises? All the funding of the Peace Foundation will not be used for any weapon-related research.As a result, the Peace Foundation withdrew the above decision and reached a conclusion; as long as the S Institute kept its promise, the above funding of the Peace Foundation would no longer benefit weapons research.\nQuestion: Which of the following most appropriately summarizes the loopholes in the conclusions of the Peace Foundation?\n A. Ignore this possibility? S Institute does not keep its promises.\n B. Ignore this possibility? S Institute can use weapons from other sources for weapons research.\n C. Ignored this possibility? the funding of the Peace Foundation enabled S Research to have all the ability to switch other funds to weapons research.\n D. Ignore this possibility? weapons research does not necessarily endanger peace.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Peace Foundation decided to suspend funding for S, on the grounds that such funding may be used in part for weapons research.In this regard, the S Institute promises? All the funding of the Peace Foundation will not be used for any weapon-related research.As a result, the Peace Foundation withdrew the above decision and reached a conclusion; as long as the S Institute kept its promise, the above funding of the Peace Foundation would no longer benefit weapons research.\nQuestion: Which of the following most appropriately summarizes the loopholes in the conclusions of the Peace Foundation?\n A. Ignore this possibility? S Institute does not keep its promises.\n B. Ignore this possibility? S Institute can use weapons from other sources for weapons research.\n C. Ignored this possibility? the funding of the Peace Foundation enabled S Research to have all the ability to switch other funds to weapons research.\n D. Ignore this possibility? weapons research does not necessarily endanger peace.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 489, "query": "In a cooking competition, the chef is required to make one hot dish and one cold dish, and the results are evaluated as \"top grade\", \"middle grade\", and \"bottom grade\".If each result of the chef is not lower than that of Chef B, and at least one item is higher than Chef B, it is said that \"Chef A is more skilled than Chef B\".There are a number of existing chefs, none of them is more skilled than the other, and no two people have the same hot dishes and cold dishes.\nQuestion: How many chefs can meet the above conditions?\n A. unconfirmed\n B. 9 people\n C. 6 people\n D. 3 people\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "In a cooking competition, the chef is required to make one hot dish and one cold dish, and the results are evaluated as \"top grade\", \"middle grade\", and \"bottom grade\".If each result of the chef is not lower than that of Chef B, and at least one item is higher than Chef B, it is said that \"Chef A is more skilled than Chef B\".There are a number of existing chefs, none of them is more skilled than the other, and no two people have the same hot dishes and cold dishes.\nQuestion: How many chefs can meet the above conditions?\n A. unconfirmed\n B. 9 people\n C. 6 people\n D. 3 people\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a cooking competition, the chef is required to make one hot dish and one cold dish, and the results are evaluated as \"top grade\", \"middle grade\", and \"bottom grade\".If each result of the chef is not lower than that of Chef B, and at least one item is higher than Chef B, it is said that \"Chef A is more skilled than Chef B\".There are a number of existing chefs, none of them is more skilled than the other, and no two people have the same hot dishes and cold dishes.\nQuestion: How many chefs can meet the above conditions?\n A. unconfirmed\n B. 9 people\n C. 6 people\n D. 3 people\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a cooking competition, the chef is required to make one hot dish and one cold dish, and the results are evaluated as \"top grade\", \"middle grade\", and \"bottom grade\".If each result of the chef is not lower than that of Chef B, and at least one item is higher than Chef B, it is said that \"Chef A is more skilled than Chef B\".There are a number of existing chefs, none of them is more skilled than the other, and no two people have the same hot dishes and cold dishes.\nQuestion: How many chefs can meet the above conditions?\n A. unconfirmed\n B. 9 people\n C. 6 people\n D. 3 people\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:489"}
{"index": 177, "query": "There is a psychological theory that to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with another.However, the greatest philosophers in the world spent most of their lives in isolation, and had no intimate relationships.Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be assumed in the above conclusion?\n A. The greatest philosophers in the world prefer to avoid intimate relationships.\n B. People with intimate relationships rarely spend their time alone.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for philosophers to meditate.\n D. The greatest philosophers in the world are happy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "There is a psychological theory that to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with another.However, the greatest philosophers in the world spent most of their lives in isolation, and had no intimate relationships.Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be assumed in the above conclusion?\n A. The greatest philosophers in the world prefer to avoid intimate relationships.\n B. People with intimate relationships rarely spend their time alone.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for philosophers to meditate.\n D. The greatest philosophers in the world are happy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There is a psychological theory that to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with another.However, the greatest philosophers in the world spent most of their lives in isolation, and had no intimate relationships.Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be assumed in the above conclusion?\n A. The greatest philosophers in the world prefer to avoid intimate relationships.\n B. People with intimate relationships rarely spend their time alone.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for philosophers to meditate.\n D. The greatest philosophers in the world are happy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There is a psychological theory that to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with another.However, the greatest philosophers in the world spent most of their lives in isolation, and had no intimate relationships.Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be assumed in the above conclusion?\n A. The greatest philosophers in the world prefer to avoid intimate relationships.\n B. People with intimate relationships rarely spend their time alone.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for philosophers to meditate.\n D. The greatest philosophers in the world are happy.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:177"}
{"index": 541, "query": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following can accurately mark the goods stored in warehouses 1 to 3?\n A. F, M, T\n B. G, M, F\n C. M, L, F\n D. M, T, F\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following can accurately mark the goods stored in warehouses 1 to 3?\n A. F, M, T\n B. G, M, F\n C. M, L, F\n D. M, T, F\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following can accurately mark the goods stored in warehouses 1 to 3?\n A. F, M, T\n B. G, M, F\n C. M, L, F\n D. M, T, F\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following can accurately mark the goods stored in warehouses 1 to 3?\n A. F, M, T\n B. G, M, F\n C. M, L, F\n D. M, T, F\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:541"}
{"index": 0, "query": "In the planning of a new district in a township, it was decided to build a special community in the southeast, northwest, centered on the citizen park.These four communities are designated as cultural area, leisure area, commercial area and administrative service area.It is known that the administrative service area is southwest of the cultural area, and the cultural area is southeast of the leisure area.\nQuestion: Based on the above statement, which of the following can be derived?\n A. Civic Park is north of the administrative service area\n B. The leisure area is southwest of the cultural area\n C. The cultural district is in the northeast of the business district\n D. The business district is southeast of the leisure area\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In the planning of a new district in a township, it was decided to build a special community in the southeast, northwest, centered on the citizen park.These four communities are designated as cultural area, leisure area, commercial area and administrative service area.It is known that the administrative service area is southwest of the cultural area, and the cultural area is southeast of the leisure area.\nQuestion: Based on the above statement, which of the following can be derived?\n A. Civic Park is north of the administrative service area\n B. The leisure area is southwest of the cultural area\n C. The cultural district is in the northeast of the business district\n D. The business district is southeast of the leisure area\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In the planning of a new district in a township, it was decided to build a special community in the southeast, northwest, centered on the citizen park.These four communities are designated as cultural area, leisure area, commercial area and administrative service area.It is known that the administrative service area is southwest of the cultural area, and the cultural area is southeast of the leisure area.\nQuestion: Based on the above statement, which of the following can be derived?\n A. Civic Park is north of the administrative service area\n B. The leisure area is southwest of the cultural area\n C. The cultural district is in the northeast of the business district\n D. The business district is southeast of the leisure area\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In the planning of a new district in a township, it was decided to build a special community in the southeast, northwest, centered on the citizen park.These four communities are designated as cultural area, leisure area, commercial area and administrative service area.It is known that the administrative service area is southwest of the cultural area, and the cultural area is southeast of the leisure area.\nQuestion: Based on the above statement, which of the following can be derived?\n A. Civic Park is north of the administrative service area\n B. The leisure area is southwest of the cultural area\n C. The cultural district is in the northeast of the business district\n D. The business district is southeast of the leisure area\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 380, "query": "The researchers divided the subjects into two groups? Group A did their own things for ten minutes but did not engage in things that would lead to lying; Group B was asked to steal test papers and lied during the test.After that, the researchers asked the subjects to put on special electrodes to record the blink frequency of the interrogation.It was found that the blinking frequency of group A increased slightly, but the blinking frequency of group B decreased first, and then increased significantly to 8 times the normal frequency.It can be seen from this? by observing a person's blink frequency, it can be judged whether he is lying.\nQuestion: The answer to which of the following questions would hardly question the conclusion of this study?\n A. Are there significant differences in the psychological qualities of the subjects in groups A and B?\n B. The subjects in group B were told to tell lies, rather than telling lies themselves.Is the correlation between telling lies and blinking reliable?\n C. Are there any abnormalities in the equipment used in groups A and B?\n D. Will telling lies cause a rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The researchers divided the subjects into two groups? Group A did their own things for ten minutes but did not engage in things that would lead to lying; Group B was asked to steal test papers and lied during the test.After that, the researchers asked the subjects to put on special electrodes to record the blink frequency of the interrogation.It was found that the blinking frequency of group A increased slightly, but the blinking frequency of group B decreased first, and then increased significantly to 8 times the normal frequency.It can be seen from this? by observing a person's blink frequency, it can be judged whether he is lying.\nQuestion: The answer to which of the following questions would hardly question the conclusion of this study?\n A. Are there significant differences in the psychological qualities of the subjects in groups A and B?\n B. The subjects in group B were told to tell lies, rather than telling lies themselves.Is the correlation between telling lies and blinking reliable?\n C. Are there any abnormalities in the equipment used in groups A and B?\n D. Will telling lies cause a rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The researchers divided the subjects into two groups? Group A did their own things for ten minutes but did not engage in things that would lead to lying; Group B was asked to steal test papers and lied during the test.After that, the researchers asked the subjects to put on special electrodes to record the blink frequency of the interrogation.It was found that the blinking frequency of group A increased slightly, but the blinking frequency of group B decreased first, and then increased significantly to 8 times the normal frequency.It can be seen from this? by observing a person's blink frequency, it can be judged whether he is lying.\nQuestion: The answer to which of the following questions would hardly question the conclusion of this study?\n A. Are there significant differences in the psychological qualities of the subjects in groups A and B?\n B. The subjects in group B were told to tell lies, rather than telling lies themselves.Is the correlation between telling lies and blinking reliable?\n C. Are there any abnormalities in the equipment used in groups A and B?\n D. Will telling lies cause a rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The researchers divided the subjects into two groups? Group A did their own things for ten minutes but did not engage in things that would lead to lying; Group B was asked to steal test papers and lied during the test.After that, the researchers asked the subjects to put on special electrodes to record the blink frequency of the interrogation.It was found that the blinking frequency of group A increased slightly, but the blinking frequency of group B decreased first, and then increased significantly to 8 times the normal frequency.It can be seen from this? by observing a person's blink frequency, it can be judged whether he is lying.\nQuestion: The answer to which of the following questions would hardly question the conclusion of this study?\n A. Are there significant differences in the psychological qualities of the subjects in groups A and B?\n B. The subjects in group B were told to tell lies, rather than telling lies themselves.Is the correlation between telling lies and blinking reliable?\n C. Are there any abnormalities in the equipment used in groups A and B?\n D. Will telling lies cause a rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure?\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:380"}
{"index": 384, "query": "The traditional view is that most of the methane that causes the greenhouse effect comes from wetlands and the digestive tract of ruminants.It is not known that green plants that can absorb carbon dioxide also release methane.Scientists have discovered a surprising result? the annual methane emissions from green plants worldwide are between 60 million and 240 million tons, accounting for 10% to 40% of the global annual methane emissions, and about 2/3 of them come from tropical regions rich in vegetation.\nQuestion: The following statements, except which one, can support the scientist's point of view?\n A. If you do not consider green plants, after excluding all other factors, there are still a lot of sources of methane in the world that cannot be explained.\n B. German scientists observed methane clouds appearing over tropical rain forests through satellites.This phenomenon cannot be explained by known global sources of methane.\n C. American chemists analyzed air samples taken from the savanna of Venezuela and concluded that the amount of methane released by vegetation in the area is between 30 million and 60 million tons.\n D. Some scientists emphasized that the recent increase in methane content and global warming have nothing to do with forests, and plants are innocent.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The traditional view is that most of the methane that causes the greenhouse effect comes from wetlands and the digestive tract of ruminants.It is not known that green plants that can absorb carbon dioxide also release methane.Scientists have discovered a surprising result? the annual methane emissions from green plants worldwide are between 60 million and 240 million tons, accounting for 10% to 40% of the global annual methane emissions, and about 2/3 of them come from tropical regions rich in vegetation.\nQuestion: The following statements, except which one, can support the scientist's point of view?\n A. If you do not consider green plants, after excluding all other factors, there are still a lot of sources of methane in the world that cannot be explained.\n B. German scientists observed methane clouds appearing over tropical rain forests through satellites.This phenomenon cannot be explained by known global sources of methane.\n C. American chemists analyzed air samples taken from the savanna of Venezuela and concluded that the amount of methane released by vegetation in the area is between 30 million and 60 million tons.\n D. Some scientists emphasized that the recent increase in methane content and global warming have nothing to do with forests, and plants are innocent.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The traditional view is that most of the methane that causes the greenhouse effect comes from wetlands and the digestive tract of ruminants.It is not known that green plants that can absorb carbon dioxide also release methane.Scientists have discovered a surprising result? the annual methane emissions from green plants worldwide are between 60 million and 240 million tons, accounting for 10% to 40% of the global annual methane emissions, and about 2/3 of them come from tropical regions rich in vegetation.\nQuestion: The following statements, except which one, can support the scientist's point of view?\n A. If you do not consider green plants, after excluding all other factors, there are still a lot of sources of methane in the world that cannot be explained.\n B. German scientists observed methane clouds appearing over tropical rain forests through satellites.This phenomenon cannot be explained by known global sources of methane.\n C. American chemists analyzed air samples taken from the savanna of Venezuela and concluded that the amount of methane released by vegetation in the area is between 30 million and 60 million tons.\n D. Some scientists emphasized that the recent increase in methane content and global warming have nothing to do with forests, and plants are innocent.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The traditional view is that most of the methane that causes the greenhouse effect comes from wetlands and the digestive tract of ruminants.It is not known that green plants that can absorb carbon dioxide also release methane.Scientists have discovered a surprising result? the annual methane emissions from green plants worldwide are between 60 million and 240 million tons, accounting for 10% to 40% of the global annual methane emissions, and about 2/3 of them come from tropical regions rich in vegetation.\nQuestion: The following statements, except which one, can support the scientist's point of view?\n A. If you do not consider green plants, after excluding all other factors, there are still a lot of sources of methane in the world that cannot be explained.\n B. German scientists observed methane clouds appearing over tropical rain forests through satellites.This phenomenon cannot be explained by known global sources of methane.\n C. American chemists analyzed air samples taken from the savanna of Venezuela and concluded that the amount of methane released by vegetation in the area is between 30 million and 60 million tons.\n D. Some scientists emphasized that the recent increase in methane content and global warming have nothing to do with forests, and plants are innocent.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:384"}
{"index": 583, "query": "This year, Taifeng, a subsidiary of Huatai Group, set a new annual sales record.This is quite surprising, because Taifeng's potential market is the smallest, and it has always been the lowest sales department of all Huatai Group's subsidiaries.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements points out the problems in the above discussion?\n A. Since Taifeng has the smallest potential market, it is not surprising that it is the lowest sales department of Huatai Group.\n B. If the total sales of Huatai Group increased this year, it is not surprising that the sales of Taifeng Company increased.\n C. Whether the sales of each branch company sets an annual sales record is only the result of the company's self-comparison, and does not need to be compared with other branch companies.\n D. If the other subsidiaries of the group have created annual sales records, it is not surprising that Taifeng has set a new annual sales record.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "This year, Taifeng, a subsidiary of Huatai Group, set a new annual sales record.This is quite surprising, because Taifeng's potential market is the smallest, and it has always been the lowest sales department of all Huatai Group's subsidiaries.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements points out the problems in the above discussion?\n A. Since Taifeng has the smallest potential market, it is not surprising that it is the lowest sales department of Huatai Group.\n B. If the total sales of Huatai Group increased this year, it is not surprising that the sales of Taifeng Company increased.\n C. Whether the sales of each branch company sets an annual sales record is only the result of the company's self-comparison, and does not need to be compared with other branch companies.\n D. If the other subsidiaries of the group have created annual sales records, it is not surprising that Taifeng has set a new annual sales record.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "This year, Taifeng, a subsidiary of Huatai Group, set a new annual sales record.This is quite surprising, because Taifeng's potential market is the smallest, and it has always been the lowest sales department of all Huatai Group's subsidiaries.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements points out the problems in the above discussion?\n A. Since Taifeng has the smallest potential market, it is not surprising that it is the lowest sales department of Huatai Group.\n B. If the total sales of Huatai Group increased this year, it is not surprising that the sales of Taifeng Company increased.\n C. Whether the sales of each branch company sets an annual sales record is only the result of the company's self-comparison, and does not need to be compared with other branch companies.\n D. If the other subsidiaries of the group have created annual sales records, it is not surprising that Taifeng has set a new annual sales record.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "This year, Taifeng, a subsidiary of Huatai Group, set a new annual sales record.This is quite surprising, because Taifeng's potential market is the smallest, and it has always been the lowest sales department of all Huatai Group's subsidiaries.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements points out the problems in the above discussion?\n A. Since Taifeng has the smallest potential market, it is not surprising that it is the lowest sales department of Huatai Group.\n B. If the total sales of Huatai Group increased this year, it is not surprising that the sales of Taifeng Company increased.\n C. Whether the sales of each branch company sets an annual sales record is only the result of the company's self-comparison, and does not need to be compared with other branch companies.\n D. If the other subsidiaries of the group have created annual sales records, it is not surprising that Taifeng has set a new annual sales record.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:583"}
{"index": 237, "query": "The grace of today \u2019s Paris is as beautiful as ever, because the German commander who occupied him decided to disobey when he received Hitler \u2019s order to \u201ccompletely destroy Paris before retreating,\u201d and saved an ancient city at the expense of his life.When Liang Shuming's shells of Japanese military aircraft exploded beside him, he was quietly sitting in the garden, continuing to study, thinking about the issues of culture and education in the East and West-insisting on \"value\" and \"order\", and destroying this \"value\" \"Order\" is resistant to culture.\nQuestion: Which of the following cannot be derived from the meaning of the title?\n A. Being able to read literately does not mean being literate.\n B. Having extensive knowledge does not mean literacy.\n C. Culture means doing something, not doing something? a little intolerable thought is the root of living creatures; a period of inaction is a pillar of support.\n D. Culture is a sign that different people of different nationalities distinguish each other.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The grace of today \u2019s Paris is as beautiful as ever, because the German commander who occupied him decided to disobey when he received Hitler \u2019s order to \u201ccompletely destroy Paris before retreating,\u201d and saved an ancient city at the expense of his life.When Liang Shuming's shells of Japanese military aircraft exploded beside him, he was quietly sitting in the garden, continuing to study, thinking about the issues of culture and education in the East and West-insisting on \"value\" and \"order\", and destroying this \"value\" \"Order\" is resistant to culture.\nQuestion: Which of the following cannot be derived from the meaning of the title?\n A. Being able to read literately does not mean being literate.\n B. Having extensive knowledge does not mean literacy.\n C. Culture means doing something, not doing something? a little intolerable thought is the root of living creatures; a period of inaction is a pillar of support.\n D. Culture is a sign that different people of different nationalities distinguish each other.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The grace of today \u2019s Paris is as beautiful as ever, because the German commander who occupied him decided to disobey when he received Hitler \u2019s order to \u201ccompletely destroy Paris before retreating,\u201d and saved an ancient city at the expense of his life.When Liang Shuming's shells of Japanese military aircraft exploded beside him, he was quietly sitting in the garden, continuing to study, thinking about the issues of culture and education in the East and West-insisting on \"value\" and \"order\", and destroying this \"value\" \"Order\" is resistant to culture.\nQuestion: Which of the following cannot be derived from the meaning of the title?\n A. Being able to read literately does not mean being literate.\n B. Having extensive knowledge does not mean literacy.\n C. Culture means doing something, not doing something? a little intolerable thought is the root of living creatures; a period of inaction is a pillar of support.\n D. Culture is a sign that different people of different nationalities distinguish each other.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The grace of today \u2019s Paris is as beautiful as ever, because the German commander who occupied him decided to disobey when he received Hitler \u2019s order to \u201ccompletely destroy Paris before retreating,\u201d and saved an ancient city at the expense of his life.When Liang Shuming's shells of Japanese military aircraft exploded beside him, he was quietly sitting in the garden, continuing to study, thinking about the issues of culture and education in the East and West-insisting on \"value\" and \"order\", and destroying this \"value\" \"Order\" is resistant to culture.\nQuestion: Which of the following cannot be derived from the meaning of the title?\n A. Being able to read literately does not mean being literate.\n B. Having extensive knowledge does not mean literacy.\n C. Culture means doing something, not doing something? a little intolerable thought is the root of living creatures; a period of inaction is a pillar of support.\n D. Culture is a sign that different people of different nationalities distinguish each other.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:237"}
{"index": 67, "query": "Five graduate students Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu graduated from a linguistics major in a college of arts of a university in 2014, and were hired by one of the three employers, Tianshu, Tianji, and Tianxuan, and at least one of them was hired by each unit.name.Known? (1) Li was hired by Tianshu; (2) Li and Zhao were not hired by the same unit; (3) Liu and Zhao were hired by the same unit; (4) If Zhang was hired by Tianxuan, then Wang Ye Was hired by Tianxuan.\nQuestion: If Liu was hired by Tianxuan, which of the following must be wrong?\n A. Tianxuan hired 3 people.\n B. Li's employer only hired him.\n C. Wang was hired by Tianxuan.\n D. Zhang was hired by Tianxuan.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Five graduate students Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu graduated from a linguistics major in a college of arts of a university in 2014, and were hired by one of the three employers, Tianshu, Tianji, and Tianxuan, and at least one of them was hired by each unit.name.Known? (1) Li was hired by Tianshu; (2) Li and Zhao were not hired by the same unit; (3) Liu and Zhao were hired by the same unit; (4) If Zhang was hired by Tianxuan, then Wang Ye Was hired by Tianxuan.\nQuestion: If Liu was hired by Tianxuan, which of the following must be wrong?\n A. Tianxuan hired 3 people.\n B. Li's employer only hired him.\n C. Wang was hired by Tianxuan.\n D. Zhang was hired by Tianxuan.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Five graduate students Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu graduated from a linguistics major in a college of arts of a university in 2014, and were hired by one of the three employers, Tianshu, Tianji, and Tianxuan, and at least one of them was hired by each unit.name.Known? (1) Li was hired by Tianshu; (2) Li and Zhao were not hired by the same unit; (3) Liu and Zhao were hired by the same unit; (4) If Zhang was hired by Tianxuan, then Wang Ye Was hired by Tianxuan.\nQuestion: If Liu was hired by Tianxuan, which of the following must be wrong?\n A. Tianxuan hired 3 people.\n B. Li's employer only hired him.\n C. Wang was hired by Tianxuan.\n D. Zhang was hired by Tianxuan.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Five graduate students Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu graduated from a linguistics major in a college of arts of a university in 2014, and were hired by one of the three employers, Tianshu, Tianji, and Tianxuan, and at least one of them was hired by each unit.name.Known? (1) Li was hired by Tianshu; (2) Li and Zhao were not hired by the same unit; (3) Liu and Zhao were hired by the same unit; (4) If Zhang was hired by Tianxuan, then Wang Ye Was hired by Tianxuan.\nQuestion: If Liu was hired by Tianxuan, which of the following must be wrong?\n A. Tianxuan hired 3 people.\n B. Li's employer only hired him.\n C. Wang was hired by Tianxuan.\n D. Zhang was hired by Tianxuan.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:67"}
{"index": 391, "query": "Vermilion? Red squirrels make holes in the bark of sugar pine to absorb the sap.Since the sap of sugar pine is mainly composed of water and a small amount of sugar, it can be roughly determined that the red squirrel is looking for water or sugar.Water is easily obtained by other means where pine trees grow.Therefore, the red pine trees will not make holes for finding water, they may be looking for sugar.Lin Na? It must not be looking for sugar but something else, because the concentration of sugar in the sugar pine sap is too low, red squirrels must drink a lot of sap to get a little sugar.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, the most serious shaken Lin Na's rebuttal to Zhu Hong?\n A. Once a red squirrel makes a hole in the trunk of a sugar pine to absorb the sap, another red squirrel will do the same.\n B. Red squirrels rarely make holes in other trees whose sap contains less sugar than sugar pine.\n C. Red squirrels wait for most of the water in the sap that oozes out of the tree's hole to evaporate before consuming the sap.\n D. In the season when sap can be obtained from sugar pine, the weather is already cold to prevent the sap from seeping out of the tree.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Vermilion? Red squirrels make holes in the bark of sugar pine to absorb the sap.Since the sap of sugar pine is mainly composed of water and a small amount of sugar, it can be roughly determined that the red squirrel is looking for water or sugar.Water is easily obtained by other means where pine trees grow.Therefore, the red pine trees will not make holes for finding water, they may be looking for sugar.Lin Na? It must not be looking for sugar but something else, because the concentration of sugar in the sugar pine sap is too low, red squirrels must drink a lot of sap to get a little sugar.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, the most serious shaken Lin Na's rebuttal to Zhu Hong?\n A. Once a red squirrel makes a hole in the trunk of a sugar pine to absorb the sap, another red squirrel will do the same.\n B. Red squirrels rarely make holes in other trees whose sap contains less sugar than sugar pine.\n C. Red squirrels wait for most of the water in the sap that oozes out of the tree's hole to evaporate before consuming the sap.\n D. In the season when sap can be obtained from sugar pine, the weather is already cold to prevent the sap from seeping out of the tree.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Vermilion? Red squirrels make holes in the bark of sugar pine to absorb the sap.Since the sap of sugar pine is mainly composed of water and a small amount of sugar, it can be roughly determined that the red squirrel is looking for water or sugar.Water is easily obtained by other means where pine trees grow.Therefore, the red pine trees will not make holes for finding water, they may be looking for sugar.Lin Na? It must not be looking for sugar but something else, because the concentration of sugar in the sugar pine sap is too low, red squirrels must drink a lot of sap to get a little sugar.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, the most serious shaken Lin Na's rebuttal to Zhu Hong?\n A. Once a red squirrel makes a hole in the trunk of a sugar pine to absorb the sap, another red squirrel will do the same.\n B. Red squirrels rarely make holes in other trees whose sap contains less sugar than sugar pine.\n C. Red squirrels wait for most of the water in the sap that oozes out of the tree's hole to evaporate before consuming the sap.\n D. In the season when sap can be obtained from sugar pine, the weather is already cold to prevent the sap from seeping out of the tree.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Vermilion? Red squirrels make holes in the bark of sugar pine to absorb the sap.Since the sap of sugar pine is mainly composed of water and a small amount of sugar, it can be roughly determined that the red squirrel is looking for water or sugar.Water is easily obtained by other means where pine trees grow.Therefore, the red pine trees will not make holes for finding water, they may be looking for sugar.Lin Na? It must not be looking for sugar but something else, because the concentration of sugar in the sugar pine sap is too low, red squirrels must drink a lot of sap to get a little sugar.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, the most serious shaken Lin Na's rebuttal to Zhu Hong?\n A. Once a red squirrel makes a hole in the trunk of a sugar pine to absorb the sap, another red squirrel will do the same.\n B. Red squirrels rarely make holes in other trees whose sap contains less sugar than sugar pine.\n C. Red squirrels wait for most of the water in the sap that oozes out of the tree's hole to evaporate before consuming the sap.\n D. In the season when sap can be obtained from sugar pine, the weather is already cold to prevent the sap from seeping out of the tree.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:391"}
{"index": 410, "query": "In 2013, a city's science and technology museum sold a total of 30,000 tickets.In 2014, the city \u2019s new planetarium and natural museum opened, and the total number of admission tickets sold at these three venues reached 95,000.This shows that the investment in building planetariums and natural museums is worthwhile, because the number of citizens who have received science education at these venues has more than doubled.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above conclusion be weakened most?\n A. The first year of the planetarium and nature museum opening usually attracts a large number of visitors.\n B. The planetarium and natural museum actually sold fewer tickets than expected.\n C. Most people who visit the Science and Technology Museum will also visit the Planetarium and Nature Museum.\n D. The income from admission tickets alone is far from recovering the construction costs of the Planetarium and Natural Museum.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In 2013, a city's science and technology museum sold a total of 30,000 tickets.In 2014, the city \u2019s new planetarium and natural museum opened, and the total number of admission tickets sold at these three venues reached 95,000.This shows that the investment in building planetariums and natural museums is worthwhile, because the number of citizens who have received science education at these venues has more than doubled.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above conclusion be weakened most?\n A. The first year of the planetarium and nature museum opening usually attracts a large number of visitors.\n B. The planetarium and natural museum actually sold fewer tickets than expected.\n C. Most people who visit the Science and Technology Museum will also visit the Planetarium and Nature Museum.\n D. The income from admission tickets alone is far from recovering the construction costs of the Planetarium and Natural Museum.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In 2013, a city's science and technology museum sold a total of 30,000 tickets.In 2014, the city \u2019s new planetarium and natural museum opened, and the total number of admission tickets sold at these three venues reached 95,000.This shows that the investment in building planetariums and natural museums is worthwhile, because the number of citizens who have received science education at these venues has more than doubled.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above conclusion be weakened most?\n A. The first year of the planetarium and nature museum opening usually attracts a large number of visitors.\n B. The planetarium and natural museum actually sold fewer tickets than expected.\n C. Most people who visit the Science and Technology Museum will also visit the Planetarium and Nature Museum.\n D. The income from admission tickets alone is far from recovering the construction costs of the Planetarium and Natural Museum.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In 2013, a city's science and technology museum sold a total of 30,000 tickets.In 2014, the city \u2019s new planetarium and natural museum opened, and the total number of admission tickets sold at these three venues reached 95,000.This shows that the investment in building planetariums and natural museums is worthwhile, because the number of citizens who have received science education at these venues has more than doubled.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above conclusion be weakened most?\n A. The first year of the planetarium and nature museum opening usually attracts a large number of visitors.\n B. The planetarium and natural museum actually sold fewer tickets than expected.\n C. Most people who visit the Science and Technology Museum will also visit the Planetarium and Nature Museum.\n D. The income from admission tickets alone is far from recovering the construction costs of the Planetarium and Natural Museum.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:410"}
{"index": 100, "query": "No one can make mistakes, and everyone may make serious mistakes.\nQuestion: If the above determination is true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Everyone may make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n B. Everyone may make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\n C. Everyone will make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n D. Everyone will make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "No one can make mistakes, and everyone may make serious mistakes.\nQuestion: If the above determination is true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Everyone may make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n B. Everyone may make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\n C. Everyone will make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n D. Everyone will make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "No one can make mistakes, and everyone may make serious mistakes.\nQuestion: If the above determination is true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Everyone may make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n B. Everyone may make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\n C. Everyone will make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n D. Everyone will make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "No one can make mistakes, and everyone may make serious mistakes.\nQuestion: If the above determination is true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Everyone may make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n B. Everyone may make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\n C. Everyone will make mistakes, but some people may not make serious mistakes.\n D. Everyone will make mistakes, but all people may not make serious mistakes.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:100"}
{"index": 44, "query": "A newly recruited researcher in 2013 by a scientific research unit, or \"introduced talent\" with a deputy high title or above, or a fresh graduate PhD student with Beijing household registration.The fresh graduate PhD students live in postdoctoral apartments, and the \"introduced talents\" all live in the \"Peony Garden\" community.\nQuestion: Regarding the newly recruited researchers of the unit in 2013, which of the following judgments is correct?\n A. None of those who live in postdoctoral apartments have deputy senior titles or above\n B. Those who have a Ph.D.have Beijing household registration\n C. None of the people living in the \"Peony Garden\" community have a doctorate\n D. All non-graduate PhD students live in the \"Peony Garden\" community\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A newly recruited researcher in 2013 by a scientific research unit, or \"introduced talent\" with a deputy high title or above, or a fresh graduate PhD student with Beijing household registration.The fresh graduate PhD students live in postdoctoral apartments, and the \"introduced talents\" all live in the \"Peony Garden\" community.\nQuestion: Regarding the newly recruited researchers of the unit in 2013, which of the following judgments is correct?\n A. None of those who live in postdoctoral apartments have deputy senior titles or above\n B. Those who have a Ph.D.have Beijing household registration\n C. None of the people living in the \"Peony Garden\" community have a doctorate\n D. All non-graduate PhD students live in the \"Peony Garden\" community\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A newly recruited researcher in 2013 by a scientific research unit, or \"introduced talent\" with a deputy high title or above, or a fresh graduate PhD student with Beijing household registration.The fresh graduate PhD students live in postdoctoral apartments, and the \"introduced talents\" all live in the \"Peony Garden\" community.\nQuestion: Regarding the newly recruited researchers of the unit in 2013, which of the following judgments is correct?\n A. None of those who live in postdoctoral apartments have deputy senior titles or above\n B. Those who have a Ph.D.have Beijing household registration\n C. None of the people living in the \"Peony Garden\" community have a doctorate\n D. All non-graduate PhD students live in the \"Peony Garden\" community\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A newly recruited researcher in 2013 by a scientific research unit, or \"introduced talent\" with a deputy high title or above, or a fresh graduate PhD student with Beijing household registration.The fresh graduate PhD students live in postdoctoral apartments, and the \"introduced talents\" all live in the \"Peony Garden\" community.\nQuestion: Regarding the newly recruited researchers of the unit in 2013, which of the following judgments is correct?\n A. None of those who live in postdoctoral apartments have deputy senior titles or above\n B. Those who have a Ph.D.have Beijing household registration\n C. None of the people living in the \"Peony Garden\" community have a doctorate\n D. All non-graduate PhD students live in the \"Peony Garden\" community\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 121, "query": "Recently, some countries in the world, especially the United States and Japan, have blamed their domestic economic mystery on China \u2019s fixed exchange rate system between the RMB and the US dollar.Some domestic manufacturing companies have caused pressure.\nQuestion: The following are all questions about the above views, except?\n A. Japan has been in recession for more than ten years.At that time, China \u2019s merchandise exports were very small, and the renminbi was very weak.\n B. The US economic recession was mainly caused by the destruction of the myth of the Internet economy, and the \"9.11\" terrorist attacks exacerbated this recession.\n C. China's GDP accounts for only 3.9% of the world's total, foreign trade is less than 5% of the world's, and it does not have the ability to affect the world market price and supply and demand.\n D. Consumers in Western countries have benefited greatly from cheap goods in China.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Recently, some countries in the world, especially the United States and Japan, have blamed their domestic economic mystery on China \u2019s fixed exchange rate system between the RMB and the US dollar.Some domestic manufacturing companies have caused pressure.\nQuestion: The following are all questions about the above views, except?\n A. Japan has been in recession for more than ten years.At that time, China \u2019s merchandise exports were very small, and the renminbi was very weak.\n B. The US economic recession was mainly caused by the destruction of the myth of the Internet economy, and the \"9.11\" terrorist attacks exacerbated this recession.\n C. China's GDP accounts for only 3.9% of the world's total, foreign trade is less than 5% of the world's, and it does not have the ability to affect the world market price and supply and demand.\n D. Consumers in Western countries have benefited greatly from cheap goods in China.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Recently, some countries in the world, especially the United States and Japan, have blamed their domestic economic mystery on China \u2019s fixed exchange rate system between the RMB and the US dollar.Some domestic manufacturing companies have caused pressure.\nQuestion: The following are all questions about the above views, except?\n A. Japan has been in recession for more than ten years.At that time, China \u2019s merchandise exports were very small, and the renminbi was very weak.\n B. The US economic recession was mainly caused by the destruction of the myth of the Internet economy, and the \"9.11\" terrorist attacks exacerbated this recession.\n C. China's GDP accounts for only 3.9% of the world's total, foreign trade is less than 5% of the world's, and it does not have the ability to affect the world market price and supply and demand.\n D. Consumers in Western countries have benefited greatly from cheap goods in China.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Recently, some countries in the world, especially the United States and Japan, have blamed their domestic economic mystery on China \u2019s fixed exchange rate system between the RMB and the US dollar.Some domestic manufacturing companies have caused pressure.\nQuestion: The following are all questions about the above views, except?\n A. Japan has been in recession for more than ten years.At that time, China \u2019s merchandise exports were very small, and the renminbi was very weak.\n B. The US economic recession was mainly caused by the destruction of the myth of the Internet economy, and the \"9.11\" terrorist attacks exacerbated this recession.\n C. China's GDP accounts for only 3.9% of the world's total, foreign trade is less than 5% of the world's, and it does not have the ability to affect the world market price and supply and demand.\n D. Consumers in Western countries have benefited greatly from cheap goods in China.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:121"}
{"index": 216, "query": "Real estate developers in a city can only raise more development funds through direct loans from banks or through pre-sale of commercial housing.The government does not allow banks to increase direct loans to the real estate industry.As a result, real estate developers in the city cannot raise more development funds because _______\nQuestion: Which of the following options can logically complete the above argument?\n A. Some real estate developers have pre-sold commercial housing and ran away with money, making the completion of the project far away.\n B. The central bank canceled the pre-sale system for commercial housing.\n C. Construction companies are reluctant to advance construction.\n D. Some developers postpone delivery after the sale of off-plan houses, which makes many buyers doubt the developers.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Real estate developers in a city can only raise more development funds through direct loans from banks or through pre-sale of commercial housing.The government does not allow banks to increase direct loans to the real estate industry.As a result, real estate developers in the city cannot raise more development funds because _______\nQuestion: Which of the following options can logically complete the above argument?\n A. Some real estate developers have pre-sold commercial housing and ran away with money, making the completion of the project far away.\n B. The central bank canceled the pre-sale system for commercial housing.\n C. Construction companies are reluctant to advance construction.\n D. Some developers postpone delivery after the sale of off-plan houses, which makes many buyers doubt the developers.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Real estate developers in a city can only raise more development funds through direct loans from banks or through pre-sale of commercial housing.The government does not allow banks to increase direct loans to the real estate industry.As a result, real estate developers in the city cannot raise more development funds because _______\nQuestion: Which of the following options can logically complete the above argument?\n A. Some real estate developers have pre-sold commercial housing and ran away with money, making the completion of the project far away.\n B. The central bank canceled the pre-sale system for commercial housing.\n C. Construction companies are reluctant to advance construction.\n D. Some developers postpone delivery after the sale of off-plan houses, which makes many buyers doubt the developers.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Real estate developers in a city can only raise more development funds through direct loans from banks or through pre-sale of commercial housing.The government does not allow banks to increase direct loans to the real estate industry.As a result, real estate developers in the city cannot raise more development funds because _______\nQuestion: Which of the following options can logically complete the above argument?\n A. Some real estate developers have pre-sold commercial housing and ran away with money, making the completion of the project far away.\n B. The central bank canceled the pre-sale system for commercial housing.\n C. Construction companies are reluctant to advance construction.\n D. Some developers postpone delivery after the sale of off-plan houses, which makes many buyers doubt the developers.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:216"}
{"index": 643, "query": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If R is arranged in the fifth week and O is arranged in the second week, the alternative arrangements are?\n A. 2 kinds\n B. 3 types\n C. 5 types\n D. 6 types\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If R is arranged in the fifth week and O is arranged in the second week, the alternative arrangements are?\n A. 2 kinds\n B. 3 types\n C. 5 types\n D. 6 types\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If R is arranged in the fifth week and O is arranged in the second week, the alternative arrangements are?\n A. 2 kinds\n B. 3 types\n C. 5 types\n D. 6 types\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If R is arranged in the fifth week and O is arranged in the second week, the alternative arrangements are?\n A. 2 kinds\n B. 3 types\n C. 5 types\n D. 6 types\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:643"}
{"index": 101, "query": "A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments, each of which is in charge of three general manager assistants.Each assistant general manager is in charge of at least one department.The following conditions must be met? (1) There is only one assistant to the general manager in charge of three departments at the same time.(2) F and G are not in charge of the same department.(3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. Some assistants to the general manager are in charge of the two departments.\n B. Any department is in charge of F or G.\n C. M and P are in charge of only one department.\n D. No department is in charge of F, M and P.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments, each of which is in charge of three general manager assistants.Each assistant general manager is in charge of at least one department.The following conditions must be met? (1) There is only one assistant to the general manager in charge of three departments at the same time.(2) F and G are not in charge of the same department.(3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. Some assistants to the general manager are in charge of the two departments.\n B. Any department is in charge of F or G.\n C. M and P are in charge of only one department.\n D. No department is in charge of F, M and P.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments, each of which is in charge of three general manager assistants.Each assistant general manager is in charge of at least one department.The following conditions must be met? (1) There is only one assistant to the general manager in charge of three departments at the same time.(2) F and G are not in charge of the same department.(3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. Some assistants to the general manager are in charge of the two departments.\n B. Any department is in charge of F or G.\n C. M and P are in charge of only one department.\n D. No department is in charge of F, M and P.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments, each of which is in charge of three general manager assistants.Each assistant general manager is in charge of at least one department.The following conditions must be met? (1) There is only one assistant to the general manager in charge of three departments at the same time.(2) F and G are not in charge of the same department.(3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. Some assistants to the general manager are in charge of the two departments.\n B. Any department is in charge of F or G.\n C. M and P are in charge of only one department.\n D. No department is in charge of F, M and P.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 421, "query": "Expert? Only when the property rights of an item are clearly defined and can be traded can the real value of the item be reflected.We said that we must protect the interests of farmers.If we can't figure out what the farmers' best interests are, how to protect them? What valuable things do farmers have? That is the homestead.Only when the value of the homestead is fully reflected can we really protect the interests of farmers.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. To truly protect the interests of farmers, it is necessary to allow transactions on homesteads.\n B. As long as you understand what is the peasants 'best interests, you can protect the peasants' interests.\n C. As long as the property rights of the homestead are clearly defined and can be traded on, the true value of it can be reflected.\n D. If the homestead is traded, its value can be fully reflected.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Expert? Only when the property rights of an item are clearly defined and can be traded can the real value of the item be reflected.We said that we must protect the interests of farmers.If we can't figure out what the farmers' best interests are, how to protect them? What valuable things do farmers have? That is the homestead.Only when the value of the homestead is fully reflected can we really protect the interests of farmers.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. To truly protect the interests of farmers, it is necessary to allow transactions on homesteads.\n B. As long as you understand what is the peasants 'best interests, you can protect the peasants' interests.\n C. As long as the property rights of the homestead are clearly defined and can be traded on, the true value of it can be reflected.\n D. If the homestead is traded, its value can be fully reflected.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Expert? Only when the property rights of an item are clearly defined and can be traded can the real value of the item be reflected.We said that we must protect the interests of farmers.If we can't figure out what the farmers' best interests are, how to protect them? What valuable things do farmers have? That is the homestead.Only when the value of the homestead is fully reflected can we really protect the interests of farmers.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. To truly protect the interests of farmers, it is necessary to allow transactions on homesteads.\n B. As long as you understand what is the peasants 'best interests, you can protect the peasants' interests.\n C. As long as the property rights of the homestead are clearly defined and can be traded on, the true value of it can be reflected.\n D. If the homestead is traded, its value can be fully reflected.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Expert? Only when the property rights of an item are clearly defined and can be traded can the real value of the item be reflected.We said that we must protect the interests of farmers.If we can't figure out what the farmers' best interests are, how to protect them? What valuable things do farmers have? That is the homestead.Only when the value of the homestead is fully reflected can we really protect the interests of farmers.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. To truly protect the interests of farmers, it is necessary to allow transactions on homesteads.\n B. As long as you understand what is the peasants 'best interests, you can protect the peasants' interests.\n C. As long as the property rights of the homestead are clearly defined and can be traded on, the true value of it can be reflected.\n D. If the homestead is traded, its value can be fully reflected.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:421"}
{"index": 50, "query": "The education system has two aspects, one is compulsory education and the other is higher education.A reasonable education system requires everyone to have the right to compulsory education and to have access to higher education through fair competition.\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusions?\n A. An education system that does not allow everyone to go to college is unreasonable.\n B. An education system that guarantees everyone to enjoy compulsory education is reasonable.\n C. An education system that does not allow everyone to enjoy the right to compulsory education is unreasonable.\n D. There should be more requirements for a reasonable education system.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The education system has two aspects, one is compulsory education and the other is higher education.A reasonable education system requires everyone to have the right to compulsory education and to have access to higher education through fair competition.\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusions?\n A. An education system that does not allow everyone to go to college is unreasonable.\n B. An education system that guarantees everyone to enjoy compulsory education is reasonable.\n C. An education system that does not allow everyone to enjoy the right to compulsory education is unreasonable.\n D. There should be more requirements for a reasonable education system.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The education system has two aspects, one is compulsory education and the other is higher education.A reasonable education system requires everyone to have the right to compulsory education and to have access to higher education through fair competition.\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusions?\n A. An education system that does not allow everyone to go to college is unreasonable.\n B. An education system that guarantees everyone to enjoy compulsory education is reasonable.\n C. An education system that does not allow everyone to enjoy the right to compulsory education is unreasonable.\n D. There should be more requirements for a reasonable education system.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The education system has two aspects, one is compulsory education and the other is higher education.A reasonable education system requires everyone to have the right to compulsory education and to have access to higher education through fair competition.\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusions?\n A. An education system that does not allow everyone to go to college is unreasonable.\n B. An education system that guarantees everyone to enjoy compulsory education is reasonable.\n C. An education system that does not allow everyone to enjoy the right to compulsory education is unreasonable.\n D. There should be more requirements for a reasonable education system.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 627, "query": "On average, educated people today have significantly less reading time than educated people 50 years ago.However, the number of book sales per day is now much higher than it was 50 years ago.\nQuestion: The following statements are helpful in explaining the above phenomenon, except\n A. The number of educated people today is much greater than the number of educated people 50 years ago.\n B. Compared with now, people 50 years ago prefer to borrow books from the library.\n C. Compared with today, people 50 years ago prefer to show their good education and taste through a large collection of books.\n D. Today's books are often thinner and easier to read than 50 years ago.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "On average, educated people today have significantly less reading time than educated people 50 years ago.However, the number of book sales per day is now much higher than it was 50 years ago.\nQuestion: The following statements are helpful in explaining the above phenomenon, except\n A. The number of educated people today is much greater than the number of educated people 50 years ago.\n B. Compared with now, people 50 years ago prefer to borrow books from the library.\n C. Compared with today, people 50 years ago prefer to show their good education and taste through a large collection of books.\n D. Today's books are often thinner and easier to read than 50 years ago.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "On average, educated people today have significantly less reading time than educated people 50 years ago.However, the number of book sales per day is now much higher than it was 50 years ago.\nQuestion: The following statements are helpful in explaining the above phenomenon, except\n A. The number of educated people today is much greater than the number of educated people 50 years ago.\n B. Compared with now, people 50 years ago prefer to borrow books from the library.\n C. Compared with today, people 50 years ago prefer to show their good education and taste through a large collection of books.\n D. Today's books are often thinner and easier to read than 50 years ago.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "On average, educated people today have significantly less reading time than educated people 50 years ago.However, the number of book sales per day is now much higher than it was 50 years ago.\nQuestion: The following statements are helpful in explaining the above phenomenon, except\n A. The number of educated people today is much greater than the number of educated people 50 years ago.\n B. Compared with now, people 50 years ago prefer to borrow books from the library.\n C. Compared with today, people 50 years ago prefer to show their good education and taste through a large collection of books.\n D. Today's books are often thinner and easier to read than 50 years ago.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:627"}
{"index": 28, "query": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If He Zhilian is not selected, which of the following is not selected?\n A. Tang Xiaohua\n B. Peng Youwen\n C. Qiu Zhijie\n D. Song Wenkai\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If He Zhilian is not selected, which of the following is not selected?\n A. Tang Xiaohua\n B. Peng Youwen\n C. Qiu Zhijie\n D. Song Wenkai\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If He Zhilian is not selected, which of the following is not selected?\n A. Tang Xiaohua\n B. Peng Youwen\n C. Qiu Zhijie\n D. Song Wenkai\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If He Zhilian is not selected, which of the following is not selected?\n A. Tang Xiaohua\n B. Peng Youwen\n C. Qiu Zhijie\n D. Song Wenkai\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:28"}
{"index": 567, "query": "A middle school has tried out a student behavior evaluation system since 2010.Recently, the School Student Office surveyed students \u2019satisfaction with the evaluation system.The data shows that students with high scores are very satisfied with the evaluation system.The Student Affairs Department concluded that the students who performed well were satisfied with the evaluation system.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the student office of the school is based on which of the following assumptions?\n A. Students with low scores are generally dissatisfied with the evaluation system.\n B. Students who perform well are all students with high scores.\n C. Not all students with low scores are satisfied with the evaluation system.\n D. Students with high scores are motivated by the evaluation system and consciously improve their behavior.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A middle school has tried out a student behavior evaluation system since 2010.Recently, the School Student Office surveyed students \u2019satisfaction with the evaluation system.The data shows that students with high scores are very satisfied with the evaluation system.The Student Affairs Department concluded that the students who performed well were satisfied with the evaluation system.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the student office of the school is based on which of the following assumptions?\n A. Students with low scores are generally dissatisfied with the evaluation system.\n B. Students who perform well are all students with high scores.\n C. Not all students with low scores are satisfied with the evaluation system.\n D. Students with high scores are motivated by the evaluation system and consciously improve their behavior.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A middle school has tried out a student behavior evaluation system since 2010.Recently, the School Student Office surveyed students \u2019satisfaction with the evaluation system.The data shows that students with high scores are very satisfied with the evaluation system.The Student Affairs Department concluded that the students who performed well were satisfied with the evaluation system.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the student office of the school is based on which of the following assumptions?\n A. Students with low scores are generally dissatisfied with the evaluation system.\n B. Students who perform well are all students with high scores.\n C. Not all students with low scores are satisfied with the evaluation system.\n D. Students with high scores are motivated by the evaluation system and consciously improve their behavior.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A middle school has tried out a student behavior evaluation system since 2010.Recently, the School Student Office surveyed students \u2019satisfaction with the evaluation system.The data shows that students with high scores are very satisfied with the evaluation system.The Student Affairs Department concluded that the students who performed well were satisfied with the evaluation system.\nQuestion: The conclusion of the student office of the school is based on which of the following assumptions?\n A. Students with low scores are generally dissatisfied with the evaluation system.\n B. Students who perform well are all students with high scores.\n C. Not all students with low scores are satisfied with the evaluation system.\n D. Students with high scores are motivated by the evaluation system and consciously improve their behavior.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:567"}
{"index": 522, "query": "Experts? The board of directors of a listed company is usually composed of large shareholders.Small shareholders cannot enter the board of directors because of their small equity, so the interests of small shareholders are easily violated by large shareholders.The establishment of an independent director system is to hope that independent directors can represent minority shareholders and form checks and balances against major shareholders.However, independent directors are hired and paid by the company's board of directors, which forms an economic \u201calliance\u201d relationship between the independent directors and the company's board of directors, making it difficult for independent directors to exercise their power as independent shareholders.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one most strongly supports the above expert's conclusion?\n A. If independent directors challenge the company's board of directors to protect the interests of minority shareholders, the result is often dismissed by the company's board of directors.\n B. Some independent directors dare to protect the interests of minority shareholders, despite the great pressure.\n C. At present, the independent director system of Chinese listed companies is not yet perfect.\n D. Many retired senior officials have served as independent directors of Chinese listed companies.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Experts? The board of directors of a listed company is usually composed of large shareholders.Small shareholders cannot enter the board of directors because of their small equity, so the interests of small shareholders are easily violated by large shareholders.The establishment of an independent director system is to hope that independent directors can represent minority shareholders and form checks and balances against major shareholders.However, independent directors are hired and paid by the company's board of directors, which forms an economic \u201calliance\u201d relationship between the independent directors and the company's board of directors, making it difficult for independent directors to exercise their power as independent shareholders.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one most strongly supports the above expert's conclusion?\n A. If independent directors challenge the company's board of directors to protect the interests of minority shareholders, the result is often dismissed by the company's board of directors.\n B. Some independent directors dare to protect the interests of minority shareholders, despite the great pressure.\n C. At present, the independent director system of Chinese listed companies is not yet perfect.\n D. Many retired senior officials have served as independent directors of Chinese listed companies.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Experts? The board of directors of a listed company is usually composed of large shareholders.Small shareholders cannot enter the board of directors because of their small equity, so the interests of small shareholders are easily violated by large shareholders.The establishment of an independent director system is to hope that independent directors can represent minority shareholders and form checks and balances against major shareholders.However, independent directors are hired and paid by the company's board of directors, which forms an economic \u201calliance\u201d relationship between the independent directors and the company's board of directors, making it difficult for independent directors to exercise their power as independent shareholders.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one most strongly supports the above expert's conclusion?\n A. If independent directors challenge the company's board of directors to protect the interests of minority shareholders, the result is often dismissed by the company's board of directors.\n B. Some independent directors dare to protect the interests of minority shareholders, despite the great pressure.\n C. At present, the independent director system of Chinese listed companies is not yet perfect.\n D. Many retired senior officials have served as independent directors of Chinese listed companies.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Experts? The board of directors of a listed company is usually composed of large shareholders.Small shareholders cannot enter the board of directors because of their small equity, so the interests of small shareholders are easily violated by large shareholders.The establishment of an independent director system is to hope that independent directors can represent minority shareholders and form checks and balances against major shareholders.However, independent directors are hired and paid by the company's board of directors, which forms an economic \u201calliance\u201d relationship between the independent directors and the company's board of directors, making it difficult for independent directors to exercise their power as independent shareholders.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one most strongly supports the above expert's conclusion?\n A. If independent directors challenge the company's board of directors to protect the interests of minority shareholders, the result is often dismissed by the company's board of directors.\n B. Some independent directors dare to protect the interests of minority shareholders, despite the great pressure.\n C. At present, the independent director system of Chinese listed companies is not yet perfect.\n D. Many retired senior officials have served as independent directors of Chinese listed companies.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:522"}
{"index": 68, "query": "There are two types of community-organized activities? health care and leisure.The organizer's statistics on all participants found that? the elderly in the community have participated in all health-related activities, and some have participated in all leisure-type activities .\nQuestion: According to this statistic, which of the following must be true?\n A. Some activities organized by the community do not involve the elderly in the community.\n B. Some elderly people in the community do not participate in any activities organized by the community.\n C. Any activity organized by a community will involve the elderly in the community.\n D. Middle-aged people in the community also participated in community-organized activities.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "There are two types of community-organized activities? health care and leisure.The organizer's statistics on all participants found that? the elderly in the community have participated in all health-related activities, and some have participated in all leisure-type activities .\nQuestion: According to this statistic, which of the following must be true?\n A. Some activities organized by the community do not involve the elderly in the community.\n B. Some elderly people in the community do not participate in any activities organized by the community.\n C. Any activity organized by a community will involve the elderly in the community.\n D. Middle-aged people in the community also participated in community-organized activities.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are two types of community-organized activities? health care and leisure.The organizer's statistics on all participants found that? the elderly in the community have participated in all health-related activities, and some have participated in all leisure-type activities .\nQuestion: According to this statistic, which of the following must be true?\n A. Some activities organized by the community do not involve the elderly in the community.\n B. Some elderly people in the community do not participate in any activities organized by the community.\n C. Any activity organized by a community will involve the elderly in the community.\n D. Middle-aged people in the community also participated in community-organized activities.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are two types of community-organized activities? health care and leisure.The organizer's statistics on all participants found that? the elderly in the community have participated in all health-related activities, and some have participated in all leisure-type activities .\nQuestion: According to this statistic, which of the following must be true?\n A. Some activities organized by the community do not involve the elderly in the community.\n B. Some elderly people in the community do not participate in any activities organized by the community.\n C. Any activity organized by a community will involve the elderly in the community.\n D. Middle-aged people in the community also participated in community-organized activities.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:68"}
{"index": 198, "query": "A provincial Go team coach selects 4 of the 7 players from E, F, G, H, J, K and M to participate in the professional league.The selection must meet the following conditions? E or F has one person to participate, but not both .One of J or K will participate, but not both.If J participates, then G participates.Unless F participates, M does not participate.\nQuestion: Which of the following players will definitely participate in the game?\n A. F or M, or both.\n B. H or J, or both.\n C. G or H, or both.\n D. J or M, or both.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A provincial Go team coach selects 4 of the 7 players from E, F, G, H, J, K and M to participate in the professional league.The selection must meet the following conditions? E or F has one person to participate, but not both .One of J or K will participate, but not both.If J participates, then G participates.Unless F participates, M does not participate.\nQuestion: Which of the following players will definitely participate in the game?\n A. F or M, or both.\n B. H or J, or both.\n C. G or H, or both.\n D. J or M, or both.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A provincial Go team coach selects 4 of the 7 players from E, F, G, H, J, K and M to participate in the professional league.The selection must meet the following conditions? E or F has one person to participate, but not both .One of J or K will participate, but not both.If J participates, then G participates.Unless F participates, M does not participate.\nQuestion: Which of the following players will definitely participate in the game?\n A. F or M, or both.\n B. H or J, or both.\n C. G or H, or both.\n D. J or M, or both.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A provincial Go team coach selects 4 of the 7 players from E, F, G, H, J, K and M to participate in the professional league.The selection must meet the following conditions? E or F has one person to participate, but not both .One of J or K will participate, but not both.If J participates, then G participates.Unless F participates, M does not participate.\nQuestion: Which of the following players will definitely participate in the game?\n A. F or M, or both.\n B. H or J, or both.\n C. G or H, or both.\n D. J or M, or both.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:198"}
{"index": 193, "query": "There are 6 scholars F, G, J, L, M, and N, who will speak at a logical meeting, and the speeches are arranged in the following order? (1) Each speaker speaks only once, and only once at the same time By.(2) Three speakers speak before lunch, and the other three speak after lunch.(3) G must speak before lunch.(4) Only one speaker is between M and N.(5) F speaks in the first or third place.\nQuestion: If J is the fourth speaker, who must be the third speaker?\n A. F or M\n B. L or N\n C. G or L\n D. M or N\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "There are 6 scholars F, G, J, L, M, and N, who will speak at a logical meeting, and the speeches are arranged in the following order? (1) Each speaker speaks only once, and only once at the same time By.(2) Three speakers speak before lunch, and the other three speak after lunch.(3) G must speak before lunch.(4) Only one speaker is between M and N.(5) F speaks in the first or third place.\nQuestion: If J is the fourth speaker, who must be the third speaker?\n A. F or M\n B. L or N\n C. G or L\n D. M or N\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 6 scholars F, G, J, L, M, and N, who will speak at a logical meeting, and the speeches are arranged in the following order? (1) Each speaker speaks only once, and only once at the same time By.(2) Three speakers speak before lunch, and the other three speak after lunch.(3) G must speak before lunch.(4) Only one speaker is between M and N.(5) F speaks in the first or third place.\nQuestion: If J is the fourth speaker, who must be the third speaker?\n A. F or M\n B. L or N\n C. G or L\n D. M or N\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 6 scholars F, G, J, L, M, and N, who will speak at a logical meeting, and the speeches are arranged in the following order? (1) Each speaker speaks only once, and only once at the same time By.(2) Three speakers speak before lunch, and the other three speak after lunch.(3) G must speak before lunch.(4) Only one speaker is between M and N.(5) F speaks in the first or third place.\nQuestion: If J is the fourth speaker, who must be the third speaker?\n A. F or M\n B. L or N\n C. G or L\n D. M or N\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:193"}
{"index": 27, "query": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five male students such as Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, Tang Xiaohua to form a five-person support group for college students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Guo Yanran is selected, which of the following must also be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen\n B. He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen\n D. Qiu Zhijie\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five male students such as Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, Tang Xiaohua to form a five-person support group for college students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Guo Yanran is selected, which of the following must also be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen\n B. He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen\n D. Qiu Zhijie\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five male students such as Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, Tang Xiaohua to form a five-person support group for college students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Guo Yanran is selected, which of the following must also be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen\n B. He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen\n D. Qiu Zhijie\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five male students such as Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, Tang Xiaohua to form a five-person support group for college students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Guo Yanran is selected, which of the following must also be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen\n B. He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen\n D. Qiu Zhijie\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:27"}
{"index": 233, "query": "The money earned by the employees of an enterprise is a wage that is included in the cost, and the money earned by the boss is a profit that is not included in the cost.If the cost is high, the profit is low, and if the profit is high, the cost is low.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported?\n A. Employees hold shares in the enterprise, and there is a conflict of interest with the boss.\n B. If the employee holds shares in the enterprise, there is no conflict in the interests of the boss and the employee.\n C. If the employee does not have shares in the enterprise, the boss and the employee will have conflicts of interest.\n D. The boss always makes more money than the employees.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The money earned by the employees of an enterprise is a wage that is included in the cost, and the money earned by the boss is a profit that is not included in the cost.If the cost is high, the profit is low, and if the profit is high, the cost is low.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported?\n A. Employees hold shares in the enterprise, and there is a conflict of interest with the boss.\n B. If the employee holds shares in the enterprise, there is no conflict in the interests of the boss and the employee.\n C. If the employee does not have shares in the enterprise, the boss and the employee will have conflicts of interest.\n D. The boss always makes more money than the employees.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The money earned by the employees of an enterprise is a wage that is included in the cost, and the money earned by the boss is a profit that is not included in the cost.If the cost is high, the profit is low, and if the profit is high, the cost is low.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported?\n A. Employees hold shares in the enterprise, and there is a conflict of interest with the boss.\n B. If the employee holds shares in the enterprise, there is no conflict in the interests of the boss and the employee.\n C. If the employee does not have shares in the enterprise, the boss and the employee will have conflicts of interest.\n D. The boss always makes more money than the employees.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The money earned by the employees of an enterprise is a wage that is included in the cost, and the money earned by the boss is a profit that is not included in the cost.If the cost is high, the profit is low, and if the profit is high, the cost is low.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported?\n A. Employees hold shares in the enterprise, and there is a conflict of interest with the boss.\n B. If the employee holds shares in the enterprise, there is no conflict in the interests of the boss and the employee.\n C. If the employee does not have shares in the enterprise, the boss and the employee will have conflicts of interest.\n D. The boss always makes more money than the employees.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:233"}
{"index": 407, "query": "The vervet monkey will notify the companion with a scream when it finds a carnivore nearby.Vervet monkeys will scream differently depending on whether the danger comes from land or air.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, is it most helpful to explain the above behavior of the vervet monkey?\n A. Some terrestrial carnivores only eat vervet monkeys, and raptors attacking vervet monkeys from the air feed on various animals.\n B. Vervet monkeys climb onto trees to avoid terrestrial carnivores, and underneath potential leaves to avoid raptors.\n C. No predator that poses a danger to vervet monkeys can attack vervet monkeys from both land and air.\n D. Different types of carnivores can deal with different numbers of vervet monkeys.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The vervet monkey will notify the companion with a scream when it finds a carnivore nearby.Vervet monkeys will scream differently depending on whether the danger comes from land or air.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, is it most helpful to explain the above behavior of the vervet monkey?\n A. Some terrestrial carnivores only eat vervet monkeys, and raptors attacking vervet monkeys from the air feed on various animals.\n B. Vervet monkeys climb onto trees to avoid terrestrial carnivores, and underneath potential leaves to avoid raptors.\n C. No predator that poses a danger to vervet monkeys can attack vervet monkeys from both land and air.\n D. Different types of carnivores can deal with different numbers of vervet monkeys.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The vervet monkey will notify the companion with a scream when it finds a carnivore nearby.Vervet monkeys will scream differently depending on whether the danger comes from land or air.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, is it most helpful to explain the above behavior of the vervet monkey?\n A. Some terrestrial carnivores only eat vervet monkeys, and raptors attacking vervet monkeys from the air feed on various animals.\n B. Vervet monkeys climb onto trees to avoid terrestrial carnivores, and underneath potential leaves to avoid raptors.\n C. No predator that poses a danger to vervet monkeys can attack vervet monkeys from both land and air.\n D. Different types of carnivores can deal with different numbers of vervet monkeys.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The vervet monkey will notify the companion with a scream when it finds a carnivore nearby.Vervet monkeys will scream differently depending on whether the danger comes from land or air.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, is it most helpful to explain the above behavior of the vervet monkey?\n A. Some terrestrial carnivores only eat vervet monkeys, and raptors attacking vervet monkeys from the air feed on various animals.\n B. Vervet monkeys climb onto trees to avoid terrestrial carnivores, and underneath potential leaves to avoid raptors.\n C. No predator that poses a danger to vervet monkeys can attack vervet monkeys from both land and air.\n D. Different types of carnivores can deal with different numbers of vervet monkeys.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:407"}
{"index": 471, "query": "In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to determine the penalty, because no matter how many cameras track the game on the field, it is inevitable that some foul actions will be missed.It is impossible to be aware of what happened before you.\nQuestion: The defect of which of the following arguments is most similar to the above argument\n A. Knowledge is a virtue, because no one does it on purpose\n B. We should not ask the police because they cannot stop all criminal activities\n C. Trial marriage is not immoral, because anyone who buys clothes can try on\n D. Faith cannot create reality, because taking something as true does not make it true\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to determine the penalty, because no matter how many cameras track the game on the field, it is inevitable that some foul actions will be missed.It is impossible to be aware of what happened before you.\nQuestion: The defect of which of the following arguments is most similar to the above argument\n A. Knowledge is a virtue, because no one does it on purpose\n B. We should not ask the police because they cannot stop all criminal activities\n C. Trial marriage is not immoral, because anyone who buys clothes can try on\n D. Faith cannot create reality, because taking something as true does not make it true\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to determine the penalty, because no matter how many cameras track the game on the field, it is inevitable that some foul actions will be missed.It is impossible to be aware of what happened before you.\nQuestion: The defect of which of the following arguments is most similar to the above argument\n A. Knowledge is a virtue, because no one does it on purpose\n B. We should not ask the police because they cannot stop all criminal activities\n C. Trial marriage is not immoral, because anyone who buys clothes can try on\n D. Faith cannot create reality, because taking something as true does not make it true\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In ball games, it is wrong to use replay to determine the penalty, because no matter how many cameras track the game on the field, it is inevitable that some foul actions will be missed.It is impossible to be aware of what happened before you.\nQuestion: The defect of which of the following arguments is most similar to the above argument\n A. Knowledge is a virtue, because no one does it on purpose\n B. We should not ask the police because they cannot stop all criminal activities\n C. Trial marriage is not immoral, because anyone who buys clothes can try on\n D. Faith cannot create reality, because taking something as true does not make it true\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:471"}
{"index": 362, "query": "The United States plans to establish a radar base in the Czech Republic, and it will form a missile shield with the missile base in Poland to deal with Iranian missile attacks.To this end, the United States and the Czech Republic signed two military agreements in 2008.Czech officials believe that the signing of the agreement will enable the Czech alliance with NATO allies to ensure the safety of the country with the best technical equipment.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, can the Czech official's assertion be questioned the most?\n A. According to the agreement between the Czech Republic and the United States, the United States has the right to direct and manage its bases in the Czech Republic.\n B. Most people in the Czech Republic opposed the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic.\n C. Most people in the Czech Republic believe that the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic will seriously damage the safety and interests of local people.\n D. The day the Czech Republic and the United States signed an agreement on radar bases, Russia claimed that Russian missiles were aimed at the base.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The United States plans to establish a radar base in the Czech Republic, and it will form a missile shield with the missile base in Poland to deal with Iranian missile attacks.To this end, the United States and the Czech Republic signed two military agreements in 2008.Czech officials believe that the signing of the agreement will enable the Czech alliance with NATO allies to ensure the safety of the country with the best technical equipment.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, can the Czech official's assertion be questioned the most?\n A. According to the agreement between the Czech Republic and the United States, the United States has the right to direct and manage its bases in the Czech Republic.\n B. Most people in the Czech Republic opposed the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic.\n C. Most people in the Czech Republic believe that the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic will seriously damage the safety and interests of local people.\n D. The day the Czech Republic and the United States signed an agreement on radar bases, Russia claimed that Russian missiles were aimed at the base.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The United States plans to establish a radar base in the Czech Republic, and it will form a missile shield with the missile base in Poland to deal with Iranian missile attacks.To this end, the United States and the Czech Republic signed two military agreements in 2008.Czech officials believe that the signing of the agreement will enable the Czech alliance with NATO allies to ensure the safety of the country with the best technical equipment.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, can the Czech official's assertion be questioned the most?\n A. According to the agreement between the Czech Republic and the United States, the United States has the right to direct and manage its bases in the Czech Republic.\n B. Most people in the Czech Republic opposed the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic.\n C. Most people in the Czech Republic believe that the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic will seriously damage the safety and interests of local people.\n D. The day the Czech Republic and the United States signed an agreement on radar bases, Russia claimed that Russian missiles were aimed at the base.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The United States plans to establish a radar base in the Czech Republic, and it will form a missile shield with the missile base in Poland to deal with Iranian missile attacks.To this end, the United States and the Czech Republic signed two military agreements in 2008.Czech officials believe that the signing of the agreement will enable the Czech alliance with NATO allies to ensure the safety of the country with the best technical equipment.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, can the Czech official's assertion be questioned the most?\n A. According to the agreement between the Czech Republic and the United States, the United States has the right to direct and manage its bases in the Czech Republic.\n B. Most people in the Czech Republic opposed the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic.\n C. Most people in the Czech Republic believe that the establishment of an anti-missile radar base by the United States in the Czech Republic will seriously damage the safety and interests of local people.\n D. The day the Czech Republic and the United States signed an agreement on radar bases, Russia claimed that Russian missiles were aimed at the base.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:362"}
{"index": 532, "query": "Judges in some states of the United States are elected.Elections usually require financial support from interest groups, which may directly or indirectly affect judicial justice.A study showed that in cases where the party involved was its own campaign sponsor, 65% of the judges of the Supreme Court of Louisiana supported the campaign sponsor.This shows that there is a correlation between the campaign funding granted to the judge and the judgment in favor of the sponsor.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best points out the problems in the above argument?\n A. The argument improperly presupposes that in a case where the party involved is a campaign sponsor, the proportion of judgments supporting the sponsor should not exceed 50%.\n B. The argument failed to explain the impact of the amount of campaign funding on the judgment.\n C. The argument ignores the fact that under the circumstances that campaign funding and judicial decisions are completely transparent, the media's supervision of justice is everywhere.\n D. The argument does not give the proportion of campaign sponsors among all involved parties.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Judges in some states of the United States are elected.Elections usually require financial support from interest groups, which may directly or indirectly affect judicial justice.A study showed that in cases where the party involved was its own campaign sponsor, 65% of the judges of the Supreme Court of Louisiana supported the campaign sponsor.This shows that there is a correlation between the campaign funding granted to the judge and the judgment in favor of the sponsor.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best points out the problems in the above argument?\n A. The argument improperly presupposes that in a case where the party involved is a campaign sponsor, the proportion of judgments supporting the sponsor should not exceed 50%.\n B. The argument failed to explain the impact of the amount of campaign funding on the judgment.\n C. The argument ignores the fact that under the circumstances that campaign funding and judicial decisions are completely transparent, the media's supervision of justice is everywhere.\n D. The argument does not give the proportion of campaign sponsors among all involved parties.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Judges in some states of the United States are elected.Elections usually require financial support from interest groups, which may directly or indirectly affect judicial justice.A study showed that in cases where the party involved was its own campaign sponsor, 65% of the judges of the Supreme Court of Louisiana supported the campaign sponsor.This shows that there is a correlation between the campaign funding granted to the judge and the judgment in favor of the sponsor.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best points out the problems in the above argument?\n A. The argument improperly presupposes that in a case where the party involved is a campaign sponsor, the proportion of judgments supporting the sponsor should not exceed 50%.\n B. The argument failed to explain the impact of the amount of campaign funding on the judgment.\n C. The argument ignores the fact that under the circumstances that campaign funding and judicial decisions are completely transparent, the media's supervision of justice is everywhere.\n D. The argument does not give the proportion of campaign sponsors among all involved parties.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Judges in some states of the United States are elected.Elections usually require financial support from interest groups, which may directly or indirectly affect judicial justice.A study showed that in cases where the party involved was its own campaign sponsor, 65% of the judges of the Supreme Court of Louisiana supported the campaign sponsor.This shows that there is a correlation between the campaign funding granted to the judge and the judgment in favor of the sponsor.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best points out the problems in the above argument?\n A. The argument improperly presupposes that in a case where the party involved is a campaign sponsor, the proportion of judgments supporting the sponsor should not exceed 50%.\n B. The argument failed to explain the impact of the amount of campaign funding on the judgment.\n C. The argument ignores the fact that under the circumstances that campaign funding and judicial decisions are completely transparent, the media's supervision of justice is everywhere.\n D. The argument does not give the proportion of campaign sponsors among all involved parties.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:532"}
{"index": 31, "query": "Conne Levi with a \"moe\" look looks like other newborns.But because it is the world's first test-tube baby screened by next-generation gene sequencing technology, his advent has attracted the attention of experts and scholars.Not long ago, this news detonated the audience at the \"European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Annual Meeting\" held in London, England.And ordinary people also believe that humans may usher in the era of \"customized babies\".\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best refute the views of ordinary people?\n A. \"Artificial\" genetic screening does not rule out that there will be loopholes; in natural conception, the guidelines for survival of the fittest in nature seem to be more subtle and effective\n B. It can be seen from the development history of modern science and technology that technological development is often faster than human cognition, and sometimes technology will go further and deviate from the track of human cognition\n C. Gene screening is mainly to avoid reproductive defects, this technology brings opportunities for human eugenics and eugenics; as for \"customized babies\", the concept of cloning is more involved, the two should not be confused\n D. \"Customized babies\" have not been tried globally, this concept also challenges the most controversial human reproductive ethics\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Conne Levi with a \"moe\" look looks like other newborns.But because it is the world's first test-tube baby screened by next-generation gene sequencing technology, his advent has attracted the attention of experts and scholars.Not long ago, this news detonated the audience at the \"European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Annual Meeting\" held in London, England.And ordinary people also believe that humans may usher in the era of \"customized babies\".\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best refute the views of ordinary people?\n A. \"Artificial\" genetic screening does not rule out that there will be loopholes; in natural conception, the guidelines for survival of the fittest in nature seem to be more subtle and effective\n B. It can be seen from the development history of modern science and technology that technological development is often faster than human cognition, and sometimes technology will go further and deviate from the track of human cognition\n C. Gene screening is mainly to avoid reproductive defects, this technology brings opportunities for human eugenics and eugenics; as for \"customized babies\", the concept of cloning is more involved, the two should not be confused\n D. \"Customized babies\" have not been tried globally, this concept also challenges the most controversial human reproductive ethics\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Conne Levi with a \"moe\" look looks like other newborns.But because it is the world's first test-tube baby screened by next-generation gene sequencing technology, his advent has attracted the attention of experts and scholars.Not long ago, this news detonated the audience at the \"European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Annual Meeting\" held in London, England.And ordinary people also believe that humans may usher in the era of \"customized babies\".\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best refute the views of ordinary people?\n A. \"Artificial\" genetic screening does not rule out that there will be loopholes; in natural conception, the guidelines for survival of the fittest in nature seem to be more subtle and effective\n B. It can be seen from the development history of modern science and technology that technological development is often faster than human cognition, and sometimes technology will go further and deviate from the track of human cognition\n C. Gene screening is mainly to avoid reproductive defects, this technology brings opportunities for human eugenics and eugenics; as for \"customized babies\", the concept of cloning is more involved, the two should not be confused\n D. \"Customized babies\" have not been tried globally, this concept also challenges the most controversial human reproductive ethics\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Conne Levi with a \"moe\" look looks like other newborns.But because it is the world's first test-tube baby screened by next-generation gene sequencing technology, his advent has attracted the attention of experts and scholars.Not long ago, this news detonated the audience at the \"European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Annual Meeting\" held in London, England.And ordinary people also believe that humans may usher in the era of \"customized babies\".\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best refute the views of ordinary people?\n A. \"Artificial\" genetic screening does not rule out that there will be loopholes; in natural conception, the guidelines for survival of the fittest in nature seem to be more subtle and effective\n B. It can be seen from the development history of modern science and technology that technological development is often faster than human cognition, and sometimes technology will go further and deviate from the track of human cognition\n C. Gene screening is mainly to avoid reproductive defects, this technology brings opportunities for human eugenics and eugenics; as for \"customized babies\", the concept of cloning is more involved, the two should not be confused\n D. \"Customized babies\" have not been tried globally, this concept also challenges the most controversial human reproductive ethics\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:31"}
{"index": 609, "query": "In 2010, the Ministry of Health launched a new national standard for the dairy industry, which reduced the protein content of raw milk from 2.95% to 2.8%.The new standard did not rise but decreased, raising questions.An industry insider explained that if our milk testing standards set the protein content too high, dairy farmers will add milk to the milk to increase protein testing content, such as melamine, in order to meet the standard.The melamine incident in 2008 showed that the original standard was too high.\nQuestion: Which of the following inferences contains the same logical error as that of the industry insider?\n A. No real strong man is afraid of difficulties or challenges.Zhao Tao is afraid of difficulties or challenges, indicating that Zhao Tao is not a real strong man.\n B. If a typhoon lands in Haikou, the flight to Haikou will be cancelled.The flight to Haikou has not been cancelled, indicating that the typhoon has not landed in Haikou.\n C. If there are loopholes in the management of the railway sector, accidents will occur in railway transportation.7.23 The Wenzhou motor vehicle accident shows that there is a loophole in the management of the railway department.\n D. People only donate to a charity when they trust it, so charities that do n\u2019t get donated must lose the trust of the public.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In 2010, the Ministry of Health launched a new national standard for the dairy industry, which reduced the protein content of raw milk from 2.95% to 2.8%.The new standard did not rise but decreased, raising questions.An industry insider explained that if our milk testing standards set the protein content too high, dairy farmers will add milk to the milk to increase protein testing content, such as melamine, in order to meet the standard.The melamine incident in 2008 showed that the original standard was too high.\nQuestion: Which of the following inferences contains the same logical error as that of the industry insider?\n A. No real strong man is afraid of difficulties or challenges.Zhao Tao is afraid of difficulties or challenges, indicating that Zhao Tao is not a real strong man.\n B. If a typhoon lands in Haikou, the flight to Haikou will be cancelled.The flight to Haikou has not been cancelled, indicating that the typhoon has not landed in Haikou.\n C. If there are loopholes in the management of the railway sector, accidents will occur in railway transportation.7.23 The Wenzhou motor vehicle accident shows that there is a loophole in the management of the railway department.\n D. People only donate to a charity when they trust it, so charities that do n\u2019t get donated must lose the trust of the public.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In 2010, the Ministry of Health launched a new national standard for the dairy industry, which reduced the protein content of raw milk from 2.95% to 2.8%.The new standard did not rise but decreased, raising questions.An industry insider explained that if our milk testing standards set the protein content too high, dairy farmers will add milk to the milk to increase protein testing content, such as melamine, in order to meet the standard.The melamine incident in 2008 showed that the original standard was too high.\nQuestion: Which of the following inferences contains the same logical error as that of the industry insider?\n A. No real strong man is afraid of difficulties or challenges.Zhao Tao is afraid of difficulties or challenges, indicating that Zhao Tao is not a real strong man.\n B. If a typhoon lands in Haikou, the flight to Haikou will be cancelled.The flight to Haikou has not been cancelled, indicating that the typhoon has not landed in Haikou.\n C. If there are loopholes in the management of the railway sector, accidents will occur in railway transportation.7.23 The Wenzhou motor vehicle accident shows that there is a loophole in the management of the railway department.\n D. People only donate to a charity when they trust it, so charities that do n\u2019t get donated must lose the trust of the public.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In 2010, the Ministry of Health launched a new national standard for the dairy industry, which reduced the protein content of raw milk from 2.95% to 2.8%.The new standard did not rise but decreased, raising questions.An industry insider explained that if our milk testing standards set the protein content too high, dairy farmers will add milk to the milk to increase protein testing content, such as melamine, in order to meet the standard.The melamine incident in 2008 showed that the original standard was too high.\nQuestion: Which of the following inferences contains the same logical error as that of the industry insider?\n A. No real strong man is afraid of difficulties or challenges.Zhao Tao is afraid of difficulties or challenges, indicating that Zhao Tao is not a real strong man.\n B. If a typhoon lands in Haikou, the flight to Haikou will be cancelled.The flight to Haikou has not been cancelled, indicating that the typhoon has not landed in Haikou.\n C. If there are loopholes in the management of the railway sector, accidents will occur in railway transportation.7.23 The Wenzhou motor vehicle accident shows that there is a loophole in the management of the railway department.\n D. People only donate to a charity when they trust it, so charities that do n\u2019t get donated must lose the trust of the public.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:609"}
{"index": 113, "query": "A solid wood flooring seller solemnly promised in his contract text? \"The flooring sold in this shop is definitely made of wood; it is responsible for free installation, except for the cost of materials required for installation; free warranty for one year, but not the fault of the company Except for the losses caused.If there is fraud, the company is willing to bear legal responsibility and pay more than 1,000 times the compensation.The company reserves the right to interpret this contract.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is a correct evaluation of the company and its contract?\n A. The company must be very honest because it promises to pay more than 1,000 times in compensation if fraud is discovered.\n B. The company's contract actually has no binding force on its behavior.\n C. The floors sold by the company must be real solid wood floors.\n D. From the customer's perspective, the company's contract terms are acceptable.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A solid wood flooring seller solemnly promised in his contract text? \"The flooring sold in this shop is definitely made of wood; it is responsible for free installation, except for the cost of materials required for installation; free warranty for one year, but not the fault of the company Except for the losses caused.If there is fraud, the company is willing to bear legal responsibility and pay more than 1,000 times the compensation.The company reserves the right to interpret this contract.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is a correct evaluation of the company and its contract?\n A. The company must be very honest because it promises to pay more than 1,000 times in compensation if fraud is discovered.\n B. The company's contract actually has no binding force on its behavior.\n C. The floors sold by the company must be real solid wood floors.\n D. From the customer's perspective, the company's contract terms are acceptable.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A solid wood flooring seller solemnly promised in his contract text? \"The flooring sold in this shop is definitely made of wood; it is responsible for free installation, except for the cost of materials required for installation; free warranty for one year, but not the fault of the company Except for the losses caused.If there is fraud, the company is willing to bear legal responsibility and pay more than 1,000 times the compensation.The company reserves the right to interpret this contract.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is a correct evaluation of the company and its contract?\n A. The company must be very honest because it promises to pay more than 1,000 times in compensation if fraud is discovered.\n B. The company's contract actually has no binding force on its behavior.\n C. The floors sold by the company must be real solid wood floors.\n D. From the customer's perspective, the company's contract terms are acceptable.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A solid wood flooring seller solemnly promised in his contract text? \"The flooring sold in this shop is definitely made of wood; it is responsible for free installation, except for the cost of materials required for installation; free warranty for one year, but not the fault of the company Except for the losses caused.If there is fraud, the company is willing to bear legal responsibility and pay more than 1,000 times the compensation.The company reserves the right to interpret this contract.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is a correct evaluation of the company and its contract?\n A. The company must be very honest because it promises to pay more than 1,000 times in compensation if fraud is discovered.\n B. The company's contract actually has no binding force on its behavior.\n C. The floors sold by the company must be real solid wood floors.\n D. From the customer's perspective, the company's contract terms are acceptable.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:113"}
{"index": 559, "query": "The weakness in a combat plan is the top secret in top secret, which will not leak out.However, the Japanese Self-Defense Force's \"Dive Island\" plan announced by the Japanese media, in addition to predicting three future incidents on the Diaoyu Island, the Self-Defense Force will seize the island in five steps, also detailed the Self-Defense Force's weaknesses? no Ability to quickly transport large-scale troops from the North Sea and Kyushu Island to Okinawa to meet the needs of landing operations.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one best explains this counterintuitive practice in Japan?\n A. Japan \u2019s announcement of the \"Obtaining the Island\" plan is intended to test China \u2019s response? If China \u2019s response is not large, Japan will station troops on the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islands.\n B. A few days ago, China and the Philippines confronted each other on Huangyan Island.Japan announced the plan to \"take four islands\" to win over the Philippines and join forces to contain China.\n C. Japan's self-exposed weakness is to build public opinion in the country for the construction of amphibious warships with strong transportation capabilities? amphibious warships are offensive forces, while Japan's \"Peace Constitution\" does not allow the SDF to develop offensive forces.\n D. Many Japanese hope that the United States will withdraw its troops from Japan.Japan \u2019s self-disclosure of the Self-Defense Force \u2019s weaknesses aims to tell the people that Japan needs the protection of the United States militarily.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The weakness in a combat plan is the top secret in top secret, which will not leak out.However, the Japanese Self-Defense Force's \"Dive Island\" plan announced by the Japanese media, in addition to predicting three future incidents on the Diaoyu Island, the Self-Defense Force will seize the island in five steps, also detailed the Self-Defense Force's weaknesses? no Ability to quickly transport large-scale troops from the North Sea and Kyushu Island to Okinawa to meet the needs of landing operations.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one best explains this counterintuitive practice in Japan?\n A. Japan \u2019s announcement of the \"Obtaining the Island\" plan is intended to test China \u2019s response? If China \u2019s response is not large, Japan will station troops on the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islands.\n B. A few days ago, China and the Philippines confronted each other on Huangyan Island.Japan announced the plan to \"take four islands\" to win over the Philippines and join forces to contain China.\n C. Japan's self-exposed weakness is to build public opinion in the country for the construction of amphibious warships with strong transportation capabilities? amphibious warships are offensive forces, while Japan's \"Peace Constitution\" does not allow the SDF to develop offensive forces.\n D. Many Japanese hope that the United States will withdraw its troops from Japan.Japan \u2019s self-disclosure of the Self-Defense Force \u2019s weaknesses aims to tell the people that Japan needs the protection of the United States militarily.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The weakness in a combat plan is the top secret in top secret, which will not leak out.However, the Japanese Self-Defense Force's \"Dive Island\" plan announced by the Japanese media, in addition to predicting three future incidents on the Diaoyu Island, the Self-Defense Force will seize the island in five steps, also detailed the Self-Defense Force's weaknesses? no Ability to quickly transport large-scale troops from the North Sea and Kyushu Island to Okinawa to meet the needs of landing operations.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one best explains this counterintuitive practice in Japan?\n A. Japan \u2019s announcement of the \"Obtaining the Island\" plan is intended to test China \u2019s response? If China \u2019s response is not large, Japan will station troops on the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islands.\n B. A few days ago, China and the Philippines confronted each other on Huangyan Island.Japan announced the plan to \"take four islands\" to win over the Philippines and join forces to contain China.\n C. Japan's self-exposed weakness is to build public opinion in the country for the construction of amphibious warships with strong transportation capabilities? amphibious warships are offensive forces, while Japan's \"Peace Constitution\" does not allow the SDF to develop offensive forces.\n D. Many Japanese hope that the United States will withdraw its troops from Japan.Japan \u2019s self-disclosure of the Self-Defense Force \u2019s weaknesses aims to tell the people that Japan needs the protection of the United States militarily.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The weakness in a combat plan is the top secret in top secret, which will not leak out.However, the Japanese Self-Defense Force's \"Dive Island\" plan announced by the Japanese media, in addition to predicting three future incidents on the Diaoyu Island, the Self-Defense Force will seize the island in five steps, also detailed the Self-Defense Force's weaknesses? no Ability to quickly transport large-scale troops from the North Sea and Kyushu Island to Okinawa to meet the needs of landing operations.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one best explains this counterintuitive practice in Japan?\n A. Japan \u2019s announcement of the \"Obtaining the Island\" plan is intended to test China \u2019s response? If China \u2019s response is not large, Japan will station troops on the Diaoyu Islands and surrounding islands.\n B. A few days ago, China and the Philippines confronted each other on Huangyan Island.Japan announced the plan to \"take four islands\" to win over the Philippines and join forces to contain China.\n C. Japan's self-exposed weakness is to build public opinion in the country for the construction of amphibious warships with strong transportation capabilities? amphibious warships are offensive forces, while Japan's \"Peace Constitution\" does not allow the SDF to develop offensive forces.\n D. Many Japanese hope that the United States will withdraw its troops from Japan.Japan \u2019s self-disclosure of the Self-Defense Force \u2019s weaknesses aims to tell the people that Japan needs the protection of the United States militarily.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:559"}
{"index": 202, "query": "No religious proposition can be verified as true by observation or experiment.Therefore, it is impossible to know the truth of any proposition of religion.\nQuestion: In order to deduce the above conclusions logically, it is necessary to assume which of the following is the premise?\n A. If a proposition can be proved to be true by observation or experiment, its truth can be known.\n B. Observation or experiment alone cannot confirm the truth of any proposition.\n C. To know the truth of a proposition, it needs to be proved to be true through observation or experiment.\n D. People determine the authenticity of religious propositions through faith.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "No religious proposition can be verified as true by observation or experiment.Therefore, it is impossible to know the truth of any proposition of religion.\nQuestion: In order to deduce the above conclusions logically, it is necessary to assume which of the following is the premise?\n A. If a proposition can be proved to be true by observation or experiment, its truth can be known.\n B. Observation or experiment alone cannot confirm the truth of any proposition.\n C. To know the truth of a proposition, it needs to be proved to be true through observation or experiment.\n D. People determine the authenticity of religious propositions through faith.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "No religious proposition can be verified as true by observation or experiment.Therefore, it is impossible to know the truth of any proposition of religion.\nQuestion: In order to deduce the above conclusions logically, it is necessary to assume which of the following is the premise?\n A. If a proposition can be proved to be true by observation or experiment, its truth can be known.\n B. Observation or experiment alone cannot confirm the truth of any proposition.\n C. To know the truth of a proposition, it needs to be proved to be true through observation or experiment.\n D. People determine the authenticity of religious propositions through faith.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "No religious proposition can be verified as true by observation or experiment.Therefore, it is impossible to know the truth of any proposition of religion.\nQuestion: In order to deduce the above conclusions logically, it is necessary to assume which of the following is the premise?\n A. If a proposition can be proved to be true by observation or experiment, its truth can be known.\n B. Observation or experiment alone cannot confirm the truth of any proposition.\n C. To know the truth of a proposition, it needs to be proved to be true through observation or experiment.\n D. People determine the authenticity of religious propositions through faith.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:202"}
{"index": 213, "query": "There must be an outside world, because if there is something outside me that can shine or reflect, shining the light into my eyes, which gives me a visual experience, I ca n\u2019t see the buildings, the crowds and the stars these things.And, not only have visual experience like me, but others also have such visual experience; book knowledge also tells us repeatedly that there is an outside world outside of us.\nQuestion: Which of the following does not constitute doubt or rebuttal to the above argument?\n A. To use sensory evidence to explain the existence of the external world requires presupposing the existence of the external world in the mind.\n B. How do you prove that others have similar visual experience to you?\n C. Since the visual experience is reliable, Mirage is not a so-called illusion, but a real existence.\n D. If there is no external world and natural science knowledge is not a true reflection of it, then why does natural science achieve such great success in practice?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "There must be an outside world, because if there is something outside me that can shine or reflect, shining the light into my eyes, which gives me a visual experience, I ca n\u2019t see the buildings, the crowds and the stars these things.And, not only have visual experience like me, but others also have such visual experience; book knowledge also tells us repeatedly that there is an outside world outside of us.\nQuestion: Which of the following does not constitute doubt or rebuttal to the above argument?\n A. To use sensory evidence to explain the existence of the external world requires presupposing the existence of the external world in the mind.\n B. How do you prove that others have similar visual experience to you?\n C. Since the visual experience is reliable, Mirage is not a so-called illusion, but a real existence.\n D. If there is no external world and natural science knowledge is not a true reflection of it, then why does natural science achieve such great success in practice?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There must be an outside world, because if there is something outside me that can shine or reflect, shining the light into my eyes, which gives me a visual experience, I ca n\u2019t see the buildings, the crowds and the stars these things.And, not only have visual experience like me, but others also have such visual experience; book knowledge also tells us repeatedly that there is an outside world outside of us.\nQuestion: Which of the following does not constitute doubt or rebuttal to the above argument?\n A. To use sensory evidence to explain the existence of the external world requires presupposing the existence of the external world in the mind.\n B. How do you prove that others have similar visual experience to you?\n C. Since the visual experience is reliable, Mirage is not a so-called illusion, but a real existence.\n D. If there is no external world and natural science knowledge is not a true reflection of it, then why does natural science achieve such great success in practice?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There must be an outside world, because if there is something outside me that can shine or reflect, shining the light into my eyes, which gives me a visual experience, I ca n\u2019t see the buildings, the crowds and the stars these things.And, not only have visual experience like me, but others also have such visual experience; book knowledge also tells us repeatedly that there is an outside world outside of us.\nQuestion: Which of the following does not constitute doubt or rebuttal to the above argument?\n A. To use sensory evidence to explain the existence of the external world requires presupposing the existence of the external world in the mind.\n B. How do you prove that others have similar visual experience to you?\n C. Since the visual experience is reliable, Mirage is not a so-called illusion, but a real existence.\n D. If there is no external world and natural science knowledge is not a true reflection of it, then why does natural science achieve such great success in practice?\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:213"}
{"index": 124, "query": "Confucius said? \"Do not do what you don't want to do to others.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is not a logical inference from the above sentence?\n A. Only those who do what they want can do it to others.\n B. If you want, then give it to others.\n C. Don't treat others unless you want to.\n D. Whatever is applied to people should be what they want.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Confucius said? \"Do not do what you don't want to do to others.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is not a logical inference from the above sentence?\n A. Only those who do what they want can do it to others.\n B. If you want, then give it to others.\n C. Don't treat others unless you want to.\n D. Whatever is applied to people should be what they want.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Confucius said? \"Do not do what you don't want to do to others.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is not a logical inference from the above sentence?\n A. Only those who do what they want can do it to others.\n B. If you want, then give it to others.\n C. Don't treat others unless you want to.\n D. Whatever is applied to people should be what they want.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Confucius said? \"Do not do what you don't want to do to others.\"\nQuestion: Which of the following options is not a logical inference from the above sentence?\n A. Only those who do what they want can do it to others.\n B. If you want, then give it to others.\n C. Don't treat others unless you want to.\n D. Whatever is applied to people should be what they want.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:124"}
{"index": 249, "query": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: Which of the following is an acceptable arrangement for the first team's performance?\n A. Before? Q In? L After? N\n B. Before? L Middle? K After? Q\n C. Before? Q In? K After? P\n D. Before? G In? K After? P\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: Which of the following is an acceptable arrangement for the first team's performance?\n A. Before? Q In? L After? N\n B. Before? L Middle? K After? Q\n C. Before? Q In? K After? P\n D. Before? G In? K After? P\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: Which of the following is an acceptable arrangement for the first team's performance?\n A. Before? Q In? L After? N\n B. Before? L Middle? K After? Q\n C. Before? Q In? K After? P\n D. Before? G In? K After? P\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: Which of the following is an acceptable arrangement for the first team's performance?\n A. Before? Q In? L After? N\n B. Before? L Middle? K After? Q\n C. Before? Q In? K After? P\n D. Before? G In? K After? P\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:249"}
{"index": 33, "query": "To date, the oldest Homo sapiens remains have appeared in Africa, about 200,000 years ago.According to this, many scientists believe that humans originated in Africa, and Homo sapiens, the direct ancestor of modern people, evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago, and then slowly migrated northwards about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago , Crossing the Middle East to Europe and Asia, and gradually migrating to other parts of the world.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, can best refute the views of the above scientists?\n A. Modern Homo sapiens, living in the late Paleolithic period, about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago.There are hundreds of places where late Homo sapiens fossils or cultural sites have been found in our country\n B. In an archaeological excavation in South America, people discovered the fossils of Homo sapiens skulls that lived about 170,000 years ago\n C. Homo sapiens have the extraordinary ability to communicate with each other, make plans, and solve difficult problems\n D. Eight Homo sapiens teeth 400,000 years ago were discovered in the Qesem cave 12 km east of Tel Aviv, Israel\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "To date, the oldest Homo sapiens remains have appeared in Africa, about 200,000 years ago.According to this, many scientists believe that humans originated in Africa, and Homo sapiens, the direct ancestor of modern people, evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago, and then slowly migrated northwards about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago , Crossing the Middle East to Europe and Asia, and gradually migrating to other parts of the world.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, can best refute the views of the above scientists?\n A. Modern Homo sapiens, living in the late Paleolithic period, about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago.There are hundreds of places where late Homo sapiens fossils or cultural sites have been found in our country\n B. In an archaeological excavation in South America, people discovered the fossils of Homo sapiens skulls that lived about 170,000 years ago\n C. Homo sapiens have the extraordinary ability to communicate with each other, make plans, and solve difficult problems\n D. Eight Homo sapiens teeth 400,000 years ago were discovered in the Qesem cave 12 km east of Tel Aviv, Israel\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "To date, the oldest Homo sapiens remains have appeared in Africa, about 200,000 years ago.According to this, many scientists believe that humans originated in Africa, and Homo sapiens, the direct ancestor of modern people, evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago, and then slowly migrated northwards about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago , Crossing the Middle East to Europe and Asia, and gradually migrating to other parts of the world.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, can best refute the views of the above scientists?\n A. Modern Homo sapiens, living in the late Paleolithic period, about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago.There are hundreds of places where late Homo sapiens fossils or cultural sites have been found in our country\n B. In an archaeological excavation in South America, people discovered the fossils of Homo sapiens skulls that lived about 170,000 years ago\n C. Homo sapiens have the extraordinary ability to communicate with each other, make plans, and solve difficult problems\n D. Eight Homo sapiens teeth 400,000 years ago were discovered in the Qesem cave 12 km east of Tel Aviv, Israel\nAnswer:", "full_text": "To date, the oldest Homo sapiens remains have appeared in Africa, about 200,000 years ago.According to this, many scientists believe that humans originated in Africa, and Homo sapiens, the direct ancestor of modern people, evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago, and then slowly migrated northwards about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago , Crossing the Middle East to Europe and Asia, and gradually migrating to other parts of the world.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, can best refute the views of the above scientists?\n A. Modern Homo sapiens, living in the late Paleolithic period, about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago.There are hundreds of places where late Homo sapiens fossils or cultural sites have been found in our country\n B. In an archaeological excavation in South America, people discovered the fossils of Homo sapiens skulls that lived about 170,000 years ago\n C. Homo sapiens have the extraordinary ability to communicate with each other, make plans, and solve difficult problems\n D. Eight Homo sapiens teeth 400,000 years ago were discovered in the Qesem cave 12 km east of Tel Aviv, Israel\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:33"}
{"index": 118, "query": "People who participate in Taekwondo exercise are generally healthier than those who do not participate in Taekwondo exercise.Therefore, Taekwondo exercise helps improve health.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, is the most doubtful of the above conclusion?\n A. Every year, a small number of people are injured by accidents in Taekwondo.\n B. Taekwondo can train people's reaction ability and enhance people's agility.\n C. Only healthy people participate in Taekwondo.\n D. Men love taekwondo more than women.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "People who participate in Taekwondo exercise are generally healthier than those who do not participate in Taekwondo exercise.Therefore, Taekwondo exercise helps improve health.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, is the most doubtful of the above conclusion?\n A. Every year, a small number of people are injured by accidents in Taekwondo.\n B. Taekwondo can train people's reaction ability and enhance people's agility.\n C. Only healthy people participate in Taekwondo.\n D. Men love taekwondo more than women.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "People who participate in Taekwondo exercise are generally healthier than those who do not participate in Taekwondo exercise.Therefore, Taekwondo exercise helps improve health.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, is the most doubtful of the above conclusion?\n A. Every year, a small number of people are injured by accidents in Taekwondo.\n B. Taekwondo can train people's reaction ability and enhance people's agility.\n C. Only healthy people participate in Taekwondo.\n D. Men love taekwondo more than women.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "People who participate in Taekwondo exercise are generally healthier than those who do not participate in Taekwondo exercise.Therefore, Taekwondo exercise helps improve health.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, is the most doubtful of the above conclusion?\n A. Every year, a small number of people are injured by accidents in Taekwondo.\n B. Taekwondo can train people's reaction ability and enhance people's agility.\n C. Only healthy people participate in Taekwondo.\n D. Men love taekwondo more than women.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:118"}
{"index": 139, "query": "There are four assertions about a criminal case? (1) There is evidence that Chen Hu did not commit the crime; (2) The perpetrator is either Wang Guang, Chen Hu, or Zhu Tong; (3) There is also evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime; (4) The TV screen showed? At the time of the incident, Zhu Tong was in the auditorium of a football game away from the crime scene.\nQuestion: Which of the following is a correct description of the four assertions in the stem?\n A. It can be deduced from the above assertion? there is only one crime.\n B. At least one of the above assertions is false.\n C. From these assertions, it can be concluded that the evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime is false.\n D. Zhu Tong is definitely not in the audience of the football match.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "There are four assertions about a criminal case? (1) There is evidence that Chen Hu did not commit the crime; (2) The perpetrator is either Wang Guang, Chen Hu, or Zhu Tong; (3) There is also evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime; (4) The TV screen showed? At the time of the incident, Zhu Tong was in the auditorium of a football game away from the crime scene.\nQuestion: Which of the following is a correct description of the four assertions in the stem?\n A. It can be deduced from the above assertion? there is only one crime.\n B. At least one of the above assertions is false.\n C. From these assertions, it can be concluded that the evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime is false.\n D. Zhu Tong is definitely not in the audience of the football match.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are four assertions about a criminal case? (1) There is evidence that Chen Hu did not commit the crime; (2) The perpetrator is either Wang Guang, Chen Hu, or Zhu Tong; (3) There is also evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime; (4) The TV screen showed? At the time of the incident, Zhu Tong was in the auditorium of a football game away from the crime scene.\nQuestion: Which of the following is a correct description of the four assertions in the stem?\n A. It can be deduced from the above assertion? there is only one crime.\n B. At least one of the above assertions is false.\n C. From these assertions, it can be concluded that the evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime is false.\n D. Zhu Tong is definitely not in the audience of the football match.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are four assertions about a criminal case? (1) There is evidence that Chen Hu did not commit the crime; (2) The perpetrator is either Wang Guang, Chen Hu, or Zhu Tong; (3) There is also evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime; (4) The TV screen showed? At the time of the incident, Zhu Tong was in the auditorium of a football game away from the crime scene.\nQuestion: Which of the following is a correct description of the four assertions in the stem?\n A. It can be deduced from the above assertion? there is only one crime.\n B. At least one of the above assertions is false.\n C. From these assertions, it can be concluded that the evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime is false.\n D. Zhu Tong is definitely not in the audience of the football match.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 565, "query": "For all unethical behaviors, the following two statements hold? First, if they are implemented publicly, they hurt the public's feelings? Second, they will be accompanied by guilt.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. Every publicly guilty actor with guilt is immoral.\n B. Some unethical behaviors carried out in private will not be accompanied by guilt.\n C. Unethical behavior is wrong only because of guilt.\n D. If certain behaviors that hurt public feelings are carried out publicly, they will not be accompanied by guilt.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "For all unethical behaviors, the following two statements hold? First, if they are implemented publicly, they hurt the public's feelings? Second, they will be accompanied by guilt.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. Every publicly guilty actor with guilt is immoral.\n B. Some unethical behaviors carried out in private will not be accompanied by guilt.\n C. Unethical behavior is wrong only because of guilt.\n D. If certain behaviors that hurt public feelings are carried out publicly, they will not be accompanied by guilt.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For all unethical behaviors, the following two statements hold? First, if they are implemented publicly, they hurt the public's feelings? Second, they will be accompanied by guilt.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. Every publicly guilty actor with guilt is immoral.\n B. Some unethical behaviors carried out in private will not be accompanied by guilt.\n C. Unethical behavior is wrong only because of guilt.\n D. If certain behaviors that hurt public feelings are carried out publicly, they will not be accompanied by guilt.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For all unethical behaviors, the following two statements hold? First, if they are implemented publicly, they hurt the public's feelings? Second, they will be accompanied by guilt.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. Every publicly guilty actor with guilt is immoral.\n B. Some unethical behaviors carried out in private will not be accompanied by guilt.\n C. Unethical behavior is wrong only because of guilt.\n D. If certain behaviors that hurt public feelings are carried out publicly, they will not be accompanied by guilt.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:565"}
{"index": 376, "query": "Research shows that in university classrooms, 90% of people with severe insomnia often work until 2 am.Zhang Hong is a university teacher and often works until 2 am, so Zhang Hong is likely to be a severe insomniac.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements most accurately indicates the error in the above reasoning?\n A. It relies on an unconfirmed assumption? 90% of university teachers who often work until 2am are severe insomniacs.\n B. It does not take this situation into consideration? Zhang Hong may belong to those 10% of people who work regularly until 2am without suffering from severe insomnia.\n C. It does not take into account this situation? In addition to working regularly until 2 am, there are other causes of severe insomnia for university teachers.\n D. It relies on an unconfirmed hypothesis? Working regularly until 2 am is the only reason people suffer from severe insomnia.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Research shows that in university classrooms, 90% of people with severe insomnia often work until 2 am.Zhang Hong is a university teacher and often works until 2 am, so Zhang Hong is likely to be a severe insomniac.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements most accurately indicates the error in the above reasoning?\n A. It relies on an unconfirmed assumption? 90% of university teachers who often work until 2am are severe insomniacs.\n B. It does not take this situation into consideration? Zhang Hong may belong to those 10% of people who work regularly until 2am without suffering from severe insomnia.\n C. It does not take into account this situation? In addition to working regularly until 2 am, there are other causes of severe insomnia for university teachers.\n D. It relies on an unconfirmed hypothesis? Working regularly until 2 am is the only reason people suffer from severe insomnia.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Research shows that in university classrooms, 90% of people with severe insomnia often work until 2 am.Zhang Hong is a university teacher and often works until 2 am, so Zhang Hong is likely to be a severe insomniac.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements most accurately indicates the error in the above reasoning?\n A. It relies on an unconfirmed assumption? 90% of university teachers who often work until 2am are severe insomniacs.\n B. It does not take this situation into consideration? Zhang Hong may belong to those 10% of people who work regularly until 2am without suffering from severe insomnia.\n C. It does not take into account this situation? In addition to working regularly until 2 am, there are other causes of severe insomnia for university teachers.\n D. It relies on an unconfirmed hypothesis? Working regularly until 2 am is the only reason people suffer from severe insomnia.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Research shows that in university classrooms, 90% of people with severe insomnia often work until 2 am.Zhang Hong is a university teacher and often works until 2 am, so Zhang Hong is likely to be a severe insomniac.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements most accurately indicates the error in the above reasoning?\n A. It relies on an unconfirmed assumption? 90% of university teachers who often work until 2am are severe insomniacs.\n B. It does not take this situation into consideration? Zhang Hong may belong to those 10% of people who work regularly until 2am without suffering from severe insomnia.\n C. It does not take into account this situation? In addition to working regularly until 2 am, there are other causes of severe insomnia for university teachers.\n D. It relies on an unconfirmed hypothesis? Working regularly until 2 am is the only reason people suffer from severe insomnia.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:376"}
{"index": 88, "query": "According to a psychological theory, to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with those around him.However, the great painters in the world often spend most of their time in loneliness and have no intimate relationships.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is untenable.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most likely assumed by the above argument?\n A. The psychological theory is to reveal the relationship between inner experience and artistic achievement.\n B. People with intimate relationships have little time for loneliness.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for great painting artists.\n D. Artists who have achieved great achievements cannot be unhappy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "According to a psychological theory, to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with those around him.However, the great painters in the world often spend most of their time in loneliness and have no intimate relationships.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is untenable.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most likely assumed by the above argument?\n A. The psychological theory is to reveal the relationship between inner experience and artistic achievement.\n B. People with intimate relationships have little time for loneliness.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for great painting artists.\n D. Artists who have achieved great achievements cannot be unhappy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "According to a psychological theory, to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with those around him.However, the great painters in the world often spend most of their time in loneliness and have no intimate relationships.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is untenable.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most likely assumed by the above argument?\n A. The psychological theory is to reveal the relationship between inner experience and artistic achievement.\n B. People with intimate relationships have little time for loneliness.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for great painting artists.\n D. Artists who have achieved great achievements cannot be unhappy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "According to a psychological theory, to be happy, one must maintain an intimate relationship with those around him.However, the great painters in the world often spend most of their time in loneliness and have no intimate relationships.Therefore, the above argument of this psychological theory is untenable.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most likely assumed by the above argument?\n A. The psychological theory is to reveal the relationship between inner experience and artistic achievement.\n B. People with intimate relationships have little time for loneliness.\n C. Loneliness is necessary for great painting artists.\n D. Artists who have achieved great achievements cannot be unhappy.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 600, "query": "There are 7 outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z in a school.During the summer vacation, the school will send them to the United Kingdom and the United States for inspection.The school has only 7 students participating in this activity, and each person happens to go to one of these two countries.Considering the specialty of each student, this activity must meet the following conditions? (1) If G goes to the UK, then H To the United States.(2) If L goes to the UK, both M and U go to the US.(3) The country w went to was different from the country Z went to.(4) The country where U goes is different from the country where G goes.(5) If Z goes to the UK, then H also goes to the UK.\nQuestion: If G goes to the United States, which of the following must be true?\n A. H go to the UK\n B. L go to America\n C. M go to the UK\n D. W go to America\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "There are 7 outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z in a school.During the summer vacation, the school will send them to the United Kingdom and the United States for inspection.The school has only 7 students participating in this activity, and each person happens to go to one of these two countries.Considering the specialty of each student, this activity must meet the following conditions? (1) If G goes to the UK, then H To the United States.(2) If L goes to the UK, both M and U go to the US.(3) The country w went to was different from the country Z went to.(4) The country where U goes is different from the country where G goes.(5) If Z goes to the UK, then H also goes to the UK.\nQuestion: If G goes to the United States, which of the following must be true?\n A. H go to the UK\n B. L go to America\n C. M go to the UK\n D. W go to America\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 7 outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z in a school.During the summer vacation, the school will send them to the United Kingdom and the United States for inspection.The school has only 7 students participating in this activity, and each person happens to go to one of these two countries.Considering the specialty of each student, this activity must meet the following conditions? (1) If G goes to the UK, then H To the United States.(2) If L goes to the UK, both M and U go to the US.(3) The country w went to was different from the country Z went to.(4) The country where U goes is different from the country where G goes.(5) If Z goes to the UK, then H also goes to the UK.\nQuestion: If G goes to the United States, which of the following must be true?\n A. H go to the UK\n B. L go to America\n C. M go to the UK\n D. W go to America\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 7 outstanding students G, H, L, M, U, W and Z in a school.During the summer vacation, the school will send them to the United Kingdom and the United States for inspection.The school has only 7 students participating in this activity, and each person happens to go to one of these two countries.Considering the specialty of each student, this activity must meet the following conditions? (1) If G goes to the UK, then H To the United States.(2) If L goes to the UK, both M and U go to the US.(3) The country w went to was different from the country Z went to.(4) The country where U goes is different from the country where G goes.(5) If Z goes to the UK, then H also goes to the UK.\nQuestion: If G goes to the United States, which of the following must be true?\n A. H go to the UK\n B. L go to America\n C. M go to the UK\n D. W go to America\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:600"}
{"index": 619, "query": "In the noise, it is the responsibility of social managers to salvage the sunk sounds as much as possible.With the power of the government, maintaining the right of expression of the vulnerable groups so that their interests can be expressed normally through institutionalized and standardized channels is the key to building a harmonious society.Only in this way can \"speaking\" and \"voicing\" not only be the basic means of expressing demands, but also become an important link in fostering a healthy social mentality and a solid foundation for long-term social stability.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above argument be most strongly supported?\n A. Some disadvantaged people lack medical treatment and medicine, and even do not get enough food and clothing.\n B. The vulnerable are the \u201csilent majority\u201d in society.Once they are really angry, their power is enough to subvert the entire state machine.\n C. The appeals of some disadvantaged people cannot be expressed and satisfied for a long time, and they are susceptible to various mental diseases.\n D. Even in countries like the United States, there are many disadvantaged people who have no food and no place to live.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In the noise, it is the responsibility of social managers to salvage the sunk sounds as much as possible.With the power of the government, maintaining the right of expression of the vulnerable groups so that their interests can be expressed normally through institutionalized and standardized channels is the key to building a harmonious society.Only in this way can \"speaking\" and \"voicing\" not only be the basic means of expressing demands, but also become an important link in fostering a healthy social mentality and a solid foundation for long-term social stability.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above argument be most strongly supported?\n A. Some disadvantaged people lack medical treatment and medicine, and even do not get enough food and clothing.\n B. The vulnerable are the \u201csilent majority\u201d in society.Once they are really angry, their power is enough to subvert the entire state machine.\n C. The appeals of some disadvantaged people cannot be expressed and satisfied for a long time, and they are susceptible to various mental diseases.\n D. Even in countries like the United States, there are many disadvantaged people who have no food and no place to live.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In the noise, it is the responsibility of social managers to salvage the sunk sounds as much as possible.With the power of the government, maintaining the right of expression of the vulnerable groups so that their interests can be expressed normally through institutionalized and standardized channels is the key to building a harmonious society.Only in this way can \"speaking\" and \"voicing\" not only be the basic means of expressing demands, but also become an important link in fostering a healthy social mentality and a solid foundation for long-term social stability.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above argument be most strongly supported?\n A. Some disadvantaged people lack medical treatment and medicine, and even do not get enough food and clothing.\n B. The vulnerable are the \u201csilent majority\u201d in society.Once they are really angry, their power is enough to subvert the entire state machine.\n C. The appeals of some disadvantaged people cannot be expressed and satisfied for a long time, and they are susceptible to various mental diseases.\n D. Even in countries like the United States, there are many disadvantaged people who have no food and no place to live.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In the noise, it is the responsibility of social managers to salvage the sunk sounds as much as possible.With the power of the government, maintaining the right of expression of the vulnerable groups so that their interests can be expressed normally through institutionalized and standardized channels is the key to building a harmonious society.Only in this way can \"speaking\" and \"voicing\" not only be the basic means of expressing demands, but also become an important link in fostering a healthy social mentality and a solid foundation for long-term social stability.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, will the above argument be most strongly supported?\n A. Some disadvantaged people lack medical treatment and medicine, and even do not get enough food and clothing.\n B. The vulnerable are the \u201csilent majority\u201d in society.Once they are really angry, their power is enough to subvert the entire state machine.\n C. The appeals of some disadvantaged people cannot be expressed and satisfied for a long time, and they are susceptible to various mental diseases.\n D. Even in countries like the United States, there are many disadvantaged people who have no food and no place to live.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:619"}
{"index": 284, "query": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If I is at a position north of G, which of the following states that positioning is true?\n A. E is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n B. G is adjacent to F and to the north of F\n C. I is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n D. E is adjacent to F and to the north of F\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If I is at a position north of G, which of the following states that positioning is true?\n A. E is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n B. G is adjacent to F and to the north of F\n C. I is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n D. E is adjacent to F and to the north of F\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If I is at a position north of G, which of the following states that positioning is true?\n A. E is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n B. G is adjacent to F and to the north of F\n C. I is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n D. E is adjacent to F and to the north of F\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If I is at a position north of G, which of the following states that positioning is true?\n A. E is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n B. G is adjacent to F and to the north of F\n C. I is adjacent to G and to the north of G\n D. E is adjacent to F and to the north of F\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:284"}
{"index": 453, "query": "When a musicologist bought a mobile phone number in a communication store, he found that a number was more than half cheaper than the others, and asked the clerk, \"Why is this?\" The clerk said, \"This number is not good.\" It turns out that the mantissa of this number is 1414, and many people taboo its homonym \"to die\".But the musician started to sing, and it was indeed trembling, the homonym was \"all hair and hair\" and I was very happy to buy this number.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements cannot be supported?\n A. It is foolish to taboo or accept the meaning implied by digital homophony.\n B. The meaning implied by digital homophony will affect the behavior of buying numbers.\n C. People can attach different ideas to the same number.\n D. The meaning implied by the number and its homophony is not unique.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "When a musicologist bought a mobile phone number in a communication store, he found that a number was more than half cheaper than the others, and asked the clerk, \"Why is this?\" The clerk said, \"This number is not good.\" It turns out that the mantissa of this number is 1414, and many people taboo its homonym \"to die\".But the musician started to sing, and it was indeed trembling, the homonym was \"all hair and hair\" and I was very happy to buy this number.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements cannot be supported?\n A. It is foolish to taboo or accept the meaning implied by digital homophony.\n B. The meaning implied by digital homophony will affect the behavior of buying numbers.\n C. People can attach different ideas to the same number.\n D. The meaning implied by the number and its homophony is not unique.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "When a musicologist bought a mobile phone number in a communication store, he found that a number was more than half cheaper than the others, and asked the clerk, \"Why is this?\" The clerk said, \"This number is not good.\" It turns out that the mantissa of this number is 1414, and many people taboo its homonym \"to die\".But the musician started to sing, and it was indeed trembling, the homonym was \"all hair and hair\" and I was very happy to buy this number.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements cannot be supported?\n A. It is foolish to taboo or accept the meaning implied by digital homophony.\n B. The meaning implied by digital homophony will affect the behavior of buying numbers.\n C. People can attach different ideas to the same number.\n D. The meaning implied by the number and its homophony is not unique.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "When a musicologist bought a mobile phone number in a communication store, he found that a number was more than half cheaper than the others, and asked the clerk, \"Why is this?\" The clerk said, \"This number is not good.\" It turns out that the mantissa of this number is 1414, and many people taboo its homonym \"to die\".But the musician started to sing, and it was indeed trembling, the homonym was \"all hair and hair\" and I was very happy to buy this number.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements cannot be supported?\n A. It is foolish to taboo or accept the meaning implied by digital homophony.\n B. The meaning implied by digital homophony will affect the behavior of buying numbers.\n C. People can attach different ideas to the same number.\n D. The meaning implied by the number and its homophony is not unique.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:453"}
{"index": 591, "query": "A music producer is recording 7 albums one after another? F, G, H, J, K, L and M, but it is not necessary to record in this order.When arranging the sequence of recording these 7 albums, the following conditions must be met? (l) F must be ranked second.(2) J cannot be ranked seventh.(3) G can neither be directly in front of H nor immediately after H.(4) H must be somewhere in front of L.(5) L must be somewhere before M.\nQuestion: Which of the following can be the order of recording these 7 records from 1 to 7?\n A. F, K, G, L, H, J, M\n B. G, F, H, K, L, J, M\n C. G, F, H, K, L, M, J\n D. K, F, G, H, J, L, M\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A music producer is recording 7 albums one after another? F, G, H, J, K, L and M, but it is not necessary to record in this order.When arranging the sequence of recording these 7 albums, the following conditions must be met? (l) F must be ranked second.(2) J cannot be ranked seventh.(3) G can neither be directly in front of H nor immediately after H.(4) H must be somewhere in front of L.(5) L must be somewhere before M.\nQuestion: Which of the following can be the order of recording these 7 records from 1 to 7?\n A. F, K, G, L, H, J, M\n B. G, F, H, K, L, J, M\n C. G, F, H, K, L, M, J\n D. K, F, G, H, J, L, M\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A music producer is recording 7 albums one after another? F, G, H, J, K, L and M, but it is not necessary to record in this order.When arranging the sequence of recording these 7 albums, the following conditions must be met? (l) F must be ranked second.(2) J cannot be ranked seventh.(3) G can neither be directly in front of H nor immediately after H.(4) H must be somewhere in front of L.(5) L must be somewhere before M.\nQuestion: Which of the following can be the order of recording these 7 records from 1 to 7?\n A. F, K, G, L, H, J, M\n B. G, F, H, K, L, J, M\n C. G, F, H, K, L, M, J\n D. K, F, G, H, J, L, M\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A music producer is recording 7 albums one after another? F, G, H, J, K, L and M, but it is not necessary to record in this order.When arranging the sequence of recording these 7 albums, the following conditions must be met? (l) F must be ranked second.(2) J cannot be ranked seventh.(3) G can neither be directly in front of H nor immediately after H.(4) H must be somewhere in front of L.(5) L must be somewhere before M.\nQuestion: Which of the following can be the order of recording these 7 records from 1 to 7?\n A. F, K, G, L, H, J, M\n B. G, F, H, K, L, J, M\n C. G, F, H, K, L, M, J\n D. K, F, G, H, J, L, M\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:591"}
{"index": 180, "query": "Research shows that people who rarely take antibiotics have a stronger immune system than people who take antibiotics regularly.However, there is no evidence that taking antibiotics weakens the immune system.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if correct, will best reconcile the inconsistencies between the information in the question?\n A. Some people often take antibiotics because their doctors prescribe antibiotics for both viral and bacterial infections.\n B. People with strong immunity rarely contract diseases that people usually treat with antibiotics.\n C. Despite the many side effects of antibiotics, some people still use these drugs.\n D. People with poor immunity can hardly recover from bacterial infections without taking antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Research shows that people who rarely take antibiotics have a stronger immune system than people who take antibiotics regularly.However, there is no evidence that taking antibiotics weakens the immune system.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if correct, will best reconcile the inconsistencies between the information in the question?\n A. Some people often take antibiotics because their doctors prescribe antibiotics for both viral and bacterial infections.\n B. People with strong immunity rarely contract diseases that people usually treat with antibiotics.\n C. Despite the many side effects of antibiotics, some people still use these drugs.\n D. People with poor immunity can hardly recover from bacterial infections without taking antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Research shows that people who rarely take antibiotics have a stronger immune system than people who take antibiotics regularly.However, there is no evidence that taking antibiotics weakens the immune system.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if correct, will best reconcile the inconsistencies between the information in the question?\n A. Some people often take antibiotics because their doctors prescribe antibiotics for both viral and bacterial infections.\n B. People with strong immunity rarely contract diseases that people usually treat with antibiotics.\n C. Despite the many side effects of antibiotics, some people still use these drugs.\n D. People with poor immunity can hardly recover from bacterial infections without taking antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Research shows that people who rarely take antibiotics have a stronger immune system than people who take antibiotics regularly.However, there is no evidence that taking antibiotics weakens the immune system.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if correct, will best reconcile the inconsistencies between the information in the question?\n A. Some people often take antibiotics because their doctors prescribe antibiotics for both viral and bacterial infections.\n B. People with strong immunity rarely contract diseases that people usually treat with antibiotics.\n C. Despite the many side effects of antibiotics, some people still use these drugs.\n D. People with poor immunity can hardly recover from bacterial infections without taking antibiotics.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:180"}
{"index": 331, "query": "Xiao Zhao? \"The stock and fund markets have been very active in recent months.Have you become a shareholder or a base investor?\" Xiao Wang? \"I can only tell you that I bought at least one of the stocks and funds; if I do n\u2019t buy Fund, then I do n\u2019t buy stocks.\"\nQuestion: If Xiao Wang told Xiao Zhao all the truth, which of the following must be true?\n A. Xiao Wang bought stocks.\n B. Xiao Wang didn't buy stocks.\n C. Xiao Wang bought the fund.\n D. Xiao Wang didn't buy a fund.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Xiao Zhao? \"The stock and fund markets have been very active in recent months.Have you become a shareholder or a base investor?\" Xiao Wang? \"I can only tell you that I bought at least one of the stocks and funds; if I do n\u2019t buy Fund, then I do n\u2019t buy stocks.\"\nQuestion: If Xiao Wang told Xiao Zhao all the truth, which of the following must be true?\n A. Xiao Wang bought stocks.\n B. Xiao Wang didn't buy stocks.\n C. Xiao Wang bought the fund.\n D. Xiao Wang didn't buy a fund.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Xiao Zhao? \"The stock and fund markets have been very active in recent months.Have you become a shareholder or a base investor?\" Xiao Wang? \"I can only tell you that I bought at least one of the stocks and funds; if I do n\u2019t buy Fund, then I do n\u2019t buy stocks.\"\nQuestion: If Xiao Wang told Xiao Zhao all the truth, which of the following must be true?\n A. Xiao Wang bought stocks.\n B. Xiao Wang didn't buy stocks.\n C. Xiao Wang bought the fund.\n D. Xiao Wang didn't buy a fund.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Xiao Zhao? \"The stock and fund markets have been very active in recent months.Have you become a shareholder or a base investor?\" Xiao Wang? \"I can only tell you that I bought at least one of the stocks and funds; if I do n\u2019t buy Fund, then I do n\u2019t buy stocks.\"\nQuestion: If Xiao Wang told Xiao Zhao all the truth, which of the following must be true?\n A. Xiao Wang bought stocks.\n B. Xiao Wang didn't buy stocks.\n C. Xiao Wang bought the fund.\n D. Xiao Wang didn't buy a fund.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:331"}
{"index": 540, "query": "Statistics show that those who perpetually practice Tai Chi have the same average life expectancy as those who never practice Tai Chi.This shows that Tai Chi can't strengthen your body and prolong life.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one can weaken the above argument most powerfully?\n A. Some athletes are physically strong, but their life expectancy is lower than that of ordinary people.\n B. Tai Chi movement is gentle and soothing, persevering all year round, it can relieve muscles and promote blood circulation, nourish qi and calm the mind.\n C. Among those who insist on playing Tai Chi all the year round, there are many frail and sick people.\n D. Tai Chi exercise is easy to develop, and there are no requirements for the venue and the physical fitness of athletes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Statistics show that those who perpetually practice Tai Chi have the same average life expectancy as those who never practice Tai Chi.This shows that Tai Chi can't strengthen your body and prolong life.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one can weaken the above argument most powerfully?\n A. Some athletes are physically strong, but their life expectancy is lower than that of ordinary people.\n B. Tai Chi movement is gentle and soothing, persevering all year round, it can relieve muscles and promote blood circulation, nourish qi and calm the mind.\n C. Among those who insist on playing Tai Chi all the year round, there are many frail and sick people.\n D. Tai Chi exercise is easy to develop, and there are no requirements for the venue and the physical fitness of athletes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Statistics show that those who perpetually practice Tai Chi have the same average life expectancy as those who never practice Tai Chi.This shows that Tai Chi can't strengthen your body and prolong life.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one can weaken the above argument most powerfully?\n A. Some athletes are physically strong, but their life expectancy is lower than that of ordinary people.\n B. Tai Chi movement is gentle and soothing, persevering all year round, it can relieve muscles and promote blood circulation, nourish qi and calm the mind.\n C. Among those who insist on playing Tai Chi all the year round, there are many frail and sick people.\n D. Tai Chi exercise is easy to develop, and there are no requirements for the venue and the physical fitness of athletes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Statistics show that those who perpetually practice Tai Chi have the same average life expectancy as those who never practice Tai Chi.This shows that Tai Chi can't strengthen your body and prolong life.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one can weaken the above argument most powerfully?\n A. Some athletes are physically strong, but their life expectancy is lower than that of ordinary people.\n B. Tai Chi movement is gentle and soothing, persevering all year round, it can relieve muscles and promote blood circulation, nourish qi and calm the mind.\n C. Among those who insist on playing Tai Chi all the year round, there are many frail and sick people.\n D. Tai Chi exercise is easy to develop, and there are no requirements for the venue and the physical fitness of athletes.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:540"}
{"index": 457, "query": "Laws protecting wild animal populations should not be compulsorily applied to hunting activities that depend on the capture of wild animals but do not threaten the continuation of wild animal populations\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one is the strongest proof of the justification of the above principle?\n A. For any profit-taking purpose of capturing wild animals, the Wildlife Protection Law should be enforced\n B. Although the eyeglass cord is protected by law, the act of killing the eyeglass cord due to the threat to human life will not be punished by law\n C. The Inuit in the northernmost part of the polar region feed on bowhead whales, and the number of bowhead whales captured is much lower than the number of newly survived bowhead whales each year.\n D. Humans have hunted elephants for thousands of years and have not extinct the elephant populations, so it is not necessary to enforce laws protecting wild elephants\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Laws protecting wild animal populations should not be compulsorily applied to hunting activities that depend on the capture of wild animals but do not threaten the continuation of wild animal populations\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one is the strongest proof of the justification of the above principle?\n A. For any profit-taking purpose of capturing wild animals, the Wildlife Protection Law should be enforced\n B. Although the eyeglass cord is protected by law, the act of killing the eyeglass cord due to the threat to human life will not be punished by law\n C. The Inuit in the northernmost part of the polar region feed on bowhead whales, and the number of bowhead whales captured is much lower than the number of newly survived bowhead whales each year.\n D. Humans have hunted elephants for thousands of years and have not extinct the elephant populations, so it is not necessary to enforce laws protecting wild elephants\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Laws protecting wild animal populations should not be compulsorily applied to hunting activities that depend on the capture of wild animals but do not threaten the continuation of wild animal populations\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one is the strongest proof of the justification of the above principle?\n A. For any profit-taking purpose of capturing wild animals, the Wildlife Protection Law should be enforced\n B. Although the eyeglass cord is protected by law, the act of killing the eyeglass cord due to the threat to human life will not be punished by law\n C. The Inuit in the northernmost part of the polar region feed on bowhead whales, and the number of bowhead whales captured is much lower than the number of newly survived bowhead whales each year.\n D. Humans have hunted elephants for thousands of years and have not extinct the elephant populations, so it is not necessary to enforce laws protecting wild elephants\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Laws protecting wild animal populations should not be compulsorily applied to hunting activities that depend on the capture of wild animals but do not threaten the continuation of wild animal populations\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one is the strongest proof of the justification of the above principle?\n A. For any profit-taking purpose of capturing wild animals, the Wildlife Protection Law should be enforced\n B. Although the eyeglass cord is protected by law, the act of killing the eyeglass cord due to the threat to human life will not be punished by law\n C. The Inuit in the northernmost part of the polar region feed on bowhead whales, and the number of bowhead whales captured is much lower than the number of newly survived bowhead whales each year.\n D. Humans have hunted elephants for thousands of years and have not extinct the elephant populations, so it is not necessary to enforce laws protecting wild elephants\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:457"}
{"index": 544, "query": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following warehouses may store goods L?\n A. Warehouse No.1\n B. Storehouse B.3\n C. Warehouse No.5\n D. Warehouse No.6\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following warehouses may store goods L?\n A. Warehouse No.1\n B. Storehouse B.3\n C. Warehouse No.5\n D. Warehouse No.6\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following warehouses may store goods L?\n A. Warehouse No.1\n B. Storehouse B.3\n C. Warehouse No.5\n D. Warehouse No.6\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: Which of the following warehouses may store goods L?\n A. Warehouse No.1\n B. Storehouse B.3\n C. Warehouse No.5\n D. Warehouse No.6\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:544"}
{"index": 467, "query": "Sophist? Because 6 is greater than 4, and 6 is less than 8, 6 is both large and small.\nQuestion: Which of the following ways of reasoning is most similar to the reasoning of the above-mentioned sophisters\n A. Because Laozi is more intelligent than Mencius, Laozi has a better view of goodness than Mencius.\n B. Because Zhang Qing drinks Tonghua glucose when he is healthy, it is sweet, and when he is sick, drinking Tonghua glucose is sour, so Tonghua glucose is both sweet and sour.\n C. Because Zhao Feng is taller than Li Tong, and Zhao Feng is shorter than Wang Lei, Zhao Feng is both tall and short\n D. Because a wooden stick is usually straight, but it looks curved in the water, this wooden stick is both straight and curved.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Sophist? Because 6 is greater than 4, and 6 is less than 8, 6 is both large and small.\nQuestion: Which of the following ways of reasoning is most similar to the reasoning of the above-mentioned sophisters\n A. Because Laozi is more intelligent than Mencius, Laozi has a better view of goodness than Mencius.\n B. Because Zhang Qing drinks Tonghua glucose when he is healthy, it is sweet, and when he is sick, drinking Tonghua glucose is sour, so Tonghua glucose is both sweet and sour.\n C. Because Zhao Feng is taller than Li Tong, and Zhao Feng is shorter than Wang Lei, Zhao Feng is both tall and short\n D. Because a wooden stick is usually straight, but it looks curved in the water, this wooden stick is both straight and curved.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Sophist? Because 6 is greater than 4, and 6 is less than 8, 6 is both large and small.\nQuestion: Which of the following ways of reasoning is most similar to the reasoning of the above-mentioned sophisters\n A. Because Laozi is more intelligent than Mencius, Laozi has a better view of goodness than Mencius.\n B. Because Zhang Qing drinks Tonghua glucose when he is healthy, it is sweet, and when he is sick, drinking Tonghua glucose is sour, so Tonghua glucose is both sweet and sour.\n C. Because Zhao Feng is taller than Li Tong, and Zhao Feng is shorter than Wang Lei, Zhao Feng is both tall and short\n D. Because a wooden stick is usually straight, but it looks curved in the water, this wooden stick is both straight and curved.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Sophist? Because 6 is greater than 4, and 6 is less than 8, 6 is both large and small.\nQuestion: Which of the following ways of reasoning is most similar to the reasoning of the above-mentioned sophisters\n A. Because Laozi is more intelligent than Mencius, Laozi has a better view of goodness than Mencius.\n B. Because Zhang Qing drinks Tonghua glucose when he is healthy, it is sweet, and when he is sick, drinking Tonghua glucose is sour, so Tonghua glucose is both sweet and sour.\n C. Because Zhao Feng is taller than Li Tong, and Zhao Feng is shorter than Wang Lei, Zhao Feng is both tall and short\n D. Because a wooden stick is usually straight, but it looks curved in the water, this wooden stick is both straight and curved.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:467"}
{"index": 408, "query": "Even the most experienced jewelry collectors will not buy diamonds based on their naked eye identification.They are worried that their eyes will be deceived by fakes.Since the most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish a fake from a real diamond with the naked eye, the fake has the same aesthetic enjoyment as the real one, and the two pieces of jewelry have the same value.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, which strongly supports the above argument?\n A. The most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish fakes from real diamonds.\n B. The most experienced jewelry collectors only collect jewelry that is more aesthetically pleasing.\n C. The value of a piece of jewelry depends largely on the needs of the market.\n D. The value of a piece of jewelry should be entirely determined by the aesthetic enjoyment it provides.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Even the most experienced jewelry collectors will not buy diamonds based on their naked eye identification.They are worried that their eyes will be deceived by fakes.Since the most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish a fake from a real diamond with the naked eye, the fake has the same aesthetic enjoyment as the real one, and the two pieces of jewelry have the same value.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, which strongly supports the above argument?\n A. The most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish fakes from real diamonds.\n B. The most experienced jewelry collectors only collect jewelry that is more aesthetically pleasing.\n C. The value of a piece of jewelry depends largely on the needs of the market.\n D. The value of a piece of jewelry should be entirely determined by the aesthetic enjoyment it provides.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Even the most experienced jewelry collectors will not buy diamonds based on their naked eye identification.They are worried that their eyes will be deceived by fakes.Since the most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish a fake from a real diamond with the naked eye, the fake has the same aesthetic enjoyment as the real one, and the two pieces of jewelry have the same value.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, which strongly supports the above argument?\n A. The most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish fakes from real diamonds.\n B. The most experienced jewelry collectors only collect jewelry that is more aesthetically pleasing.\n C. The value of a piece of jewelry depends largely on the needs of the market.\n D. The value of a piece of jewelry should be entirely determined by the aesthetic enjoyment it provides.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Even the most experienced jewelry collectors will not buy diamonds based on their naked eye identification.They are worried that their eyes will be deceived by fakes.Since the most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish a fake from a real diamond with the naked eye, the fake has the same aesthetic enjoyment as the real one, and the two pieces of jewelry have the same value.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, which strongly supports the above argument?\n A. The most experienced jewelry collectors cannot distinguish fakes from real diamonds.\n B. The most experienced jewelry collectors only collect jewelry that is more aesthetically pleasing.\n C. The value of a piece of jewelry depends largely on the needs of the market.\n D. The value of a piece of jewelry should be entirely determined by the aesthetic enjoyment it provides.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:408"}
{"index": 74, "query": "It is wrong to say that foods with a high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with a high content of refined sugar will cause obesity, and obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most similar to the above argument?\n A. It is wrong to say that Alexander is a Plato student.In fact, Alexander was a student of Aristotle, and Aristotle was a student of Plato.\n B. It is true that excessive fertilization is the main cause of lawn diseases and insect pests.Because excessive fertilization can cause the grass to grow madly, and the grass that grows madly has little resistance to diseases and insect pests.\n C. It is wrong for people who frequently participate in strenuous exercise to cause sudden death.Because the violent cause is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and vigorous exercise does not necessarily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.\n D. It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption.Because inferior gasoline can cause very normal aging of engine valves, and abnormal aging of motive valves can cause abnormal fuel consumption.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "It is wrong to say that foods with a high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with a high content of refined sugar will cause obesity, and obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most similar to the above argument?\n A. It is wrong to say that Alexander is a Plato student.In fact, Alexander was a student of Aristotle, and Aristotle was a student of Plato.\n B. It is true that excessive fertilization is the main cause of lawn diseases and insect pests.Because excessive fertilization can cause the grass to grow madly, and the grass that grows madly has little resistance to diseases and insect pests.\n C. It is wrong for people who frequently participate in strenuous exercise to cause sudden death.Because the violent cause is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and vigorous exercise does not necessarily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.\n D. It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption.Because inferior gasoline can cause very normal aging of engine valves, and abnormal aging of motive valves can cause abnormal fuel consumption.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is wrong to say that foods with a high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with a high content of refined sugar will cause obesity, and obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most similar to the above argument?\n A. It is wrong to say that Alexander is a Plato student.In fact, Alexander was a student of Aristotle, and Aristotle was a student of Plato.\n B. It is true that excessive fertilization is the main cause of lawn diseases and insect pests.Because excessive fertilization can cause the grass to grow madly, and the grass that grows madly has little resistance to diseases and insect pests.\n C. It is wrong for people who frequently participate in strenuous exercise to cause sudden death.Because the violent cause is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and vigorous exercise does not necessarily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.\n D. It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption.Because inferior gasoline can cause very normal aging of engine valves, and abnormal aging of motive valves can cause abnormal fuel consumption.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is wrong to say that foods with a high content of refined sugar will not cause acquired diabetes, because foods with a high content of refined sugar will cause obesity, and obesity is an important cause of acquired diabetes.\nQuestion: Which of the following is most similar to the above argument?\n A. It is wrong to say that Alexander is a Plato student.In fact, Alexander was a student of Aristotle, and Aristotle was a student of Plato.\n B. It is true that excessive fertilization is the main cause of lawn diseases and insect pests.Because excessive fertilization can cause the grass to grow madly, and the grass that grows madly has little resistance to diseases and insect pests.\n C. It is wrong for people who frequently participate in strenuous exercise to cause sudden death.Because the violent cause is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and vigorous exercise does not necessarily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.\n D. It is wrong to say that inferior gasoline will not cause abnormal fuel consumption.Because inferior gasoline can cause very normal aging of engine valves, and abnormal aging of motive valves can cause abnormal fuel consumption.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:74"}
{"index": 576, "query": "Many netizens have doubts about the proposal to solve the pension gap problem by delaying the retirement age.They believe that leaving elderly people who should be retired in their positions will squeeze the employment space of young people and increase the difficulty of finding jobs for young people.The problem.Experts explained that the late retirees are both producers and consumers, and their consumption can create new jobs.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one strongly questioned the expert's interpretation?\n A. Delaying the retirement age will be opposed by people working in private enterprises.\n B. Only by stimulating economic development can the unemployment rate be radically reduced.\n C. The pension gap stems from the unreasonable design of China's pension system.\n D. The expert's explanation is based on the unproven assumption that the spending power of working seniors is significantly higher than that of retired peers.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Many netizens have doubts about the proposal to solve the pension gap problem by delaying the retirement age.They believe that leaving elderly people who should be retired in their positions will squeeze the employment space of young people and increase the difficulty of finding jobs for young people.The problem.Experts explained that the late retirees are both producers and consumers, and their consumption can create new jobs.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one strongly questioned the expert's interpretation?\n A. Delaying the retirement age will be opposed by people working in private enterprises.\n B. Only by stimulating economic development can the unemployment rate be radically reduced.\n C. The pension gap stems from the unreasonable design of China's pension system.\n D. The expert's explanation is based on the unproven assumption that the spending power of working seniors is significantly higher than that of retired peers.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many netizens have doubts about the proposal to solve the pension gap problem by delaying the retirement age.They believe that leaving elderly people who should be retired in their positions will squeeze the employment space of young people and increase the difficulty of finding jobs for young people.The problem.Experts explained that the late retirees are both producers and consumers, and their consumption can create new jobs.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one strongly questioned the expert's interpretation?\n A. Delaying the retirement age will be opposed by people working in private enterprises.\n B. Only by stimulating economic development can the unemployment rate be radically reduced.\n C. The pension gap stems from the unreasonable design of China's pension system.\n D. The expert's explanation is based on the unproven assumption that the spending power of working seniors is significantly higher than that of retired peers.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many netizens have doubts about the proposal to solve the pension gap problem by delaying the retirement age.They believe that leaving elderly people who should be retired in their positions will squeeze the employment space of young people and increase the difficulty of finding jobs for young people.The problem.Experts explained that the late retirees are both producers and consumers, and their consumption can create new jobs.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one strongly questioned the expert's interpretation?\n A. Delaying the retirement age will be opposed by people working in private enterprises.\n B. Only by stimulating economic development can the unemployment rate be radically reduced.\n C. The pension gap stems from the unreasonable design of China's pension system.\n D. The expert's explanation is based on the unproven assumption that the spending power of working seniors is significantly higher than that of retired peers.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:576"}
{"index": 441, "query": "In the past 100 years, in the Dali Lake area, a long-term drought has shrunk a lot of grassy wetlands into saline land.The grassy wetland is where ducks, geese and other species of waterbirds nest and hatch.However, with the continuous shrinkage of the wetlands, the average rate of decline in the number of red ducks in this area is far lower than the average rate of decline in the number of swans.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, gives the best explanation for the inconsistency above?\n A. Red ducks hatch 8 to 10 eggs per nest, and swans hatch 2 to 3 eggs per nest.The survival rate is about the same.\n B. The strengthening of environmental protection measures has slowed down the average decline in the number of red ducks, swans and other species of waterbirds.\n C. Both red ducks and swans are migratory birds, and red ducks are more likely to be killed during the migration process.\n D. In addition to the wetlands, red ducks gradually learned to nest in tree caves and cliff caves, but swan failed to do so.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "In the past 100 years, in the Dali Lake area, a long-term drought has shrunk a lot of grassy wetlands into saline land.The grassy wetland is where ducks, geese and other species of waterbirds nest and hatch.However, with the continuous shrinkage of the wetlands, the average rate of decline in the number of red ducks in this area is far lower than the average rate of decline in the number of swans.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, gives the best explanation for the inconsistency above?\n A. Red ducks hatch 8 to 10 eggs per nest, and swans hatch 2 to 3 eggs per nest.The survival rate is about the same.\n B. The strengthening of environmental protection measures has slowed down the average decline in the number of red ducks, swans and other species of waterbirds.\n C. Both red ducks and swans are migratory birds, and red ducks are more likely to be killed during the migration process.\n D. In addition to the wetlands, red ducks gradually learned to nest in tree caves and cliff caves, but swan failed to do so.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In the past 100 years, in the Dali Lake area, a long-term drought has shrunk a lot of grassy wetlands into saline land.The grassy wetland is where ducks, geese and other species of waterbirds nest and hatch.However, with the continuous shrinkage of the wetlands, the average rate of decline in the number of red ducks in this area is far lower than the average rate of decline in the number of swans.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, gives the best explanation for the inconsistency above?\n A. Red ducks hatch 8 to 10 eggs per nest, and swans hatch 2 to 3 eggs per nest.The survival rate is about the same.\n B. The strengthening of environmental protection measures has slowed down the average decline in the number of red ducks, swans and other species of waterbirds.\n C. Both red ducks and swans are migratory birds, and red ducks are more likely to be killed during the migration process.\n D. In addition to the wetlands, red ducks gradually learned to nest in tree caves and cliff caves, but swan failed to do so.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In the past 100 years, in the Dali Lake area, a long-term drought has shrunk a lot of grassy wetlands into saline land.The grassy wetland is where ducks, geese and other species of waterbirds nest and hatch.However, with the continuous shrinkage of the wetlands, the average rate of decline in the number of red ducks in this area is far lower than the average rate of decline in the number of swans.\nQuestion: If which of the following statements is true, gives the best explanation for the inconsistency above?\n A. Red ducks hatch 8 to 10 eggs per nest, and swans hatch 2 to 3 eggs per nest.The survival rate is about the same.\n B. The strengthening of environmental protection measures has slowed down the average decline in the number of red ducks, swans and other species of waterbirds.\n C. Both red ducks and swans are migratory birds, and red ducks are more likely to be killed during the migration process.\n D. In addition to the wetlands, red ducks gradually learned to nest in tree caves and cliff caves, but swan failed to do so.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:441"}
{"index": 29, "query": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Tang Xiaohua is selected, which two of the following must be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen and Guo Yanran\n B. Guo Yanran and He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen and He Zhilian\n D. Fang Rufen and He Zhilian\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Tang Xiaohua is selected, which two of the following must be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen and Guo Yanran\n B. Guo Yanran and He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen and He Zhilian\n D. Fang Rufen and He Zhilian\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Tang Xiaohua is selected, which two of the following must be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen and Guo Yanran\n B. Guo Yanran and He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen and He Zhilian\n D. Fang Rufen and He Zhilian\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A certain class intends to select two of three girls from Fang Rufen, Guo Yanran, He Zhilian, and three from five boys, including Peng Youwen, Qiu Zhijie, Ren Xiangyang, Song Wenkai, and Tang Xiaohua, to form a five-person support group for university students to volunteer teaching in the mountains.Requirements? (1) Guo Yanran and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time; (2) Peng Youwen and Song Kaiwen are not selected at the same time; (3) Qiu Zhijie and Tang Xiaohua are not selected at the same time.\nQuestion: If Tang Xiaohua is selected, which two of the following must be selected?\n A. Fang Rufen and Guo Yanran\n B. Guo Yanran and He Zhilian\n C. Peng Youwen and He Zhilian\n D. Fang Rufen and He Zhilian\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:29"}
{"index": 339, "query": "Cicero in ancient Rome once said? \"Elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health.\" The Italian Renaissance humanitarian Lorenzo Barra emphasized that health is a precious quality and a \"natural gift\" Is a gift from nature.He wrote? \"Many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy.\"\nQuestion: The following items can be derived from Loren Barra \u2019s exposition, except?\n A. No unhealthy person is beautiful.\n B. Some healthy people are beautiful\n C. Some beautiful people are not healthy.\n D. Some people who are not beautiful are healthy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Cicero in ancient Rome once said? \"Elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health.\" The Italian Renaissance humanitarian Lorenzo Barra emphasized that health is a precious quality and a \"natural gift\" Is a gift from nature.He wrote? \"Many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy.\"\nQuestion: The following items can be derived from Loren Barra \u2019s exposition, except?\n A. No unhealthy person is beautiful.\n B. Some healthy people are beautiful\n C. Some beautiful people are not healthy.\n D. Some people who are not beautiful are healthy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Cicero in ancient Rome once said? \"Elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health.\" The Italian Renaissance humanitarian Lorenzo Barra emphasized that health is a precious quality and a \"natural gift\" Is a gift from nature.He wrote? \"Many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy.\"\nQuestion: The following items can be derived from Loren Barra \u2019s exposition, except?\n A. No unhealthy person is beautiful.\n B. Some healthy people are beautiful\n C. Some beautiful people are not healthy.\n D. Some people who are not beautiful are healthy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Cicero in ancient Rome once said? \"Elegance and beauty cannot be separated from health.\" The Italian Renaissance humanitarian Lorenzo Barra emphasized that health is a precious quality and a \"natural gift\" Is a gift from nature.He wrote? \"Many healthy people are not beautiful, but no beautiful person is unhealthy.\"\nQuestion: The following items can be derived from Loren Barra \u2019s exposition, except?\n A. No unhealthy person is beautiful.\n B. Some healthy people are beautiful\n C. Some beautiful people are not healthy.\n D. Some people who are not beautiful are healthy.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:339"}
{"index": 250, "query": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: If G is in team 1, which pair of magicians can be in team 1?\n A. K and L\n B. K and P\n C. L and N\n D. L and Q\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: If G is in team 1, which pair of magicians can be in team 1?\n A. K and L\n B. K and P\n C. L and N\n D. L and Q\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: If G is in team 1, which pair of magicians can be in team 1?\n A. K and L\n B. K and P\n C. L and N\n D. L and Q\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a magic show, from the seven magicians-G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, choose 6 people to play, and the performance is divided into two teams? 1 team and 2 teams.Each team consists of three positions? front, middle, and back.The magicians on the field happen to occupy one position each.The choice and location of the magician must meet the following conditions? (1) If G or H is arranged to play, they must be in the front.Bit.(2) If K is scheduled to play, he must be in the middle.(3) If L is scheduled to play, he must be on team 1.(4) Neither P nor K can be in the same team as N.(5) P cannot be in the same team as Q.(6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle of team 1.\nQuestion: If G is in team 1, which pair of magicians can be in team 1?\n A. K and L\n B. K and P\n C. L and N\n D. L and Q\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:250"}
{"index": 352, "query": "Which athlete does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it?\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. All American athletes, such as swimmer Phelps, want to perform on the Olympic stage.\n B. Some Jamaican athletes, such as sprinter Bolt, want to appear on the stage of the Olympics.\n C. China's 110-meter hurdler Liu Xiang does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it.\n D. Anyone, as long as he is an athlete, he wants to appear on the stage of the Olympic Games.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Which athlete does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it?\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. All American athletes, such as swimmer Phelps, want to perform on the Olympic stage.\n B. Some Jamaican athletes, such as sprinter Bolt, want to appear on the stage of the Olympics.\n C. China's 110-meter hurdler Liu Xiang does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it.\n D. Anyone, as long as he is an athlete, he wants to appear on the stage of the Olympic Games.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Which athlete does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it?\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. All American athletes, such as swimmer Phelps, want to perform on the Olympic stage.\n B. Some Jamaican athletes, such as sprinter Bolt, want to appear on the stage of the Olympics.\n C. China's 110-meter hurdler Liu Xiang does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it.\n D. Anyone, as long as he is an athlete, he wants to appear on the stage of the Olympic Games.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Which athlete does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it?\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be false?\n A. All American athletes, such as swimmer Phelps, want to perform on the Olympic stage.\n B. Some Jamaican athletes, such as sprinter Bolt, want to appear on the stage of the Olympics.\n C. China's 110-meter hurdler Liu Xiang does not want to appear on the stage of the Olympics and enjoy performing on it.\n D. Anyone, as long as he is an athlete, he wants to appear on the stage of the Olympic Games.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:352"}
{"index": 232, "query": "In a world of material surplus, some people die because of material shortage.This morally disgusting and intellectually absurd stupidity shocked and shamed me.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the obvious meaning of the above sentence?\n A. In a world of excess material, someone died because of a shortage of material because he was too lazy.\n B. In a world with excess material, someone died because of material shortage because he was stupid.\n C. From the two levels of morality and intelligence, we should have designed a distribution system so that each member of society can live a decent and dignified life.\n D. In a world of material surplus, someone died because of material shortage because of a defect in his personality.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In a world of material surplus, some people die because of material shortage.This morally disgusting and intellectually absurd stupidity shocked and shamed me.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the obvious meaning of the above sentence?\n A. In a world of excess material, someone died because of a shortage of material because he was too lazy.\n B. In a world with excess material, someone died because of material shortage because he was stupid.\n C. From the two levels of morality and intelligence, we should have designed a distribution system so that each member of society can live a decent and dignified life.\n D. In a world of material surplus, someone died because of material shortage because of a defect in his personality.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In a world of material surplus, some people die because of material shortage.This morally disgusting and intellectually absurd stupidity shocked and shamed me.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the obvious meaning of the above sentence?\n A. In a world of excess material, someone died because of a shortage of material because he was too lazy.\n B. In a world with excess material, someone died because of material shortage because he was stupid.\n C. From the two levels of morality and intelligence, we should have designed a distribution system so that each member of society can live a decent and dignified life.\n D. In a world of material surplus, someone died because of material shortage because of a defect in his personality.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In a world of material surplus, some people die because of material shortage.This morally disgusting and intellectually absurd stupidity shocked and shamed me.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the obvious meaning of the above sentence?\n A. In a world of excess material, someone died because of a shortage of material because he was too lazy.\n B. In a world with excess material, someone died because of material shortage because he was stupid.\n C. From the two levels of morality and intelligence, we should have designed a distribution system so that each member of society can live a decent and dignified life.\n D. In a world of material surplus, someone died because of material shortage because of a defect in his personality.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:232"}
{"index": 557, "query": "Consider three numbers? 0.9, 1, 1.1.The difference between the latter number and the previous one is only 0.1.If you let each number multiply 10 times with itself, 0.9 becomes 0.31, 1 is still 1, 1.1 becomes 2.85, which is nearly 10 times 0.31 and nearly 3 times 1.This is how the gap is created!\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions cannot be reasonably drawn from the above statement?\n A. A few centimeters are lost, thousands of miles away.\n B. Details determine success or failure, character determines fate.\n C. The continuous accumulation and amplification of small differences can produce huge differences.\n D. Everyone must be aware of every step in the life process? small wins may accumulate big wins, and small wins may make big mistakes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Consider three numbers? 0.9, 1, 1.1.The difference between the latter number and the previous one is only 0.1.If you let each number multiply 10 times with itself, 0.9 becomes 0.31, 1 is still 1, 1.1 becomes 2.85, which is nearly 10 times 0.31 and nearly 3 times 1.This is how the gap is created!\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions cannot be reasonably drawn from the above statement?\n A. A few centimeters are lost, thousands of miles away.\n B. Details determine success or failure, character determines fate.\n C. The continuous accumulation and amplification of small differences can produce huge differences.\n D. Everyone must be aware of every step in the life process? small wins may accumulate big wins, and small wins may make big mistakes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Consider three numbers? 0.9, 1, 1.1.The difference between the latter number and the previous one is only 0.1.If you let each number multiply 10 times with itself, 0.9 becomes 0.31, 1 is still 1, 1.1 becomes 2.85, which is nearly 10 times 0.31 and nearly 3 times 1.This is how the gap is created!\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions cannot be reasonably drawn from the above statement?\n A. A few centimeters are lost, thousands of miles away.\n B. Details determine success or failure, character determines fate.\n C. The continuous accumulation and amplification of small differences can produce huge differences.\n D. Everyone must be aware of every step in the life process? small wins may accumulate big wins, and small wins may make big mistakes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Consider three numbers? 0.9, 1, 1.1.The difference between the latter number and the previous one is only 0.1.If you let each number multiply 10 times with itself, 0.9 becomes 0.31, 1 is still 1, 1.1 becomes 2.85, which is nearly 10 times 0.31 and nearly 3 times 1.This is how the gap is created!\nQuestion: Which of the following conclusions cannot be reasonably drawn from the above statement?\n A. A few centimeters are lost, thousands of miles away.\n B. Details determine success or failure, character determines fate.\n C. The continuous accumulation and amplification of small differences can produce huge differences.\n D. Everyone must be aware of every step in the life process? small wins may accumulate big wins, and small wins may make big mistakes.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:557"}
{"index": 543, "query": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one warehouse between the warehouse where M is stored and the warehouse where G is stored, how many kinds of goods are stored in the warehouse?\n A. 2 rooms\n B. 3 rooms\n C. 4\n D. 5 rooms\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one warehouse between the warehouse where M is stored and the warehouse where G is stored, how many kinds of goods are stored in the warehouse?\n A. 2 rooms\n B. 3 rooms\n C. 4\n D. 5 rooms\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one warehouse between the warehouse where M is stored and the warehouse where G is stored, how many kinds of goods are stored in the warehouse?\n A. 2 rooms\n B. 3 rooms\n C. 4\n D. 5 rooms\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 6 warehouses in a warehouse, in order from 1 to 6.There are 6 kinds of goods F, G, L, M, P, T.Each warehouse stores exactly one of 6 kinds of goods, and different kinds of goods cannot be stored in the same warehouse.The following conditions must also be met when storing goods? (1) The warehouse number for storing G is larger than the warehouse number for storing L.(2) The warehouse number storing L is larger than the warehouse number storing T.(3) The warehouse number storing P is larger than the warehouse number storing F.(4) The warehouse storing T is next to the warehouse storing P.\nQuestion: If there is exactly one warehouse between the warehouse where M is stored and the warehouse where G is stored, how many kinds of goods are stored in the warehouse?\n A. 2 rooms\n B. 3 rooms\n C. 4\n D. 5 rooms\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:543"}
{"index": 319, "query": "Economist? If an enterprise can obtain an acceptable profit without the help of the government, then it has the ability to generate itself.If an enterprise cannot obtain normal profits in an open competitive market, then it has no self-reliance.Unless an enterprise has a policy burden, it will not receive government protection and subsidies.Since the state-owned enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it can make a profit even if it does not have the ability to generate itself.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If an enterprise does not have self-reliance, it will be eliminated in the competition.\n B. If an enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it will have a policy burden.\n C. If an enterprise has a policy burden, it can receive government protection and subsidies.\n D. In an open and competitive market, every enterprise has its own ability.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Economist? If an enterprise can obtain an acceptable profit without the help of the government, then it has the ability to generate itself.If an enterprise cannot obtain normal profits in an open competitive market, then it has no self-reliance.Unless an enterprise has a policy burden, it will not receive government protection and subsidies.Since the state-owned enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it can make a profit even if it does not have the ability to generate itself.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If an enterprise does not have self-reliance, it will be eliminated in the competition.\n B. If an enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it will have a policy burden.\n C. If an enterprise has a policy burden, it can receive government protection and subsidies.\n D. In an open and competitive market, every enterprise has its own ability.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Economist? If an enterprise can obtain an acceptable profit without the help of the government, then it has the ability to generate itself.If an enterprise cannot obtain normal profits in an open competitive market, then it has no self-reliance.Unless an enterprise has a policy burden, it will not receive government protection and subsidies.Since the state-owned enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it can make a profit even if it does not have the ability to generate itself.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If an enterprise does not have self-reliance, it will be eliminated in the competition.\n B. If an enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it will have a policy burden.\n C. If an enterprise has a policy burden, it can receive government protection and subsidies.\n D. In an open and competitive market, every enterprise has its own ability.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Economist? If an enterprise can obtain an acceptable profit without the help of the government, then it has the ability to generate itself.If an enterprise cannot obtain normal profits in an open competitive market, then it has no self-reliance.Unless an enterprise has a policy burden, it will not receive government protection and subsidies.Since the state-owned enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it can make a profit even if it does not have the ability to generate itself.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If an enterprise does not have self-reliance, it will be eliminated in the competition.\n B. If an enterprise has government protection and subsidies, it will have a policy burden.\n C. If an enterprise has a policy burden, it can receive government protection and subsidies.\n D. In an open and competitive market, every enterprise has its own ability.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:319"}
{"index": 164, "query": "Due to recent market changes, Green Island must increase productivity by 10% over the next two years, otherwise it will go bankrupt.In fact, from the perspective of Green Island's production and management structure, if it can increase productivity by 10%, then it can achieve the goal of increasing productivity by 20%.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If Green Island cannot achieve its goal of increasing productivity by 20%, it will go bankrupt.\n B. In the next two years, if Green Island increases productivity by 20%, it will not go bankrupt.\n C. If the market does not change, Green Island does not need to increase productivity to prevent bankruptcy.\n D. In the next two years, Green Island may increase productivity by 10%, but it is impossible to achieve the goal of increasing by 20%.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Due to recent market changes, Green Island must increase productivity by 10% over the next two years, otherwise it will go bankrupt.In fact, from the perspective of Green Island's production and management structure, if it can increase productivity by 10%, then it can achieve the goal of increasing productivity by 20%.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If Green Island cannot achieve its goal of increasing productivity by 20%, it will go bankrupt.\n B. In the next two years, if Green Island increases productivity by 20%, it will not go bankrupt.\n C. If the market does not change, Green Island does not need to increase productivity to prevent bankruptcy.\n D. In the next two years, Green Island may increase productivity by 10%, but it is impossible to achieve the goal of increasing by 20%.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Due to recent market changes, Green Island must increase productivity by 10% over the next two years, otherwise it will go bankrupt.In fact, from the perspective of Green Island's production and management structure, if it can increase productivity by 10%, then it can achieve the goal of increasing productivity by 20%.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If Green Island cannot achieve its goal of increasing productivity by 20%, it will go bankrupt.\n B. In the next two years, if Green Island increases productivity by 20%, it will not go bankrupt.\n C. If the market does not change, Green Island does not need to increase productivity to prevent bankruptcy.\n D. In the next two years, Green Island may increase productivity by 10%, but it is impossible to achieve the goal of increasing by 20%.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Due to recent market changes, Green Island must increase productivity by 10% over the next two years, otherwise it will go bankrupt.In fact, from the perspective of Green Island's production and management structure, if it can increase productivity by 10%, then it can achieve the goal of increasing productivity by 20%.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If Green Island cannot achieve its goal of increasing productivity by 20%, it will go bankrupt.\n B. In the next two years, if Green Island increases productivity by 20%, it will not go bankrupt.\n C. If the market does not change, Green Island does not need to increase productivity to prevent bankruptcy.\n D. In the next two years, Green Island may increase productivity by 10%, but it is impossible to achieve the goal of increasing by 20%.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:164"}
{"index": 286, "query": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If G and E are adjacent, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. E is somewhere north of G\n B. F is somewhere north of I\n C. G is somewhere north of E\n D. I is somewhere north of F\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If G and E are adjacent, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. E is somewhere north of G\n B. F is somewhere north of I\n C. G is somewhere north of E\n D. I is somewhere north of F\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If G and E are adjacent, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. E is somewhere north of G\n B. F is somewhere north of I\n C. G is somewhere north of E\n D. I is somewhere north of F\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: If G and E are adjacent, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. E is somewhere north of G\n B. F is somewhere north of I\n C. G is somewhere north of E\n D. I is somewhere north of F\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:286"}
{"index": 586, "query": "Placebo effect\" refers to the phenomenon of letting patients take fake drugs that have no effect at all without knowing it, but they can get the same or better effects than real drugs.The \"placebo effect\" has been supported by many clinical studies.One explanation for this phenomenon is that human expectations for the future will change the physiological state of the brain, which in turn will cause physiological changes throughout the body.\nQuestion: The following statements can support the above explanation, except\n A. The placebo effect is the result of a combination of factors.\n B. Placebo has no effect on Alzheimer's patients who have lost their expected future abilities.\n C. Some patients do not believe that the treatment will be effective.Although they have been treated normally, their condition has worsened.\n D. Inject the subject with normal saline and make him believe that it is an analgesic.The subject's brain then secretes the analgesic endorphin.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Placebo effect\" refers to the phenomenon of letting patients take fake drugs that have no effect at all without knowing it, but they can get the same or better effects than real drugs.The \"placebo effect\" has been supported by many clinical studies.One explanation for this phenomenon is that human expectations for the future will change the physiological state of the brain, which in turn will cause physiological changes throughout the body.\nQuestion: The following statements can support the above explanation, except\n A. The placebo effect is the result of a combination of factors.\n B. Placebo has no effect on Alzheimer's patients who have lost their expected future abilities.\n C. Some patients do not believe that the treatment will be effective.Although they have been treated normally, their condition has worsened.\n D. Inject the subject with normal saline and make him believe that it is an analgesic.The subject's brain then secretes the analgesic endorphin.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Placebo effect\" refers to the phenomenon of letting patients take fake drugs that have no effect at all without knowing it, but they can get the same or better effects than real drugs.The \"placebo effect\" has been supported by many clinical studies.One explanation for this phenomenon is that human expectations for the future will change the physiological state of the brain, which in turn will cause physiological changes throughout the body.\nQuestion: The following statements can support the above explanation, except\n A. The placebo effect is the result of a combination of factors.\n B. Placebo has no effect on Alzheimer's patients who have lost their expected future abilities.\n C. Some patients do not believe that the treatment will be effective.Although they have been treated normally, their condition has worsened.\n D. Inject the subject with normal saline and make him believe that it is an analgesic.The subject's brain then secretes the analgesic endorphin.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Placebo effect\" refers to the phenomenon of letting patients take fake drugs that have no effect at all without knowing it, but they can get the same or better effects than real drugs.The \"placebo effect\" has been supported by many clinical studies.One explanation for this phenomenon is that human expectations for the future will change the physiological state of the brain, which in turn will cause physiological changes throughout the body.\nQuestion: The following statements can support the above explanation, except\n A. The placebo effect is the result of a combination of factors.\n B. Placebo has no effect on Alzheimer's patients who have lost their expected future abilities.\n C. Some patients do not believe that the treatment will be effective.Although they have been treated normally, their condition has worsened.\n D. Inject the subject with normal saline and make him believe that it is an analgesic.The subject's brain then secretes the analgesic endorphin.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:586"}
{"index": 301, "query": "There are 7 candidates hired by Haier? F, G, H, I, W, X and Y.One of them needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department, and three to the sales department.The personnel allocation of these 7 employees must meet the following conditions? (1) H and Y must be allocated in the same department.(2) F and G cannot be allocated in the same department (3) If X is allocated in the sales department, W is allocated in the production department.(4) F must be allocated in the production department.\nQuestion: If X and F are assigned to the same department, which of the following statements cannot be true?\n A. G is assigned to the sales department\n B. H is assigned to the production department.\n C. I was assigned to the sales department.\n D. W is assigned to the public relations department.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "There are 7 candidates hired by Haier? F, G, H, I, W, X and Y.One of them needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department, and three to the sales department.The personnel allocation of these 7 employees must meet the following conditions? (1) H and Y must be allocated in the same department.(2) F and G cannot be allocated in the same department (3) If X is allocated in the sales department, W is allocated in the production department.(4) F must be allocated in the production department.\nQuestion: If X and F are assigned to the same department, which of the following statements cannot be true?\n A. G is assigned to the sales department\n B. H is assigned to the production department.\n C. I was assigned to the sales department.\n D. W is assigned to the public relations department.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 7 candidates hired by Haier? F, G, H, I, W, X and Y.One of them needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department, and three to the sales department.The personnel allocation of these 7 employees must meet the following conditions? (1) H and Y must be allocated in the same department.(2) F and G cannot be allocated in the same department (3) If X is allocated in the sales department, W is allocated in the production department.(4) F must be allocated in the production department.\nQuestion: If X and F are assigned to the same department, which of the following statements cannot be true?\n A. G is assigned to the sales department\n B. H is assigned to the production department.\n C. I was assigned to the sales department.\n D. W is assigned to the public relations department.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 7 candidates hired by Haier? F, G, H, I, W, X and Y.One of them needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department, and three to the sales department.The personnel allocation of these 7 employees must meet the following conditions? (1) H and Y must be allocated in the same department.(2) F and G cannot be allocated in the same department (3) If X is allocated in the sales department, W is allocated in the production department.(4) F must be allocated in the production department.\nQuestion: If X and F are assigned to the same department, which of the following statements cannot be true?\n A. G is assigned to the sales department\n B. H is assigned to the production department.\n C. I was assigned to the sales department.\n D. W is assigned to the public relations department.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:301"}
{"index": 369, "query": "The only way economists distinguish normal products from low-end products is to see how consumers respond to changes in income.If people's income increases, the demand for something becomes smaller, and such a thing is a low-end product.Similarly, if people's incomes decrease, their demand for low-end products will increase.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best matches the economist \u2019s description of the difference between normal and low-grade products?\n A. Poor students in the school often eat instant noodles, and they often go to restaurants after they find a job after graduation.For these students, instant noodles are inferior.\n B. In family life, as people's incomes decrease, the demand for table salt has not increased.There is no doubt that table salt is a low-grade product.\n C. In an increasingly aging community, the demand for gasoline is getting smaller and smaller, and the demand for home care services is growing.Compared with gasoline, home care services are inferior.\n D. When people's income increases, parents will buy a few more brand-name clothes for their children.When income decreases, they will buy less.Brand-name clothing is not a low-end product, nor a normal product, but a high-end product.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The only way economists distinguish normal products from low-end products is to see how consumers respond to changes in income.If people's income increases, the demand for something becomes smaller, and such a thing is a low-end product.Similarly, if people's incomes decrease, their demand for low-end products will increase.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best matches the economist \u2019s description of the difference between normal and low-grade products?\n A. Poor students in the school often eat instant noodles, and they often go to restaurants after they find a job after graduation.For these students, instant noodles are inferior.\n B. In family life, as people's incomes decrease, the demand for table salt has not increased.There is no doubt that table salt is a low-grade product.\n C. In an increasingly aging community, the demand for gasoline is getting smaller and smaller, and the demand for home care services is growing.Compared with gasoline, home care services are inferior.\n D. When people's income increases, parents will buy a few more brand-name clothes for their children.When income decreases, they will buy less.Brand-name clothing is not a low-end product, nor a normal product, but a high-end product.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The only way economists distinguish normal products from low-end products is to see how consumers respond to changes in income.If people's income increases, the demand for something becomes smaller, and such a thing is a low-end product.Similarly, if people's incomes decrease, their demand for low-end products will increase.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best matches the economist \u2019s description of the difference between normal and low-grade products?\n A. Poor students in the school often eat instant noodles, and they often go to restaurants after they find a job after graduation.For these students, instant noodles are inferior.\n B. In family life, as people's incomes decrease, the demand for table salt has not increased.There is no doubt that table salt is a low-grade product.\n C. In an increasingly aging community, the demand for gasoline is getting smaller and smaller, and the demand for home care services is growing.Compared with gasoline, home care services are inferior.\n D. When people's income increases, parents will buy a few more brand-name clothes for their children.When income decreases, they will buy less.Brand-name clothing is not a low-end product, nor a normal product, but a high-end product.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The only way economists distinguish normal products from low-end products is to see how consumers respond to changes in income.If people's income increases, the demand for something becomes smaller, and such a thing is a low-end product.Similarly, if people's incomes decrease, their demand for low-end products will increase.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best matches the economist \u2019s description of the difference between normal and low-grade products?\n A. Poor students in the school often eat instant noodles, and they often go to restaurants after they find a job after graduation.For these students, instant noodles are inferior.\n B. In family life, as people's incomes decrease, the demand for table salt has not increased.There is no doubt that table salt is a low-grade product.\n C. In an increasingly aging community, the demand for gasoline is getting smaller and smaller, and the demand for home care services is growing.Compared with gasoline, home care services are inferior.\n D. When people's income increases, parents will buy a few more brand-name clothes for their children.When income decreases, they will buy less.Brand-name clothing is not a low-end product, nor a normal product, but a high-end product.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:369"}
{"index": 77, "query": "Some college teachers have overseas doctorates, so some overseas doctors have a high level.\nQuestion: Which of the following can guarantee the correctness of the above statement?\n A. All college teachers have a very high level.\n B. Not all college teachers have a high level.\n C. Some college teachers have a very high level.\n D. All high-level teachers have overseas doctorate degrees.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Some college teachers have overseas doctorates, so some overseas doctors have a high level.\nQuestion: Which of the following can guarantee the correctness of the above statement?\n A. All college teachers have a very high level.\n B. Not all college teachers have a high level.\n C. Some college teachers have a very high level.\n D. All high-level teachers have overseas doctorate degrees.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some college teachers have overseas doctorates, so some overseas doctors have a high level.\nQuestion: Which of the following can guarantee the correctness of the above statement?\n A. All college teachers have a very high level.\n B. Not all college teachers have a high level.\n C. Some college teachers have a very high level.\n D. All high-level teachers have overseas doctorate degrees.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some college teachers have overseas doctorates, so some overseas doctors have a high level.\nQuestion: Which of the following can guarantee the correctness of the above statement?\n A. All college teachers have a very high level.\n B. Not all college teachers have a high level.\n C. Some college teachers have a very high level.\n D. All high-level teachers have overseas doctorate degrees.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:77"}
{"index": 650, "query": "A committee works for two years and consists of 4 people each year, of which 2 members are from the following 4 judges? F, G, H and I, and 2 members are from the following 3 scientists? V, Y and Z Every year, the committee has one member as chairman.Members who chaired in the first year must withdraw from the committee in the second year.The person who is chairman in the second year must be a member of the committee in the first year.The members of the committee must meet the following conditions? G and V cannot become members of the committee in the same year.H and Y cannot be members of the committee in the same year.Each year, one and only one of I and V is a member of the committee.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. H was a member of the committee in the first year.\n B. F was a member of the committee in the second year.\n C. I have been a member of the committee for two years.\n D. Z was a member of the committee the following year.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A committee works for two years and consists of 4 people each year, of which 2 members are from the following 4 judges? F, G, H and I, and 2 members are from the following 3 scientists? V, Y and Z Every year, the committee has one member as chairman.Members who chaired in the first year must withdraw from the committee in the second year.The person who is chairman in the second year must be a member of the committee in the first year.The members of the committee must meet the following conditions? G and V cannot become members of the committee in the same year.H and Y cannot be members of the committee in the same year.Each year, one and only one of I and V is a member of the committee.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. H was a member of the committee in the first year.\n B. F was a member of the committee in the second year.\n C. I have been a member of the committee for two years.\n D. Z was a member of the committee the following year.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A committee works for two years and consists of 4 people each year, of which 2 members are from the following 4 judges? F, G, H and I, and 2 members are from the following 3 scientists? V, Y and Z Every year, the committee has one member as chairman.Members who chaired in the first year must withdraw from the committee in the second year.The person who is chairman in the second year must be a member of the committee in the first year.The members of the committee must meet the following conditions? G and V cannot become members of the committee in the same year.H and Y cannot be members of the committee in the same year.Each year, one and only one of I and V is a member of the committee.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. H was a member of the committee in the first year.\n B. F was a member of the committee in the second year.\n C. I have been a member of the committee for two years.\n D. Z was a member of the committee the following year.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A committee works for two years and consists of 4 people each year, of which 2 members are from the following 4 judges? F, G, H and I, and 2 members are from the following 3 scientists? V, Y and Z Every year, the committee has one member as chairman.Members who chaired in the first year must withdraw from the committee in the second year.The person who is chairman in the second year must be a member of the committee in the first year.The members of the committee must meet the following conditions? G and V cannot become members of the committee in the same year.H and Y cannot be members of the committee in the same year.Each year, one and only one of I and V is a member of the committee.\nQuestion: Which of the following must be true?\n A. H was a member of the committee in the first year.\n B. F was a member of the committee in the second year.\n C. I have been a member of the committee for two years.\n D. Z was a member of the committee the following year.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:650"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If Jesse goes to Dalian, which of the following must be true?\n A. Anna went to Zhangjiajie.\n B. Li Shan went to Xi'an.\n C. Zhang Lin went to Dalian.\n D. John went to Hangzhou.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If Jesse goes to Dalian, which of the following must be true?\n A. Anna went to Zhangjiajie.\n B. Li Shan went to Xi'an.\n C. Zhang Lin went to Dalian.\n D. John went to Hangzhou.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If Jesse goes to Dalian, which of the following must be true?\n A. Anna went to Zhangjiajie.\n B. Li Shan went to Xi'an.\n C. Zhang Lin went to Dalian.\n D. John went to Hangzhou.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If Jesse goes to Dalian, which of the following must be true?\n A. Anna went to Zhangjiajie.\n B. Li Shan went to Xi'an.\n C. Zhang Lin went to Dalian.\n D. John went to Hangzhou.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 282, "query": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: The order of the five islands from north to south can be?\n A. E, G, I, F, H\n B. F, H, I, E, G\n C. G, E, I, F, H\n D. G, H, F, E, I\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: The order of the five islands from north to south can be?\n A. E, G, I, F, H\n B. F, H, I, E, G\n C. G, E, I, F, H\n D. G, H, F, E, I\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: The order of the five islands from north to south can be?\n A. E, G, I, F, H\n B. F, H, I, E, G\n C. G, E, I, F, H\n D. G, H, F, E, I\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are five volcanic islands E, F, G, H, and I in the east coast of a country.They are arranged in a straight line from north to south, and they are found? (1) F is adjacent to H and is on the north side of H.(2) I and E are adjacent.(3) G is somewhere in the north of F.\nQuestion: The order of the five islands from north to south can be?\n A. E, G, I, F, H\n B. F, H, I, E, G\n C. G, E, I, F, H\n D. G, H, F, E, I\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:282"}
{"index": 558, "query": "Economist? The personal income tax in the United States is a progressive tax, and the tax law is extremely complicated.People who want to pay taxes honestly often make mistakes in reporting because of misunderstandings; and those who deliberately avoid taxes always find loopholes in tax laws.Generally speaking, the size of tax avoidance space is directly proportional to the complexity of the tax system, and the level of tax avoidance capacity is directly proportional to the taxpayer's income level.Most of the tax avoidance space created by complex taxes will be used by the rich, making progressive taxation less than the degree of progress required by the tax law, and its function of regulating distribution is also greatly weakened.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one provides the strongest support for economists' above argument?\n A. When filing taxes, 60% of the people in the United States need to hire professionals to report on their behalf, and 22% need to use tax reporting software to help them calculate.\n B. The Americans proposed the idea of \u200b\u200b\"abolishing the progressive tax rate and implementing a single tax rate\" in 1981.\n C. From 1988 to 2006, the income of the richest one in the United States increased from 15% to 22% of the national income, but their average tax rate fell from 24% to 22.8%.\n D. On September 17, 2011, the Wall Street movement broke out in the United States.Demonstrators claimed to represent 99 people in the United States to protest the greed and corruption of the financial industry and social injustice.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Economist? The personal income tax in the United States is a progressive tax, and the tax law is extremely complicated.People who want to pay taxes honestly often make mistakes in reporting because of misunderstandings; and those who deliberately avoid taxes always find loopholes in tax laws.Generally speaking, the size of tax avoidance space is directly proportional to the complexity of the tax system, and the level of tax avoidance capacity is directly proportional to the taxpayer's income level.Most of the tax avoidance space created by complex taxes will be used by the rich, making progressive taxation less than the degree of progress required by the tax law, and its function of regulating distribution is also greatly weakened.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one provides the strongest support for economists' above argument?\n A. When filing taxes, 60% of the people in the United States need to hire professionals to report on their behalf, and 22% need to use tax reporting software to help them calculate.\n B. The Americans proposed the idea of \u200b\u200b\"abolishing the progressive tax rate and implementing a single tax rate\" in 1981.\n C. From 1988 to 2006, the income of the richest one in the United States increased from 15% to 22% of the national income, but their average tax rate fell from 24% to 22.8%.\n D. On September 17, 2011, the Wall Street movement broke out in the United States.Demonstrators claimed to represent 99 people in the United States to protest the greed and corruption of the financial industry and social injustice.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Economist? The personal income tax in the United States is a progressive tax, and the tax law is extremely complicated.People who want to pay taxes honestly often make mistakes in reporting because of misunderstandings; and those who deliberately avoid taxes always find loopholes in tax laws.Generally speaking, the size of tax avoidance space is directly proportional to the complexity of the tax system, and the level of tax avoidance capacity is directly proportional to the taxpayer's income level.Most of the tax avoidance space created by complex taxes will be used by the rich, making progressive taxation less than the degree of progress required by the tax law, and its function of regulating distribution is also greatly weakened.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one provides the strongest support for economists' above argument?\n A. When filing taxes, 60% of the people in the United States need to hire professionals to report on their behalf, and 22% need to use tax reporting software to help them calculate.\n B. The Americans proposed the idea of \u200b\u200b\"abolishing the progressive tax rate and implementing a single tax rate\" in 1981.\n C. From 1988 to 2006, the income of the richest one in the United States increased from 15% to 22% of the national income, but their average tax rate fell from 24% to 22.8%.\n D. On September 17, 2011, the Wall Street movement broke out in the United States.Demonstrators claimed to represent 99 people in the United States to protest the greed and corruption of the financial industry and social injustice.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Economist? The personal income tax in the United States is a progressive tax, and the tax law is extremely complicated.People who want to pay taxes honestly often make mistakes in reporting because of misunderstandings; and those who deliberately avoid taxes always find loopholes in tax laws.Generally speaking, the size of tax avoidance space is directly proportional to the complexity of the tax system, and the level of tax avoidance capacity is directly proportional to the taxpayer's income level.Most of the tax avoidance space created by complex taxes will be used by the rich, making progressive taxation less than the degree of progress required by the tax law, and its function of regulating distribution is also greatly weakened.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, which one provides the strongest support for economists' above argument?\n A. When filing taxes, 60% of the people in the United States need to hire professionals to report on their behalf, and 22% need to use tax reporting software to help them calculate.\n B. The Americans proposed the idea of \u200b\u200b\"abolishing the progressive tax rate and implementing a single tax rate\" in 1981.\n C. From 1988 to 2006, the income of the richest one in the United States increased from 15% to 22% of the national income, but their average tax rate fell from 24% to 22.8%.\n D. On September 17, 2011, the Wall Street movement broke out in the United States.Demonstrators claimed to represent 99 people in the United States to protest the greed and corruption of the financial industry and social injustice.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:558"}
{"index": 281, "query": "A university holds a Go game.After the first round of knockout, the six players who entered the second round are of equal strength, but they can still score points.In the two rounds that have been played, Chessman A defeats Chessman B, and Chesser B applauses Chessman C.Tomorrow, Chess Armor and C will play.\nQuestion: Please logically predict the result of the match based on the question?\n A. Chess armor will definitely win\n B. Chess player C will definitely win\n C. The two will be tied\n D. Chess armor is likely to win, but it is also possible to lose\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A university holds a Go game.After the first round of knockout, the six players who entered the second round are of equal strength, but they can still score points.In the two rounds that have been played, Chessman A defeats Chessman B, and Chesser B applauses Chessman C.Tomorrow, Chess Armor and C will play.\nQuestion: Please logically predict the result of the match based on the question?\n A. Chess armor will definitely win\n B. Chess player C will definitely win\n C. The two will be tied\n D. Chess armor is likely to win, but it is also possible to lose\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A university holds a Go game.After the first round of knockout, the six players who entered the second round are of equal strength, but they can still score points.In the two rounds that have been played, Chessman A defeats Chessman B, and Chesser B applauses Chessman C.Tomorrow, Chess Armor and C will play.\nQuestion: Please logically predict the result of the match based on the question?\n A. Chess armor will definitely win\n B. Chess player C will definitely win\n C. The two will be tied\n D. Chess armor is likely to win, but it is also possible to lose\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A university holds a Go game.After the first round of knockout, the six players who entered the second round are of equal strength, but they can still score points.In the two rounds that have been played, Chessman A defeats Chessman B, and Chesser B applauses Chessman C.Tomorrow, Chess Armor and C will play.\nQuestion: Please logically predict the result of the match based on the question?\n A. Chess armor will definitely win\n B. Chess player C will definitely win\n C. The two will be tied\n D. Chess armor is likely to win, but it is also possible to lose\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:281"}
{"index": 151, "query": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If the conclusion of the question is true, which two people cannot go to Hangzhou at the same time?\n A. Zhang Lin and Li Shan\n B. Li Shan and Anna\n C. Jesse and Anna\n D. Zhang Lin and Jessie\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If the conclusion of the question is true, which two people cannot go to Hangzhou at the same time?\n A. Zhang Lin and Li Shan\n B. Li Shan and Anna\n C. Jesse and Anna\n D. Zhang Lin and Jessie\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If the conclusion of the question is true, which two people cannot go to Hangzhou at the same time?\n A. Zhang Lin and Li Shan\n B. Li Shan and Anna\n C. Jesse and Anna\n D. Zhang Lin and Jessie\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Three Chinese students Zhang Lin, Zhao Qiang, Li Shan and three foreign students John, Jesse, and Anna went on a summer vacation.Alternative tourist destinations include Xi'an, Hangzhou, Dalian and Zhangjiajie.It is already known that? (1) each person can only go to one place; (2) wherever Chinese students go, foreign students must go; (3) where there are foreign students, Chinese students must go; (4) John went to Xi'an or Hangzhou, and Zhao Qiang went to Zhangjiajie.\nQuestion: If the conclusion of the question is true, which two people cannot go to Hangzhou at the same time?\n A. Zhang Lin and Li Shan\n B. Li Shan and Anna\n C. Jesse and Anna\n D. Zhang Lin and Jessie\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:151"}
{"index": 645, "query": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If O happens to be the week before J, which of the following must be true?\n A. Place F before O\n B. K is scheduled a week before G.\n C. R is scheduled for the first week or the second week.\n D. S happens to be the week after K.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If O happens to be the week before J, which of the following must be true?\n A. Place F before O\n B. K is scheduled a week before G.\n C. R is scheduled for the first week or the second week.\n D. S happens to be the week after K.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If O happens to be the week before J, which of the following must be true?\n A. Place F before O\n B. K is scheduled a week before G.\n C. R is scheduled for the first week or the second week.\n D. S happens to be the week after K.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A theater plans to perform 7 repertoires in the 7 weeks of the fall, they are F, G., J, K, O, R, S.One repertoire is performed every week, and each repertoire is exactly one week.The repertoire must meet the following conditions? (1) G must be performed in the third week.(2) O and S cannot perform continuously.(3) K must be arranged before J and S.(4) F and J must be arranged to perform in two consecutive weeks.\nQuestion: If O happens to be the week before J, which of the following must be true?\n A. Place F before O\n B. K is scheduled a week before G.\n C. R is scheduled for the first week or the second week.\n D. S happens to be the week after K.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:645"}
{"index": 359, "query": "In recent years, there has been a popular opinion in Western public opinion that the huge demand from China has caused the prices of oil, grain, steel and other raw materials to skyrocket.\nQuestion: If any of the following statements is true, can the biggest question be raised?\n A. Due to the promotion of agricultural technology, especially hybrid rice, China has greatly increased crop yields.\n B. From July to September this year, demand from China is still growing, but oil prices in the international market have fallen by nearly a third.\n C. Large investors in the United States are hoarding and buying large quantities of petroleum products and petroleum futures.\n D. With the development of India's economy, its people's demand for food products is increasing.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In recent years, there has been a popular opinion in Western public opinion that the huge demand from China has caused the prices of oil, grain, steel and other raw materials to skyrocket.\nQuestion: If any of the following statements is true, can the biggest question be raised?\n A. Due to the promotion of agricultural technology, especially hybrid rice, China has greatly increased crop yields.\n B. From July to September this year, demand from China is still growing, but oil prices in the international market have fallen by nearly a third.\n C. Large investors in the United States are hoarding and buying large quantities of petroleum products and petroleum futures.\n D. With the development of India's economy, its people's demand for food products is increasing.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In recent years, there has been a popular opinion in Western public opinion that the huge demand from China has caused the prices of oil, grain, steel and other raw materials to skyrocket.\nQuestion: If any of the following statements is true, can the biggest question be raised?\n A. Due to the promotion of agricultural technology, especially hybrid rice, China has greatly increased crop yields.\n B. From July to September this year, demand from China is still growing, but oil prices in the international market have fallen by nearly a third.\n C. Large investors in the United States are hoarding and buying large quantities of petroleum products and petroleum futures.\n D. With the development of India's economy, its people's demand for food products is increasing.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In recent years, there has been a popular opinion in Western public opinion that the huge demand from China has caused the prices of oil, grain, steel and other raw materials to skyrocket.\nQuestion: If any of the following statements is true, can the biggest question be raised?\n A. Due to the promotion of agricultural technology, especially hybrid rice, China has greatly increased crop yields.\n B. From July to September this year, demand from China is still growing, but oil prices in the international market have fallen by nearly a third.\n C. Large investors in the United States are hoarding and buying large quantities of petroleum products and petroleum futures.\n D. With the development of India's economy, its people's demand for food products is increasing.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:359"}
{"index": 561, "query": "Some people have argued that inquiry is impossible, because a person can neither explore what he knows nor what he does not know.He can't explore what he knows, because he knows it, no need to explore; he can't explore what he doesn't know, because he doesn't know what he wants to explore.\nQuestion: Which of the following most accurately points to the logical loophole of the argument?\n A. False preset? either you know what you are exploring, or you do n\u2019t know what you are exploring.\n B. Circular argument? Put the conclusion to be pre-arranged in the premise in advance.\n C. Strong words? rationally, the donkeys are poor, so they have to be irritated.\n D. Ambiguity fallacy? \"knowing\" has two different meanings? knowing the answer to the question being explored? knowing the question to be explored.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Some people have argued that inquiry is impossible, because a person can neither explore what he knows nor what he does not know.He can't explore what he knows, because he knows it, no need to explore; he can't explore what he doesn't know, because he doesn't know what he wants to explore.\nQuestion: Which of the following most accurately points to the logical loophole of the argument?\n A. False preset? either you know what you are exploring, or you do n\u2019t know what you are exploring.\n B. Circular argument? Put the conclusion to be pre-arranged in the premise in advance.\n C. Strong words? rationally, the donkeys are poor, so they have to be irritated.\n D. Ambiguity fallacy? \"knowing\" has two different meanings? knowing the answer to the question being explored? knowing the question to be explored.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some people have argued that inquiry is impossible, because a person can neither explore what he knows nor what he does not know.He can't explore what he knows, because he knows it, no need to explore; he can't explore what he doesn't know, because he doesn't know what he wants to explore.\nQuestion: Which of the following most accurately points to the logical loophole of the argument?\n A. False preset? either you know what you are exploring, or you do n\u2019t know what you are exploring.\n B. Circular argument? Put the conclusion to be pre-arranged in the premise in advance.\n C. Strong words? rationally, the donkeys are poor, so they have to be irritated.\n D. Ambiguity fallacy? \"knowing\" has two different meanings? knowing the answer to the question being explored? knowing the question to be explored.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some people have argued that inquiry is impossible, because a person can neither explore what he knows nor what he does not know.He can't explore what he knows, because he knows it, no need to explore; he can't explore what he doesn't know, because he doesn't know what he wants to explore.\nQuestion: Which of the following most accurately points to the logical loophole of the argument?\n A. False preset? either you know what you are exploring, or you do n\u2019t know what you are exploring.\n B. Circular argument? Put the conclusion to be pre-arranged in the premise in advance.\n C. Strong words? rationally, the donkeys are poor, so they have to be irritated.\n D. Ambiguity fallacy? \"knowing\" has two different meanings? knowing the answer to the question being explored? knowing the question to be explored.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:561"}
{"index": 552, "query": "The Fed has always wanted to launch the third quantitative easing monetary policy (QE3 for short) to promote the recovery of the US economy.If the Fed launches QE3, the global supply of dollars will increase substantially again, and countries have to buy dollar assets to maintain exchange rate stability.If countries buy dollar assets, they will increase their inflationary pressures.If they do not want to import inflation, each country has to let its currency appreciate.If the local currency appreciates, it will inhibit domestic exports and cause economic decline.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If the Fed launches QE3, if other countries want to avoid their own economic decline, they should not buy US dollar assets.\n B. Other countries are either facing the pressure of imported inflation or facing the risk of economic decline.\n C. If there is no imported inflation in other countries and there is no appreciation of the local currency, the Fed has not launched QE3.\n D. If other countries do not encounter the pressure of imported inflation, they will not let their currencies appreciate.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The Fed has always wanted to launch the third quantitative easing monetary policy (QE3 for short) to promote the recovery of the US economy.If the Fed launches QE3, the global supply of dollars will increase substantially again, and countries have to buy dollar assets to maintain exchange rate stability.If countries buy dollar assets, they will increase their inflationary pressures.If they do not want to import inflation, each country has to let its currency appreciate.If the local currency appreciates, it will inhibit domestic exports and cause economic decline.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If the Fed launches QE3, if other countries want to avoid their own economic decline, they should not buy US dollar assets.\n B. Other countries are either facing the pressure of imported inflation or facing the risk of economic decline.\n C. If there is no imported inflation in other countries and there is no appreciation of the local currency, the Fed has not launched QE3.\n D. If other countries do not encounter the pressure of imported inflation, they will not let their currencies appreciate.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Fed has always wanted to launch the third quantitative easing monetary policy (QE3 for short) to promote the recovery of the US economy.If the Fed launches QE3, the global supply of dollars will increase substantially again, and countries have to buy dollar assets to maintain exchange rate stability.If countries buy dollar assets, they will increase their inflationary pressures.If they do not want to import inflation, each country has to let its currency appreciate.If the local currency appreciates, it will inhibit domestic exports and cause economic decline.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If the Fed launches QE3, if other countries want to avoid their own economic decline, they should not buy US dollar assets.\n B. Other countries are either facing the pressure of imported inflation or facing the risk of economic decline.\n C. If there is no imported inflation in other countries and there is no appreciation of the local currency, the Fed has not launched QE3.\n D. If other countries do not encounter the pressure of imported inflation, they will not let their currencies appreciate.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Fed has always wanted to launch the third quantitative easing monetary policy (QE3 for short) to promote the recovery of the US economy.If the Fed launches QE3, the global supply of dollars will increase substantially again, and countries have to buy dollar assets to maintain exchange rate stability.If countries buy dollar assets, they will increase their inflationary pressures.If they do not want to import inflation, each country has to let its currency appreciate.If the local currency appreciates, it will inhibit domestic exports and cause economic decline.\nQuestion: If the above statement is true, which of the following statements must be true?\n A. If the Fed launches QE3, if other countries want to avoid their own economic decline, they should not buy US dollar assets.\n B. Other countries are either facing the pressure of imported inflation or facing the risk of economic decline.\n C. If there is no imported inflation in other countries and there is no appreciation of the local currency, the Fed has not launched QE3.\n D. If other countries do not encounter the pressure of imported inflation, they will not let their currencies appreciate.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:552"}
{"index": 157, "query": "There are six statements A.B, C, D, E, and F in a database, but this database is currently uncoordinated, and certain statements must be deleted to restore the coordination of the database.Known? (1) If statement A is retained, then statement B and statement C must be retained.(2) If statement E is retained, statement D and statement C must be deleted at the same time.(3) Statement F can only be retained if statement E is retained.(4) Statement A is important information and cannot be deleted.\nQuestion: If the above items are true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Keep statement E and delete statement C.\n B. At the same time retain the statement C and statement D.\n C. Keep statement E and delete statement D.\n D. Delete statement E and statement F at the same time.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "There are six statements A.B, C, D, E, and F in a database, but this database is currently uncoordinated, and certain statements must be deleted to restore the coordination of the database.Known? (1) If statement A is retained, then statement B and statement C must be retained.(2) If statement E is retained, statement D and statement C must be deleted at the same time.(3) Statement F can only be retained if statement E is retained.(4) Statement A is important information and cannot be deleted.\nQuestion: If the above items are true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Keep statement E and delete statement C.\n B. At the same time retain the statement C and statement D.\n C. Keep statement E and delete statement D.\n D. Delete statement E and statement F at the same time.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are six statements A.B, C, D, E, and F in a database, but this database is currently uncoordinated, and certain statements must be deleted to restore the coordination of the database.Known? (1) If statement A is retained, then statement B and statement C must be retained.(2) If statement E is retained, statement D and statement C must be deleted at the same time.(3) Statement F can only be retained if statement E is retained.(4) Statement A is important information and cannot be deleted.\nQuestion: If the above items are true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Keep statement E and delete statement C.\n B. At the same time retain the statement C and statement D.\n C. Keep statement E and delete statement D.\n D. Delete statement E and statement F at the same time.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are six statements A.B, C, D, E, and F in a database, but this database is currently uncoordinated, and certain statements must be deleted to restore the coordination of the database.Known? (1) If statement A is retained, then statement B and statement C must be retained.(2) If statement E is retained, statement D and statement C must be deleted at the same time.(3) Statement F can only be retained if statement E is retained.(4) Statement A is important information and cannot be deleted.\nQuestion: If the above items are true, which of the following must be true?\n A. Keep statement E and delete statement C.\n B. At the same time retain the statement C and statement D.\n C. Keep statement E and delete statement D.\n D. Delete statement E and statement F at the same time.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:157"}
{"index": 514, "query": "It is generally believed that human aesthetic judgment is subjective, and it is indeed the case in a short period of time.People often have big differences in the evaluation of contemporary art works.However, as time goes by, the subjective factors in aesthetics gradually disappear.When a work of art can continue to bring joy and beauty to people for centuries, just like Da Vinci's paintings and Bach's music, we can fairly objectively call it a great work.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best supports the above statement?\n A. When Leonardo and Bach were alive, people's evaluation of their works was different.\n B. It is difficult to make an objective determination of the value of contemporary art works.\n C. For the same work of art, people's evaluations in different times are very different.\n D. If critics agree on a contemporary art work, this work is a great work.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "It is generally believed that human aesthetic judgment is subjective, and it is indeed the case in a short period of time.People often have big differences in the evaluation of contemporary art works.However, as time goes by, the subjective factors in aesthetics gradually disappear.When a work of art can continue to bring joy and beauty to people for centuries, just like Da Vinci's paintings and Bach's music, we can fairly objectively call it a great work.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best supports the above statement?\n A. When Leonardo and Bach were alive, people's evaluation of their works was different.\n B. It is difficult to make an objective determination of the value of contemporary art works.\n C. For the same work of art, people's evaluations in different times are very different.\n D. If critics agree on a contemporary art work, this work is a great work.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is generally believed that human aesthetic judgment is subjective, and it is indeed the case in a short period of time.People often have big differences in the evaluation of contemporary art works.However, as time goes by, the subjective factors in aesthetics gradually disappear.When a work of art can continue to bring joy and beauty to people for centuries, just like Da Vinci's paintings and Bach's music, we can fairly objectively call it a great work.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best supports the above statement?\n A. When Leonardo and Bach were alive, people's evaluation of their works was different.\n B. It is difficult to make an objective determination of the value of contemporary art works.\n C. For the same work of art, people's evaluations in different times are very different.\n D. If critics agree on a contemporary art work, this work is a great work.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is generally believed that human aesthetic judgment is subjective, and it is indeed the case in a short period of time.People often have big differences in the evaluation of contemporary art works.However, as time goes by, the subjective factors in aesthetics gradually disappear.When a work of art can continue to bring joy and beauty to people for centuries, just like Da Vinci's paintings and Bach's music, we can fairly objectively call it a great work.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements best supports the above statement?\n A. When Leonardo and Bach were alive, people's evaluation of their works was different.\n B. It is difficult to make an objective determination of the value of contemporary art works.\n C. For the same work of art, people's evaluations in different times are very different.\n D. If critics agree on a contemporary art work, this work is a great work.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:514"}
{"index": 392, "query": "There are 7 athletes participating in the men's 5km finals? S, T, U, W, X, Y and Z.The costumes worn by athletes are either red or green.No athletes reach the finish line at the same time.The known information is as follows? Athletes who reach the finish line in succession are not all red.Y reached the end point at a time before T and W.Two athletes who reached the finish line before Y happened to be wearing red costumes.S is the sixth athlete to reach the finish line.Z reached the end at a certain moment before U.\nQuestion: Which of the following items (from left to right) may be the athlete's ranking from the first to the seventh to the finish line?\n A. X, Z, U, Y, W, S, T\n B. X, Y, Z, U, W, S, T\n C. Z, W, U, T, Y, S, X\n D. Z, U, T, Y, W, S, X\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "There are 7 athletes participating in the men's 5km finals? S, T, U, W, X, Y and Z.The costumes worn by athletes are either red or green.No athletes reach the finish line at the same time.The known information is as follows? Athletes who reach the finish line in succession are not all red.Y reached the end point at a time before T and W.Two athletes who reached the finish line before Y happened to be wearing red costumes.S is the sixth athlete to reach the finish line.Z reached the end at a certain moment before U.\nQuestion: Which of the following items (from left to right) may be the athlete's ranking from the first to the seventh to the finish line?\n A. X, Z, U, Y, W, S, T\n B. X, Y, Z, U, W, S, T\n C. Z, W, U, T, Y, S, X\n D. Z, U, T, Y, W, S, X\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are 7 athletes participating in the men's 5km finals? S, T, U, W, X, Y and Z.The costumes worn by athletes are either red or green.No athletes reach the finish line at the same time.The known information is as follows? Athletes who reach the finish line in succession are not all red.Y reached the end point at a time before T and W.Two athletes who reached the finish line before Y happened to be wearing red costumes.S is the sixth athlete to reach the finish line.Z reached the end at a certain moment before U.\nQuestion: Which of the following items (from left to right) may be the athlete's ranking from the first to the seventh to the finish line?\n A. X, Z, U, Y, W, S, T\n B. X, Y, Z, U, W, S, T\n C. Z, W, U, T, Y, S, X\n D. Z, U, T, Y, W, S, X\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are 7 athletes participating in the men's 5km finals? S, T, U, W, X, Y and Z.The costumes worn by athletes are either red or green.No athletes reach the finish line at the same time.The known information is as follows? Athletes who reach the finish line in succession are not all red.Y reached the end point at a time before T and W.Two athletes who reached the finish line before Y happened to be wearing red costumes.S is the sixth athlete to reach the finish line.Z reached the end at a certain moment before U.\nQuestion: Which of the following items (from left to right) may be the athlete's ranking from the first to the seventh to the finish line?\n A. X, Z, U, Y, W, S, T\n B. X, Y, Z, U, W, S, T\n C. Z, W, U, T, Y, S, X\n D. Z, U, T, Y, W, S, X\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:392"}
{"index": 351, "query": "A street comprehensive governance committee has 6 members? F, G, H, I, M and P.Each of these members must be a member of at least one of the three sub-committees under the Comprehensive Governance Committee.Each sub-committee is composed of 3 different members.The known information is as follows? one of the six members serves as a member of three subcommittees.F is not a member of the same subcommittee as G.H is not a member of the same subcommittee as I.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements must be true?\n A. One of F or G is a member of three subcommittees.\n B. One of H or I is a member of three subcommittees.\n C. P or M only serve on one subcommittee.\n D. One member happens to be a member of the two subcommittees.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "A street comprehensive governance committee has 6 members? F, G, H, I, M and P.Each of these members must be a member of at least one of the three sub-committees under the Comprehensive Governance Committee.Each sub-committee is composed of 3 different members.The known information is as follows? one of the six members serves as a member of three subcommittees.F is not a member of the same subcommittee as G.H is not a member of the same subcommittee as I.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements must be true?\n A. One of F or G is a member of three subcommittees.\n B. One of H or I is a member of three subcommittees.\n C. P or M only serve on one subcommittee.\n D. One member happens to be a member of the two subcommittees.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A street comprehensive governance committee has 6 members? F, G, H, I, M and P.Each of these members must be a member of at least one of the three sub-committees under the Comprehensive Governance Committee.Each sub-committee is composed of 3 different members.The known information is as follows? one of the six members serves as a member of three subcommittees.F is not a member of the same subcommittee as G.H is not a member of the same subcommittee as I.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements must be true?\n A. One of F or G is a member of three subcommittees.\n B. One of H or I is a member of three subcommittees.\n C. P or M only serve on one subcommittee.\n D. One member happens to be a member of the two subcommittees.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A street comprehensive governance committee has 6 members? F, G, H, I, M and P.Each of these members must be a member of at least one of the three sub-committees under the Comprehensive Governance Committee.Each sub-committee is composed of 3 different members.The known information is as follows? one of the six members serves as a member of three subcommittees.F is not a member of the same subcommittee as G.H is not a member of the same subcommittee as I.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements must be true?\n A. One of F or G is a member of three subcommittees.\n B. One of H or I is a member of three subcommittees.\n C. P or M only serve on one subcommittee.\n D. One member happens to be a member of the two subcommittees.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:351"}
{"index": 526, "query": "During the Second World War, the US and British Air Forces carried out a large bombing of Germany, and they also suffered heavy losses.Experts found that all returned planes were covered with bullet marks on the belly, but the wings were intact.They inferred from this that the belly of the aircraft was very vulnerable to artillery fire, and that the belly protection should be improved.It was later confirmed that these experts were affected by the \"survivor deviation\" when inferred, because the actual situation is that all the aircraft that were hit on the wing fell, and most of the aircraft that were only hit on the belly of the aircraft returned.\nQuestion: The following statements all have similar \"survivor bias\" except\n A. Beauty and handsome guys have a great advantage in the competition in the workplace.They are easy to get high-paying positions.\n B. It is easy to succeed when you drop out and start a business during college, for example, Bill Gates.\n C. Smoking may be beneficial to health and longevity.For example, Deng Xiaoping and Huang Yongyu are both old smokers, but they all live long.\n D. In a random sampling survey with a sufficiently large sample, it was found that in China, the most popular TV program is \"news broadcasting\".\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "During the Second World War, the US and British Air Forces carried out a large bombing of Germany, and they also suffered heavy losses.Experts found that all returned planes were covered with bullet marks on the belly, but the wings were intact.They inferred from this that the belly of the aircraft was very vulnerable to artillery fire, and that the belly protection should be improved.It was later confirmed that these experts were affected by the \"survivor deviation\" when inferred, because the actual situation is that all the aircraft that were hit on the wing fell, and most of the aircraft that were only hit on the belly of the aircraft returned.\nQuestion: The following statements all have similar \"survivor bias\" except\n A. Beauty and handsome guys have a great advantage in the competition in the workplace.They are easy to get high-paying positions.\n B. It is easy to succeed when you drop out and start a business during college, for example, Bill Gates.\n C. Smoking may be beneficial to health and longevity.For example, Deng Xiaoping and Huang Yongyu are both old smokers, but they all live long.\n D. In a random sampling survey with a sufficiently large sample, it was found that in China, the most popular TV program is \"news broadcasting\".\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "During the Second World War, the US and British Air Forces carried out a large bombing of Germany, and they also suffered heavy losses.Experts found that all returned planes were covered with bullet marks on the belly, but the wings were intact.They inferred from this that the belly of the aircraft was very vulnerable to artillery fire, and that the belly protection should be improved.It was later confirmed that these experts were affected by the \"survivor deviation\" when inferred, because the actual situation is that all the aircraft that were hit on the wing fell, and most of the aircraft that were only hit on the belly of the aircraft returned.\nQuestion: The following statements all have similar \"survivor bias\" except\n A. Beauty and handsome guys have a great advantage in the competition in the workplace.They are easy to get high-paying positions.\n B. It is easy to succeed when you drop out and start a business during college, for example, Bill Gates.\n C. Smoking may be beneficial to health and longevity.For example, Deng Xiaoping and Huang Yongyu are both old smokers, but they all live long.\n D. In a random sampling survey with a sufficiently large sample, it was found that in China, the most popular TV program is \"news broadcasting\".\nAnswer:", "full_text": "During the Second World War, the US and British Air Forces carried out a large bombing of Germany, and they also suffered heavy losses.Experts found that all returned planes were covered with bullet marks on the belly, but the wings were intact.They inferred from this that the belly of the aircraft was very vulnerable to artillery fire, and that the belly protection should be improved.It was later confirmed that these experts were affected by the \"survivor deviation\" when inferred, because the actual situation is that all the aircraft that were hit on the wing fell, and most of the aircraft that were only hit on the belly of the aircraft returned.\nQuestion: The following statements all have similar \"survivor bias\" except\n A. Beauty and handsome guys have a great advantage in the competition in the workplace.They are easy to get high-paying positions.\n B. It is easy to succeed when you drop out and start a business during college, for example, Bill Gates.\n C. Smoking may be beneficial to health and longevity.For example, Deng Xiaoping and Huang Yongyu are both old smokers, but they all live long.\n D. In a random sampling survey with a sufficiently large sample, it was found that in China, the most popular TV program is \"news broadcasting\".\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:526"}
{"index": 252, "query": "Since 1993, sand and dust storms have frequently occurred in the Inner Mongolia region of our country, causing major economic losses.Some people think that sand and dust storms are caused by grassland degradation and desertification caused by climate drought.They are natural disasters, so they are inevitable.\nQuestion: If the following items are true, can the above opinions be questioned, except?\n A. In the 1950s, grass in Xilin Gol grassland in Inner Mongolia was as tall as a horse's belly, and now grass can't even cover mice.\n B. Opposite the degraded grasslands of Hulunbeier and Xilinguole in Inner Mongolia, the grasslands of Mongolian grassland are about 1 meter high.\n C. On the almost uninhabited border line of 10 kilometers wide between China and Mongolia, grass still maintains the height of the 1950s.\n D. The increase in dust storms is mainly due to human factors such as overloaded grazing and predatory management of grasslands.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Since 1993, sand and dust storms have frequently occurred in the Inner Mongolia region of our country, causing major economic losses.Some people think that sand and dust storms are caused by grassland degradation and desertification caused by climate drought.They are natural disasters, so they are inevitable.\nQuestion: If the following items are true, can the above opinions be questioned, except?\n A. In the 1950s, grass in Xilin Gol grassland in Inner Mongolia was as tall as a horse's belly, and now grass can't even cover mice.\n B. Opposite the degraded grasslands of Hulunbeier and Xilinguole in Inner Mongolia, the grasslands of Mongolian grassland are about 1 meter high.\n C. On the almost uninhabited border line of 10 kilometers wide between China and Mongolia, grass still maintains the height of the 1950s.\n D. The increase in dust storms is mainly due to human factors such as overloaded grazing and predatory management of grasslands.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Since 1993, sand and dust storms have frequently occurred in the Inner Mongolia region of our country, causing major economic losses.Some people think that sand and dust storms are caused by grassland degradation and desertification caused by climate drought.They are natural disasters, so they are inevitable.\nQuestion: If the following items are true, can the above opinions be questioned, except?\n A. In the 1950s, grass in Xilin Gol grassland in Inner Mongolia was as tall as a horse's belly, and now grass can't even cover mice.\n B. Opposite the degraded grasslands of Hulunbeier and Xilinguole in Inner Mongolia, the grasslands of Mongolian grassland are about 1 meter high.\n C. On the almost uninhabited border line of 10 kilometers wide between China and Mongolia, grass still maintains the height of the 1950s.\n D. The increase in dust storms is mainly due to human factors such as overloaded grazing and predatory management of grasslands.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Since 1993, sand and dust storms have frequently occurred in the Inner Mongolia region of our country, causing major economic losses.Some people think that sand and dust storms are caused by grassland degradation and desertification caused by climate drought.They are natural disasters, so they are inevitable.\nQuestion: If the following items are true, can the above opinions be questioned, except?\n A. In the 1950s, grass in Xilin Gol grassland in Inner Mongolia was as tall as a horse's belly, and now grass can't even cover mice.\n B. Opposite the degraded grasslands of Hulunbeier and Xilinguole in Inner Mongolia, the grasslands of Mongolian grassland are about 1 meter high.\n C. On the almost uninhabited border line of 10 kilometers wide between China and Mongolia, grass still maintains the height of the 1950s.\n D. The increase in dust storms is mainly due to human factors such as overloaded grazing and predatory management of grasslands.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:252"}
{"index": 314, "query": "A statistical survey of plastic surgery centers in a hospital in Nanjing shows that for children who choose to perform double eyelid, nose pad and other plastic surgery, the absolute support of up to 85% of parents, after the children do ideological work and agree to the child At 10%, parents \u2019total support for children \u2019s plastic surgery reached 95%, nearly double the support rate of 50% two years ago.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is most suitable as a conclusion derived from the above discussion?\n A. 95% of the children who had plastic surgery had their parents' consent.\n B. No more than 5% of parents strongly disagree with their children for plastic surgery.\n C. 10% of the children who had plastic surgery did ideological work for their parents.\n D. 95% of parents support their children to have plastic surgery.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A statistical survey of plastic surgery centers in a hospital in Nanjing shows that for children who choose to perform double eyelid, nose pad and other plastic surgery, the absolute support of up to 85% of parents, after the children do ideological work and agree to the child At 10%, parents \u2019total support for children \u2019s plastic surgery reached 95%, nearly double the support rate of 50% two years ago.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is most suitable as a conclusion derived from the above discussion?\n A. 95% of the children who had plastic surgery had their parents' consent.\n B. No more than 5% of parents strongly disagree with their children for plastic surgery.\n C. 10% of the children who had plastic surgery did ideological work for their parents.\n D. 95% of parents support their children to have plastic surgery.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A statistical survey of plastic surgery centers in a hospital in Nanjing shows that for children who choose to perform double eyelid, nose pad and other plastic surgery, the absolute support of up to 85% of parents, after the children do ideological work and agree to the child At 10%, parents \u2019total support for children \u2019s plastic surgery reached 95%, nearly double the support rate of 50% two years ago.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is most suitable as a conclusion derived from the above discussion?\n A. 95% of the children who had plastic surgery had their parents' consent.\n B. No more than 5% of parents strongly disagree with their children for plastic surgery.\n C. 10% of the children who had plastic surgery did ideological work for their parents.\n D. 95% of parents support their children to have plastic surgery.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A statistical survey of plastic surgery centers in a hospital in Nanjing shows that for children who choose to perform double eyelid, nose pad and other plastic surgery, the absolute support of up to 85% of parents, after the children do ideological work and agree to the child At 10%, parents \u2019total support for children \u2019s plastic surgery reached 95%, nearly double the support rate of 50% two years ago.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is most suitable as a conclusion derived from the above discussion?\n A. 95% of the children who had plastic surgery had their parents' consent.\n B. No more than 5% of parents strongly disagree with their children for plastic surgery.\n C. 10% of the children who had plastic surgery did ideological work for their parents.\n D. 95% of parents support their children to have plastic surgery.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:314"}
{"index": 25, "query": "Research has found that insects \u201cbreathe\u201d through the stomata system on their bodies.The stomata are connected to the trachea, and more and more layers of smaller and smaller air are attached from top to bottom, thereby bringing oxygen to the whole body.At the current level of oxygen in the atmosphere, the total length of the stomata system has reached the limit; if the total length exceeds this limit, the oxygen supply capacity will be insufficient.Therefore, it can be judged that the amount of oxygen content can determine the size of insects.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best support the above argument?\n A. Studies of invertebrates in the ocean have also found that in colder water and with higher oxygen content, the organisms there are also larger\n B. During the Carboniferous period, the concentration of oxygen in the earth \u2019s atmosphere was as high as 35%, much higher than the current 21%.At that time, there were many giant insects on the earth, and the wingspan of the dragonfly was close to one meter.\n C. Small locusts cannot survive in a low-oxygen environment, especially in an environment with an oxygen concentration below 15%.Adult locusts can survive in an environment with 2% oxygen\n D. Under the environment with high oxygen content and high air pressure, the tested fruit flies lived to the fifth generation and their body size increased by 20%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Research has found that insects \u201cbreathe\u201d through the stomata system on their bodies.The stomata are connected to the trachea, and more and more layers of smaller and smaller air are attached from top to bottom, thereby bringing oxygen to the whole body.At the current level of oxygen in the atmosphere, the total length of the stomata system has reached the limit; if the total length exceeds this limit, the oxygen supply capacity will be insufficient.Therefore, it can be judged that the amount of oxygen content can determine the size of insects.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best support the above argument?\n A. Studies of invertebrates in the ocean have also found that in colder water and with higher oxygen content, the organisms there are also larger\n B. During the Carboniferous period, the concentration of oxygen in the earth \u2019s atmosphere was as high as 35%, much higher than the current 21%.At that time, there were many giant insects on the earth, and the wingspan of the dragonfly was close to one meter.\n C. Small locusts cannot survive in a low-oxygen environment, especially in an environment with an oxygen concentration below 15%.Adult locusts can survive in an environment with 2% oxygen\n D. Under the environment with high oxygen content and high air pressure, the tested fruit flies lived to the fifth generation and their body size increased by 20%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Research has found that insects \u201cbreathe\u201d through the stomata system on their bodies.The stomata are connected to the trachea, and more and more layers of smaller and smaller air are attached from top to bottom, thereby bringing oxygen to the whole body.At the current level of oxygen in the atmosphere, the total length of the stomata system has reached the limit; if the total length exceeds this limit, the oxygen supply capacity will be insufficient.Therefore, it can be judged that the amount of oxygen content can determine the size of insects.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best support the above argument?\n A. Studies of invertebrates in the ocean have also found that in colder water and with higher oxygen content, the organisms there are also larger\n B. During the Carboniferous period, the concentration of oxygen in the earth \u2019s atmosphere was as high as 35%, much higher than the current 21%.At that time, there were many giant insects on the earth, and the wingspan of the dragonfly was close to one meter.\n C. Small locusts cannot survive in a low-oxygen environment, especially in an environment with an oxygen concentration below 15%.Adult locusts can survive in an environment with 2% oxygen\n D. Under the environment with high oxygen content and high air pressure, the tested fruit flies lived to the fifth generation and their body size increased by 20%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Research has found that insects \u201cbreathe\u201d through the stomata system on their bodies.The stomata are connected to the trachea, and more and more layers of smaller and smaller air are attached from top to bottom, thereby bringing oxygen to the whole body.At the current level of oxygen in the atmosphere, the total length of the stomata system has reached the limit; if the total length exceeds this limit, the oxygen supply capacity will be insufficient.Therefore, it can be judged that the amount of oxygen content can determine the size of insects.\nQuestion: Which of the following, if true, would best support the above argument?\n A. Studies of invertebrates in the ocean have also found that in colder water and with higher oxygen content, the organisms there are also larger\n B. During the Carboniferous period, the concentration of oxygen in the earth \u2019s atmosphere was as high as 35%, much higher than the current 21%.At that time, there were many giant insects on the earth, and the wingspan of the dragonfly was close to one meter.\n C. Small locusts cannot survive in a low-oxygen environment, especially in an environment with an oxygen concentration below 15%.Adult locusts can survive in an environment with 2% oxygen\n D. Under the environment with high oxygen content and high air pressure, the tested fruit flies lived to the fifth generation and their body size increased by 20%\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 517, "query": "Most excellent athletes have good psychological qualities.Most excellent athletes have achieved good results in the competition, and all athletes who have achieved good results in the competition are trained hard.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements can be appropriately derived from the above statement?\n A. Most hard-working athletes have good psychological qualities.\n B. Some athletes with good psychological qualities are trained hard.\n C. All excellent athletes are trained hard.\n D. Some athletes who do not have good psychological quality have achieved good results in the competition.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Most excellent athletes have good psychological qualities.Most excellent athletes have achieved good results in the competition, and all athletes who have achieved good results in the competition are trained hard.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements can be appropriately derived from the above statement?\n A. Most hard-working athletes have good psychological qualities.\n B. Some athletes with good psychological qualities are trained hard.\n C. All excellent athletes are trained hard.\n D. Some athletes who do not have good psychological quality have achieved good results in the competition.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most excellent athletes have good psychological qualities.Most excellent athletes have achieved good results in the competition, and all athletes who have achieved good results in the competition are trained hard.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements can be appropriately derived from the above statement?\n A. Most hard-working athletes have good psychological qualities.\n B. Some athletes with good psychological qualities are trained hard.\n C. All excellent athletes are trained hard.\n D. Some athletes who do not have good psychological quality have achieved good results in the competition.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most excellent athletes have good psychological qualities.Most excellent athletes have achieved good results in the competition, and all athletes who have achieved good results in the competition are trained hard.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements can be appropriately derived from the above statement?\n A. Most hard-working athletes have good psychological qualities.\n B. Some athletes with good psychological qualities are trained hard.\n C. All excellent athletes are trained hard.\n D. Some athletes who do not have good psychological quality have achieved good results in the competition.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:517"}
{"index": 417, "query": "Most plants have produced chemicals that resist parasites during long-term evolution.Plants commonly used by humans contain about 40 kinds of natural medicines, that is, compound chemical toxins against bacteria, fungi and other parasites.People ingest these toxins every day without being poisoned.Therefore, the added harm caused by synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops is very small.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, in addition to which one can weaken the above argument?\n A. The concentration of natural medicines contained in plants is much lower than the concentration of synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops.\n B. Humans have been taking the natural medicines contained in these plants for thousands of years, and have time to adapt to them.\n C. The chemical structure of synthetic pesticides is usually simpler than that of natural drugs contained in plants.\n D. Natural medicines contained in plants are usually only suitable for defending against specific organisms, while synthetic pesticides are usually harmful to many organisms.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Most plants have produced chemicals that resist parasites during long-term evolution.Plants commonly used by humans contain about 40 kinds of natural medicines, that is, compound chemical toxins against bacteria, fungi and other parasites.People ingest these toxins every day without being poisoned.Therefore, the added harm caused by synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops is very small.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, in addition to which one can weaken the above argument?\n A. The concentration of natural medicines contained in plants is much lower than the concentration of synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops.\n B. Humans have been taking the natural medicines contained in these plants for thousands of years, and have time to adapt to them.\n C. The chemical structure of synthetic pesticides is usually simpler than that of natural drugs contained in plants.\n D. Natural medicines contained in plants are usually only suitable for defending against specific organisms, while synthetic pesticides are usually harmful to many organisms.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Most plants have produced chemicals that resist parasites during long-term evolution.Plants commonly used by humans contain about 40 kinds of natural medicines, that is, compound chemical toxins against bacteria, fungi and other parasites.People ingest these toxins every day without being poisoned.Therefore, the added harm caused by synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops is very small.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, in addition to which one can weaken the above argument?\n A. The concentration of natural medicines contained in plants is much lower than the concentration of synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops.\n B. Humans have been taking the natural medicines contained in these plants for thousands of years, and have time to adapt to them.\n C. The chemical structure of synthetic pesticides is usually simpler than that of natural drugs contained in plants.\n D. Natural medicines contained in plants are usually only suitable for defending against specific organisms, while synthetic pesticides are usually harmful to many organisms.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Most plants have produced chemicals that resist parasites during long-term evolution.Plants commonly used by humans contain about 40 kinds of natural medicines, that is, compound chemical toxins against bacteria, fungi and other parasites.People ingest these toxins every day without being poisoned.Therefore, the added harm caused by synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops is very small.\nQuestion: If the following statement is true, in addition to which one can weaken the above argument?\n A. The concentration of natural medicines contained in plants is much lower than the concentration of synthetic pesticides sprayed on crops.\n B. Humans have been taking the natural medicines contained in these plants for thousands of years, and have time to adapt to them.\n C. The chemical structure of synthetic pesticides is usually simpler than that of natural drugs contained in plants.\n D. Natural medicines contained in plants are usually only suitable for defending against specific organisms, while synthetic pesticides are usually harmful to many organisms.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:417"}
{"index": 608, "query": "Having the authority to allow a band, especially a first-rate band, to rehearse repeatedly is a sign of an excellent conductor.This prestige is not easy to obtain.A conductor must gain this prestige by earning the band's respect for the artistic insight he seeks.\nQuestion: In the course of the above discussion, the author presupposed which of the following statements?\n A. When excellent conductors collaborate with different bands, they will have different artistic views on the same work.\n B. Excellent conductors are perfectionists, and they are never satisfied even with the performance of first-rate bands.\n C. If a good conductor thinks that additional rehearsals are necessary, first-rate bands are always ready to work overtime.\n D. Even if an artistic insight has not been fully expressed, first-rate bands can appreciate the advantages of this artistic insight\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Having the authority to allow a band, especially a first-rate band, to rehearse repeatedly is a sign of an excellent conductor.This prestige is not easy to obtain.A conductor must gain this prestige by earning the band's respect for the artistic insight he seeks.\nQuestion: In the course of the above discussion, the author presupposed which of the following statements?\n A. When excellent conductors collaborate with different bands, they will have different artistic views on the same work.\n B. Excellent conductors are perfectionists, and they are never satisfied even with the performance of first-rate bands.\n C. If a good conductor thinks that additional rehearsals are necessary, first-rate bands are always ready to work overtime.\n D. Even if an artistic insight has not been fully expressed, first-rate bands can appreciate the advantages of this artistic insight\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Having the authority to allow a band, especially a first-rate band, to rehearse repeatedly is a sign of an excellent conductor.This prestige is not easy to obtain.A conductor must gain this prestige by earning the band's respect for the artistic insight he seeks.\nQuestion: In the course of the above discussion, the author presupposed which of the following statements?\n A. When excellent conductors collaborate with different bands, they will have different artistic views on the same work.\n B. Excellent conductors are perfectionists, and they are never satisfied even with the performance of first-rate bands.\n C. If a good conductor thinks that additional rehearsals are necessary, first-rate bands are always ready to work overtime.\n D. Even if an artistic insight has not been fully expressed, first-rate bands can appreciate the advantages of this artistic insight\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Having the authority to allow a band, especially a first-rate band, to rehearse repeatedly is a sign of an excellent conductor.This prestige is not easy to obtain.A conductor must gain this prestige by earning the band's respect for the artistic insight he seeks.\nQuestion: In the course of the above discussion, the author presupposed which of the following statements?\n A. When excellent conductors collaborate with different bands, they will have different artistic views on the same work.\n B. Excellent conductors are perfectionists, and they are never satisfied even with the performance of first-rate bands.\n C. If a good conductor thinks that additional rehearsals are necessary, first-rate bands are always ready to work overtime.\n D. Even if an artistic insight has not been fully expressed, first-rate bands can appreciate the advantages of this artistic insight\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:608"}
{"index": 210, "query": "The truth of history is not equal to the true history.Lu Xun said that \"Historical Records\" is \"History's unique song, without rhyme\".Good historical works must break through the rigid historical truth view, directly touch the souls of historical figures, and write the essence of history.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is the assumption upon which the above argument relies?\n A. Good historical works not only faithfully report historical facts, but also vividly portray the souls of characters.\n B. Historical works that merely faithfully record historical facts are not good historical works.\n C. Among all historical works, only \"Historical Records\" is a good historical work.\n D. It is just a vivid depiction of the souls of historical figures.Works that do not report historical facts are not historical works.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The truth of history is not equal to the true history.Lu Xun said that \"Historical Records\" is \"History's unique song, without rhyme\".Good historical works must break through the rigid historical truth view, directly touch the souls of historical figures, and write the essence of history.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is the assumption upon which the above argument relies?\n A. Good historical works not only faithfully report historical facts, but also vividly portray the souls of characters.\n B. Historical works that merely faithfully record historical facts are not good historical works.\n C. Among all historical works, only \"Historical Records\" is a good historical work.\n D. It is just a vivid depiction of the souls of historical figures.Works that do not report historical facts are not historical works.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The truth of history is not equal to the true history.Lu Xun said that \"Historical Records\" is \"History's unique song, without rhyme\".Good historical works must break through the rigid historical truth view, directly touch the souls of historical figures, and write the essence of history.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is the assumption upon which the above argument relies?\n A. Good historical works not only faithfully report historical facts, but also vividly portray the souls of characters.\n B. Historical works that merely faithfully record historical facts are not good historical works.\n C. Among all historical works, only \"Historical Records\" is a good historical work.\n D. It is just a vivid depiction of the souls of historical figures.Works that do not report historical facts are not historical works.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The truth of history is not equal to the true history.Lu Xun said that \"Historical Records\" is \"History's unique song, without rhyme\".Good historical works must break through the rigid historical truth view, directly touch the souls of historical figures, and write the essence of history.\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is the assumption upon which the above argument relies?\n A. Good historical works not only faithfully report historical facts, but also vividly portray the souls of characters.\n B. Historical works that merely faithfully record historical facts are not good historical works.\n C. Among all historical works, only \"Historical Records\" is a good historical work.\n D. It is just a vivid depiction of the souls of historical figures.Works that do not report historical facts are not historical works.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:210"}
{"index": 211, "query": "If you want to start your own company, you have to know that you are great in one thing, for example, your product is better than others; when others are doing as well, you are faster than others; others are also When it is equally fast, you have a lower cost than others, and when others have the same cost, you have higher added value than others.\nQuestion: Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the above paragraph?\n A. Only by doing the best in at least one thing can your company gain a foothold in the market competition.\n B. If your company is not the best in anything, it is likely to lose out in the market competition.\n C. If your company does the best thing in at least one thing, it will definitely make huge profits.\n D. Unless your company is doing its best in at least one thing, it cannot succeed in market competition.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "If you want to start your own company, you have to know that you are great in one thing, for example, your product is better than others; when others are doing as well, you are faster than others; others are also When it is equally fast, you have a lower cost than others, and when others have the same cost, you have higher added value than others.\nQuestion: Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the above paragraph?\n A. Only by doing the best in at least one thing can your company gain a foothold in the market competition.\n B. If your company is not the best in anything, it is likely to lose out in the market competition.\n C. If your company does the best thing in at least one thing, it will definitely make huge profits.\n D. Unless your company is doing its best in at least one thing, it cannot succeed in market competition.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "If you want to start your own company, you have to know that you are great in one thing, for example, your product is better than others; when others are doing as well, you are faster than others; others are also When it is equally fast, you have a lower cost than others, and when others have the same cost, you have higher added value than others.\nQuestion: Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the above paragraph?\n A. Only by doing the best in at least one thing can your company gain a foothold in the market competition.\n B. If your company is not the best in anything, it is likely to lose out in the market competition.\n C. If your company does the best thing in at least one thing, it will definitely make huge profits.\n D. Unless your company is doing its best in at least one thing, it cannot succeed in market competition.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "If you want to start your own company, you have to know that you are great in one thing, for example, your product is better than others; when others are doing as well, you are faster than others; others are also When it is equally fast, you have a lower cost than others, and when others have the same cost, you have higher added value than others.\nQuestion: Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the above paragraph?\n A. Only by doing the best in at least one thing can your company gain a foothold in the market competition.\n B. If your company is not the best in anything, it is likely to lose out in the market competition.\n C. If your company does the best thing in at least one thing, it will definitely make huge profits.\n D. Unless your company is doing its best in at least one thing, it cannot succeed in market competition.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_logiqa-en::retrieval:211"}
{"index": 142, "query": "Question: Marisa needs to hire at least 10 staff members for an upcoming project. The staff members will be made up of junior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 640$ per week, and senior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 880$ per week. Her budget for paying the staff members is no more than $\\$ 9,700$ per week. She must hire at least 3 junior directors and at least 1 senior director. Which of the following systems of inequalities represents the conditions described if $x$ is the number of junior directors and $y$ is the number of senior directors?\n A. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n B. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n C. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\n D. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Marisa needs to hire at least 10 staff members for an upcoming project. The staff members will be made up of junior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 640$ per week, and senior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 880$ per week. Her budget for paying the staff members is no more than $\\$ 9,700$ per week. She must hire at least 3 junior directors and at least 1 senior director. Which of the following systems of inequalities represents the conditions described if $x$ is the number of junior directors and $y$ is the number of senior directors?\n A. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n B. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n C. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\n D. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Marisa needs to hire at least 10 staff members for an upcoming project. The staff members will be made up of junior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 640$ per week, and senior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 880$ per week. Her budget for paying the staff members is no more than $\\$ 9,700$ per week. She must hire at least 3 junior directors and at least 1 senior director. Which of the following systems of inequalities represents the conditions described if $x$ is the number of junior directors and $y$ is the number of senior directors?\n A. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n B. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n C. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\n D. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Marisa needs to hire at least 10 staff members for an upcoming project. The staff members will be made up of junior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 640$ per week, and senior directors, who will be paid $\\$ 880$ per week. Her budget for paying the staff members is no more than $\\$ 9,700$ per week. She must hire at least 3 junior directors and at least 1 senior director. Which of the following systems of inequalities represents the conditions described if $x$ is the number of junior directors and $y$ is the number of senior directors?\n A. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n B. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\geq 3$ $y \\geq 1$\n C. $640 x+880 y \\geq 9,700$ $x+y \\geq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\n D. $640 x+880 y \\leq 9,700$ $x+y \\leq 10$ $x \\leq 3$ $y \\leq 1$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 21, "query": "Question: Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution of the inequality $3 x-5 \\geq 4 x-3$ ?\n A. -1\n B. -2\n C. -3\n D. -5\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution of the inequality $3 x-5 \\geq 4 x-3$ ?\n A. -1\n B. -2\n C. -3\n D. -5\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution of the inequality $3 x-5 \\geq 4 x-3$ ?\n A. -1\n B. -2\n C. -3\n D. -5\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution of the inequality $3 x-5 \\geq 4 x-3$ ?\n A. -1\n B. -2\n C. -3\n D. -5\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:21"}
{"index": 165, "query": "Question: $$h(t)=-16 t^{2}+110 t+72$$The function above models the height $h$, in feet, of an object above ground $t$ seconds after being launched straight up in the air. What does the number 72 represent in the function?\n A. The initial height, in feet, of the object\n B. The maximum height, in feet, of the object\n C. The initial speed, in feet per second, of the object\n D. The maximum speed, in feet per second, of the object\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: $$h(t)=-16 t^{2}+110 t+72$$The function above models the height $h$, in feet, of an object above ground $t$ seconds after being launched straight up in the air. What does the number 72 represent in the function?\n A. The initial height, in feet, of the object\n B. The maximum height, in feet, of the object\n C. The initial speed, in feet per second, of the object\n D. The maximum speed, in feet per second, of the object\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$h(t)=-16 t^{2}+110 t+72$$The function above models the height $h$, in feet, of an object above ground $t$ seconds after being launched straight up in the air. What does the number 72 represent in the function?\n A. The initial height, in feet, of the object\n B. The maximum height, in feet, of the object\n C. The initial speed, in feet per second, of the object\n D. The maximum speed, in feet per second, of the object\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$h(t)=-16 t^{2}+110 t+72$$The function above models the height $h$, in feet, of an object above ground $t$ seconds after being launched straight up in the air. What does the number 72 represent in the function?\n A. The initial height, in feet, of the object\n B. The maximum height, in feet, of the object\n C. The initial speed, in feet per second, of the object\n D. The maximum speed, in feet per second, of the object\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:165"}
{"index": 214, "query": "Question: Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a poll on the show's website that asked, \"Do you support the new federal policy discussed during the show?\" At the end of the show, the host reported that $28 \\%$ responded \"Yes,\" and $70 \\%$ responded \"No.\" Which of the following best explains why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the United States?\n A. The percentages do not add up to $100 \\%$, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.\n B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.\n C. There were not $50 \\%$ \"Yes\" responses and $50 \\%$ \"No\" responses.\n D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a poll on the show's website that asked, \"Do you support the new federal policy discussed during the show?\" At the end of the show, the host reported that $28 \\%$ responded \"Yes,\" and $70 \\%$ responded \"No.\" Which of the following best explains why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the United States?\n A. The percentages do not add up to $100 \\%$, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.\n B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.\n C. There were not $50 \\%$ \"Yes\" responses and $50 \\%$ \"No\" responses.\n D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a poll on the show's website that asked, \"Do you support the new federal policy discussed during the show?\" At the end of the show, the host reported that $28 \\%$ responded \"Yes,\" and $70 \\%$ responded \"No.\" Which of the following best explains why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the United States?\n A. The percentages do not add up to $100 \\%$, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.\n B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.\n C. There were not $50 \\%$ \"Yes\" responses and $50 \\%$ \"No\" responses.\n D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Near the end of a US cable news show, the host invited viewers to respond to a poll on the show's website that asked, \"Do you support the new federal policy discussed during the show?\" At the end of the show, the host reported that $28 \\%$ responded \"Yes,\" and $70 \\%$ responded \"No.\" Which of the following best explains why the results are unlikely to represent the sentiments of the population of the United States?\n A. The percentages do not add up to $100 \\%$, so any possible conclusions from the poll are invalid.\n B. Those who responded to the poll were not a random sample of the population of the United States.\n C. There were not $50 \\%$ \"Yes\" responses and $50 \\%$ \"No\" responses.\n D. The show did not allow viewers enough time to respond to the poll.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:214"}
{"index": 122, "query": "Question: A polling agency recently surveyed 1,000 adults who were selected at random from a large city and asked each of the adults, \"Are you satisfied with the quality of air in the city?\" Of those surveyed, 78 percent responded that they were satisfied with the quality of air in the city. Based on the results of the survey, which of the following statements must be true?I. Of all adults in the city, 78 percent are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.II. If another 1,000 adults selected at random from the city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.III. If 1,000 adults selected at random from a different city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.\n A. None\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A polling agency recently surveyed 1,000 adults who were selected at random from a large city and asked each of the adults, \"Are you satisfied with the quality of air in the city?\" Of those surveyed, 78 percent responded that they were satisfied with the quality of air in the city. Based on the results of the survey, which of the following statements must be true?I. Of all adults in the city, 78 percent are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.II. If another 1,000 adults selected at random from the city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.III. If 1,000 adults selected at random from a different city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.\n A. None\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A polling agency recently surveyed 1,000 adults who were selected at random from a large city and asked each of the adults, \"Are you satisfied with the quality of air in the city?\" Of those surveyed, 78 percent responded that they were satisfied with the quality of air in the city. Based on the results of the survey, which of the following statements must be true?I. Of all adults in the city, 78 percent are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.II. If another 1,000 adults selected at random from the city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.III. If 1,000 adults selected at random from a different city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.\n A. None\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A polling agency recently surveyed 1,000 adults who were selected at random from a large city and asked each of the adults, \"Are you satisfied with the quality of air in the city?\" Of those surveyed, 78 percent responded that they were satisfied with the quality of air in the city. Based on the results of the survey, which of the following statements must be true?I. Of all adults in the city, 78 percent are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.II. If another 1,000 adults selected at random from the city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.III. If 1,000 adults selected at random from a different city were surveyed, 78 percent of them would report they are satisfied with the quality of air in the city.\n A. None\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:122"}
{"index": 44, "query": "Question: $$f(x)=\\frac{x+3}{2}$$For the function $f$ defined above, what is the value of $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. -1\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: $$f(x)=\\frac{x+3}{2}$$For the function $f$ defined above, what is the value of $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. -1\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$f(x)=\\frac{x+3}{2}$$For the function $f$ defined above, what is the value of $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. -1\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$f(x)=\\frac{x+3}{2}$$For the function $f$ defined above, what is the value of $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. -1\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 135, "query": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $3(x+5)-6$ ?\n A. $3 x-3$\n B. $3 x-1$\n C. $3 x+9$\n D. $15 x-6$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $3(x+5)-6$ ?\n A. $3 x-3$\n B. $3 x-1$\n C. $3 x+9$\n D. $15 x-6$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $3(x+5)-6$ ?\n A. $3 x-3$\n B. $3 x-1$\n C. $3 x+9$\n D. $15 x-6$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $3(x+5)-6$ ?\n A. $3 x-3$\n B. $3 x-1$\n C. $3 x+9$\n D. $15 x-6$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:135"}
{"index": 0, "query": "Question: If $\\frac{x-1}{3}=k$ and $k=3$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 9\n D. 10\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{x-1}{3}=k$ and $k=3$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 9\n D. 10\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{x-1}{3}=k$ and $k=3$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 9\n D. 10\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $\\frac{x-1}{3}=k$ and $k=3$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 9\n D. 10\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 95, "query": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the line determined by the points $(2, k)$ and $(k, 32)$ passes through the origin. Which of the following could be the value of $k$ ?\n A. 0\n B. 4\n C. 8\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the line determined by the points $(2, k)$ and $(k, 32)$ passes through the origin. Which of the following could be the value of $k$ ?\n A. 0\n B. 4\n C. 8\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the line determined by the points $(2, k)$ and $(k, 32)$ passes through the origin. Which of the following could be the value of $k$ ?\n A. 0\n B. 4\n C. 8\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the line determined by the points $(2, k)$ and $(k, 32)$ passes through the origin. Which of the following could be the value of $k$ ?\n A. 0\n B. 4\n C. 8\n D. 16\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:95"}
{"index": 96, "query": "Question: A rectangle was altered by increasing its length by 10 percent and decreasing its width by $p$ percent. If these alterations decreased the area of the rectangle by 12 percent, what is the value of $p$ ?\n A. 12\n B. 15\n C. 20\n D. 22\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A rectangle was altered by increasing its length by 10 percent and decreasing its width by $p$ percent. If these alterations decreased the area of the rectangle by 12 percent, what is the value of $p$ ?\n A. 12\n B. 15\n C. 20\n D. 22\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A rectangle was altered by increasing its length by 10 percent and decreasing its width by $p$ percent. If these alterations decreased the area of the rectangle by 12 percent, what is the value of $p$ ?\n A. 12\n B. 15\n C. 20\n D. 22\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A rectangle was altered by increasing its length by 10 percent and decreasing its width by $p$ percent. If these alterations decreased the area of the rectangle by 12 percent, what is the value of $p$ ?\n A. 12\n B. 15\n C. 20\n D. 22\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 145, "query": "Question: Which of the following expressions is equivalent to $\\frac{x^{2}-2 x-5}{x-3} ?$\n A. $x-5-\\frac{20}{x-3}$\n B. $x-5-\\frac{10}{x-3}$\n C. $x+1-\\frac{8}{x-3}$\n D. $x+1-\\frac{2}{x-3}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following expressions is equivalent to $\\frac{x^{2}-2 x-5}{x-3} ?$\n A. $x-5-\\frac{20}{x-3}$\n B. $x-5-\\frac{10}{x-3}$\n C. $x+1-\\frac{8}{x-3}$\n D. $x+1-\\frac{2}{x-3}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following expressions is equivalent to $\\frac{x^{2}-2 x-5}{x-3} ?$\n A. $x-5-\\frac{20}{x-3}$\n B. $x-5-\\frac{10}{x-3}$\n C. $x+1-\\frac{8}{x-3}$\n D. $x+1-\\frac{2}{x-3}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following expressions is equivalent to $\\frac{x^{2}-2 x-5}{x-3} ?$\n A. $x-5-\\frac{20}{x-3}$\n B. $x-5-\\frac{10}{x-3}$\n C. $x+1-\\frac{8}{x-3}$\n D. $x+1-\\frac{2}{x-3}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:145"}
{"index": 59, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $a$ & $3 a$ & $5 a$ \\\\\\hline$y$ & 0 & $-a$ & $-2 a$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of $x$ and their corresponding values of $y$ are shown in the table above, where $a$ is a constant. If there is a linear relationship between $x$ and $y$, which of the following equations represents the relationship?\n A. $x+2 y=a$\n B. $x+2 y=5 a$\n C. $2 x-y=-5 a$\n D. $2 x-y=7 a$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $a$ & $3 a$ & $5 a$ \\\\\\hline$y$ & 0 & $-a$ & $-2 a$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of $x$ and their corresponding values of $y$ are shown in the table above, where $a$ is a constant. If there is a linear relationship between $x$ and $y$, which of the following equations represents the relationship?\n A. $x+2 y=a$\n B. $x+2 y=5 a$\n C. $2 x-y=-5 a$\n D. $2 x-y=7 a$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $a$ & $3 a$ & $5 a$ \\\\\\hline$y$ & 0 & $-a$ & $-2 a$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of $x$ and their corresponding values of $y$ are shown in the table above, where $a$ is a constant. If there is a linear relationship between $x$ and $y$, which of the following equations represents the relationship?\n A. $x+2 y=a$\n B. $x+2 y=5 a$\n C. $2 x-y=-5 a$\n D. $2 x-y=7 a$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $a$ & $3 a$ & $5 a$ \\\\\\hline$y$ & 0 & $-a$ & $-2 a$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of $x$ and their corresponding values of $y$ are shown in the table above, where $a$ is a constant. If there is a linear relationship between $x$ and $y$, which of the following equations represents the relationship?\n A. $x+2 y=a$\n B. $x+2 y=5 a$\n C. $2 x-y=-5 a$\n D. $2 x-y=7 a$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:59"}
{"index": 16, "query": "Question: If $16+4 x$ is 10 more than 14 , what is the value of $8 x$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. 16\n D. 80 5\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: If $16+4 x$ is 10 more than 14 , what is the value of $8 x$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. 16\n D. 80 5\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $16+4 x$ is 10 more than 14 , what is the value of $8 x$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. 16\n D. 80 5\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $16+4 x$ is 10 more than 14 , what is the value of $8 x$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. 16\n D. 80 5\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:16"}
{"index": 97, "query": "Question: In planning maintenance for a city's infrastructure, a civil engineer estimates that, starting from the present, the population of the city will decrease by 10 percent every 20 years. If the present population of the city is 50,000, which of the following expressions represents the engineer's estimate of the population of the city $t$ years from now?\n A. $50,000(0.1)^{20 t}$\n B. $50,000(0.1)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\n C. $50,000(0.9)^{20 t}$\n D. $50,000(0.9)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: In planning maintenance for a city's infrastructure, a civil engineer estimates that, starting from the present, the population of the city will decrease by 10 percent every 20 years. If the present population of the city is 50,000, which of the following expressions represents the engineer's estimate of the population of the city $t$ years from now?\n A. $50,000(0.1)^{20 t}$\n B. $50,000(0.1)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\n C. $50,000(0.9)^{20 t}$\n D. $50,000(0.9)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In planning maintenance for a city's infrastructure, a civil engineer estimates that, starting from the present, the population of the city will decrease by 10 percent every 20 years. If the present population of the city is 50,000, which of the following expressions represents the engineer's estimate of the population of the city $t$ years from now?\n A. $50,000(0.1)^{20 t}$\n B. $50,000(0.1)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\n C. $50,000(0.9)^{20 t}$\n D. $50,000(0.9)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In planning maintenance for a city's infrastructure, a civil engineer estimates that, starting from the present, the population of the city will decrease by 10 percent every 20 years. If the present population of the city is 50,000, which of the following expressions represents the engineer's estimate of the population of the city $t$ years from now?\n A. $50,000(0.1)^{20 t}$\n B. $50,000(0.1)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\n C. $50,000(0.9)^{20 t}$\n D. $50,000(0.9)^{\\frac{t}{20}}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:97"}
{"index": 102, "query": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of the expressions $a^{2}-1$ and $a+1$ ?\n A. $a^{2}+a$\n B. $a^{3}-1$\n C. $2 a^{2}$\n D. $a^{3}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of the expressions $a^{2}-1$ and $a+1$ ?\n A. $a^{2}+a$\n B. $a^{3}-1$\n C. $2 a^{2}$\n D. $a^{3}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of the expressions $a^{2}-1$ and $a+1$ ?\n A. $a^{2}+a$\n B. $a^{3}-1$\n C. $2 a^{2}$\n D. $a^{3}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of the expressions $a^{2}-1$ and $a+1$ ?\n A. $a^{2}+a$\n B. $a^{3}-1$\n C. $2 a^{2}$\n D. $a^{3}$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:102"}
{"index": 25, "query": "Question: A food truck sells salads for $\\$ 6.50$ each and drinks for $\\$ 2.00$ each. The food truck's revenue from selling a total of 209 salads and drinks in one day was $\\$ 836.50$. How many salads were sold that day?\n A. 77\n B. 93\n C. 99\n D. 105\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A food truck sells salads for $\\$ 6.50$ each and drinks for $\\$ 2.00$ each. The food truck's revenue from selling a total of 209 salads and drinks in one day was $\\$ 836.50$. How many salads were sold that day?\n A. 77\n B. 93\n C. 99\n D. 105\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A food truck sells salads for $\\$ 6.50$ each and drinks for $\\$ 2.00$ each. The food truck's revenue from selling a total of 209 salads and drinks in one day was $\\$ 836.50$. How many salads were sold that day?\n A. 77\n B. 93\n C. 99\n D. 105\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A food truck sells salads for $\\$ 6.50$ each and drinks for $\\$ 2.00$ each. The food truck's revenue from selling a total of 209 salads and drinks in one day was $\\$ 836.50$. How many salads were sold that day?\n A. 77\n B. 93\n C. 99\n D. 105\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 11, "query": "Question: A line in the $x y$-plane passes through the origin and has a slope of $\\frac{1}{7}$. Which of the following points lies on the line?\n A. $(0,7)$\n B. $(1,7)$\n C. $(7,7)$\n D. $(14,2)$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A line in the $x y$-plane passes through the origin and has a slope of $\\frac{1}{7}$. Which of the following points lies on the line?\n A. $(0,7)$\n B. $(1,7)$\n C. $(7,7)$\n D. $(14,2)$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A line in the $x y$-plane passes through the origin and has a slope of $\\frac{1}{7}$. Which of the following points lies on the line?\n A. $(0,7)$\n B. $(1,7)$\n C. $(7,7)$\n D. $(14,2)$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A line in the $x y$-plane passes through the origin and has a slope of $\\frac{1}{7}$. Which of the following points lies on the line?\n A. $(0,7)$\n B. $(1,7)$\n C. $(7,7)$\n D. $(14,2)$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:11"}
{"index": 30, "query": "Question: Katarina is a botanist studying the production of pears by two types of pear trees. She noticed that Type A trees produced 20 percent more pears than Type B trees did. Based on Katarina's observation, if the Type A trees produced 144 pears, how many pears did the Type B trees produce?\n A. 115\n B. 120\n C. 124\n D. 173\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Katarina is a botanist studying the production of pears by two types of pear trees. She noticed that Type A trees produced 20 percent more pears than Type B trees did. Based on Katarina's observation, if the Type A trees produced 144 pears, how many pears did the Type B trees produce?\n A. 115\n B. 120\n C. 124\n D. 173\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Katarina is a botanist studying the production of pears by two types of pear trees. She noticed that Type A trees produced 20 percent more pears than Type B trees did. Based on Katarina's observation, if the Type A trees produced 144 pears, how many pears did the Type B trees produce?\n A. 115\n B. 120\n C. 124\n D. 173\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Katarina is a botanist studying the production of pears by two types of pear trees. She noticed that Type A trees produced 20 percent more pears than Type B trees did. Based on Katarina's observation, if the Type A trees produced 144 pears, how many pears did the Type B trees produce?\n A. 115\n B. 120\n C. 124\n D. 173\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:30"}
{"index": 196, "query": "Question: $$\\frac{x}{x-3}=\\frac{2 x}{2}$$Which of the following represents all the possible values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. 0 and 2\n B. 0 and 4\n C. -4 and 4\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{x}{x-3}=\\frac{2 x}{2}$$Which of the following represents all the possible values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. 0 and 2\n B. 0 and 4\n C. -4 and 4\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{x}{x-3}=\\frac{2 x}{2}$$Which of the following represents all the possible values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. 0 and 2\n B. 0 and 4\n C. -4 and 4\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\frac{x}{x-3}=\\frac{2 x}{2}$$Which of the following represents all the possible values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. 0 and 2\n B. 0 and 4\n C. -4 and 4\n D. 4\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:196"}
{"index": 54, "query": "Question: Survey Results\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}\\hlineAnswer & Percent \\\\\\hlineNever & $31.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineRarely & $24.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineOften & $13.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineAlways & $30.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the results of a survey in which tablet users were asked how often they would watch video advertisements in order to access streaming content for free. Based on the table, which of the following is closest to the probability that a tablet user answered \"Always,\" given that the tablet user did not answer \"Never\"?\n A. 0.31\n B. 0.38\n C. 0.45\n D. 0.69\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Survey Results\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}\\hlineAnswer & Percent \\\\\\hlineNever & $31.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineRarely & $24.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineOften & $13.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineAlways & $30.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the results of a survey in which tablet users were asked how often they would watch video advertisements in order to access streaming content for free. Based on the table, which of the following is closest to the probability that a tablet user answered \"Always,\" given that the tablet user did not answer \"Never\"?\n A. 0.31\n B. 0.38\n C. 0.45\n D. 0.69\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Survey Results\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}\\hlineAnswer & Percent \\\\\\hlineNever & $31.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineRarely & $24.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineOften & $13.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineAlways & $30.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the results of a survey in which tablet users were asked how often they would watch video advertisements in order to access streaming content for free. Based on the table, which of the following is closest to the probability that a tablet user answered \"Always,\" given that the tablet user did not answer \"Never\"?\n A. 0.31\n B. 0.38\n C. 0.45\n D. 0.69\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Survey Results\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|}\\hlineAnswer & Percent \\\\\\hlineNever & $31.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineRarely & $24.3 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineOften & $13.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineAlways & $30.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the results of a survey in which tablet users were asked how often they would watch video advertisements in order to access streaming content for free. Based on the table, which of the following is closest to the probability that a tablet user answered \"Always,\" given that the tablet user did not answer \"Never\"?\n A. 0.31\n B. 0.38\n C. 0.45\n D. 0.69\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:54"}
{"index": 210, "query": "Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state that a serving size of the cereal is $\\frac{3}{4}$ cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180 milligrams of potassium, which is $5 \\%$ of the daily allowance for adults.\nQuestion: If $p$ percent of an adult's daily allowance of potassium is provided by $x$ servings of Crunchy Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses $p$ in terms of $x$ ?\n A. $p=0.5 x$\n B. $p=5 x$\n C. $p=(0.05)^{x}$\n D. $p=(1.05)^{x}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state that a serving size of the cereal is $\\frac{3}{4}$ cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180 milligrams of potassium, which is $5 \\%$ of the daily allowance for adults.\nQuestion: If $p$ percent of an adult's daily allowance of potassium is provided by $x$ servings of Crunchy Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses $p$ in terms of $x$ ?\n A. $p=0.5 x$\n B. $p=5 x$\n C. $p=(0.05)^{x}$\n D. $p=(1.05)^{x}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state that a serving size of the cereal is $\\frac{3}{4}$ cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180 milligrams of potassium, which is $5 \\%$ of the daily allowance for adults.\nQuestion: If $p$ percent of an adult's daily allowance of potassium is provided by $x$ servings of Crunchy Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses $p$ in terms of $x$ ?\n A. $p=0.5 x$\n B. $p=5 x$\n C. $p=(0.05)^{x}$\n D. $p=(1.05)^{x}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Jennifer bought a box of Crunchy Grain cereal. The nutrition facts on the box state that a serving size of the cereal is $\\frac{3}{4}$ cup and provides 210 calories, 50 of which are calories from fat. In addition, each serving of the cereal provides 180 milligrams of potassium, which is $5 \\%$ of the daily allowance for adults.\nQuestion: If $p$ percent of an adult's daily allowance of potassium is provided by $x$ servings of Crunchy Grain cereal per day, which of the following expresses $p$ in terms of $x$ ?\n A. $p=0.5 x$\n B. $p=5 x$\n C. $p=(0.05)^{x}$\n D. $p=(1.05)^{x}$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:210"}
{"index": 204, "query": "Question: Biologists found a new species of pale shrimp at the world's deepest undersea vent, the Beebe Vent Field. The vent is 3.1 miles below the sea's surface.Approximately how many kilometers below the sea's surface is the vent? ( 1 kilometer $\\approx 0.6214$ miles)\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Biologists found a new species of pale shrimp at the world's deepest undersea vent, the Beebe Vent Field. The vent is 3.1 miles below the sea's surface.Approximately how many kilometers below the sea's surface is the vent? ( 1 kilometer $\\approx 0.6214$ miles)\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Biologists found a new species of pale shrimp at the world's deepest undersea vent, the Beebe Vent Field. The vent is 3.1 miles below the sea's surface.Approximately how many kilometers below the sea's surface is the vent? ( 1 kilometer $\\approx 0.6214$ miles)\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Biologists found a new species of pale shrimp at the world's deepest undersea vent, the Beebe Vent Field. The vent is 3.1 miles below the sea's surface.Approximately how many kilometers below the sea's surface is the vent? ( 1 kilometer $\\approx 0.6214$ miles)\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:204"}
{"index": 105, "query": "Question: If $a^{2}+b^{2}=z$ and $a b=y$, which of the following is equivalent to $4 z+8 y$ ?\n A. $(a+2 b)^{2}$\n B. $(2 a+2 b)^{2}$\n C. $(4 a+4 b)^{2}$\n D. $(4 a+8 b)^{2}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: If $a^{2}+b^{2}=z$ and $a b=y$, which of the following is equivalent to $4 z+8 y$ ?\n A. $(a+2 b)^{2}$\n B. $(2 a+2 b)^{2}$\n C. $(4 a+4 b)^{2}$\n D. $(4 a+8 b)^{2}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $a^{2}+b^{2}=z$ and $a b=y$, which of the following is equivalent to $4 z+8 y$ ?\n A. $(a+2 b)^{2}$\n B. $(2 a+2 b)^{2}$\n C. $(4 a+4 b)^{2}$\n D. $(4 a+8 b)^{2}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $a^{2}+b^{2}=z$ and $a b=y$, which of the following is equivalent to $4 z+8 y$ ?\n A. $(a+2 b)^{2}$\n B. $(2 a+2 b)^{2}$\n C. $(4 a+4 b)^{2}$\n D. $(4 a+8 b)^{2}$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:105"}
{"index": 12, "query": "Question: If $x>3$, which of the following is equivalent to $\\frac{1}{\\frac{1}{x+2}+\\frac{1}{x+3}}$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{x^{2}+5 x+6}$\n B. $\\frac{x^{2}+5 x+6}{2 x+5}$\n C. $2 x+5$\n D. $x^{2}+5 x+6$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: If $x>3$, which of the following is equivalent to $\\frac{1}{\\frac{1}{x+2}+\\frac{1}{x+3}}$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{x^{2}+5 x+6}$\n B. $\\frac{x^{2}+5 x+6}{2 x+5}$\n C. $2 x+5$\n D. $x^{2}+5 x+6$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $x>3$, which of the following is equivalent to $\\frac{1}{\\frac{1}{x+2}+\\frac{1}{x+3}}$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{x^{2}+5 x+6}$\n B. $\\frac{x^{2}+5 x+6}{2 x+5}$\n C. $2 x+5$\n D. $x^{2}+5 x+6$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $x>3$, which of the following is equivalent to $\\frac{1}{\\frac{1}{x+2}+\\frac{1}{x+3}}$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{x^{2}+5 x+6}$\n B. $\\frac{x^{2}+5 x+6}{2 x+5}$\n C. $2 x+5$\n D. $x^{2}+5 x+6$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:12"}
{"index": 156, "query": "Question: A software company is selling a new game in a standard edition and a collector's edition. The box for the standard edition has a volume of 20 cubic inches, and the box for the collector's edition has a volume of 30 cubic inches. The company receives an order for 75 copies of the game, and the total volume of the order to be shipped is 1,870 cubic inches. Which of the following systems of equations can be used to determine the number of standard edition games, $s$, and collector's edition games, $c$, that were ordered?\n A. $75-s=c$ $20 s+30 c=1,870$\n B. $75-s=c$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\n C. $\\quad s-c=75$ $25(s+c)=1,870$\n D. $\\quad s-c=75$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A software company is selling a new game in a standard edition and a collector's edition. The box for the standard edition has a volume of 20 cubic inches, and the box for the collector's edition has a volume of 30 cubic inches. The company receives an order for 75 copies of the game, and the total volume of the order to be shipped is 1,870 cubic inches. Which of the following systems of equations can be used to determine the number of standard edition games, $s$, and collector's edition games, $c$, that were ordered?\n A. $75-s=c$ $20 s+30 c=1,870$\n B. $75-s=c$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\n C. $\\quad s-c=75$ $25(s+c)=1,870$\n D. $\\quad s-c=75$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A software company is selling a new game in a standard edition and a collector's edition. The box for the standard edition has a volume of 20 cubic inches, and the box for the collector's edition has a volume of 30 cubic inches. The company receives an order for 75 copies of the game, and the total volume of the order to be shipped is 1,870 cubic inches. Which of the following systems of equations can be used to determine the number of standard edition games, $s$, and collector's edition games, $c$, that were ordered?\n A. $75-s=c$ $20 s+30 c=1,870$\n B. $75-s=c$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\n C. $\\quad s-c=75$ $25(s+c)=1,870$\n D. $\\quad s-c=75$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A software company is selling a new game in a standard edition and a collector's edition. The box for the standard edition has a volume of 20 cubic inches, and the box for the collector's edition has a volume of 30 cubic inches. The company receives an order for 75 copies of the game, and the total volume of the order to be shipped is 1,870 cubic inches. Which of the following systems of equations can be used to determine the number of standard edition games, $s$, and collector's edition games, $c$, that were ordered?\n A. $75-s=c$ $20 s+30 c=1,870$\n B. $75-s=c$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\n C. $\\quad s-c=75$ $25(s+c)=1,870$\n D. $\\quad s-c=75$ $30 s+20 c=1,870$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:156"}
{"index": 7, "query": "Question: If $\\frac{a}{b}=2$, what is the value of $\\frac{4 b}{a} ?$\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{a}{b}=2$, what is the value of $\\frac{4 b}{a} ?$\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{a}{b}=2$, what is the value of $\\frac{4 b}{a} ?$\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $\\frac{a}{b}=2$, what is the value of $\\frac{4 b}{a} ?$\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:7"}
{"index": 141, "query": "Question: Ken is working this summer as part of a crew on a farm. He earned $\\$ 8$ per hour for the first 10 hours he worked this week. Because of his performance, his crew leader raised his salary to $\\$ 10$ per hour for the rest of the week. Ken saves $90 \\%$ of his earnings from each week. What is the least number of hours he must work the rest of the week to save at least $\\$ 270$ for the week?\n A. 38\n B. 33\n C. 22\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Ken is working this summer as part of a crew on a farm. He earned $\\$ 8$ per hour for the first 10 hours he worked this week. Because of his performance, his crew leader raised his salary to $\\$ 10$ per hour for the rest of the week. Ken saves $90 \\%$ of his earnings from each week. What is the least number of hours he must work the rest of the week to save at least $\\$ 270$ for the week?\n A. 38\n B. 33\n C. 22\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Ken is working this summer as part of a crew on a farm. He earned $\\$ 8$ per hour for the first 10 hours he worked this week. Because of his performance, his crew leader raised his salary to $\\$ 10$ per hour for the rest of the week. Ken saves $90 \\%$ of his earnings from each week. What is the least number of hours he must work the rest of the week to save at least $\\$ 270$ for the week?\n A. 38\n B. 33\n C. 22\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Ken is working this summer as part of a crew on a farm. He earned $\\$ 8$ per hour for the first 10 hours he worked this week. Because of his performance, his crew leader raised his salary to $\\$ 10$ per hour for the rest of the week. Ken saves $90 \\%$ of his earnings from each week. What is the least number of hours he must work the rest of the week to save at least $\\$ 270$ for the week?\n A. 38\n B. 33\n C. 22\n D. 16\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:141"}
{"index": 130, "query": "Question: The surface area of a cube is $6\\left(\\frac{a}{4}\\right)^{2}$, where $a$ is a positive constant. Which of the following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?\n A. $\\frac{a}{4}$\n B. $a$\n C. $4 a$\n D. $6 a$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The surface area of a cube is $6\\left(\\frac{a}{4}\\right)^{2}$, where $a$ is a positive constant. Which of the following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?\n A. $\\frac{a}{4}$\n B. $a$\n C. $4 a$\n D. $6 a$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The surface area of a cube is $6\\left(\\frac{a}{4}\\right)^{2}$, where $a$ is a positive constant. Which of the following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?\n A. $\\frac{a}{4}$\n B. $a$\n C. $4 a$\n D. $6 a$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The surface area of a cube is $6\\left(\\frac{a}{4}\\right)^{2}$, where $a$ is a positive constant. Which of the following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?\n A. $\\frac{a}{4}$\n B. $a$\n C. $4 a$\n D. $6 a$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:130"}
{"index": 17, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}1 \\text { decagram } & =10 \\text { grams } \\\\1,000 \\text { milligrams } & =1 \\text { gram }\\end{aligned}$$A hospital stores one type of medicine in 2-decagram containers. Based on the information given in the box above, how many 1-milligram doses are there in one 2-decagram container?\n A. $\\quad 0.002$\n B. $\\quad 200$\n C. $\\quad 2,000$\n D. 20,000\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}1 \\text { decagram } & =10 \\text { grams } \\\\1,000 \\text { milligrams } & =1 \\text { gram }\\end{aligned}$$A hospital stores one type of medicine in 2-decagram containers. Based on the information given in the box above, how many 1-milligram doses are there in one 2-decagram container?\n A. $\\quad 0.002$\n B. $\\quad 200$\n C. $\\quad 2,000$\n D. 20,000\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}1 \\text { decagram } & =10 \\text { grams } \\\\1,000 \\text { milligrams } & =1 \\text { gram }\\end{aligned}$$A hospital stores one type of medicine in 2-decagram containers. Based on the information given in the box above, how many 1-milligram doses are there in one 2-decagram container?\n A. $\\quad 0.002$\n B. $\\quad 200$\n C. $\\quad 2,000$\n D. 20,000\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}1 \\text { decagram } & =10 \\text { grams } \\\\1,000 \\text { milligrams } & =1 \\text { gram }\\end{aligned}$$A hospital stores one type of medicine in 2-decagram containers. Based on the information given in the box above, how many 1-milligram doses are there in one 2-decagram container?\n A. $\\quad 0.002$\n B. $\\quad 200$\n C. $\\quad 2,000$\n D. 20,000\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:17"}
{"index": 49, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineList A & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\\\\\hlineList B & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 5 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows two lists of numbers. Which of the following is a true statement comparing list $\\mathrm{A}$ and list B ?\n A. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are different.\n B. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are the same.\n C. The means are different, and the standard deviations are different.\n D. The means are different, and the standard deviations are the same.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineList A & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\\\\\hlineList B & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 5 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows two lists of numbers. Which of the following is a true statement comparing list $\\mathrm{A}$ and list B ?\n A. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are different.\n B. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are the same.\n C. The means are different, and the standard deviations are different.\n D. The means are different, and the standard deviations are the same.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineList A & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\\\\\hlineList B & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 5 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows two lists of numbers. Which of the following is a true statement comparing list $\\mathrm{A}$ and list B ?\n A. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are different.\n B. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are the same.\n C. The means are different, and the standard deviations are different.\n D. The means are different, and the standard deviations are the same.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineList A & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\\\\\hlineList B & 2 & 3 & 3 & 4 & 4 & 5 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows two lists of numbers. Which of the following is a true statement comparing list $\\mathrm{A}$ and list B ?\n A. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are different.\n B. The means are the same, and the standard deviations are the same.\n C. The means are different, and the standard deviations are different.\n D. The means are different, and the standard deviations are the same.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:49"}
{"index": 48, "query": "Question: A researcher surveyed a random sample of students from a large university about how often they see movies. Using the sample data, the researcher estimated that $23 \\%$ of the students in the population saw a movie at least once per month. The margin of error for this estimation is $4 \\%$. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion about all students at the university, based on the given estimate and margin of error?\n A. It is unlikely that less than $23 \\%$ of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n B. At least 23\\%, but no more than $25 \\%$, of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n C. The researcher is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$ sure that most students see a movie at least once per month.\n D. It is plausible that the percentage of students who see a movie at least once per month is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A researcher surveyed a random sample of students from a large university about how often they see movies. Using the sample data, the researcher estimated that $23 \\%$ of the students in the population saw a movie at least once per month. The margin of error for this estimation is $4 \\%$. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion about all students at the university, based on the given estimate and margin of error?\n A. It is unlikely that less than $23 \\%$ of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n B. At least 23\\%, but no more than $25 \\%$, of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n C. The researcher is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$ sure that most students see a movie at least once per month.\n D. It is plausible that the percentage of students who see a movie at least once per month is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A researcher surveyed a random sample of students from a large university about how often they see movies. Using the sample data, the researcher estimated that $23 \\%$ of the students in the population saw a movie at least once per month. The margin of error for this estimation is $4 \\%$. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion about all students at the university, based on the given estimate and margin of error?\n A. It is unlikely that less than $23 \\%$ of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n B. At least 23\\%, but no more than $25 \\%$, of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n C. The researcher is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$ sure that most students see a movie at least once per month.\n D. It is plausible that the percentage of students who see a movie at least once per month is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A researcher surveyed a random sample of students from a large university about how often they see movies. Using the sample data, the researcher estimated that $23 \\%$ of the students in the population saw a movie at least once per month. The margin of error for this estimation is $4 \\%$. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion about all students at the university, based on the given estimate and margin of error?\n A. It is unlikely that less than $23 \\%$ of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n B. At least 23\\%, but no more than $25 \\%$, of the students see a movie at least once per month.\n C. The researcher is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$ sure that most students see a movie at least once per month.\n D. It is plausible that the percentage of students who see a movie at least once per month is between $19 \\%$ and $27 \\%$.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:48"}
{"index": 6, "query": "Question: $$m=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} P$$The formula above gives the monthly payment $m$ needed to pay off a loan of $P$ dollars at $r$ percent annual interest over $N$ months. Which of the following gives $P$ in terms of $m, r$, and $N$ ?\n A. $P=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} m$\n B. $P=\\frac{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1}{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}} m$\n C. $P=\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right) m$\n D. $P=\\left(\\frac{1,200}{r}\\right) m$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$m=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} P$$The formula above gives the monthly payment $m$ needed to pay off a loan of $P$ dollars at $r$ percent annual interest over $N$ months. Which of the following gives $P$ in terms of $m, r$, and $N$ ?\n A. $P=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} m$\n B. $P=\\frac{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1}{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}} m$\n C. $P=\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right) m$\n D. $P=\\left(\\frac{1,200}{r}\\right) m$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$m=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} P$$The formula above gives the monthly payment $m$ needed to pay off a loan of $P$ dollars at $r$ percent annual interest over $N$ months. Which of the following gives $P$ in terms of $m, r$, and $N$ ?\n A. $P=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} m$\n B. $P=\\frac{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1}{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}} m$\n C. $P=\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right) m$\n D. $P=\\left(\\frac{1,200}{r}\\right) m$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$m=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} P$$The formula above gives the monthly payment $m$ needed to pay off a loan of $P$ dollars at $r$ percent annual interest over $N$ months. Which of the following gives $P$ in terms of $m, r$, and $N$ ?\n A. $P=\\frac{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}}{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1} m$\n B. $P=\\frac{\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}-1}{\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)\\left(1+\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right)^{N}} m$\n C. $P=\\left(\\frac{r}{1,200}\\right) m$\n D. $P=\\left(\\frac{1,200}{r}\\right) m$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:6"}
{"index": 181, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& g(x)=2 x-1 \\\\& h(x)=1-g(x)\\end{aligned}$$The functions $g$ and $h$ are defined above. What is the value of $h(0)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& g(x)=2 x-1 \\\\& h(x)=1-g(x)\\end{aligned}$$The functions $g$ and $h$ are defined above. What is the value of $h(0)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& g(x)=2 x-1 \\\\& h(x)=1-g(x)\\end{aligned}$$The functions $g$ and $h$ are defined above. What is the value of $h(0)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& g(x)=2 x-1 \\\\& h(x)=1-g(x)\\end{aligned}$$The functions $g$ and $h$ are defined above. What is the value of $h(0)$ ?\n A. -2\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. 2\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 58, "query": "Question: The first year Eleanor organized a fund-raising event, she invited 30 people. For each of the next 5 years, she invited double the number of people she had invited the previous year. If $f(n)$ is the number of people invited to the fund-raiser $n$ years after Eleanor began organizing the event, which of the following statements best describes the function $f$ ?\n A. The function $f$ is a decreasing linear function.\n B. The function $f$ is an increasing linear function.\n C. The function $f$ is a decreasing exponential function.\n D. The function $f$ is an increasing exponential function.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: The first year Eleanor organized a fund-raising event, she invited 30 people. For each of the next 5 years, she invited double the number of people she had invited the previous year. If $f(n)$ is the number of people invited to the fund-raiser $n$ years after Eleanor began organizing the event, which of the following statements best describes the function $f$ ?\n A. The function $f$ is a decreasing linear function.\n B. The function $f$ is an increasing linear function.\n C. The function $f$ is a decreasing exponential function.\n D. The function $f$ is an increasing exponential function.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The first year Eleanor organized a fund-raising event, she invited 30 people. For each of the next 5 years, she invited double the number of people she had invited the previous year. If $f(n)$ is the number of people invited to the fund-raiser $n$ years after Eleanor began organizing the event, which of the following statements best describes the function $f$ ?\n A. The function $f$ is a decreasing linear function.\n B. The function $f$ is an increasing linear function.\n C. The function $f$ is a decreasing exponential function.\n D. The function $f$ is an increasing exponential function.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The first year Eleanor organized a fund-raising event, she invited 30 people. For each of the next 5 years, she invited double the number of people she had invited the previous year. If $f(n)$ is the number of people invited to the fund-raiser $n$ years after Eleanor began organizing the event, which of the following statements best describes the function $f$ ?\n A. The function $f$ is a decreasing linear function.\n B. The function $f$ is an increasing linear function.\n C. The function $f$ is a decreasing exponential function.\n D. The function $f$ is an increasing exponential function.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:58"}
{"index": 163, "query": "Question: Percent of Residents Who Earned a Bachelor's Degree or Higher\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hlineState & Percent of residents \\\\\\hlineState A & $21.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState B & $27.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState C & $25.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState D & $19.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState E & $30.1 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState F & $36.4 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState G & $35.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A survey was given to residents of all 50 states asking if they had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.The results from 7 of the states are given in the table above. The median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for all 50 states was $26.95 \\%$. What is the difference between the median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for these 7 states and the median for all 50 states?\n A. $0.05 \\%$\n B. $0.95 \\%$\n C. $1.22 \\%$\n D. $7.45 \\%$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Percent of Residents Who Earned a Bachelor's Degree or Higher\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hlineState & Percent of residents \\\\\\hlineState A & $21.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState B & $27.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState C & $25.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState D & $19.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState E & $30.1 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState F & $36.4 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState G & $35.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A survey was given to residents of all 50 states asking if they had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.The results from 7 of the states are given in the table above. The median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for all 50 states was $26.95 \\%$. What is the difference between the median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for these 7 states and the median for all 50 states?\n A. $0.05 \\%$\n B. $0.95 \\%$\n C. $1.22 \\%$\n D. $7.45 \\%$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Percent of Residents Who Earned a Bachelor's Degree or Higher\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hlineState & Percent of residents \\\\\\hlineState A & $21.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState B & $27.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState C & $25.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState D & $19.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState E & $30.1 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState F & $36.4 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState G & $35.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A survey was given to residents of all 50 states asking if they had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.The results from 7 of the states are given in the table above. The median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for all 50 states was $26.95 \\%$. What is the difference between the median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for these 7 states and the median for all 50 states?\n A. $0.05 \\%$\n B. $0.95 \\%$\n C. $1.22 \\%$\n D. $7.45 \\%$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Percent of Residents Who Earned a Bachelor's Degree or Higher\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hlineState & Percent of residents \\\\\\hlineState A & $21.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState B & $27.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState C & $25.9 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState D & $19.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState E & $30.1 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState F & $36.4 \\%$ \\\\\\hlineState G & $35.5 \\%$ \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A survey was given to residents of all 50 states asking if they had earned a bachelor's degree or higher.The results from 7 of the states are given in the table above. The median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for all 50 states was $26.95 \\%$. What is the difference between the median percent of residents who earned a bachelor's degree or higher for these 7 states and the median for all 50 states?\n A. $0.05 \\%$\n B. $0.95 \\%$\n C. $1.22 \\%$\n D. $7.45 \\%$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:163"}
{"index": 101, "query": "Question: $$\\sqrt{k+2}-x=0$$In the equation above, $k$ is a constant. If $x=9$, what is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 7\n C. 16\n D. 79\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\sqrt{k+2}-x=0$$In the equation above, $k$ is a constant. If $x=9$, what is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 7\n C. 16\n D. 79\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\sqrt{k+2}-x=0$$In the equation above, $k$ is a constant. If $x=9$, what is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 7\n C. 16\n D. 79\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\sqrt{k+2}-x=0$$In the equation above, $k$ is a constant. If $x=9$, what is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 7\n C. 16\n D. 79\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 117, "query": "Question: The density $d$ of an object is found by dividing the mass $m$ of the object by its volume $V$. Which of the following equations gives the mass $m$ in terms of $d$ and $V$ ?\n A. $m=d V$\n B. $m=\\frac{d}{V}$\n C. $m=\\frac{V}{d}$\n D. $m=V+d$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The density $d$ of an object is found by dividing the mass $m$ of the object by its volume $V$. Which of the following equations gives the mass $m$ in terms of $d$ and $V$ ?\n A. $m=d V$\n B. $m=\\frac{d}{V}$\n C. $m=\\frac{V}{d}$\n D. $m=V+d$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The density $d$ of an object is found by dividing the mass $m$ of the object by its volume $V$. Which of the following equations gives the mass $m$ in terms of $d$ and $V$ ?\n A. $m=d V$\n B. $m=\\frac{d}{V}$\n C. $m=\\frac{V}{d}$\n D. $m=V+d$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The density $d$ of an object is found by dividing the mass $m$ of the object by its volume $V$. Which of the following equations gives the mass $m$ in terms of $d$ and $V$ ?\n A. $m=d V$\n B. $m=\\frac{d}{V}$\n C. $m=\\frac{V}{d}$\n D. $m=V+d$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:117"}
{"index": 90, "query": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: At what price will the quantity of the product supplied to the market equal the quantity of the product demanded by the market?\n A. $\\$ 90$\n B. $\\$ 120$\n C. $\\$ 133$\n D. $\\$ 155$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: At what price will the quantity of the product supplied to the market equal the quantity of the product demanded by the market?\n A. $\\$ 90$\n B. $\\$ 120$\n C. $\\$ 133$\n D. $\\$ 155$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: At what price will the quantity of the product supplied to the market equal the quantity of the product demanded by the market?\n A. $\\$ 90$\n B. $\\$ 120$\n C. $\\$ 133$\n D. $\\$ 155$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: At what price will the quantity of the product supplied to the market equal the quantity of the product demanded by the market?\n A. $\\$ 90$\n B. $\\$ 120$\n C. $\\$ 133$\n D. $\\$ 155$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 133, "query": "Question: $$y=x^{2}-a$$In the equation above, $a$ is a positive constant and the graph of the equation in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following is an equivalent form of the equation?\n A. $y=(x+a)(x-a)$\n B. $y=(x+\\sqrt{a})(x-\\sqrt{a})$\n C. $y=\\left(x+\\frac{a}{2}\\right)\\left(x-\\frac{a}{2}\\right)$\n D. $y=(x+a)^{2}$ DIRECTIONS\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$y=x^{2}-a$$In the equation above, $a$ is a positive constant and the graph of the equation in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following is an equivalent form of the equation?\n A. $y=(x+a)(x-a)$\n B. $y=(x+\\sqrt{a})(x-\\sqrt{a})$\n C. $y=\\left(x+\\frac{a}{2}\\right)\\left(x-\\frac{a}{2}\\right)$\n D. $y=(x+a)^{2}$ DIRECTIONS\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$y=x^{2}-a$$In the equation above, $a$ is a positive constant and the graph of the equation in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following is an equivalent form of the equation?\n A. $y=(x+a)(x-a)$\n B. $y=(x+\\sqrt{a})(x-\\sqrt{a})$\n C. $y=\\left(x+\\frac{a}{2}\\right)\\left(x-\\frac{a}{2}\\right)$\n D. $y=(x+a)^{2}$ DIRECTIONS\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$y=x^{2}-a$$In the equation above, $a$ is a positive constant and the graph of the equation in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following is an equivalent form of the equation?\n A. $y=(x+a)(x-a)$\n B. $y=(x+\\sqrt{a})(x-\\sqrt{a})$\n C. $y=\\left(x+\\frac{a}{2}\\right)\\left(x-\\frac{a}{2}\\right)$\n D. $y=(x+a)^{2}$ DIRECTIONS\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:133"}
{"index": 194, "query": "Question: $$2 a x-15=3(x+5)+5(x-1)$$In the equation above, $a$ is a constant. If no value of $x$ satisfies the equation, what is the value of $a$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 4\n D. 8\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: $$2 a x-15=3(x+5)+5(x-1)$$In the equation above, $a$ is a constant. If no value of $x$ satisfies the equation, what is the value of $a$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 4\n D. 8\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$2 a x-15=3(x+5)+5(x-1)$$In the equation above, $a$ is a constant. If no value of $x$ satisfies the equation, what is the value of $a$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 4\n D. 8\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$2 a x-15=3(x+5)+5(x-1)$$In the equation above, $a$ is a constant. If no value of $x$ satisfies the equation, what is the value of $a$ ?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 4\n D. 8\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:194"}
{"index": 152, "query": "Question: Which of the following ordered pairs $(x, y)$ satisfies the inequality $5 x-3 y<4$ ?I. $(1,1)$II. $(2,5)$III. $(3,2)$\n A. I only\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following ordered pairs $(x, y)$ satisfies the inequality $5 x-3 y<4$ ?I. $(1,1)$II. $(2,5)$III. $(3,2)$\n A. I only\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following ordered pairs $(x, y)$ satisfies the inequality $5 x-3 y<4$ ?I. $(1,1)$II. $(2,5)$III. $(3,2)$\n A. I only\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following ordered pairs $(x, y)$ satisfies the inequality $5 x-3 y<4$ ?I. $(1,1)$II. $(2,5)$III. $(3,2)$\n A. I only\n B. II only\n C. I and II only\n D. I and III only\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:152"}
{"index": 28, "query": "Question: Which of the following is an equation of a circle in the $x y$-plane with center $(0,4)$ and a radius with endpoint $\\left(\\frac{4}{3}, 5\\right) ?$\n A. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n B. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n C. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{5}{3}$\n D. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{3}{5}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is an equation of a circle in the $x y$-plane with center $(0,4)$ and a radius with endpoint $\\left(\\frac{4}{3}, 5\\right) ?$\n A. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n B. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n C. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{5}{3}$\n D. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{3}{5}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is an equation of a circle in the $x y$-plane with center $(0,4)$ and a radius with endpoint $\\left(\\frac{4}{3}, 5\\right) ?$\n A. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n B. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n C. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{5}{3}$\n D. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{3}{5}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following is an equation of a circle in the $x y$-plane with center $(0,4)$ and a radius with endpoint $\\left(\\frac{4}{3}, 5\\right) ?$\n A. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n B. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{25}{9}$\n C. $x^{2}+(y-4)^{2}=\\frac{5}{3}$\n D. $x^{2}+(y+4)^{2}=\\frac{3}{5}$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:28"}
{"index": 139, "query": "Question: A company that makes wildlife videos purchases camera equipment for $\\$ 32,400$. The equipment depreciates in value at a constant rate for 12 years, after which it is considered to have no monetary value. How much is the camera equipment worth 4 years after it is purchased?\n A. $\\$ 10,800$\n B. $\\$ 16,200$\n C. $\\$ 21,600$\n D. $\\$ 29,700$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A company that makes wildlife videos purchases camera equipment for $\\$ 32,400$. The equipment depreciates in value at a constant rate for 12 years, after which it is considered to have no monetary value. How much is the camera equipment worth 4 years after it is purchased?\n A. $\\$ 10,800$\n B. $\\$ 16,200$\n C. $\\$ 21,600$\n D. $\\$ 29,700$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A company that makes wildlife videos purchases camera equipment for $\\$ 32,400$. The equipment depreciates in value at a constant rate for 12 years, after which it is considered to have no monetary value. How much is the camera equipment worth 4 years after it is purchased?\n A. $\\$ 10,800$\n B. $\\$ 16,200$\n C. $\\$ 21,600$\n D. $\\$ 29,700$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A company that makes wildlife videos purchases camera equipment for $\\$ 32,400$. The equipment depreciates in value at a constant rate for 12 years, after which it is considered to have no monetary value. How much is the camera equipment worth 4 years after it is purchased?\n A. $\\$ 10,800$\n B. $\\$ 16,200$\n C. $\\$ 21,600$\n D. $\\$ 29,700$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 50, "query": "Question: A book was on sale for $40 \\%$ off its original price. If the sale price of the book was $\\$ 18.00$, what was the original price of the book? (Assume there is no sales tax.)\n A. $\\$ 7.20$\n B. $\\$ 10.80$\n C. $\\$ 30.00$\n D. $\\$ 45.00$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A book was on sale for $40 \\%$ off its original price. If the sale price of the book was $\\$ 18.00$, what was the original price of the book? (Assume there is no sales tax.)\n A. $\\$ 7.20$\n B. $\\$ 10.80$\n C. $\\$ 30.00$\n D. $\\$ 45.00$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A book was on sale for $40 \\%$ off its original price. If the sale price of the book was $\\$ 18.00$, what was the original price of the book? (Assume there is no sales tax.)\n A. $\\$ 7.20$\n B. $\\$ 10.80$\n C. $\\$ 30.00$\n D. $\\$ 45.00$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A book was on sale for $40 \\%$ off its original price. If the sale price of the book was $\\$ 18.00$, what was the original price of the book? (Assume there is no sales tax.)\n A. $\\$ 7.20$\n B. $\\$ 10.80$\n C. $\\$ 30.00$\n D. $\\$ 45.00$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 53, "query": "Question: The volume of a sphere is given by the formula $V=\\frac{4}{3} \\pi r^{3}$, where $r$ is the radius of the sphere. Which of the following gives the radius of the sphere in terms of the volume of the sphere?\n A. $\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}$\n B. $\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}$\n C. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}}$\n D. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: The volume of a sphere is given by the formula $V=\\frac{4}{3} \\pi r^{3}$, where $r$ is the radius of the sphere. Which of the following gives the radius of the sphere in terms of the volume of the sphere?\n A. $\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}$\n B. $\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}$\n C. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}}$\n D. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The volume of a sphere is given by the formula $V=\\frac{4}{3} \\pi r^{3}$, where $r$ is the radius of the sphere. Which of the following gives the radius of the sphere in terms of the volume of the sphere?\n A. $\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}$\n B. $\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}$\n C. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}}$\n D. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The volume of a sphere is given by the formula $V=\\frac{4}{3} \\pi r^{3}$, where $r$ is the radius of the sphere. Which of the following gives the radius of the sphere in terms of the volume of the sphere?\n A. $\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}$\n B. $\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}$\n C. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{4 \\pi}{3 V}}$\n D. $\\sqrt[3]{\\frac{3 V}{4 \\pi}}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:53"}
{"index": 31, "query": "Question: A square field measures 10 meters by 10 meters. Ten students each mark off a randomly selected region of the field; each region is square and has side lengths of 1 meter, and no two regions overlap. The students count the earthworms contained in the soil to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in each region. The results are shown in the table below.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineRegion & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ & Region & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineA & 107 & $\\mathrm{~F}$ & 141 \\\\\\hlineB & 147 & $\\mathrm{G}$ & 150 \\\\\\hlineC & 146 & $\\mathrm{H}$ & 154 \\\\\\hlineD & 135 & $\\mathrm{I}$ & 176 \\\\\\hlineE & 149 & $\\mathrm{~J}$ & 166 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Which of the following is a reasonable approximation of the number of earthworms to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in the entire field?\n A. $\\quad 150$\n B. $\\quad 1,500$\n C. 15,000\n D. 150,000\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A square field measures 10 meters by 10 meters. Ten students each mark off a randomly selected region of the field; each region is square and has side lengths of 1 meter, and no two regions overlap. The students count the earthworms contained in the soil to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in each region. The results are shown in the table below.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineRegion & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ & Region & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineA & 107 & $\\mathrm{~F}$ & 141 \\\\\\hlineB & 147 & $\\mathrm{G}$ & 150 \\\\\\hlineC & 146 & $\\mathrm{H}$ & 154 \\\\\\hlineD & 135 & $\\mathrm{I}$ & 176 \\\\\\hlineE & 149 & $\\mathrm{~J}$ & 166 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Which of the following is a reasonable approximation of the number of earthworms to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in the entire field?\n A. $\\quad 150$\n B. $\\quad 1,500$\n C. 15,000\n D. 150,000\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A square field measures 10 meters by 10 meters. Ten students each mark off a randomly selected region of the field; each region is square and has side lengths of 1 meter, and no two regions overlap. The students count the earthworms contained in the soil to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in each region. The results are shown in the table below.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineRegion & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ & Region & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineA & 107 & $\\mathrm{~F}$ & 141 \\\\\\hlineB & 147 & $\\mathrm{G}$ & 150 \\\\\\hlineC & 146 & $\\mathrm{H}$ & 154 \\\\\\hlineD & 135 & $\\mathrm{I}$ & 176 \\\\\\hlineE & 149 & $\\mathrm{~J}$ & 166 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Which of the following is a reasonable approximation of the number of earthworms to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in the entire field?\n A. $\\quad 150$\n B. $\\quad 1,500$\n C. 15,000\n D. 150,000\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A square field measures 10 meters by 10 meters. Ten students each mark off a randomly selected region of the field; each region is square and has side lengths of 1 meter, and no two regions overlap. The students count the earthworms contained in the soil to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in each region. The results are shown in the table below.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hlineRegion & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ & Region & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of } \\\\ \\text { earthworms }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineA & 107 & $\\mathrm{~F}$ & 141 \\\\\\hlineB & 147 & $\\mathrm{G}$ & 150 \\\\\\hlineC & 146 & $\\mathrm{H}$ & 154 \\\\\\hlineD & 135 & $\\mathrm{I}$ & 176 \\\\\\hlineE & 149 & $\\mathrm{~J}$ & 166 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Which of the following is a reasonable approximation of the number of earthworms to a depth of 5 centimeters beneath the ground's surface in the entire field?\n A. $\\quad 150$\n B. $\\quad 1,500$\n C. 15,000\n D. 150,000\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:31"}
{"index": 62, "query": "Question: $$\\frac{2}{3}(9 x-6)-4=9 x-6$$Based on the equation above, what is the value of $3 x-2$ ?\n A. -4\n B. $-\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $-\\frac{2}{3}$\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{2}{3}(9 x-6)-4=9 x-6$$Based on the equation above, what is the value of $3 x-2$ ?\n A. -4\n B. $-\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $-\\frac{2}{3}$\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{2}{3}(9 x-6)-4=9 x-6$$Based on the equation above, what is the value of $3 x-2$ ?\n A. -4\n B. $-\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $-\\frac{2}{3}$\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\frac{2}{3}(9 x-6)-4=9 x-6$$Based on the equation above, what is the value of $3 x-2$ ?\n A. -4\n B. $-\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $-\\frac{2}{3}$\n D. 4\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 155, "query": "Question: Lani spent $15 \\%$ of her 8-hour workday in meetings. How many minutes of her workday did she spend in meetings?\n A. 1.2\n B. 15\n C. 48\n D. 72\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Lani spent $15 \\%$ of her 8-hour workday in meetings. How many minutes of her workday did she spend in meetings?\n A. 1.2\n B. 15\n C. 48\n D. 72\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Lani spent $15 \\%$ of her 8-hour workday in meetings. How many minutes of her workday did she spend in meetings?\n A. 1.2\n B. 15\n C. 48\n D. 72\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Lani spent $15 \\%$ of her 8-hour workday in meetings. How many minutes of her workday did she spend in meetings?\n A. 1.2\n B. 15\n C. 48\n D. 72\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:155"}
{"index": 8, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{array}{r}3 x+4 y=-23 \\\\2 y-x=-19\\end{array}$$What is the solution $(x, y)$ to the system of equations above?\n A. $(-5,-2)$\n B. $(3,-8)$\n C. $(4,-6)$\n D. $(9,-6)$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{array}{r}3 x+4 y=-23 \\\\2 y-x=-19\\end{array}$$What is the solution $(x, y)$ to the system of equations above?\n A. $(-5,-2)$\n B. $(3,-8)$\n C. $(4,-6)$\n D. $(9,-6)$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{array}{r}3 x+4 y=-23 \\\\2 y-x=-19\\end{array}$$What is the solution $(x, y)$ to the system of equations above?\n A. $(-5,-2)$\n B. $(3,-8)$\n C. $(4,-6)$\n D. $(9,-6)$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{array}{r}3 x+4 y=-23 \\\\2 y-x=-19\\end{array}$$What is the solution $(x, y)$ to the system of equations above?\n A. $(-5,-2)$\n B. $(3,-8)$\n C. $(4,-6)$\n D. $(9,-6)$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:8"}
{"index": 29, "query": "Question: $$h=-4.9 t^{2}+25 t$$The equation above expresses the approximate height $h$, in meters, of a ball $t$ seconds after it is launched vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 25 meters per second. After approximately how many seconds will the ball hit the ground?\n A. 3.5\n B. 4.0\n C. 4.5\n D. 5.0\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: $$h=-4.9 t^{2}+25 t$$The equation above expresses the approximate height $h$, in meters, of a ball $t$ seconds after it is launched vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 25 meters per second. After approximately how many seconds will the ball hit the ground?\n A. 3.5\n B. 4.0\n C. 4.5\n D. 5.0\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$h=-4.9 t^{2}+25 t$$The equation above expresses the approximate height $h$, in meters, of a ball $t$ seconds after it is launched vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 25 meters per second. After approximately how many seconds will the ball hit the ground?\n A. 3.5\n B. 4.0\n C. 4.5\n D. 5.0\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$h=-4.9 t^{2}+25 t$$The equation above expresses the approximate height $h$, in meters, of a ball $t$ seconds after it is launched vertically upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 25 meters per second. After approximately how many seconds will the ball hit the ground?\n A. 3.5\n B. 4.0\n C. 4.5\n D. 5.0\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:29"}
{"index": 34, "query": "Question: A television with a price of $\\$ 300$ is to be purchased with an initial payment of $\\$ 60$ and weekly payments of $\\$ 30$. Which of the following equations can be used to find the number of weekly payments, $w$, required to complete the purchase, assuming there are no taxes or fees?\n A. $300=30 w-60$\n B. $300=30 w$\n C. $300=30 w+60$\n D. $300=60 w-30$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A television with a price of $\\$ 300$ is to be purchased with an initial payment of $\\$ 60$ and weekly payments of $\\$ 30$. Which of the following equations can be used to find the number of weekly payments, $w$, required to complete the purchase, assuming there are no taxes or fees?\n A. $300=30 w-60$\n B. $300=30 w$\n C. $300=30 w+60$\n D. $300=60 w-30$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A television with a price of $\\$ 300$ is to be purchased with an initial payment of $\\$ 60$ and weekly payments of $\\$ 30$. Which of the following equations can be used to find the number of weekly payments, $w$, required to complete the purchase, assuming there are no taxes or fees?\n A. $300=30 w-60$\n B. $300=30 w$\n C. $300=30 w+60$\n D. $300=60 w-30$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A television with a price of $\\$ 300$ is to be purchased with an initial payment of $\\$ 60$ and weekly payments of $\\$ 30$. Which of the following equations can be used to find the number of weekly payments, $w$, required to complete the purchase, assuming there are no taxes or fees?\n A. $300=30 w-60$\n B. $300=30 w$\n C. $300=30 w+60$\n D. $300=60 w-30$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 193, "query": "Question: If $\\frac{8}{x}=160$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 1,280\n B. 80\n C. 20\n D. 0.05\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{8}{x}=160$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 1,280\n B. 80\n C. 20\n D. 0.05\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{8}{x}=160$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 1,280\n B. 80\n C. 20\n D. 0.05\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $\\frac{8}{x}=160$, what is the value of $x ?$\n A. 1,280\n B. 80\n C. 20\n D. 0.05\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:193"}
{"index": 94, "query": "Question: Mr. Kohl has a beaker containing $n$ milliliters of solution to distribute to the students in his chemistry class. If he gives each student 3 milliliters of solution, he will have 5 milliliters left over. In order to give each student 4 milliliters of solution, he will need an additional 21 milliliters. How many students are in the class?\n A. 16\n B. 21\n C. 23\n D. 26\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Mr. Kohl has a beaker containing $n$ milliliters of solution to distribute to the students in his chemistry class. If he gives each student 3 milliliters of solution, he will have 5 milliliters left over. In order to give each student 4 milliliters of solution, he will need an additional 21 milliliters. How many students are in the class?\n A. 16\n B. 21\n C. 23\n D. 26\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Mr. Kohl has a beaker containing $n$ milliliters of solution to distribute to the students in his chemistry class. If he gives each student 3 milliliters of solution, he will have 5 milliliters left over. In order to give each student 4 milliliters of solution, he will need an additional 21 milliliters. How many students are in the class?\n A. 16\n B. 21\n C. 23\n D. 26\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Mr. Kohl has a beaker containing $n$ milliliters of solution to distribute to the students in his chemistry class. If he gives each student 3 milliliters of solution, he will have 5 milliliters left over. In order to give each student 4 milliliters of solution, he will need an additional 21 milliliters. How many students are in the class?\n A. 16\n B. 21\n C. 23\n D. 26\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:94"}
{"index": 22, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\cline { 3 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Course} & \\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & Algebra I & Geometry & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Algebra } \\\\ \\text { II }\\end{array}$ & \\multirow{2}{*}{Total} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Female & 35 & 53 & 62 &  \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& Male & 44 & 59 & 57 & 160 \\\\\\hline& Total & 79 & 112 & 119 & 310 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in. The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?\n A. Females taking Geometry\n B. Females taking Algebra II\n C. Males taking Geometry\n D. Males taking Algebra I\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\cline { 3 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Course} & \\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & Algebra I & Geometry & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Algebra } \\\\ \\text { II }\\end{array}$ & \\multirow{2}{*}{Total} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Female & 35 & 53 & 62 &  \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& Male & 44 & 59 & 57 & 160 \\\\\\hline& Total & 79 & 112 & 119 & 310 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in. The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?\n A. Females taking Geometry\n B. Females taking Algebra II\n C. Males taking Geometry\n D. Males taking Algebra I\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\cline { 3 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Course} & \\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & Algebra I & Geometry & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Algebra } \\\\ \\text { II }\\end{array}$ & \\multirow{2}{*}{Total} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Female & 35 & 53 & 62 &  \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& Male & 44 & 59 & 57 & 160 \\\\\\hline& Total & 79 & 112 & 119 & 310 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in. The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?\n A. Females taking Geometry\n B. Females taking Algebra II\n C. Males taking Geometry\n D. Males taking Algebra I\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\\cline { 3 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Course} & \\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }\\multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & Algebra I & Geometry & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Algebra } \\\\ \\text { II }\\end{array}$ & \\multirow{2}{*}{Total} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Female & 35 & 53 & 62 &  \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& Male & 44 & 59 & 57 & 160 \\\\\\hline& Total & 79 & 112 & 119 & 310 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in. The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?\n A. Females taking Geometry\n B. Females taking Algebra II\n C. Males taking Geometry\n D. Males taking Algebra I\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Question: A certain package requires 3 centimeters of tape to be closed securely. What is the maximum number of packages of this type that can be secured with 6 meters of tape? $(1$ meter $=100 \\mathrm{~cm})$\n A. 100\n B. 150\n C. 200\n D. 300\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A certain package requires 3 centimeters of tape to be closed securely. What is the maximum number of packages of this type that can be secured with 6 meters of tape? $(1$ meter $=100 \\mathrm{~cm})$\n A. 100\n B. 150\n C. 200\n D. 300\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A certain package requires 3 centimeters of tape to be closed securely. What is the maximum number of packages of this type that can be secured with 6 meters of tape? $(1$ meter $=100 \\mathrm{~cm})$\n A. 100\n B. 150\n C. 200\n D. 300\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A certain package requires 3 centimeters of tape to be closed securely. What is the maximum number of packages of this type that can be secured with 6 meters of tape? $(1$ meter $=100 \\mathrm{~cm})$\n A. 100\n B. 150\n C. 200\n D. 300\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 183, "query": "Question: In a random sample of 200 cars of a particular model, 3 have a manufacturing defect. At this rate, how many of 10,000 cars of the same model will have a manufacturing defect?\n A. 150\n B. 200\n C. 250\n D. 300\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: In a random sample of 200 cars of a particular model, 3 have a manufacturing defect. At this rate, how many of 10,000 cars of the same model will have a manufacturing defect?\n A. 150\n B. 200\n C. 250\n D. 300\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In a random sample of 200 cars of a particular model, 3 have a manufacturing defect. At this rate, how many of 10,000 cars of the same model will have a manufacturing defect?\n A. 150\n B. 200\n C. 250\n D. 300\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In a random sample of 200 cars of a particular model, 3 have a manufacturing defect. At this rate, how many of 10,000 cars of the same model will have a manufacturing defect?\n A. 150\n B. 200\n C. 250\n D. 300\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:183"}
{"index": 71, "query": "Question: The line $y=k x+4$, where $k$ is a constant, is graphed in the $x y$-plane. If the line contains the point $(c, d)$, where $c \\neq 0$ and $d \\neq 0$, what is the slope of the line in terms of $c$ and $d$ ?\n A. $\\frac{d-4}{c}$\n B. $\\frac{c-4}{d}$\n C. $\\frac{4-d}{c}$\n D. $\\frac{4-c}{d}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The line $y=k x+4$, where $k$ is a constant, is graphed in the $x y$-plane. If the line contains the point $(c, d)$, where $c \\neq 0$ and $d \\neq 0$, what is the slope of the line in terms of $c$ and $d$ ?\n A. $\\frac{d-4}{c}$\n B. $\\frac{c-4}{d}$\n C. $\\frac{4-d}{c}$\n D. $\\frac{4-c}{d}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The line $y=k x+4$, where $k$ is a constant, is graphed in the $x y$-plane. If the line contains the point $(c, d)$, where $c \\neq 0$ and $d \\neq 0$, what is the slope of the line in terms of $c$ and $d$ ?\n A. $\\frac{d-4}{c}$\n B. $\\frac{c-4}{d}$\n C. $\\frac{4-d}{c}$\n D. $\\frac{4-c}{d}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The line $y=k x+4$, where $k$ is a constant, is graphed in the $x y$-plane. If the line contains the point $(c, d)$, where $c \\neq 0$ and $d \\neq 0$, what is the slope of the line in terms of $c$ and $d$ ?\n A. $\\frac{d-4}{c}$\n B. $\\frac{c-4}{d}$\n C. $\\frac{4-d}{c}$\n D. $\\frac{4-c}{d}$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:71"}
{"index": 113, "query": "Question: The weight of an object on Venus is approximately $\\frac{9}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. The weight of an object on Jupiter is approximately $\\frac{23}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. If an object weighs 100 pounds on Earth, approximately how many more pounds does it weigh on Jupiter than it weighs on Venus?\n A. 90\n B. 111\n C. 140\n D. 230\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: The weight of an object on Venus is approximately $\\frac{9}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. The weight of an object on Jupiter is approximately $\\frac{23}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. If an object weighs 100 pounds on Earth, approximately how many more pounds does it weigh on Jupiter than it weighs on Venus?\n A. 90\n B. 111\n C. 140\n D. 230\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The weight of an object on Venus is approximately $\\frac{9}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. The weight of an object on Jupiter is approximately $\\frac{23}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. If an object weighs 100 pounds on Earth, approximately how many more pounds does it weigh on Jupiter than it weighs on Venus?\n A. 90\n B. 111\n C. 140\n D. 230\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The weight of an object on Venus is approximately $\\frac{9}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. The weight of an object on Jupiter is approximately $\\frac{23}{10}$ of its weight on Earth. If an object weighs 100 pounds on Earth, approximately how many more pounds does it weigh on Jupiter than it weighs on Venus?\n A. 90\n B. 111\n C. 140\n D. 230\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:113"}
{"index": 147, "query": "Question: The expression $\\frac{1}{3} x^{2}-2$ can be rewritten as $\\frac{1}{3}(x-k)(x+k)$, where $k$ is a positive constant.What is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. $\\sqrt{2}$\n D. $\\sqrt{6}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: The expression $\\frac{1}{3} x^{2}-2$ can be rewritten as $\\frac{1}{3}(x-k)(x+k)$, where $k$ is a positive constant.What is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. $\\sqrt{2}$\n D. $\\sqrt{6}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The expression $\\frac{1}{3} x^{2}-2$ can be rewritten as $\\frac{1}{3}(x-k)(x+k)$, where $k$ is a positive constant.What is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. $\\sqrt{2}$\n D. $\\sqrt{6}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The expression $\\frac{1}{3} x^{2}-2$ can be rewritten as $\\frac{1}{3}(x-k)(x+k)$, where $k$ is a positive constant.What is the value of $k$ ?\n A. 2\n B. 6\n C. $\\sqrt{2}$\n D. $\\sqrt{6}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:147"}
{"index": 45, "query": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $2 x\\left(x^{2}-3 x\\right)$ ?\n A. $-4 x^{2}$\n B. $3 x^{3}-x^{2}$\n C. $2 x^{3}-3 x$\n D. $2 x^{3}-6 x^{2}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $2 x\\left(x^{2}-3 x\\right)$ ?\n A. $-4 x^{2}$\n B. $3 x^{3}-x^{2}$\n C. $2 x^{3}-3 x$\n D. $2 x^{3}-6 x^{2}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $2 x\\left(x^{2}-3 x\\right)$ ?\n A. $-4 x^{2}$\n B. $3 x^{3}-x^{2}$\n C. $2 x^{3}-3 x$\n D. $2 x^{3}-6 x^{2}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following is equivalent to $2 x\\left(x^{2}-3 x\\right)$ ?\n A. $-4 x^{2}$\n B. $3 x^{3}-x^{2}$\n C. $2 x^{3}-3 x$\n D. $2 x^{3}-6 x^{2}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:45"}
{"index": 82, "query": "Question: If $\\frac{3}{5} w=\\frac{4}{3}$, what is the value of $w ?$\n A. $\\frac{9}{20}$\n B. $\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $\\frac{5}{4}$\n D. $\\frac{20}{9}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{3}{5} w=\\frac{4}{3}$, what is the value of $w ?$\n A. $\\frac{9}{20}$\n B. $\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $\\frac{5}{4}$\n D. $\\frac{20}{9}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $\\frac{3}{5} w=\\frac{4}{3}$, what is the value of $w ?$\n A. $\\frac{9}{20}$\n B. $\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $\\frac{5}{4}$\n D. $\\frac{20}{9}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $\\frac{3}{5} w=\\frac{4}{3}$, what is the value of $w ?$\n A. $\\frac{9}{20}$\n B. $\\frac{4}{5}$\n C. $\\frac{5}{4}$\n D. $\\frac{20}{9}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:82"}
{"index": 213, "query": "Question: The weights, in pounds, for 15 horses in a stable were reported, and the mean, median, range, and standard deviation for the data were found. The horse with the lowest reported weight was found to actually weigh 10 pounds less than its reported weight. What value remains unchanged if the four values are reported using the corrected weight?\n A. Mean\n B. Median\n C. Range\n D. Standard deviation\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The weights, in pounds, for 15 horses in a stable were reported, and the mean, median, range, and standard deviation for the data were found. The horse with the lowest reported weight was found to actually weigh 10 pounds less than its reported weight. What value remains unchanged if the four values are reported using the corrected weight?\n A. Mean\n B. Median\n C. Range\n D. Standard deviation\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The weights, in pounds, for 15 horses in a stable were reported, and the mean, median, range, and standard deviation for the data were found. The horse with the lowest reported weight was found to actually weigh 10 pounds less than its reported weight. What value remains unchanged if the four values are reported using the corrected weight?\n A. Mean\n B. Median\n C. Range\n D. Standard deviation\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The weights, in pounds, for 15 horses in a stable were reported, and the mean, median, range, and standard deviation for the data were found. The horse with the lowest reported weight was found to actually weigh 10 pounds less than its reported weight. What value remains unchanged if the four values are reported using the corrected weight?\n A. Mean\n B. Median\n C. Range\n D. Standard deviation\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:213"}
{"index": 114, "query": "Question: An online bookstore sells novels and magazines. Each novel sells for $\\$ 4$, and each magazine sells for $\\$ 1$. If Sadie purchased a total of 11 novels and magazines that have a combined selling price of $\\$ 20$, how many novels did she purchase?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: An online bookstore sells novels and magazines. Each novel sells for $\\$ 4$, and each magazine sells for $\\$ 1$. If Sadie purchased a total of 11 novels and magazines that have a combined selling price of $\\$ 20$, how many novels did she purchase?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: An online bookstore sells novels and magazines. Each novel sells for $\\$ 4$, and each magazine sells for $\\$ 1$. If Sadie purchased a total of 11 novels and magazines that have a combined selling price of $\\$ 20$, how many novels did she purchase?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: An online bookstore sells novels and magazines. Each novel sells for $\\$ 4$, and each magazine sells for $\\$ 1$. If Sadie purchased a total of 11 novels and magazines that have a combined selling price of $\\$ 20$, how many novels did she purchase?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:114"}
{"index": 136, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& x=y-3 \\\\& \\frac{x}{2}+2 y=6\\end{aligned}$$Which ordered pair $(x, y)$ satisfies the system of equations shown above?\n A. $(-3,0)$\n B. $(0,3)$\n C. $(6,-3)$\n D. $(36,-6)$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& x=y-3 \\\\& \\frac{x}{2}+2 y=6\\end{aligned}$$Which ordered pair $(x, y)$ satisfies the system of equations shown above?\n A. $(-3,0)$\n B. $(0,3)$\n C. $(6,-3)$\n D. $(36,-6)$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& x=y-3 \\\\& \\frac{x}{2}+2 y=6\\end{aligned}$$Which ordered pair $(x, y)$ satisfies the system of equations shown above?\n A. $(-3,0)$\n B. $(0,3)$\n C. $(6,-3)$\n D. $(36,-6)$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& x=y-3 \\\\& \\frac{x}{2}+2 y=6\\end{aligned}$$Which ordered pair $(x, y)$ satisfies the system of equations shown above?\n A. $(-3,0)$\n B. $(0,3)$\n C. $(6,-3)$\n D. $(36,-6)$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:136"}
{"index": 116, "query": "Question: Which of the following is an equivalent form of $(1.5 x-2.4)^{2}-\\left(5.2 x^{2}-6.4\\right) ?$\n A. $-2.2 x^{2}+1.6$\n B. $-2.2 x^{2}+11.2$\n C. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+12.16$\n D. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+0.64$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is an equivalent form of $(1.5 x-2.4)^{2}-\\left(5.2 x^{2}-6.4\\right) ?$\n A. $-2.2 x^{2}+1.6$\n B. $-2.2 x^{2}+11.2$\n C. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+12.16$\n D. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+0.64$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Which of the following is an equivalent form of $(1.5 x-2.4)^{2}-\\left(5.2 x^{2}-6.4\\right) ?$\n A. $-2.2 x^{2}+1.6$\n B. $-2.2 x^{2}+11.2$\n C. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+12.16$\n D. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+0.64$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Which of the following is an equivalent form of $(1.5 x-2.4)^{2}-\\left(5.2 x^{2}-6.4\\right) ?$\n A. $-2.2 x^{2}+1.6$\n B. $-2.2 x^{2}+11.2$\n C. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+12.16$\n D. $-2.95 x^{2}-7.2 x+0.64$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 205, "query": "Question: A cargo helicopter delivers only 100-pound packages and 120-pound packages. For each delivery trip, the helicopter must carry at least 10 packages, and the total weight of the packages can be at most 1,100 pounds. What is the maximum number of 120-pound packages that the helicopter can carry per trip?\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 5\n D. 6\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A cargo helicopter delivers only 100-pound packages and 120-pound packages. For each delivery trip, the helicopter must carry at least 10 packages, and the total weight of the packages can be at most 1,100 pounds. What is the maximum number of 120-pound packages that the helicopter can carry per trip?\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 5\n D. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A cargo helicopter delivers only 100-pound packages and 120-pound packages. For each delivery trip, the helicopter must carry at least 10 packages, and the total weight of the packages can be at most 1,100 pounds. What is the maximum number of 120-pound packages that the helicopter can carry per trip?\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 5\n D. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A cargo helicopter delivers only 100-pound packages and 120-pound packages. For each delivery trip, the helicopter must carry at least 10 packages, and the total weight of the packages can be at most 1,100 pounds. What is the maximum number of 120-pound packages that the helicopter can carry per trip?\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 5\n D. 6\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:205"}
{"index": 18, "query": "Question: For what value of $n$ is $|n-1|+1$ equal to 0 ?\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. There is no such value of $n$.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: For what value of $n$ is $|n-1|+1$ equal to 0 ?\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. There is no such value of $n$.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: For what value of $n$ is $|n-1|+1$ equal to 0 ?\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. There is no such value of $n$.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: For what value of $n$ is $|n-1|+1$ equal to 0 ?\n A. 0\n B. 1\n C. 2\n D. There is no such value of $n$.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:18"}
{"index": 144, "query": "Question: The function $f$ is defined by $f(x)=(x+3)(x+1)$. The graph of $f$ in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the $x$-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of $f$ ?\n A. $-4<x<-3$\n B. $-3<x<1$\n C. $1<x<3$\n D. $3<x<4$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The function $f$ is defined by $f(x)=(x+3)(x+1)$. The graph of $f$ in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the $x$-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of $f$ ?\n A. $-4<x<-3$\n B. $-3<x<1$\n C. $1<x<3$\n D. $3<x<4$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The function $f$ is defined by $f(x)=(x+3)(x+1)$. The graph of $f$ in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the $x$-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of $f$ ?\n A. $-4<x<-3$\n B. $-3<x<1$\n C. $1<x<3$\n D. $3<x<4$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The function $f$ is defined by $f(x)=(x+3)(x+1)$. The graph of $f$ in the $x y$-plane is a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the $x$-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of $f$ ?\n A. $-4<x<-3$\n B. $-3<x<1$\n C. $1<x<3$\n D. $3<x<4$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:144"}
{"index": 110, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline1 & 5 \\\\\\hline3 & 13 \\\\\\hline5 & 21 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of the linear function $f$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(x)=2 x+3$\n B. $f(x)=3 x+2$\n C. $f(x)=4 x+1$\n D. $f(x)=5 x$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline1 & 5 \\\\\\hline3 & 13 \\\\\\hline5 & 21 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of the linear function $f$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(x)=2 x+3$\n B. $f(x)=3 x+2$\n C. $f(x)=4 x+1$\n D. $f(x)=5 x$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline1 & 5 \\\\\\hline3 & 13 \\\\\\hline5 & 21 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of the linear function $f$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(x)=2 x+3$\n B. $f(x)=3 x+2$\n C. $f(x)=4 x+1$\n D. $f(x)=5 x$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline1 & 5 \\\\\\hline3 & 13 \\\\\\hline5 & 21 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Some values of the linear function $f$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(x)=2 x+3$\n B. $f(x)=3 x+2$\n C. $f(x)=4 x+1$\n D. $f(x)=5 x$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:110"}
{"index": 217, "query": "Question: $$h(x)=-16 x^{2}+100 x+10$$The quadratic function above models the height above the ground $h$, in feet, of a projectile $x$ seconds after it had been launched vertically. If $y=h(x)$ is graphed in the $x y$-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive $x$-intercept of the graph?\n A. The initial height of the projectile\n B. The maximum height of the projectile\n C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height\n D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: $$h(x)=-16 x^{2}+100 x+10$$The quadratic function above models the height above the ground $h$, in feet, of a projectile $x$ seconds after it had been launched vertically. If $y=h(x)$ is graphed in the $x y$-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive $x$-intercept of the graph?\n A. The initial height of the projectile\n B. The maximum height of the projectile\n C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height\n D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$h(x)=-16 x^{2}+100 x+10$$The quadratic function above models the height above the ground $h$, in feet, of a projectile $x$ seconds after it had been launched vertically. If $y=h(x)$ is graphed in the $x y$-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive $x$-intercept of the graph?\n A. The initial height of the projectile\n B. The maximum height of the projectile\n C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height\n D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$h(x)=-16 x^{2}+100 x+10$$The quadratic function above models the height above the ground $h$, in feet, of a projectile $x$ seconds after it had been launched vertically. If $y=h(x)$ is graphed in the $x y$-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive $x$-intercept of the graph?\n A. The initial height of the projectile\n B. The maximum height of the projectile\n C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height\n D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:217"}
{"index": 180, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& y=x^{2}+3 x-7 \\\\& y-5 x+8=0\\end{aligned}$$How many solutions are there to the system of equations above?\n A. There are exactly 4 solutions.\n B. There are exactly 2 solutions.\n C. There is exactly 1 solution.\n D. There are no solutions.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& y=x^{2}+3 x-7 \\\\& y-5 x+8=0\\end{aligned}$$How many solutions are there to the system of equations above?\n A. There are exactly 4 solutions.\n B. There are exactly 2 solutions.\n C. There is exactly 1 solution.\n D. There are no solutions.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& y=x^{2}+3 x-7 \\\\& y-5 x+8=0\\end{aligned}$$How many solutions are there to the system of equations above?\n A. There are exactly 4 solutions.\n B. There are exactly 2 solutions.\n C. There is exactly 1 solution.\n D. There are no solutions.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& y=x^{2}+3 x-7 \\\\& y-5 x+8=0\\end{aligned}$$How many solutions are there to the system of equations above?\n A. There are exactly 4 solutions.\n B. There are exactly 2 solutions.\n C. There is exactly 1 solution.\n D. There are no solutions.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:180"}
{"index": 84, "query": "Question: Nate walks 25 meters in 13.7 seconds. If he walks at this same rate, which of the following is closest to the distance he will walk in 4 minutes?\n A. 150 meters\n B. 450 meters\n C. 700 meters\n D. 1,400 meters\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Nate walks 25 meters in 13.7 seconds. If he walks at this same rate, which of the following is closest to the distance he will walk in 4 minutes?\n A. 150 meters\n B. 450 meters\n C. 700 meters\n D. 1,400 meters\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Nate walks 25 meters in 13.7 seconds. If he walks at this same rate, which of the following is closest to the distance he will walk in 4 minutes?\n A. 150 meters\n B. 450 meters\n C. 700 meters\n D. 1,400 meters\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Nate walks 25 meters in 13.7 seconds. If he walks at this same rate, which of the following is closest to the distance he will walk in 4 minutes?\n A. 150 meters\n B. 450 meters\n C. 700 meters\n D. 1,400 meters\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 173, "query": "Question: The width of a rectangular dance floor is $w$ feet. The length of the floor is 6 feet longer than its width. Which of the following expresses the perimeter, in feet, of the dance floor in terms of $w$ ?\n A. $2 w+6$\n B. $4 w+12$\n C. $w^{2}+6$\n D. $w^{2}+6 w$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The width of a rectangular dance floor is $w$ feet. The length of the floor is 6 feet longer than its width. Which of the following expresses the perimeter, in feet, of the dance floor in terms of $w$ ?\n A. $2 w+6$\n B. $4 w+12$\n C. $w^{2}+6$\n D. $w^{2}+6 w$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The width of a rectangular dance floor is $w$ feet. The length of the floor is 6 feet longer than its width. Which of the following expresses the perimeter, in feet, of the dance floor in terms of $w$ ?\n A. $2 w+6$\n B. $4 w+12$\n C. $w^{2}+6$\n D. $w^{2}+6 w$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The width of a rectangular dance floor is $w$ feet. The length of the floor is 6 feet longer than its width. Which of the following expresses the perimeter, in feet, of the dance floor in terms of $w$ ?\n A. $2 w+6$\n B. $4 w+12$\n C. $w^{2}+6$\n D. $w^{2}+6 w$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:173"}
{"index": 88, "query": "Question: In order to determine if treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is successful in improving eyesight, a research study was conducted. From a large population of people with poor eyesight, 300 participants were selected at random. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive treatment $X$, and the other half did not receive treatment $X$. The resulting data showed that participants who received treatment $X$ had significantly improved eyesight as compared to those who did not receive treatment $X$. Based on the design and results of the study, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?\n A. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is likely to improve the eyesight of people who have poor eyesight.\n B. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ improves eyesight better than all other available treatments.\n C. Treatment $X$ will improve the eyesight of anyone who takes it.\n D. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ will cause a substantial improvement in eyesight.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: In order to determine if treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is successful in improving eyesight, a research study was conducted. From a large population of people with poor eyesight, 300 participants were selected at random. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive treatment $X$, and the other half did not receive treatment $X$. The resulting data showed that participants who received treatment $X$ had significantly improved eyesight as compared to those who did not receive treatment $X$. Based on the design and results of the study, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?\n A. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is likely to improve the eyesight of people who have poor eyesight.\n B. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ improves eyesight better than all other available treatments.\n C. Treatment $X$ will improve the eyesight of anyone who takes it.\n D. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ will cause a substantial improvement in eyesight.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In order to determine if treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is successful in improving eyesight, a research study was conducted. From a large population of people with poor eyesight, 300 participants were selected at random. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive treatment $X$, and the other half did not receive treatment $X$. The resulting data showed that participants who received treatment $X$ had significantly improved eyesight as compared to those who did not receive treatment $X$. Based on the design and results of the study, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?\n A. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is likely to improve the eyesight of people who have poor eyesight.\n B. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ improves eyesight better than all other available treatments.\n C. Treatment $X$ will improve the eyesight of anyone who takes it.\n D. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ will cause a substantial improvement in eyesight.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In order to determine if treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is successful in improving eyesight, a research study was conducted. From a large population of people with poor eyesight, 300 participants were selected at random. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive treatment $X$, and the other half did not receive treatment $X$. The resulting data showed that participants who received treatment $X$ had significantly improved eyesight as compared to those who did not receive treatment $X$. Based on the design and results of the study, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?\n A. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ is likely to improve the eyesight of people who have poor eyesight.\n B. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ improves eyesight better than all other available treatments.\n C. Treatment $X$ will improve the eyesight of anyone who takes it.\n D. Treatment $\\mathrm{X}$ will cause a substantial improvement in eyesight.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 186, "query": "Question: $$x+1=\\frac{2}{x+1}$$In the equation above, which of the following is a possible value of $x+1$ ?\n A. $1-\\sqrt{2}$\n B. $\\sqrt{2}$\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$x+1=\\frac{2}{x+1}$$In the equation above, which of the following is a possible value of $x+1$ ?\n A. $1-\\sqrt{2}$\n B. $\\sqrt{2}$\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$x+1=\\frac{2}{x+1}$$In the equation above, which of the following is a possible value of $x+1$ ?\n A. $1-\\sqrt{2}$\n B. $\\sqrt{2}$\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$x+1=\\frac{2}{x+1}$$In the equation above, which of the following is a possible value of $x+1$ ?\n A. $1-\\sqrt{2}$\n B. $\\sqrt{2}$\n C. 2\n D. 4\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:186"}
{"index": 177, "query": "Question: A group of 202 people went on an overnight camping trip, taking 60 tents with them. Some of the tents held 2 people each, and the rest held 4 people each. Assuming all the tents were filled to capacity and every person got to sleep in a tent, exactly how many of the tents were 2-person tents?\n A. 30\n B. 20\n C. 19\n D. 18 11\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A group of 202 people went on an overnight camping trip, taking 60 tents with them. Some of the tents held 2 people each, and the rest held 4 people each. Assuming all the tents were filled to capacity and every person got to sleep in a tent, exactly how many of the tents were 2-person tents?\n A. 30\n B. 20\n C. 19\n D. 18 11\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A group of 202 people went on an overnight camping trip, taking 60 tents with them. Some of the tents held 2 people each, and the rest held 4 people each. Assuming all the tents were filled to capacity and every person got to sleep in a tent, exactly how many of the tents were 2-person tents?\n A. 30\n B. 20\n C. 19\n D. 18 11\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A group of 202 people went on an overnight camping trip, taking 60 tents with them. Some of the tents held 2 people each, and the rest held 4 people each. Assuming all the tents were filled to capacity and every person got to sleep in a tent, exactly how many of the tents were 2-person tents?\n A. 30\n B. 20\n C. 19\n D. 18 11\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:177"}
{"index": 158, "query": "Question: If 50 one-cent coins were stacked on top of each other in a column, the column would be approximately $3 \\frac{7}{8}$ inches tall. At this rate, which of the following is closest to the number of one-cent coins it would take to make an 8-inch-tall column?\n A. 75\n B. 100\n C. 200\n D. 390\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: If 50 one-cent coins were stacked on top of each other in a column, the column would be approximately $3 \\frac{7}{8}$ inches tall. At this rate, which of the following is closest to the number of one-cent coins it would take to make an 8-inch-tall column?\n A. 75\n B. 100\n C. 200\n D. 390\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If 50 one-cent coins were stacked on top of each other in a column, the column would be approximately $3 \\frac{7}{8}$ inches tall. At this rate, which of the following is closest to the number of one-cent coins it would take to make an 8-inch-tall column?\n A. 75\n B. 100\n C. 200\n D. 390\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If 50 one-cent coins were stacked on top of each other in a column, the column would be approximately $3 \\frac{7}{8}$ inches tall. At this rate, which of the following is closest to the number of one-cent coins it would take to make an 8-inch-tall column?\n A. 75\n B. 100\n C. 200\n D. 390\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:158"}
{"index": 79, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|}\\hline$n$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\\\\hline$f(n)$ & -2 & 1 & 4 & 7 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows some values of the linear function $f$. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(n)=n-3$\n B. $f(n)=2 n-4$\n C. $f(n)=3 n-5$\n D. $f(n)=4 n-6$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|}\\hline$n$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\\\\hline$f(n)$ & -2 & 1 & 4 & 7 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows some values of the linear function $f$. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(n)=n-3$\n B. $f(n)=2 n-4$\n C. $f(n)=3 n-5$\n D. $f(n)=4 n-6$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|}\\hline$n$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\\\\hline$f(n)$ & -2 & 1 & 4 & 7 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows some values of the linear function $f$. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(n)=n-3$\n B. $f(n)=2 n-4$\n C. $f(n)=3 n-5$\n D. $f(n)=4 n-6$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|}\\hline$n$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\\\\hline$f(n)$ & -2 & 1 & 4 & 7 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows some values of the linear function $f$. Which of the following defines $f$ ?\n A. $f(n)=n-3$\n B. $f(n)=2 n-4$\n C. $f(n)=3 n-5$\n D. $f(n)=4 n-6$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:79"}
{"index": 41, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& -3 x+y=6 \\\\& a x+2 y=4\\end{aligned}$$In the system of equations above, $a$ is a constant. For which of the following values of $a$ does the system have no solution?\n A. -6\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 6\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& -3 x+y=6 \\\\& a x+2 y=4\\end{aligned}$$In the system of equations above, $a$ is a constant. For which of the following values of $a$ does the system have no solution?\n A. -6\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& -3 x+y=6 \\\\& a x+2 y=4\\end{aligned}$$In the system of equations above, $a$ is a constant. For which of the following values of $a$ does the system have no solution?\n A. -6\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}& -3 x+y=6 \\\\& a x+2 y=4\\end{aligned}$$In the system of equations above, $a$ is a constant. For which of the following values of $a$ does the system have no solution?\n A. -6\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 6\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:41"}
{"index": 185, "query": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of which of the following equations is a line with a slope of 3 ?\n A. $y=\\frac{1}{3} x$\n B. $y=x-3$\n C. $y=3 x+2$\n D. $y=6 x+3$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of which of the following equations is a line with a slope of 3 ?\n A. $y=\\frac{1}{3} x$\n B. $y=x-3$\n C. $y=3 x+2$\n D. $y=6 x+3$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of which of the following equations is a line with a slope of 3 ?\n A. $y=\\frac{1}{3} x$\n B. $y=x-3$\n C. $y=3 x+2$\n D. $y=6 x+3$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of which of the following equations is a line with a slope of 3 ?\n A. $y=\\frac{1}{3} x$\n B. $y=x-3$\n C. $y=3 x+2$\n D. $y=6 x+3$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:185"}
{"index": 148, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed only } \\\\ \\text { dry food }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed both wet } \\\\ \\text { and dry food }\\end{array}$ & Total \\\\\\hlineCats & 5 & 11 & 16 \\\\\\hlineDogs & 2 & 23 & 25 \\\\\\hlineTotal & 7 & 34 & 41 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the kinds of foods that are fed to the cats and dogs currently boarded at a pet care facility. What fraction of the dogs are fed only dry food?\n A. $\\frac{2}{41}$\n B. $\\frac{2}{25}$\n C. $\\frac{7}{41}$\n D. $\\frac{2}{7}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed only } \\\\ \\text { dry food }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed both wet } \\\\ \\text { and dry food }\\end{array}$ & Total \\\\\\hlineCats & 5 & 11 & 16 \\\\\\hlineDogs & 2 & 23 & 25 \\\\\\hlineTotal & 7 & 34 & 41 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the kinds of foods that are fed to the cats and dogs currently boarded at a pet care facility. What fraction of the dogs are fed only dry food?\n A. $\\frac{2}{41}$\n B. $\\frac{2}{25}$\n C. $\\frac{7}{41}$\n D. $\\frac{2}{7}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed only } \\\\ \\text { dry food }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed both wet } \\\\ \\text { and dry food }\\end{array}$ & Total \\\\\\hlineCats & 5 & 11 & 16 \\\\\\hlineDogs & 2 & 23 & 25 \\\\\\hlineTotal & 7 & 34 & 41 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the kinds of foods that are fed to the cats and dogs currently boarded at a pet care facility. What fraction of the dogs are fed only dry food?\n A. $\\frac{2}{41}$\n B. $\\frac{2}{25}$\n C. $\\frac{7}{41}$\n D. $\\frac{2}{7}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\\hline& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed only } \\\\ \\text { dry food }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Fed both wet } \\\\ \\text { and dry food }\\end{array}$ & Total \\\\\\hlineCats & 5 & 11 & 16 \\\\\\hlineDogs & 2 & 23 & 25 \\\\\\hlineTotal & 7 & 34 & 41 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The table above shows the kinds of foods that are fed to the cats and dogs currently boarded at a pet care facility. What fraction of the dogs are fed only dry food?\n A. $\\frac{2}{41}$\n B. $\\frac{2}{25}$\n C. $\\frac{7}{41}$\n D. $\\frac{2}{7}$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:148"}
{"index": 75, "query": "Question: The equation $\\frac{24 x^{2}+25 x-47}{a x-2}=-8 x-3-\\frac{53}{a x-2}$ is true for all values of $x \\neq \\frac{2}{a}$, where $a$ is a constant.What is the value of $a$ ?\n A. -16\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The equation $\\frac{24 x^{2}+25 x-47}{a x-2}=-8 x-3-\\frac{53}{a x-2}$ is true for all values of $x \\neq \\frac{2}{a}$, where $a$ is a constant.What is the value of $a$ ?\n A. -16\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The equation $\\frac{24 x^{2}+25 x-47}{a x-2}=-8 x-3-\\frac{53}{a x-2}$ is true for all values of $x \\neq \\frac{2}{a}$, where $a$ is a constant.What is the value of $a$ ?\n A. -16\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 16\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The equation $\\frac{24 x^{2}+25 x-47}{a x-2}=-8 x-3-\\frac{53}{a x-2}$ is true for all values of $x \\neq \\frac{2}{a}$, where $a$ is a constant.What is the value of $a$ ?\n A. -16\n B. -3\n C. 3\n D. 16\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:75"}
{"index": 92, "query": "Question: Of the following four types of savings account plans, which option would yield exponential growth of the money in the account?\n A. Each successive year, $2 \\%$ of the initial savings is added to the value of the account.\n B. Each successive year, $1.5 \\%$ of the initial savings and $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\n C. Each successive year, $1 \\%$ of the current value is added to the value of the account.\n D. Each successive year, $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Of the following four types of savings account plans, which option would yield exponential growth of the money in the account?\n A. Each successive year, $2 \\%$ of the initial savings is added to the value of the account.\n B. Each successive year, $1.5 \\%$ of the initial savings and $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\n C. Each successive year, $1 \\%$ of the current value is added to the value of the account.\n D. Each successive year, $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Of the following four types of savings account plans, which option would yield exponential growth of the money in the account?\n A. Each successive year, $2 \\%$ of the initial savings is added to the value of the account.\n B. Each successive year, $1.5 \\%$ of the initial savings and $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\n C. Each successive year, $1 \\%$ of the current value is added to the value of the account.\n D. Each successive year, $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Of the following four types of savings account plans, which option would yield exponential growth of the money in the account?\n A. Each successive year, $2 \\%$ of the initial savings is added to the value of the account.\n B. Each successive year, $1.5 \\%$ of the initial savings and $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\n C. Each successive year, $1 \\%$ of the current value is added to the value of the account.\n D. Each successive year, $\\$ 100$ is added to the value of the account.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:92"}
{"index": 19, "query": "$$.a=1,052+1.08 t.$$.The speed of a sound wave in air depends on the air temperature. The formula above shows the relationship between $a$, the speed of a sound wave, in feet per second, and $t$, the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit $\\left({ }^{\\circ} \\mathrm{F}\\right)$.\nQuestion: Which of the following expresses the air temperature in terms of the speed of a sound wave?\n A. $t=\\frac{a-1,052}{1.08}$\n B. $t=\\frac{a+1,052}{1.08}$\n C. $t=\\frac{1,052-a}{1.08}$\n D. $t=\\frac{1.08}{a+1,052}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "$$.a=1,052+1.08 t.$$.The speed of a sound wave in air depends on the air temperature. The formula above shows the relationship between $a$, the speed of a sound wave, in feet per second, and $t$, the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit $\\left({ }^{\\circ} \\mathrm{F}\\right)$.\nQuestion: Which of the following expresses the air temperature in terms of the speed of a sound wave?\n A. $t=\\frac{a-1,052}{1.08}$\n B. $t=\\frac{a+1,052}{1.08}$\n C. $t=\\frac{1,052-a}{1.08}$\n D. $t=\\frac{1.08}{a+1,052}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "$$.a=1,052+1.08 t.$$.The speed of a sound wave in air depends on the air temperature. The formula above shows the relationship between $a$, the speed of a sound wave, in feet per second, and $t$, the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit $\\left({ }^{\\circ} \\mathrm{F}\\right)$.\nQuestion: Which of the following expresses the air temperature in terms of the speed of a sound wave?\n A. $t=\\frac{a-1,052}{1.08}$\n B. $t=\\frac{a+1,052}{1.08}$\n C. $t=\\frac{1,052-a}{1.08}$\n D. $t=\\frac{1.08}{a+1,052}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "$$.a=1,052+1.08 t.$$.The speed of a sound wave in air depends on the air temperature. The formula above shows the relationship between $a$, the speed of a sound wave, in feet per second, and $t$, the air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit $\\left({ }^{\\circ} \\mathrm{F}\\right)$.\nQuestion: Which of the following expresses the air temperature in terms of the speed of a sound wave?\n A. $t=\\frac{a-1,052}{1.08}$\n B. $t=\\frac{a+1,052}{1.08}$\n C. $t=\\frac{1,052-a}{1.08}$\n D. $t=\\frac{1.08}{a+1,052}$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:19"}
{"index": 37, "query": "Question: $$\\frac{x^{2}-1}{x-1}=-2$$What are all values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. -3\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. -3 and -1\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{x^{2}-1}{x-1}=-2$$What are all values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. -3\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. -3 and -1\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{x^{2}-1}{x-1}=-2$$What are all values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. -3\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. -3 and -1\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\frac{x^{2}-1}{x-1}=-2$$What are all values of $x$ that satisfy the equation above?\n A. -3\n B. 0\n C. 1\n D. -3 and -1\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 70, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline0 & 3 \\\\\\hline2 & 1 \\\\\\hline4 & 0 \\\\\\hline5 & -2 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The function $f$ is defined by a polynomial. Some values of $x$ and $f(x)$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following must be a factor of $f(x)$ ?\n A. $x-2$\n B. $x-3$\n C. $x-4$\n D. $x-5$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline0 & 3 \\\\\\hline2 & 1 \\\\\\hline4 & 0 \\\\\\hline5 & -2 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The function $f$ is defined by a polynomial. Some values of $x$ and $f(x)$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following must be a factor of $f(x)$ ?\n A. $x-2$\n B. $x-3$\n C. $x-4$\n D. $x-5$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline0 & 3 \\\\\\hline2 & 1 \\\\\\hline4 & 0 \\\\\\hline5 & -2 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The function $f$ is defined by a polynomial. Some values of $x$ and $f(x)$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following must be a factor of $f(x)$ ?\n A. $x-2$\n B. $x-3$\n C. $x-4$\n D. $x-5$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\\hline$x$ & $f(x)$ \\\\\\hline0 & 3 \\\\\\hline2 & 1 \\\\\\hline4 & 0 \\\\\\hline5 & -2 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The function $f$ is defined by a polynomial. Some values of $x$ and $f(x)$ are shown in the table above. Which of the following must be a factor of $f(x)$ ?\n A. $x-2$\n B. $x-3$\n C. $x-4$\n D. $x-5$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:70"}
{"index": 134, "query": "Question: $$x+y=75$$The equation above relates the number of minutes, $x$, Maria spends running each day and the number of minutes, $y$, she spends biking each day. In the equation, what does the number 75 represent?\n A. The number of minutes spent running each day\n B. The number of minutes spent biking each day\n C. The total number of minutes spent running and biking each day\n D. The number of minutes spent biking for each minute spent running\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: $$x+y=75$$The equation above relates the number of minutes, $x$, Maria spends running each day and the number of minutes, $y$, she spends biking each day. In the equation, what does the number 75 represent?\n A. The number of minutes spent running each day\n B. The number of minutes spent biking each day\n C. The total number of minutes spent running and biking each day\n D. The number of minutes spent biking for each minute spent running\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$x+y=75$$The equation above relates the number of minutes, $x$, Maria spends running each day and the number of minutes, $y$, she spends biking each day. In the equation, what does the number 75 represent?\n A. The number of minutes spent running each day\n B. The number of minutes spent biking each day\n C. The total number of minutes spent running and biking each day\n D. The number of minutes spent biking for each minute spent running\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$x+y=75$$The equation above relates the number of minutes, $x$, Maria spends running each day and the number of minutes, $y$, she spends biking each day. In the equation, what does the number 75 represent?\n A. The number of minutes spent running each day\n B. The number of minutes spent biking each day\n C. The total number of minutes spent running and biking each day\n D. The number of minutes spent biking for each minute spent running\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:134"}
{"index": 143, "query": "Question: $$a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d=0$$In the equation above, $a, b, c$, and $d$ are constants. If the equation has roots $-1,-3$, and 5 , which of the following is a factor of $a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d$ ?\n A. $x-1$\n B. $x+1$\n C. $x-3$\n D. $x+5$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d=0$$In the equation above, $a, b, c$, and $d$ are constants. If the equation has roots $-1,-3$, and 5 , which of the following is a factor of $a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d$ ?\n A. $x-1$\n B. $x+1$\n C. $x-3$\n D. $x+5$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d=0$$In the equation above, $a, b, c$, and $d$ are constants. If the equation has roots $-1,-3$, and 5 , which of the following is a factor of $a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d$ ?\n A. $x-1$\n B. $x+1$\n C. $x-3$\n D. $x+5$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d=0$$In the equation above, $a, b, c$, and $d$ are constants. If the equation has roots $-1,-3$, and 5 , which of the following is a factor of $a x^{3}+b x^{2}+c x+d$ ?\n A. $x-1$\n B. $x+1$\n C. $x-3$\n D. $x+5$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:143"}
{"index": 212, "query": "Question: The graph of the exponential function $h$ in the $x y$-plane, where $y=h(x)$, has a $y$-intercept of $d$, where $d$ is a positive constant. Which of the following could define the function $h$ ?\n A. $h(x)=-3(d)^{x}$\n B. $h(x)=3(x) d$\n C. $h(x)=d(-x)^{3}$\n D. $h(x)=d(3)^{x}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: The graph of the exponential function $h$ in the $x y$-plane, where $y=h(x)$, has a $y$-intercept of $d$, where $d$ is a positive constant. Which of the following could define the function $h$ ?\n A. $h(x)=-3(d)^{x}$\n B. $h(x)=3(x) d$\n C. $h(x)=d(-x)^{3}$\n D. $h(x)=d(3)^{x}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The graph of the exponential function $h$ in the $x y$-plane, where $y=h(x)$, has a $y$-intercept of $d$, where $d$ is a positive constant. Which of the following could define the function $h$ ?\n A. $h(x)=-3(d)^{x}$\n B. $h(x)=3(x) d$\n C. $h(x)=d(-x)^{3}$\n D. $h(x)=d(3)^{x}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The graph of the exponential function $h$ in the $x y$-plane, where $y=h(x)$, has a $y$-intercept of $d$, where $d$ is a positive constant. Which of the following could define the function $h$ ?\n A. $h(x)=-3(d)^{x}$\n B. $h(x)=3(x) d$\n C. $h(x)=d(-x)^{3}$\n D. $h(x)=d(3)^{x}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:212"}
{"index": 89, "query": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: How will the quantity of the product supplied to the market change if the price of the product is increased by $\\$ 10$ ?\n A. The quantity supplied will decrease by 5 units.\n B. The quantity supplied will increase by 5 units.\n C. The quantity supplied will increase by 10 units.\n D. The quantity supplied will increase by 50 units.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: How will the quantity of the product supplied to the market change if the price of the product is increased by $\\$ 10$ ?\n A. The quantity supplied will decrease by 5 units.\n B. The quantity supplied will increase by 5 units.\n C. The quantity supplied will increase by 10 units.\n D. The quantity supplied will increase by 50 units.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: How will the quantity of the product supplied to the market change if the price of the product is increased by $\\$ 10$ ?\n A. The quantity supplied will decrease by 5 units.\n B. The quantity supplied will increase by 5 units.\n C. The quantity supplied will increase by 10 units.\n D. The quantity supplied will increase by 50 units.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "$$.\\begin{aligned}.& S(P)=\\frac{1}{2} P+40 \\\\.& D(P)=220-P.\\end{aligned}.$$.The quantity of a product supplied and the quantity of the product demanded in an economic market are functions of the price of the product. The functions above are the estimated supply and demand functions for a certain product. The function $S(P)$ gives the quantity of the product supplied to the market when the price is $P$ dollars, and the function $D(P)$ gives the quantity of the product demanded by the market when the price is $P$ dollars.\nQuestion: How will the quantity of the product supplied to the market change if the price of the product is increased by $\\$ 10$ ?\n A. The quantity supplied will decrease by 5 units.\n B. The quantity supplied will increase by 5 units.\n C. The quantity supplied will increase by 10 units.\n D. The quantity supplied will increase by 50 units.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:89"}
{"index": 39, "query": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of the function $f(x)=x^{2}+5 x+4$ has two $x$-intercepts. What is the distance between the $x$-intercepts?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 3\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of the function $f(x)=x^{2}+5 x+4$ has two $x$-intercepts. What is the distance between the $x$-intercepts?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 3\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of the function $f(x)=x^{2}+5 x+4$ has two $x$-intercepts. What is the distance between the $x$-intercepts?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 3\n D. 4\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In the $x y$-plane, the graph of the function $f(x)=x^{2}+5 x+4$ has two $x$-intercepts. What is the distance between the $x$-intercepts?\n A. 1\n B. 2\n C. 3\n D. 4\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:39"}
{"index": 128, "query": "Question: Townsend Realty purchased the Glenview Street property and received a $40 \\%$ discount off the original price along with an additional $20 \\%$ off the discounted price for purchasing the property in cash. Which of the following best approximates the original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property?\n A. $\\$ 350,000$\n B. $\\$ 291,700$\n C. $\\$ 233,300$\n D. $\\$ 175,000$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Townsend Realty purchased the Glenview Street property and received a $40 \\%$ discount off the original price along with an additional $20 \\%$ off the discounted price for purchasing the property in cash. Which of the following best approximates the original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property?\n A. $\\$ 350,000$\n B. $\\$ 291,700$\n C. $\\$ 233,300$\n D. $\\$ 175,000$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Townsend Realty purchased the Glenview Street property and received a $40 \\%$ discount off the original price along with an additional $20 \\%$ off the discounted price for purchasing the property in cash. Which of the following best approximates the original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property?\n A. $\\$ 350,000$\n B. $\\$ 291,700$\n C. $\\$ 233,300$\n D. $\\$ 175,000$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Townsend Realty purchased the Glenview Street property and received a $40 \\%$ discount off the original price along with an additional $20 \\%$ off the discounted price for purchasing the property in cash. Which of the following best approximates the original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property?\n A. $\\$ 350,000$\n B. $\\$ 291,700$\n C. $\\$ 233,300$\n D. $\\$ 175,000$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:128"}
{"index": 98, "query": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}\\cline { 2 - 3 }\\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{2}{c|}{Handedness} \\\\\\hlineGender & Left & Right \\\\\\hline\\hlineFemale &  &  \\\\\\hlineMale &  &  \\\\\\hline\\hlineTotal & 18 & 122 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The incomplete table above summarizes the number of left-handed students and right-handed students by gender for the eighth-grade students atKeisel Middle School. There are 5 times as many right-handed female students as there are left-handed female students, and there are 9 times as many right-handed male students as there are left-handed male students. If there is a total of 18 left-handed students and 122 right-handed students in the school, which of the following is closest to the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female? (Note: Assume that none of the eighth-grade students are both right-handed and left-handed.)\n A. 0.410\n B. 0.357\n C. 0.333\n D. 0.250\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}\\cline { 2 - 3 }\\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{2}{c|}{Handedness} \\\\\\hlineGender & Left & Right \\\\\\hline\\hlineFemale &  &  \\\\\\hlineMale &  &  \\\\\\hline\\hlineTotal & 18 & 122 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The incomplete table above summarizes the number of left-handed students and right-handed students by gender for the eighth-grade students atKeisel Middle School. There are 5 times as many right-handed female students as there are left-handed female students, and there are 9 times as many right-handed male students as there are left-handed male students. If there is a total of 18 left-handed students and 122 right-handed students in the school, which of the following is closest to the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female? (Note: Assume that none of the eighth-grade students are both right-handed and left-handed.)\n A. 0.410\n B. 0.357\n C. 0.333\n D. 0.250\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}\\cline { 2 - 3 }\\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{2}{c|}{Handedness} \\\\\\hlineGender & Left & Right \\\\\\hline\\hlineFemale &  &  \\\\\\hlineMale &  &  \\\\\\hline\\hlineTotal & 18 & 122 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The incomplete table above summarizes the number of left-handed students and right-handed students by gender for the eighth-grade students atKeisel Middle School. There are 5 times as many right-handed female students as there are left-handed female students, and there are 9 times as many right-handed male students as there are left-handed male students. If there is a total of 18 left-handed students and 122 right-handed students in the school, which of the following is closest to the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female? (Note: Assume that none of the eighth-grade students are both right-handed and left-handed.)\n A. 0.410\n B. 0.357\n C. 0.333\n D. 0.250\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: \\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}\\cline { 2 - 3 }\\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{2}{c|}{Handedness} \\\\\\hlineGender & Left & Right \\\\\\hline\\hlineFemale &  &  \\\\\\hlineMale &  &  \\\\\\hline\\hlineTotal & 18 & 122 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}The incomplete table above summarizes the number of left-handed students and right-handed students by gender for the eighth-grade students atKeisel Middle School. There are 5 times as many right-handed female students as there are left-handed female students, and there are 9 times as many right-handed male students as there are left-handed male students. If there is a total of 18 left-handed students and 122 right-handed students in the school, which of the following is closest to the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female? (Note: Assume that none of the eighth-grade students are both right-handed and left-handed.)\n A. 0.410\n B. 0.357\n C. 0.333\n D. 0.250\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:98"}
{"index": 197, "query": "Question: $$\\frac{1}{2 x+1}+5$$Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above for $x>0$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n B. $\\frac{2 x+6}{2 x+1}$\n C. $\\frac{10 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n D. $\\frac{10 x+6}{2 x+1}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{1}{2 x+1}+5$$Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above for $x>0$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n B. $\\frac{2 x+6}{2 x+1}$\n C. $\\frac{10 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n D. $\\frac{10 x+6}{2 x+1}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\frac{1}{2 x+1}+5$$Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above for $x>0$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n B. $\\frac{2 x+6}{2 x+1}$\n C. $\\frac{10 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n D. $\\frac{10 x+6}{2 x+1}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\frac{1}{2 x+1}+5$$Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above for $x>0$ ?\n A. $\\frac{2 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n B. $\\frac{2 x+6}{2 x+1}$\n C. $\\frac{10 x+5}{2 x+1}$\n D. $\\frac{10 x+6}{2 x+1}$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:197"}
{"index": 43, "query": "Question: If $20-x=15$, what is the value of $3 x ?$\n A. 5\n B. 10\n C. 15\n D. 35\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: If $20-x=15$, what is the value of $3 x ?$\n A. 5\n B. 10\n C. 15\n D. 35\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $20-x=15$, what is the value of $3 x ?$\n A. 5\n B. 10\n C. 15\n D. 35\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $20-x=15$, what is the value of $3 x ?$\n A. 5\n B. 10\n C. 15\n D. 35\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:43"}
{"index": 65, "query": "Question: If $3 r=18$, what is the value of $6 r+3$ ?\n A. 6\n B. 27\n C. 36\n D. 39\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If $3 r=18$, what is the value of $6 r+3$ ?\n A. 6\n B. 27\n C. 36\n D. 39\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $3 r=18$, what is the value of $6 r+3$ ?\n A. 6\n B. 27\n C. 36\n D. 39\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $3 r=18$, what is the value of $6 r+3$ ?\n A. 6\n B. 27\n C. 36\n D. 39\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:65"}
{"index": 174, "query": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}y & >2 x-1 \\\\2 x & >5\\end{aligned}$$Which of the following consists of the $y$-coordinates of all the points that satisfy the system of inequalities above?\n A. $y>6$\n B. $y>4$\n C. $y>\\frac{5}{2}$\n D. $y>\\frac{3}{2}$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}y & >2 x-1 \\\\2 x & >5\\end{aligned}$$Which of the following consists of the $y$-coordinates of all the points that satisfy the system of inequalities above?\n A. $y>6$\n B. $y>4$\n C. $y>\\frac{5}{2}$\n D. $y>\\frac{3}{2}$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}y & >2 x-1 \\\\2 x & >5\\end{aligned}$$Which of the following consists of the $y$-coordinates of all the points that satisfy the system of inequalities above?\n A. $y>6$\n B. $y>4$\n C. $y>\\frac{5}{2}$\n D. $y>\\frac{3}{2}$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: $$\\begin{aligned}y & >2 x-1 \\\\2 x & >5\\end{aligned}$$Which of the following consists of the $y$-coordinates of all the points that satisfy the system of inequalities above?\n A. $y>6$\n B. $y>4$\n C. $y>\\frac{5}{2}$\n D. $y>\\frac{3}{2}$\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:174"}
{"index": 129, "query": "Question: A psychologist set up an experiment to study the tendency of a person to select the first item when presented with a series of items. In the experiment, 300 people were presented with a set of five pictures arranged in random order. Each person was asked to choose the most appealing picture. Of the first 150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set. Among the remaining 150 participants, $p$ people chose the first picture in the set. If more than $20 \\%$ of all participants chose the first picture in the set, which of the following inequalities best describes the possible values of $p$ ?\n A. $p>0.20(300-36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n B. $p>0.20(300+36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n C. $p-36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n D. $p+36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A psychologist set up an experiment to study the tendency of a person to select the first item when presented with a series of items. In the experiment, 300 people were presented with a set of five pictures arranged in random order. Each person was asked to choose the most appealing picture. Of the first 150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set. Among the remaining 150 participants, $p$ people chose the first picture in the set. If more than $20 \\%$ of all participants chose the first picture in the set, which of the following inequalities best describes the possible values of $p$ ?\n A. $p>0.20(300-36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n B. $p>0.20(300+36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n C. $p-36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n D. $p+36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A psychologist set up an experiment to study the tendency of a person to select the first item when presented with a series of items. In the experiment, 300 people were presented with a set of five pictures arranged in random order. Each person was asked to choose the most appealing picture. Of the first 150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set. Among the remaining 150 participants, $p$ people chose the first picture in the set. If more than $20 \\%$ of all participants chose the first picture in the set, which of the following inequalities best describes the possible values of $p$ ?\n A. $p>0.20(300-36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n B. $p>0.20(300+36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n C. $p-36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n D. $p+36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A psychologist set up an experiment to study the tendency of a person to select the first item when presented with a series of items. In the experiment, 300 people were presented with a set of five pictures arranged in random order. Each person was asked to choose the most appealing picture. Of the first 150 participants, 36 chose the first picture in the set. Among the remaining 150 participants, $p$ people chose the first picture in the set. If more than $20 \\%$ of all participants chose the first picture in the set, which of the following inequalities best describes the possible values of $p$ ?\n A. $p>0.20(300-36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n B. $p>0.20(300+36)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n C. $p-36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\n D. $p+36>0.20(300)$, where $p \\leq 150$\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:129"}
{"index": 138, "query": "Question: If $f(x)=\\frac{x^{2}-6 x+3}{x-1}$, what is $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -5\n B. -2\n C. 2\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: If $f(x)=\\frac{x^{2}-6 x+3}{x-1}$, what is $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -5\n B. -2\n C. 2\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If $f(x)=\\frac{x^{2}-6 x+3}{x-1}$, what is $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -5\n B. -2\n C. 2\n D. 5\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If $f(x)=\\frac{x^{2}-6 x+3}{x-1}$, what is $f(-1)$ ?\n A. -5\n B. -2\n C. 2\n D. 5\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:138"}
{"index": 3, "query": "Question: Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company. Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix at the end of each day can be estimated with the equation $P=108-23 d$, where $P$ is the number of phones left and $d$ is the number of days she has worked that week. What is the meaning of the value 108 in this equation?\n A. Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.\n B. Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.\n C. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.\n D. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company. Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix at the end of each day can be estimated with the equation $P=108-23 d$, where $P$ is the number of phones left and $d$ is the number of days she has worked that week. What is the meaning of the value 108 in this equation?\n A. Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.\n B. Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.\n C. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.\n D. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company. Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix at the end of each day can be estimated with the equation $P=108-23 d$, where $P$ is the number of phones left and $d$ is the number of days she has worked that week. What is the meaning of the value 108 in this equation?\n A. Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.\n B. Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.\n C. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.\n D. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company. Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix at the end of each day can be estimated with the equation $P=108-23 d$, where $P$ is the number of phones left and $d$ is the number of days she has worked that week. What is the meaning of the value 108 in this equation?\n A. Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.\n B. Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.\n C. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.\n D. Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-math::retrieval:3"}
{"index": 142, "query": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that one of Little Chandler\u2019s prominent characteristics is that he is\n A. excessively boastful of his personal achievements.\n B. often unpredictable in his dealings with other people.\n C. highly critical of other people\u2019s aspirations.\n D. somewhat vain about his personal appearance.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that one of Little Chandler\u2019s prominent characteristics is that he is\n A. excessively boastful of his personal achievements.\n B. often unpredictable in his dealings with other people.\n C. highly critical of other people\u2019s aspirations.\n D. somewhat vain about his personal appearance.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that one of Little Chandler\u2019s prominent characteristics is that he is\n A. excessively boastful of his personal achievements.\n B. often unpredictable in his dealings with other people.\n C. highly critical of other people\u2019s aspirations.\n D. somewhat vain about his personal appearance.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that one of Little Chandler\u2019s prominent characteristics is that he is\n A. excessively boastful of his personal achievements.\n B. often unpredictable in his dealings with other people.\n C. highly critical of other people\u2019s aspirations.\n D. somewhat vain about his personal appearance.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 21, "query": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Miss Spivey ended up in Threestep as a direct result of\n A. her friendship with Janet Miller.\n B. attending college in New York City.\n C. talking with a woman at the WPA.\n D. Miss Chandler's retirement from teaching.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Miss Spivey ended up in Threestep as a direct result of\n A. her friendship with Janet Miller.\n B. attending college in New York City.\n C. talking with a woman at the WPA.\n D. Miss Chandler's retirement from teaching.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Miss Spivey ended up in Threestep as a direct result of\n A. her friendship with Janet Miller.\n B. attending college in New York City.\n C. talking with a woman at the WPA.\n D. Miss Chandler's retirement from teaching.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Miss Spivey ended up in Threestep as a direct result of\n A. her friendship with Janet Miller.\n B. attending college in New York City.\n C. talking with a woman at the WPA.\n D. Miss Chandler's retirement from teaching.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:21"}
{"index": 165, "query": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The data in table 2 best support which statement about the woodpecker finches that used the unique levering technique to acquire prey?\n A. At least one of them attempted the technique five times before successfully acquiring prey.\n B. After the first success at acquiring prey, a few of them ceased using the technique altogether.\n C. After the first success at acquiring the prey, none of them attempted the technique more than five times.\n D. None of them were successful in their first attempt with the technique.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The data in table 2 best support which statement about the woodpecker finches that used the unique levering technique to acquire prey?\n A. At least one of them attempted the technique five times before successfully acquiring prey.\n B. After the first success at acquiring prey, a few of them ceased using the technique altogether.\n C. After the first success at acquiring the prey, none of them attempted the technique more than five times.\n D. None of them were successful in their first attempt with the technique.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The data in table 2 best support which statement about the woodpecker finches that used the unique levering technique to acquire prey?\n A. At least one of them attempted the technique five times before successfully acquiring prey.\n B. After the first success at acquiring prey, a few of them ceased using the technique altogether.\n C. After the first success at acquiring the prey, none of them attempted the technique more than five times.\n D. None of them were successful in their first attempt with the technique.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The data in table 2 best support which statement about the woodpecker finches that used the unique levering technique to acquire prey?\n A. At least one of them attempted the technique five times before successfully acquiring prey.\n B. After the first success at acquiring prey, a few of them ceased using the technique altogether.\n C. After the first success at acquiring the prey, none of them attempted the technique more than five times.\n D. None of them were successful in their first attempt with the technique.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:165"}
{"index": 122, "query": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passagethat a megacity\u2019s economic impact on a country is\n A. greater in countries with larger physical land areas.\n B. dependent on the types of companies located in the megacity.\n C. relatively equal for developing countries and high-income countries.\n D. neutralized by the economic cost of maintaining a megacity.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passagethat a megacity\u2019s economic impact on a country is\n A. greater in countries with larger physical land areas.\n B. dependent on the types of companies located in the megacity.\n C. relatively equal for developing countries and high-income countries.\n D. neutralized by the economic cost of maintaining a megacity.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passagethat a megacity\u2019s economic impact on a country is\n A. greater in countries with larger physical land areas.\n B. dependent on the types of companies located in the megacity.\n C. relatively equal for developing countries and high-income countries.\n D. neutralized by the economic cost of maintaining a megacity.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passagethat a megacity\u2019s economic impact on a country is\n A. greater in countries with larger physical land areas.\n B. dependent on the types of companies located in the megacity.\n C. relatively equal for developing countries and high-income countries.\n D. neutralized by the economic cost of maintaining a megacity.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:122"}
{"index": 44, "query": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: The passage identifies which of the following as a factor that facilitated the baby Chukars' traction on steep ramps?\n A. The speed with which they climbed\n B. The position of their flapping wings\n C. The alternation of wing and foot movement\n D. Their continual hopping motions 28\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: The passage identifies which of the following as a factor that facilitated the baby Chukars' traction on steep ramps?\n A. The speed with which they climbed\n B. The position of their flapping wings\n C. The alternation of wing and foot movement\n D. Their continual hopping motions 28\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: The passage identifies which of the following as a factor that facilitated the baby Chukars' traction on steep ramps?\n A. The speed with which they climbed\n B. The position of their flapping wings\n C. The alternation of wing and foot movement\n D. Their continual hopping motions 28\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: The passage identifies which of the following as a factor that facilitated the baby Chukars' traction on steep ramps?\n A. The speed with which they climbed\n B. The position of their flapping wings\n C. The alternation of wing and foot movement\n D. Their continual hopping motions 28\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 135, "query": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that if collisionalerosion within the asteroid belt was sufficient toexplain the situation discussed in the passage, then,as a result, scientists would expect to find that\n A. Vesta is not the only large differentiated asteroid in the asteroid belt.\n B. the asteroid belt has far fewer primitive asteroids than it currently does.\n C. iron fragments in the asteroid belt tend to be smaller than rocky fragments in the asteroid belt.\n D. there were originally about as many primitive asteroids as differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that if collisionalerosion within the asteroid belt was sufficient toexplain the situation discussed in the passage, then,as a result, scientists would expect to find that\n A. Vesta is not the only large differentiated asteroid in the asteroid belt.\n B. the asteroid belt has far fewer primitive asteroids than it currently does.\n C. iron fragments in the asteroid belt tend to be smaller than rocky fragments in the asteroid belt.\n D. there were originally about as many primitive asteroids as differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that if collisionalerosion within the asteroid belt was sufficient toexplain the situation discussed in the passage, then,as a result, scientists would expect to find that\n A. Vesta is not the only large differentiated asteroid in the asteroid belt.\n B. the asteroid belt has far fewer primitive asteroids than it currently does.\n C. iron fragments in the asteroid belt tend to be smaller than rocky fragments in the asteroid belt.\n D. there were originally about as many primitive asteroids as differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that if collisionalerosion within the asteroid belt was sufficient toexplain the situation discussed in the passage, then,as a result, scientists would expect to find that\n A. Vesta is not the only large differentiated asteroid in the asteroid belt.\n B. the asteroid belt has far fewer primitive asteroids than it currently does.\n C. iron fragments in the asteroid belt tend to be smaller than rocky fragments in the asteroid belt.\n D. there were originally about as many primitive asteroids as differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:135"}
{"index": 0, "query": "Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form-had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between-would Chie have been more receptive?He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought acalling card to the drawing room, for Chie.Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  tucked inside with the heat.\"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?\" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.\"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,\" she read.  Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.\"I think you should go,\" said Naomi. twenties, slim and serious, wearing the blackmilitary-style uniform of a student. As he bowed-his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other-Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving 30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.\"Madame,\" said Akira, \"forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency.\"His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.\"Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two.\"\"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would 40 approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle's Japanese community.\"\"Congratulations,\" Chie said with amusement. \"That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I 45 involved?\"Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts 55 needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.Akira blushed.\"Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand.\"60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.\"Does Naomi know anything of your... ambitions?\"\"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. ${ }^{*}$ We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to 70 America, to secure a new home for my bride.\"Eager to make his point, he'd been looking her full in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. \"I see I've startled you. My humble apologies. I'll take no more of your evening. My address is on my card. If 75 you don't wish to contact me, I'll reapproach you in two weeks' time. Until then, good night.\"He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless grace, like a cat making off with a fish.\"Mother?\" Chie heard Naomi's low voice and 80 turned from the door. \"He has asked you?\"The sight of Naomi's clear eyes, her dark brows gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were preposterous.\"Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! $\\mathrm{He}$ 85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to America all in the snap of his fingers!\"Chie waited for Naomi's ripe laughter.Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute looking straight into Chie's eyes. Finally, she spoke.90 \"I met him at my literary meeting.\"Naomi turned to go back into the house, then stopped.\"Mother.\"\"Yes?\"95 \"I mean to have him.\"\\begin{itemize}\\item a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her family's name\\end{itemize}\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. One character argues with another character who intrudes on her home.\n B. One character receives a surprising request from another character.\n C. One character reminisces about choices she has made over the years.\n D. One character criticizes another character for pursuing an unexpected course of action.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form-had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between-would Chie have been more receptive?He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought acalling card to the drawing room, for Chie.Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  tucked inside with the heat.\"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?\" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.\"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,\" she read.  Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.\"I think you should go,\" said Naomi. twenties, slim and serious, wearing the blackmilitary-style uniform of a student. As he bowed-his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other-Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving 30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.\"Madame,\" said Akira, \"forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency.\"His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.\"Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two.\"\"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would 40 approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle's Japanese community.\"\"Congratulations,\" Chie said with amusement. \"That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I 45 involved?\"Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts 55 needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.Akira blushed.\"Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand.\"60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.\"Does Naomi know anything of your... ambitions?\"\"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. ${ }^{*}$ We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to 70 America, to secure a new home for my bride.\"Eager to make his point, he'd been looking her full in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. \"I see I've startled you. My humble apologies. I'll take no more of your evening. My address is on my card. If 75 you don't wish to contact me, I'll reapproach you in two weeks' time. Until then, good night.\"He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless grace, like a cat making off with a fish.\"Mother?\" Chie heard Naomi's low voice and 80 turned from the door. \"He has asked you?\"The sight of Naomi's clear eyes, her dark brows gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were preposterous.\"Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! $\\mathrm{He}$ 85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to America all in the snap of his fingers!\"Chie waited for Naomi's ripe laughter.Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute looking straight into Chie's eyes. Finally, she spoke.90 \"I met him at my literary meeting.\"Naomi turned to go back into the house, then stopped.\"Mother.\"\"Yes?\"95 \"I mean to have him.\"\\begin{itemize}\\item a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her family's name\\end{itemize}\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. One character argues with another character who intrudes on her home.\n B. One character receives a surprising request from another character.\n C. One character reminisces about choices she has made over the years.\n D. One character criticizes another character for pursuing an unexpected course of action.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form-had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between-would Chie have been more receptive?He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought acalling card to the drawing room, for Chie.Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  tucked inside with the heat.\"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?\" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.\"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,\" she read.  Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.\"I think you should go,\" said Naomi. twenties, slim and serious, wearing the blackmilitary-style uniform of a student. As he bowed-his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other-Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving 30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.\"Madame,\" said Akira, \"forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency.\"His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.\"Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two.\"\"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would 40 approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle's Japanese community.\"\"Congratulations,\" Chie said with amusement. \"That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I 45 involved?\"Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts 55 needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.Akira blushed.\"Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand.\"60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.\"Does Naomi know anything of your... ambitions?\"\"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. ${ }^{*}$ We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to 70 America, to secure a new home for my bride.\"Eager to make his point, he'd been looking her full in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. \"I see I've startled you. My humble apologies. I'll take no more of your evening. My address is on my card. If 75 you don't wish to contact me, I'll reapproach you in two weeks' time. Until then, good night.\"He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless grace, like a cat making off with a fish.\"Mother?\" Chie heard Naomi's low voice and 80 turned from the door. \"He has asked you?\"The sight of Naomi's clear eyes, her dark brows gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were preposterous.\"Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! $\\mathrm{He}$ 85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to America all in the snap of his fingers!\"Chie waited for Naomi's ripe laughter.Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute looking straight into Chie's eyes. Finally, she spoke.90 \"I met him at my literary meeting.\"Naomi turned to go back into the house, then stopped.\"Mother.\"\"Yes?\"95 \"I mean to have him.\"\\begin{itemize}\\item a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her family's name\\end{itemize}\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. One character argues with another character who intrudes on her home.\n B. One character receives a surprising request from another character.\n C. One character reminisces about choices she has made over the years.\n D. One character criticizes another character for pursuing an unexpected course of action.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form-had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between-would Chie have been more receptive?He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought acalling card to the drawing room, for Chie.Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  tucked inside with the heat.\"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?\" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.\"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,\" she read.  Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.\"I think you should go,\" said Naomi. twenties, slim and serious, wearing the blackmilitary-style uniform of a student. As he bowed-his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other-Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving 30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.\"Madame,\" said Akira, \"forgive my disruption, but I come with a matter of urgency.\"His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.\"Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two.\"\"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would 40 approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I've an opportunity to go to America, as dentist for Seattle's Japanese community.\"\"Congratulations,\" Chie said with amusement. \"That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I 45 involved?\"Even noting Naomi's breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. You know how children speak50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind? That's how she viewed him, as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts 55 needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.Akira blushed.\"Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi's hand.\"60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.\"Does Naomi know anything of your... ambitions?\"\"We have an understanding. Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's yoshi. ${ }^{*}$ We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to 70 America, to secure a new home for my bride.\"Eager to make his point, he'd been looking her full in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. \"I see I've startled you. My humble apologies. I'll take no more of your evening. My address is on my card. If 75 you don't wish to contact me, I'll reapproach you in two weeks' time. Until then, good night.\"He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless grace, like a cat making off with a fish.\"Mother?\" Chie heard Naomi's low voice and 80 turned from the door. \"He has asked you?\"The sight of Naomi's clear eyes, her dark brows gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were preposterous.\"Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! $\\mathrm{He}$ 85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to America all in the snap of his fingers!\"Chie waited for Naomi's ripe laughter.Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute looking straight into Chie's eyes. Finally, she spoke.90 \"I met him at my literary meeting.\"Naomi turned to go back into the house, then stopped.\"Mother.\"\"Yes?\"95 \"I mean to have him.\"\\begin{itemize}\\item a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her family's name\\end{itemize}\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. One character argues with another character who intrudes on her home.\n B. One character receives a surprising request from another character.\n C. One character reminisces about choices she has made over the years.\n D. One character criticizes another character for pursuing an unexpected course of action.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 95, "query": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Which choice describes a scenario in which Hodick and Sievers's model predicts that a Venus flytrap will NOT close around an insect?\n A. A large insect's second contact with the plant's trigger hairs results in a total calcium ion concentration above the trap's threshold.\n B. A large insect makes contact with a second trigger hair after a period of inactivity during which calcium ion concentrations have diminished appreciably.\n C. A large insect's contact with the plant's trigger hairs causes calcium channels to open in the trap.\n D. A large insect's contact with a second trigger hair occurs within ten seconds of its contact with the first trigger hair.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Which choice describes a scenario in which Hodick and Sievers's model predicts that a Venus flytrap will NOT close around an insect?\n A. A large insect's second contact with the plant's trigger hairs results in a total calcium ion concentration above the trap's threshold.\n B. A large insect makes contact with a second trigger hair after a period of inactivity during which calcium ion concentrations have diminished appreciably.\n C. A large insect's contact with the plant's trigger hairs causes calcium channels to open in the trap.\n D. A large insect's contact with a second trigger hair occurs within ten seconds of its contact with the first trigger hair.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Which choice describes a scenario in which Hodick and Sievers's model predicts that a Venus flytrap will NOT close around an insect?\n A. A large insect's second contact with the plant's trigger hairs results in a total calcium ion concentration above the trap's threshold.\n B. A large insect makes contact with a second trigger hair after a period of inactivity during which calcium ion concentrations have diminished appreciably.\n C. A large insect's contact with the plant's trigger hairs causes calcium channels to open in the trap.\n D. A large insect's contact with a second trigger hair occurs within ten seconds of its contact with the first trigger hair.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Which choice describes a scenario in which Hodick and Sievers's model predicts that a Venus flytrap will NOT close around an insect?\n A. A large insect's second contact with the plant's trigger hairs results in a total calcium ion concentration above the trap's threshold.\n B. A large insect makes contact with a second trigger hair after a period of inactivity during which calcium ion concentrations have diminished appreciably.\n C. A large insect's contact with the plant's trigger hairs causes calcium channels to open in the trap.\n D. A large insect's contact with a second trigger hair occurs within ten seconds of its contact with the first trigger hair.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:95"}
{"index": 96, "query": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, what potential criticism might be made of Volkov's testing of Hodick and Sievers's model?\n A. Volkov's understanding of Hodick and Sievers's model was incorrect.\n B. Volkov's measurements did not corroborate a central element of Hodick and Sievers's model.\n C. Volkov's direct application of an electrical current would have been objectionable to Hodick and Sievers.\n D. Volkov's technology was not available to Hodick and Sievers.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, what potential criticism might be made of Volkov's testing of Hodick and Sievers's model?\n A. Volkov's understanding of Hodick and Sievers's model was incorrect.\n B. Volkov's measurements did not corroborate a central element of Hodick and Sievers's model.\n C. Volkov's direct application of an electrical current would have been objectionable to Hodick and Sievers.\n D. Volkov's technology was not available to Hodick and Sievers.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, what potential criticism might be made of Volkov's testing of Hodick and Sievers's model?\n A. Volkov's understanding of Hodick and Sievers's model was incorrect.\n B. Volkov's measurements did not corroborate a central element of Hodick and Sievers's model.\n C. Volkov's direct application of an electrical current would have been objectionable to Hodick and Sievers.\n D. Volkov's technology was not available to Hodick and Sievers.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, what potential criticism might be made of Volkov's testing of Hodick and Sievers's model?\n A. Volkov's understanding of Hodick and Sievers's model was incorrect.\n B. Volkov's measurements did not corroborate a central element of Hodick and Sievers's model.\n C. Volkov's direct application of an electrical current would have been objectionable to Hodick and Sievers.\n D. Volkov's technology was not available to Hodick and Sievers.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 145, "query": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?\n A. A popular belief about a particular industry is explained, experiments supporting that belief are described, and the implications of the experiments are identified.\n B. An unexpected claim about consumer behavior is introduced, examples supporting the claim are detailed, and experiments confirming the claim are discussed.\n C. A debate about an economic theory is outlined, two opposing views on the debate are explained in more detail, and research supporting one of those views is recounted.\n D. A negative impact of a common business practice is presented, two stories are used as an illustration, and research suggesting improvements is summarized.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?\n A. A popular belief about a particular industry is explained, experiments supporting that belief are described, and the implications of the experiments are identified.\n B. An unexpected claim about consumer behavior is introduced, examples supporting the claim are detailed, and experiments confirming the claim are discussed.\n C. A debate about an economic theory is outlined, two opposing views on the debate are explained in more detail, and research supporting one of those views is recounted.\n D. A negative impact of a common business practice is presented, two stories are used as an illustration, and research suggesting improvements is summarized.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?\n A. A popular belief about a particular industry is explained, experiments supporting that belief are described, and the implications of the experiments are identified.\n B. An unexpected claim about consumer behavior is introduced, examples supporting the claim are detailed, and experiments confirming the claim are discussed.\n C. A debate about an economic theory is outlined, two opposing views on the debate are explained in more detail, and research supporting one of those views is recounted.\n D. A negative impact of a common business practice is presented, two stories are used as an illustration, and research suggesting improvements is summarized.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?\n A. A popular belief about a particular industry is explained, experiments supporting that belief are described, and the implications of the experiments are identified.\n B. An unexpected claim about consumer behavior is introduced, examples supporting the claim are detailed, and experiments confirming the claim are discussed.\n C. A debate about an economic theory is outlined, two opposing views on the debate are explained in more detail, and research supporting one of those views is recounted.\n D. A negative impact of a common business practice is presented, two stories are used as an illustration, and research suggesting improvements is summarized.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:145"}
{"index": 59, "query": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: book\") The narrator indicates that Lymie finally closes the history book because\n A. his father has joined him at the table.\n B. the people at the other table are too disruptive.\n C. he has finished the chapter about the Congress.\n D. he is preparing to leave the restaurant.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: book\") The narrator indicates that Lymie finally closes the history book because\n A. his father has joined him at the table.\n B. the people at the other table are too disruptive.\n C. he has finished the chapter about the Congress.\n D. he is preparing to leave the restaurant.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: book\") The narrator indicates that Lymie finally closes the history book because\n A. his father has joined him at the table.\n B. the people at the other table are too disruptive.\n C. he has finished the chapter about the Congress.\n D. he is preparing to leave the restaurant.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: book\") The narrator indicates that Lymie finally closes the history book because\n A. his father has joined him at the table.\n B. the people at the other table are too disruptive.\n C. he has finished the chapter about the Congress.\n D. he is preparing to leave the restaurant.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:59"}
{"index": 16, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Follow the money and you will end up in space. That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on mining beyond Earth.Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for 5 Space Engineering Research, the event brought together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar scientists, and government agencies that are all working to make space mining a reality.The forum comes hot on the heels of the 102012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms. Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020 . Another15 commercial venture that sprung up in 2012, Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to the moon, including to potential lunar miners.Within a few decades, these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as20 platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who transformed the western United States, the first space miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope25 to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds with Earth, in which the materials extracted and processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects.In this scenario, water mined from other 30 worlds could become the most desired commodity. \"In the desert, what's worth more: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?\" asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York. \"Gold is useless. Water will let you live.\"35 Water ice from the moon's poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary 40 refuelling stations. Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into 45 concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.\\section{Passage 2}The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics. The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few0 billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought. At first glance, space55 mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences -both here on Earth and in space -merit careful consideration.60 Part of this is about principles. Some will argue that space's \"magnificent desolation\" is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet's poles should remain pristine. Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space's riches is not an65 acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving.70 After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica's icy landscapes.There's also the emerging off-world economy to consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and 75 beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached-and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are 80 often reluctant to engage with such questions.One speaker at last week's space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit 85 exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek one out\nQuestion: Which point about the resources that will be highly valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in Passage 2 ?\n A. They may be different resources from those that are valuable on Earth.\n B. They will be valuable only if they can be harvested cheaply.\n C. They are likely to be primarily precious metals and rare earth elements.\n D. They may increase in value as those same resources become rare on Earth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Follow the money and you will end up in space. That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on mining beyond Earth.Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for 5 Space Engineering Research, the event brought together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar scientists, and government agencies that are all working to make space mining a reality.The forum comes hot on the heels of the 102012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms. Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020 . Another15 commercial venture that sprung up in 2012, Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to the moon, including to potential lunar miners.Within a few decades, these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as20 platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who transformed the western United States, the first space miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope25 to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds with Earth, in which the materials extracted and processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects.In this scenario, water mined from other 30 worlds could become the most desired commodity. \"In the desert, what's worth more: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?\" asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York. \"Gold is useless. Water will let you live.\"35 Water ice from the moon's poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary 40 refuelling stations. Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into 45 concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.\\section{Passage 2}The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics. The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few0 billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought. At first glance, space55 mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences -both here on Earth and in space -merit careful consideration.60 Part of this is about principles. Some will argue that space's \"magnificent desolation\" is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet's poles should remain pristine. Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space's riches is not an65 acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving.70 After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica's icy landscapes.There's also the emerging off-world economy to consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and 75 beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached-and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are 80 often reluctant to engage with such questions.One speaker at last week's space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit 85 exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek one out\nQuestion: Which point about the resources that will be highly valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in Passage 2 ?\n A. They may be different resources from those that are valuable on Earth.\n B. They will be valuable only if they can be harvested cheaply.\n C. They are likely to be primarily precious metals and rare earth elements.\n D. They may increase in value as those same resources become rare on Earth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Follow the money and you will end up in space. That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on mining beyond Earth.Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for 5 Space Engineering Research, the event brought together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar scientists, and government agencies that are all working to make space mining a reality.The forum comes hot on the heels of the 102012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms. Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020 . Another15 commercial venture that sprung up in 2012, Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to the moon, including to potential lunar miners.Within a few decades, these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as20 platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who transformed the western United States, the first space miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope25 to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds with Earth, in which the materials extracted and processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects.In this scenario, water mined from other 30 worlds could become the most desired commodity. \"In the desert, what's worth more: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?\" asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York. \"Gold is useless. Water will let you live.\"35 Water ice from the moon's poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary 40 refuelling stations. Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into 45 concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.\\section{Passage 2}The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics. The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few0 billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought. At first glance, space55 mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences -both here on Earth and in space -merit careful consideration.60 Part of this is about principles. Some will argue that space's \"magnificent desolation\" is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet's poles should remain pristine. Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space's riches is not an65 acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving.70 After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica's icy landscapes.There's also the emerging off-world economy to consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and 75 beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached-and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are 80 often reluctant to engage with such questions.One speaker at last week's space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit 85 exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek one out\nQuestion: Which point about the resources that will be highly valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in Passage 2 ?\n A. They may be different resources from those that are valuable on Earth.\n B. They will be valuable only if they can be harvested cheaply.\n C. They are likely to be primarily precious metals and rare earth elements.\n D. They may increase in value as those same resources become rare on Earth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Follow the money and you will end up in space. That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on mining beyond Earth.Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for 5 Space Engineering Research, the event brought together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar scientists, and government agencies that are all working to make space mining a reality.The forum comes hot on the heels of the 102012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms. Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020 . Another15 commercial venture that sprung up in 2012, Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to the moon, including to potential lunar miners.Within a few decades, these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as20 platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics, such as yttrium and lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who transformed the western United States, the first space miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope25 to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds with Earth, in which the materials extracted and processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects.In this scenario, water mined from other 30 worlds could become the most desired commodity. \"In the desert, what's worth more: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?\" asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York. \"Gold is useless. Water will let you live.\"35 Water ice from the moon's poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary 40 refuelling stations. Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into 45 concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.\\section{Passage 2}The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics. The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few0 billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought. At first glance, space55 mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences -both here on Earth and in space -merit careful consideration.60 Part of this is about principles. Some will argue that space's \"magnificent desolation\" is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet's poles should remain pristine. Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space's riches is not an65 acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving.70 After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica's icy landscapes.There's also the emerging off-world economy to consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and 75 beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached-and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are 80 often reluctant to engage with such questions.One speaker at last week's space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit 85 exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek one out\nQuestion: Which point about the resources that will be highly valued in space is implicit in Passage 1 and explicit in Passage 2 ?\n A. They may be different resources from those that are valuable on Earth.\n B. They will be valuable only if they can be harvested cheaply.\n C. They are likely to be primarily precious metals and rare earth elements.\n D. They may increase in value as those same resources become rare on Earth.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:16"}
{"index": 97, "query": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, in studying the Venus flytrap, Volkov and his colleagues made the most extensive use of which type of evidence?\n A. Mathematical models to predict the electrical charge required to close the Venus flytrap\n B. Analysis of data collected from previous researchers' work involving the Venus flytrap's response to electricity\n C. Information obtained from monitoring the Venus flytrap's response to varying amounts of electrical current\n D. Published theories of scientists who developed earlier models of the Venus flytrap\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, in studying the Venus flytrap, Volkov and his colleagues made the most extensive use of which type of evidence?\n A. Mathematical models to predict the electrical charge required to close the Venus flytrap\n B. Analysis of data collected from previous researchers' work involving the Venus flytrap's response to electricity\n C. Information obtained from monitoring the Venus flytrap's response to varying amounts of electrical current\n D. Published theories of scientists who developed earlier models of the Venus flytrap\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, in studying the Venus flytrap, Volkov and his colleagues made the most extensive use of which type of evidence?\n A. Mathematical models to predict the electrical charge required to close the Venus flytrap\n B. Analysis of data collected from previous researchers' work involving the Venus flytrap's response to electricity\n C. Information obtained from monitoring the Venus flytrap's response to varying amounts of electrical current\n D. Published theories of scientists who developed earlier models of the Venus flytrap\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, in studying the Venus flytrap, Volkov and his colleagues made the most extensive use of which type of evidence?\n A. Mathematical models to predict the electrical charge required to close the Venus flytrap\n B. Analysis of data collected from previous researchers' work involving the Venus flytrap's response to electricity\n C. Information obtained from monitoring the Venus flytrap's response to varying amounts of electrical current\n D. Published theories of scientists who developed earlier models of the Venus flytrap\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:97"}
{"index": 102, "query": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: The narrator indicates that the contrast between the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village and her family's ink shop is that the ink shop\n A. displays the family's ink more impressively.\n B. is more conveniently located for the public.\n C. provides greater individual attention to customers.\n D. offers a larger space for presenting products.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: The narrator indicates that the contrast between the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village and her family's ink shop is that the ink shop\n A. displays the family's ink more impressively.\n B. is more conveniently located for the public.\n C. provides greater individual attention to customers.\n D. offers a larger space for presenting products.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: The narrator indicates that the contrast between the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village and her family's ink shop is that the ink shop\n A. displays the family's ink more impressively.\n B. is more conveniently located for the public.\n C. provides greater individual attention to customers.\n D. offers a larger space for presenting products.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: The narrator indicates that the contrast between the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village and her family's ink shop is that the ink shop\n A. displays the family's ink more impressively.\n B. is more conveniently located for the public.\n C. provides greater individual attention to customers.\n D. offers a larger space for presenting products.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:102"}
{"index": 25, "query": "In the early 1990s, textbooks acknowledged that humans had slow-conducting nerves, but asserted that those nerves only responded to two types of  stimuli: pain and temperature. Sensations of pressureand vibration were believed to travel only along myelinated, fast-signaling nerve fibers, which also give information about location. Experiments blocking nerve fibers supported this notion. Preventing fast fibers from firing (either by clamping 10 the relevant nerve or by injecting the local anesthetic lidocaine) seemed to eliminate the sensation of pressure altogether, but blocking slow fibers only seemed to reduce sensitivity to warmth or a small painful shock.15 H\u00e5kan Olausson and his Gothenburg University colleagues \u00c5ke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg wondered if slow fibers responsive to gentle pressure might be active in humans as well as in other mammals. In 1993, they corralled 28 young20 volunteers and recorded nerve signals while gently brushing the subjects' arms with their fingertips. Using a technique called microneurography, in which a fine filament is inserted into a single nerve to capture its electrical impulses, the scientists were able25 to measure how quickly-or slowly-the nerves fired. They showed that soft stroking prompted two different signals, one immediate and one delayed. The delay, Olausson explains, means that the signal from a gentle touch on the forearm will30 reach the brain about a half second later. This delay identified nerve impulses traveling at speeds characteristic of slow, unmyelinated fibers-about 1 meter/second-confirming the presence of these fibers in human hairy skin. (In contrast, fast-35 conducting fibers, already known to respond to touch, signal at a rate between 35 and $75 \\mathrm{~m} / \\mathrm{s}$.)Then, in 1999, the group looked more closely at the characteristics of the slow fibers. They named these \"low-threshold\" nerves \"C-tactile,\" or CT,40 fibers, said Olausson, because of their \"exquisite sensitivity\" to slow, gentle tactile stimulation, but unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks.But why exactly humans might have such fibers, which respond only to a narrow range of rather45 subtle stimuli, was initially mystifying. Unlike other types of sensory nerves, CT fibers could be found only in hairy human skin-such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and soles of the feet, prompted50 similar activity signatures. Olausson and his colleagues decided that these fibers must be conveying a different dimension of sensory information than fast-conducting fibers.Although microneurography can give55 information about how a single nerve responds to gentle brushing and pressure, it cannot tease out what aspect of sensation that fiber relays, says Olausson. He wanted to know if that same slow nerve can distinguish where the brush touches the$60 \\mathrm{arm}$, and whether it can discern the difference between a goat-hair brush and a feather. Most importantly, could that same fiber convey a pleasant sensation?To address the question, Olausson's group sought65 out a patient known as G.L. who had an unusual nerve defect. More than 2 decades earlier, she had developed numbness across many parts of her body after taking penicillin to treat a cough and fever. Testing showed that she had lost responsiveness to 70 pressure, and a nerve biopsy confirmed that G.L.'s quick-conducting fibers were gone, resulting in an inability to sense any pokes, prods, or pinpricks below her nose. But she could still sense warmth, suggesting that her slow-conducting unmyelinated 75 fibers were intact.Upon recruiting G.L., Olausson tested her by brushing her arm gently at the speed of between 2-10 centimeters per second. She had more trouble distinguishing the direction or pressure of the brush80 strokes than most subjects, but reported feeling a pleasant sensation. When the researchers tried brushing her palm, where CT fibers are not found, she felt nothing.Olausson used functional MRI studies to examine 85 which areas of the brain lit up when G.L.'s arm was gently brushed to activate CT fibers. In normal subjects, both the somatosensory and insular cortices were activated, but only the insular cortex [which processes emotion] was active when researchers90 brushed G.L.'s arm. This solidified the notion that CT fibers convey a more emotional quality of touch, rather than the conscious aspect that helps us describe what we are sensing. CT fibers, it seemed, specifically provide pleasurable sensations\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred that one of the intended goals of the 1999 experiment was to determine the\n A. precise nature of sensations that CT fibers can convey.\n B. relationship between body hair and CT fiber function.\n C. role played by CT fibers in the perception of pain.\n D. effect of microneurography on CT fiber signaling.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In the early 1990s, textbooks acknowledged that humans had slow-conducting nerves, but asserted that those nerves only responded to two types of  stimuli: pain and temperature. Sensations of pressureand vibration were believed to travel only along myelinated, fast-signaling nerve fibers, which also give information about location. Experiments blocking nerve fibers supported this notion. Preventing fast fibers from firing (either by clamping 10 the relevant nerve or by injecting the local anesthetic lidocaine) seemed to eliminate the sensation of pressure altogether, but blocking slow fibers only seemed to reduce sensitivity to warmth or a small painful shock.15 H\u00e5kan Olausson and his Gothenburg University colleagues \u00c5ke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg wondered if slow fibers responsive to gentle pressure might be active in humans as well as in other mammals. In 1993, they corralled 28 young20 volunteers and recorded nerve signals while gently brushing the subjects' arms with their fingertips. Using a technique called microneurography, in which a fine filament is inserted into a single nerve to capture its electrical impulses, the scientists were able25 to measure how quickly-or slowly-the nerves fired. They showed that soft stroking prompted two different signals, one immediate and one delayed. The delay, Olausson explains, means that the signal from a gentle touch on the forearm will30 reach the brain about a half second later. This delay identified nerve impulses traveling at speeds characteristic of slow, unmyelinated fibers-about 1 meter/second-confirming the presence of these fibers in human hairy skin. (In contrast, fast-35 conducting fibers, already known to respond to touch, signal at a rate between 35 and $75 \\mathrm{~m} / \\mathrm{s}$.)Then, in 1999, the group looked more closely at the characteristics of the slow fibers. They named these \"low-threshold\" nerves \"C-tactile,\" or CT,40 fibers, said Olausson, because of their \"exquisite sensitivity\" to slow, gentle tactile stimulation, but unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks.But why exactly humans might have such fibers, which respond only to a narrow range of rather45 subtle stimuli, was initially mystifying. Unlike other types of sensory nerves, CT fibers could be found only in hairy human skin-such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and soles of the feet, prompted50 similar activity signatures. Olausson and his colleagues decided that these fibers must be conveying a different dimension of sensory information than fast-conducting fibers.Although microneurography can give55 information about how a single nerve responds to gentle brushing and pressure, it cannot tease out what aspect of sensation that fiber relays, says Olausson. He wanted to know if that same slow nerve can distinguish where the brush touches the$60 \\mathrm{arm}$, and whether it can discern the difference between a goat-hair brush and a feather. Most importantly, could that same fiber convey a pleasant sensation?To address the question, Olausson's group sought65 out a patient known as G.L. who had an unusual nerve defect. More than 2 decades earlier, she had developed numbness across many parts of her body after taking penicillin to treat a cough and fever. Testing showed that she had lost responsiveness to 70 pressure, and a nerve biopsy confirmed that G.L.'s quick-conducting fibers were gone, resulting in an inability to sense any pokes, prods, or pinpricks below her nose. But she could still sense warmth, suggesting that her slow-conducting unmyelinated 75 fibers were intact.Upon recruiting G.L., Olausson tested her by brushing her arm gently at the speed of between 2-10 centimeters per second. She had more trouble distinguishing the direction or pressure of the brush80 strokes than most subjects, but reported feeling a pleasant sensation. When the researchers tried brushing her palm, where CT fibers are not found, she felt nothing.Olausson used functional MRI studies to examine 85 which areas of the brain lit up when G.L.'s arm was gently brushed to activate CT fibers. In normal subjects, both the somatosensory and insular cortices were activated, but only the insular cortex [which processes emotion] was active when researchers90 brushed G.L.'s arm. This solidified the notion that CT fibers convey a more emotional quality of touch, rather than the conscious aspect that helps us describe what we are sensing. CT fibers, it seemed, specifically provide pleasurable sensations\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred that one of the intended goals of the 1999 experiment was to determine the\n A. precise nature of sensations that CT fibers can convey.\n B. relationship between body hair and CT fiber function.\n C. role played by CT fibers in the perception of pain.\n D. effect of microneurography on CT fiber signaling.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In the early 1990s, textbooks acknowledged that humans had slow-conducting nerves, but asserted that those nerves only responded to two types of  stimuli: pain and temperature. Sensations of pressureand vibration were believed to travel only along myelinated, fast-signaling nerve fibers, which also give information about location. Experiments blocking nerve fibers supported this notion. Preventing fast fibers from firing (either by clamping 10 the relevant nerve or by injecting the local anesthetic lidocaine) seemed to eliminate the sensation of pressure altogether, but blocking slow fibers only seemed to reduce sensitivity to warmth or a small painful shock.15 H\u00e5kan Olausson and his Gothenburg University colleagues \u00c5ke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg wondered if slow fibers responsive to gentle pressure might be active in humans as well as in other mammals. In 1993, they corralled 28 young20 volunteers and recorded nerve signals while gently brushing the subjects' arms with their fingertips. Using a technique called microneurography, in which a fine filament is inserted into a single nerve to capture its electrical impulses, the scientists were able25 to measure how quickly-or slowly-the nerves fired. They showed that soft stroking prompted two different signals, one immediate and one delayed. The delay, Olausson explains, means that the signal from a gentle touch on the forearm will30 reach the brain about a half second later. This delay identified nerve impulses traveling at speeds characteristic of slow, unmyelinated fibers-about 1 meter/second-confirming the presence of these fibers in human hairy skin. (In contrast, fast-35 conducting fibers, already known to respond to touch, signal at a rate between 35 and $75 \\mathrm{~m} / \\mathrm{s}$.)Then, in 1999, the group looked more closely at the characteristics of the slow fibers. They named these \"low-threshold\" nerves \"C-tactile,\" or CT,40 fibers, said Olausson, because of their \"exquisite sensitivity\" to slow, gentle tactile stimulation, but unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks.But why exactly humans might have such fibers, which respond only to a narrow range of rather45 subtle stimuli, was initially mystifying. Unlike other types of sensory nerves, CT fibers could be found only in hairy human skin-such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and soles of the feet, prompted50 similar activity signatures. Olausson and his colleagues decided that these fibers must be conveying a different dimension of sensory information than fast-conducting fibers.Although microneurography can give55 information about how a single nerve responds to gentle brushing and pressure, it cannot tease out what aspect of sensation that fiber relays, says Olausson. He wanted to know if that same slow nerve can distinguish where the brush touches the$60 \\mathrm{arm}$, and whether it can discern the difference between a goat-hair brush and a feather. Most importantly, could that same fiber convey a pleasant sensation?To address the question, Olausson's group sought65 out a patient known as G.L. who had an unusual nerve defect. More than 2 decades earlier, she had developed numbness across many parts of her body after taking penicillin to treat a cough and fever. Testing showed that she had lost responsiveness to 70 pressure, and a nerve biopsy confirmed that G.L.'s quick-conducting fibers were gone, resulting in an inability to sense any pokes, prods, or pinpricks below her nose. But she could still sense warmth, suggesting that her slow-conducting unmyelinated 75 fibers were intact.Upon recruiting G.L., Olausson tested her by brushing her arm gently at the speed of between 2-10 centimeters per second. She had more trouble distinguishing the direction or pressure of the brush80 strokes than most subjects, but reported feeling a pleasant sensation. When the researchers tried brushing her palm, where CT fibers are not found, she felt nothing.Olausson used functional MRI studies to examine 85 which areas of the brain lit up when G.L.'s arm was gently brushed to activate CT fibers. In normal subjects, both the somatosensory and insular cortices were activated, but only the insular cortex [which processes emotion] was active when researchers90 brushed G.L.'s arm. This solidified the notion that CT fibers convey a more emotional quality of touch, rather than the conscious aspect that helps us describe what we are sensing. CT fibers, it seemed, specifically provide pleasurable sensations\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred that one of the intended goals of the 1999 experiment was to determine the\n A. precise nature of sensations that CT fibers can convey.\n B. relationship between body hair and CT fiber function.\n C. role played by CT fibers in the perception of pain.\n D. effect of microneurography on CT fiber signaling.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In the early 1990s, textbooks acknowledged that humans had slow-conducting nerves, but asserted that those nerves only responded to two types of  stimuli: pain and temperature. Sensations of pressureand vibration were believed to travel only along myelinated, fast-signaling nerve fibers, which also give information about location. Experiments blocking nerve fibers supported this notion. Preventing fast fibers from firing (either by clamping 10 the relevant nerve or by injecting the local anesthetic lidocaine) seemed to eliminate the sensation of pressure altogether, but blocking slow fibers only seemed to reduce sensitivity to warmth or a small painful shock.15 H\u00e5kan Olausson and his Gothenburg University colleagues \u00c5ke Vallbo and Johan Wessberg wondered if slow fibers responsive to gentle pressure might be active in humans as well as in other mammals. In 1993, they corralled 28 young20 volunteers and recorded nerve signals while gently brushing the subjects' arms with their fingertips. Using a technique called microneurography, in which a fine filament is inserted into a single nerve to capture its electrical impulses, the scientists were able25 to measure how quickly-or slowly-the nerves fired. They showed that soft stroking prompted two different signals, one immediate and one delayed. The delay, Olausson explains, means that the signal from a gentle touch on the forearm will30 reach the brain about a half second later. This delay identified nerve impulses traveling at speeds characteristic of slow, unmyelinated fibers-about 1 meter/second-confirming the presence of these fibers in human hairy skin. (In contrast, fast-35 conducting fibers, already known to respond to touch, signal at a rate between 35 and $75 \\mathrm{~m} / \\mathrm{s}$.)Then, in 1999, the group looked more closely at the characteristics of the slow fibers. They named these \"low-threshold\" nerves \"C-tactile,\" or CT,40 fibers, said Olausson, because of their \"exquisite sensitivity\" to slow, gentle tactile stimulation, but unresponsiveness to noxious stimuli like pinpricks.But why exactly humans might have such fibers, which respond only to a narrow range of rather45 subtle stimuli, was initially mystifying. Unlike other types of sensory nerves, CT fibers could be found only in hairy human skin-such as the forearm and thigh. No amount of gentle stroking of hairless skin, such as the palms and soles of the feet, prompted50 similar activity signatures. Olausson and his colleagues decided that these fibers must be conveying a different dimension of sensory information than fast-conducting fibers.Although microneurography can give55 information about how a single nerve responds to gentle brushing and pressure, it cannot tease out what aspect of sensation that fiber relays, says Olausson. He wanted to know if that same slow nerve can distinguish where the brush touches the$60 \\mathrm{arm}$, and whether it can discern the difference between a goat-hair brush and a feather. Most importantly, could that same fiber convey a pleasant sensation?To address the question, Olausson's group sought65 out a patient known as G.L. who had an unusual nerve defect. More than 2 decades earlier, she had developed numbness across many parts of her body after taking penicillin to treat a cough and fever. Testing showed that she had lost responsiveness to 70 pressure, and a nerve biopsy confirmed that G.L.'s quick-conducting fibers were gone, resulting in an inability to sense any pokes, prods, or pinpricks below her nose. But she could still sense warmth, suggesting that her slow-conducting unmyelinated 75 fibers were intact.Upon recruiting G.L., Olausson tested her by brushing her arm gently at the speed of between 2-10 centimeters per second. She had more trouble distinguishing the direction or pressure of the brush80 strokes than most subjects, but reported feeling a pleasant sensation. When the researchers tried brushing her palm, where CT fibers are not found, she felt nothing.Olausson used functional MRI studies to examine 85 which areas of the brain lit up when G.L.'s arm was gently brushed to activate CT fibers. In normal subjects, both the somatosensory and insular cortices were activated, but only the insular cortex [which processes emotion] was active when researchers90 brushed G.L.'s arm. This solidified the notion that CT fibers convey a more emotional quality of touch, rather than the conscious aspect that helps us describe what we are sensing. CT fibers, it seemed, specifically provide pleasurable sensations\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred that one of the intended goals of the 1999 experiment was to determine the\n A. precise nature of sensations that CT fibers can convey.\n B. relationship between body hair and CT fiber function.\n C. role played by CT fibers in the perception of pain.\n D. effect of microneurography on CT fiber signaling.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 11, "query": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting of the bridge because it\n A. is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection.\n B. provides a good view of the procession of the sons of educated men.\n C. is within sight of historic episodes to which she alludes.\n D. is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons of educated men.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting of the bridge because it\n A. is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection.\n B. provides a good view of the procession of the sons of educated men.\n C. is within sight of historic episodes to which she alludes.\n D. is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons of educated men.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting of the bridge because it\n A. is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection.\n B. provides a good view of the procession of the sons of educated men.\n C. is within sight of historic episodes to which she alludes.\n D. is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons of educated men.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: According to the passage, Woolf chooses the setting of the bridge because it\n A. is conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection.\n B. provides a good view of the procession of the sons of educated men.\n C. is within sight of historic episodes to which she alludes.\n D. is symbolic of the legacy of past and present sons of educated men.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:11"}
{"index": 30, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In developing their respective arguments, Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) both express admiration for the\n A. founding and history of the United States.\n B. vibrancy and diversity of American culture.\n C. worldwide history of struggles for independence.\n D. idealism that permeates many aspects of American society\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In developing their respective arguments, Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) both express admiration for the\n A. founding and history of the United States.\n B. vibrancy and diversity of American culture.\n C. worldwide history of struggles for independence.\n D. idealism that permeates many aspects of American society\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In developing their respective arguments, Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) both express admiration for the\n A. founding and history of the United States.\n B. vibrancy and diversity of American culture.\n C. worldwide history of struggles for independence.\n D. idealism that permeates many aspects of American society\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In developing their respective arguments, Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) both express admiration for the\n A. founding and history of the United States.\n B. vibrancy and diversity of American culture.\n C. worldwide history of struggles for independence.\n D. idealism that permeates many aspects of American society\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:30"}
{"index": 54, "query": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: Based on data in the table, in what percent of colonies with colony collapse disorder were the honeybees infected by all four pathogens?\n A. 0 percent\n B. 77 percent\n C. 83 percent\n D. 100 percent\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: Based on data in the table, in what percent of colonies with colony collapse disorder were the honeybees infected by all four pathogens?\n A. 0 percent\n B. 77 percent\n C. 83 percent\n D. 100 percent\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: Based on data in the table, in what percent of colonies with colony collapse disorder were the honeybees infected by all four pathogens?\n A. 0 percent\n B. 77 percent\n C. 83 percent\n D. 100 percent\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: Based on data in the table, in what percent of colonies with colony collapse disorder were the honeybees infected by all four pathogens?\n A. 0 percent\n B. 77 percent\n C. 83 percent\n D. 100 percent\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:54"}
{"index": 197, "query": "Texas gourd vines unfurl their large, flared.blossoms in the dim hours before sunrise. Until they.close at noon, their yellow petals and mild, squashy.aroma attract bees that gather nectar and shuttle.pollen from flower to flower. But \u201cwhen you.advertise [to pollinators], you advertise in an.open communication network,\u201d says chemical.ecologist Ian Baldwin of the Max Planck Institute for.Chemical Ecology in Germany. \u201cYou attract not just.the good guys, but you also attract the bad guys.\u201d For.a Texas gourd plant, striped cucumber beetles are.among the very bad guys. They chew up pollen and.petals, defecate in the flowers and transmit the.dreaded bacterial wilt disease, an infection that can.reduce an entire plant to a heap of collapsed tissue in.mere days..In one recent study, Nina Theis and Lynn Adler.took on the specific problem of the Texas.gourd\u2014how to attract enough pollinators but not.too many beetles. The Texas gourd vine\u2019s main.pollinators are honey bees and specialized squash.bees, which respond to its floral scent. The aroma.includes 10 compounds, but the most.abundant\u2014and the only one that lures squash bees.into traps\u2014is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene..Intuition suggests that more of that aroma should.be even more appealing to bees. \u201cWe have this.assumption that a really fragrant flower is going to.attract a lot of pollinators,\u201d says Theis, a chemical.ecologist at Elms College in Chicopee,.Massachusetts. But, she adds, that idea hasn\u2019t really.been tested\u2014and extra scent could well call in more.beetles, too. To find out, she and Adler planted 168 Texas gourd vines in an Iowa field and,.throughout the August flowering season, made half.the plants more fragrant by tucking.dimethoxybenzene-treated swabs deep inside their.flowers. Each treated flower emitted about 45 times.more fragrance than a normal one; the other half of.the plants got swabs without fragrance..The researchers also wanted to know whether.extra beetles would impose a double cost by both.damaging flowers and deterring bees, which might.not bother to visit (and pollinate) a flower laden with.other insects and their feces. So every half hour.throughout the experiments, the team plucked all the.beetles off of half the fragrance-enhanced flowers and.half the control flowers, allowing bees to respond to.the blossoms with and without interference by.beetles..Finally, they pollinated by hand half of the female.flowers in each of the four combinations of fragrance.and beetles. Hand-pollinated flowers should develop.into fruits with the maximum number of seeds,.providing a benchmark to see whether the.fragrance-related activities of bees and beetles.resulted in reduced pollination..\u201cIt was very labor intensive,\u201d says Theis..\u201cWe would be out there at four in the morning, three.in the morning, to try and set up before these flowers.open.\u201d As soon as they did, the team spent the next.several hours walking from flower to flower,.observing each for two-minute intervals \u201cand writing.down everything we saw.\u201d.What they saw was double the normal number of.beetles on fragrance-enhanced blossoms..Pollinators, to their surprise, did not prefer the.highly scented flowers. Squash bees were indifferent,.and honey bees visited enhanced flowers less often.than normal ones. Theis thinks the bees were.repelled not by the fragrance itself, but by the.abundance of beetles: The data showed that the more.beetles on a flower, the less likely a honey bee was to.visit it..That added up to less reproduction for.fragrance-enhanced flowers. Gourds that developed.from those blossoms weighed 9 percent less and had,.on average, 20 fewer seeds than those from normal.flowers. Hand pollination didn\u2019t rescue the seed set,.indicating that beetles damaged flowers directly.\u2014regardless of whether they also repelled.pollinators. (Hand pollination did rescue fruit.weight, a hard-to-interpret result that suggests that.lost bee visits did somehow harm fruit development.).The new results provide a reason that Texas gourd.plants never evolved to produce a stronger scent: \u201cIf.you really ramp up the odor, you don\u2019t get more.pollinators, but you can really get ripped apart by.your enemies,\u201d says Rob Raguso, a chemical ecologist.at Cornell University who was not involved in the.Texas gourd study.\nQuestion: The author indicates that it seems initially plausible thatTexas gourd plants could attract more pollinators if they\n A. did not have aromatic flowers.\n B. targeted insects other than bees.\n C. increased their floral scent.\n D. emitted more varied fragrant compounds.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Texas gourd vines unfurl their large, flared.blossoms in the dim hours before sunrise. Until they.close at noon, their yellow petals and mild, squashy.aroma attract bees that gather nectar and shuttle.pollen from flower to flower. But \u201cwhen you.advertise [to pollinators], you advertise in an.open communication network,\u201d says chemical.ecologist Ian Baldwin of the Max Planck Institute for.Chemical Ecology in Germany. \u201cYou attract not just.the good guys, but you also attract the bad guys.\u201d For.a Texas gourd plant, striped cucumber beetles are.among the very bad guys. They chew up pollen and.petals, defecate in the flowers and transmit the.dreaded bacterial wilt disease, an infection that can.reduce an entire plant to a heap of collapsed tissue in.mere days..In one recent study, Nina Theis and Lynn Adler.took on the specific problem of the Texas.gourd\u2014how to attract enough pollinators but not.too many beetles. The Texas gourd vine\u2019s main.pollinators are honey bees and specialized squash.bees, which respond to its floral scent. The aroma.includes 10 compounds, but the most.abundant\u2014and the only one that lures squash bees.into traps\u2014is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene..Intuition suggests that more of that aroma should.be even more appealing to bees. \u201cWe have this.assumption that a really fragrant flower is going to.attract a lot of pollinators,\u201d says Theis, a chemical.ecologist at Elms College in Chicopee,.Massachusetts. But, she adds, that idea hasn\u2019t really.been tested\u2014and extra scent could well call in more.beetles, too. To find out, she and Adler planted 168 Texas gourd vines in an Iowa field and,.throughout the August flowering season, made half.the plants more fragrant by tucking.dimethoxybenzene-treated swabs deep inside their.flowers. Each treated flower emitted about 45 times.more fragrance than a normal one; the other half of.the plants got swabs without fragrance..The researchers also wanted to know whether.extra beetles would impose a double cost by both.damaging flowers and deterring bees, which might.not bother to visit (and pollinate) a flower laden with.other insects and their feces. So every half hour.throughout the experiments, the team plucked all the.beetles off of half the fragrance-enhanced flowers and.half the control flowers, allowing bees to respond to.the blossoms with and without interference by.beetles..Finally, they pollinated by hand half of the female.flowers in each of the four combinations of fragrance.and beetles. Hand-pollinated flowers should develop.into fruits with the maximum number of seeds,.providing a benchmark to see whether the.fragrance-related activities of bees and beetles.resulted in reduced pollination..\u201cIt was very labor intensive,\u201d says Theis..\u201cWe would be out there at four in the morning, three.in the morning, to try and set up before these flowers.open.\u201d As soon as they did, the team spent the next.several hours walking from flower to flower,.observing each for two-minute intervals \u201cand writing.down everything we saw.\u201d.What they saw was double the normal number of.beetles on fragrance-enhanced blossoms..Pollinators, to their surprise, did not prefer the.highly scented flowers. Squash bees were indifferent,.and honey bees visited enhanced flowers less often.than normal ones. Theis thinks the bees were.repelled not by the fragrance itself, but by the.abundance of beetles: The data showed that the more.beetles on a flower, the less likely a honey bee was to.visit it..That added up to less reproduction for.fragrance-enhanced flowers. Gourds that developed.from those blossoms weighed 9 percent less and had,.on average, 20 fewer seeds than those from normal.flowers. Hand pollination didn\u2019t rescue the seed set,.indicating that beetles damaged flowers directly.\u2014regardless of whether they also repelled.pollinators. (Hand pollination did rescue fruit.weight, a hard-to-interpret result that suggests that.lost bee visits did somehow harm fruit development.).The new results provide a reason that Texas gourd.plants never evolved to produce a stronger scent: \u201cIf.you really ramp up the odor, you don\u2019t get more.pollinators, but you can really get ripped apart by.your enemies,\u201d says Rob Raguso, a chemical ecologist.at Cornell University who was not involved in the.Texas gourd study.\nQuestion: The author indicates that it seems initially plausible thatTexas gourd plants could attract more pollinators if they\n A. did not have aromatic flowers.\n B. targeted insects other than bees.\n C. increased their floral scent.\n D. emitted more varied fragrant compounds.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Texas gourd vines unfurl their large, flared.blossoms in the dim hours before sunrise. Until they.close at noon, their yellow petals and mild, squashy.aroma attract bees that gather nectar and shuttle.pollen from flower to flower. But \u201cwhen you.advertise [to pollinators], you advertise in an.open communication network,\u201d says chemical.ecologist Ian Baldwin of the Max Planck Institute for.Chemical Ecology in Germany. \u201cYou attract not just.the good guys, but you also attract the bad guys.\u201d For.a Texas gourd plant, striped cucumber beetles are.among the very bad guys. They chew up pollen and.petals, defecate in the flowers and transmit the.dreaded bacterial wilt disease, an infection that can.reduce an entire plant to a heap of collapsed tissue in.mere days..In one recent study, Nina Theis and Lynn Adler.took on the specific problem of the Texas.gourd\u2014how to attract enough pollinators but not.too many beetles. The Texas gourd vine\u2019s main.pollinators are honey bees and specialized squash.bees, which respond to its floral scent. The aroma.includes 10 compounds, but the most.abundant\u2014and the only one that lures squash bees.into traps\u2014is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene..Intuition suggests that more of that aroma should.be even more appealing to bees. \u201cWe have this.assumption that a really fragrant flower is going to.attract a lot of pollinators,\u201d says Theis, a chemical.ecologist at Elms College in Chicopee,.Massachusetts. But, she adds, that idea hasn\u2019t really.been tested\u2014and extra scent could well call in more.beetles, too. To find out, she and Adler planted 168 Texas gourd vines in an Iowa field and,.throughout the August flowering season, made half.the plants more fragrant by tucking.dimethoxybenzene-treated swabs deep inside their.flowers. Each treated flower emitted about 45 times.more fragrance than a normal one; the other half of.the plants got swabs without fragrance..The researchers also wanted to know whether.extra beetles would impose a double cost by both.damaging flowers and deterring bees, which might.not bother to visit (and pollinate) a flower laden with.other insects and their feces. So every half hour.throughout the experiments, the team plucked all the.beetles off of half the fragrance-enhanced flowers and.half the control flowers, allowing bees to respond to.the blossoms with and without interference by.beetles..Finally, they pollinated by hand half of the female.flowers in each of the four combinations of fragrance.and beetles. Hand-pollinated flowers should develop.into fruits with the maximum number of seeds,.providing a benchmark to see whether the.fragrance-related activities of bees and beetles.resulted in reduced pollination..\u201cIt was very labor intensive,\u201d says Theis..\u201cWe would be out there at four in the morning, three.in the morning, to try and set up before these flowers.open.\u201d As soon as they did, the team spent the next.several hours walking from flower to flower,.observing each for two-minute intervals \u201cand writing.down everything we saw.\u201d.What they saw was double the normal number of.beetles on fragrance-enhanced blossoms..Pollinators, to their surprise, did not prefer the.highly scented flowers. Squash bees were indifferent,.and honey bees visited enhanced flowers less often.than normal ones. Theis thinks the bees were.repelled not by the fragrance itself, but by the.abundance of beetles: The data showed that the more.beetles on a flower, the less likely a honey bee was to.visit it..That added up to less reproduction for.fragrance-enhanced flowers. Gourds that developed.from those blossoms weighed 9 percent less and had,.on average, 20 fewer seeds than those from normal.flowers. Hand pollination didn\u2019t rescue the seed set,.indicating that beetles damaged flowers directly.\u2014regardless of whether they also repelled.pollinators. (Hand pollination did rescue fruit.weight, a hard-to-interpret result that suggests that.lost bee visits did somehow harm fruit development.).The new results provide a reason that Texas gourd.plants never evolved to produce a stronger scent: \u201cIf.you really ramp up the odor, you don\u2019t get more.pollinators, but you can really get ripped apart by.your enemies,\u201d says Rob Raguso, a chemical ecologist.at Cornell University who was not involved in the.Texas gourd study.\nQuestion: The author indicates that it seems initially plausible thatTexas gourd plants could attract more pollinators if they\n A. did not have aromatic flowers.\n B. targeted insects other than bees.\n C. increased their floral scent.\n D. emitted more varied fragrant compounds.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Texas gourd vines unfurl their large, flared.blossoms in the dim hours before sunrise. Until they.close at noon, their yellow petals and mild, squashy.aroma attract bees that gather nectar and shuttle.pollen from flower to flower. But \u201cwhen you.advertise [to pollinators], you advertise in an.open communication network,\u201d says chemical.ecologist Ian Baldwin of the Max Planck Institute for.Chemical Ecology in Germany. \u201cYou attract not just.the good guys, but you also attract the bad guys.\u201d For.a Texas gourd plant, striped cucumber beetles are.among the very bad guys. They chew up pollen and.petals, defecate in the flowers and transmit the.dreaded bacterial wilt disease, an infection that can.reduce an entire plant to a heap of collapsed tissue in.mere days..In one recent study, Nina Theis and Lynn Adler.took on the specific problem of the Texas.gourd\u2014how to attract enough pollinators but not.too many beetles. The Texas gourd vine\u2019s main.pollinators are honey bees and specialized squash.bees, which respond to its floral scent. The aroma.includes 10 compounds, but the most.abundant\u2014and the only one that lures squash bees.into traps\u2014is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene..Intuition suggests that more of that aroma should.be even more appealing to bees. \u201cWe have this.assumption that a really fragrant flower is going to.attract a lot of pollinators,\u201d says Theis, a chemical.ecologist at Elms College in Chicopee,.Massachusetts. But, she adds, that idea hasn\u2019t really.been tested\u2014and extra scent could well call in more.beetles, too. To find out, she and Adler planted 168 Texas gourd vines in an Iowa field and,.throughout the August flowering season, made half.the plants more fragrant by tucking.dimethoxybenzene-treated swabs deep inside their.flowers. Each treated flower emitted about 45 times.more fragrance than a normal one; the other half of.the plants got swabs without fragrance..The researchers also wanted to know whether.extra beetles would impose a double cost by both.damaging flowers and deterring bees, which might.not bother to visit (and pollinate) a flower laden with.other insects and their feces. So every half hour.throughout the experiments, the team plucked all the.beetles off of half the fragrance-enhanced flowers and.half the control flowers, allowing bees to respond to.the blossoms with and without interference by.beetles..Finally, they pollinated by hand half of the female.flowers in each of the four combinations of fragrance.and beetles. Hand-pollinated flowers should develop.into fruits with the maximum number of seeds,.providing a benchmark to see whether the.fragrance-related activities of bees and beetles.resulted in reduced pollination..\u201cIt was very labor intensive,\u201d says Theis..\u201cWe would be out there at four in the morning, three.in the morning, to try and set up before these flowers.open.\u201d As soon as they did, the team spent the next.several hours walking from flower to flower,.observing each for two-minute intervals \u201cand writing.down everything we saw.\u201d.What they saw was double the normal number of.beetles on fragrance-enhanced blossoms..Pollinators, to their surprise, did not prefer the.highly scented flowers. Squash bees were indifferent,.and honey bees visited enhanced flowers less often.than normal ones. Theis thinks the bees were.repelled not by the fragrance itself, but by the.abundance of beetles: The data showed that the more.beetles on a flower, the less likely a honey bee was to.visit it..That added up to less reproduction for.fragrance-enhanced flowers. Gourds that developed.from those blossoms weighed 9 percent less and had,.on average, 20 fewer seeds than those from normal.flowers. Hand pollination didn\u2019t rescue the seed set,.indicating that beetles damaged flowers directly.\u2014regardless of whether they also repelled.pollinators. (Hand pollination did rescue fruit.weight, a hard-to-interpret result that suggests that.lost bee visits did somehow harm fruit development.).The new results provide a reason that Texas gourd.plants never evolved to produce a stronger scent: \u201cIf.you really ramp up the odor, you don\u2019t get more.pollinators, but you can really get ripped apart by.your enemies,\u201d says Rob Raguso, a chemical ecologist.at Cornell University who was not involved in the.Texas gourd study.\nQuestion: The author indicates that it seems initially plausible thatTexas gourd plants could attract more pollinators if they\n A. did not have aromatic flowers.\n B. targeted insects other than bees.\n C. increased their floral scent.\n D. emitted more varied fragrant compounds.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:197"}
{"index": 191, "query": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which expectation do traditionalauthorities now face?\n A. They should be uninfluenced by commercial considerations.\n B. They should be committed to bringing about positive social change.\n C. They should be respectful of the difference between public and private knowledge.\n D. They should be transparent about their beliefs and assumptions.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which expectation do traditionalauthorities now face?\n A. They should be uninfluenced by commercial considerations.\n B. They should be committed to bringing about positive social change.\n C. They should be respectful of the difference between public and private knowledge.\n D. They should be transparent about their beliefs and assumptions.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which expectation do traditionalauthorities now face?\n A. They should be uninfluenced by commercial considerations.\n B. They should be committed to bringing about positive social change.\n C. They should be respectful of the difference between public and private knowledge.\n D. They should be transparent about their beliefs and assumptions.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which expectation do traditionalauthorities now face?\n A. They should be uninfluenced by commercial considerations.\n B. They should be committed to bringing about positive social change.\n C. They should be respectful of the difference between public and private knowledge.\n D. They should be transparent about their beliefs and assumptions.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:191"}
{"index": 105, "query": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the first paragraph?\n A. Smith explains a conventional viewpoint and presents evidence supporting it.\n B. Smith rejects a claim and elaborates on her reasons for doing so.\n C. Smith introduces her subject and provides historical background for understanding it.\n D. Smith identifies a problem and proposes steps to remedy it.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the first paragraph?\n A. Smith explains a conventional viewpoint and presents evidence supporting it.\n B. Smith rejects a claim and elaborates on her reasons for doing so.\n C. Smith introduces her subject and provides historical background for understanding it.\n D. Smith identifies a problem and proposes steps to remedy it.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the first paragraph?\n A. Smith explains a conventional viewpoint and presents evidence supporting it.\n B. Smith rejects a claim and elaborates on her reasons for doing so.\n C. Smith introduces her subject and provides historical background for understanding it.\n D. Smith identifies a problem and proposes steps to remedy it.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the first paragraph?\n A. Smith explains a conventional viewpoint and presents evidence supporting it.\n B. Smith rejects a claim and elaborates on her reasons for doing so.\n C. Smith introduces her subject and provides historical background for understanding it.\n D. Smith identifies a problem and proposes steps to remedy it.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:105"}
{"index": 12, "query": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: Woolf indicates that the procession she describes in the passage\n A. has come to have more practical influence in recent years.\n B. has become a celebrated feature of English public life.\n C. includes all of the richest and most powerful men in England.\n D. has become less exclusionary in its membership in recent years.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: Woolf indicates that the procession she describes in the passage\n A. has come to have more practical influence in recent years.\n B. has become a celebrated feature of English public life.\n C. includes all of the richest and most powerful men in England.\n D. has become less exclusionary in its membership in recent years.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: Woolf indicates that the procession she describes in the passage\n A. has come to have more practical influence in recent years.\n B. has become a celebrated feature of English public life.\n C. includes all of the richest and most powerful men in England.\n D. has become less exclusionary in its membership in recent years.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Close at hand is a bridge over the River Thames, an admirable vantage ground for us to make a survey. The river flows beneath; barges pass, laden  with timber, bursting with corn; there on one side are 5 the domes and spires of the city; on the other, Westminster and the Houses of Parliament. It is a place to stand on by the hour, dreaming. But not now. Now we are pressed for time. Now we are here to consider facts; now we must fix our eyes upon the10 procession-the procession of the sons of educated men.There they go, our brothers who have been educated at public schools and universities, mounting those steps, passing in and out of those15 doors, ascending those pulpits, preaching, teaching, administering justice, practising medicine, transacting business, making money. It is a solemn sight always - a procession, like a caravanserai crossing a desert. ... But now, for the past twenty20 years or so, it is no longer a sight merely, a photograph, or fresco scrawled upon the walls of time, at which we can look with merely an esthetic appreciation. For there, trapesing along at the tail end of the procession, we go ourselves. And that25 makes a difference. We who have looked so long at the pageant in books, or from a curtained window watched educated men leaving the house at about nine-thirty to go to an office, returning to the house at about six-thirty from an office, need look passively30 no longer. We too can leave the house, can mount those steps, pass in and out of those doors, ... make money, administer justice. ... We who now agitate these humble pens may in another century or two speak from a pulpit. Nobody will dare contradict us35 then; we shall be the mouthpieces of the divine spirit-a solemn thought, is it not? Who can say whether, as time goes on, we may not dress in military uniform, with gold lace on our breasts, swords at our sides, and something like the old40 family coal-scuttle on our heads, save that that venerable object was never decorated with plumes of white horsehair. You laugh-indeed the shadow of the private house still makes those dresses look a little queer. We have worn private clothes so 45 long. ... But we have not come here to laugh, or to talk of fashions-men's and women's. We are here, on the bridge, to ask ourselves certain questions. And they are very important questions; and we have very little time in which to answer them. The0 questions that we have to ask and to answer about that procession during this moment of transition are so important that they may well change the lives of all men and women for ever. For we have to ask ourselves, here and now, do we wish to join that55 procession, or don't we? On what terms shall we join that procession? Above all, where is it leading us, the procession of educated men? The moment is short; it may last five years; ten years, or perhaps only a matter of a few months longer. ... But, you will60 object, you have no time to think; you have your battles to fight, your rent to pay, your bazaars to organize. That excuse shall not serve you, Madam. As you know from your own experience, and there are facts that prove it, the daughters of educated men65 have always done their thinking from hand to mouth; not under green lamps at study tables in the cloisters of secluded colleges. They have thought while they stirred the pot, while they rocked the cradle. It was thus that they won us the right to our70 brand-new sixpence. It falls to us now to go on thinking; how are we to spend that sixpence? Think we must. Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations and Lord Mayor's Shows; let us think ... in the75 gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts; let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals. Let us never cease from thinking-what is this \"civilization\" in which we find ourselves? What are these ceremonies and why should we take part in80 them? What are these professions and why should we make money out of them? Where in short is it leading us, the procession of the sons of educated men?\nQuestion: Woolf indicates that the procession she describes in the passage\n A. has come to have more practical influence in recent years.\n B. has become a celebrated feature of English public life.\n C. includes all of the richest and most powerful men in England.\n D. has become less exclusionary in its membership in recent years.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:12"}
{"index": 156, "query": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that Parsons thinks positive social change will take place only when\n A. masses of people are well versed in political history.\n B. political parties become committed to reform.\n C. fewer political parties are competing for people\u2019s votes.\n D. vocal individuals compel governments to address their concerns.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that Parsons thinks positive social change will take place only when\n A. masses of people are well versed in political history.\n B. political parties become committed to reform.\n C. fewer political parties are competing for people\u2019s votes.\n D. vocal individuals compel governments to address their concerns.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that Parsons thinks positive social change will take place only when\n A. masses of people are well versed in political history.\n B. political parties become committed to reform.\n C. fewer political parties are competing for people\u2019s votes.\n D. vocal individuals compel governments to address their concerns.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that Parsons thinks positive social change will take place only when\n A. masses of people are well versed in political history.\n B. political parties become committed to reform.\n C. fewer political parties are competing for people\u2019s votes.\n D. vocal individuals compel governments to address their concerns.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:156"}
{"index": 7, "query": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Do the data in the table support the authors' proposed pairing of bases in DNA?\n A. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n B. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine.\n C. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n D. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine. 30\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Do the data in the table support the authors' proposed pairing of bases in DNA?\n A. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n B. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine.\n C. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n D. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine. 30\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Do the data in the table support the authors' proposed pairing of bases in DNA?\n A. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n B. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine.\n C. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n D. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine. 30\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Do the data in the table support the authors' proposed pairing of bases in DNA?\n A. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n B. Yes, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine.\n C. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of thymine, and the percentage of guanine is closest to the percentage of cytosine.\n D. No, because for each given organism, the percentage of adenine is closest to the percentage of guanine, and the percentage of cytosine is closest to the percentage of thymine. 30\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:7"}
{"index": 141, "query": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the state of mind that Gallaher\u2019s return inspires in Little Chandler?\n A. He is impressed by Gallaher\u2019s success even though thinking about it calls to mind his own unhappiness.\n B. He is anxious to downplay Gallaher\u2019s achievements in an attempt to make his own look better.\n C. He envies Gallaher\u2019s remarkable success and is angry about how Gallaher achieved it.\n D. He admires Gallaher\u2019s rise to fame but is thankful that he himself lives a relatively inconspicuous life.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the state of mind that Gallaher\u2019s return inspires in Little Chandler?\n A. He is impressed by Gallaher\u2019s success even though thinking about it calls to mind his own unhappiness.\n B. He is anxious to downplay Gallaher\u2019s achievements in an attempt to make his own look better.\n C. He envies Gallaher\u2019s remarkable success and is angry about how Gallaher achieved it.\n D. He admires Gallaher\u2019s rise to fame but is thankful that he himself lives a relatively inconspicuous life.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the state of mind that Gallaher\u2019s return inspires in Little Chandler?\n A. He is impressed by Gallaher\u2019s success even though thinking about it calls to mind his own unhappiness.\n B. He is anxious to downplay Gallaher\u2019s achievements in an attempt to make his own look better.\n C. He envies Gallaher\u2019s remarkable success and is angry about how Gallaher achieved it.\n D. He admires Gallaher\u2019s rise to fame but is thankful that he himself lives a relatively inconspicuous life.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the.North Wall and wished him godspeed. Gallaher had.got on. You could tell that at once by his travelled air,.his well-cut tweed suit, and fearless accent. Few.fellows had talents like his and fewer still could.remain unspoiled by such success. Gallaher\u2019s heart.was in the right place and he had deserved to win. It.was something to have a friend like that..Little Chandler\u2019s thoughts ever since lunch-time.had been of his meeting with Gallaher, of Gallaher\u2019s.invitation and of the great city of London where.Gallaher lived. He was called Little Chandler because,.though he was but slightly under the average stature,.he gave one the idea of being a little man. His hands.were white and small, his frame was fragile, his voice.was quiet and his manners were refined. He took the.greatest care of his fair silken hair and moustache and.used perfume discreetly on his handkerchief. The.half-moons of his nails were perfect and when he.smiled you caught a glimpse of a row of childish.white teeth..As he sat at his desk in the King\u2019s Inns he thought.what changes those eight years had brought. The.friend whom he had known under a shabby and.necessitous guise had become a brilliant figure on the.London Press. He turned often from his tiresome.writing to gaze out of the office window. The glow of.a late autumn sunset covered the grass plots and.walks. It cast a shower of kindly golden dust on the.untidy nurses and decrepit old men who drowsed on.the benches; it flickered upon all the moving figures.\u2014on the children who ran screaming along the gravel.paths and on everyone who passed through the.gardens. He watched the scene and thought of life;.and (as always happened when he thought of life) he.became sad. A gentle melancholy took possession of.him. He felt how useless it was to struggle against.fortune, this being the burden of wisdom which the.ages had bequeathed to him..He remembered the books of poetry upon his.shelves at home. He had bought them in his bachelor.days and many an evening, as he sat in the little room.off the hall, he had been tempted to take one down.from the bookshelf and read out something to his.wife. But shyness had always held him back; and so.the books had remained on their shelves. At times he.repeated lines to himself and this consoled him..When his hour had struck he stood up and took.leave of his desk and of his fellow-clerks.punctiliously. He emerged from under the feudal.arch of the King\u2019s Inns, a neat modest figure, and.walked swiftly down Henrietta Street. The golden.sunset was waning and the air had grown sharp. A.horde of grimy children populated the street. They.stood or ran in the roadway or crawled up the steps.before the gaping doors or squatted like mice upon.the thresholds. Little Chandler gave them no thought..He picked his way deftly through all that minute life.and under the shadow of the gaunt spectral mansions.in which the old nobility of Dublin had roystered..No memory of the past touched him, for his mind.was full of a present joy..He had never been in Corless\u2019s but he knew the.value of the name. He knew that people went there.after the theatre to eat oysters; and he had heard that.the waiters there spoke French and German..Walking swiftly by at night he had seen cabs drawn.up before the door and richly dressed ladies, escorted.by cavaliers, alight and enter quickly. They wore.noisy dresses and many wraps. Their faces were.powdered and they caught up their dresses, when.they touched earth. He had always passed without.turning his head to look. It was his habit to walk.swiftly in the street even by day and whenever he.found himself in the city late at night he hurried on.his way apprehensively and excitedly. Sometimes,.however, he courted the causes of his fear. He chose.the darkest and narrowest streets and, as he walked.boldly forward, the silence that was spread about his.footsteps troubled him, the wandering, silent figures.troubled him; and at times a sound of low fugitive.laughter made him tremble like a leaf..He turned to the right towards Capel Street..Ignatius Gallaher on the London Press! Who would.have thought it possible eight years before? Still, now.that he reviewed the past, Little Chandler could.remember many signs of future greatness in his.friend.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the state of mind that Gallaher\u2019s return inspires in Little Chandler?\n A. He is impressed by Gallaher\u2019s success even though thinking about it calls to mind his own unhappiness.\n B. He is anxious to downplay Gallaher\u2019s achievements in an attempt to make his own look better.\n C. He envies Gallaher\u2019s remarkable success and is angry about how Gallaher achieved it.\n D. He admires Gallaher\u2019s rise to fame but is thankful that he himself lives a relatively inconspicuous life.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:141"}
{"index": 130, "query": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: According to Calma, the government\u2019s failure tolink its expenditures on indigenous health initiativesto specific health outcomes is harmful because it\n A. reinforces negative attitudes about the government\u2019s financial fitness.\n B. undermines efforts to standardize practices across all departments of the government.\n C. perpetuates the pattern of government officials abusing their authority.\n D. allows the government to evade the obligation to be answerable for its policies.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: According to Calma, the government\u2019s failure tolink its expenditures on indigenous health initiativesto specific health outcomes is harmful because it\n A. reinforces negative attitudes about the government\u2019s financial fitness.\n B. undermines efforts to standardize practices across all departments of the government.\n C. perpetuates the pattern of government officials abusing their authority.\n D. allows the government to evade the obligation to be answerable for its policies.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: According to Calma, the government\u2019s failure tolink its expenditures on indigenous health initiativesto specific health outcomes is harmful because it\n A. reinforces negative attitudes about the government\u2019s financial fitness.\n B. undermines efforts to standardize practices across all departments of the government.\n C. perpetuates the pattern of government officials abusing their authority.\n D. allows the government to evade the obligation to be answerable for its policies.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: According to Calma, the government\u2019s failure tolink its expenditures on indigenous health initiativesto specific health outcomes is harmful because it\n A. reinforces negative attitudes about the government\u2019s financial fitness.\n B. undermines efforts to standardize practices across all departments of the government.\n C. perpetuates the pattern of government officials abusing their authority.\n D. allows the government to evade the obligation to be answerable for its policies.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:130"}
{"index": 17, "query": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: The narrator of the passage can best be described as\n A. one of Miss Spivey's former students.\n B. Miss Spivey's predecessor.\n C. an anonymous member of the community.\n D. Miss Spivey herself. 2\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: The narrator of the passage can best be described as\n A. one of Miss Spivey's former students.\n B. Miss Spivey's predecessor.\n C. an anonymous member of the community.\n D. Miss Spivey herself. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: The narrator of the passage can best be described as\n A. one of Miss Spivey's former students.\n B. Miss Spivey's predecessor.\n C. an anonymous member of the community.\n D. Miss Spivey herself. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: The narrator of the passage can best be described as\n A. one of Miss Spivey's former students.\n B. Miss Spivey's predecessor.\n C. an anonymous member of the community.\n D. Miss Spivey herself. 2\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:17"}
{"index": 49, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: Which best describes the overall relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 strongly challenges the point of view in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 draws alternative conclusions from the evidence presented in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 elaborates on the proposal presented in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 restates in different terms the argument presented in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: Which best describes the overall relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 strongly challenges the point of view in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 draws alternative conclusions from the evidence presented in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 elaborates on the proposal presented in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 restates in different terms the argument presented in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: Which best describes the overall relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 strongly challenges the point of view in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 draws alternative conclusions from the evidence presented in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 elaborates on the proposal presented in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 restates in different terms the argument presented in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: Which best describes the overall relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 strongly challenges the point of view in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 draws alternative conclusions from the evidence presented in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 elaborates on the proposal presented in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 restates in different terms the argument presented in Passage 1.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:49"}
{"index": 48, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: In Passage 2, the author claims that freedoms granted by society's leaders have\n A. privileged one gender over the other.\n B. resulted in a general reduction in individual virtue.\n C. caused arguments about the nature of happiness.\n D. ensured equality for all people.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: In Passage 2, the author claims that freedoms granted by society's leaders have\n A. privileged one gender over the other.\n B. resulted in a general reduction in individual virtue.\n C. caused arguments about the nature of happiness.\n D. ensured equality for all people.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: In Passage 2, the author claims that freedoms granted by society's leaders have\n A. privileged one gender over the other.\n B. resulted in a general reduction in individual virtue.\n C. caused arguments about the nature of happiness.\n D. ensured equality for all people.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: In Passage 2, the author claims that freedoms granted by society's leaders have\n A. privileged one gender over the other.\n B. resulted in a general reduction in individual virtue.\n C. caused arguments about the nature of happiness.\n D. ensured equality for all people.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:48"}
{"index": 6, "query": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Based on the table and passage, which choice gives the correct percentages of the purines in yeast DNA?\n A. $17.1 \\%$ and $18.7 \\%$\n B. $17.1 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\n C. $18.7 \\%$ and $31.3 \\%$\n D. $31.3 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Based on the table and passage, which choice gives the correct percentages of the purines in yeast DNA?\n A. $17.1 \\%$ and $18.7 \\%$\n B. $17.1 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\n C. $18.7 \\%$ and $31.3 \\%$\n D. $31.3 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Based on the table and passage, which choice gives the correct percentages of the purines in yeast DNA?\n A. $17.1 \\%$ and $18.7 \\%$\n B. $17.1 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\n C. $18.7 \\%$ and $31.3 \\%$\n D. $31.3 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: Based on the table and passage, which choice gives the correct percentages of the purines in yeast DNA?\n A. $17.1 \\%$ and $18.7 \\%$\n B. $17.1 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\n C. $18.7 \\%$ and $31.3 \\%$\n D. $31.3 \\%$ and $32.9 \\%$\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:6"}
{"index": 58, "query": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: The main purpose of the first paragraph is to\n A. introduce the passage's main character by showing his nightly habits.\n B. indicate the date the passage takes place by presenting period details.\n C. convey the passage's setting by describing a place and an object.\n D. foreshadow an event that is described in detail later in the passage.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: The main purpose of the first paragraph is to\n A. introduce the passage's main character by showing his nightly habits.\n B. indicate the date the passage takes place by presenting period details.\n C. convey the passage's setting by describing a place and an object.\n D. foreshadow an event that is described in detail later in the passage.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: The main purpose of the first paragraph is to\n A. introduce the passage's main character by showing his nightly habits.\n B. indicate the date the passage takes place by presenting period details.\n C. convey the passage's setting by describing a place and an object.\n D. foreshadow an event that is described in detail later in the passage.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Alcazar Restaurant was on Sheridan Road near Devon Avenue. It was long and narrow, with tables for two along the walls and tables for four  down the middle. The decoration was art moderne,except for the series of murals depicting the four seasons, and the sick ferns in the front window. Lymie sat down at the second table from the cash register, and ordered his dinner. The history book, which he propped against the catsup and the glass 10 sugar bowl, had been used by others before him. Blank pages front and back were filled in with maps, drawings, dates, comic cartoons, and organs of the body; also with names and messages no longer clear and never absolutely legible. On nearly every other15 page there was some marginal notation, either in ink or in very hard pencil. And unless someone had upset a glass of water, the marks on page 177 were from tears.While Lymie read about the Peace of Paris, signed 20 on the thirtieth of May, 1814, between France and the Allied powers, his right hand managed again and again to bring food up to his mouth. Sometimes he chewed, sometimes he swallowed whole the food that he had no idea he was eating. The Congress of25 Vienna met, with some allowance for delays, early in November of the same year, and all the powers engaged in the war on either side sent plenipotentiaries. It was by far the most splendid and important assembly ever convoked to discuss and 30 determine the affairs of Europe. The Emperor of Russia, the King of Prussia, the Kings of Bavaria, Denmark, and Wurttemberg, all were present in person at the court of the Emperor Francis I in the Austrian capital. When Lymie put down his fork and 35 began to count them off, one by one, on the fingers of his left hand, the waitress, whose name was Irma, thought he was through eating and tried to take his plate away. He stopped her. Prince Metternich (his right thumb) presided over the Congress, and40 Prince Talleyrand (the index finger) represented France.A party of four, two men and two women, came into the restaurant, all talking at once, and took possession of the center table nearest Lymie.45 The women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which exposed the underside of their knees when they sat down. One of the women had the face of a young boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge, lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against 50 the high forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact she was. The men were older. They laughed more than there seemed any occasion for, while they were deciding between soup and shrimp 55 cocktail, and their laughter was too loud. But it was the women's voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the women's voices which caused Lymie to skim over two whole pages without knowing what was on them. Fortunately he realized this and went back. 60 Otherwise he might never have known about the secret treaty concluded between England, France, and Austria, when the pretensions of Prussia and Russia, acting in concert, seemed to threaten a renewal of the attack. The results of the Congress65 were stated clearly at the bottom of page 67 and at the top of page 68 , but before Lymie got halfway through them, a coat that he recognized as his father's was hung on the hook next to his chair. Lymie closed the book and said, \"I didn't think you 70 were coming.\"Time is probably no more unkind to sporting characters than it is to other people, but physical decay unsustained by respectability is somehow more noticeable. Mr. Peters' hair was turning gray and his75 scalp showed through on top. He had lost weight also; he no longer filled out his clothes the way he used to. His color was poor, and the flower had disappeared from his buttonhole. In its place was an American Legion button.80 Apparently he himself was not aware that there had been any change. He straightened his tie self-consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he gestured with it so that the two women at the next table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth85 finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and also the fact that his hands showed signs of the manicurist, one can blame on the young man who had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of 90 the moon. The young man had never for one second deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at Mr. Peters' elbow, making him do things that were not becoming in a man of forty-five.\nQuestion: The main purpose of the first paragraph is to\n A. introduce the passage's main character by showing his nightly habits.\n B. indicate the date the passage takes place by presenting period details.\n C. convey the passage's setting by describing a place and an object.\n D. foreshadow an event that is described in detail later in the passage.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:58"}
{"index": 163, "query": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the researchers\u2019 conclusion that the woodpecker finches who used the novel levering technique were displaying individual learning is supported in part by the fact that\n A. no genetic variations were common to all those finches that were not also common to all the finches that did not use that technique.\n B. those finches tended to stop using the technique after the researchers altered the artificial crevices to reduce the effectiveness of the technique.\n C. the portion of that technique that deviates from typical tool-using behavior takes place inside a crevice and is therefore difficult for other finches to observe and acquire socially.\n D. there is probably not a naturally occurring circumstance that would have favored the development of that technique and its prior transmission to those finches.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the researchers\u2019 conclusion that the woodpecker finches who used the novel levering technique were displaying individual learning is supported in part by the fact that\n A. no genetic variations were common to all those finches that were not also common to all the finches that did not use that technique.\n B. those finches tended to stop using the technique after the researchers altered the artificial crevices to reduce the effectiveness of the technique.\n C. the portion of that technique that deviates from typical tool-using behavior takes place inside a crevice and is therefore difficult for other finches to observe and acquire socially.\n D. there is probably not a naturally occurring circumstance that would have favored the development of that technique and its prior transmission to those finches.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the researchers\u2019 conclusion that the woodpecker finches who used the novel levering technique were displaying individual learning is supported in part by the fact that\n A. no genetic variations were common to all those finches that were not also common to all the finches that did not use that technique.\n B. those finches tended to stop using the technique after the researchers altered the artificial crevices to reduce the effectiveness of the technique.\n C. the portion of that technique that deviates from typical tool-using behavior takes place inside a crevice and is therefore difficult for other finches to observe and acquire socially.\n D. there is probably not a naturally occurring circumstance that would have favored the development of that technique and its prior transmission to those finches.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, the researchers\u2019 conclusion that the woodpecker finches who used the novel levering technique were displaying individual learning is supported in part by the fact that\n A. no genetic variations were common to all those finches that were not also common to all the finches that did not use that technique.\n B. those finches tended to stop using the technique after the researchers altered the artificial crevices to reduce the effectiveness of the technique.\n C. the portion of that technique that deviates from typical tool-using behavior takes place inside a crevice and is therefore difficult for other finches to observe and acquire socially.\n D. there is probably not a naturally occurring circumstance that would have favored the development of that technique and its prior transmission to those finches.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:163"}
{"index": 101, "query": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: Throughout the passage, the narrator is portrayed as someone who is\n A. reserved around unfamiliar people.\n B. attuned to her immediate surroundings.\n C. sympathetic to the needs of others.\n D. anxious about her responsibilities.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: Throughout the passage, the narrator is portrayed as someone who is\n A. reserved around unfamiliar people.\n B. attuned to her immediate surroundings.\n C. sympathetic to the needs of others.\n D. anxious about her responsibilities.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: Throughout the passage, the narrator is portrayed as someone who is\n A. reserved around unfamiliar people.\n B. attuned to her immediate surroundings.\n C. sympathetic to the needs of others.\n D. anxious about her responsibilities.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At last, Old Widow Lau was done haggling with the driver and we stepped inside Father's shop. It was north-facing, quite dim inside, and perhaps this was  why Father did not see us at first. He was busy with a 5 customer, a man who was distinguished-looking, like the scholars of two decades before. The two men were bent over a glass case, discussing the different qualities of inksticks. Big Uncle welcomed us and invited us to be seated. From his formal tone, I knew10 he did not recognize who we were. So I called his name in a shy voice. And he squinted at me, then laughed and announced our arrival to Little Uncle, who apologized many times for not rushing over sooner to greet us. They rushed us to be seated at one15 of two tea tables for customers. Old Widow Lau refused their invitation three times, exclaiming that my father and uncles must be too busy for visitors. She made weak efforts to leave. On the fourth insistence, we finally sat. Then Little Uncle brought20 us hot tea and sweet oranges, as well as bamboo latticework fans with which to cool ourselves.I tried to notice everything so I could later tell GaoLing what I had seen, and tease out her envy. The floors of the shop were of dark wood, polished and 25 clean, no dirty footprints, even though this was during the dustiest part of the summer. And along the walls were display cases made of wood and glass. The glass was very shiny and not one pane was broken. Within those glass cases were our silk-30 wrapped boxes, all our hard work. They looked so much nicer than they had in the ink-making studio at Immortal Heart village.I saw that Father had opened several of the boxes. He set sticks and cakes and other shapes on a silk 35 cloth covering a glass case that served as a table on which he and the customer leaned. First he pointed to a stick with a top shaped like a fairy boat and said with graceful importance, \"Your writing will flow as smoothly as a keel cutting through a glassy lake.\"40 He picked up a bird shape: \"Your mind will soar into the clouds of higher thought.\" He waved toward a row of ink cakes embellished with designs of peonies and bamboo: \"Your ledgers will blossom into abundance while bamboo surrounds your quiet 45 mind.\"As he said this, Precious Auntie came back into mind. I was remembering how she taught me that everything, even ink, had a purpose and a meaning: Good ink cannot be the quick kind, ready to pour out 50 of a bottle. You can never be an artist if your work comes without effort. That is the problem of modern ink from a bottle. You do not have to think. You simply write what is swimming on the top of your brain. And the top is nothing but pond scum, dead 55 leaves, and mosquito spawn. But when you push an inkstick along an inkstone, you take the first step to cleansing your mind and your heart. You push and you ask yourself, What are my intentions? What is in my heart that matches my mind? 60 I remembered this, and yet that day in the ink shop, I listened to what Father was saying, and his words became far more important than anything Precious Auntie had thought. \"Look here,\" Father said to his customer, and I looked. He held up an65 inkstick and rotated it in the light. \"See? It's the right hue, purple-black, not brown or gray like the cheap brands you might find down the street. And listen to this.\" And I heard a sound as clean and pure as a small silver bell. \"The high-pitched tone tells you that 70 the soot is very fine, as smooth as the sliding banks of old rivers. And the scent-can you smell the balance of strength and delicacy, the musical notes of the ink's perfume? Expensive, and everyone who sees you using it will know that it was well worth the high 75 price.\"I was very proud to hear Father speak of our family's ink this way.\nQuestion: Throughout the passage, the narrator is portrayed as someone who is\n A. reserved around unfamiliar people.\n B. attuned to her immediate surroundings.\n C. sympathetic to the needs of others.\n D. anxious about her responsibilities.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 117, "query": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Tiffany looks forward tothe upcoming World\u2019s Columbian Exposition inChicago as an opportunity to\n A. gain greater popular recognition.\n B. sell many decorative objects.\n C. collaborate with other famous artists.\n D. showcase pieces that have earned critical acclaim.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Tiffany looks forward tothe upcoming World\u2019s Columbian Exposition inChicago as an opportunity to\n A. gain greater popular recognition.\n B. sell many decorative objects.\n C. collaborate with other famous artists.\n D. showcase pieces that have earned critical acclaim.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Tiffany looks forward tothe upcoming World\u2019s Columbian Exposition inChicago as an opportunity to\n A. gain greater popular recognition.\n B. sell many decorative objects.\n C. collaborate with other famous artists.\n D. showcase pieces that have earned critical acclaim.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: According to the passage, Tiffany looks forward tothe upcoming World\u2019s Columbian Exposition inChicago as an opportunity to\n A. gain greater popular recognition.\n B. sell many decorative objects.\n C. collaborate with other famous artists.\n D. showcase pieces that have earned critical acclaim.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:117"}
{"index": 90, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: Which choice identifies a central tension between the two passages?\n A. Douglas proposes changes to federal policies on slavery, but Lincoln argues that such changes would enjoy no popular support.\n B. Douglas expresses concerns about the economic impact of abolition, but Lincoln dismisses those concerns as irrelevant.\n C. Douglas criticizes Lincoln for finding fault with the Constitution, and Lincoln argues that this criticism misrepresents his position.\n D. Douglas offers an interpretation of federal law that conflicts with Lincoln's, and Lincoln implies that Douglas's interpretation is poorly reasoned. 40\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: Which choice identifies a central tension between the two passages?\n A. Douglas proposes changes to federal policies on slavery, but Lincoln argues that such changes would enjoy no popular support.\n B. Douglas expresses concerns about the economic impact of abolition, but Lincoln dismisses those concerns as irrelevant.\n C. Douglas criticizes Lincoln for finding fault with the Constitution, and Lincoln argues that this criticism misrepresents his position.\n D. Douglas offers an interpretation of federal law that conflicts with Lincoln's, and Lincoln implies that Douglas's interpretation is poorly reasoned. 40\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: Which choice identifies a central tension between the two passages?\n A. Douglas proposes changes to federal policies on slavery, but Lincoln argues that such changes would enjoy no popular support.\n B. Douglas expresses concerns about the economic impact of abolition, but Lincoln dismisses those concerns as irrelevant.\n C. Douglas criticizes Lincoln for finding fault with the Constitution, and Lincoln argues that this criticism misrepresents his position.\n D. Douglas offers an interpretation of federal law that conflicts with Lincoln's, and Lincoln implies that Douglas's interpretation is poorly reasoned. 40\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: Which choice identifies a central tension between the two passages?\n A. Douglas proposes changes to federal policies on slavery, but Lincoln argues that such changes would enjoy no popular support.\n B. Douglas expresses concerns about the economic impact of abolition, but Lincoln dismisses those concerns as irrelevant.\n C. Douglas criticizes Lincoln for finding fault with the Constitution, and Lincoln argues that this criticism misrepresents his position.\n D. Douglas offers an interpretation of federal law that conflicts with Lincoln's, and Lincoln implies that Douglas's interpretation is poorly reasoned. 40\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 133, "query": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, Calma regards the audience ofhis speech as being\n A. skeptical that the specific individuals responsible for the government\u2019s failed policies on indigenous issues will be held accountable.\n B. poorly informed about the economic and social conditions found in most indigenous communities.\n C. doubtful of the value of discussing indigenous issues within the larger context of human rights.\n D. overly tolerant of the fact that government initiatives to address the inequality faced by indigenous peoples have not succeeded\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, Calma regards the audience ofhis speech as being\n A. skeptical that the specific individuals responsible for the government\u2019s failed policies on indigenous issues will be held accountable.\n B. poorly informed about the economic and social conditions found in most indigenous communities.\n C. doubtful of the value of discussing indigenous issues within the larger context of human rights.\n D. overly tolerant of the fact that government initiatives to address the inequality faced by indigenous peoples have not succeeded\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, Calma regards the audience ofhis speech as being\n A. skeptical that the specific individuals responsible for the government\u2019s failed policies on indigenous issues will be held accountable.\n B. poorly informed about the economic and social conditions found in most indigenous communities.\n C. doubtful of the value of discussing indigenous issues within the larger context of human rights.\n D. overly tolerant of the fact that government initiatives to address the inequality faced by indigenous peoples have not succeeded\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For too long now, we have heard it argued that a focus.on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 rights.takes away from a focus on addressing Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples\u2019 disadvantage..This approach is, in my view, seriously flawed for a.number of reasons. It represents a false dichotomy\u2014as if.poorer standards of health, lack of access to housing,.lower attainment in education and higher unemployment.are not human rights issues or somehow they don\u2019t relate.to the cultural circumstances of Indigenous peoples..And it also makes it too easy to disguise any causal.relationship between the actions of government and any.outcomes, and therefore limits the accountability and.responsibilities of government..In contrast, human rights give Aboriginal and Torres.Strait Islander peoples a means for expressing their.legitimate claims to equal goods, services, and most.importantly, the protections of the law\u2014and a standard.that government is required to measure up to..The focus on \u2018practical measures\u2019 was exemplified by.the emphasis the previous federal government placed on.the \u2018record levels of expenditure\u2019 annually on Indigenous.issues..As I have previously asked, since when did the size of.the input become more important than the intended.outcomes? The... government never explained what the.point of the record expenditure argument was\u2014or what.achievements were made.....And the fact is that there has been no simple way of.being able to decide whether the progress made through.\u2018record expenditure\u2019 has been \u2018good enough\u2019. So the.\u2018practical\u2019 approach to these issues has lacked any.accountability whatsoever.....If we look back over the past five years in particular....we can also see that a \u2018practical\u2019 approach to issues has.allowed governments to devise a whole series of policies.and programs without engaging with Indigenous peoples.in any serious manner. I have previously described this as.the \u2018fundamental flaw\u2019 of the federal government\u2019s efforts.over the past five years. That is, government policy that is.applied to Indigenous peoples as passive recipients..Our challenge now is to redefine and understand these.issues as human rights issues..We face a major challenge in \u2018skilling up\u2019 government.and the bureaucracy so that they are capable of utilising.human rights as a tool for best practice policy.development and as an accountability mechanism..... In March this year, the Prime Minister, the Leader.of the Opposition, Ministers for Health and Indigenous.Affairs, every major Indigenous and non-Indigenous.peak health body and others signed a Statement of Intent.to close the gap in health inequality which set out how.this commitment would be met. It commits all of these.organisations and government, among other things, to:.- develop a long-term plan of action, that is targeted.to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing.the existing inequities in health services, in order to.achieve equality of health status and life expectancy.between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples and non-Indigenous Australians by 2030..- ensure the full participation of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples and their.representative bodies in all aspects of addressing.their health needs..- work collectively to systematically address the social.determinants that impact on achieving health.equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.peoples..- respect and promote the rights of Aboriginal and.Torres Strait Islander peoples, and.- measure, monitor, and report on our joint efforts,.in accordance with benchmarks and targets, to.ensure that we are progressively realising our.shared ambitions..These commitments were made in relation to.Indigenous health issues but they form a template for the.type of approach that is needed across all areas of.poverty, marginalisation and disadvantage experienced.by Indigenous peoples..They provide the basis for the cultural shift necessary.in how we conceptualise human rights in this country..Issues of entrenched and ongoing poverty and.marginalisation of Indigenous peoples are human rights.challenges. And we need to lift our expectations of what.needs to be done to address these issues and of what.constitutes sufficient progress to address these issues in.the shortest possible timeframe so that we can realise a.vision of an equal society.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, Calma regards the audience ofhis speech as being\n A. skeptical that the specific individuals responsible for the government\u2019s failed policies on indigenous issues will be held accountable.\n B. poorly informed about the economic and social conditions found in most indigenous communities.\n C. doubtful of the value of discussing indigenous issues within the larger context of human rights.\n D. overly tolerant of the fact that government initiatives to address the inequality faced by indigenous peoples have not succeeded\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:133"}
{"index": 182, "query": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 2, Meltzer and his team relied on what evidence to challenge the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis?\n A. A reevaluation of the dates assigned to sites thought to display signs of the proposed impact\n B. The discovery of additional Clovis artifacts in a host of sites besides the 29 initially identified\n C. Analyses showing that nanodiamonds can occur in geologic formations lacking indications of extraterrestrial impacts\n D. High concentrations of iridium that have been found in sedimentary layers beneath the proposed impact layer\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 2, Meltzer and his team relied on what evidence to challenge the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis?\n A. A reevaluation of the dates assigned to sites thought to display signs of the proposed impact\n B. The discovery of additional Clovis artifacts in a host of sites besides the 29 initially identified\n C. Analyses showing that nanodiamonds can occur in geologic formations lacking indications of extraterrestrial impacts\n D. High concentrations of iridium that have been found in sedimentary layers beneath the proposed impact layer\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 2, Meltzer and his team relied on what evidence to challenge the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis?\n A. A reevaluation of the dates assigned to sites thought to display signs of the proposed impact\n B. The discovery of additional Clovis artifacts in a host of sites besides the 29 initially identified\n C. Analyses showing that nanodiamonds can occur in geologic formations lacking indications of extraterrestrial impacts\n D. High concentrations of iridium that have been found in sedimentary layers beneath the proposed impact layer\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 2, Meltzer and his team relied on what evidence to challenge the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis?\n A. A reevaluation of the dates assigned to sites thought to display signs of the proposed impact\n B. The discovery of additional Clovis artifacts in a host of sites besides the 29 initially identified\n C. Analyses showing that nanodiamonds can occur in geologic formations lacking indications of extraterrestrial impacts\n D. High concentrations of iridium that have been found in sedimentary layers beneath the proposed impact layer\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:182"}
{"index": 152, "query": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the conclusions in the first paragraph of Passage 1 by asserting that such claims\n A. only apply to certain subspecies of tigers and are therefore inconclusive.\n B. will offer incentive for countries and regions to invest further in wildlife preservation programs.\n C. prove that rigorous efforts to protect endangered species result in quick recovery of populations.\n D. may lead people to believe that tigers are recovering when in fact they continue to require vigilant protection.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the conclusions in the first paragraph of Passage 1 by asserting that such claims\n A. only apply to certain subspecies of tigers and are therefore inconclusive.\n B. will offer incentive for countries and regions to invest further in wildlife preservation programs.\n C. prove that rigorous efforts to protect endangered species result in quick recovery of populations.\n D. may lead people to believe that tigers are recovering when in fact they continue to require vigilant protection.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the conclusions in the first paragraph of Passage 1 by asserting that such claims\n A. only apply to certain subspecies of tigers and are therefore inconclusive.\n B. will offer incentive for countries and regions to invest further in wildlife preservation programs.\n C. prove that rigorous efforts to protect endangered species result in quick recovery of populations.\n D. may lead people to believe that tigers are recovering when in fact they continue to require vigilant protection.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the conclusions in the first paragraph of Passage 1 by asserting that such claims\n A. only apply to certain subspecies of tigers and are therefore inconclusive.\n B. will offer incentive for countries and regions to invest further in wildlife preservation programs.\n C. prove that rigorous efforts to protect endangered species result in quick recovery of populations.\n D. may lead people to believe that tigers are recovering when in fact they continue to require vigilant protection.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:152"}
{"index": 28, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beveridge asserts that the resources and immensity of the United States constitute a\n A. safeguard against foreign invasion.\n B. replication of conditions in Europe.\n C. divine gift to the American people.\n D. source of envy for people in other countries.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beveridge asserts that the resources and immensity of the United States constitute a\n A. safeguard against foreign invasion.\n B. replication of conditions in Europe.\n C. divine gift to the American people.\n D. source of envy for people in other countries.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beveridge asserts that the resources and immensity of the United States constitute a\n A. safeguard against foreign invasion.\n B. replication of conditions in Europe.\n C. divine gift to the American people.\n D. source of envy for people in other countries.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beveridge asserts that the resources and immensity of the United States constitute a\n A. safeguard against foreign invasion.\n B. replication of conditions in Europe.\n C. divine gift to the American people.\n D. source of envy for people in other countries.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:28"}
{"index": 139, "query": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: Taken together, the passage and the table moststrongly suggest that the model proposed by someastronomers would imply which conclusion abouttype C asteroids?\n A. They come from type S asteroids that melted.\n B. They once comprised a smaller portion of the asteroid belt than type V asteroids did.\n C. They have experienced fewer collisions than have type L asteroids.\n D. They are younger than are type M asteroids.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: Taken together, the passage and the table moststrongly suggest that the model proposed by someastronomers would imply which conclusion abouttype C asteroids?\n A. They come from type S asteroids that melted.\n B. They once comprised a smaller portion of the asteroid belt than type V asteroids did.\n C. They have experienced fewer collisions than have type L asteroids.\n D. They are younger than are type M asteroids.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: Taken together, the passage and the table moststrongly suggest that the model proposed by someastronomers would imply which conclusion abouttype C asteroids?\n A. They come from type S asteroids that melted.\n B. They once comprised a smaller portion of the asteroid belt than type V asteroids did.\n C. They have experienced fewer collisions than have type L asteroids.\n D. They are younger than are type M asteroids.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: Taken together, the passage and the table moststrongly suggest that the model proposed by someastronomers would imply which conclusion abouttype C asteroids?\n A. They come from type S asteroids that melted.\n B. They once comprised a smaller portion of the asteroid belt than type V asteroids did.\n C. They have experienced fewer collisions than have type L asteroids.\n D. They are younger than are type M asteroids.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 50, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: The authors of both passages would most likely agree with which of the following statements about women in the eighteenth century?\n A. Their natural preferences were the same as those of men.\n B. They needed a good education to be successful in society.\n C. They were just as happy in life as men were.\n D. They generally enjoyed fewer rights than men did.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: The authors of both passages would most likely agree with which of the following statements about women in the eighteenth century?\n A. Their natural preferences were the same as those of men.\n B. They needed a good education to be successful in society.\n C. They were just as happy in life as men were.\n D. They generally enjoyed fewer rights than men did.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: The authors of both passages would most likely agree with which of the following statements about women in the eighteenth century?\n A. Their natural preferences were the same as those of men.\n B. They needed a good education to be successful in society.\n C. They were just as happy in life as men were.\n D. They generally enjoyed fewer rights than men did.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}That half the human race is excluded by the other half from any participation in government; that they are native by birth but foreign by law in the very land  where they were born; and that they areproperty-owners yet have no direct influence or representation: are all political phenomena apparently impossible to explain on abstract principle. But on another level of ideas, the question changes and may be easily resolved. The purpose ofall these institutions must be the happiness of the greatest number. Everything that leads us farther from this purpose is in error; everything that brings us closer is truth. If the exclusion from public employments decreed against women leads to a 15 greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes, then this becomes a law that all Societies have been compelled to acknowledge and sanction.Any other ambition would be a reversal of our primary destinies; and it will never be in women's20 interest to change the assignment they have received.It seems to us incontestable that our common happiness, above all that of women, requires that they never aspire to the exercise of political rights and functions. Here we must seek their interests in25 the wishes of nature. Is it not apparent, that their delicate constitutions, their peaceful inclinations, and the many duties of motherhood, set them apart from strenuous habits and onerous duties, and summon them to gentle occupations and the cares of the30 home? And is it not evident that the great conserving principle of Societies, which makes the division of powers a source of harmony, has been expressed and revealed by nature itself, when it divided the functions of the two sexes in so obviously distinct a35 manner? This is sufficient; we need not invoke principles that are inapplicable to the question. Let us not make rivals of life's companions. You must, you truly must allow the persistence of a union that no interest, no rivalry, can possibly undo. Understand 40 that the good of all demands this of you.\\section{Passage 2}Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man, she will stop the progress of45 knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she know why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her50 reason till she comprehend her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an55 orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations....Consider, sir, dispassionately, these60 observations-for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, \"that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it65 was impossible to explain.\" If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this70 country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman-prescription.Consider-I address you as a legislatorwhether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their75 own happiness, it be not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift 80 of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurp its throne only to be 85 useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women, by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families groping in the dark?\nQuestion: The authors of both passages would most likely agree with which of the following statements about women in the eighteenth century?\n A. Their natural preferences were the same as those of men.\n B. They needed a good education to be successful in society.\n C. They were just as happy in life as men were.\n D. They generally enjoyed fewer rights than men did.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 53, "query": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: An unstated assumption made by the authors about clover is that the plants\n A. do not produce pyrethrums.\n B. are members of the Chrysanthemum genus.\n C. are usually located near wild-type honeybee colonies.\n D. will not be a good food source for honeybees in the control colonies.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: An unstated assumption made by the authors about clover is that the plants\n A. do not produce pyrethrums.\n B. are members of the Chrysanthemum genus.\n C. are usually located near wild-type honeybee colonies.\n D. will not be a good food source for honeybees in the control colonies.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: An unstated assumption made by the authors about clover is that the plants\n A. do not produce pyrethrums.\n B. are members of the Chrysanthemum genus.\n C. are usually located near wild-type honeybee colonies.\n D. will not be a good food source for honeybees in the control colonies.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Honey bees are hosts to the pathogenic large ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Varroa mites). These mites feed on bee hemolymph (blood) and can  kill bees directly or by increasing their susceptibilityto secondary infection with fungi, bacteria or viruses. Little is known about the natural defenses that keep the mite infections under control.Pyrethrums are a group of flowering plants which include Chrysanthemum coccineum, Chrysanthemumcinerariifolium, Chrysanthemum marschalli, and related species. These plants produce potent insecticides with anti-mite activity. The naturally occurring insecticides are known as pyrethrums. A synonym for the naturally occurring pyrethrums is 15 pyrethrin and synthetic analogues of pyrethrums are known as pyrethroids. In fact, the human mite infestation known as scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) is treated with a topical pyrethrum cream.We suspect that the bees of commercial bee 20 colonies which are fed mono-crops are nutritionally deficient. In particular, we postulate that the problem is a diet deficient in anti-mite toxins: pyrethrums, and possibly other nutrients which are inherent in such plants. Without, at least, intermittent feeding on25 the pyrethrum producing plants, bee colonies are susceptible to mite infestations which can become fatal either directly or due to a secondary infection of immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees. This secondary infection can be viral, bacterial or 30 fungal and may be due to one or more pathogens. In addition, immunocompromised or nutritionally deficient bees may be further weakened when commercially produced insecticides are introduced into their hives by bee keepers in an effort to fight35 mite infestation. We further postulate that the proper dosage necessary to prevent mite infestation may be better left to the bees, who may seek out or avoid pyrethrum containing plants depending on the amount necessary to defend against mites and the40 amount already consumed by the bees, which in higher doses could be potentially toxic to them. This hypothesis can best be tested by a trial wherein a small number of commercial honey bee colonies are offered a number of pyrethrum45 producing plants, as well as a typical bee food source such as clover, while controls are offered only the clover. Mites could then be introduced to each hive with note made as to the choice of the bees, and the effects of the mite parasites on the experimental50 colonies versus control colonies.It might be beneficial to test wild-type honey bee colonies in this manner as well, in case there could be some genetic difference between them that affects the bees' preferences for pyrethrum producing flowers.Pathogen Occurrence in Honey Bee Colonies With and Without Colony Collapse Disorder\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}\\hline& \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percent of colonies affected by } \\\\\\text { pathogen }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\hlinePathogen & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies with } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Colonies without } \\\\ \\text { colony collapse } \\\\ \\text { disorder (\\%) }\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hlineViruses & 83 & 5 \\\\IAPV & 100 & 76 \\\\KBV & 90 & 48 \\\\\\hlineFungi & 100 & 81 \\\\Nosema apis & 77 & 0 \\\\Nosema ceranae & All four pathogens &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Diana L. Cox-Foster et al., \"A Metagenomic Survey of Microbes in Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder.\" @2007 by American Association for the Advancement of Science.The table above shows, for colonies with colony collapse disorder and for colonies without colony collapse disorder, the percent of colonies having honey bees infected by each of four pathogens and by all four pathogens together\nQuestion: An unstated assumption made by the authors about clover is that the plants\n A. do not produce pyrethrums.\n B. are members of the Chrysanthemum genus.\n C. are usually located near wild-type honeybee colonies.\n D. will not be a good food source for honeybees in the control colonies.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:53"}
{"index": 31, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a central difference between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States?\n A. Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe.\n B. Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion.\n C. Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country's beginnings.\n D. Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a central difference between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States?\n A. Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe.\n B. Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion.\n C. Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country's beginnings.\n D. Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a central difference between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States?\n A. Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe.\n B. Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion.\n C. Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country's beginnings.\n D. Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a central difference between how Beveridge (Passage 1) and Bryan (Passage 2) view the concept of liberty as it is realized in the United States?\n A. Beveridge presents it as the direct inheritance of European colonization, whereas Bryan presents it as a sharp break from earlier governments in Europe.\n B. Beveridge considers it so exemplary as to justify conquest of other regions, whereas Bryan warns that its exemplary quality would be undermined by imperial expansion.\n C. Beveridge argues that it arose organically as the United States matured, whereas Bryan argues that it was present from the country's beginnings.\n D. Beveridge regards it as a model that should be shared with other countries, whereas Bryan believes that it is unique to the United States and could not work elsewhere.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:31"}
{"index": 62, "query": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beecher implies that women's effect on public life is largely\n A. overlooked, because few men are interested in women's thoughts about politics.\n B. indirect, because women exert their influence within the home and family life.\n C. unnecessary, because men are able to govern society themselves.\n D. symbolic, because women tend to be more idealistic about politics than men are.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beecher implies that women's effect on public life is largely\n A. overlooked, because few men are interested in women's thoughts about politics.\n B. indirect, because women exert their influence within the home and family life.\n C. unnecessary, because men are able to govern society themselves.\n D. symbolic, because women tend to be more idealistic about politics than men are.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beecher implies that women's effect on public life is largely\n A. overlooked, because few men are interested in women's thoughts about politics.\n B. indirect, because women exert their influence within the home and family life.\n C. unnecessary, because men are able to govern society themselves.\n D. symbolic, because women tend to be more idealistic about politics than men are.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Beecher implies that women's effect on public life is largely\n A. overlooked, because few men are interested in women's thoughts about politics.\n B. indirect, because women exert their influence within the home and family life.\n C. unnecessary, because men are able to govern society themselves.\n D. symbolic, because women tend to be more idealistic about politics than men are.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 155, "query": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: In the passage, Parsons indicates that she once believed that\n A. majority rule eliminates the need for individual activism.\n B. mobilization of the few benefits the majority.\n C. progress occurs when everyone works together toward a common goal.\n D. government can be used to make changes that citizens hope for.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: In the passage, Parsons indicates that she once believed that\n A. majority rule eliminates the need for individual activism.\n B. mobilization of the few benefits the majority.\n C. progress occurs when everyone works together toward a common goal.\n D. government can be used to make changes that citizens hope for.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: In the passage, Parsons indicates that she once believed that\n A. majority rule eliminates the need for individual activism.\n B. mobilization of the few benefits the majority.\n C. progress occurs when everyone works together toward a common goal.\n D. government can be used to make changes that citizens hope for.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: In the passage, Parsons indicates that she once believed that\n A. majority rule eliminates the need for individual activism.\n B. mobilization of the few benefits the majority.\n C. progress occurs when everyone works together toward a common goal.\n D. government can be used to make changes that citizens hope for.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:155"}
{"index": 8, "query": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: According to the table, which of the following pairs of base percentages in sea urchin DNA provides evidence in support of the answer to the previous question?\n A. $17.3 \\%$ and $17.7 \\%$\n B. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.1 \\%$\n C. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\n D. $17.7 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: According to the table, which of the following pairs of base percentages in sea urchin DNA provides evidence in support of the answer to the previous question?\n A. $17.3 \\%$ and $17.7 \\%$\n B. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.1 \\%$\n C. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\n D. $17.7 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: According to the table, which of the following pairs of base percentages in sea urchin DNA provides evidence in support of the answer to the previous question?\n A. $17.3 \\%$ and $17.7 \\%$\n B. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.1 \\%$\n C. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\n D. $17.7 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a  regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups.To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which can be of four different types. Two of the possible bases-adenine and guanine - are purines, and the other two-thymine and cytosine-are pyrimidines. So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the 10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide.The first feature of our structure which is of biological interest is that it consists not of one chain, but of two. These two chains are both coiled around15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that since there was only one chain in the chemical formula there would only be one in the structural unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two.The other biologically important feature is the manner in which the two chains are held together. This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single25 base from the other. The important point is that only certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure.One member of a pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for 30 example, there would not be room for it.We believe that the bases will be present almost entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true, the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are: 35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but when it does, its partner on the other chain must always be thymine.The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is 40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a long molecule many different permutations are possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise sequence of bases is the code which carries the45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases on one of the pair of chains were given, one could write down the exact order of the bases on the other one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule might duplicate itself.The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that organism's DNA.\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}\\hline\\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Base Composition of DNA} \\\\\\hline\\multirow{3}{*}{Organism} & \\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Percentage of base } \\\\\\text { in organism's DNA }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 2 - 5 }& $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { adenine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { guanine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { cytosine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ & $\\begin{array}{c}\\text { thymine } \\\\ (\\%)\\end{array}$ \\\\\\hline& 26.8 & 22.8 & 23.2 & 27.2 \\\\\\hlineOctopus & 33.2 & 17.6 & 17.6 & 31.6 \\\\\\hlineChicken & 28.0 & 22.0 & 21.6 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineRat & 28.6 & 21.4 & 20.5 & 28.4 \\\\\\hlineHuman & 29.3 & 20.7 & 20.0 & 30.0 \\\\\\hlineGrasshopper & 29.3 & 20.5 & 20.7 & 29.3 \\\\\\hlineSea urchin & 32.8 & 17.7 & 17.3 & 32.1 \\\\\\hlineWheat & 27.3 & 22.7 & 22.8 & 27.1 \\\\\\hlineYeast & 31.3 & 18.7 & 17.1 & 32.9 \\\\\\hlineE. coli & 24.7 & 26.0 & 25.7 & 23.6 \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}\nQuestion: According to the table, which of the following pairs of base percentages in sea urchin DNA provides evidence in support of the answer to the previous question?\n A. $17.3 \\%$ and $17.7 \\%$\n B. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.1 \\%$\n C. $17.3 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\n D. $17.7 \\%$ and $32.8 \\%$\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:8"}
{"index": 29, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a\n A. reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era.\n B. sign that the belief in human equality is widespread.\n C. testament to the effects of the foreign policy of the United States.\n D. manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a\n A. reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era.\n B. sign that the belief in human equality is widespread.\n C. testament to the effects of the foreign policy of the United States.\n D. manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a\n A. reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era.\n B. sign that the belief in human equality is widespread.\n C. testament to the effects of the foreign policy of the United States.\n D. manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Fellow-Citizens: It is a noble land that God has given us; a land that can feed and clothe the world; a land whose coast lines would enclose half the  countries of Europe; a land set like a sentinel between 5 the two imperial oceans of the globe; a greater England with a nobler destiny. It is a mighty people that $\\mathrm{He}$ has planted on this soil; a people sprung from the most masterful blood of history; a people perpetually revitalized by the virile ... working-folk10 of all the earth; a people imperial by virtue of their power, by right of their institutions, by authority of their heaven-directed purposes-the propagandists and not the misers of liberty. It is a glorious history our God has bestowed upon His chosen people; a15 history whose keynote was struck by Liberty Bell; a history heroic with faith in our mission and our future; a history of statesmen, who flung the boundaries of the Republic out into unexplored lands ... a history of soldiers, who carried the flag20 across blazing deserts and through the ranks of hostile mountains, even to the gates of sunset; a history of a multiplying people, who overran a continent in half a century ... a history divinely logical, in the process of whose tremendous 25 reasoning we find ourselves to-day....Think of the thousands of Americans who will pour into Hawaii and Porto Rico when the Republic's laws cover those islands with justice and safety! Think of the tens of thousands of Americans30 who will invade ... the Philippines when a liberal government ... shall establish order and equity there! Think of the hundreds of thousands of Americans who will build a . . civilization of energy and industry in Cuba, when a government of law35 replaces the double reign of anarchy and tyranny!think of the prosperous millions that Empress of Islands will support when, obedient to the law of political gravitation, her people ask for the highest honor liberty can bestow, the sacred Order of the40 Stars and Stripes, the citizenship of the Great Republic!\\section{Passage 2}If it is right for the United States to hold the Philippine Islands permanently and imitate European empires in the government of colonies, the45 Republican party ought to state its position and defend it, but it must expect the subject races to protest against such a policy and to resist to the extent of their ability.The Filipinos do not need any encouragement 50 from Americans now living. Our whole history has been an encouragement not only to the Filipinos, but to all who are denied a voice in their own government. If the Republicans are prepared to censure all who have used language calculated tomake the Filipinos hate foreign domination, let them condemn the speech of Patrick Henry. When he uttered that passionate appeal, \"Give me liberty or give me death,\" he exprest a sentiment which still echoes in the hearts of men.60 Let them censure Jefferson; of all the statesmen of history none have used words so offensive to those who would hold their fellows in political bondage. Let them censure Washington, who declared that the colonists must choose between liberty and slavery.$65 \\mathrm{Or}$, if the statute of limitations has run against the sins of Henry and Jefferson and Washington, let them censure Lincoln, whose Gettysburg speech will be quoted in defense of popular government when the present advocates of force and conquest are 70 forgotten.Some one has said that a truth once spoken can never be recalled. It goes on and on, and no one can set a limit to its ever-widening influence. But if it were possible to obliterate every word written or 75 spoken in defense of the principles set forth in the Declaration of Independence, a war of conquest would still leave its legacy of perpetual hatred, for it was God himself who placed in every human heart the love of liberty. He never made a race of people so80 low in the scale of civilization or intelligence that it would welcome a foreign master.Those who would have this Nation enter upon a career of empire must consider, not only the effect of imperialism on the Filipinos, but they must also85 calculate its effects upon our own nation. We cannot repudiate the principle of self-government in the Philippines without weakening that principle here\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 2 that Bryan considers the preference for national sovereignty over foreign rule to be a\n A. reaction to the excesses of imperial governments in the modern era.\n B. sign that the belief in human equality is widespread.\n C. testament to the effects of the foreign policy of the United States.\n D. manifestation of an innate drive in humans toward self-rule.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:29"}
{"index": 34, "query": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that if Seydel had planted wheat or corn on the two agricultural strips in Hartmann's experiment, the percentage of the surface of each strip covered with weeds would likely have been\n A. lower than the percentage that Hartmann found.\n B. higher than the percentage that Hartmann had predicted.\n C. nearly impossible for Hartmann to determine.\n D. comparable to Hartmann's original projection.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that if Seydel had planted wheat or corn on the two agricultural strips in Hartmann's experiment, the percentage of the surface of each strip covered with weeds would likely have been\n A. lower than the percentage that Hartmann found.\n B. higher than the percentage that Hartmann had predicted.\n C. nearly impossible for Hartmann to determine.\n D. comparable to Hartmann's original projection.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that if Seydel had planted wheat or corn on the two agricultural strips in Hartmann's experiment, the percentage of the surface of each strip covered with weeds would likely have been\n A. lower than the percentage that Hartmann found.\n B. higher than the percentage that Hartmann had predicted.\n C. nearly impossible for Hartmann to determine.\n D. comparable to Hartmann's original projection.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: The passage suggests that if Seydel had planted wheat or corn on the two agricultural strips in Hartmann's experiment, the percentage of the surface of each strip covered with weeds would likely have been\n A. lower than the percentage that Hartmann found.\n B. higher than the percentage that Hartmann had predicted.\n C. nearly impossible for Hartmann to determine.\n D. comparable to Hartmann's original projection.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 181, "query": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, the team of scientists believes that the black carbonized material found in certain sedimentary layers was caused by which phenomenon following a cosmic collision?\n A. Climate cooling\n B. Mass extinctions\n C. Rapidly spreading fires\n D. Iridium deposits\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, the team of scientists believes that the black carbonized material found in certain sedimentary layers was caused by which phenomenon following a cosmic collision?\n A. Climate cooling\n B. Mass extinctions\n C. Rapidly spreading fires\n D. Iridium deposits\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, the team of scientists believes that the black carbonized material found in certain sedimentary layers was caused by which phenomenon following a cosmic collision?\n A. Climate cooling\n B. Mass extinctions\n C. Rapidly spreading fires\n D. Iridium deposits\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, the team of scientists believes that the black carbonized material found in certain sedimentary layers was caused by which phenomenon following a cosmic collision?\n A. Climate cooling\n B. Mass extinctions\n C. Rapidly spreading fires\n D. Iridium deposits\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 94, "query": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: According to the passage, which statement best explains why the Venus flytrap requires a second trigger hair to be touched within a short amount of time in order for its trap to close?\n A. The second trigger produces an electrical charge that reverses the charge produced by the first trigger.\n B. The second trigger stabilizes the surge of calcium ions created by the first trigger.\n C. The second trigger prompts the calcium channels to open.\n D. The second trigger provides a necessary supplement to the calcium concentration released by the first trigger.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: According to the passage, which statement best explains why the Venus flytrap requires a second trigger hair to be touched within a short amount of time in order for its trap to close?\n A. The second trigger produces an electrical charge that reverses the charge produced by the first trigger.\n B. The second trigger stabilizes the surge of calcium ions created by the first trigger.\n C. The second trigger prompts the calcium channels to open.\n D. The second trigger provides a necessary supplement to the calcium concentration released by the first trigger.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: According to the passage, which statement best explains why the Venus flytrap requires a second trigger hair to be touched within a short amount of time in order for its trap to close?\n A. The second trigger produces an electrical charge that reverses the charge produced by the first trigger.\n B. The second trigger stabilizes the surge of calcium ions created by the first trigger.\n C. The second trigger prompts the calcium channels to open.\n D. The second trigger provides a necessary supplement to the calcium concentration released by the first trigger.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: According to the passage, which statement best explains why the Venus flytrap requires a second trigger hair to be touched within a short amount of time in order for its trap to close?\n A. The second trigger produces an electrical charge that reverses the charge produced by the first trigger.\n B. The second trigger stabilizes the surge of calcium ions created by the first trigger.\n C. The second trigger prompts the calcium channels to open.\n D. The second trigger provides a necessary supplement to the calcium concentration released by the first trigger.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:94"}
{"index": 22, "query": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, when Miss Spivey announces that she had seen camels, the students' reaction suggests that they are\n A. delighted.\n B. fascinated.\n C. baffled.\n D. worried.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, when Miss Spivey announces that she had seen camels, the students' reaction suggests that they are\n A. delighted.\n B. fascinated.\n C. baffled.\n D. worried.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, when Miss Spivey announces that she had seen camels, the students' reaction suggests that they are\n A. delighted.\n B. fascinated.\n C. baffled.\n D. worried.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, when Miss Spivey announces that she had seen camels, the students' reaction suggests that they are\n A. delighted.\n B. fascinated.\n C. baffled.\n D. worried.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: Which choice best states the relationship between the two passages?\n A. Passage 2 compares and critiques the conservation solutions recommended in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 questions the professional credibility of the scientists profiled in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 suggests several applications of the conclusions reached in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 challenges the reliability of research results discussed in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: Which choice best states the relationship between the two passages?\n A. Passage 2 compares and critiques the conservation solutions recommended in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 questions the professional credibility of the scientists profiled in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 suggests several applications of the conclusions reached in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 challenges the reliability of research results discussed in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: Which choice best states the relationship between the two passages?\n A. Passage 2 compares and critiques the conservation solutions recommended in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 questions the professional credibility of the scientists profiled in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 suggests several applications of the conclusions reached in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 challenges the reliability of research results discussed in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: Which choice best states the relationship between the two passages?\n A. Passage 2 compares and critiques the conservation solutions recommended in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 questions the professional credibility of the scientists profiled in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 suggests several applications of the conclusions reached in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 challenges the reliability of research results discussed in Passage 1.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 172, "query": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which action would most likely reducepolitical extremism among the citizenry?\n A. Forming organized groups of people who share their most deeply held convictions\n B. Requiring that politicians explain their proposed policies in detail before an election is held\n C. Promoting awareness of charities that provide opportunities to donate money to worthy but underfunded causes\n D. Hosting events that encourage people who hold opposing points of view to interact with one another\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which action would most likely reducepolitical extremism among the citizenry?\n A. Forming organized groups of people who share their most deeply held convictions\n B. Requiring that politicians explain their proposed policies in detail before an election is held\n C. Promoting awareness of charities that provide opportunities to donate money to worthy but underfunded causes\n D. Hosting events that encourage people who hold opposing points of view to interact with one another\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which action would most likely reducepolitical extremism among the citizenry?\n A. Forming organized groups of people who share their most deeply held convictions\n B. Requiring that politicians explain their proposed policies in detail before an election is held\n C. Promoting awareness of charities that provide opportunities to donate money to worthy but underfunded causes\n D. Hosting events that encourage people who hold opposing points of view to interact with one another\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, which action would most likely reducepolitical extremism among the citizenry?\n A. Forming organized groups of people who share their most deeply held convictions\n B. Requiring that politicians explain their proposed policies in detail before an election is held\n C. Promoting awareness of charities that provide opportunities to donate money to worthy but underfunded causes\n D. Hosting events that encourage people who hold opposing points of view to interact with one another\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:172"}
{"index": 71, "query": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a major theme of the passage?\n A. The corrupting influence of a materialistic society\n B. The moral purity of young children\n C. The bittersweet brevity of childhood na\u00efvet\u00e9\n D. The restorative power of parental love\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a major theme of the passage?\n A. The corrupting influence of a materialistic society\n B. The moral purity of young children\n C. The bittersweet brevity of childhood na\u00efvet\u00e9\n D. The restorative power of parental love\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a major theme of the passage?\n A. The corrupting influence of a materialistic society\n B. The moral purity of young children\n C. The bittersweet brevity of childhood na\u00efvet\u00e9\n D. The restorative power of parental love\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes a major theme of the passage?\n A. The corrupting influence of a materialistic society\n B. The moral purity of young children\n C. The bittersweet brevity of childhood na\u00efvet\u00e9\n D. The restorative power of parental love\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:71"}
{"index": 113, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 offers an evaluation of the significance of the research discussed in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 suggests a modification to the methodology described in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 uses concrete examples to illustrate concepts considered in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 takes a dismissive stance regarding the findings mentioned in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 offers an evaluation of the significance of the research discussed in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 suggests a modification to the methodology described in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 uses concrete examples to illustrate concepts considered in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 takes a dismissive stance regarding the findings mentioned in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 offers an evaluation of the significance of the research discussed in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 suggests a modification to the methodology described in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 uses concrete examples to illustrate concepts considered in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 takes a dismissive stance regarding the findings mentioned in Passage 1.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the relationship between Passage 1 and Passage 2?\n A. Passage 2 offers an evaluation of the significance of the research discussed in Passage 1.\n B. Passage 2 suggests a modification to the methodology described in Passage 1.\n C. Passage 2 uses concrete examples to illustrate concepts considered in Passage 1.\n D. Passage 2 takes a dismissive stance regarding the findings mentioned in Passage 1.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:113"}
{"index": 147, "query": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, counting wild tigers is difficult because tigers\n A. move extremely quickly from one location to another.\n B. reside in environments that are relatively inaccessible to humans.\n C. bear a superficial resemblance to other related species.\n D. exhibit behavior that is potentially threatening to humans.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, counting wild tigers is difficult because tigers\n A. move extremely quickly from one location to another.\n B. reside in environments that are relatively inaccessible to humans.\n C. bear a superficial resemblance to other related species.\n D. exhibit behavior that is potentially threatening to humans.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, counting wild tigers is difficult because tigers\n A. move extremely quickly from one location to another.\n B. reside in environments that are relatively inaccessible to humans.\n C. bear a superficial resemblance to other related species.\n D. exhibit behavior that is potentially threatening to humans.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: According to Passage 1, counting wild tigers is difficult because tigers\n A. move extremely quickly from one location to another.\n B. reside in environments that are relatively inaccessible to humans.\n C. bear a superficial resemblance to other related species.\n D. exhibit behavior that is potentially threatening to humans.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:147"}
{"index": 45, "query": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: What can reasonably be inferred about gliding animals from the passage?\n A. Their young tend to hop along beside their parents instead of flying beside them.\n B. Their method of locomotion is similar to that of ground birds.\n C. They use the ground for feeding more often than for perching.\n D. They do not use a flapping stroke to aid in climbing slopes.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: What can reasonably be inferred about gliding animals from the passage?\n A. Their young tend to hop along beside their parents instead of flying beside them.\n B. Their method of locomotion is similar to that of ground birds.\n C. They use the ground for feeding more often than for perching.\n D. They do not use a flapping stroke to aid in climbing slopes.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: What can reasonably be inferred about gliding animals from the passage?\n A. Their young tend to hop along beside their parents instead of flying beside them.\n B. Their method of locomotion is similar to that of ground birds.\n C. They use the ground for feeding more often than for perching.\n D. They do not use a flapping stroke to aid in climbing slopes.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their  parents. \"They jumped up like popcorn,\" he said, 5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project10 to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local15 rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds' first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher20 was incredulous. \"He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, 'What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!\" At first it seemed unnatural-ground birds don't like the ground? But25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought30 in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. \"I asked 35 him how it went,\" Ken recalled, \"and he said, 'Terrible! The birds are cheating!' \" Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the \"aha\" moment. \"The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,\" he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone 45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from 50 birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. \"It's like the spoiler on the back of a race car,\" he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on 70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don't do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis)\nQuestion: What can reasonably be inferred about gliding animals from the passage?\n A. Their young tend to hop along beside their parents instead of flying beside them.\n B. Their method of locomotion is similar to that of ground birds.\n C. They use the ground for feeding more often than for perching.\n D. They do not use a flapping stroke to aid in climbing slopes.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:45"}
{"index": 82, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the individual's proper position in society?\n A. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be defined in important ways by that individual's sex, while Mill believes that an individual's abilities should be the determining factor.\n B. Tocqueville believes that an individual's economic class should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration.\n C. Tocqueville believes that an individual's temperament should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual's position.\n D. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding. 41\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the individual's proper position in society?\n A. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be defined in important ways by that individual's sex, while Mill believes that an individual's abilities should be the determining factor.\n B. Tocqueville believes that an individual's economic class should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration.\n C. Tocqueville believes that an individual's temperament should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual's position.\n D. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding. 41\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the individual's proper position in society?\n A. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be defined in important ways by that individual's sex, while Mill believes that an individual's abilities should be the determining factor.\n B. Tocqueville believes that an individual's economic class should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration.\n C. Tocqueville believes that an individual's temperament should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual's position.\n D. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding. 41\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes the ways that the two authors conceive of the individual's proper position in society?\n A. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be defined in important ways by that individual's sex, while Mill believes that an individual's abilities should be the determining factor.\n B. Tocqueville believes that an individual's economic class should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that class is not a legitimate consideration.\n C. Tocqueville believes that an individual's temperament should determine that individual's position, while Mill believes that temperament should not be a factor in an individual's position.\n D. Tocqueville believes that an individual's position should be determined by what is most beneficial to society, while Mill believes it should be determined by what an individual finds most rewarding. 41\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:82"}
{"index": 200, "query": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Thoreau indicates that some unjust aspectsof government are\n A. superficial and can be fixed easily.\n B. subtle and must be studied carefully.\n C. self-correcting and may be beneficial.\n D. inevitable and should be endured.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Thoreau indicates that some unjust aspectsof government are\n A. superficial and can be fixed easily.\n B. subtle and must be studied carefully.\n C. self-correcting and may be beneficial.\n D. inevitable and should be endured.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Thoreau indicates that some unjust aspectsof government are\n A. superficial and can be fixed easily.\n B. subtle and must be studied carefully.\n C. self-correcting and may be beneficial.\n D. inevitable and should be endured.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Thoreau indicates that some unjust aspectsof government are\n A. superficial and can be fixed easily.\n B. subtle and must be studied carefully.\n C. self-correcting and may be beneficial.\n D. inevitable and should be endured.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:200"}
{"index": 114, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Both passages make the point that teixobactin could be useful in\n A. standardizing the future development of antibiotics produced in laboratory environments.\n B. combating infections that are no longer responding to treatment with other antibiotics.\n C. controlling the spread of pathogenic soil fungi.\n D. shaping a new method of studying the effectiveness of antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Both passages make the point that teixobactin could be useful in\n A. standardizing the future development of antibiotics produced in laboratory environments.\n B. combating infections that are no longer responding to treatment with other antibiotics.\n C. controlling the spread of pathogenic soil fungi.\n D. shaping a new method of studying the effectiveness of antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Both passages make the point that teixobactin could be useful in\n A. standardizing the future development of antibiotics produced in laboratory environments.\n B. combating infections that are no longer responding to treatment with other antibiotics.\n C. controlling the spread of pathogenic soil fungi.\n D. shaping a new method of studying the effectiveness of antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: Both passages make the point that teixobactin could be useful in\n A. standardizing the future development of antibiotics produced in laboratory environments.\n B. combating infections that are no longer responding to treatment with other antibiotics.\n C. controlling the spread of pathogenic soil fungi.\n D. shaping a new method of studying the effectiveness of antibiotics.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:114"}
{"index": 136, "query": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: According to the passage, Bottke and his colleaguesexplain the presence of iron fragments in theasteroid belt by asserting that the fragments were\n A. remnants of differentiated asteroids that were destroyed in collisions in the asteroid belt.\n B. created relatively close to the Sun and ended up in the asteroid belt due to the gravity of large objects.\n C. formed on terrestrial planets and ejected into the asteroid belt by collisions with primitive asteroids.\n D. formed in the region of the terrestrial planets but knocked into the asteroid belt by collisions with the parent bodies of primitive asteroids.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: According to the passage, Bottke and his colleaguesexplain the presence of iron fragments in theasteroid belt by asserting that the fragments were\n A. remnants of differentiated asteroids that were destroyed in collisions in the asteroid belt.\n B. created relatively close to the Sun and ended up in the asteroid belt due to the gravity of large objects.\n C. formed on terrestrial planets and ejected into the asteroid belt by collisions with primitive asteroids.\n D. formed in the region of the terrestrial planets but knocked into the asteroid belt by collisions with the parent bodies of primitive asteroids.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: According to the passage, Bottke and his colleaguesexplain the presence of iron fragments in theasteroid belt by asserting that the fragments were\n A. remnants of differentiated asteroids that were destroyed in collisions in the asteroid belt.\n B. created relatively close to the Sun and ended up in the asteroid belt due to the gravity of large objects.\n C. formed on terrestrial planets and ejected into the asteroid belt by collisions with primitive asteroids.\n D. formed in the region of the terrestrial planets but knocked into the asteroid belt by collisions with the parent bodies of primitive asteroids.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: According to the passage, Bottke and his colleaguesexplain the presence of iron fragments in theasteroid belt by asserting that the fragments were\n A. remnants of differentiated asteroids that were destroyed in collisions in the asteroid belt.\n B. created relatively close to the Sun and ended up in the asteroid belt due to the gravity of large objects.\n C. formed on terrestrial planets and ejected into the asteroid belt by collisions with primitive asteroids.\n D. formed in the region of the terrestrial planets but knocked into the asteroid belt by collisions with the parent bodies of primitive asteroids.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:136"}
{"index": 116, "query": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. The narrator reflects on how the behavior of another character has changed.\n B. The narrator struggles to understand the motivations of another character.\n C. The narrator discusses shared professional interests with another character.\n D. The narrator recounts the events that led another character to support her project.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. The narrator reflects on how the behavior of another character has changed.\n B. The narrator struggles to understand the motivations of another character.\n C. The narrator discusses shared professional interests with another character.\n D. The narrator recounts the events that led another character to support her project.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. The narrator reflects on how the behavior of another character has changed.\n B. The narrator struggles to understand the motivations of another character.\n C. The narrator discusses shared professional interests with another character.\n D. The narrator recounts the events that led another character to support her project.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\u201cI\u2019ve come to inquire if you have work for me. That is, if.my performance pleased you before.\u201d A deliberate prompt. I.didn\u2019t want to be hired because of my need or his kindness. I.wanted my talent to be the reason he wanted me back..\u201cIndeed\u201d was all he offered..What now to fill the suspended moment? His new.projects. I asked. His eyebrows leapt up in symmetrical.curves..\u201cA Byzantine chapel for the World\u2019s Columbian.Exposition in Chicago next year. Four times bigger than the.Paris Exposition Universelle. It will be the greatest assembly.of artists since the fifteenth century.\u201d He counted on his.fingers and then drummed them on the desk. \u201cOnly fifteen.months away. In 1893 the name of Louis Comfort Tiffany.will be on the lips of millions!\u201d He stood up and swung open.his arms wide enough to embrace the whole world..I sensed his open palm somewhere in the air behind the.small of my back, ushering me to his massive, carved.mahogany exhibit table to see his sketches and watercolors..\u201cTwo round windows, The Infancy of Christ and Botticelli\u2019s.Madonna and Child, will be set off by a dozen scenic side.windows.\u201d.A huge undertaking. How richly fortunate. Surely there.would be opportunity for me to shine..Practically hopping from side to side, he made a show of.slinging down one large watercolor after another onto the.Persian carpet, each one a precise, fine-edged rendering of.what he wanted the window to be..\u201cGracious! You\u2019ve been on fire. Go slower! Give me a.chance to admire each one.\u201d.He unrolled the largest watercolor. \u201cAn eight-foot.mosaic behind the altar depicting a pair of peacocks.surrounded by grapevines.\u201d.My breath whistled between my open lips. Above the.peacocks facing each other, he had transformed the.standard Christian icon of a crown of thorns into a.shimmering regal headdress for God the King, the thorns.replaced by large glass jewels in true Tiffany style..Astonishing how he could get mere watercolors so deep.and saturated, so like lacquer that they vibrated together as.surely as chords of a great church pipe organ. Even the.names of the hues bore an exotic richness. The peacocks\u2019.necks in emerald green and sapphire blue. The tail feathers.in vermilion, Spanish ocher, Florida gold. The jewels in the.crown mandarin yellow and peridot. The background in.turquoise and cobalt. Oh, to get my hands on those.gorgeous hues. To feel the coolness of the blue glass, like.solid pieces of the sea. To chip the gigantic jewels for the.crown so they would sparkle and send out shafts of light..To forget everything but the glass before me and make of it.something resplendent..When I could trust my voice not to show too much.eagerness, I said, \u201cI see your originality is in good health..Only you would put peacocks in a chapel.\u201d.\u201cDon\u2019t you know?\u201d he said in a spoof of incredulity..\u201cThey symbolized eternal life in Byzantine art. Their flesh.was thought to be incorruptible.\u201d.\u201cWhat a lucky find for you, that convenient tidbit of.information.\u201d.He chuckled, so I was on safe ground..He tossed down more drawings. \u201cA marble-and-mosaic.altar surrounded by mosaic columns, and a baptismal font.of opaque leaded glass and mosaic.\u201d.\u201cThis dome is the lid of the basin? In opaque leaded.glass?\u201d.He looked at it with nothing short of love, and showed.me its size with outstretched arms as though he were.hugging the thing..I was struck by a tantalizing idea. \u201cImagine it reduced in.size and made of translucent glass instead. Once you figure.how to secure the pieces in a dome, that could be the.method and the shape of a lampshade. A wraparound.window of, say\u201d\u2014I looked around the room\u2014\u201cpeacock.feathers.\u201d.He jerked his head up with a startled expression, the.idea dawning on him as if it were his own..\u201cLampshades in leaded glass,\u201d he said in wonder, his.blue eyes sparking..\u201cJust think where that could go,\u201d I whispered.\nQuestion: Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?\n A. The narrator reflects on how the behavior of another character has changed.\n B. The narrator struggles to understand the motivations of another character.\n C. The narrator discusses shared professional interests with another character.\n D. The narrator recounts the events that led another character to support her project.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 192, "query": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: The authors indicate that the public is coming to believethat journalists\u2019 reports should avoid\n A. personal judgments about the events reported.\n B. more information than is absolutely necessary.\n C. quotations from authorities on the subject matter.\n D. details that the subjects of news reports wish to keep private.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: The authors indicate that the public is coming to believethat journalists\u2019 reports should avoid\n A. personal judgments about the events reported.\n B. more information than is absolutely necessary.\n C. quotations from authorities on the subject matter.\n D. details that the subjects of news reports wish to keep private.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: The authors indicate that the public is coming to believethat journalists\u2019 reports should avoid\n A. personal judgments about the events reported.\n B. more information than is absolutely necessary.\n C. quotations from authorities on the subject matter.\n D. details that the subjects of news reports wish to keep private.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The news is a form of public knowledge..Unlike personal or private knowledge (such as the.health of one\u2019s friends and family; the conduct of a.Line private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge.increases in value as it is shared by more people. The.date of an election and the claims of rival candidates;.the causes and consequences of an environmental.disaster; a debate about how to frame a particular.law; the latest reports from a war zone\u2014these are all.examples of public knowledge that people are.generally expected to know in order to be considered.informed citizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or.private knowledge, which is generally left to.individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is.promoted even to those who might not think it.matters to them. In short, the circulation of public.knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded.as a public good which cannot be solely.demand-driven..The production, circulation, and reception.of public knowledge is a complex process. It is.generally accepted that public knowledge should.be authoritative, but there is not always.common agreement about what the public needs to.know, who is best placed to relate and explain it, and.how authoritative reputations should be determined.and evaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The.Times and broadcasters such as the BBC were widely.regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative.agendas and conventional wisdom. They embodied.the Oxford English Dictionary\u2019s definition of.authority as the \u201cpower over, or title to influence, the.opinions of others.\u201d As part of the general process of.the transformation of authority whereby there has.been a reluctance to uncritically accept traditional.sources of public knowledge, the demand has been.for all authority to make explicit the frames of value.which determine their decisions. Centres of news.production, as our focus groups show, have not been.exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps.some news journalists feel uneasy about this.renegotiation of their authority:.Editors are increasingly casting a glance at the.\u201cmost read\u201d lists on their own and other websites.to work out which stories matter to readers and.viewers. And now the audience\u2014which used to.know its place\u2014is being asked to act as a kind of.journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our.credibility (broadcast journalist, 2008)..The result of democratising access to TV news.could be political disengagement by the majority.and a dumbing down through a popularity.contest of stories (online news editor, 2007)..Despite the rhetorical bluster of these statements,.they amount to more than straightforward.professional defensiveness. In their reference to an.audience \u201cwhich used to know its place\u201d and.conflation between democratisation and \u201cdumbing.down,\u201d they are seeking to argue for a particular.mode of public knowledge: one which is shaped by.experts, immune from populist pressures; and.disseminated to attentive, but mainly passive.recipients. It is a view of citizenship that closes down.opportunities for popular involvement in the making.of public knowledge by reinforcing the professional.claims of experts. The journalists quoted above are.right to feel uneasy, for there is, at almost every.institutional level in contemporary society,.scepticism towards the epistemological authority of.expert elites. There is a growing feeling, as expressed.by several of our focus group participants, that the.news media should be \u201cinformative rather than.authoritative\u201d; the job of journalists should be to.\u201cgive the news as raw as it is, without putting their.slant on it\u201d; and people should be given \u201csufficient.information\u201d from which \u201cwe would be able to form.opinions of our own.\u201d.At stake here are two distinct conceptions of.authority. The journalists we have quoted are.resistant to the democratisation of news:.the supremacy of the clickstream (according to.which editors raise or lower the profile of stories.according to the number of readers clicking on them.online); the parity of popular culture with \u201cserious\u201d.news; the demands of some audience members for.raw news rather than constructed narratives.\nQuestion: The authors indicate that the public is coming to believethat journalists\u2019 reports should avoid\n A. personal judgments about the events reported.\n B. more information than is absolutely necessary.\n C. quotations from authorities on the subject matter.\n D. details that the subjects of news reports wish to keep private.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:192"}
{"index": 18, "query": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, Threestep is mainly presented as a\n A. summer retreat for vacationers.\n B. small rural town.\n C. town that is home to a prominent university.\n D. comfortable suburb.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, Threestep is mainly presented as a\n A. summer retreat for vacationers.\n B. small rural town.\n C. town that is home to a prominent university.\n D. comfortable suburb.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, Threestep is mainly presented as a\n A. summer retreat for vacationers.\n B. small rural town.\n C. town that is home to a prominent university.\n D. comfortable suburb.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: In the passage, Threestep is mainly presented as a\n A. summer retreat for vacationers.\n B. small rural town.\n C. town that is home to a prominent university.\n D. comfortable suburb.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:18"}
{"index": 110, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 1 suggests that an advantage of the method Lewis's team used to grow microorganisms is that it\n A. identifies the requirements for soil bacteria to thrive and replicates those features in artificial soil.\n B. enables soil bacteria to take in more nutrients than they typically consume in natural settings.\n C. directly affects the cell walls of bacteria rather than the proteins those bacteria produce.\n D. allows researchers to make use of soil bacteria that they had previously been unable to exploit.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 1 suggests that an advantage of the method Lewis's team used to grow microorganisms is that it\n A. identifies the requirements for soil bacteria to thrive and replicates those features in artificial soil.\n B. enables soil bacteria to take in more nutrients than they typically consume in natural settings.\n C. directly affects the cell walls of bacteria rather than the proteins those bacteria produce.\n D. allows researchers to make use of soil bacteria that they had previously been unable to exploit.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 1 suggests that an advantage of the method Lewis's team used to grow microorganisms is that it\n A. identifies the requirements for soil bacteria to thrive and replicates those features in artificial soil.\n B. enables soil bacteria to take in more nutrients than they typically consume in natural settings.\n C. directly affects the cell walls of bacteria rather than the proteins those bacteria produce.\n D. allows researchers to make use of soil bacteria that they had previously been unable to exploit.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}\"Pathogens are acquiring resistance faster than we can introduce new antibiotics, and this is causing a human health crisis,\" says biochemist Kim Lewis of  Northeastern University.Lewis is part of a team that recently unveiled a promising antibiotic, born from a new way to tap the powers of soil microorganisms. In animal tests, teixobactin proved effective at killing off a wide variety of disease-causing bacteria-even those thathave developed immunity to other drugs. The scientists' best efforts to create mutant bacteria with resistance to the drug failed, meaning teixobactin could function effectively for decades before pathogens naturally evolve resistance to it.Natural microbial substances from soil bacteria and fungi have been at the root of most antibiotic drug development during the past century. But only about one percent of these organisms can be grown in a lab. The rest, in staggering numbers, haveremained uncultured and of limited use to medical science, until now. \"Instead of trying to figure out the ideal conditions for each and every one of the millions of organisms out there in the environment, to allow them to grow in the lab, we simply growthem in their natural environment where they already have the conditions they need for growth,\" Lewis says.To do this, the team designed a gadget that sandwiches a soil sample between two membranes,each perforated with pores that allow molecules like nutrients to diffuse through but don't allow the passage of cells. \"We just use it to trick the bacteria into thinking that they are in their natural environment,\" Lewis says.The team isolated 10,000 strains of uncultured soil bacteria and prepared extracts from them that could be tested against nasty pathogenic bacteria.Teixobactin emerged as the most promising drug.Mice infected with bacteria that cause upper  respiratory tract infections (including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were treated with teixobactin, and the drug knocked out the infections with no noticeable toxic effects.It's likely that teixobactin is effective because of  the way it targets disease: The drug breaks down bacterial cell walls by attacking the lipid molecules that the cell creates organically. Many other antibiotics target the bacteria's proteins, and the genes that encode those proteins can mutate to 50 produce different structures.\\section{Passage 2}Many good antibiotic families-penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline-come from soil fungi and bacteria and it has long been suspected that, if we could grow more types of bacteria from soil-or55 from exotic environments, such as deep oceans-then we might find new natural antibiotics. In a recent study, researchers [Kim Lewis and others] found that they could isolate and grow individual soil bacteria-including types that can't normally be60 grown in the laboratory-in soil itself, which supplied critical nutrients and minerals. Once the bacteria reached a critical mass they could be transferred to the lab and their cultivation continued. This simple and elegant methodology is their most 65 important finding to my mind, for it opens a gateway to cultivating a wealth of potentially antibioticproducing bacteria that have never been grown before.The first new antibiotic that they've found by this 70 approach, teixobactin, from a bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, is less exciting to my mind, though it doesn't look bad. Teixobactin killed Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, in the laboratory, and cured experimental infection in mice. It also killed 75 the tuberculosis bacterium, which is important because there is a real problem with resistant tuberculosis in the developing world. It was also difficult to select teixobactin resistance.So, what are my caveats? Well, I see three. First, 80 teixobactin isn't a potential panacea. It doesn't kill the Gram-negative opportunists as it is too big to cross their complex cell wall. Secondly, scaling to commercial manufacture will be challenging, since the bacteria making the antibiotic are so difficult to85 grow. And, thirdly, it's early days yet. As with any antibiotic, teixobactin now faces the long haul of clinical trials: Phase I to see what dose you can safely give the patient, Phase II to see if it cures infections, and Phase III to compare its efficacy to that of 90 \"standard of care treatment.\" That's going to take five years and $\\pounds 500$ million and these are numbers we must find ways to reduce (while not compromising safety) if we're to keep ahead of bacteria, which can evolve far more swiftly and cheaply.\nQuestion: The author of Passage 1 suggests that an advantage of the method Lewis's team used to grow microorganisms is that it\n A. identifies the requirements for soil bacteria to thrive and replicates those features in artificial soil.\n B. enables soil bacteria to take in more nutrients than they typically consume in natural settings.\n C. directly affects the cell walls of bacteria rather than the proteins those bacteria produce.\n D. allows researchers to make use of soil bacteria that they had previously been unable to exploit.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:110"}
{"index": 169, "query": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: A central idea discussed in the passage is that\n A. articulating the reasons for holding an opinion can cause people to decide that they are wrong.\n B. the process of describing an issue in detail can make people more moderate in their views about the issue.\n C. most people are not truly interested in understanding complex ideas.\n D. people are likely to understate their most passionately held positions to avoid offending others.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: A central idea discussed in the passage is that\n A. articulating the reasons for holding an opinion can cause people to decide that they are wrong.\n B. the process of describing an issue in detail can make people more moderate in their views about the issue.\n C. most people are not truly interested in understanding complex ideas.\n D. people are likely to understate their most passionately held positions to avoid offending others.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: A central idea discussed in the passage is that\n A. articulating the reasons for holding an opinion can cause people to decide that they are wrong.\n B. the process of describing an issue in detail can make people more moderate in their views about the issue.\n C. most people are not truly interested in understanding complex ideas.\n D. people are likely to understate their most passionately held positions to avoid offending others.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Voters need to understand the prosaic details of.complex policies. Most have staked out positions on.these issues, but they are not often reasoned.positions, which take hard intellectual work. Most.citizens opt instead for simplistic explanations,.assuming wrongly that they comprehend the nuances.of issues..Psychological scientists have a name for this.easy, automatic, simplistic thinking: the illusion of.explanatory depth. We strongly believe that we.understand complex matters, when in fact we are.clueless, and these false and extreme beliefs.shape our preferences, judgments, and actions\u2014.including our votes..Is it possible to shake such deep-rooted.convictions? That\u2019s the question that Philip.Fernbach, a psychological scientist at the University.of Colorado\u2019s Leeds School of Business, wanted to.explore. Fernbach and his colleagues wondered if.forcing people to explain complex policies in.detail\u2014not cheerleading for a position but really.considering the mechanics of implementation\u2014.might force them to confront their ignorance and.thus weaken their extremist stands on issues. They.ran a series of lab experiments to test this idea..They started by recruiting a group of volunteers in.their 30s\u2014Democrats, Republicans, and.Independents\u2014and asking them to state their.positions on a variety of issues, from a national flat.tax to a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions..The volunteers indicated how strongly they felt about.each issue and also rated their own understanding of.the issues. Then the volunteers were instructed to.write elaborate explanations of two issues. If the issue.was cap and trade, for example, they would first.explain precisely what cap and trade means, how it is.implemented, whom it benefits and whom it could.hurt, the sources of carbon emissions, and so forth..They were not asked for value judgments about the.policy or about the environment or business, but.only for a highly detailed description of the.mechanics of the policy in action..Let\u2019s be honest: Most of us never do this..Fernbach\u2019s idea was that such an exercise would.force many to realize just how little they really know.about cap and trade, and confronted with their own.ignorance, they would dampen their own.enthusiasm. They would be humbled and as a result.take less extreme positions. And that\u2019s just what.happened. Trying\u2014and failing\u2014to explain complex.policies undermined the extremists\u2019 illusions about.being well-informed. They became more moderate in.their views as a result..Being forced to articulate the nuts and bolts of a.policy is not the same as trying to sell that policy..In fact, talking about one\u2019s views can often.strengthen them. Fernbach believes it\u2019s the slow,.cognitive work\u2014the deliberate analysis\u2014that.changes people\u2019s judgments, but he wanted to check.this in another experiment. This one was very similar.to the first, but some volunteers, instead of.explaining a policy, merely listed reasons for liking it..The results were clear. Those who simply listed.reasons for their positions\u2014articulating their.values\u2014were less shaken in their views. They.continued to think they understood the policies in.their complexity, and, notably, they remained.extreme in their passion for their positions..Polarization tends to reinforce itself. People are.unaware of their own ignorance, and they seek out.information that bolsters their views, often without.knowing it. They also process new information in.biased ways, and they hang out with people like.themselves. All of these psychological forces increase.political extremism, and no simple measure will.change that. But forcing the candidates to provide.concrete and elaborate plans might be a start; it gives.citizens a starting place.\nQuestion: A central idea discussed in the passage is that\n A. articulating the reasons for holding an opinion can cause people to decide that they are wrong.\n B. the process of describing an issue in detail can make people more moderate in their views about the issue.\n C. most people are not truly interested in understanding complex ideas.\n D. people are likely to understate their most passionately held positions to avoid offending others.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:169"}
{"index": 84, "query": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the main reason that the narrator considers Great Expectations to be the best gift he ever received is because\n A. reading the book convinced him that he wanted to be a writer.\n B. he'd only ever been given sweets and snacks as gifts in the past.\n C. the gift meant that Sempere held him in high regard.\n D. Sempere was a friend of the book's author.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the main reason that the narrator considers Great Expectations to be the best gift he ever received is because\n A. reading the book convinced him that he wanted to be a writer.\n B. he'd only ever been given sweets and snacks as gifts in the past.\n C. the gift meant that Sempere held him in high regard.\n D. Sempere was a friend of the book's author.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the main reason that the narrator considers Great Expectations to be the best gift he ever received is because\n A. reading the book convinced him that he wanted to be a writer.\n B. he'd only ever been given sweets and snacks as gifts in the past.\n C. the gift meant that Sempere held him in high regard.\n D. Sempere was a friend of the book's author.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that the main reason that the narrator considers Great Expectations to be the best gift he ever received is because\n A. reading the book convinced him that he wanted to be a writer.\n B. he'd only ever been given sweets and snacks as gifts in the past.\n C. the gift meant that Sempere held him in high regard.\n D. Sempere was a friend of the book's author.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 162, "query": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the social system of primates allows for young animals to\n A. regularly observe other members of their species using tools.\n B. reach maturity without having learned to use tools to acquire food.\n C. restrict the transmission of tool-related knowledge to close relatives only.\n D. experiment with tool designs at little risk of lost food if the designs are unsuccessful\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the social system of primates allows for young animals to\n A. regularly observe other members of their species using tools.\n B. reach maturity without having learned to use tools to acquire food.\n C. restrict the transmission of tool-related knowledge to close relatives only.\n D. experiment with tool designs at little risk of lost food if the designs are unsuccessful\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the social system of primates allows for young animals to\n A. regularly observe other members of their species using tools.\n B. reach maturity without having learned to use tools to acquire food.\n C. restrict the transmission of tool-related knowledge to close relatives only.\n D. experiment with tool designs at little risk of lost food if the designs are unsuccessful\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In an experimental study we investigated whether.twig tool use in woodpecker finches is acquired.socially. This seemed plausible since previous studies.have shown that several forms of tool use in primates.develop via social learning. We took whole broods.from the Galapagos Islands. We split each brood into.two groups: half of the chicks were reared with a tool-.using model, and the other half were reared with a.non-tool-using model. We found that young.woodpecker finches that never had the opportunity to.watch tool use develop this ability with similar.aptitude and reached distinct developmental steps.that marked the appearance of new tool-oriented.behavior at a similar age as their siblings that were.given the chance to observe tool use in adult.woodpecker finches. We concluded that, in contrast.to chimpanzees, social learning is not necessary for.the acquisition of this behavior in woodpecker.finches. Instead, the developmental process seems to.be strongly dependent on genetically fixed.components. Interestingly, New Caledonian crows.also appear to have a specific genetic predisposition.for tool use, as demonstrated by the finding that they.develop basic use of stick tools without a tool-using.model. However, in contrast to our study, a tool-.using demonstrator (a human in the study on New.Caledonian crows) stimulated faster development of.tool use in juvenile New Caledonian crows. Field.observations also show that New Caledonian crow.parents scaffold the development of wide tool.manufacture and use in juveniles for up to one year..Juveniles stay close to their parents and are provided.with discarded tools. The early exposure to this.discarded tool might help juveniles to form a mental.template of functional tool design..Information about woodpecker finches\u2019 social.system can shed some light on the reasons for the.strong genetic predetermination of tool use in this.species. For one thing, in contrast to socially living.primates, woodpecker finches are solitary and thus.parents are likely to be the only available tool-using.models. In such a system, reliance on social.transmission from parents to offspring during an.association would be a highly risky endeavor. Where.the likelihood of encountering important social.information is uncertain, selection for a development.process based on genetically fixed components could.be advantageous, especially given that tool use.provides an important part of the woodpecker finch\u2019s.diet and seems crucial to survival during the dry.season in the islands\u2019 Arid Zone..Although our experiment showed that the.development of tool use is based on a very specific.genetic predisposition, we were able to demonstrate.that non-social, individual learning does play an.important role during the ontogeny [development.within an organism\u2019s lifetime] of tool use in serving.to improve the efficiency of this behavior. Five.individuals developed tool-using techniques that.deviated from the tool use performed by birds in the.wild, most likely because our artificial crevices.differed from natural crevices and tree holes. At some.point during the study, each of these birds dropped.their tool into the artificial crevice and pulled it out.with an upward motion of their beak, thereby.levering the prey to within reach at the front of the.crevice. After initial success with this technique, the.five birds significantly increased their use of this.method. These and other observations on learning in.tool-using woodpecker finches have altered our.conception of how this behavior develops. The.ontogenetic unfolding of this complex behavior is.determined by a very specific genetic component, but.is enhanced through individual learning.\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that the social system of primates allows for young animals to\n A. regularly observe other members of their species using tools.\n B. reach maturity without having learned to use tools to acquire food.\n C. restrict the transmission of tool-related knowledge to close relatives only.\n D. experiment with tool designs at little risk of lost food if the designs are unsuccessful\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:162"}
{"index": 88, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: What does Passage 1 suggest about the US government's provisions for the institution of slavery, as framed in the Constitution?\n A. They included no means for reconciling differences between free states and slave states.\n B. They anticipated the Union's expansion into western territories.\n C. They provided a good basic structure that does not need to be changed.\n D. They were founded on an assumption that slavery was necessary for economic growth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: What does Passage 1 suggest about the US government's provisions for the institution of slavery, as framed in the Constitution?\n A. They included no means for reconciling differences between free states and slave states.\n B. They anticipated the Union's expansion into western territories.\n C. They provided a good basic structure that does not need to be changed.\n D. They were founded on an assumption that slavery was necessary for economic growth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: What does Passage 1 suggest about the US government's provisions for the institution of slavery, as framed in the Constitution?\n A. They included no means for reconciling differences between free states and slave states.\n B. They anticipated the Union's expansion into western territories.\n C. They provided a good basic structure that does not need to be changed.\n D. They were founded on an assumption that slavery was necessary for economic growth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}Mr. Lincoln likens that bond of the Federal Constitution, joining Free and Slave States together, to a house divided against itself, and says that it is  contrary to the law of God, and cannot stand.When did he learn, and by what authority does he proclaim, that this Government is contrary to the law of God and cannot stand? It has stood thus divided into Free and Slave States from its organization up to this day. During that period we have increased fromfour millions to thirty millions of people; we have extended our territory from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean; we have acquired the Floridas and Texas, and other territory sufficient to double our geographical extent; we have increased in population,in wealth, and in power beyond any example on earth; we have risen from a weak and feeble power to become the terror and admiration of the civilized world; and all this has been done under aConstitution which Mr. Lincoln, in substance, says isin violation of the law of God; and under a Union divided into Free and Slave States, which Mr. Lincoln thinks, because of such division, cannot stand. Surely, Mr. Lincoln is a wiser man than those who framed the Government....I now come back to the question, why cannot this Union exist forever, divided into Free and Slave States, as our fathers made it? It can thus exist if each State will carry out the principles upon which our institutions were founded; to wit, the right of eachState to do as it pleases, without meddling with its neighbors. Just act upon that great principle, and this Union will not only live forever, but it will extend and expand until it covers the whole continent, and makes this confederacy one grand, ocean-boundRepublic. We must bear in mind that we are yet a young nation, growing with a rapidity unequalled in the history of the world, that our national increase is great, and that the emigration from the old world is increasing, requiring us to expand and acquire newterritory from time to time, in order to give our people land to live upon. If we live upon the principle of State rights and State sovereignty, each State regulating its own affairs and minding its own business, we can go on and extend indefinitely, just 45 as fast and as far as we need the territory... .\\section{Passage 2}In complaining of what I said in my speech at Springfield, in which he says I accepted my nomination for the Senatorship ... he again quotes that portion in which I said that \"a house divided 50 against itself cannot stand.\" Let me say a word in regard to that matter. He tries to persuade us that there must be a variety in the different institutions of the States of the Union; that that variety necessarily proceeds from the variety of soil, climate, of the face55 of the country, and the difference in the natural features of the States. I agree to all that. Have these very matters ever produced any difficulty among us? Not at all. Have we ever had any quarrel over the fact that they have laws in Louisiana designed to regulate60 the commerce that springs from the production of sugar? Or because we have a different class relative to the production of flour in this State? Have they produced any differences? Not at all. They are the very cements of this Union. They don't make the65 house a \"house divided against itself.\" They are the props that hold up the house and sustain the Union.But has it been so with this element of slavery? Have we not always had quarrels and difficulties over it? And when will we cease to have quarrels over it?70 Like causes produce like effects. It is worth while to observe that we have generally had comparative peace upon the slavery question, and that there has been no cause for alarm until it was excited by the effort to spread it into new territory. Whenever it has75 been limited to its present bounds, and there has been no effort to spread it, there has been peace. All the trouble and convulsion has proceeded from efforts to spread it over more territory. It was thus at the date of the Missouri Compromise. It was so again\nQuestion: What does Passage 1 suggest about the US government's provisions for the institution of slavery, as framed in the Constitution?\n A. They included no means for reconciling differences between free states and slave states.\n B. They anticipated the Union's expansion into western territories.\n C. They provided a good basic structure that does not need to be changed.\n D. They were founded on an assumption that slavery was necessary for economic growth.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 175, "query": "It is well known that some animal species use.camouflage to hide from predators. Individuals that.are able to blend in to their surroundings and avoid.being eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, and.thus increase their fitness (pass along their genes to.the next generation) compared to those who stand.out more. This may seem like a good strategy, and.fairly common in the animal kingdom, but who ever.heard of a plant doing the same thing?.In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation as.a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,.photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting.pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied..However, variation in pigmentation as a means of.escaping predation has received little attention..Matthew Klooster from Harvard University and.colleagues empirically investigated whether the dried.bracts (specialized leaves) on a rare woodland plant,.Monotropsis odorata, might serve a similar purpose.as the stripes on a tiger or the grey coloration of the.wings of the peppered moth: namely, to hide..\u201cMonotropsis odoratais a fascinating plant.species, as it relies exclusively upon mycorrhizal.fungus, that associates with its roots, for all of the.resources it needs to live,\u201d notes Klooster. \u201cBecause.this plant no longer requires photosynthetic.pigmentation (i.e., green coloration) to produce its.own energy, it is free to adopt a broader range of.possibilities in coloration, much like fungi or.animals.\u201d.Using a large population ofMonotropsis odorata,.Klooster and colleagues experimentally removed the.dried bracts that cover the 3- to 5-cm tall stems and.flower buds of these woodland plants. The bracts are.a brown color that resembles the leaf litter from.which the reproductive stems emerge and cover the.pinkish-purple colored buds and deep purple stems..When Klooster and colleagues measured the.reflectance pattern (the percentage of light reflected.at various wavelengths) of the different plant parts,.they indeed found that the bracts functioned as.camouflage, making the plant blend in with its.surroundings; the bract reflectance pattern closely.resembled that of the leaf litter, and both differed.from that of the reproductive stem and flowers.hidden underneath the bracts. Furthermore, they.experimentally demonstrated that this camouflage.actually worked to hide the plant from its predators.and increased its fitness. Individuals with intact.bracts suffered only a quarter of the herbivore.damage and produced a higher percentage of mature.fruits compared to those whose bracts were removed..\u201cIt has long been shown that animals use cryptic.coloration (camouflage) as a defense mechanism to.visually match a component of their natural.environment, which facilitates predator avoidance,\u201d.Klooster said. \u201cWe have now experimentally.demonstrated that plants have evolved a similar.strategy to avoid their herbivores.\u201d.Drying its bracts early to hide its reproductive.parts is a good strategy when the stems are exposed.to predators for long periods of time: all the other.species in the subfamily Monotropoideae have.colorful fleshy bracts and are reproductively active.for only a quarter of the length of time. Somewhat.paradoxically, however,Monotropsis odorataactually.relies on animals for pollination and seed dispersal..How does it accomplish this when it is disguised as.dead leaf material and is able to hide so well? The.authors hypothesize that the flowers emit highly.fragrant odors that serve to attract pollinators and.seed dispersal agents; indeed they observed bumble.bees finding and pollinating many reproductive.stems that were entirely hidden by the leaf litter itself.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage thatthe nutrient requirements of many plants have the consequence of\n A. exaggerating the plants\u2019 coloration patterns.\n B. limiting the plants\u2019 defensive options.\n C. increasing the plants\u2019 energy consumption.\n D. narrowing the plants\u2019 potential habitats.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "It is well known that some animal species use.camouflage to hide from predators. Individuals that.are able to blend in to their surroundings and avoid.being eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, and.thus increase their fitness (pass along their genes to.the next generation) compared to those who stand.out more. This may seem like a good strategy, and.fairly common in the animal kingdom, but who ever.heard of a plant doing the same thing?.In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation as.a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,.photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting.pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied..However, variation in pigmentation as a means of.escaping predation has received little attention..Matthew Klooster from Harvard University and.colleagues empirically investigated whether the dried.bracts (specialized leaves) on a rare woodland plant,.Monotropsis odorata, might serve a similar purpose.as the stripes on a tiger or the grey coloration of the.wings of the peppered moth: namely, to hide..\u201cMonotropsis odoratais a fascinating plant.species, as it relies exclusively upon mycorrhizal.fungus, that associates with its roots, for all of the.resources it needs to live,\u201d notes Klooster. \u201cBecause.this plant no longer requires photosynthetic.pigmentation (i.e., green coloration) to produce its.own energy, it is free to adopt a broader range of.possibilities in coloration, much like fungi or.animals.\u201d.Using a large population ofMonotropsis odorata,.Klooster and colleagues experimentally removed the.dried bracts that cover the 3- to 5-cm tall stems and.flower buds of these woodland plants. The bracts are.a brown color that resembles the leaf litter from.which the reproductive stems emerge and cover the.pinkish-purple colored buds and deep purple stems..When Klooster and colleagues measured the.reflectance pattern (the percentage of light reflected.at various wavelengths) of the different plant parts,.they indeed found that the bracts functioned as.camouflage, making the plant blend in with its.surroundings; the bract reflectance pattern closely.resembled that of the leaf litter, and both differed.from that of the reproductive stem and flowers.hidden underneath the bracts. Furthermore, they.experimentally demonstrated that this camouflage.actually worked to hide the plant from its predators.and increased its fitness. Individuals with intact.bracts suffered only a quarter of the herbivore.damage and produced a higher percentage of mature.fruits compared to those whose bracts were removed..\u201cIt has long been shown that animals use cryptic.coloration (camouflage) as a defense mechanism to.visually match a component of their natural.environment, which facilitates predator avoidance,\u201d.Klooster said. \u201cWe have now experimentally.demonstrated that plants have evolved a similar.strategy to avoid their herbivores.\u201d.Drying its bracts early to hide its reproductive.parts is a good strategy when the stems are exposed.to predators for long periods of time: all the other.species in the subfamily Monotropoideae have.colorful fleshy bracts and are reproductively active.for only a quarter of the length of time. Somewhat.paradoxically, however,Monotropsis odorataactually.relies on animals for pollination and seed dispersal..How does it accomplish this when it is disguised as.dead leaf material and is able to hide so well? The.authors hypothesize that the flowers emit highly.fragrant odors that serve to attract pollinators and.seed dispersal agents; indeed they observed bumble.bees finding and pollinating many reproductive.stems that were entirely hidden by the leaf litter itself.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage thatthe nutrient requirements of many plants have the consequence of\n A. exaggerating the plants\u2019 coloration patterns.\n B. limiting the plants\u2019 defensive options.\n C. increasing the plants\u2019 energy consumption.\n D. narrowing the plants\u2019 potential habitats.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is well known that some animal species use.camouflage to hide from predators. Individuals that.are able to blend in to their surroundings and avoid.being eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, and.thus increase their fitness (pass along their genes to.the next generation) compared to those who stand.out more. This may seem like a good strategy, and.fairly common in the animal kingdom, but who ever.heard of a plant doing the same thing?.In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation as.a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,.photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting.pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied..However, variation in pigmentation as a means of.escaping predation has received little attention..Matthew Klooster from Harvard University and.colleagues empirically investigated whether the dried.bracts (specialized leaves) on a rare woodland plant,.Monotropsis odorata, might serve a similar purpose.as the stripes on a tiger or the grey coloration of the.wings of the peppered moth: namely, to hide..\u201cMonotropsis odoratais a fascinating plant.species, as it relies exclusively upon mycorrhizal.fungus, that associates with its roots, for all of the.resources it needs to live,\u201d notes Klooster. \u201cBecause.this plant no longer requires photosynthetic.pigmentation (i.e., green coloration) to produce its.own energy, it is free to adopt a broader range of.possibilities in coloration, much like fungi or.animals.\u201d.Using a large population ofMonotropsis odorata,.Klooster and colleagues experimentally removed the.dried bracts that cover the 3- to 5-cm tall stems and.flower buds of these woodland plants. The bracts are.a brown color that resembles the leaf litter from.which the reproductive stems emerge and cover the.pinkish-purple colored buds and deep purple stems..When Klooster and colleagues measured the.reflectance pattern (the percentage of light reflected.at various wavelengths) of the different plant parts,.they indeed found that the bracts functioned as.camouflage, making the plant blend in with its.surroundings; the bract reflectance pattern closely.resembled that of the leaf litter, and both differed.from that of the reproductive stem and flowers.hidden underneath the bracts. Furthermore, they.experimentally demonstrated that this camouflage.actually worked to hide the plant from its predators.and increased its fitness. Individuals with intact.bracts suffered only a quarter of the herbivore.damage and produced a higher percentage of mature.fruits compared to those whose bracts were removed..\u201cIt has long been shown that animals use cryptic.coloration (camouflage) as a defense mechanism to.visually match a component of their natural.environment, which facilitates predator avoidance,\u201d.Klooster said. \u201cWe have now experimentally.demonstrated that plants have evolved a similar.strategy to avoid their herbivores.\u201d.Drying its bracts early to hide its reproductive.parts is a good strategy when the stems are exposed.to predators for long periods of time: all the other.species in the subfamily Monotropoideae have.colorful fleshy bracts and are reproductively active.for only a quarter of the length of time. Somewhat.paradoxically, however,Monotropsis odorataactually.relies on animals for pollination and seed dispersal..How does it accomplish this when it is disguised as.dead leaf material and is able to hide so well? The.authors hypothesize that the flowers emit highly.fragrant odors that serve to attract pollinators and.seed dispersal agents; indeed they observed bumble.bees finding and pollinating many reproductive.stems that were entirely hidden by the leaf litter itself.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage thatthe nutrient requirements of many plants have the consequence of\n A. exaggerating the plants\u2019 coloration patterns.\n B. limiting the plants\u2019 defensive options.\n C. increasing the plants\u2019 energy consumption.\n D. narrowing the plants\u2019 potential habitats.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is well known that some animal species use.camouflage to hide from predators. Individuals that.are able to blend in to their surroundings and avoid.being eaten are able to survive longer, reproduce, and.thus increase their fitness (pass along their genes to.the next generation) compared to those who stand.out more. This may seem like a good strategy, and.fairly common in the animal kingdom, but who ever.heard of a plant doing the same thing?.In plants, the use of coloration or pigmentation as.a vital component of acquiring food (e.g.,.photosynthesis) or as a means of attracting.pollinators (e.g., flowers) has been well studied..However, variation in pigmentation as a means of.escaping predation has received little attention..Matthew Klooster from Harvard University and.colleagues empirically investigated whether the dried.bracts (specialized leaves) on a rare woodland plant,.Monotropsis odorata, might serve a similar purpose.as the stripes on a tiger or the grey coloration of the.wings of the peppered moth: namely, to hide..\u201cMonotropsis odoratais a fascinating plant.species, as it relies exclusively upon mycorrhizal.fungus, that associates with its roots, for all of the.resources it needs to live,\u201d notes Klooster. \u201cBecause.this plant no longer requires photosynthetic.pigmentation (i.e., green coloration) to produce its.own energy, it is free to adopt a broader range of.possibilities in coloration, much like fungi or.animals.\u201d.Using a large population ofMonotropsis odorata,.Klooster and colleagues experimentally removed the.dried bracts that cover the 3- to 5-cm tall stems and.flower buds of these woodland plants. The bracts are.a brown color that resembles the leaf litter from.which the reproductive stems emerge and cover the.pinkish-purple colored buds and deep purple stems..When Klooster and colleagues measured the.reflectance pattern (the percentage of light reflected.at various wavelengths) of the different plant parts,.they indeed found that the bracts functioned as.camouflage, making the plant blend in with its.surroundings; the bract reflectance pattern closely.resembled that of the leaf litter, and both differed.from that of the reproductive stem and flowers.hidden underneath the bracts. Furthermore, they.experimentally demonstrated that this camouflage.actually worked to hide the plant from its predators.and increased its fitness. Individuals with intact.bracts suffered only a quarter of the herbivore.damage and produced a higher percentage of mature.fruits compared to those whose bracts were removed..\u201cIt has long been shown that animals use cryptic.coloration (camouflage) as a defense mechanism to.visually match a component of their natural.environment, which facilitates predator avoidance,\u201d.Klooster said. \u201cWe have now experimentally.demonstrated that plants have evolved a similar.strategy to avoid their herbivores.\u201d.Drying its bracts early to hide its reproductive.parts is a good strategy when the stems are exposed.to predators for long periods of time: all the other.species in the subfamily Monotropoideae have.colorful fleshy bracts and are reproductively active.for only a quarter of the length of time. Somewhat.paradoxically, however,Monotropsis odorataactually.relies on animals for pollination and seed dispersal..How does it accomplish this when it is disguised as.dead leaf material and is able to hide so well? The.authors hypothesize that the flowers emit highly.fragrant odors that serve to attract pollinators and.seed dispersal agents; indeed they observed bumble.bees finding and pollinating many reproductive.stems that were entirely hidden by the leaf litter itself.\nQuestion: It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage thatthe nutrient requirements of many plants have the consequence of\n A. exaggerating the plants\u2019 coloration patterns.\n B. limiting the plants\u2019 defensive options.\n C. increasing the plants\u2019 energy consumption.\n D. narrowing the plants\u2019 potential habitats.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:175"}
{"index": 154, "query": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: A primary purpose of Parsons\u2019s speech is to\n A. discuss a political philosophy that is starting to lose favor.\n B. outline a new approach to meeting the needs of oppressed groups.\n C. provide a rationale for adopting a different ideology.\n D. bring to light inconsistencies within the current political system.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: A primary purpose of Parsons\u2019s speech is to\n A. discuss a political philosophy that is starting to lose favor.\n B. outline a new approach to meeting the needs of oppressed groups.\n C. provide a rationale for adopting a different ideology.\n D. bring to light inconsistencies within the current political system.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: A primary purpose of Parsons\u2019s speech is to\n A. discuss a political philosophy that is starting to lose favor.\n B. outline a new approach to meeting the needs of oppressed groups.\n C. provide a rationale for adopting a different ideology.\n D. bring to light inconsistencies within the current political system.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "I think I cannot open my address more.appropriately than by stating my experience in my.long connection with the reform movement..It was during the great railroad strike of 1877 that.I first became interested in what is known as the.\u201cLabor Question.\u201d^1 I then thought as many thousands.of earnest, sincere people think, that the aggregate.power operating in human society, known as.government, could be made an instrument in the.hands of the oppressed to alleviate their sufferings..But a closer study of the origin, history and tendency.of governments convinced me that this was a mistake..I came to understand how organized governments.used their concentrated power to retard progress by.their ever-ready means of silencing the voice of.discontent if raised in vigorous protest against the.machinations of the scheming few, who always did,.always will and always must rule in the councils of.nations where majority rule is recognized as the only.means of adjusting the affairs of the people..I came to understand that such concentrated.power can be always wielded in the interest of the few.and at the expense of the many. Government in its.last analysis is this power reduced to a science..Governments never lead; they follow progress. When.the prison, stake or scaffold can no longer silence the.voice of the protesting minority, progress moves on a.step, but not until then..I will state this contention in another way: I.learned by close study that it made no difference what.fair promises a political party, out of power, might.make to the people in order to secure their.confidence, when once securely established in control.of the affairs of society; that they were after all but.human with all the human attributes of the politician..Among these are: First, to remain in power at all.hazards; if not individually, then those holding.essentially the same views as the administration must.be kept in control. Second, in order to keep in power,.it is necessary to build up a powerful machine; one.strong enough to crush all opposition and silence all.vigorous murmurs of discontent, or the party.machine might be smashed and the party thereby lose.control..When I came to realize the faults, failings,.shortcomings, aspirations and ambitions of fallible.man, I concluded that it would not be the safest nor.best policy for society, as a whole, to entrust the.management of all its affairs, with all their manifold.deviations and ramifications in the hands of finite.man, to be managed by the party which happened to.come into power, and therefore was the majority.party, nor did it then, nor does it now make one.particle of difference to me what a party out of power.may promise; it does not tend to allay my fears of.[what] a party, when entrenched and securely seated.in power might do to crush opposition, and silence.the voice of the minority, and thus retard the onward.step of progress..My mind is appalled at the thought of a political.party having control of all the details that go to make.up the sum total of our lives. Think of it for an.instant, that the party in power shall have all.authority to dictate the kind of books that shall be.used in our schools and universities; government.officials editing, printing, and circulating our.literature, histories, magazines and press, to say.nothing of the thousand and one activities of life that.a people engage in, in a civilized society..To my mind, the struggle for liberty is too great.and the few steps we have gained have been won at.too great a sacrifice, for the great mass of the people.of this twentieth century to consent to turn over to.any political party the management of our social and.industrial affairs. For all who are at all familiar with.history know that men will abuse power when they.possess it. For these and other reasons, I, after careful.study, and not through sentiment, turned from a.sincere, earnest, political Socialist^2 to the non-.political phase of Socialism\u2014Anarchism^3 \u2014because.in its philosophy I believe I can find the proper.conditions for the fullest development of the.individual units in society, which can never be the.case under government restrictions..(^1) The question of how to preserve the rights of the worker in an.industrial society.(^2) One who espouses a belief that the production and distribution of.goods should be controlled by the government.(^3) A belief that opposes any form of authority in society\nQuestion: A primary purpose of Parsons\u2019s speech is to\n A. discuss a political philosophy that is starting to lose favor.\n B. outline a new approach to meeting the needs of oppressed groups.\n C. provide a rationale for adopting a different ideology.\n D. bring to light inconsistencies within the current political system.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:154"}
{"index": 79, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence?\n A. Neither sex would feel oppressed.\n B. Both sexes would be greatly harmed.\n C. Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.\n D. Men and women would have privileges they do not need.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence?\n A. Neither sex would feel oppressed.\n B. Both sexes would be greatly harmed.\n C. Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.\n D. Men and women would have privileges they do not need.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence?\n A. Neither sex would feel oppressed.\n B. Both sexes would be greatly harmed.\n C. Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.\n D. Men and women would have privileges they do not need.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Tocqueville implies that treatment of men and women as identical in nature would have which consequence?\n A. Neither sex would feel oppressed.\n B. Both sexes would be greatly harmed.\n C. Men would try to reclaim their lost authority.\n D. Men and women would have privileges they do not need.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:79"}
{"index": 41, "query": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: As presented in the passage, Mrs. Quabarl is best described as\n A. superficially kind but actually selfish.\n B. outwardly imposing but easily defied.\n C. socially successful but irrationally bitter.\n D. naturally generous but frequently imprudent.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: As presented in the passage, Mrs. Quabarl is best described as\n A. superficially kind but actually selfish.\n B. outwardly imposing but easily defied.\n C. socially successful but irrationally bitter.\n D. naturally generous but frequently imprudent.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: As presented in the passage, Mrs. Quabarl is best described as\n A. superficially kind but actually selfish.\n B. outwardly imposing but easily defied.\n C. socially successful but irrationally bitter.\n D. naturally generous but frequently imprudent.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: As presented in the passage, Mrs. Quabarl is best described as\n A. superficially kind but actually selfish.\n B. outwardly imposing but easily defied.\n C. socially successful but irrationally bitter.\n D. naturally generous but frequently imprudent.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:41"}
{"index": 168, "query": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, it is most reasonable to infer thatCelia knows the answer to which question about the narrator\u2019s family before the narrator visits her apartment?\n A. How many children does the narrator have?\n B. Where does the narrator\u2019s daughter go to school?\n C. What is the narrator\u2019s profession?\n D. How long have the narrator and her family lived in the United States?\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, it is most reasonable to infer thatCelia knows the answer to which question about the narrator\u2019s family before the narrator visits her apartment?\n A. How many children does the narrator have?\n B. Where does the narrator\u2019s daughter go to school?\n C. What is the narrator\u2019s profession?\n D. How long have the narrator and her family lived in the United States?\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, it is most reasonable to infer thatCelia knows the answer to which question about the narrator\u2019s family before the narrator visits her apartment?\n A. How many children does the narrator have?\n B. Where does the narrator\u2019s daughter go to school?\n C. What is the narrator\u2019s profession?\n D. How long have the narrator and her family lived in the United States?\nAnswer:", "full_text": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: Based on the passage, it is most reasonable to infer thatCelia knows the answer to which question about the narrator\u2019s family before the narrator visits her apartment?\n A. How many children does the narrator have?\n B. Where does the narrator\u2019s daughter go to school?\n C. What is the narrator\u2019s profession?\n D. How long have the narrator and her family lived in the United States?\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:168"}
{"index": 166, "query": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which fact about Celia\u2019s neighbors does the narrator know before she visits Celia\u2019s apartment?\n A. Micho Alvarez and Benny Quinto are close friends.\n B. Benny Quinto once studied to be a priest.\n C. Micho Alvarez has a sensitive side.\n D. Quisqueya dyes her hair.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which fact about Celia\u2019s neighbors does the narrator know before she visits Celia\u2019s apartment?\n A. Micho Alvarez and Benny Quinto are close friends.\n B. Benny Quinto once studied to be a priest.\n C. Micho Alvarez has a sensitive side.\n D. Quisqueya dyes her hair.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which fact about Celia\u2019s neighbors does the narrator know before she visits Celia\u2019s apartment?\n A. Micho Alvarez and Benny Quinto are close friends.\n B. Benny Quinto once studied to be a priest.\n C. Micho Alvarez has a sensitive side.\n D. Quisqueya dyes her hair.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "This passage is adapted from Cristina Henr\u00edquez,The Book of.Unknown Americans. \u00a92014 by Cristina Henr\u00edquez..One afternoon I made chicharrones and carried.them over to Celia\u2019s apartment..She clapped her hands together in delight when.she saw me and motioned for me to come inside..\u201cThese are for you,\u201d I said, holding out a foil-.covered plate..She lifted a corner of the foil and sniffed..\u201cSabroso,\u201d she said..I loved how full her home felt, embroidered.pillows on the couches, a curio stacked with milk.glass bowls and recuerdos and folded tablecloths, red.votives along the windowsills, spidery potted plants,.woven rugs, unframed posters of Panam\u00e1 beaches on.the walls, a box of rinsed bottles on the floor, a small.radio on top of the refrigerator, a plastic bag filled.with garlic hanging from a doorknob, a collection of.spices clustered on a platter on the counter. The great.accumulation of things almost hid the cracks in the.walls and the stains on the floor and the scratches.that clouded the windows..\u201cMi casa es tu casa,\u201d Celia joked as I looked.around. \u201cIsn\u2019t that what the Americans say?\u201d.She poured cold, crackling Coca-Colas for both of.us, and we sat on the couch, sipping them and taking.small bites of the chicharrones. She looked just as she.had the first time I met her: impeccably pulled.together, with a face full of makeup, fuchsia lips,.chestnut-brown chin-length hair curled at the ends.and tucked neatly behind her ears, small gold.earrings. So unlike most of my friends at home, who.used nothing but soap on their faces and aloe on.their hands and who kept their hair pulled into.ponytails, like mine, or simply combed after it had.been washed and left to air-dry..Celia told me about the provisions we would need.for winter\u2014heavy coats and a stack of comforters.and something called long underwear that made me.laugh when she tried to describe it\u2014and about a.place called the Community House where they.offered immigrant services if we needed them. She.gossiped about people in the building. She told me.that Micho Alvarez, who she claimed always wore his.camera around his neck, had a sensitive side, despite.the fact that he might look big and burly, and that.Benny Quinto, who was close friends with Micho,.had studied to be a priest years ago. She said that.Quisqueya dyed her hair, which was hardly.news\u2014I had assumed as much when I met her. \u201cIt\u2019s.the most unnatural shade of red,\u201d Celia said. \u201cRafael.says it looks like she dumped a pot of tomato sauce.on her head.\u201d She chortled. \u201cQuisqueya is a.busybody, but it\u2019s only because she\u2019s so insecure. She.doesn\u2019t know how to connect with people. Don\u2019t let.her put you off.\u201d.Celia began telling me about when she and Rafael.and her boys had come here from Panam\u00e1, fifteen.years ago, after the invasion..\u201cSo your son, he was born there?\u201d I asked..\u201cI have two boys,\u201d she said. \u201cBoth of them were.born there. Enrique, my oldest, is away at college on.a soccer scholarship. And there\u2019s Mayor, who you.met. He\u2019s nothing at all like his brother. Rafa thinks.we might have taken the wrong baby home from the.hospital.\u201d She forced a smile. \u201cJust a joke, of course.\u201d.She stood and lifted a framed picture from the.end table. \u201cThis is from last summer before Enrique.went back to school,\u201d she said, handing it to me..\u201cMicho took it for us.\u201d.In the photo were two boys: Mayor, whom I.recognized from the store, small for his age with.dark, buzzed hair and sparkling eyes, and Enrique,.who stood next to his brother with his arms crossed,.the faint shadow of a mustache above his lip..\u201cWhat about you?\u201d Celia asked. \u201cDo you have.other children besides your daughter?\u201d.\u201cOnly her,\u201d I said, glancing at my hands around.the glass. The perspiration from the ice had left a ring.of water on the thigh of my pants..\u201cAnd she\u2019s going...\u201dCelia trailed off, as though.she didn\u2019t want to say it out loud..\u201cTo Evers.\u201d.Celia nodded. She looked like she didn\u2019t know.what to say next, and I felt a mixture of.embarrassment and indignation..\u201cIt\u2019s temporary,\u201d I said. \u201cShe only has to go there.for a year or two.\u201d.\u201cYou don\u2019t have to explain it to me.\u201d.\u201cShe\u2019s going to get better.\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve heard it\u2019s a good school.\u201d.\u201cI hope so. It\u2019s why we came.\u201d.Celia gazed at me for a long time before she said,.\u201cWhen we left Panam\u00e1, it was falling apart. Rafa and.I thought it would be better for the boys to grow up.here. Even though Panam\u00e1 was where we had spent.our whole lives. It\u2019s amazing, isn\u2019t it, what parents.will do for their children?\u201d.She put her hand on mine. A benediction. From.then, we were friends.\nQuestion: According to the passage, which fact about Celia\u2019s neighbors does the narrator know before she visits Celia\u2019s apartment?\n A. Micho Alvarez and Benny Quinto are close friends.\n B. Benny Quinto once studied to be a priest.\n C. Micho Alvarez has a sensitive side.\n D. Quisqueya dyes her hair.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:166"}
{"index": 75, "query": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: In describing the relationship between Eppie and Silas, the narrator draws a connection between Eppie's\n A. physical vulnerability and Silas's emotional fragility.\n B. expanding awareness and Silas's increasing engagement with life.\n C. boundless energy and Silas's insatiable desire for wealth.\n D. physical growth and Silas's painful perception of his own mortality.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: In describing the relationship between Eppie and Silas, the narrator draws a connection between Eppie's\n A. physical vulnerability and Silas's emotional fragility.\n B. expanding awareness and Silas's increasing engagement with life.\n C. boundless energy and Silas's insatiable desire for wealth.\n D. physical growth and Silas's painful perception of his own mortality.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: In describing the relationship between Eppie and Silas, the narrator draws a connection between Eppie's\n A. physical vulnerability and Silas's emotional fragility.\n B. expanding awareness and Silas's increasing engagement with life.\n C. boundless energy and Silas's insatiable desire for wealth.\n D. physical growth and Silas's painful perception of his own mortality.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: In describing the relationship between Eppie and Silas, the narrator draws a connection between Eppie's\n A. physical vulnerability and Silas's emotional fragility.\n B. expanding awareness and Silas's increasing engagement with life.\n C. boundless energy and Silas's insatiable desire for wealth.\n D. physical growth and Silas's painful perception of his own mortality.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:75"}
{"index": 92, "query": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss findings that offer a scientific explanation for the Venus flytrap's closing action.\n B. present research that suggests that the Venus flytrap's predatory behavior is both complex and unique among plants.\n C. identify the process by which the Venus flytrap's closing action has evolved.\n D. provide a brief overview of the Venus flytrap and its predatory behavior.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss findings that offer a scientific explanation for the Venus flytrap's closing action.\n B. present research that suggests that the Venus flytrap's predatory behavior is both complex and unique among plants.\n C. identify the process by which the Venus flytrap's closing action has evolved.\n D. provide a brief overview of the Venus flytrap and its predatory behavior.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss findings that offer a scientific explanation for the Venus flytrap's closing action.\n B. present research that suggests that the Venus flytrap's predatory behavior is both complex and unique among plants.\n C. identify the process by which the Venus flytrap's closing action has evolved.\n D. provide a brief overview of the Venus flytrap and its predatory behavior.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: The primary purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss findings that offer a scientific explanation for the Venus flytrap's closing action.\n B. present research that suggests that the Venus flytrap's predatory behavior is both complex and unique among plants.\n C. identify the process by which the Venus flytrap's closing action has evolved.\n D. provide a brief overview of the Venus flytrap and its predatory behavior.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:92"}
{"index": 19, "query": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of the people at the train station regard Miss Spivey's comment about the Georgia heat with\n A. sympathy, because they assume that she is experiencing intense heat for the first time.\n B. disappointment, because they doubt that she will stay in Threestep for very long.\n C. embarrassment, because they imagine that she is superior to them.\n D. resentment, because they feel that she is minimizing their discomfort.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of the people at the train station regard Miss Spivey's comment about the Georgia heat with\n A. sympathy, because they assume that she is experiencing intense heat for the first time.\n B. disappointment, because they doubt that she will stay in Threestep for very long.\n C. embarrassment, because they imagine that she is superior to them.\n D. resentment, because they feel that she is minimizing their discomfort.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of the people at the train station regard Miss Spivey's comment about the Georgia heat with\n A. sympathy, because they assume that she is experiencing intense heat for the first time.\n B. disappointment, because they doubt that she will stay in Threestep for very long.\n C. embarrassment, because they imagine that she is superior to them.\n D. resentment, because they feel that she is minimizing their discomfort.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Miss Grace Spivey arrived in Threestep, Georgia, in August 1938. She stepped off the train wearing a pair of thick-soled boots suitable for hiking, a navyblue dress, and a little white tam that rode the wavesof her red hair at a gravity-defying angle. August was a hellish month to step off the train in Georgia, although it was nothing, she said, compared to the 119 degrees that greeted her when she arrived one time in Timbuktu, which, she assured us, was a real 10 place in Africa. I believe her remark irritated some of the people gathered to welcome her on the burned grass alongside the tracks. When folks are sweating through their shorts, they don't like to hear that this is nothing compared to someplace else. Irritated or15 not, the majority of those present were inclined to see the arrival of the new schoolteacher in a positive light. Hard times were still upon us in 1938, but, like my momma said, \"We weren't no poorer than we'd ever been,\" and the citizens of Threestep were in the 20 mood for a little excitement.Miss Spivey looked like just the right person to give it to them. She was, by almost anyone's standards, a woman of the world. She'd gone to boarding schools since she was six years old; she'd 25 studied French in Paris and drama in London; and during what she called a \"fruitful intermission\" in her formal education, she had traveled extensively in the Near East and Africa with a friend of her grandmother's, one Janet Miller, who was a medical30 doctor from Nashville, Tennessee. After her travels with Dr. Miller, Miss Spivey continued her education by attending Barnard College in New York City. She told us all that at school the first day. When my little brother Ralphord asked what did she study at35 Barnyard College, Miss Spivey explained that Barnard, which she wrote on the blackboard, was the sister school of Columbia University, of which, she expected, we all had heard.It was there, she told us, in the midst of trying to 40 find her true mission in life, that she wandered one afternoon into a lecture by the famous John Dewey, who was talking about his famous book, Democracy and Education. Professor Dewey was in his seventies by then, Miss Spivey said, but he still liked to chat45 with students after a lecture-especially female students, she added-sometimes over coffee, and see in their eyes the fire his words could kindle. It was after this lecture and subsequent coffee that Miss Spivey had marched to the Teacher's College and 50 signed up, all aflame. Two years later, she told a cheery blue-suited woman from the $\\mathrm{WPA}^{1}$ that she wanted to bring democracy and education to the poorest, darkest, most remote and forgotten corner of America.55 They sent her to Threestep, Georgia.Miss Spivey paused there for questions, avoiding my brother Ralphord's eye.What we really wanted to know about-all twenty-six of us across seven grade levels in the one 60 room-was the pearly white button hanging on a string in front of the blackboard behind the teacher's desk up front. That button on a string was something new. When Mavis Davis (the only bona fide seventh grader, at age thirteen) asked what it was for, Miss65 Spivey gave the string a tug, and to our astonishment, the whole world-or at least a wrinkled map of it-unfolded before our eyes. Her predecessor, Miss Chandler, had never once made use of that map, which was older than our fathers, and until that70 moment, not a one of us knew it was there.Miss Spivey showed us on the map how she and Dr. Janet Miller had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and past the Rock of Gibraltar into theMediterranean Sea. Using the end of a ruler, she75 gently tapped such places as Morocco and Tunis and Algiers to mark their route along the top of Africa. They spent twenty hours on the train to Baghdad, she said, swathed in veils against the sand that crept in every crack and crevice.80 \"And can you guess what we saw from the train?\" Miss Spivey asked. We could not. \"Camels!\" she said. \"We saw a whole caravan of camels.\" She looked around the room, waiting for us to be amazed and delighted at the thought.85 We all hung there for a minute, thinking hard, until Mavis Davis spoke up.\"She means like the three kings rode to Bethlehem,\" Mavis said, and she folded her hands smugly on her seventh-grade desk in the back of the 90 room.Miss Spivey made a mistake right then. Instead of beaming upon Mavis the kind of congratulatory smile that old Miss Chandler would have bestowed on her for having enlightened the rest of us, Miss95 Spivey simply said, \"That's right.\"1 The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government agency that hired people for public and cultural development projects and services.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of the people at the train station regard Miss Spivey's comment about the Georgia heat with\n A. sympathy, because they assume that she is experiencing intense heat for the first time.\n B. disappointment, because they doubt that she will stay in Threestep for very long.\n C. embarrassment, because they imagine that she is superior to them.\n D. resentment, because they feel that she is minimizing their discomfort.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:19"}
{"index": 37, "query": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the passage?\n A. A woman weighs the positive and negative aspects of accepting a new job.\n B. A woman does not correct a stranger who mistakes her for someone else.\n C. A woman impersonates someone else to seek revenge on an acquaintance.\n D. A woman takes an immediate dislike to her new employer.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the passage?\n A. A woman weighs the positive and negative aspects of accepting a new job.\n B. A woman does not correct a stranger who mistakes her for someone else.\n C. A woman impersonates someone else to seek revenge on an acquaintance.\n D. A woman takes an immediate dislike to her new employer.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the passage?\n A. A woman weighs the positive and negative aspects of accepting a new job.\n B. A woman does not correct a stranger who mistakes her for someone else.\n C. A woman impersonates someone else to seek revenge on an acquaintance.\n D. A woman takes an immediate dislike to her new employer.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Lady Carlotta stepped out on to the platform of the small wayside station and took a turn or two up and down its uninteresting length, to kill time till the  train should be pleased to proceed on its way. Then,in the roadway beyond, she saw a horse struggling with a more than ample load, and a carter of the sort that seems to bear a sullen hatred against the animal that helps him to earn a living. Lady Carlotta promptly betook her to the roadway, and put rather a 10 different complexion on the struggle. Certain of her acquaintances were wont to give her plentiful admonition as to the undesirability of interfering on behalf of a distressed animal, such interference being \"none of her business.\" Only once had she put the 1 doctrine of non-interference into practice, when one of its most eloquent exponents had been besieged for nearly three hours in a small and extremely uncomfortable may-tree by an angry boar-pig, while Lady Carlotta, on the other side of the fence, had20 proceeded with the water-colour sketch she was engaged on, and refused to interfere between the boar and his prisoner. It is to be feared that she lost the friendship of the ultimately rescued lady. On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to 25 the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her.30 She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on \"by another train.\" Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a 35 prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks.\"You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet,\" said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument.\"Very well, if I must I must,\" said Lady Carlotta to 40 herself with dangerous meekness.\"I am Mrs. Quabarl,\" continued the lady; \"and where, pray, is your luggage?\"\"It's gone astray,\" said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent 45 are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. \"I've just telegraphed about it,\" she added, with a nearer approach to truth.\"How provoking,\" said Mrs. Quabarl; \"these 50 railway companies are so careless. However, my maid can lend you things for the night,\" and she led the way to her car.During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the 55 nature of the charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally60 commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century.\"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT,\" said Mrs. Quabarl, \"but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to65 make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory. French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week.\"70 \"I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three.\"\"Russian? My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian.\"\"That will not embarrass me in the least,\" said 75 Lady Carlotta coldly.Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not80 seriously opposed. The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic. When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly85 alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his 90 heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.\nQuestion: Which choice best summarizes the passage?\n A. A woman weighs the positive and negative aspects of accepting a new job.\n B. A woman does not correct a stranger who mistakes her for someone else.\n C. A woman impersonates someone else to seek revenge on an acquaintance.\n D. A woman takes an immediate dislike to her new employer.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 85, "query": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: done\") The narrator indicates that he pays Sempere\n A. less than Sempere expects him to pay for the books.\n B. nothing, because Sempere won't take his money.\n C. the money he makes selling sweets to the other children.\n D. much less for the books than they are worth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: done\") The narrator indicates that he pays Sempere\n A. less than Sempere expects him to pay for the books.\n B. nothing, because Sempere won't take his money.\n C. the money he makes selling sweets to the other children.\n D. much less for the books than they are worth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: done\") The narrator indicates that he pays Sempere\n A. less than Sempere expects him to pay for the books.\n B. nothing, because Sempere won't take his money.\n C. the money he makes selling sweets to the other children.\n D. much less for the books than they are worth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Even then my only friends were made of paper and ink. At school I had learned to read and write long before the other children. Where my school  friends saw notches of ink on incomprehensiblepages, I saw light, streets, and people. Words and the mystery of their hidden science fascinated me, and I saw in them a key with which I could unlock a boundless world, a safe haven from that home, those streets, and those troubled days in which even Icould sense that only a limited fortune awaited me. My father didn't like to see books in the house. There was something about them-apart from the letters he could not decipher-that offended him. He used to tell me that as soon as I was ten he would 15 send me off to work and that I'd better get rid of all my scatterbrained ideas if I didn't want to end up a loser, a nobody. I used to hide my books under the mattress and wait for him to go out or fall asleep so that I could read. Once he caught me reading at night20 and flew into a rage. He tore the book from my hands and flung it out of the window.\"If I catch you wasting electricity again, reading all this nonsense, you'll be sorry.\"My father was not a miser and, despite the 25 hardships we suffered, whenever he could he gave me a few coins so that I could buy myself some treats like the other children. He was convinced that I spent them on licorice sticks, sunflower seeds, or sweets, but I would keep them in a coffee tin under the bed, 30 and when I'd collected four or five reales I'd secretly rush out to buy myself a book.My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere \\& Sons bookshop on Calle Santa Ana. It smelled of old paper and dust and it was my35 sanctuary, my refuge. The bookseller would let me sit on a chair in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart's content. He hardly ever allowed me to pay for the books he placed in my hands, but when he wasn't looking I'd leave the coins I'd managed to 40 collect on the counter before I left. It was only small change-if I'd had to buy a book with that pittance, I would probably have been able to afford only a booklet of cigarette papers. When it was time for me to leave, I would do so dragging my feet, a weight on $45 \\mathrm{my}$ soul. If it had been up to me, I would have stayed there forever.One Christmas Sempere gave me the best gift I have ever received. It was an old volume, read and experienced to the full.50 \"Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens,\" I read on the cover.I was aware that Sempere knew a few authors who frequented his establishment and, judging by the care with which he handled the volume, I thought 55 perhaps this Mr. Dickens was one of them.\"A friend of yours?\"\"A lifelong friend. And from now on, he's your friend too.\" That afternoon I took my new friend home, 60 hidden under my clothes so that my father wouldn't see it. It was a rainy winter, with days as gray as lead, and I read Great Expectations about nine times, partly because I had no other book at hand, partly because I did not think there could be a better one in 65 the whole world and I was beginning to suspect that Mr. Dickens had written it just for me. Soon I was convinced that I didn't want to do anything else in life but learn to do what Mr. Dickens had done.\nQuestion: done\") The narrator indicates that he pays Sempere\n A. less than Sempere expects him to pay for the books.\n B. nothing, because Sempere won't take his money.\n C. the money he makes selling sweets to the other children.\n D. much less for the books than they are worth.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:85"}
{"index": 106, "query": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: In the passage, Smith argues that it is possible for women to engage in which activity?\n A. Acting according to humanitarian principles while preserving their femininity\n B. Adhering to personal morality while being politically neutral\n C. Contributing to their family's financial security while meeting social expectations\n D. Resisting calls for war while still opposing slavery\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: In the passage, Smith argues that it is possible for women to engage in which activity?\n A. Acting according to humanitarian principles while preserving their femininity\n B. Adhering to personal morality while being politically neutral\n C. Contributing to their family's financial security while meeting social expectations\n D. Resisting calls for war while still opposing slavery\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: In the passage, Smith argues that it is possible for women to engage in which activity?\n A. Acting according to humanitarian principles while preserving their femininity\n B. Adhering to personal morality while being politically neutral\n C. Contributing to their family's financial security while meeting social expectations\n D. Resisting calls for war while still opposing slavery\nAnswer:", "full_text": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: In the passage, Smith argues that it is possible for women to engage in which activity?\n A. Acting according to humanitarian principles while preserving their femininity\n B. Adhering to personal morality while being politically neutral\n C. Contributing to their family's financial security while meeting social expectations\n D. Resisting calls for war while still opposing slavery\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:106"}
{"index": 35, "query": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: According to the table, in which soil sample disturbed in darkness did the fewest number of seedlings emerge?\n A. Sample $A$\n B. Sample B\n C. Sample C\n D. Sample D\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: According to the table, in which soil sample disturbed in darkness did the fewest number of seedlings emerge?\n A. Sample $A$\n B. Sample B\n C. Sample C\n D. Sample D\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: According to the table, in which soil sample disturbed in darkness did the fewest number of seedlings emerge?\n A. Sample $A$\n B. Sample B\n C. Sample C\n D. Sample D\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Many millennia before the invention of herbicides, farmers simply plowed their fields to control weeds. Even today, plowing can constitute a  valuable part of an integrated weed-management 5 program. Although plowing kills standing weeds, farmers have long known that it often leads to the emergence of new weed seedlings in a few weeks.Ecologists have shown that a farmer's field can have 50,000 or more weed seeds per square meter 10 buried beneath the soil surface. Plant physiologists have shown that seeds buried more than about one centimeter below the soil surface do not receive enough light to germinate. Do the blades of a plow, which can reach more than a foot beneath the soil15 surface, bring some of these buried seeds to the surface where their germination is induced by exposure to sunlight?Two ecologists, Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, began to study this question in the 1960s. In a 20 relatively simple experiment, they went to ten different habitats in Wisconsin during the night and collected pairs of soil samples. They stirred up the soil in one sample of each pair in the light and stirred up the other sample of each pair in the dark. They then25 exposed all ten pairs to natural sunlight in a greenhouse. For nine of the ten pairs of soil samples, weed growth was greater in the samples stirred up in light. They concluded that soil disturbance gives weed seeds a \"light break,\" and this stimulates their 30 germination.More recently, Karl Hartmann of Erlangen University in Germany reasoned that when farmers plowed their fields during the day, the buried weed seeds are briefly exposed to sunlight as the soil is35 turned over, and that this stimulates their germination. Although the light exposures from plowing may be less than one millisecond, that can be enough to induce seed germination. Thus the germination of weed seeds would be minimized if40 farmers simply plowed their fields during the night, when the photon fluence rate [the rate at which photons hit the surface] is below $10^{15}$ photons per square meter per second. Although even under these conditions hundreds of millions of photons strike 45 each square millimeter of ground each second, this illumination is below the threshold needed to stimulate the germination of most seeds.Hartmann says that he was very skeptical when he first came up with this idea because he assumed 50 that such a simple method of weed control as plowing at nighttime must be ineffective or it would have been discovered long ago. But the subsequent experiments, first presented at a 1989 scientific meeting in Freiburg, Germany, clearly demonstrated 55 that the method can be effective.Hartmann tested his idea by plowing two agricultural strips near Altershausen, Germany. The farmer Karl Seydel cultivated one strip, repeated threefold, at around midday and the other strip60 at night. No crops were planted in these pilot experiments, to avoid possible competition with the emerging weeds. The results were dramatic. More than 80 percent of the surface of the field plowed in daylight was covered by weeds, whereas 65 only about 2 percent of the field plowed at night was covered by weeds.This method of weed control is currently being used by several farmers in Germany. Because many of the same weed species that invade farmers' fields70 in Germany also invade fields elsewhere in the world, this method should be successful elsewhere. In fact, recent studies at universities in Nebraska, Oregon, Minnesota, Denmark, Sweden, and Argentina support this idea. Number of Emerged Seedlings in Soil Samples One Month after Soil Was Disturbed\\begin{center}\\begin{tabular}{|c|l|c|c|}\\hline\\multirow{2}{*}{Sample} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Source of soil} & \\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{$\\begin{array}{c}\\text { Number of emerged } \\\\\\text { seedlings in soil } \\\\\\text { disturbed in }\\end{array}$} \\\\\\cline { 3 - 4 }&  & light & darkness &  \\\\\\hlineA & deciduous woods & 4 & 0 &  \\\\\\hlineB & deciduous woods & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineC & deciduous woods & 6 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineD & conifer plantation & 8 & 3 &  \\\\\\hlineE & conifer plantation & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineF & tall-grass prairie &  & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineG & old pasture & 0 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineH & old pasture & 2 & 1 &  \\\\\\hlineI & muck field & 14 & 2 &  \\\\\\hlineJ & muck field & 5 & 3 &  \\\\\\hline\\end{tabular}\\end{center}Adapted from Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik, \"A Possible Ecological Relation between Soil Disturbance, Light-Flash, and Seed Germination.\" @1964 by Jonathan Sauer and Gwendolyn Struik.\nQuestion: According to the table, in which soil sample disturbed in darkness did the fewest number of seedlings emerge?\n A. Sample $A$\n B. Sample B\n C. Sample C\n D. Sample D\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:35"}
{"index": 69, "query": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: According to the passage, when compared to mental athletes, the individuals in the control group in Maguire's second study\n A. showed less brain activity overall.\n B. demonstrated a wider range of cognitive ability.\n C. exhibited different patterns of brain activity.\n D. displayed noticeably smaller hippocampal regions.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: According to the passage, when compared to mental athletes, the individuals in the control group in Maguire's second study\n A. showed less brain activity overall.\n B. demonstrated a wider range of cognitive ability.\n C. exhibited different patterns of brain activity.\n D. displayed noticeably smaller hippocampal regions.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: According to the passage, when compared to mental athletes, the individuals in the control group in Maguire's second study\n A. showed less brain activity overall.\n B. demonstrated a wider range of cognitive ability.\n C. exhibited different patterns of brain activity.\n D. displayed noticeably smaller hippocampal regions.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: According to the passage, when compared to mental athletes, the individuals in the control group in Maguire's second study\n A. showed less brain activity overall.\n B. demonstrated a wider range of cognitive ability.\n C. exhibited different patterns of brain activity.\n D. displayed noticeably smaller hippocampal regions.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:69"}
{"index": 124, "query": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: Which claim from the passage is best supported bythe graph?\n A. The median population of cities in developing countries grew more sharply from 1960 to 2010 than did that of cities in high-income countries.\n B. In 1960, more than half of the countries with the largest average city size were high-income countries.\n C. The addition of 100,000 people in a large city causes an increase in economic growth in high-income countries but causes a decrease in economic growth in developing countries.\n D. Developing countries benefit from having more of the urban population living in smaller and medium-sized cities.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: Which claim from the passage is best supported bythe graph?\n A. The median population of cities in developing countries grew more sharply from 1960 to 2010 than did that of cities in high-income countries.\n B. In 1960, more than half of the countries with the largest average city size were high-income countries.\n C. The addition of 100,000 people in a large city causes an increase in economic growth in high-income countries but causes a decrease in economic growth in developing countries.\n D. Developing countries benefit from having more of the urban population living in smaller and medium-sized cities.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: Which claim from the passage is best supported bythe graph?\n A. The median population of cities in developing countries grew more sharply from 1960 to 2010 than did that of cities in high-income countries.\n B. In 1960, more than half of the countries with the largest average city size were high-income countries.\n C. The addition of 100,000 people in a large city causes an increase in economic growth in high-income countries but causes a decrease in economic growth in developing countries.\n D. Developing countries benefit from having more of the urban population living in smaller and medium-sized cities.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: Which claim from the passage is best supported bythe graph?\n A. The median population of cities in developing countries grew more sharply from 1960 to 2010 than did that of cities in high-income countries.\n B. In 1960, more than half of the countries with the largest average city size were high-income countries.\n C. The addition of 100,000 people in a large city causes an increase in economic growth in high-income countries but causes a decrease in economic growth in developing countries.\n D. Developing countries benefit from having more of the urban population living in smaller and medium-sized cities.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:124"}
{"index": 72, "query": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: As compared with Silas's gold, Eppie is portrayed as having more\n A. vitality.\n B. durability.\n C. protection.\n D. self-sufficiency.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: As compared with Silas's gold, Eppie is portrayed as having more\n A. vitality.\n B. durability.\n C. protection.\n D. self-sufficiency.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: As compared with Silas's gold, Eppie is portrayed as having more\n A. vitality.\n B. durability.\n C. protection.\n D. self-sufficiency.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: As compared with Silas's gold, Eppie is portrayed as having more\n A. vitality.\n B. durability.\n C. protection.\n D. self-sufficiency.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:72"}
{"index": 81, "query": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Both authors would most likely agree that the changes in gender roles that they describe would be\n A. part of a broad social shift toward greater equality.\n B. unlikely to provide benefits that outweigh their costs.\n C. inevitable given the economic advantages of gender equality.\n D. at odds with the principles of American democracy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Both authors would most likely agree that the changes in gender roles that they describe would be\n A. part of a broad social shift toward greater equality.\n B. unlikely to provide benefits that outweigh their costs.\n C. inevitable given the economic advantages of gender equality.\n D. at odds with the principles of American democracy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Both authors would most likely agree that the changes in gender roles that they describe would be\n A. part of a broad social shift toward greater equality.\n B. unlikely to provide benefits that outweigh their costs.\n C. inevitable given the economic advantages of gender equality.\n D. at odds with the principles of American democracy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "\\section{Passage 1}I have shown how democracy destroys or modifies the different inequalities which originate in society; but is this all? or does it not ultimately affect  that great inequality of man and woman which hasseemed, up to the present day, to be eternally based in human nature? I believe that the social changes which bring nearer to the same level the father and son, the master and servant, and superiors and inferiors generally speaking, will raise woman andmake her more and more the equal of man. But here, more than ever, I feel the necessity of making myself clearly understood; for there is no subject on which the coarse and lawless fancies of our age have taken a freer range.There are people in Europe who, confounding together the different characteristics of the sexes, would make of man and woman beings not only equal but alike. They would give to both the same functions, impose on both the same duties, and grant20 to both the same rights; they would mix them in all things-their occupations, their pleasures, their business. It may readily be conceived, that by thus attempting to make one sex equal to the other, both are degraded; and from so preposterous a medley of 25 the works of nature nothing could ever result but weak men and disorderly women.It is not thus that the Americans understand that species of democratic equality which may be established between the sexes. They admit, that as 30 nature has appointed such wide differences between the physical and moral constitution of man and woman, her manifest design was to give a distinct employment to their various faculties; and they hold that improvement does not consist in making beings 35 so dissimilar do pretty nearly the same things, but in getting each of them to fulfill their respective tasks in the best possible manner. The Americans have applied to the sexes the great principle of political economy which governs the manufactures of our age, 40 by carefully dividing the duties of man from those of woman, in order that the great work of society may be the better carried on.\\section{Passage 2}As society was constituted until the last few generations, inequality was its very basis; association 45 grounded on equal rights scarcely existed; to be equals was to be enemies; two persons could hardly co\u00f6perate in anything, or meet in any amicable relation, without the law's appointing that one of them should be the superior of the other.50 Mankind have outgrown this state, and all things now tend to substitute, as the general principle of human relations, a just equality, instead of the dominion of the strongest. But of all relations, that between men and women, being the nearest and55 most intimate, and connected with the greatest number of strong emotions, was sure to be the last to throw off the old rule, and receive the new; for, in proportion to the strength of a feeling is the tenacity with which it clings to the forms and60 circumstances with which it has even accidentally become associated. ...... The proper sphere for all human beings is the largest and highest which they are able to attain to. What this is, cannot be ascertained without complete 65 liberty of choice.... Let every occupation be open to all, without favor or discouragement to any, and employments will fall into the hands of those men or women who are found by experience to be most capable of worthily exercising them. There need be70 no fear that women will take out of the hands of men any occupation which men perform better than they. Each individual will prove his or her capacities, in the only way in which capacities can be proved,-by trial; and the world will have the benefit of the best75 faculties of all its inhabitants. But to interfere beforehand by an arbitrary limit, and declare that whatever be the genius, talent, energy, or force of mind, of an individual of a certain sex or class, those faculties shall not be exerted, or shall be exerted only80 in some few of the many modes in which others are permitted to use theirs, is not only an injustice to the individual, and a detriment to society, which loses what it can ill spare, but is also the most effectual way of providing that, in the sex or class so fettered, the85 qualities which are not permitted to be exercised shall not exist.\nQuestion: Both authors would most likely agree that the changes in gender roles that they describe would be\n A. part of a broad social shift toward greater equality.\n B. unlikely to provide benefits that outweigh their costs.\n C. inevitable given the economic advantages of gender equality.\n D. at odds with the principles of American democracy.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:81"}
{"index": 146, "query": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: The studies in the passage suggest that if customers of a large chain bookstore were given information focusing on the store's small competitors, a likely result is that the large store would\n A. receive more positive reviews from its customers.\n B. gain customers who perceive it as offering more choices than smaller shops.\n C. benefit from people's perception that its competition is now even greater.\n D. lose customers who would now see it as a competitor of the smaller shops.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: The studies in the passage suggest that if customers of a large chain bookstore were given information focusing on the store's small competitors, a likely result is that the large store would\n A. receive more positive reviews from its customers.\n B. gain customers who perceive it as offering more choices than smaller shops.\n C. benefit from people's perception that its competition is now even greater.\n D. lose customers who would now see it as a competitor of the smaller shops.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: The studies in the passage suggest that if customers of a large chain bookstore were given information focusing on the store's small competitors, a likely result is that the large store would\n A. receive more positive reviews from its customers.\n B. gain customers who perceive it as offering more choices than smaller shops.\n C. benefit from people's perception that its competition is now even greater.\n D. lose customers who would now see it as a competitor of the smaller shops.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Large competitors are often viewed as a major.threat for startups and small companies; big.companies have more financial resources and greater.scale, market power and brand awareness than.smaller ones. However, our research finds that a.smaller brand can actually benefit if consumers can.see the competitive threat it faces from a larger.organization..When a U.S.-based ice cream chain with about 1,400 stores moved within 50 steps of a J.P. Licks ice.cream store in Newton, Massachusetts, some people.expected that J.P. Licks, a small, locally owned.company, would be beaten out of the Newton market..But consumers rallied around J.P. Licks, and the.national chain later closed its nearby location. When.the owner of the Los Angeles-based coffee store chain.The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf could not stop a large.coffee shop chain from moving in next door, he was.surprised to see his sales shoot up\u2014so much so that.he started proactively colocating new stores next to.large chain ones..These examples are not anomalies. In six lab and.field studies, we explored the effects of having a large,.dominant competitor and found that highlighting a.large competitor\u2019s size and close proximity can help.smaller brands, instead of harming them. Compared.to when they are in competition with brands that are.similar to them in size or when consumers view them.outside of a competitive context, small brands see.consumer support go up when they are faced with a.competitive threat from large brands. This support.translates into higher purchase intention, more.purchases and more favorable online reviews..As part of our research, we conducted a field study.at an independent bookstore in Cambridge,.Massachusetts. Upon entering the bookstore, 163.prospective shoppers were exposed to one of three.versions of an in-store ad, emphasizing either the.store\u2019s large competitors, small competitors or no.competition. Shoppers who read the \u201clarge.competitors\u201d version were told that the store\u2019s main.competitors are large corporations that have the.ability to put small businesses such as this bookstore.out of business. The \u201csmall competitors\u201d version.indicated the store\u2019s main competitors are other.locally owned small bookstores in Cambridge. In the.\u201cno competition\u201d version, participants were given no.information about the competitive environment..Shoppers were then given a $5 coupon, coded with.the in-store ad version they read. Analyzing.shoppers\u2019 sales receipts and the number of redeemed.coupons, we found that shoppers were significantly.more likely to make a purchase after reading the.\u201clarge competitors\u201d version of the in-store ad,.compared to the \u201csmall competitors\u201d version or the.\u201cno competition\u201d version. They also purchased more.items and spent more money at the store, compared.to shoppers reading the \u201csmall competitors\u201d or \u201cno.competition\u201d versions. These results suggest that.framing the competitive game and emphasizing a.competitive narrative against a larger company can.help a small establishment\u2014and spur consumers to.make a purchase that supports the smaller.competitor..In subsequent studies, we tested this \u201cframing-.the-game\u201d effect in various contexts and product.categories and further found that support for a large.brand decreases when consumers view it as being in.competition with a smaller brand. In one study, we.asked participants to assess two hypothetical rival tire.shops, \u201cTire World\u201d and \u201cTire Planet,\u201d under three.conditions\u2014small vs. large, small vs. small or large.vs. large competitors. While participants indicated no.preference for the small or large shop when it was.competing against a competitor of similar size, the.small vs. large competitive context elicited a strong.preference for the small rather than large shop.\nQuestion: The studies in the passage suggest that if customers of a large chain bookstore were given information focusing on the store's small competitors, a likely result is that the large store would\n A. receive more positive reviews from its customers.\n B. gain customers who perceive it as offering more choices than smaller shops.\n C. benefit from people's perception that its competition is now even greater.\n D. lose customers who would now see it as a competitor of the smaller shops.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:146"}
{"index": 205, "query": "Solar panel installations continue to grow quickly,.but the solar panel manufacturing industry is in the.doldrums because supply far exceeds demand. The.poor market may be slowing innovation, but.advances continue; judging by the mood this week at.the IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference in.Tampa, Florida, people in the industry remain.optimistic about its long-term prospects..The technology that\u2019s surprised almost everyone.is conventional crystalline silicon. A few years ago,.silicon solar panels cost $4 per watt, and.Martin Green, professor at the University of.New South Wales and one of the leading silicon solar.panel researchers, declared that they\u2019d never go.below $1 a watt. \u201cNow it\u2019s down to something like 50 cents a watt, and there\u2019s talk of hitting 36 cents per.watt,\u201d he says..The U.S. Department of Energy has set a goal of.reaching less than $1 a watt\u2014not just for the solar.panels, but for complete, installed systems\u2014by 2020..Green thinks the solar industry will hit that target.even sooner than that. If so, that would bring the.direct cost of solar power to six cents per.kilowatt-hour, which is cheaper than the average cost.expected for power from new natural gas power.plants..All parts of the silicon solar panel industry have.been looking for ways to cut costs and improve the.power output of solar panels, and that\u2019s led to steady.cost reductions. Green points to something as.mundane as the pastes used to screen-print some of.the features on solar panels. Green\u2019s lab built a solar.cell in the 1990s that set a record efficiency for silicon.solar cells\u2014a record that stands to this day. To.achieve that record, he had to use expensive.lithography techniques to make fine wires for.collecting current from the solar cell. But gradual.improvements have made it possible to use screen.printing to produce ever-finer lines. Recent research.suggests that screen-printing techniques can produce.lines as thin as 30 micrometers\u2014about the width of.the lines Green used for his record solar cells, but at.costs far lower than his lithography techniques..Meanwhile, researchers at the National Renewable.Energy Laboratory have made flexible solar cells on a.new type of glass from Corning called Willow Glass,.which is thin and can be rolled up. The type of solar.cell they made is the only current challenger to.silicon in terms of large-scale production\u2014thin-film.cadmium telluride. Flexible solar cells could lower.the cost of installing solar cells, making solar power.cheaper..One of Green\u2019s former students and colleagues,.Jianhua Zhao, cofounder of solar panel manufacturer.China Sunergy, announced this week that he is.building a pilot manufacturing line for a two-sided.solar cell that can absorb light from both the front.and back. The basic idea, which isn\u2019t new, is that.during some parts of the day, sunlight falls on the.land between rows of solar panels in a solar power.plant. That light reflects onto the back of the panels.and could be harvested to increase the power output..This works particularly well when the solar panels.are built on sand, which is highly reflective. Where a.one-sided solar panel might generate 340 watts, a.two-sided one might generate up to 400 watts. He.expects the panels to generate 10 to 20 percent more.electricity over the course of a year..Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon,.aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions in.cost already seen with the technology. He hopes to.greatly increase the efficiency of silicon solar panels.by combining silicon with one or two other.semiconductors, each selected to efficiently convert a.part of the solar spectrum that silicon doesn\u2019t convert.efficiently. Adding one semiconductor could boost.efficiencies from the 20 to 25 percent range to.around 40 percent. Adding another could make.efficiencies as high as 50 percent feasible, which.would cut in half the number of solar panels needed.for a given installation. The challenge is to produce.good connections between these semiconductors,.something made challenging by the arrangement of.silicon atoms in crystalline silicon.\nQuestion: The last sentence of the passage mainly serves to\n A. express concern about the limitations of a material.\n B. identify a hurdle that must be overcome.\n C. make a prediction about the effective use of certain devices.\n D. introduce a potential new area of study.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Solar panel installations continue to grow quickly,.but the solar panel manufacturing industry is in the.doldrums because supply far exceeds demand. The.poor market may be slowing innovation, but.advances continue; judging by the mood this week at.the IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference in.Tampa, Florida, people in the industry remain.optimistic about its long-term prospects..The technology that\u2019s surprised almost everyone.is conventional crystalline silicon. A few years ago,.silicon solar panels cost $4 per watt, and.Martin Green, professor at the University of.New South Wales and one of the leading silicon solar.panel researchers, declared that they\u2019d never go.below $1 a watt. \u201cNow it\u2019s down to something like 50 cents a watt, and there\u2019s talk of hitting 36 cents per.watt,\u201d he says..The U.S. Department of Energy has set a goal of.reaching less than $1 a watt\u2014not just for the solar.panels, but for complete, installed systems\u2014by 2020..Green thinks the solar industry will hit that target.even sooner than that. If so, that would bring the.direct cost of solar power to six cents per.kilowatt-hour, which is cheaper than the average cost.expected for power from new natural gas power.plants..All parts of the silicon solar panel industry have.been looking for ways to cut costs and improve the.power output of solar panels, and that\u2019s led to steady.cost reductions. Green points to something as.mundane as the pastes used to screen-print some of.the features on solar panels. Green\u2019s lab built a solar.cell in the 1990s that set a record efficiency for silicon.solar cells\u2014a record that stands to this day. To.achieve that record, he had to use expensive.lithography techniques to make fine wires for.collecting current from the solar cell. But gradual.improvements have made it possible to use screen.printing to produce ever-finer lines. Recent research.suggests that screen-printing techniques can produce.lines as thin as 30 micrometers\u2014about the width of.the lines Green used for his record solar cells, but at.costs far lower than his lithography techniques..Meanwhile, researchers at the National Renewable.Energy Laboratory have made flexible solar cells on a.new type of glass from Corning called Willow Glass,.which is thin and can be rolled up. The type of solar.cell they made is the only current challenger to.silicon in terms of large-scale production\u2014thin-film.cadmium telluride. Flexible solar cells could lower.the cost of installing solar cells, making solar power.cheaper..One of Green\u2019s former students and colleagues,.Jianhua Zhao, cofounder of solar panel manufacturer.China Sunergy, announced this week that he is.building a pilot manufacturing line for a two-sided.solar cell that can absorb light from both the front.and back. The basic idea, which isn\u2019t new, is that.during some parts of the day, sunlight falls on the.land between rows of solar panels in a solar power.plant. That light reflects onto the back of the panels.and could be harvested to increase the power output..This works particularly well when the solar panels.are built on sand, which is highly reflective. Where a.one-sided solar panel might generate 340 watts, a.two-sided one might generate up to 400 watts. He.expects the panels to generate 10 to 20 percent more.electricity over the course of a year..Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon,.aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions in.cost already seen with the technology. He hopes to.greatly increase the efficiency of silicon solar panels.by combining silicon with one or two other.semiconductors, each selected to efficiently convert a.part of the solar spectrum that silicon doesn\u2019t convert.efficiently. Adding one semiconductor could boost.efficiencies from the 20 to 25 percent range to.around 40 percent. Adding another could make.efficiencies as high as 50 percent feasible, which.would cut in half the number of solar panels needed.for a given installation. The challenge is to produce.good connections between these semiconductors,.something made challenging by the arrangement of.silicon atoms in crystalline silicon.\nQuestion: The last sentence of the passage mainly serves to\n A. express concern about the limitations of a material.\n B. identify a hurdle that must be overcome.\n C. make a prediction about the effective use of certain devices.\n D. introduce a potential new area of study.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Solar panel installations continue to grow quickly,.but the solar panel manufacturing industry is in the.doldrums because supply far exceeds demand. The.poor market may be slowing innovation, but.advances continue; judging by the mood this week at.the IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference in.Tampa, Florida, people in the industry remain.optimistic about its long-term prospects..The technology that\u2019s surprised almost everyone.is conventional crystalline silicon. A few years ago,.silicon solar panels cost $4 per watt, and.Martin Green, professor at the University of.New South Wales and one of the leading silicon solar.panel researchers, declared that they\u2019d never go.below $1 a watt. \u201cNow it\u2019s down to something like 50 cents a watt, and there\u2019s talk of hitting 36 cents per.watt,\u201d he says..The U.S. Department of Energy has set a goal of.reaching less than $1 a watt\u2014not just for the solar.panels, but for complete, installed systems\u2014by 2020..Green thinks the solar industry will hit that target.even sooner than that. If so, that would bring the.direct cost of solar power to six cents per.kilowatt-hour, which is cheaper than the average cost.expected for power from new natural gas power.plants..All parts of the silicon solar panel industry have.been looking for ways to cut costs and improve the.power output of solar panels, and that\u2019s led to steady.cost reductions. Green points to something as.mundane as the pastes used to screen-print some of.the features on solar panels. Green\u2019s lab built a solar.cell in the 1990s that set a record efficiency for silicon.solar cells\u2014a record that stands to this day. To.achieve that record, he had to use expensive.lithography techniques to make fine wires for.collecting current from the solar cell. But gradual.improvements have made it possible to use screen.printing to produce ever-finer lines. Recent research.suggests that screen-printing techniques can produce.lines as thin as 30 micrometers\u2014about the width of.the lines Green used for his record solar cells, but at.costs far lower than his lithography techniques..Meanwhile, researchers at the National Renewable.Energy Laboratory have made flexible solar cells on a.new type of glass from Corning called Willow Glass,.which is thin and can be rolled up. The type of solar.cell they made is the only current challenger to.silicon in terms of large-scale production\u2014thin-film.cadmium telluride. Flexible solar cells could lower.the cost of installing solar cells, making solar power.cheaper..One of Green\u2019s former students and colleagues,.Jianhua Zhao, cofounder of solar panel manufacturer.China Sunergy, announced this week that he is.building a pilot manufacturing line for a two-sided.solar cell that can absorb light from both the front.and back. The basic idea, which isn\u2019t new, is that.during some parts of the day, sunlight falls on the.land between rows of solar panels in a solar power.plant. That light reflects onto the back of the panels.and could be harvested to increase the power output..This works particularly well when the solar panels.are built on sand, which is highly reflective. Where a.one-sided solar panel might generate 340 watts, a.two-sided one might generate up to 400 watts. He.expects the panels to generate 10 to 20 percent more.electricity over the course of a year..Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon,.aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions in.cost already seen with the technology. He hopes to.greatly increase the efficiency of silicon solar panels.by combining silicon with one or two other.semiconductors, each selected to efficiently convert a.part of the solar spectrum that silicon doesn\u2019t convert.efficiently. Adding one semiconductor could boost.efficiencies from the 20 to 25 percent range to.around 40 percent. Adding another could make.efficiencies as high as 50 percent feasible, which.would cut in half the number of solar panels needed.for a given installation. The challenge is to produce.good connections between these semiconductors,.something made challenging by the arrangement of.silicon atoms in crystalline silicon.\nQuestion: The last sentence of the passage mainly serves to\n A. express concern about the limitations of a material.\n B. identify a hurdle that must be overcome.\n C. make a prediction about the effective use of certain devices.\n D. introduce a potential new area of study.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Solar panel installations continue to grow quickly,.but the solar panel manufacturing industry is in the.doldrums because supply far exceeds demand. The.poor market may be slowing innovation, but.advances continue; judging by the mood this week at.the IEEE Photovoltaics Specialists Conference in.Tampa, Florida, people in the industry remain.optimistic about its long-term prospects..The technology that\u2019s surprised almost everyone.is conventional crystalline silicon. A few years ago,.silicon solar panels cost $4 per watt, and.Martin Green, professor at the University of.New South Wales and one of the leading silicon solar.panel researchers, declared that they\u2019d never go.below $1 a watt. \u201cNow it\u2019s down to something like 50 cents a watt, and there\u2019s talk of hitting 36 cents per.watt,\u201d he says..The U.S. Department of Energy has set a goal of.reaching less than $1 a watt\u2014not just for the solar.panels, but for complete, installed systems\u2014by 2020..Green thinks the solar industry will hit that target.even sooner than that. If so, that would bring the.direct cost of solar power to six cents per.kilowatt-hour, which is cheaper than the average cost.expected for power from new natural gas power.plants..All parts of the silicon solar panel industry have.been looking for ways to cut costs and improve the.power output of solar panels, and that\u2019s led to steady.cost reductions. Green points to something as.mundane as the pastes used to screen-print some of.the features on solar panels. Green\u2019s lab built a solar.cell in the 1990s that set a record efficiency for silicon.solar cells\u2014a record that stands to this day. To.achieve that record, he had to use expensive.lithography techniques to make fine wires for.collecting current from the solar cell. But gradual.improvements have made it possible to use screen.printing to produce ever-finer lines. Recent research.suggests that screen-printing techniques can produce.lines as thin as 30 micrometers\u2014about the width of.the lines Green used for his record solar cells, but at.costs far lower than his lithography techniques..Meanwhile, researchers at the National Renewable.Energy Laboratory have made flexible solar cells on a.new type of glass from Corning called Willow Glass,.which is thin and can be rolled up. The type of solar.cell they made is the only current challenger to.silicon in terms of large-scale production\u2014thin-film.cadmium telluride. Flexible solar cells could lower.the cost of installing solar cells, making solar power.cheaper..One of Green\u2019s former students and colleagues,.Jianhua Zhao, cofounder of solar panel manufacturer.China Sunergy, announced this week that he is.building a pilot manufacturing line for a two-sided.solar cell that can absorb light from both the front.and back. The basic idea, which isn\u2019t new, is that.during some parts of the day, sunlight falls on the.land between rows of solar panels in a solar power.plant. That light reflects onto the back of the panels.and could be harvested to increase the power output..This works particularly well when the solar panels.are built on sand, which is highly reflective. Where a.one-sided solar panel might generate 340 watts, a.two-sided one might generate up to 400 watts. He.expects the panels to generate 10 to 20 percent more.electricity over the course of a year..Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon,.aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions in.cost already seen with the technology. He hopes to.greatly increase the efficiency of silicon solar panels.by combining silicon with one or two other.semiconductors, each selected to efficiently convert a.part of the solar spectrum that silicon doesn\u2019t convert.efficiently. Adding one semiconductor could boost.efficiencies from the 20 to 25 percent range to.around 40 percent. Adding another could make.efficiencies as high as 50 percent feasible, which.would cut in half the number of solar panels needed.for a given installation. The challenge is to produce.good connections between these semiconductors,.something made challenging by the arrangement of.silicon atoms in crystalline silicon.\nQuestion: The last sentence of the passage mainly serves to\n A. express concern about the limitations of a material.\n B. identify a hurdle that must be overcome.\n C. make a prediction about the effective use of certain devices.\n D. introduce a potential new area of study.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:205"}
{"index": 199, "query": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Lincoln contends that breaking the law haswhich consequence?\n A. It slows the repeal of bad laws.\n B. It undermines and repudiates the nation\u2019s values.\n C. It leads slowly but inexorably to rule by the mob.\n D. It creates divisions between social groups.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Lincoln contends that breaking the law haswhich consequence?\n A. It slows the repeal of bad laws.\n B. It undermines and repudiates the nation\u2019s values.\n C. It leads slowly but inexorably to rule by the mob.\n D. It creates divisions between social groups.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Lincoln contends that breaking the law haswhich consequence?\n A. It slows the repeal of bad laws.\n B. It undermines and repudiates the nation\u2019s values.\n C. It leads slowly but inexorably to rule by the mob.\n D. It creates divisions between social groups.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: In Passage 1, Lincoln contends that breaking the law haswhich consequence?\n A. It slows the repeal of bad laws.\n B. It undermines and repudiates the nation\u2019s values.\n C. It leads slowly but inexorably to rule by the mob.\n D. It creates divisions between social groups.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:199"}
{"index": 201, "query": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of each passage is to\n A. make an argument about the difference between legal duties and moral imperatives.\n B. discuss how laws ought to be enacted and changed in a democracy.\n C. advance a view regarding whether individuals should follow all of the country\u2019s laws.\n D. articulate standards by which laws can be evaluated as just or unjust.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of each passage is to\n A. make an argument about the difference between legal duties and moral imperatives.\n B. discuss how laws ought to be enacted and changed in a democracy.\n C. advance a view regarding whether individuals should follow all of the country\u2019s laws.\n D. articulate standards by which laws can be evaluated as just or unjust.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of each passage is to\n A. make an argument about the difference between legal duties and moral imperatives.\n B. discuss how laws ought to be enacted and changed in a democracy.\n C. advance a view regarding whether individuals should follow all of the country\u2019s laws.\n D. articulate standards by which laws can be evaluated as just or unjust.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.Let every American, every lover of liberty, every.well wisher to his posterity, swear by the blood of the.Revolution, never to violate in the least particular,.the laws of the country; and never to tolerate their.violation by others. As the patriots of seventy-six did.to the support of the Declaration of Independence, so.to the support of the Constitution and Laws, let every.American pledge his life, his property, and his sacred.honor;\u2014let every man remember that to violate the.law, is to trample on the blood of his father, and to.tear the character of his own, and his children\u2019s.liberty. Let reverence for the laws, be breathed by.every American mother, to the lisping babe, that.prattles on her lap\u2014let it be taught in schools, in.seminaries, and in colleges;\u2014let it be written in.Primers, spelling books, and in Almanacs;\u2014let it be.preached from the pulpit, proclaimed in legislative.halls, and enforced in courts of justice. And, in short,.let it become thepolitical religionof the nation;.and let the old and the young, the rich and the poor,.the grave and the gay, of all sexes and tongues, and.colors and conditions, sacrifice unceasingly upon its.altars.....When I so pressingly urge a strict observance of.all the laws, let me not be understood as saying there.are no bad laws, nor that grievances may not arise,.for the redress of which, no legal provisions have.been made. I mean to say no such thing. But I do.mean to say, that, although bad laws, if they exist,.should be repealed as soon as possible, still while they.continue in force, for the sake of example, they.should be religiously observed. So also in unprovided.cases. If such arise, let proper legal provisions be.made for them with the least possible delay; but, till.then, let them if not too intolerable, be borne with..There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress.by mob law. In any case that arises, as for instance,.the promulgation of abolitionism, one of two.positions is necessarily true; that is, the thing is right.within itself, and therefore deserves the protection of.all law and all good citizens; or, it is wrong, and.therefore proper to be prohibited by legal.enactments; and in neither case, is the interposition.of mob law, either necessary, justifiable, or excusable..Passage 2.Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey.them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey.them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress.them at once? Men generally, under such a.government as this, think that they ought to wait.until they have persuaded the majority to alter them..They think that, if they should resist, the remedy.would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the.government itself that the remedy is worse than the.evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to.anticipate and provide for reform? Why does it not.cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist.before it is hurt?....If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of.the machine of government, let it go, let it go;.perchance it will wear smooth\u2014certainly the.machine will wear out. If the injustice has a spring, or.a pulley, or a rope, or a crank, exclusively for itself,.then perhaps you may consider whether the remedy.will not be worse than the evil; but if it is of such a.nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice.to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be.a counter friction to stop the machine. What I have.to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to.the wrong which I condemn..As for adopting the ways which the State has.provided for remedying the evil, I know not of such.ways. They take too much time, and a man\u2019s life will.be gone. I have other affairs to attend to. I came into.this world, not chiefly to make this a good place to.live in, but to live in it, be it good or bad. A man has.not everything to do, but something; and because he.cannot do everything, it is not necessary that he.should do something wrong.....I do not hesitate to say, that those who call.themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually.withdraw their support, both in person and property,.from the government...andnotwait till they.constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the.right to prevail through them. I think that it is.enough if they have God on their side, without.waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more.right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one.already.\nQuestion: The primary purpose of each passage is to\n A. make an argument about the difference between legal duties and moral imperatives.\n B. discuss how laws ought to be enacted and changed in a democracy.\n C. advance a view regarding whether individuals should follow all of the country\u2019s laws.\n D. articulate standards by which laws can be evaluated as just or unjust.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:201"}
{"index": 93, "query": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, a significant advantage of the Venus flytrap's requirement for multiple triggers is that it\n A. enables the plant to identify the species of its prey.\n B. conserves the plant's calcium reserves.\n C. safeguards the plant's energy supply.\n D. prevents the plant from closing before capturing its prey.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, a significant advantage of the Venus flytrap's requirement for multiple triggers is that it\n A. enables the plant to identify the species of its prey.\n B. conserves the plant's calcium reserves.\n C. safeguards the plant's energy supply.\n D. prevents the plant from closing before capturing its prey.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, a significant advantage of the Venus flytrap's requirement for multiple triggers is that it\n A. enables the plant to identify the species of its prey.\n B. conserves the plant's calcium reserves.\n C. safeguards the plant's energy supply.\n D. prevents the plant from closing before capturing its prey.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Venus flytrap [Dionaea muscipula] needs to know when an ideal meal is crawling across its leaves. Closing its trap requires a huge expense of energy,  and reopening the trap can take several hours, soDionaea only wants to spring closed when it's sure that the dawdling insect visiting its surface is large enough to be worth its time. The large black hairs on their lobes allow the Venus flytraps to literally feel their prey, and they act as triggers that spring thetrap closed when the proper prey makes its way across the trap. If the insect touches just one hair, the trap will not spring shut; but a large enough bug will likely touch two hairs within about twenty seconds, and that signal springs the Venus flytrap into action.We can look at this system as analogous to short-term memory. First, the flytrap encodes the information (forms the memory) that something (it doesn't know what) has touched one of its hairs. Then it stores this information for a number of 20 seconds (retains the memory) and finally retrieves this information (recalls the memory) once a second hair is touched. If a small ant takes a while to get from one hair to the next, the trap will have forgotten the first touch by the time the ant brushes up against25 the next hair. In other words, it loses the storage of the information, doesn't close, and the anthappily meanders on. How does the plant encode and store the information from the unassuming bug's encounter with the first hair? How does it30 remember the first touch in order to react upon the second?Scientists have been puzzled by these questions ever since John Burdon-Sanderson's early report on the physiology of the Venus flytrap in 1882 . A35 century later, Dieter Hodick and Andreas Sievers at the University of Bonn in Germany proposed that the flytrap stored information regarding how many hairs have been touched in the electric charge of its leaf. Their model is quite elegant in its simplicity.40 In their studies, they discovered that touching a trigger hair on the Venus flytrap causes an electric action potential [a temporary reversal in the electrical polarity of a cell membrane] that induces calcium channels to open in the trap (this 45 coupling of action potentials and the opening of calcium channels is similar to the processes that occur during communication between human neurons), thus causing a rapid increase in the concentration of calcium ions.They proposed that the trap requires a relatively high concentration of calcium in order to close and that a single action potential from just one trigger hair being touched does not reach this level. Therefore, a second hair needs to be stimulated to 55 push the calcium concentration over this threshold and spring the trap. The encoding of the information requires maintaining a high enough level of calcium so that a second increase (triggered by touching the second hair) pushes the total concentration of 60 calcium over the threshold. As the calcium ion concentrations dissipate over time, if the second touch and potential don't happen quickly, the final concentration after the second trigger won't be high enough to close the trap, and the memory is lost.65 Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. To test the model they rigged up very fine70 electrodes and applied an electrical current to the open lobes of the trap. This made the trap close without any direct touch to its trigger hairs (while they didn't measure calcium levels, the current likely led to increases). When they modified this 75 experiment by altering the amount of electrical current, Volkov could determine the exact electrical charge needed for the trap to close. As long as fourteen microcoulombs-a tiny bit more than the static electricity generated by rubbing two balloons80 together-flowed between the two electrodes, the trap closed. This could come as one large burst or as a series of smaller charges within twenty seconds. If it took longer than twenty seconds to accumulate the total charge, the trap would remain open\nQuestion: Based on the passage, a significant advantage of the Venus flytrap's requirement for multiple triggers is that it\n A. enables the plant to identify the species of its prey.\n B. conserves the plant's calcium reserves.\n C. safeguards the plant's energy supply.\n D. prevents the plant from closing before capturing its prey.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:93"}
{"index": 134, "query": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The main purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss a study intended to explain the high number of meteorites on Earth that have come from primitive asteroids.\n B. describe competing hypotheses about the conditions under which primitive asteroids initially formed.\n C. present a scientific debate about the prevalence of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt in the early solar system.\n D. account for the scarcity of a component of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt and among meteorites on Earth.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The main purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss a study intended to explain the high number of meteorites on Earth that have come from primitive asteroids.\n B. describe competing hypotheses about the conditions under which primitive asteroids initially formed.\n C. present a scientific debate about the prevalence of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt in the early solar system.\n D. account for the scarcity of a component of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt and among meteorites on Earth.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The main purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss a study intended to explain the high number of meteorites on Earth that have come from primitive asteroids.\n B. describe competing hypotheses about the conditions under which primitive asteroids initially formed.\n C. present a scientific debate about the prevalence of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt in the early solar system.\n D. account for the scarcity of a component of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt and among meteorites on Earth.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Scientists believe that iron meteorites come from.the cores of asteroids that melted. But what happened.to the corresponding rocky material that formed the.mantles of these bodies? A few asteroids have spectra^1.that match those of mantle rocks, but they are very.rare. Some nonmetallic meteorites come from.asteroids that have partially or wholly melted, but.these do not match the minerals we would expect to.see in the missing mantles of the iron parent bodies..These exotic meteorites must come from some other.kind of parent body instead..The rarity of mantle rocks in our meteorite.collection and in the asteroid belt, known as the.\u201cmissing mantle problem,\u201d is a long-standing puzzle..There are several reasons why iron fragments might.survive better than rocky fragments when asteroids.break apart. Iron lies in the core of a differentiated.asteroid, while rocky material lies near the surface..Thus, rocky material will be the first to be removed.when an asteroid is bombarded, while iron is the last.to be exposed. As a result, rocky fragments have to.survive in space for longer than iron ones. Most of the.rocky mantle may be peeled away in small fragments.\u2014chips from the surface\u2014while the iron core remains.as a single piece, making it harder to disrupt later. Last.and most important, iron is much stronger than rock:.a piece of iron is likely to survive in the asteroid belt at.least 10 times longer than a rocky fragment of the.same size..If most differentiated bodies broke apart early in.the solar system, perhaps all the mantle material has.been ground down to dust and lost over the billions of.years since then. This would mean that intact.differentiated asteroids are very rare in the asteroid.belt today. Perhaps Vesta [a differentiated asteroid.with a diameter of more than 300 miles] and a handful.of others are all that remain..However, collisional erosion cannot be the whole.story. Primitive asteroids, the parent bodies of.chondritic meteorites [the most common type of.meteorite found on Earth], are no stronger than the.mantle rocks from differentiated asteroids. How did.so many primitive asteroids survive when almost.none of the differentiated ones did? Part of the.explanation may simply be that differentiated bodies.were relatively rare to begin with and none have.survived. Still, if almost all differentiated bodies were.destroyed in violent collisions, how did Vesta survive.with only a single large crater on its surface?.Astronomer William Bottke and his colleagues.recently came up with a possible explanation: perhaps.the parent bodies of the iron meteorites formed closer.to the Sun, in the region that now contains the.terrestrial planets. Objects would have been more.tightly packed nearer the Sun, so collisions would.have been more frequent than in the asteroid belt..Many, perhaps most, differentiated bodies were.disrupted by violent collisions. Gravitational.perturbations from larger bodies scattered some of.these fragments into the asteroid belt. Both iron and.rocky fragments arrived in the asteroid belt, but only.the stronger iron objects have survived for the age of.the solar system. Later on, the parent bodies of.primitive meteorites formed in the asteroid belt. Most.of these objects survived, leaving an asteroid belt.today that is a mixture of intact primitive bodies and.fragments of iron..(^1) Characteristic wavelengths of light that asteroids reflect\nQuestion: The main purpose of the passage is to\n A. discuss a study intended to explain the high number of meteorites on Earth that have come from primitive asteroids.\n B. describe competing hypotheses about the conditions under which primitive asteroids initially formed.\n C. present a scientific debate about the prevalence of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt in the early solar system.\n D. account for the scarcity of a component of differentiated asteroids in the asteroid belt and among meteorites on Earth.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:134"}
{"index": 70, "query": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that mental athletes are successful at memorization because they\n A. exploit parts of the brain not normally used in routine memorization.\n B. convert information they are trying to memorize into abstract symbols.\n C. organize information into numerical lists prior to memorization.\n D. exercise their brains regularly through puzzles and other mental challenges\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that mental athletes are successful at memorization because they\n A. exploit parts of the brain not normally used in routine memorization.\n B. convert information they are trying to memorize into abstract symbols.\n C. organize information into numerical lists prior to memorization.\n D. exercise their brains regularly through puzzles and other mental challenges\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that mental athletes are successful at memorization because they\n A. exploit parts of the brain not normally used in routine memorization.\n B. convert information they are trying to memorize into abstract symbols.\n C. organize information into numerical lists prior to memorization.\n D. exercise their brains regularly through puzzles and other mental challenges\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In 2000, a neuroscientist at University College London named Eleanor Maguire wanted to find out what effect, if any, all that driving around the  labyrinthine streets of London might have oncabbies' brains. When she brought sixteen taxi drivers into her lab and examined their brains in an MRI scanner, she found one surprising and important difference. The right posterior hippocampus, a part of the brain known to beinvolved in spatial navigation, was 7 percent larger than normal in the cabbies-a small but very significant difference. Maguire concluded that all of that way-finding around London had physically altered the gross structure of their brains. The moreyears a cabbie had been on the road, the more pronounced the effect.The brain is a mutable organ, capable-within limits-of reorganizing itself and readapting to new kinds of sensory input, a phenomenon known asneuroplasticity. It had long been thought that the adult brain was incapable of spawning new neurons-that while learning caused synapses to rearrange themselves and new links between brain cells to form, the brain's basic anatomical structurewas more or less static. Maguire's study suggested the old inherited wisdom was simply not true.After her groundbreaking study of London cabbies, Maguire decided to turn her attention to mental athletes. She teamed up with ElizabethValentine and John Wilding, authors of the academic monograph Superior Memory, to study ten individuals who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championship. They wanted to find out if the memorizers' brains were-like the Londoncabbies'-structurally different from the rest of ours, or if they were somehow just making better use of memory abilities that we all possess.The researchers put both the mental athletes and a group of matched control subjects into MRI scanners  and asked them to memorize three-digit numbers, black-and-white photographs of people's faces, and magnified images of snowflakes, while their brains were being scanned. Maguire and her team thought it was possible that they might discover anatomical 45 differences in the brains of the memory champs, evidence that their brains had somehow reorganized themselves in the process of doing all that intensive remembering. But when the researchers reviewed the imaging data, not a single significant structural50 difference turned up. The brains of the mental athletes appeared to be indistinguishable from those of the control subjects. What's more, on every single test of general cognitive ability, the mental athletes' scores came back well within the normal range. The 55 memory champs weren't smarter, and they didn't have special brains.But there was one telling difference between the brains of the mental athletes and the control subjects: When the researchers looked at which parts of the 60 brain were lighting up when the mental athletes were memorizing, they found that they were activating entirely different circuitry. According to the functional MRIs [fMRIs], regions of the brain that were less active in the control subjects seemed to be 65 working in overdrive for the mental athletes.Surprisingly, when the mental athletes were learning new information, they were engaging several regions of the brain known to be involved in two specific tasks: visual memory and spatial70 navigation, including the same right posterior hippocampal region that the London cabbies had enlarged with all their daily way-finding. At first glance, this wouldn't seem to make any sense. Why would mental athletes be conjuring images in 75 their mind's eye when they were trying to learn three-digit numbers? Why should they be navigating like London cabbies when they're supposed to be remembering the shapes of snowflakes?Maguire and her team asked the mental athletes 80 to describe exactly what was going through their minds as they memorized. The mental athletes said they were consciously converting the information they were being asked to memorize into images, and distributing those images along familiar spatial85 journeys. They weren't doing this automatically, or because it was an inborn talent they'd nurtured since childhood. Rather, the unexpected patterns of neural activity that Maguire's fMRIs turned up were the result of training and practice\nQuestion: The passage most strongly suggests that mental athletes are successful at memorization because they\n A. exploit parts of the brain not normally used in routine memorization.\n B. convert information they are trying to memorize into abstract symbols.\n C. organize information into numerical lists prior to memorization.\n D. exercise their brains regularly through puzzles and other mental challenges\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:70"}
{"index": 103, "query": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: 1 A quotation from the Declaration of Independence Smith's main purpose in the passage is to\n A. accuse fellow abolitionists of overlooking the contributions that women have made to the movement.\n B. argue that the causes of abolition and women's rights are continuations of the spirit of the American Revolution.\n C. make the case that women's rights are meaningless while slavery exists.\n D. encourage women to see their participation in the abolitionist cause as just and important.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: 1 A quotation from the Declaration of Independence Smith's main purpose in the passage is to\n A. accuse fellow abolitionists of overlooking the contributions that women have made to the movement.\n B. argue that the causes of abolition and women's rights are continuations of the spirit of the American Revolution.\n C. make the case that women's rights are meaningless while slavery exists.\n D. encourage women to see their participation in the abolitionist cause as just and important.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: 1 A quotation from the Declaration of Independence Smith's main purpose in the passage is to\n A. accuse fellow abolitionists of overlooking the contributions that women have made to the movement.\n B. argue that the causes of abolition and women's rights are continuations of the spirit of the American Revolution.\n C. make the case that women's rights are meaningless while slavery exists.\n D. encourage women to see their participation in the abolitionist cause as just and important.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "We are told that it is not within the \"province of woman,\" to discuss the subject of slavery; that it is a \"political question,\" and we are \"stepping out of our  sphere,\" when we take part in its discussion. It is nottrue that it is merely a political question, it is likewise a question of justice, of humanity, of morality, of religion; a question which, while it involves considerations of immense importance to the welfare and prosperity of our country, enters deeply into thehome-concerns, the every-day feelings of millions of our fellow beings. Whether the laborer shall receive the reward of his labor, or be driven daily to unrequited toil-whether he shall walk erect in the dignity of conscious manhood, or be reckonedamong the beasts which perish - whether his bones and sinews shall be his own, or another's-whether his child shall receive the protection of its natural guardian, or be ranked among the live-stock of the estate, to be disposed of as the caprice or interest ofthe master may dictate $\\_\\ldots$ these considerations are all involved in the question of liberty or slavery.And is a subject comprehending interests of such magnitude, merely a \"political question,\" and one in which woman \"can take no part without losingsomething of the modesty and gentleness which are her most appropriate ornaments\"? May not the \"ornament of a meek and quiet spirit\" exist with an upright mind and enlightened intellect, and must woman necessarily be less gentle because her heart isopen to the claims of humanity, or less modest because she feels for the degradation of her enslaved sisters, and would stretch forth her hand for their rescue?By the Constitution of the United States, the  whole physical power of the North is pledged for the suppression of domestic insurrections, and should the slaves, maddened by oppression, endeavor to shake off the yoke of the taskmaster, the men of the North are bound to make common cause with the 40 tyrant, and put down, at the point of the bayonet, every effort on the part of the slave, for the attainment of his freedom. And when the father, husband, son, and brother shall have left their homes to mingle in the unholy warfare, \"to become the 45 executioners of their brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands,\"1 will the mother, wife, daughter, and sister feel that they have no interest in this subject? Will it be easy to convince them that it is no concern of theirs, that their homes are rendered desolate, and50 their habitations the abodes of wretchedness?Surely this consideration is of itself sufficient to arouse the slumbering energies of woman, for the overthrow of a system which thus threatens to lay in ruins the fabric of her domestic happiness; and she55 will not be deterred from the performance of her duty to herself, her family, and her country, by the cry of political question.But admitting it to be a political question, have we no interest in the welfare of our country? May we not60 permit a thought to stray beyond the narrow limits of our own family circle, and of the present hour? May we not breathe a sigh over the miseries of our countrymen, nor utter a word of remonstrance against the unjust laws that are crushing them to the 65 earth? Must we witness \"the headlong rage or heedless folly,\" with which our nation is rushing onward to destruction, and not seek to arrest its downward course? Shall we silently behold the land which we love with all the heart-warm affection of70 children, rendered a hissing and a reproach throughout the world, by this system which is already tolling the death-bell of her decease among the nations? No: the events of the last two years have cast their dark shadows before, overclouding the bright75 prospects of the future, and shrouding the destinies of our country in more than midnight gloom, and we cannot remain inactive. Our country is as dear to us as to the proudest statesman, and the more closely our hearts cling to \"our altars and our homes,\" the80 more fervent are our aspirations that every inhabitant of our land may be protected in his fireside enjoyments by just and equal laws; that the foot of the tyrant may no longer invade the domestic sanctuary, nor his hand tear asunder those whom85 God himself has united by the most holy ties. Let our course, then, still be onward!\nQuestion: 1 A quotation from the Declaration of Independence Smith's main purpose in the passage is to\n A. accuse fellow abolitionists of overlooking the contributions that women have made to the movement.\n B. argue that the causes of abolition and women's rights are continuations of the spirit of the American Revolution.\n C. make the case that women's rights are meaningless while slavery exists.\n D. encourage women to see their participation in the abolitionist cause as just and important.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:103"}
{"index": 180, "query": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 1, which hypothetical discovery would provide the most support for the impact hypothesis?\n A. An asteroid impact crater beneath the northern ice cap contains high levels of iridium and has been dated to well after the start of the Younger Dryas.\n B. Glass and carbon spherules appear at multiple points in the geologic record but never in conjunction with iridium deposits.\n C. Analysis of ice cores suggests that global temperatures started declining approximately 13,000 years before the onset of the Younger Dryas.\n D. High levels of osmium, which is rare on Earth but relatively common in asteroids, are observed in the geologic record from approximately 13,000 years ago.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 1, which hypothetical discovery would provide the most support for the impact hypothesis?\n A. An asteroid impact crater beneath the northern ice cap contains high levels of iridium and has been dated to well after the start of the Younger Dryas.\n B. Glass and carbon spherules appear at multiple points in the geologic record but never in conjunction with iridium deposits.\n C. Analysis of ice cores suggests that global temperatures started declining approximately 13,000 years before the onset of the Younger Dryas.\n D. High levels of osmium, which is rare on Earth but relatively common in asteroids, are observed in the geologic record from approximately 13,000 years ago.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 1, which hypothetical discovery would provide the most support for the impact hypothesis?\n A. An asteroid impact crater beneath the northern ice cap contains high levels of iridium and has been dated to well after the start of the Younger Dryas.\n B. Glass and carbon spherules appear at multiple points in the geologic record but never in conjunction with iridium deposits.\n C. Analysis of ice cores suggests that global temperatures started declining approximately 13,000 years before the onset of the Younger Dryas.\n D. High levels of osmium, which is rare on Earth but relatively common in asteroids, are observed in the geologic record from approximately 13,000 years ago.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.At the 2007 American Geophysical Union\u2019s.meeting in Acapulco, Mexico, some two dozen.scientists presented multiple studies arguing that a.comet or asteroid exploded above or on the northern.ice cap almost 13,000 years ago\u2014showering debris.across the North American continent and causing.temperatures to plunge for the next millennium..The team argues that its idea explains multiple.observations: not only the climate cooling and the.disappearance of the Clovis hunters, but also the.near-simultaneous extinction of the continent\u2019s large.mammals..Not all will be convinced. Several leading.hypotheses already explain each of these three events..A change in ocean circulation is generally thought to.have brought about the onset of the millennium-long.cooling, which is known as the Younger Dryas. This.cooling might, in turn, have caused the Clovis.hunters to disappear. And, if they had not previously.been killed by disease or hunted to extinction, the big.prehistoric beasts may also have been doomed by this.change in climate..The new evidence comes in the form of.geochemical analysis of sedimentary layers at 25.archaeological sites across North America\u20149 of.them Clovis. Certain features of the layers, say the.team, suggest that they contain debris formed by an.extraterrestrial impact. These include spherules of.glass and carbon, and amounts of the element.iridium said to be too high to have originated on.Earth. In addition, the rocks contain black layers of.carbonized material, which the team says are the.remains of wildfires that swept across the continent.after the impact..Passage 2.Proponents of the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis have claimed various kinds of evidence.for the hypothesis, including deposits of the element.iridium (rare on Earth but abundant in meteorites),.microscopic diamonds (called nanodiamonds), and.magnetic particles in deposits at sites supposedly.dated to about 12,800 years ago. These claims were.sharply contested by some specialists in the relevant.fields, however, who either did not detect such.evidence or argued that the deposits had other causes.than a cosmic impact. For example, some say that.nanodiamonds are common in ordinary geological.formations, and that magnetic particles could come.from ordinary fires..Now comes what some researchers consider the.strongest attack yet on the Younger Dryas impact.hypothesis. In a paper published recently in the.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,a.team led by David Meltzer, an archaeologist at.Southern Methodist University, Dallas, in Texas,.looks at the dating of 29 different sites in the.Americas, Europe, and the Middle East in which.impact advocates have reported evidence for a.cosmic collision. They include sites in which.sophisticated stone projectiles called Clovis points,.used by some of the earliest Americans to hunt.mammals beginning about 13,000 years ago, have.been found. The team argues that when the quality.and accuracy of the dating\u2014which was based on.radiocarbon and other techniques\u2014is examined.closely, only three of the 29 sites actually fall within.the time frame of the Younger Dryas onset, about 12,800 years ago; the rest were probably either earlier.or later by hundreds (and in one case, thousands) of.years..\u201cThe supposed Younger Dryas impact fails on.both theoretical and empirical grounds,\u201d says.Meltzer, who adds that the popular appeal of the.hypothesis is probably due to the way that it provides.\u201csimple explanations for complex problems.\u201d Thus,.\u201cgiant chunks of space debris clobbering the planet.and wiping out life on Earth has undeniably broad.appeal,\u201d Meltzer says, whereas \u201cno one in Hollywood.makes movies\u201d about more nuanced explanations,.such as Clovis points disappearing because early.Americans turned to other forms of stone tool.technology as the large mammals they were hunting.went extinct as a result of the changing climate or.hunting pressure..But impact proponents appear unmoved by the.new study. \u201cWe still stand fully behind the [impact.hypothesis], which is based on more than a.confluence of dates,\u201d says Richard Firestone, a.nuclear chemist at the Lawrence Berkeley National.Laboratory in California. \u201cRadiocarbon dating is a.perilous process,\u201d he contends, adding that the.presence of Clovis artifacts and mammoth bones just.under the claimed iridium, nanodiamond, and.magnetic sphere deposits is a more reliable indicator.that an extraterrestrial event was responsible for their.disappearance.\nQuestion: Based on Passage 1, which hypothetical discovery would provide the most support for the impact hypothesis?\n A. An asteroid impact crater beneath the northern ice cap contains high levels of iridium and has been dated to well after the start of the Younger Dryas.\n B. Glass and carbon spherules appear at multiple points in the geologic record but never in conjunction with iridium deposits.\n C. Analysis of ice cores suggests that global temperatures started declining approximately 13,000 years before the onset of the Younger Dryas.\n D. High levels of osmium, which is rare on Earth but relatively common in asteroids, are observed in the geologic record from approximately 13,000 years ago.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:180"}
{"index": 123, "query": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: According to the graph, during what range of yearsdid the median city population size in developingcountries initially surpass that of high-incomecountries?\n A. 1965\u20131970\n B. 1980\u20131985\n C. 1990\u20131995\n D. 2005\u20132010\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: According to the graph, during what range of yearsdid the median city population size in developingcountries initially surpass that of high-incomecountries?\n A. 1965\u20131970\n B. 1980\u20131985\n C. 1990\u20131995\n D. 2005\u20132010\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: According to the graph, during what range of yearsdid the median city population size in developingcountries initially surpass that of high-incomecountries?\n A. 1965\u20131970\n B. 1980\u20131985\n C. 1990\u20131995\n D. 2005\u20132010\nAnswer:", "full_text": "A pair of recent studies suggests that although.industrialized nations may have benefitted from larger.cities, the same is not true for the rapidly urbanizing areas of.the developing world. In these parts of the globe, there really.might be such a thing as too much urbanization, too.quickly..The studies, by Susanne A. Frick and Andr\u00e9s Rodr\u00edguez-.Pose of the London School of Economics, take a close look.at the actual connection between city size and nationwide.economic performance. Their initial study, from last year,.examines the relationship between economic development,.as measured by GDP per capita, and average metropolitan-.area size in 114 countries across the world between 1960.and 2010. To ensure robustness, it controls for variables.including national population size, physical land area,.education levels, economic openness, and other factors..The size of cities or metro areas across the world has.exploded over the past half-century, with cities in the.developing world growing much faster and much larger.than those in more developed nations. Between 1960 and 2010, the median city in high-income countries grew.modestly from 500,000 to 650,000 people; but the median.city in the developing world nearly quadrupled, expanding.from 220,000 to 845,000 people. In 1960, 12 of the top 20.countries with the largest average city size were high-.income countries; by 2010, 14 of the top 20 were in the.developing world..Urbanization has historically been thought of as a.necessary feature of economic development and growth, but.this study finds the connection is not so simple. While.advanced nations benefit from having larger cities,.developing nations do not. Advanced nations experience a 0.7 percent increase in economic growth for every.additional 100,000 in average population among its large.cities over a five-year period. But for developing nations, the.addition of 100,000 people in large cities is associated with a 2.3 percent decrease in economic growth over a five-year.period..In their latest study, the researchers found that.developing nations tend to get a bigger bang for their buck.from smaller and medium-size cities. These countries see.the most economic benefit from having a larger proportion.of their urban population living in cities of 500,000 people.or less. Bigger cities tend to have a more positive economic.impact in larger countries. Having a metro with more than 10 million inhabitants produces a nationwide economic.benefit only if the total urban population is 28.5 million.or more, according to the study. This makes sense:.Bigger, more developed countries are more likely to play.host to knowledge-based industries that require urban.agglomeration economies..There are several reasons why megacities^1 often fail to.spur significant growth in the rapidly urbanizing world..For one, the lion\u2019s share of places that are urbanizing.most rapidly today are in the poorest and least-.developed parts of the world, whereas the places that.urbanized a century or so ago were in the richest and.most developed. This history has created a false.expectation that urbanization is always associated with.prosperity..Additionally, globalization has severed the historical.connection between cities, local agriculture, and local.industry that powered the more balanced urban.economic development of the past. In today\u2019s globally.interconnected economy, the raw materials that flowed.from the surrounding countryside to the city can all be.inexpensively imported from other parts of the world..The result is that the connection between large cities and.growth has now become much more tenuous, producing.a troubling new pattern of \u201curbanization without.growth.\u201d.The researchers used multiple variables to calculate a weighted average.city size for each country studied and reported the median of those.averages..(^1) Typically defined as cities with populations of over ten million people\nQuestion: According to the graph, during what range of yearsdid the median city population size in developingcountries initially surpass that of high-incomecountries?\n A. 1965\u20131970\n B. 1980\u20131985\n C. 1990\u20131995\n D. 2005\u20132010\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:123"}
{"index": 151, "query": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passages that their authors would both agree that wild tiger population sizes are\n A. recovering more fully in certain countries than in others.\n B. beginning to return to the levels recorded in 2010.\n C. responding predictably to aggressive conservation attempts.\n D. declining steadily despite continual human intervention.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passages that their authors would both agree that wild tiger population sizes are\n A. recovering more fully in certain countries than in others.\n B. beginning to return to the levels recorded in 2010.\n C. responding predictably to aggressive conservation attempts.\n D. declining steadily despite continual human intervention.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passages that their authors would both agree that wild tiger population sizes are\n A. recovering more fully in certain countries than in others.\n B. beginning to return to the levels recorded in 2010.\n C. responding predictably to aggressive conservation attempts.\n D. declining steadily despite continual human intervention.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.After years of hard work by conservationists.throughout Asia, a new study brings good news for.the world\u2019s wild tigers. According to a new report by.the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the number of.tigers living in the wild may have been slowly rising.over the last several years. If continued surveys prove.this to be true, this would mark the first time in more.than a century that tiger populations have grown..In a study compiling surveys taken across Asia,.researchers at the WWF found that there are at least 3,890 tigers living in the wild today\u2014a considerable.increase from the 3,200 recorded in 2010. The study.suggests that the commitment to and success of.conservation programs in some countries have.contributed to the overall growth of the global tiger.population..\u201cIt\u2019s a positive trend,\u201d Ginette Hemley, the WWF\u2019s.senior vice president of wildlife conservation, says..\u201cWe\u2019re cautiously hopeful.\u201d.Counting wild tigers, however, isn\u2019t easy. While.tens of thousands of tigers once roamed Asia from.Turkey to Indonesia, their habitats have become tiny.and scattered during the last century. Wild tigers are.notoriously elusive, preferring to hide out in hard-to-.reach places in jungle undergrowth and high.mountains..Combined with their low numbers, these factors.can make them difficult to keep track of, which can.leave some uncertainty as to whether the populations.are truly on the rise. The increased numbers may in.part reflect better surveying methods..Additionally, while the global number of wild.tigers appears to have gone up, a country-by-country.analysis is more sobering. Though several countries.including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Russia may have.gone up in recent years, others have seen tigers.disappear thanks to poaching and habitat loss..Passage 2.Photographic capture-recapture and large-scale.occupancy modeling are now used to estimate tiger.numbers and range in several countries across Asia..(Scientists who study other elusive carnivores with.unique body markings, including African wild dogs.and wolverines, are also employing these approaches.).Yet on the whole, although the science of tiger.population assessment has rapidly progressed, its.adoption by governmental and nongovernmental.conservation agencies has not, whether because of a.lack of understanding of or comfort with the new.methods or because the old methods cast a more.flattering light on their efforts..A recent example illustrates just how insidious.reliance on outdated tools is. In April the WWF and.the Global Tiger Forum announced to great fanfare.that the planet\u2019s wild tiger population was at last on.the rise, numbering 3,890 individuals. These groups.aim to increase the number of tigers to 6,000 by 2022..But their tally, based on official estimates, relied on.flawed methodologies, including the use of.statistically weak extrapolations from tiger.photographs and field counts of spoor.^1 And their.goal for population growth far exceeds what one.would expect to realize on the basis of studies carried.out using more rigorous techniques. Furthermore,.apart from the increases in tigers in a few reserves in.India and parts of Thailand, there are no convincing.data to show that populations are recovering in the.rest of Southeast Asia or Russia. Indeed, countries.such as Cambodia, Vietnam and China have lost their.viable tiger populations in recent years\u2014losses.masked by any single global tiger number..Speculative tiger numbers for countries and.regions undermine efforts to save tigers by distracting.conservationists and the public from what should be.our top priority: guarding and growing the source.populations.^2 In a way, the overall number of wild.tigers, if we could even get an accurate count, may not.matter. The source populations are the ones we need.to monitor vigilantly, using the best science available.to track their numbers. Only with reliable counts can.we set realistic goals for future growth, develop.suitable strategies for meeting those goals and.measure the impact of our conservation efforts..(^1) Animal droppings.(^2) Animals located in areas with suitable conditions for reproduction.to take place.History shows that scientific progress can stall.from lack of understanding, institutional inertia and.political considerations for decades or even centuries..But as the world enters into the sixth mass extinction.of wild species, we simply cannot afford to divorce.conservation practices from sound science if we are to.have any hope of saving a wildlife icon like the.majestic tiger.\nQuestion: It can reasonably be inferred from the passages that their authors would both agree that wild tiger population sizes are\n A. recovering more fully in certain countries than in others.\n B. beginning to return to the levels recorded in 2010.\n C. responding predictably to aggressive conservation attempts.\n D. declining steadily despite continual human intervention.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:151"}
{"index": 73, "query": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which statement best describes a technique the narrator uses to represent Silas's character before he adopted Eppie?\n A. The narrator emphasizes Silas's former obsession with wealth by depicting his gold as requiring certain behaviors on his part.\n B. The narrator underscores Silas's former greed by describing his gold as seeming to reproduce on its own.\n C. The narrator hints at Silas's former antisocial attitude by contrasting his present behavior toward his neighbors with his past behavior toward them.\n D. The narrator demonstrates Silas's former lack of self-awareness by implying that he is unable to recall life before Eppie.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which statement best describes a technique the narrator uses to represent Silas's character before he adopted Eppie?\n A. The narrator emphasizes Silas's former obsession with wealth by depicting his gold as requiring certain behaviors on his part.\n B. The narrator underscores Silas's former greed by describing his gold as seeming to reproduce on its own.\n C. The narrator hints at Silas's former antisocial attitude by contrasting his present behavior toward his neighbors with his past behavior toward them.\n D. The narrator demonstrates Silas's former lack of self-awareness by implying that he is unable to recall life before Eppie.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which statement best describes a technique the narrator uses to represent Silas's character before he adopted Eppie?\n A. The narrator emphasizes Silas's former obsession with wealth by depicting his gold as requiring certain behaviors on his part.\n B. The narrator underscores Silas's former greed by describing his gold as seeming to reproduce on its own.\n C. The narrator hints at Silas's former antisocial attitude by contrasting his present behavior toward his neighbors with his past behavior toward them.\n D. The narrator demonstrates Silas's former lack of self-awareness by implying that he is unable to recall life before Eppie.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Unlike the gold which needed nothing, and must be worshipped in close-locked solitude - which was hidden away from the daylight, was deaf to the song  of birds, and started to no human tones-Eppie was a 5 creature of endless claims and ever-growing desires, seeking and loving sunshine, and living sounds, and living movements; making trial of everything, with trust in new joy, and stirring the human kindness in all eyes that looked on her. The gold had kept his10 thoughts in an ever-repeated circle, leading to nothing beyond itself; but Eppie was an object compacted of changes and hopes that forced his thoughts onward, and carried them far away from their old eager pacing towards the same blank15 limit-carried them away to the new things that would come with the coming years, when Eppie would have learned to understand how her father Silas cared for her; and made him look for images of that time in the ties and charities that bound together 20 the families of his neighbors. The gold had asked that he should sit weaving longer and longer, deafened and blinded more and more to all things except the monotony of his loom and the repetition of his web; but Eppie called him away from his weaving, and25 made him think all its pauses a holiday, reawakening his senses with her fresh life, even to the old winter-flies that came crawling forth in the early spring sunshine, and warming him into joy because she had joy.30 And when the sunshine grew strong and lasting, so that the buttercups were thick in the meadows, Silas might be seen in the sunny mid-day, or in the late afternoon when the shadows were lengthening under the hedgerows, strolling out with uncovered35 head to carry Eppie beyond the Stone-pits to where the flowers grew, till they reached some favorite bank where he could sit down, while Eppie toddled to pluck the flowers, and make remarks to the winged things that murmured happily above the bright40 petals, calling \"Dad-dad's\" attention continually by bringing him the flowers. Then she would turn her ear to some sudden bird-note, and Silas learned to please her by making signs of hushed stillness, that they might listen for the note to come again: so that45 when it came, she set up her small back and laughed with gurgling triumph. Sitting on the banks in this way, Silas began to look for the once familiar herbs again; and as the leaves, with their unchanged outline and markings, lay on his palm, there was a sense of 50 crowding remembrances from which he turned away timidly, taking refuge in Eppie's little world, that lay lightly on his enfeebled spirit. As the child's mind was growing into knowledge, his mind was growing into memory: as her lifeunfolded, his soul, long stupefied in a cold narrow prison, was unfolding too, and trembling gradually into full consciousness.It was an influence which must gather force with every new year: the tones that stirred Silas' heart60 grew articulate, and called for more distinct answers; shapes and sounds grew clearer for Eppie's eyes and ears, and there was more that \"Dad-dad\" was imperatively required to notice and account for. Also, by the time Eppie was three years old, she65 developed a fine capacity for mischief, and for devising ingenious ways of being troublesome, which found much exercise, not only for Silas' patience, but for his watchfulness and penetration. Sorely was poor Silas puzzled on such occasions by the incompatible 70 demands of love.\nQuestion: Which statement best describes a technique the narrator uses to represent Silas's character before he adopted Eppie?\n A. The narrator emphasizes Silas's former obsession with wealth by depicting his gold as requiring certain behaviors on his part.\n B. The narrator underscores Silas's former greed by describing his gold as seeming to reproduce on its own.\n C. The narrator hints at Silas's former antisocial attitude by contrasting his present behavior toward his neighbors with his past behavior toward them.\n D. The narrator demonstrates Silas's former lack of self-awareness by implying that he is unable to recall life before Eppie.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:73"}
{"index": 128, "query": "Passage 1.The brains of humans are conspicuously larger than the.brains of other apes, but the human-specific genetic.factors responsible for the uniquely large human.neocortex remain obscure. Since humans split from.chimps, which have brains roughly a third of human size,.the human genome has undergone roughly 15 million.changes. Which of these genetic tweaks could have led to.big brains?.About six years ago, scientists in David Haussler\u2019s lab at.Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered a gene called.NOTCH2NL. It\u2019s a relative of NOTCH2, a gene that.scientists knew was central to early brain development..NOTCH2 controls vital decisions regarding when and how.many neurons to make..When the Haussler team looked in the official version.of the human genome at that time^1 \u2014version 37\u2014.NOTCH2NL appeared to be located in chromosome 1.near a region linked to abnormal brain size. Delete a hunk.of the region, and brains tend to shrink. Duplicate part of.it, and brains tend to overgrow..\u201cWe thought, \u2018Oh, this is incredible,\u2019\u201d Haussler said..NOTCH2NL seemed to check all the boxes for a key role.in human brain development. But when the team mapped.NOTCH2NL\u2019s precise location in the genome, they.discovered the gene wasn\u2019t actually in the relevant.chromosomal region after all; the once-promising.candidate seemed to be a dud..\u201cWe were downhearted,\u201d Haussler recalled. That all.changed with the next official version of the human.genome\u2014version 38. In this iteration, NOTCH2NL was.located in the crucial region. \u201cAnd there were three.versions of it,\u201d Haussler exclaimed. Over the last three.million years, his team calculated, NOTCH2NL was.repeatedly copy-pasted into the genome, what he calls \u201ca.series of genetic accidents.\u201d.Genetic analysis of several primate species revealed that.the three genes exist only in humans and their recent.relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans, not in.chimpanzees, gorillas, or orangutans. What\u2019s more, the.timing of these genes\u2019 emergence matches up with the.period in the fossil record when our ancestors\u2019 craniums.began to enlarge, Haussler points out. Together, the results.suggest that NOTCH2NL genes played a role in beefing.up human brain size..Passage 2.Modern humans have brains that are more than three.times larger than our closest living relatives,.chimpanzees and bonobos. Scientists don\u2019t agree on.when and how this dramatic increase took place, but.new analysis of 94 hominin fossils shows that average.brain size increased gradually and consistently over the.past three million years..The research, published in The Proceedings of the.Royal Society B, shows that the trend was caused.primarily by evolution of larger brains within.populations of individual species, but the introduction of.new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones also played a part..\u201cBrain size is one of the most obvious traits that.makes us human. It\u2019s related to cultural complexity,.language, tool making and all these other things that.make us unique,\u201d said Andrew Du, PhD, a postdoctoral.scholar at the University of Chicago and first author of.the study. \u201cThe earliest hominins had brain sizes like.chimpanzees, and they have increased dramatically since.then. So, it\u2019s important to understand how we got here.\u201d.Du and his colleagues compared published research.data on the skull volumes of 94 fossil specimens from 13.different species, beginning with the earliest.unambiguous human ancestors, Australopithecus, from 3.2 million years ago to pre-modern species, including.Homo erectus, from 500,000 years ago when brain size.began to overlap with that of modern-day humans..The researchers saw that when the species were.counted at the clade level, or groups descending from a.common ancestor, the average brain size increased.gradually over three million years. Looking more closely,.the increase was driven by three different factors,.primarily evolution of larger brain sizes within.individual species populations, but also by the addition.of new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones..The study quantifies for the first time when and by.how much each of these factors contributes to the clade-.level pattern. Du said he likens it to how a football coach.might build a roster of bigger, strong players. One way.would be to make all the players hit the weight room to.bulk up. But the coach could also recruit new, larger.players and cut the smallest ones..(^1) The reference version of the human genome goes through updates to.more completely map out each chromosomal sequence.\nQuestion: Both passages state that the modern human brain is about three times larger than the brains of\n A. bonobos.\n B. chimpanzees.\n C. early hominins.\n D. Neanderthals.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage 1.The brains of humans are conspicuously larger than the.brains of other apes, but the human-specific genetic.factors responsible for the uniquely large human.neocortex remain obscure. Since humans split from.chimps, which have brains roughly a third of human size,.the human genome has undergone roughly 15 million.changes. Which of these genetic tweaks could have led to.big brains?.About six years ago, scientists in David Haussler\u2019s lab at.Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered a gene called.NOTCH2NL. It\u2019s a relative of NOTCH2, a gene that.scientists knew was central to early brain development..NOTCH2 controls vital decisions regarding when and how.many neurons to make..When the Haussler team looked in the official version.of the human genome at that time^1 \u2014version 37\u2014.NOTCH2NL appeared to be located in chromosome 1.near a region linked to abnormal brain size. Delete a hunk.of the region, and brains tend to shrink. Duplicate part of.it, and brains tend to overgrow..\u201cWe thought, \u2018Oh, this is incredible,\u2019\u201d Haussler said..NOTCH2NL seemed to check all the boxes for a key role.in human brain development. But when the team mapped.NOTCH2NL\u2019s precise location in the genome, they.discovered the gene wasn\u2019t actually in the relevant.chromosomal region after all; the once-promising.candidate seemed to be a dud..\u201cWe were downhearted,\u201d Haussler recalled. That all.changed with the next official version of the human.genome\u2014version 38. In this iteration, NOTCH2NL was.located in the crucial region. \u201cAnd there were three.versions of it,\u201d Haussler exclaimed. Over the last three.million years, his team calculated, NOTCH2NL was.repeatedly copy-pasted into the genome, what he calls \u201ca.series of genetic accidents.\u201d.Genetic analysis of several primate species revealed that.the three genes exist only in humans and their recent.relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans, not in.chimpanzees, gorillas, or orangutans. What\u2019s more, the.timing of these genes\u2019 emergence matches up with the.period in the fossil record when our ancestors\u2019 craniums.began to enlarge, Haussler points out. Together, the results.suggest that NOTCH2NL genes played a role in beefing.up human brain size..Passage 2.Modern humans have brains that are more than three.times larger than our closest living relatives,.chimpanzees and bonobos. Scientists don\u2019t agree on.when and how this dramatic increase took place, but.new analysis of 94 hominin fossils shows that average.brain size increased gradually and consistently over the.past three million years..The research, published in The Proceedings of the.Royal Society B, shows that the trend was caused.primarily by evolution of larger brains within.populations of individual species, but the introduction of.new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones also played a part..\u201cBrain size is one of the most obvious traits that.makes us human. It\u2019s related to cultural complexity,.language, tool making and all these other things that.make us unique,\u201d said Andrew Du, PhD, a postdoctoral.scholar at the University of Chicago and first author of.the study. \u201cThe earliest hominins had brain sizes like.chimpanzees, and they have increased dramatically since.then. So, it\u2019s important to understand how we got here.\u201d.Du and his colleagues compared published research.data on the skull volumes of 94 fossil specimens from 13.different species, beginning with the earliest.unambiguous human ancestors, Australopithecus, from 3.2 million years ago to pre-modern species, including.Homo erectus, from 500,000 years ago when brain size.began to overlap with that of modern-day humans..The researchers saw that when the species were.counted at the clade level, or groups descending from a.common ancestor, the average brain size increased.gradually over three million years. Looking more closely,.the increase was driven by three different factors,.primarily evolution of larger brain sizes within.individual species populations, but also by the addition.of new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones..The study quantifies for the first time when and by.how much each of these factors contributes to the clade-.level pattern. Du said he likens it to how a football coach.might build a roster of bigger, strong players. One way.would be to make all the players hit the weight room to.bulk up. But the coach could also recruit new, larger.players and cut the smallest ones..(^1) The reference version of the human genome goes through updates to.more completely map out each chromosomal sequence.\nQuestion: Both passages state that the modern human brain is about three times larger than the brains of\n A. bonobos.\n B. chimpanzees.\n C. early hominins.\n D. Neanderthals.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 1.The brains of humans are conspicuously larger than the.brains of other apes, but the human-specific genetic.factors responsible for the uniquely large human.neocortex remain obscure. Since humans split from.chimps, which have brains roughly a third of human size,.the human genome has undergone roughly 15 million.changes. Which of these genetic tweaks could have led to.big brains?.About six years ago, scientists in David Haussler\u2019s lab at.Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered a gene called.NOTCH2NL. It\u2019s a relative of NOTCH2, a gene that.scientists knew was central to early brain development..NOTCH2 controls vital decisions regarding when and how.many neurons to make..When the Haussler team looked in the official version.of the human genome at that time^1 \u2014version 37\u2014.NOTCH2NL appeared to be located in chromosome 1.near a region linked to abnormal brain size. Delete a hunk.of the region, and brains tend to shrink. Duplicate part of.it, and brains tend to overgrow..\u201cWe thought, \u2018Oh, this is incredible,\u2019\u201d Haussler said..NOTCH2NL seemed to check all the boxes for a key role.in human brain development. But when the team mapped.NOTCH2NL\u2019s precise location in the genome, they.discovered the gene wasn\u2019t actually in the relevant.chromosomal region after all; the once-promising.candidate seemed to be a dud..\u201cWe were downhearted,\u201d Haussler recalled. That all.changed with the next official version of the human.genome\u2014version 38. In this iteration, NOTCH2NL was.located in the crucial region. \u201cAnd there were three.versions of it,\u201d Haussler exclaimed. Over the last three.million years, his team calculated, NOTCH2NL was.repeatedly copy-pasted into the genome, what he calls \u201ca.series of genetic accidents.\u201d.Genetic analysis of several primate species revealed that.the three genes exist only in humans and their recent.relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans, not in.chimpanzees, gorillas, or orangutans. What\u2019s more, the.timing of these genes\u2019 emergence matches up with the.period in the fossil record when our ancestors\u2019 craniums.began to enlarge, Haussler points out. Together, the results.suggest that NOTCH2NL genes played a role in beefing.up human brain size..Passage 2.Modern humans have brains that are more than three.times larger than our closest living relatives,.chimpanzees and bonobos. Scientists don\u2019t agree on.when and how this dramatic increase took place, but.new analysis of 94 hominin fossils shows that average.brain size increased gradually and consistently over the.past three million years..The research, published in The Proceedings of the.Royal Society B, shows that the trend was caused.primarily by evolution of larger brains within.populations of individual species, but the introduction of.new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones also played a part..\u201cBrain size is one of the most obvious traits that.makes us human. It\u2019s related to cultural complexity,.language, tool making and all these other things that.make us unique,\u201d said Andrew Du, PhD, a postdoctoral.scholar at the University of Chicago and first author of.the study. \u201cThe earliest hominins had brain sizes like.chimpanzees, and they have increased dramatically since.then. So, it\u2019s important to understand how we got here.\u201d.Du and his colleagues compared published research.data on the skull volumes of 94 fossil specimens from 13.different species, beginning with the earliest.unambiguous human ancestors, Australopithecus, from 3.2 million years ago to pre-modern species, including.Homo erectus, from 500,000 years ago when brain size.began to overlap with that of modern-day humans..The researchers saw that when the species were.counted at the clade level, or groups descending from a.common ancestor, the average brain size increased.gradually over three million years. Looking more closely,.the increase was driven by three different factors,.primarily evolution of larger brain sizes within.individual species populations, but also by the addition.of new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones..The study quantifies for the first time when and by.how much each of these factors contributes to the clade-.level pattern. Du said he likens it to how a football coach.might build a roster of bigger, strong players. One way.would be to make all the players hit the weight room to.bulk up. But the coach could also recruit new, larger.players and cut the smallest ones..(^1) The reference version of the human genome goes through updates to.more completely map out each chromosomal sequence.\nQuestion: Both passages state that the modern human brain is about three times larger than the brains of\n A. bonobos.\n B. chimpanzees.\n C. early hominins.\n D. Neanderthals.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 1.The brains of humans are conspicuously larger than the.brains of other apes, but the human-specific genetic.factors responsible for the uniquely large human.neocortex remain obscure. Since humans split from.chimps, which have brains roughly a third of human size,.the human genome has undergone roughly 15 million.changes. Which of these genetic tweaks could have led to.big brains?.About six years ago, scientists in David Haussler\u2019s lab at.Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered a gene called.NOTCH2NL. It\u2019s a relative of NOTCH2, a gene that.scientists knew was central to early brain development..NOTCH2 controls vital decisions regarding when and how.many neurons to make..When the Haussler team looked in the official version.of the human genome at that time^1 \u2014version 37\u2014.NOTCH2NL appeared to be located in chromosome 1.near a region linked to abnormal brain size. Delete a hunk.of the region, and brains tend to shrink. Duplicate part of.it, and brains tend to overgrow..\u201cWe thought, \u2018Oh, this is incredible,\u2019\u201d Haussler said..NOTCH2NL seemed to check all the boxes for a key role.in human brain development. But when the team mapped.NOTCH2NL\u2019s precise location in the genome, they.discovered the gene wasn\u2019t actually in the relevant.chromosomal region after all; the once-promising.candidate seemed to be a dud..\u201cWe were downhearted,\u201d Haussler recalled. That all.changed with the next official version of the human.genome\u2014version 38. In this iteration, NOTCH2NL was.located in the crucial region. \u201cAnd there were three.versions of it,\u201d Haussler exclaimed. Over the last three.million years, his team calculated, NOTCH2NL was.repeatedly copy-pasted into the genome, what he calls \u201ca.series of genetic accidents.\u201d.Genetic analysis of several primate species revealed that.the three genes exist only in humans and their recent.relatives, the Neanderthals and Denisovans, not in.chimpanzees, gorillas, or orangutans. What\u2019s more, the.timing of these genes\u2019 emergence matches up with the.period in the fossil record when our ancestors\u2019 craniums.began to enlarge, Haussler points out. Together, the results.suggest that NOTCH2NL genes played a role in beefing.up human brain size..Passage 2.Modern humans have brains that are more than three.times larger than our closest living relatives,.chimpanzees and bonobos. Scientists don\u2019t agree on.when and how this dramatic increase took place, but.new analysis of 94 hominin fossils shows that average.brain size increased gradually and consistently over the.past three million years..The research, published in The Proceedings of the.Royal Society B, shows that the trend was caused.primarily by evolution of larger brains within.populations of individual species, but the introduction of.new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones also played a part..\u201cBrain size is one of the most obvious traits that.makes us human. It\u2019s related to cultural complexity,.language, tool making and all these other things that.make us unique,\u201d said Andrew Du, PhD, a postdoctoral.scholar at the University of Chicago and first author of.the study. \u201cThe earliest hominins had brain sizes like.chimpanzees, and they have increased dramatically since.then. So, it\u2019s important to understand how we got here.\u201d.Du and his colleagues compared published research.data on the skull volumes of 94 fossil specimens from 13.different species, beginning with the earliest.unambiguous human ancestors, Australopithecus, from 3.2 million years ago to pre-modern species, including.Homo erectus, from 500,000 years ago when brain size.began to overlap with that of modern-day humans..The researchers saw that when the species were.counted at the clade level, or groups descending from a.common ancestor, the average brain size increased.gradually over three million years. Looking more closely,.the increase was driven by three different factors,.primarily evolution of larger brain sizes within.individual species populations, but also by the addition.of new, larger-brained species and extinction of smaller-.brained ones..The study quantifies for the first time when and by.how much each of these factors contributes to the clade-.level pattern. Du said he likens it to how a football coach.might build a roster of bigger, strong players. One way.would be to make all the players hit the weight room to.bulk up. But the coach could also recruit new, larger.players and cut the smallest ones..(^1) The reference version of the human genome goes through updates to.more completely map out each chromosomal sequence.\nQuestion: Both passages state that the modern human brain is about three times larger than the brains of\n A. bonobos.\n B. chimpanzees.\n C. early hominins.\n D. Neanderthals.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:128"}
{"index": 64, "query": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Grimk\u00e9 makes which point about human rights?\n A. They are viewed differently in various cultures around the world.\n B. They retain their moral authority regardless of whether they are recognized by law.\n C. They are sometimes at odds with moral responsibilities.\n D. They have become more advanced and refined throughout history.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Grimk\u00e9 makes which point about human rights?\n A. They are viewed differently in various cultures around the world.\n B. They retain their moral authority regardless of whether they are recognized by law.\n C. They are sometimes at odds with moral responsibilities.\n D. They have become more advanced and refined throughout history.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Grimk\u00e9 makes which point about human rights?\n A. They are viewed differently in various cultures around the world.\n B. They retain their moral authority regardless of whether they are recognized by law.\n C. They are sometimes at odds with moral responsibilities.\n D. They have become more advanced and refined throughout history.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Passage 2 is Grimk\u00e9's response to Beecher.\\section{Passage 1}Heaven has appointed to one sex the superior, and to the other the subordinate station, and this without any reference to the character or conduct of  either. It is therefore as much for the dignity as it isfor the interest of females, in all respects to conform to the duties of this relation. ... But while woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex, it is not because it was designed that her duties or her influence should be any the less important, or 10 all-pervading. But it was designed that the mode of gaining influence and of exercising power should be altogether different and peculiar....A man may act on society by the collision of intellect, in public debate; he may urge his measures15 by a sense of shame, by fear and by personal interest; he may coerce by the combination of public sentiment; he may drive by physical force, and he does not outstep the boundaries of his sphere. But all the power, and all the conquests that are lawful to20 woman, are those only which appeal to the kindly, generous, peaceful and benevolent principles.Woman is to win every thing by peace and love; by making herself so much respected, esteemed and loved, that to yield to her opinions and to gratify her25 wishes, will be the free-will offering of the heart. But this is to be all accomplished in the domestic and social circle. There let every woman become so cultivated and refined in intellect, that her taste and judgment will be respected; so benevolent in feeling30 and action; that her motives will be reverenced;-so unassuming and unambitious, that collision and competition will be banished;-so \"gentle and easy to be entreated,\" as that every heart will repose in her presence; then, the fathers, the husbands, and the35 sons, will find an influence thrown around them, to which they will yield not only willingly but proudly....A woman may seek the aid of co-operation and combination among her own sex, to assist her in her 40 appropriate offices of piety, charity, maternal and domestic duty; but whatever, in any measure, throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant, either for herself or others - whatever binds her in a party conflict-whatever obliges her in any way to exert 45 coercive influences, throws her out of her appropriate sphere. If these general principles are correct, they are entirely opposed to the plan of arraying females in any Abolition movement.\\section{Passage 2}The investigation of the rights of the slave has led 50 me to a better understanding of my own. I have found the Anti-Slavery cause to be the high school of morals in our land-the school in which human rights are more fully investigated, and better understood and taught, than in any other. Here a 55 great fundamental principle is uplifted and illuminated, and from this central light, rays innumerable stream all around.Human beings have rights, because they are moral beings: the rights of all men grow out of their moral 60 nature; and as all men have the same moral nature, they have essentially the same rights. These rights may be wrested from the slave, but they cannot be alienated: his title to himself is as perfect now, as is that of Lyman Beecher: ${ }^{1}$ it is stamped on his moral 65 being, and is, like it, imperishable. Now if rights are founded in the nature of our moral being, then the mere circumstance of sex does not give to man higher rights and responsibilities, than to woman. To suppose that it does, would be to deny the 70 self-evident truth, that the \"physical constitution is the mere instrument of the moral nature.\" To suppose that it does, would be to break up utterly the relations, of the two natures, and to reverse their functions, exalting the animal nature into a monarch, 75 and humbling the moral into a slave; making the former a proprietor, and the latter its property.When human beings are regarded as moral beings, sex, instead of being enthroned upon the summit, administering upon rights and80 responsibilities, sinks into insignificance and nothingness. My doctrine then is, that whatever it is morally right for man to do, it is morally right for woman to do. Our duties originate, not from difference of sex, but from the diversity of our85 relations in life, the various gifts and talents committed to our care, and the different eras in which we live.1 Lyman Beecher was a famous minister and the father of Catharine Beecher.\nQuestion: In Passage 2, Grimk\u00e9 makes which point about human rights?\n A. They are viewed differently in various cultures around the world.\n B. They retain their moral authority regardless of whether they are recognized by law.\n C. They are sometimes at odds with moral responsibilities.\n D. They have become more advanced and refined throughout history.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_sat-en::retrieval:64"}
{"index": 142, "query": "Question: Two cars are travelling from the same starting point in the same direction, having started their commute at the same time. The first car travels at a steady rate of 55 mph, while the second travels at a steady rate of 52 mph. How much time will pass before the cars are 15 miles away from each other?\n A. 3 hours\n B. 5 hours\n C. 6 hours\n D. 4 hours\n E. 7 hours\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Two cars are travelling from the same starting point in the same direction, having started their commute at the same time. The first car travels at a steady rate of 55 mph, while the second travels at a steady rate of 52 mph. How much time will pass before the cars are 15 miles away from each other?\n A. 3 hours\n B. 5 hours\n C. 6 hours\n D. 4 hours\n E. 7 hours\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Two cars are travelling from the same starting point in the same direction, having started their commute at the same time. The first car travels at a steady rate of 55 mph, while the second travels at a steady rate of 52 mph. How much time will pass before the cars are 15 miles away from each other?\n A. 3 hours\n B. 5 hours\n C. 6 hours\n D. 4 hours\n E. 7 hours\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Two cars are travelling from the same starting point in the same direction, having started their commute at the same time. The first car travels at a steady rate of 55 mph, while the second travels at a steady rate of 52 mph. How much time will pass before the cars are 15 miles away from each other?\n A. 3 hours\n B. 5 hours\n C. 6 hours\n D. 4 hours\n E. 7 hours\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 21, "query": "Question: Alex and Jacob works at a toy shop that make toys. Alex takes 7 hours to make a toy, and Jacob takes 9 hours to make a toy. During a month, both of them makes 35 toys in total. If both of them have worked for almost similar number of hours how many toys have been prepared by Jacob?\n A. 15\n B. 16\n C. 17\n D. 18\n E. 19\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Alex and Jacob works at a toy shop that make toys. Alex takes 7 hours to make a toy, and Jacob takes 9 hours to make a toy. During a month, both of them makes 35 toys in total. If both of them have worked for almost similar number of hours how many toys have been prepared by Jacob?\n A. 15\n B. 16\n C. 17\n D. 18\n E. 19\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Alex and Jacob works at a toy shop that make toys. Alex takes 7 hours to make a toy, and Jacob takes 9 hours to make a toy. During a month, both of them makes 35 toys in total. If both of them have worked for almost similar number of hours how many toys have been prepared by Jacob?\n A. 15\n B. 16\n C. 17\n D. 18\n E. 19\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Alex and Jacob works at a toy shop that make toys. Alex takes 7 hours to make a toy, and Jacob takes 9 hours to make a toy. During a month, both of them makes 35 toys in total. If both of them have worked for almost similar number of hours how many toys have been prepared by Jacob?\n A. 15\n B. 16\n C. 17\n D. 18\n E. 19\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:21"}
{"index": 165, "query": "Question: If x<0, y>0, and |x^3| > |y^2|, which of the following must be true?\n A. x > y\n B. y^2 > x^2\n C. -x^3 < y^2\n D. \u2013x < y\n E. x < \u2013y\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: If x<0, y>0, and |x^3| > |y^2|, which of the following must be true?\n A. x > y\n B. y^2 > x^2\n C. -x^3 < y^2\n D. \u2013x < y\n E. x < \u2013y\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If x<0, y>0, and |x^3| > |y^2|, which of the following must be true?\n A. x > y\n B. y^2 > x^2\n C. -x^3 < y^2\n D. \u2013x < y\n E. x < \u2013y\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If x<0, y>0, and |x^3| > |y^2|, which of the following must be true?\n A. x > y\n B. y^2 > x^2\n C. -x^3 < y^2\n D. \u2013x < y\n E. x < \u2013y\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:165"}
{"index": 214, "query": "Question: IF one gallon of soft drink is made of 40% orange juice and 60% water, how many additional gallons of orange juice must be mixed in order to make the orange juice 60% of the soft drink?\n A. 0.5\n B. 1\n C. 1.25\n D. 1.5\n E. 2\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: IF one gallon of soft drink is made of 40% orange juice and 60% water, how many additional gallons of orange juice must be mixed in order to make the orange juice 60% of the soft drink?\n A. 0.5\n B. 1\n C. 1.25\n D. 1.5\n E. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: IF one gallon of soft drink is made of 40% orange juice and 60% water, how many additional gallons of orange juice must be mixed in order to make the orange juice 60% of the soft drink?\n A. 0.5\n B. 1\n C. 1.25\n D. 1.5\n E. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: IF one gallon of soft drink is made of 40% orange juice and 60% water, how many additional gallons of orange juice must be mixed in order to make the orange juice 60% of the soft drink?\n A. 0.5\n B. 1\n C. 1.25\n D. 1.5\n E. 2\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:214"}
{"index": 122, "query": "Question: Kevin drove from A to B at a constant speed of 70 mph. Once he reached B, he turned right around with pause, and returned to A at a constant speed of 90 mph. Exactly 3 hours before the end of his trip, he was still approaching B, only 70 miles away from it. What is the distance between A and B?\n A. 180\n B. 90\n C. 270\n D. 360\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Kevin drove from A to B at a constant speed of 70 mph. Once he reached B, he turned right around with pause, and returned to A at a constant speed of 90 mph. Exactly 3 hours before the end of his trip, he was still approaching B, only 70 miles away from it. What is the distance between A and B?\n A. 180\n B. 90\n C. 270\n D. 360\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Kevin drove from A to B at a constant speed of 70 mph. Once he reached B, he turned right around with pause, and returned to A at a constant speed of 90 mph. Exactly 3 hours before the end of his trip, he was still approaching B, only 70 miles away from it. What is the distance between A and B?\n A. 180\n B. 90\n C. 270\n D. 360\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Kevin drove from A to B at a constant speed of 70 mph. Once he reached B, he turned right around with pause, and returned to A at a constant speed of 90 mph. Exactly 3 hours before the end of his trip, he was still approaching B, only 70 miles away from it. What is the distance between A and B?\n A. 180\n B. 90\n C. 270\n D. 360\n E. None of the above\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:122"}
{"index": 242, "query": "Question: If one third of 3/4 of a number is 21. Then, find the number?\n A. 84\n B. 66\n C. 28\n D. 19\n E. 11\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: If one third of 3/4 of a number is 21. Then, find the number?\n A. 84\n B. 66\n C. 28\n D. 19\n E. 11\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If one third of 3/4 of a number is 21. Then, find the number?\n A. 84\n B. 66\n C. 28\n D. 19\n E. 11\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If one third of 3/4 of a number is 21. Then, find the number?\n A. 84\n B. 66\n C. 28\n D. 19\n E. 11\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:242"}
{"index": 44, "query": "Question: At Daifu university, 24% of all students are members of both a chess club and a swim team. If 20% of members of the swim team are not members of the chess club, what percentage of all Daifu students are members of the swim team?\n A. 20%\n B. 30%\n C. 40%\n D. 50%\n E. 60%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: At Daifu university, 24% of all students are members of both a chess club and a swim team. If 20% of members of the swim team are not members of the chess club, what percentage of all Daifu students are members of the swim team?\n A. 20%\n B. 30%\n C. 40%\n D. 50%\n E. 60%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: At Daifu university, 24% of all students are members of both a chess club and a swim team. If 20% of members of the swim team are not members of the chess club, what percentage of all Daifu students are members of the swim team?\n A. 20%\n B. 30%\n C. 40%\n D. 50%\n E. 60%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: At Daifu university, 24% of all students are members of both a chess club and a swim team. If 20% of members of the swim team are not members of the chess club, what percentage of all Daifu students are members of the swim team?\n A. 20%\n B. 30%\n C. 40%\n D. 50%\n E. 60%\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 135, "query": "Question: If there are 5,000 voters out of which 20% are not eligible to vote and there are two candidates contesting. The winning candidate won by 15% of the votes. What is the total number of votes he got ?\n A. 3267\n B. 2678\n C. 2797\n D. 2300\n E. 2781\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If there are 5,000 voters out of which 20% are not eligible to vote and there are two candidates contesting. The winning candidate won by 15% of the votes. What is the total number of votes he got ?\n A. 3267\n B. 2678\n C. 2797\n D. 2300\n E. 2781\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If there are 5,000 voters out of which 20% are not eligible to vote and there are two candidates contesting. The winning candidate won by 15% of the votes. What is the total number of votes he got ?\n A. 3267\n B. 2678\n C. 2797\n D. 2300\n E. 2781\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If there are 5,000 voters out of which 20% are not eligible to vote and there are two candidates contesting. The winning candidate won by 15% of the votes. What is the total number of votes he got ?\n A. 3267\n B. 2678\n C. 2797\n D. 2300\n E. 2781\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:135"}
{"index": 0, "query": "Question: A car is being driven, in a straight line and at a uniform speed, towards the base of a vertical tower. The top of the tower is observed from the car and, in the process, it takes 10 minutes for the angle of elevation to change from 45\u00b0 to 60\u00b0. After how much more time will this car reach the base of the tower?\n A. 5(\u221a3 + 1)\n B. 6(\u221a3 + \u221a2)\n C. 7(\u221a3 \u2013 1)\n D. 8(\u221a3 \u2013 2)\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A car is being driven, in a straight line and at a uniform speed, towards the base of a vertical tower. The top of the tower is observed from the car and, in the process, it takes 10 minutes for the angle of elevation to change from 45\u00b0 to 60\u00b0. After how much more time will this car reach the base of the tower?\n A. 5(\u221a3 + 1)\n B. 6(\u221a3 + \u221a2)\n C. 7(\u221a3 \u2013 1)\n D. 8(\u221a3 \u2013 2)\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A car is being driven, in a straight line and at a uniform speed, towards the base of a vertical tower. The top of the tower is observed from the car and, in the process, it takes 10 minutes for the angle of elevation to change from 45\u00b0 to 60\u00b0. After how much more time will this car reach the base of the tower?\n A. 5(\u221a3 + 1)\n B. 6(\u221a3 + \u221a2)\n C. 7(\u221a3 \u2013 1)\n D. 8(\u221a3 \u2013 2)\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A car is being driven, in a straight line and at a uniform speed, towards the base of a vertical tower. The top of the tower is observed from the car and, in the process, it takes 10 minutes for the angle of elevation to change from 45\u00b0 to 60\u00b0. After how much more time will this car reach the base of the tower?\n A. 5(\u221a3 + 1)\n B. 6(\u221a3 + \u221a2)\n C. 7(\u221a3 \u2013 1)\n D. 8(\u221a3 \u2013 2)\n E. None of these\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 95, "query": "Question: A number of friends decided to go on a picnic and planned to spend Rs. 96 on eatables. Four of them, however, did not turn up. As a consequence, the remaining ones had to contribute Rs. 4 extra, each. The number of those who attended the picnic was\n A. 8\n B. 12\n C. 16\n D. 24\n E. 25\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A number of friends decided to go on a picnic and planned to spend Rs. 96 on eatables. Four of them, however, did not turn up. As a consequence, the remaining ones had to contribute Rs. 4 extra, each. The number of those who attended the picnic was\n A. 8\n B. 12\n C. 16\n D. 24\n E. 25\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A number of friends decided to go on a picnic and planned to spend Rs. 96 on eatables. Four of them, however, did not turn up. As a consequence, the remaining ones had to contribute Rs. 4 extra, each. The number of those who attended the picnic was\n A. 8\n B. 12\n C. 16\n D. 24\n E. 25\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A number of friends decided to go on a picnic and planned to spend Rs. 96 on eatables. Four of them, however, did not turn up. As a consequence, the remaining ones had to contribute Rs. 4 extra, each. The number of those who attended the picnic was\n A. 8\n B. 12\n C. 16\n D. 24\n E. 25\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:95"}
{"index": 96, "query": "Question: A wire in the shape of rectangle of length 27 cm and breadth 17 cm is rebent to form a square. What will be the measure of each side?\n A. 9\n B. 11\n C. 22\n D. 25\n E. 31\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A wire in the shape of rectangle of length 27 cm and breadth 17 cm is rebent to form a square. What will be the measure of each side?\n A. 9\n B. 11\n C. 22\n D. 25\n E. 31\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A wire in the shape of rectangle of length 27 cm and breadth 17 cm is rebent to form a square. What will be the measure of each side?\n A. 9\n B. 11\n C. 22\n D. 25\n E. 31\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A wire in the shape of rectangle of length 27 cm and breadth 17 cm is rebent to form a square. What will be the measure of each side?\n A. 9\n B. 11\n C. 22\n D. 25\n E. 31\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 145, "query": "Question: My wall contains 8 red colour ties, 13 violet colour ties,10 blue colour ties, 5 pink colour ties, 4 green colour ties. If electricity is gone and I want at least two ties of same colour then how many ties I should take out from my rack?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\n E. 6\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: My wall contains 8 red colour ties, 13 violet colour ties,10 blue colour ties, 5 pink colour ties, 4 green colour ties. If electricity is gone and I want at least two ties of same colour then how many ties I should take out from my rack?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\n E. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: My wall contains 8 red colour ties, 13 violet colour ties,10 blue colour ties, 5 pink colour ties, 4 green colour ties. If electricity is gone and I want at least two ties of same colour then how many ties I should take out from my rack?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\n E. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: My wall contains 8 red colour ties, 13 violet colour ties,10 blue colour ties, 5 pink colour ties, 4 green colour ties. If electricity is gone and I want at least two ties of same colour then how many ties I should take out from my rack?\n A. 2\n B. 3\n C. 4\n D. 5\n E. 6\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:145"}
{"index": 59, "query": "Question: The sum of the 5 consecutive two digit odd numbers when divided by 10 becomes a perfect square, which of the following can be one of these 5 numbers?\n A. 47\n B. 91\n C. 41\n D. 67\n E. 44\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: The sum of the 5 consecutive two digit odd numbers when divided by 10 becomes a perfect square, which of the following can be one of these 5 numbers?\n A. 47\n B. 91\n C. 41\n D. 67\n E. 44\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The sum of the 5 consecutive two digit odd numbers when divided by 10 becomes a perfect square, which of the following can be one of these 5 numbers?\n A. 47\n B. 91\n C. 41\n D. 67\n E. 44\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The sum of the 5 consecutive two digit odd numbers when divided by 10 becomes a perfect square, which of the following can be one of these 5 numbers?\n A. 47\n B. 91\n C. 41\n D. 67\n E. 44\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:59"}
{"index": 16, "query": "Question: Consider there is an staircase elevator and you are coming down. If you walk 20 steps and stop, then you reach bottom in 10 minutes. If you walk 10 steps and stop, you reach to the ground in 20 minutes. What is the speed of the elevator?\n A. 1 step/minute\n B. 2 step/minute\n C. 3 step/minute\n D. 4 step/minute\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Consider there is an staircase elevator and you are coming down. If you walk 20 steps and stop, then you reach bottom in 10 minutes. If you walk 10 steps and stop, you reach to the ground in 20 minutes. What is the speed of the elevator?\n A. 1 step/minute\n B. 2 step/minute\n C. 3 step/minute\n D. 4 step/minute\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Consider there is an staircase elevator and you are coming down. If you walk 20 steps and stop, then you reach bottom in 10 minutes. If you walk 10 steps and stop, you reach to the ground in 20 minutes. What is the speed of the elevator?\n A. 1 step/minute\n B. 2 step/minute\n C. 3 step/minute\n D. 4 step/minute\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Consider there is an staircase elevator and you are coming down. If you walk 20 steps and stop, then you reach bottom in 10 minutes. If you walk 10 steps and stop, you reach to the ground in 20 minutes. What is the speed of the elevator?\n A. 1 step/minute\n B. 2 step/minute\n C. 3 step/minute\n D. 4 step/minute\n E. None of the above\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:16"}
{"index": 97, "query": "Question: A man divides Rs 8600 among 5 sons, 4 daughters and 2 nephews. If each daughter receives four times as much as each nephew, and each son receives five as much as each nephew. How much does each daughter receive ?\n A. Rs 400\n B. Rs 500\n C. Rs 600\n D. Rs 700\n E. Rs 800\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: A man divides Rs 8600 among 5 sons, 4 daughters and 2 nephews. If each daughter receives four times as much as each nephew, and each son receives five as much as each nephew. How much does each daughter receive ?\n A. Rs 400\n B. Rs 500\n C. Rs 600\n D. Rs 700\n E. Rs 800\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A man divides Rs 8600 among 5 sons, 4 daughters and 2 nephews. If each daughter receives four times as much as each nephew, and each son receives five as much as each nephew. How much does each daughter receive ?\n A. Rs 400\n B. Rs 500\n C. Rs 600\n D. Rs 700\n E. Rs 800\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A man divides Rs 8600 among 5 sons, 4 daughters and 2 nephews. If each daughter receives four times as much as each nephew, and each son receives five as much as each nephew. How much does each daughter receive ?\n A. Rs 400\n B. Rs 500\n C. Rs 600\n D. Rs 700\n E. Rs 800\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:97"}
{"index": 102, "query": "Question: M men agree to purchase a gift for Rs. D. If 3 men drop out how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift?\n A. D/(M-3)\n B. MD/3\n C. M/(D-3)\n D. 3D/(M2-3M)\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: M men agree to purchase a gift for Rs. D. If 3 men drop out how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift?\n A. D/(M-3)\n B. MD/3\n C. M/(D-3)\n D. 3D/(M2-3M)\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: M men agree to purchase a gift for Rs. D. If 3 men drop out how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift?\n A. D/(M-3)\n B. MD/3\n C. M/(D-3)\n D. 3D/(M2-3M)\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: M men agree to purchase a gift for Rs. D. If 3 men drop out how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift?\n A. D/(M-3)\n B. MD/3\n C. M/(D-3)\n D. 3D/(M2-3M)\n E. None of these\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:102"}
{"index": 25, "query": "Question: A retailer sold an appliance for 40 percent above cost, which represented a gross profit of $20.00. For what price did the retailer sell the appliance?\n A. $27.30\n B. $51.00\n C. $63.00\n D. $70.00\n E. $91.00\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A retailer sold an appliance for 40 percent above cost, which represented a gross profit of $20.00. For what price did the retailer sell the appliance?\n A. $27.30\n B. $51.00\n C. $63.00\n D. $70.00\n E. $91.00\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A retailer sold an appliance for 40 percent above cost, which represented a gross profit of $20.00. For what price did the retailer sell the appliance?\n A. $27.30\n B. $51.00\n C. $63.00\n D. $70.00\n E. $91.00\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A retailer sold an appliance for 40 percent above cost, which represented a gross profit of $20.00. For what price did the retailer sell the appliance?\n A. $27.30\n B. $51.00\n C. $63.00\n D. $70.00\n E. $91.00\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 11, "query": "Question: At a certain factory, 10 percent of the staplers produced on Monday were defective and 2 percent of the non-defective staplers were rejected by mistake. If 72 of the non-defective staplers were rejected, what was the number of staplers produced that day?\n A. 4,000\n B. 4,200\n C. 4,500\n D. 4,800\n E. 5,000\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: At a certain factory, 10 percent of the staplers produced on Monday were defective and 2 percent of the non-defective staplers were rejected by mistake. If 72 of the non-defective staplers were rejected, what was the number of staplers produced that day?\n A. 4,000\n B. 4,200\n C. 4,500\n D. 4,800\n E. 5,000\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: At a certain factory, 10 percent of the staplers produced on Monday were defective and 2 percent of the non-defective staplers were rejected by mistake. If 72 of the non-defective staplers were rejected, what was the number of staplers produced that day?\n A. 4,000\n B. 4,200\n C. 4,500\n D. 4,800\n E. 5,000\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: At a certain factory, 10 percent of the staplers produced on Monday were defective and 2 percent of the non-defective staplers were rejected by mistake. If 72 of the non-defective staplers were rejected, what was the number of staplers produced that day?\n A. 4,000\n B. 4,200\n C. 4,500\n D. 4,800\n E. 5,000\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:11"}
{"index": 30, "query": "Question: The original retail price of an appliance was 60 percent more than its wholesale cost. If the appliance was actually sold for 20 percent less than the original retail price, then it was sold for what percent more than its wholesale cost?\n A. 20%\n B. 28%\n C. 36%\n D. 40%\n E. 42%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The original retail price of an appliance was 60 percent more than its wholesale cost. If the appliance was actually sold for 20 percent less than the original retail price, then it was sold for what percent more than its wholesale cost?\n A. 20%\n B. 28%\n C. 36%\n D. 40%\n E. 42%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The original retail price of an appliance was 60 percent more than its wholesale cost. If the appliance was actually sold for 20 percent less than the original retail price, then it was sold for what percent more than its wholesale cost?\n A. 20%\n B. 28%\n C. 36%\n D. 40%\n E. 42%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The original retail price of an appliance was 60 percent more than its wholesale cost. If the appliance was actually sold for 20 percent less than the original retail price, then it was sold for what percent more than its wholesale cost?\n A. 20%\n B. 28%\n C. 36%\n D. 40%\n E. 42%\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:30"}
{"index": 196, "query": "Question: At my favorite fruit stand, an orange costs 18 dollars, a pineapple costs 27 dollars, and a grape costs 15 dollars. Using the same logic, can you tell how much a mango costs?\n A. 22 dollars\n B. 15 dollars\n C. 20 dollars\n D. 18 dollars\n E. 10 dollars\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: At my favorite fruit stand, an orange costs 18 dollars, a pineapple costs 27 dollars, and a grape costs 15 dollars. Using the same logic, can you tell how much a mango costs?\n A. 22 dollars\n B. 15 dollars\n C. 20 dollars\n D. 18 dollars\n E. 10 dollars\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: At my favorite fruit stand, an orange costs 18 dollars, a pineapple costs 27 dollars, and a grape costs 15 dollars. Using the same logic, can you tell how much a mango costs?\n A. 22 dollars\n B. 15 dollars\n C. 20 dollars\n D. 18 dollars\n E. 10 dollars\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: At my favorite fruit stand, an orange costs 18 dollars, a pineapple costs 27 dollars, and a grape costs 15 dollars. Using the same logic, can you tell how much a mango costs?\n A. 22 dollars\n B. 15 dollars\n C. 20 dollars\n D. 18 dollars\n E. 10 dollars\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:196"}
{"index": 54, "query": "Question: A company contracts to paint 3 houses. Mr.Brown can paint a house in 6 days while Mr.Black would take 8 days and Mr.Blue 12 days. After 8 days Mr.Brown goes on vacation and Mr. Black begins to work for a period of 6 days. How many days will it take Mr.Blue to complete the contract?\n A. 7\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 11\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A company contracts to paint 3 houses. Mr.Brown can paint a house in 6 days while Mr.Black would take 8 days and Mr.Blue 12 days. After 8 days Mr.Brown goes on vacation and Mr. Black begins to work for a period of 6 days. How many days will it take Mr.Blue to complete the contract?\n A. 7\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 11\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A company contracts to paint 3 houses. Mr.Brown can paint a house in 6 days while Mr.Black would take 8 days and Mr.Blue 12 days. After 8 days Mr.Brown goes on vacation and Mr. Black begins to work for a period of 6 days. How many days will it take Mr.Blue to complete the contract?\n A. 7\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 11\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A company contracts to paint 3 houses. Mr.Brown can paint a house in 6 days while Mr.Black would take 8 days and Mr.Blue 12 days. After 8 days Mr.Brown goes on vacation and Mr. Black begins to work for a period of 6 days. How many days will it take Mr.Blue to complete the contract?\n A. 7\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 11\n E. 12\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:54"}
{"index": 243, "query": "Question: If m > 0, y > 0, and x is m percent of 4y, then, in terms of y, m is what percentage of x?\n A. y/400\n B. 4y\n C. 50y\n D. 2500/y\n E. 5000/y\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If m > 0, y > 0, and x is m percent of 4y, then, in terms of y, m is what percentage of x?\n A. y/400\n B. 4y\n C. 50y\n D. 2500/y\n E. 5000/y\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If m > 0, y > 0, and x is m percent of 4y, then, in terms of y, m is what percentage of x?\n A. y/400\n B. 4y\n C. 50y\n D. 2500/y\n E. 5000/y\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If m > 0, y > 0, and x is m percent of 4y, then, in terms of y, m is what percentage of x?\n A. y/400\n B. 4y\n C. 50y\n D. 2500/y\n E. 5000/y\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:243"}
{"index": 237, "query": "Question: At a conference, one team is made up of 4 men and 4 women. Four presenters are chosen to present the team's findings in front of the entire conference. How many different groups of presenters can be chosen from the team if a team cannot be composed of men only or women only? (Two groups of presenters are considered different if at least one presenter is different.)\n A. 120\n B. 19\n C. 180\n D. 420\n E. 460\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: At a conference, one team is made up of 4 men and 4 women. Four presenters are chosen to present the team's findings in front of the entire conference. How many different groups of presenters can be chosen from the team if a team cannot be composed of men only or women only? (Two groups of presenters are considered different if at least one presenter is different.)\n A. 120\n B. 19\n C. 180\n D. 420\n E. 460\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: At a conference, one team is made up of 4 men and 4 women. Four presenters are chosen to present the team's findings in front of the entire conference. How many different groups of presenters can be chosen from the team if a team cannot be composed of men only or women only? (Two groups of presenters are considered different if at least one presenter is different.)\n A. 120\n B. 19\n C. 180\n D. 420\n E. 460\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: At a conference, one team is made up of 4 men and 4 women. Four presenters are chosen to present the team's findings in front of the entire conference. How many different groups of presenters can be chosen from the team if a team cannot be composed of men only or women only? (Two groups of presenters are considered different if at least one presenter is different.)\n A. 120\n B. 19\n C. 180\n D. 420\n E. 460\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:237"}
{"index": 105, "query": "Question: Mark told John \"If you give me half your money I will have Rs.75. John said, \"if you give me one third of your money, I will have Rs.75/-. How much money did John have ?\n A. 22\n B. 60\n C. 28\n D. 26\n E. 18\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Mark told John \"If you give me half your money I will have Rs.75. John said, \"if you give me one third of your money, I will have Rs.75/-. How much money did John have ?\n A. 22\n B. 60\n C. 28\n D. 26\n E. 18\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Mark told John \"If you give me half your money I will have Rs.75. John said, \"if you give me one third of your money, I will have Rs.75/-. How much money did John have ?\n A. 22\n B. 60\n C. 28\n D. 26\n E. 18\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Mark told John \"If you give me half your money I will have Rs.75. John said, \"if you give me one third of your money, I will have Rs.75/-. How much money did John have ?\n A. 22\n B. 60\n C. 28\n D. 26\n E. 18\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:105"}
{"index": 12, "query": "Question: Machine A puts out a yo-yo every 6 minutes. Machine B puts out a yo-yo every 9 minutes. After how many minutes will they have produced 10 yo-yos?\n A. 24 minutes\n B. 32 minutes\n C. 36 minutes\n D. 64 minutes\n E. 72 minutes\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Machine A puts out a yo-yo every 6 minutes. Machine B puts out a yo-yo every 9 minutes. After how many minutes will they have produced 10 yo-yos?\n A. 24 minutes\n B. 32 minutes\n C. 36 minutes\n D. 64 minutes\n E. 72 minutes\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Machine A puts out a yo-yo every 6 minutes. Machine B puts out a yo-yo every 9 minutes. After how many minutes will they have produced 10 yo-yos?\n A. 24 minutes\n B. 32 minutes\n C. 36 minutes\n D. 64 minutes\n E. 72 minutes\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Machine A puts out a yo-yo every 6 minutes. Machine B puts out a yo-yo every 9 minutes. After how many minutes will they have produced 10 yo-yos?\n A. 24 minutes\n B. 32 minutes\n C. 36 minutes\n D. 64 minutes\n E. 72 minutes\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:12"}
{"index": 156, "query": "Question: In a survey of students, each student selected from a list of 10 songs the 2 songs that the student liked best. If each song was selected 5 times, how many students were surveyed?\n A. 96\n B. 48\n C. 32\n D. 25\n E. 18\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: In a survey of students, each student selected from a list of 10 songs the 2 songs that the student liked best. If each song was selected 5 times, how many students were surveyed?\n A. 96\n B. 48\n C. 32\n D. 25\n E. 18\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In a survey of students, each student selected from a list of 10 songs the 2 songs that the student liked best. If each song was selected 5 times, how many students were surveyed?\n A. 96\n B. 48\n C. 32\n D. 25\n E. 18\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In a survey of students, each student selected from a list of 10 songs the 2 songs that the student liked best. If each song was selected 5 times, how many students were surveyed?\n A. 96\n B. 48\n C. 32\n D. 25\n E. 18\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:156"}
{"index": 7, "query": "Question: A train running at a speed of 100 miles/hour, takes 10 hours to reach its destination. After covering quarter of the distance, it starts raining and the train has to be slowed to speed of 75 miles/hour. What is the total journey duration?\n A. 10\n B. 11.5\n C. 12.5\n D. 13.5\n E. 15\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A train running at a speed of 100 miles/hour, takes 10 hours to reach its destination. After covering quarter of the distance, it starts raining and the train has to be slowed to speed of 75 miles/hour. What is the total journey duration?\n A. 10\n B. 11.5\n C. 12.5\n D. 13.5\n E. 15\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A train running at a speed of 100 miles/hour, takes 10 hours to reach its destination. After covering quarter of the distance, it starts raining and the train has to be slowed to speed of 75 miles/hour. What is the total journey duration?\n A. 10\n B. 11.5\n C. 12.5\n D. 13.5\n E. 15\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A train running at a speed of 100 miles/hour, takes 10 hours to reach its destination. After covering quarter of the distance, it starts raining and the train has to be slowed to speed of 75 miles/hour. What is the total journey duration?\n A. 10\n B. 11.5\n C. 12.5\n D. 13.5\n E. 15\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:7"}
{"index": 141, "query": "Question: A flagstaff 17.5 metre high casts a shadow of length 40.25 metre. The height of building, which casts a shadow of length 28.75 metre under similar conditions will be :\n A. 12 metre\n B. 12.5 metre\n C. 13.5 metre\n D. 14 metre\n E. 15 metre\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A flagstaff 17.5 metre high casts a shadow of length 40.25 metre. The height of building, which casts a shadow of length 28.75 metre under similar conditions will be :\n A. 12 metre\n B. 12.5 metre\n C. 13.5 metre\n D. 14 metre\n E. 15 metre\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A flagstaff 17.5 metre high casts a shadow of length 40.25 metre. The height of building, which casts a shadow of length 28.75 metre under similar conditions will be :\n A. 12 metre\n B. 12.5 metre\n C. 13.5 metre\n D. 14 metre\n E. 15 metre\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A flagstaff 17.5 metre high casts a shadow of length 40.25 metre. The height of building, which casts a shadow of length 28.75 metre under similar conditions will be :\n A. 12 metre\n B. 12.5 metre\n C. 13.5 metre\n D. 14 metre\n E. 15 metre\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:141"}
{"index": 130, "query": "Question: A man walks at 5 kmph for 6 hrs and at 4 kmph for 12 hrs. His average speed is\n A. 4 1/3 km/h\n B. 7 2/3 km/h\n C. 9 \u00bd km/h\n D. 8 km/h\n E. 81 km/h\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A man walks at 5 kmph for 6 hrs and at 4 kmph for 12 hrs. His average speed is\n A. 4 1/3 km/h\n B. 7 2/3 km/h\n C. 9 \u00bd km/h\n D. 8 km/h\n E. 81 km/h\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A man walks at 5 kmph for 6 hrs and at 4 kmph for 12 hrs. His average speed is\n A. 4 1/3 km/h\n B. 7 2/3 km/h\n C. 9 \u00bd km/h\n D. 8 km/h\n E. 81 km/h\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A man walks at 5 kmph for 6 hrs and at 4 kmph for 12 hrs. His average speed is\n A. 4 1/3 km/h\n B. 7 2/3 km/h\n C. 9 \u00bd km/h\n D. 8 km/h\n E. 81 km/h\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:130"}
{"index": 17, "query": "Question: Last year, a Home Appliance Store sold an average(arithmetic mean) of 42 microwave ovens per month. In the first 10 months of this year,the store has sold an average(arithmetic mean) of only 20 microwave ovens per month. What was the average number of microwave ovens sold per month during the entire 22 months period ?\n A. 21\n B. 30\n C. 31\n D. 32\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Last year, a Home Appliance Store sold an average(arithmetic mean) of 42 microwave ovens per month. In the first 10 months of this year,the store has sold an average(arithmetic mean) of only 20 microwave ovens per month. What was the average number of microwave ovens sold per month during the entire 22 months period ?\n A. 21\n B. 30\n C. 31\n D. 32\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Last year, a Home Appliance Store sold an average(arithmetic mean) of 42 microwave ovens per month. In the first 10 months of this year,the store has sold an average(arithmetic mean) of only 20 microwave ovens per month. What was the average number of microwave ovens sold per month during the entire 22 months period ?\n A. 21\n B. 30\n C. 31\n D. 32\n E. None of the above\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Last year, a Home Appliance Store sold an average(arithmetic mean) of 42 microwave ovens per month. In the first 10 months of this year,the store has sold an average(arithmetic mean) of only 20 microwave ovens per month. What was the average number of microwave ovens sold per month during the entire 22 months period ?\n A. 21\n B. 30\n C. 31\n D. 32\n E. None of the above\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:17"}
{"index": 199, "query": "Question: Three friends Alan, Roger and Peter attempt to answer a question on an exam. Alan randomly guesses the answer, giving him a 1/5 probability of guessing correctly. Roger cheats by looking at the paper of the student in front of him, giving him a 2/3 probability of answering correctly. And Peter dutifully performs the calculations, then marks the answer, giving him a 5/6 probability of a correct answer. What is the probability that the question is answered correctly, but not via cheating?\n A. 1/18\n B. 1/9\n C. 23/90\n D. 5/18\n E. 13/45\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Three friends Alan, Roger and Peter attempt to answer a question on an exam. Alan randomly guesses the answer, giving him a 1/5 probability of guessing correctly. Roger cheats by looking at the paper of the student in front of him, giving him a 2/3 probability of answering correctly. And Peter dutifully performs the calculations, then marks the answer, giving him a 5/6 probability of a correct answer. What is the probability that the question is answered correctly, but not via cheating?\n A. 1/18\n B. 1/9\n C. 23/90\n D. 5/18\n E. 13/45\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Three friends Alan, Roger and Peter attempt to answer a question on an exam. Alan randomly guesses the answer, giving him a 1/5 probability of guessing correctly. Roger cheats by looking at the paper of the student in front of him, giving him a 2/3 probability of answering correctly. And Peter dutifully performs the calculations, then marks the answer, giving him a 5/6 probability of a correct answer. What is the probability that the question is answered correctly, but not via cheating?\n A. 1/18\n B. 1/9\n C. 23/90\n D. 5/18\n E. 13/45\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Three friends Alan, Roger and Peter attempt to answer a question on an exam. Alan randomly guesses the answer, giving him a 1/5 probability of guessing correctly. Roger cheats by looking at the paper of the student in front of him, giving him a 2/3 probability of answering correctly. And Peter dutifully performs the calculations, then marks the answer, giving him a 5/6 probability of a correct answer. What is the probability that the question is answered correctly, but not via cheating?\n A. 1/18\n B. 1/9\n C. 23/90\n D. 5/18\n E. 13/45\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:199"}
{"index": 49, "query": "Question: The price of a product is reduced by 30% . By what percentage should it be increased to make it 100%\n A. 41.86%\n B. 42.86%\n C. 43.86%\n D. 44.86%\n E. 45.86%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The price of a product is reduced by 30% . By what percentage should it be increased to make it 100%\n A. 41.86%\n B. 42.86%\n C. 43.86%\n D. 44.86%\n E. 45.86%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The price of a product is reduced by 30% . By what percentage should it be increased to make it 100%\n A. 41.86%\n B. 42.86%\n C. 43.86%\n D. 44.86%\n E. 45.86%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The price of a product is reduced by 30% . By what percentage should it be increased to make it 100%\n A. 41.86%\n B. 42.86%\n C. 43.86%\n D. 44.86%\n E. 45.86%\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:49"}
{"index": 197, "query": "Question: In the coordinate plane, a triangle has vertices at (a,0), (b,0), and (x,y). If a>x>b>0>y, which of the following represents the area of that triangle?\n A. (ay\u2212by)/2\n B. (ab\u2212ay)/2\n C. (by\u2212ay)/2\n D. (ay+by)/x\n E. (a\u2212b)/2y\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: In the coordinate plane, a triangle has vertices at (a,0), (b,0), and (x,y). If a>x>b>0>y, which of the following represents the area of that triangle?\n A. (ay\u2212by)/2\n B. (ab\u2212ay)/2\n C. (by\u2212ay)/2\n D. (ay+by)/x\n E. (a\u2212b)/2y\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In the coordinate plane, a triangle has vertices at (a,0), (b,0), and (x,y). If a>x>b>0>y, which of the following represents the area of that triangle?\n A. (ay\u2212by)/2\n B. (ab\u2212ay)/2\n C. (by\u2212ay)/2\n D. (ay+by)/x\n E. (a\u2212b)/2y\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In the coordinate plane, a triangle has vertices at (a,0), (b,0), and (x,y). If a>x>b>0>y, which of the following represents the area of that triangle?\n A. (ay\u2212by)/2\n B. (ab\u2212ay)/2\n C. (by\u2212ay)/2\n D. (ay+by)/x\n E. (a\u2212b)/2y\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:197"}
{"index": 48, "query": "Question: A man borrows Rs.360 If he pays it back in 12 monthly installments of Rs.31.50, what is his interest rate?\n A. 1.5%\n B. 4.5%\n C. 10%\n D. 5%\n E. 12%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A man borrows Rs.360 If he pays it back in 12 monthly installments of Rs.31.50, what is his interest rate?\n A. 1.5%\n B. 4.5%\n C. 10%\n D. 5%\n E. 12%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A man borrows Rs.360 If he pays it back in 12 monthly installments of Rs.31.50, what is his interest rate?\n A. 1.5%\n B. 4.5%\n C. 10%\n D. 5%\n E. 12%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A man borrows Rs.360 If he pays it back in 12 monthly installments of Rs.31.50, what is his interest rate?\n A. 1.5%\n B. 4.5%\n C. 10%\n D. 5%\n E. 12%\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:48"}
{"index": 6, "query": "Question: Find the total no. of distinct bike no.'s that can beformed using 2 letters followed by 2 no.'s. How many letters need to be distinct?\n A. 74453\n B. 64543\n C. 74325\n D. 65000\n E. 97656\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Find the total no. of distinct bike no.'s that can beformed using 2 letters followed by 2 no.'s. How many letters need to be distinct?\n A. 74453\n B. 64543\n C. 74325\n D. 65000\n E. 97656\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Find the total no. of distinct bike no.'s that can beformed using 2 letters followed by 2 no.'s. How many letters need to be distinct?\n A. 74453\n B. 64543\n C. 74325\n D. 65000\n E. 97656\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Find the total no. of distinct bike no.'s that can beformed using 2 letters followed by 2 no.'s. How many letters need to be distinct?\n A. 74453\n B. 64543\n C. 74325\n D. 65000\n E. 97656\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:6"}
{"index": 181, "query": "Question: Fernando purchased a university meal plan that allows him to have a total of 3 lunches and 3 dinners per week. If the cafeteria is closed on weekends and Fernando always goes home for a dinner on Friday nights, how many options does he have to allocate his meals?\n A. 5C3*4C3\n B. 5C4*4C2\n C. 5C2*4C4\n D. 5C6*4C5\n E. 4C3*4C3\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Fernando purchased a university meal plan that allows him to have a total of 3 lunches and 3 dinners per week. If the cafeteria is closed on weekends and Fernando always goes home for a dinner on Friday nights, how many options does he have to allocate his meals?\n A. 5C3*4C3\n B. 5C4*4C2\n C. 5C2*4C4\n D. 5C6*4C5\n E. 4C3*4C3\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Fernando purchased a university meal plan that allows him to have a total of 3 lunches and 3 dinners per week. If the cafeteria is closed on weekends and Fernando always goes home for a dinner on Friday nights, how many options does he have to allocate his meals?\n A. 5C3*4C3\n B. 5C4*4C2\n C. 5C2*4C4\n D. 5C6*4C5\n E. 4C3*4C3\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Fernando purchased a university meal plan that allows him to have a total of 3 lunches and 3 dinners per week. If the cafeteria is closed on weekends and Fernando always goes home for a dinner on Friday nights, how many options does he have to allocate his meals?\n A. 5C3*4C3\n B. 5C4*4C2\n C. 5C2*4C4\n D. 5C6*4C5\n E. 4C3*4C3\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 58, "query": "Question: There is well of depth 30m and frog is at bottom of the well. He jumps 3m up one day and falls back 2m down the same day. How many days will it take for the frog to come out of the well?\n A. 25 days\n B. 26 days\n C. 27 days\n D. 28 days\n E. 29 days\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: There is well of depth 30m and frog is at bottom of the well. He jumps 3m up one day and falls back 2m down the same day. How many days will it take for the frog to come out of the well?\n A. 25 days\n B. 26 days\n C. 27 days\n D. 28 days\n E. 29 days\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: There is well of depth 30m and frog is at bottom of the well. He jumps 3m up one day and falls back 2m down the same day. How many days will it take for the frog to come out of the well?\n A. 25 days\n B. 26 days\n C. 27 days\n D. 28 days\n E. 29 days\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: There is well of depth 30m and frog is at bottom of the well. He jumps 3m up one day and falls back 2m down the same day. How many days will it take for the frog to come out of the well?\n A. 25 days\n B. 26 days\n C. 27 days\n D. 28 days\n E. 29 days\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:58"}
{"index": 201, "query": "Question: All 250 files on Sam's hard drive are infected by either a virus or a worm or both. The number of files that are infected only by a worm is 2.5 times the number of files that are infected by both a virus and a worm. If 50% of the files were not infected by a virus, how many of Sam's files were NOT infected by a worm?\n A. 50\n B. 70\n C. 75\n D. 100\n E. 125\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: All 250 files on Sam's hard drive are infected by either a virus or a worm or both. The number of files that are infected only by a worm is 2.5 times the number of files that are infected by both a virus and a worm. If 50% of the files were not infected by a virus, how many of Sam's files were NOT infected by a worm?\n A. 50\n B. 70\n C. 75\n D. 100\n E. 125\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: All 250 files on Sam's hard drive are infected by either a virus or a worm or both. The number of files that are infected only by a worm is 2.5 times the number of files that are infected by both a virus and a worm. If 50% of the files were not infected by a virus, how many of Sam's files were NOT infected by a worm?\n A. 50\n B. 70\n C. 75\n D. 100\n E. 125\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: All 250 files on Sam's hard drive are infected by either a virus or a worm or both. The number of files that are infected only by a worm is 2.5 times the number of files that are infected by both a virus and a worm. If 50% of the files were not infected by a virus, how many of Sam's files were NOT infected by a worm?\n A. 50\n B. 70\n C. 75\n D. 100\n E. 125\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:201"}
{"index": 200, "query": "Question: The difference between simple interest and C.I. at the same rate for Rs.5000 for 2 years in Rs.72. The rate of interest is?\n A. 10%\n B. 12%\n C. 6%\n D. 8%\n E. 4%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: The difference between simple interest and C.I. at the same rate for Rs.5000 for 2 years in Rs.72. The rate of interest is?\n A. 10%\n B. 12%\n C. 6%\n D. 8%\n E. 4%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The difference between simple interest and C.I. at the same rate for Rs.5000 for 2 years in Rs.72. The rate of interest is?\n A. 10%\n B. 12%\n C. 6%\n D. 8%\n E. 4%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The difference between simple interest and C.I. at the same rate for Rs.5000 for 2 years in Rs.72. The rate of interest is?\n A. 10%\n B. 12%\n C. 6%\n D. 8%\n E. 4%\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:200"}
{"index": 163, "query": "Question: What is the greatest number of identical bouquets that can be made out of 28 white and 98 red tulips if no flowers are to be left out? (Two bouquets are identical whenever the number of red tulips in the two bouquets is equal and the number of white tulips in the two bouquets is equal.)\n A. 4\n B. 7\n C. 10\n D. 14\n E. 21\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: What is the greatest number of identical bouquets that can be made out of 28 white and 98 red tulips if no flowers are to be left out? (Two bouquets are identical whenever the number of red tulips in the two bouquets is equal and the number of white tulips in the two bouquets is equal.)\n A. 4\n B. 7\n C. 10\n D. 14\n E. 21\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: What is the greatest number of identical bouquets that can be made out of 28 white and 98 red tulips if no flowers are to be left out? (Two bouquets are identical whenever the number of red tulips in the two bouquets is equal and the number of white tulips in the two bouquets is equal.)\n A. 4\n B. 7\n C. 10\n D. 14\n E. 21\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: What is the greatest number of identical bouquets that can be made out of 28 white and 98 red tulips if no flowers are to be left out? (Two bouquets are identical whenever the number of red tulips in the two bouquets is equal and the number of white tulips in the two bouquets is equal.)\n A. 4\n B. 7\n C. 10\n D. 14\n E. 21\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:163"}
{"index": 101, "query": "Question: A club consists of members whose ages are in A.P. The common difference being 3 months. If the youngest member of the club is just 7 years old and the sum of the ages of all the members is 250, then number of members in the club are :\n A. 18\n B. 20\n C. 25\n D. 26\n E. 27\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A club consists of members whose ages are in A.P. The common difference being 3 months. If the youngest member of the club is just 7 years old and the sum of the ages of all the members is 250, then number of members in the club are :\n A. 18\n B. 20\n C. 25\n D. 26\n E. 27\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A club consists of members whose ages are in A.P. The common difference being 3 months. If the youngest member of the club is just 7 years old and the sum of the ages of all the members is 250, then number of members in the club are :\n A. 18\n B. 20\n C. 25\n D. 26\n E. 27\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A club consists of members whose ages are in A.P. The common difference being 3 months. If the youngest member of the club is just 7 years old and the sum of the ages of all the members is 250, then number of members in the club are :\n A. 18\n B. 20\n C. 25\n D. 26\n E. 27\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 117, "query": "Question: A paper is in a square form whose one side is 20 cm. Two semi circles are drawn on its opposites as diameters. If these semi circles are cut down what is the area of the remaining paper?\n A. 8.75\n B. 8.79\n C. 8.75\n D. 8.71\n E. 8.72\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A paper is in a square form whose one side is 20 cm. Two semi circles are drawn on its opposites as diameters. If these semi circles are cut down what is the area of the remaining paper?\n A. 8.75\n B. 8.79\n C. 8.75\n D. 8.71\n E. 8.72\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A paper is in a square form whose one side is 20 cm. Two semi circles are drawn on its opposites as diameters. If these semi circles are cut down what is the area of the remaining paper?\n A. 8.75\n B. 8.79\n C. 8.75\n D. 8.71\n E. 8.72\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A paper is in a square form whose one side is 20 cm. Two semi circles are drawn on its opposites as diameters. If these semi circles are cut down what is the area of the remaining paper?\n A. 8.75\n B. 8.79\n C. 8.75\n D. 8.71\n E. 8.72\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:117"}
{"index": 90, "query": "Question: In how many ways can a teacher in a kindergarten school arrange a group of 3 children (Susan, Tim and Zen) on 3 identical chairs in a straight line so that Susan is on the left of Tim?\n A. 7\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 6\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: In how many ways can a teacher in a kindergarten school arrange a group of 3 children (Susan, Tim and Zen) on 3 identical chairs in a straight line so that Susan is on the left of Tim?\n A. 7\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: In how many ways can a teacher in a kindergarten school arrange a group of 3 children (Susan, Tim and Zen) on 3 identical chairs in a straight line so that Susan is on the left of Tim?\n A. 7\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 6\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: In how many ways can a teacher in a kindergarten school arrange a group of 3 children (Susan, Tim and Zen) on 3 identical chairs in a straight line so that Susan is on the left of Tim?\n A. 7\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 6\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 133, "query": "Question: The bus fare of one adult is Rs. 140 from Ranchi to Patna and bus fare of a child is half the fare of one adult between the same places. What is the total bus fare of 4 adults and 3 children between same places?\n A. Rs. 666\n B. Rs. 670\n C. Rs. 700\n D. Rs. 570\n E. Rs. 770\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: The bus fare of one adult is Rs. 140 from Ranchi to Patna and bus fare of a child is half the fare of one adult between the same places. What is the total bus fare of 4 adults and 3 children between same places?\n A. Rs. 666\n B. Rs. 670\n C. Rs. 700\n D. Rs. 570\n E. Rs. 770\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The bus fare of one adult is Rs. 140 from Ranchi to Patna and bus fare of a child is half the fare of one adult between the same places. What is the total bus fare of 4 adults and 3 children between same places?\n A. Rs. 666\n B. Rs. 670\n C. Rs. 700\n D. Rs. 570\n E. Rs. 770\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The bus fare of one adult is Rs. 140 from Ranchi to Patna and bus fare of a child is half the fare of one adult between the same places. What is the total bus fare of 4 adults and 3 children between same places?\n A. Rs. 666\n B. Rs. 670\n C. Rs. 700\n D. Rs. 570\n E. Rs. 770\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:133"}
{"index": 227, "query": "Question: A box contains a certain number of balls, marked successively from 1 to n. If there are 45 different ways that two balls can be selected from the box such that the ball with number 3 marked on it is not selected, then what is the value of n?\n A. 11\n B. 10\n C. 9\n D. 8\n E. 7\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A box contains a certain number of balls, marked successively from 1 to n. If there are 45 different ways that two balls can be selected from the box such that the ball with number 3 marked on it is not selected, then what is the value of n?\n A. 11\n B. 10\n C. 9\n D. 8\n E. 7\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A box contains a certain number of balls, marked successively from 1 to n. If there are 45 different ways that two balls can be selected from the box such that the ball with number 3 marked on it is not selected, then what is the value of n?\n A. 11\n B. 10\n C. 9\n D. 8\n E. 7\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A box contains a certain number of balls, marked successively from 1 to n. If there are 45 different ways that two balls can be selected from the box such that the ball with number 3 marked on it is not selected, then what is the value of n?\n A. 11\n B. 10\n C. 9\n D. 8\n E. 7\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:227"}
{"index": 152, "query": "Question: If Jill needed to buy 10 bottles of soda for a party in which 8 people attended, how many bottles of soda will she need to buy for a party in which 12 people are attending?\n A. 6\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 12\n E. 14\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: If Jill needed to buy 10 bottles of soda for a party in which 8 people attended, how many bottles of soda will she need to buy for a party in which 12 people are attending?\n A. 6\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 12\n E. 14\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If Jill needed to buy 10 bottles of soda for a party in which 8 people attended, how many bottles of soda will she need to buy for a party in which 12 people are attending?\n A. 6\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 12\n E. 14\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If Jill needed to buy 10 bottles of soda for a party in which 8 people attended, how many bottles of soda will she need to buy for a party in which 12 people are attending?\n A. 6\n B. 8\n C. 10\n D. 12\n E. 14\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:152"}
{"index": 28, "query": "Question: A jeep travels a certain distance taking 6 hours in the forward journey. During the return journey, it increased its speed by 12km/hr and took 4 hours. What is the distance travelled by the jeep?\n A. 126km\n B. 144km\n C. 127km\n D. 228km\n E. 128km\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A jeep travels a certain distance taking 6 hours in the forward journey. During the return journey, it increased its speed by 12km/hr and took 4 hours. What is the distance travelled by the jeep?\n A. 126km\n B. 144km\n C. 127km\n D. 228km\n E. 128km\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A jeep travels a certain distance taking 6 hours in the forward journey. During the return journey, it increased its speed by 12km/hr and took 4 hours. What is the distance travelled by the jeep?\n A. 126km\n B. 144km\n C. 127km\n D. 228km\n E. 128km\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A jeep travels a certain distance taking 6 hours in the forward journey. During the return journey, it increased its speed by 12km/hr and took 4 hours. What is the distance travelled by the jeep?\n A. 126km\n B. 144km\n C. 127km\n D. 228km\n E. 128km\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:28"}
{"index": 139, "query": "Question: Winson runs from his home to his school at an average speed of 10 miles/hr, and then walks home along the same route at an average speed of 5 miles/hr. If the whole journey took one hour, how many miles is his home from his school?\n A. 9\n B. 6\n C. 4\n D. 3\n E. 2\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: Winson runs from his home to his school at an average speed of 10 miles/hr, and then walks home along the same route at an average speed of 5 miles/hr. If the whole journey took one hour, how many miles is his home from his school?\n A. 9\n B. 6\n C. 4\n D. 3\n E. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Winson runs from his home to his school at an average speed of 10 miles/hr, and then walks home along the same route at an average speed of 5 miles/hr. If the whole journey took one hour, how many miles is his home from his school?\n A. 9\n B. 6\n C. 4\n D. 3\n E. 2\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Winson runs from his home to his school at an average speed of 10 miles/hr, and then walks home along the same route at an average speed of 5 miles/hr. If the whole journey took one hour, how many miles is his home from his school?\n A. 9\n B. 6\n C. 4\n D. 3\n E. 2\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 50, "query": "Question: I have a money pouch containing Rs. 700. There are equal number of 25 paise coins, 50 paise coins and one rupee coins.\nHow many of each are there?\n A. 453\n B. 651\n C. 400\n D. 487\n E. 286\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: I have a money pouch containing Rs. 700. There are equal number of 25 paise coins, 50 paise coins and one rupee coins.\nHow many of each are there?\n A. 453\n B. 651\n C. 400\n D. 487\n E. 286\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: I have a money pouch containing Rs. 700. There are equal number of 25 paise coins, 50 paise coins and one rupee coins.\nHow many of each are there?\n A. 453\n B. 651\n C. 400\n D. 487\n E. 286\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: I have a money pouch containing Rs. 700. There are equal number of 25 paise coins, 50 paise coins and one rupee coins.\nHow many of each are there?\n A. 453\n B. 651\n C. 400\n D. 487\n E. 286\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 53, "query": "Question: There are 10 oranges in a basket. Find the no. of ways in which 2 oranges are chosen from the basket?\n A. 45\n B. 90\n C. 120\n D. 150\n E. 180\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: There are 10 oranges in a basket. Find the no. of ways in which 2 oranges are chosen from the basket?\n A. 45\n B. 90\n C. 120\n D. 150\n E. 180\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: There are 10 oranges in a basket. Find the no. of ways in which 2 oranges are chosen from the basket?\n A. 45\n B. 90\n C. 120\n D. 150\n E. 180\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: There are 10 oranges in a basket. Find the no. of ways in which 2 oranges are chosen from the basket?\n A. 45\n B. 90\n C. 120\n D. 150\n E. 180\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:53"}
{"index": 31, "query": "Question: On a map, the length of the road from Town F to Town G is measured to be 20 inches. On this map, 1/4 inch represents an actual distance of 10 miles. What is the actual distance, in miles, from Town F to Town G along this road?\n A. 800\n B. 720\n C. 960\n D. 1140\n E. 1160\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: On a map, the length of the road from Town F to Town G is measured to be 20 inches. On this map, 1/4 inch represents an actual distance of 10 miles. What is the actual distance, in miles, from Town F to Town G along this road?\n A. 800\n B. 720\n C. 960\n D. 1140\n E. 1160\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: On a map, the length of the road from Town F to Town G is measured to be 20 inches. On this map, 1/4 inch represents an actual distance of 10 miles. What is the actual distance, in miles, from Town F to Town G along this road?\n A. 800\n B. 720\n C. 960\n D. 1140\n E. 1160\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: On a map, the length of the road from Town F to Town G is measured to be 20 inches. On this map, 1/4 inch represents an actual distance of 10 miles. What is the actual distance, in miles, from Town F to Town G along this road?\n A. 800\n B. 720\n C. 960\n D. 1140\n E. 1160\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:31"}
{"index": 62, "query": "Question: Calculate the maximum distance you can travel with $8.50 on a cab which charges $3.50 for the first quarter-mile and 10 cents for each additional quarter mile.\n A. 11.75 miles\n B. 12.75 miles\n C. 17.75 miles\n D. 14.75 miles\n E. 10.75 miles\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Calculate the maximum distance you can travel with $8.50 on a cab which charges $3.50 for the first quarter-mile and 10 cents for each additional quarter mile.\n A. 11.75 miles\n B. 12.75 miles\n C. 17.75 miles\n D. 14.75 miles\n E. 10.75 miles\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Calculate the maximum distance you can travel with $8.50 on a cab which charges $3.50 for the first quarter-mile and 10 cents for each additional quarter mile.\n A. 11.75 miles\n B. 12.75 miles\n C. 17.75 miles\n D. 14.75 miles\n E. 10.75 miles\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Calculate the maximum distance you can travel with $8.50 on a cab which charges $3.50 for the first quarter-mile and 10 cents for each additional quarter mile.\n A. 11.75 miles\n B. 12.75 miles\n C. 17.75 miles\n D. 14.75 miles\n E. 10.75 miles\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 155, "query": "Question: The sum of k consecutive integers is 51. If the least integer is -50, then k =\n A. 40\n B. 62\n C. 82\n D. 92\n E. 102\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: The sum of k consecutive integers is 51. If the least integer is -50, then k =\n A. 40\n B. 62\n C. 82\n D. 92\n E. 102\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The sum of k consecutive integers is 51. If the least integer is -50, then k =\n A. 40\n B. 62\n C. 82\n D. 92\n E. 102\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The sum of k consecutive integers is 51. If the least integer is -50, then k =\n A. 40\n B. 62\n C. 82\n D. 92\n E. 102\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:155"}
{"index": 8, "query": "Question: Of the 200 students in a school, at least 45% attended the prom night and at least 35% took part in the debating session. What is the maximum number of students who could have neither attended the prom night nor the debating session?\n A. 27\n B. 81\n C. 90\n D. 99\n E. 110\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: Of the 200 students in a school, at least 45% attended the prom night and at least 35% took part in the debating session. What is the maximum number of students who could have neither attended the prom night nor the debating session?\n A. 27\n B. 81\n C. 90\n D. 99\n E. 110\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Of the 200 students in a school, at least 45% attended the prom night and at least 35% took part in the debating session. What is the maximum number of students who could have neither attended the prom night nor the debating session?\n A. 27\n B. 81\n C. 90\n D. 99\n E. 110\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Of the 200 students in a school, at least 45% attended the prom night and at least 35% took part in the debating session. What is the maximum number of students who could have neither attended the prom night nor the debating session?\n A. 27\n B. 81\n C. 90\n D. 99\n E. 110\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:8"}
{"index": 29, "query": "Question: When I was 2 years old, my brother was half my age. Now I am 60 years old, how old is my brother?\n A. A)59\n B. B)69\n C. C)79\n D. D)89\n E. E)99\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: When I was 2 years old, my brother was half my age. Now I am 60 years old, how old is my brother?\n A. A)59\n B. B)69\n C. C)79\n D. D)89\n E. E)99\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: When I was 2 years old, my brother was half my age. Now I am 60 years old, how old is my brother?\n A. A)59\n B. B)69\n C. C)79\n D. D)89\n E. E)99\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: When I was 2 years old, my brother was half my age. Now I am 60 years old, how old is my brother?\n A. A)59\n B. B)69\n C. C)79\n D. D)89\n E. E)99\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:29"}
{"index": 34, "query": "Question: A rectangular solid, 3 x 4 x 15, is inscribed in a sphere, so that all eight of its vertices are on the sphere. What is the diameter of the sphere?\n A. 13.3542\n B. 15.8113\n C. 18.3451\n D. 19.5667\n E. 20.8888\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A rectangular solid, 3 x 4 x 15, is inscribed in a sphere, so that all eight of its vertices are on the sphere. What is the diameter of the sphere?\n A. 13.3542\n B. 15.8113\n C. 18.3451\n D. 19.5667\n E. 20.8888\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A rectangular solid, 3 x 4 x 15, is inscribed in a sphere, so that all eight of its vertices are on the sphere. What is the diameter of the sphere?\n A. 13.3542\n B. 15.8113\n C. 18.3451\n D. 19.5667\n E. 20.8888\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A rectangular solid, 3 x 4 x 15, is inscribed in a sphere, so that all eight of its vertices are on the sphere. What is the diameter of the sphere?\n A. 13.3542\n B. 15.8113\n C. 18.3451\n D. 19.5667\n E. 20.8888\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 226, "query": "Question: The average weight of 10 oarsmen in a boat is increased by 1.8 kg when one of the crew, who weighs 53 kg is replaced by a new man. Find the weight of the new man.\n A. 71\n B. 62\n C. 43\n D. 67\n E. 40\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The average weight of 10 oarsmen in a boat is increased by 1.8 kg when one of the crew, who weighs 53 kg is replaced by a new man. Find the weight of the new man.\n A. 71\n B. 62\n C. 43\n D. 67\n E. 40\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The average weight of 10 oarsmen in a boat is increased by 1.8 kg when one of the crew, who weighs 53 kg is replaced by a new man. Find the weight of the new man.\n A. 71\n B. 62\n C. 43\n D. 67\n E. 40\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The average weight of 10 oarsmen in a boat is increased by 1.8 kg when one of the crew, who weighs 53 kg is replaced by a new man. Find the weight of the new man.\n A. 71\n B. 62\n C. 43\n D. 67\n E. 40\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:226"}
{"index": 94, "query": "Question: A newspaper costs $4 on Sunday and $1 the rest of the days of the week. If a hotel orders twice as many papers on Sunday as it does the rest of the days of the week and pays $210 per week for newspapers, how many newspapers does it buy on Monday?\n A. 15\n B. 30\n C. 45\n D. 60\n E. 75\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A newspaper costs $4 on Sunday and $1 the rest of the days of the week. If a hotel orders twice as many papers on Sunday as it does the rest of the days of the week and pays $210 per week for newspapers, how many newspapers does it buy on Monday?\n A. 15\n B. 30\n C. 45\n D. 60\n E. 75\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A newspaper costs $4 on Sunday and $1 the rest of the days of the week. If a hotel orders twice as many papers on Sunday as it does the rest of the days of the week and pays $210 per week for newspapers, how many newspapers does it buy on Monday?\n A. 15\n B. 30\n C. 45\n D. 60\n E. 75\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A newspaper costs $4 on Sunday and $1 the rest of the days of the week. If a hotel orders twice as many papers on Sunday as it does the rest of the days of the week and pays $210 per week for newspapers, how many newspapers does it buy on Monday?\n A. 15\n B. 30\n C. 45\n D. 60\n E. 75\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:94"}
{"index": 22, "query": "Question: John likes to have lightly flavored tea every evening. In a 50% strong milk tea, he replaces 15% of it with milk twice. Then, he replaces 10 percent of the resultant solution with more milk.\nWhat is the final concentration of tea John drinks?\n A. 15.38%\n B. 42%\n C. 39.86%\n D. 22.35%\n E. 32.51%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 4, "query_olmes": "Question: John likes to have lightly flavored tea every evening. In a 50% strong milk tea, he replaces 15% of it with milk twice. Then, he replaces 10 percent of the resultant solution with more milk.\nWhat is the final concentration of tea John drinks?\n A. 15.38%\n B. 42%\n C. 39.86%\n D. 22.35%\n E. 32.51%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: John likes to have lightly flavored tea every evening. In a 50% strong milk tea, he replaces 15% of it with milk twice. Then, he replaces 10 percent of the resultant solution with more milk.\nWhat is the final concentration of tea John drinks?\n A. 15.38%\n B. 42%\n C. 39.86%\n D. 22.35%\n E. 32.51%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: John likes to have lightly flavored tea every evening. In a 50% strong milk tea, he replaces 15% of it with milk twice. Then, he replaces 10 percent of the resultant solution with more milk.\nWhat is the final concentration of tea John drinks?\n A. 15.38%\n B. 42%\n C. 39.86%\n D. 22.35%\n E. 32.51%\nAnswer: E", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Question: Janice bikes at 10 miles per hour, while Jennie bikes at 20. How long until they have collectively biked 1 mile?\n A. 1 minute\n B. 2 minutes\n C. 3 minutes\n D. 4 minutes\n E. 5 minutes\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Janice bikes at 10 miles per hour, while Jennie bikes at 20. How long until they have collectively biked 1 mile?\n A. 1 minute\n B. 2 minutes\n C. 3 minutes\n D. 4 minutes\n E. 5 minutes\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Janice bikes at 10 miles per hour, while Jennie bikes at 20. How long until they have collectively biked 1 mile?\n A. 1 minute\n B. 2 minutes\n C. 3 minutes\n D. 4 minutes\n E. 5 minutes\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Janice bikes at 10 miles per hour, while Jennie bikes at 20. How long until they have collectively biked 1 mile?\n A. 1 minute\n B. 2 minutes\n C. 3 minutes\n D. 4 minutes\n E. 5 minutes\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 212, "query": "Question: John conducted a survey about car color. 60% of the people who took the survey were women. Of the men who were surveyed, 75% preferred red cars over green cars. If 10 men liked green cars more than red, how many people took the survey?\n A. 100\n B. 120\n C. 50\n D. 200\n E. 80\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: John conducted a survey about car color. 60% of the people who took the survey were women. Of the men who were surveyed, 75% preferred red cars over green cars. If 10 men liked green cars more than red, how many people took the survey?\n A. 100\n B. 120\n C. 50\n D. 200\n E. 80\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: John conducted a survey about car color. 60% of the people who took the survey were women. Of the men who were surveyed, 75% preferred red cars over green cars. If 10 men liked green cars more than red, how many people took the survey?\n A. 100\n B. 120\n C. 50\n D. 200\n E. 80\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: John conducted a survey about car color. 60% of the people who took the survey were women. Of the men who were surveyed, 75% preferred red cars over green cars. If 10 men liked green cars more than red, how many people took the survey?\n A. 100\n B. 120\n C. 50\n D. 200\n E. 80\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:212"}
{"index": 71, "query": "Question: The bus fare for two persons for travelling between Agra and Aligarh id four-thirds the train fare between the same places for one person. The total fare paid by 6 persons travelling by bus and 8 persons travelling by train between the two places is Rs.1512. Find the train fare between the two places for one person?\n A. 126\n B. 77\n C. 88\n D. 66\n E. 54\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The bus fare for two persons for travelling between Agra and Aligarh id four-thirds the train fare between the same places for one person. The total fare paid by 6 persons travelling by bus and 8 persons travelling by train between the two places is Rs.1512. Find the train fare between the two places for one person?\n A. 126\n B. 77\n C. 88\n D. 66\n E. 54\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The bus fare for two persons for travelling between Agra and Aligarh id four-thirds the train fare between the same places for one person. The total fare paid by 6 persons travelling by bus and 8 persons travelling by train between the two places is Rs.1512. Find the train fare between the two places for one person?\n A. 126\n B. 77\n C. 88\n D. 66\n E. 54\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The bus fare for two persons for travelling between Agra and Aligarh id four-thirds the train fare between the same places for one person. The total fare paid by 6 persons travelling by bus and 8 persons travelling by train between the two places is Rs.1512. Find the train fare between the two places for one person?\n A. 126\n B. 77\n C. 88\n D. 66\n E. 54\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:71"}
{"index": 113, "query": "Question: A point on the edge of a fan blade that is rotating in a plane 10 centimeters from the center of the fan. What is the distance traveled, in centimeters, by this point after 30 seconds when the fan runs at the rate of 300 revolutions per minutes?\n A. 750pi\n B. 1500pi\n C. 1875pi\n D. 3000pi\n E. 7500pi\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A point on the edge of a fan blade that is rotating in a plane 10 centimeters from the center of the fan. What is the distance traveled, in centimeters, by this point after 30 seconds when the fan runs at the rate of 300 revolutions per minutes?\n A. 750pi\n B. 1500pi\n C. 1875pi\n D. 3000pi\n E. 7500pi\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A point on the edge of a fan blade that is rotating in a plane 10 centimeters from the center of the fan. What is the distance traveled, in centimeters, by this point after 30 seconds when the fan runs at the rate of 300 revolutions per minutes?\n A. 750pi\n B. 1500pi\n C. 1875pi\n D. 3000pi\n E. 7500pi\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A point on the edge of a fan blade that is rotating in a plane 10 centimeters from the center of the fan. What is the distance traveled, in centimeters, by this point after 30 seconds when the fan runs at the rate of 300 revolutions per minutes?\n A. 750pi\n B. 1500pi\n C. 1875pi\n D. 3000pi\n E. 7500pi\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:113"}
{"index": 147, "query": "Question: The value of log2 4 is:\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 6\n D. 8\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The value of log2 4 is:\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 6\n D. 8\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The value of log2 4 is:\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 6\n D. 8\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The value of log2 4 is:\n A. 2\n B. 4\n C. 6\n D. 8\n E. 12\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:147"}
{"index": 45, "query": "Question: If the population of a city increases by 5 % annually, what will be the population of the city in 2 years time if its current population is 78000?\n A. 81900\n B. 85995\n C. 85800\n D. 90000\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: If the population of a city increases by 5 % annually, what will be the population of the city in 2 years time if its current population is 78000?\n A. 81900\n B. 85995\n C. 85800\n D. 90000\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If the population of a city increases by 5 % annually, what will be the population of the city in 2 years time if its current population is 78000?\n A. 81900\n B. 85995\n C. 85800\n D. 90000\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If the population of a city increases by 5 % annually, what will be the population of the city in 2 years time if its current population is 78000?\n A. 81900\n B. 85995\n C. 85800\n D. 90000\n E. None of these\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:45"}
{"index": 186, "query": "Question: An express electric train takes exact three seconds to enter tunnel which is 1 mile long.\nIf train is traveling at 120 mile an hour, how long will it take to pass completely through the tunnel ?\n A. 43 seconds\n B. 39 seconds\n C. 20 seconds\n D. 33 seconds\n E. 55 seconds\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: An express electric train takes exact three seconds to enter tunnel which is 1 mile long.\nIf train is traveling at 120 mile an hour, how long will it take to pass completely through the tunnel ?\n A. 43 seconds\n B. 39 seconds\n C. 20 seconds\n D. 33 seconds\n E. 55 seconds\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: An express electric train takes exact three seconds to enter tunnel which is 1 mile long.\nIf train is traveling at 120 mile an hour, how long will it take to pass completely through the tunnel ?\n A. 43 seconds\n B. 39 seconds\n C. 20 seconds\n D. 33 seconds\n E. 55 seconds\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: An express electric train takes exact three seconds to enter tunnel which is 1 mile long.\nIf train is traveling at 120 mile an hour, how long will it take to pass completely through the tunnel ?\n A. 43 seconds\n B. 39 seconds\n C. 20 seconds\n D. 33 seconds\n E. 55 seconds\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:186"}
{"index": 82, "query": "Question: The greatest common factor of two positive integers is 11. The least common multiple of these two integers is 7700. If one of the integers is 350, what is the other?\n A. 242\n B. 308\n C. 352\n D. 412\n E. 456\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The greatest common factor of two positive integers is 11. The least common multiple of these two integers is 7700. If one of the integers is 350, what is the other?\n A. 242\n B. 308\n C. 352\n D. 412\n E. 456\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The greatest common factor of two positive integers is 11. The least common multiple of these two integers is 7700. If one of the integers is 350, what is the other?\n A. 242\n B. 308\n C. 352\n D. 412\n E. 456\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The greatest common factor of two positive integers is 11. The least common multiple of these two integers is 7700. If one of the integers is 350, what is the other?\n A. 242\n B. 308\n C. 352\n D. 412\n E. 456\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:82"}
{"index": 246, "query": "Question: Alice wants to put up fencing around three sides of her rectangular yard and leave one side of 10 meters unfenced. If the yard has an area of 240 square meters, how many meters of fencing does she need?\n A. 58\n B. 62\n C. 66\n D. 70\n E. 74\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Alice wants to put up fencing around three sides of her rectangular yard and leave one side of 10 meters unfenced. If the yard has an area of 240 square meters, how many meters of fencing does she need?\n A. 58\n B. 62\n C. 66\n D. 70\n E. 74\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Alice wants to put up fencing around three sides of her rectangular yard and leave one side of 10 meters unfenced. If the yard has an area of 240 square meters, how many meters of fencing does she need?\n A. 58\n B. 62\n C. 66\n D. 70\n E. 74\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Alice wants to put up fencing around three sides of her rectangular yard and leave one side of 10 meters unfenced. If the yard has an area of 240 square meters, how many meters of fencing does she need?\n A. 58\n B. 62\n C. 66\n D. 70\n E. 74\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:246"}
{"index": 114, "query": "Question: If n is such that 36 \u2264 n \u2264 72, then x = (n2 + 2\u221an(n + 4) + 16) / (n+ 4\u221an+ 4) satisfies\n A. 20 < x < 54\n B. 23 < x < 58\n C. 25 < x < 64\n D. 28 < x < 60\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If n is such that 36 \u2264 n \u2264 72, then x = (n2 + 2\u221an(n + 4) + 16) / (n+ 4\u221an+ 4) satisfies\n A. 20 < x < 54\n B. 23 < x < 58\n C. 25 < x < 64\n D. 28 < x < 60\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If n is such that 36 \u2264 n \u2264 72, then x = (n2 + 2\u221an(n + 4) + 16) / (n+ 4\u221an+ 4) satisfies\n A. 20 < x < 54\n B. 23 < x < 58\n C. 25 < x < 64\n D. 28 < x < 60\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If n is such that 36 \u2264 n \u2264 72, then x = (n2 + 2\u221an(n + 4) + 16) / (n+ 4\u221an+ 4) satisfies\n A. 20 < x < 54\n B. 23 < x < 58\n C. 25 < x < 64\n D. 28 < x < 60\n E. None of these\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:114"}
{"index": 136, "query": "Question: For bringing each copper coin from the bottom of a river, a coin-diver gets 20 cents, and for each brass coin she gets 25 cents. If after one dive, she got $3.40. What is the minimum number of copper coins that she brought?\n A. 4\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 0\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: For bringing each copper coin from the bottom of a river, a coin-diver gets 20 cents, and for each brass coin she gets 25 cents. If after one dive, she got $3.40. What is the minimum number of copper coins that she brought?\n A. 4\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 0\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: For bringing each copper coin from the bottom of a river, a coin-diver gets 20 cents, and for each brass coin she gets 25 cents. If after one dive, she got $3.40. What is the minimum number of copper coins that she brought?\n A. 4\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 0\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: For bringing each copper coin from the bottom of a river, a coin-diver gets 20 cents, and for each brass coin she gets 25 cents. If after one dive, she got $3.40. What is the minimum number of copper coins that she brought?\n A. 4\n B. 3\n C. 2\n D. 1\n E. 0\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:136"}
{"index": 116, "query": "Question: A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2 months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C joined them after some more time with Rs.120,000. At the end of the year, out of a total profit of Rs.375,000, C gets Rs.150,000 as his share. How many months after B joined the business, did C join?\n A. 2 months\n B. 4 months\n C. 23 months\n D. 24 months\n E. 84 months\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2 months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C joined them after some more time with Rs.120,000. At the end of the year, out of a total profit of Rs.375,000, C gets Rs.150,000 as his share. How many months after B joined the business, did C join?\n A. 2 months\n B. 4 months\n C. 23 months\n D. 24 months\n E. 84 months\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2 months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C joined them after some more time with Rs.120,000. At the end of the year, out of a total profit of Rs.375,000, C gets Rs.150,000 as his share. How many months after B joined the business, did C join?\n A. 2 months\n B. 4 months\n C. 23 months\n D. 24 months\n E. 84 months\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2 months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C joined them after some more time with Rs.120,000. At the end of the year, out of a total profit of Rs.375,000, C gets Rs.150,000 as his share. How many months after B joined the business, did C join?\n A. 2 months\n B. 4 months\n C. 23 months\n D. 24 months\n E. 84 months\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 238, "query": "Question: Exactly 2/5th of the children in a certain class are girls. If there are 100 boys in the class, how many girls are in the class?\n A. 50\n B. 100\n C. 150\n D. 200\n E. 70\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Exactly 2/5th of the children in a certain class are girls. If there are 100 boys in the class, how many girls are in the class?\n A. 50\n B. 100\n C. 150\n D. 200\n E. 70\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Exactly 2/5th of the children in a certain class are girls. If there are 100 boys in the class, how many girls are in the class?\n A. 50\n B. 100\n C. 150\n D. 200\n E. 70\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Exactly 2/5th of the children in a certain class are girls. If there are 100 boys in the class, how many girls are in the class?\n A. 50\n B. 100\n C. 150\n D. 200\n E. 70\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:238"}
{"index": 176, "query": "Question: Decipher the following multiplication table:\nM A D\nB E\n-------------\nM A D\nR A E\n-------------\nA M I D\n A. 9 2 0 0\n B. 9 2 0 9\n C. 9 2 0 1\n D. 9 2 0 7\n E. 9 2 2 2\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Decipher the following multiplication table:\nM A D\nB E\n-------------\nM A D\nR A E\n-------------\nA M I D\n A. 9 2 0 0\n B. 9 2 0 9\n C. 9 2 0 1\n D. 9 2 0 7\n E. 9 2 2 2\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Decipher the following multiplication table:\nM A D\nB E\n-------------\nM A D\nR A E\n-------------\nA M I D\n A. 9 2 0 0\n B. 9 2 0 9\n C. 9 2 0 1\n D. 9 2 0 7\n E. 9 2 2 2\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Decipher the following multiplication table:\nM A D\nB E\n-------------\nM A D\nR A E\n-------------\nA M I D\n A. 9 2 0 0\n B. 9 2 0 9\n C. 9 2 0 1\n D. 9 2 0 7\n E. 9 2 2 2\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:176"}
{"index": 18, "query": "Question: An exam is given in a certain class. The average (arithmetic mean) of the highest score and the lowest score is equal to x. If the average score for the entire class is equal to y and there are z students in the class, where z > 5, then in terms of x, y, and z, what is the average score for the class excluding the highest and lowest scorers?\n A. (zy \u2013 2x)/z\n B. (zy \u2013 2)/z\n C. (zx \u2013 y)/(z \u2013 2)\n D. (zy \u2013 2x)/(z -2)\n E. (zy \u2013 x)/(z + 2)\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: An exam is given in a certain class. The average (arithmetic mean) of the highest score and the lowest score is equal to x. If the average score for the entire class is equal to y and there are z students in the class, where z > 5, then in terms of x, y, and z, what is the average score for the class excluding the highest and lowest scorers?\n A. (zy \u2013 2x)/z\n B. (zy \u2013 2)/z\n C. (zx \u2013 y)/(z \u2013 2)\n D. (zy \u2013 2x)/(z -2)\n E. (zy \u2013 x)/(z + 2)\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: An exam is given in a certain class. The average (arithmetic mean) of the highest score and the lowest score is equal to x. If the average score for the entire class is equal to y and there are z students in the class, where z > 5, then in terms of x, y, and z, what is the average score for the class excluding the highest and lowest scorers?\n A. (zy \u2013 2x)/z\n B. (zy \u2013 2)/z\n C. (zx \u2013 y)/(z \u2013 2)\n D. (zy \u2013 2x)/(z -2)\n E. (zy \u2013 x)/(z + 2)\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: An exam is given in a certain class. The average (arithmetic mean) of the highest score and the lowest score is equal to x. If the average score for the entire class is equal to y and there are z students in the class, where z > 5, then in terms of x, y, and z, what is the average score for the class excluding the highest and lowest scorers?\n A. (zy \u2013 2x)/z\n B. (zy \u2013 2)/z\n C. (zx \u2013 y)/(z \u2013 2)\n D. (zy \u2013 2x)/(z -2)\n E. (zy \u2013 x)/(z + 2)\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:18"}
{"index": 144, "query": "Question: The ratio of the volumes of a cube to that of the sphere which will fit inside the cube is?\n A. 2: \u03c0\n B. 7:2\n C. 8:2\n D. 6: \u03c0\n E. 8:3\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: The ratio of the volumes of a cube to that of the sphere which will fit inside the cube is?\n A. 2: \u03c0\n B. 7:2\n C. 8:2\n D. 6: \u03c0\n E. 8:3\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The ratio of the volumes of a cube to that of the sphere which will fit inside the cube is?\n A. 2: \u03c0\n B. 7:2\n C. 8:2\n D. 6: \u03c0\n E. 8:3\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The ratio of the volumes of a cube to that of the sphere which will fit inside the cube is?\n A. 2: \u03c0\n B. 7:2\n C. 8:2\n D. 6: \u03c0\n E. 8:3\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:144"}
{"index": 110, "query": "Question: If 75 percent of the employees of a certain company take a winter vacation, 40 percent take a winter and a summer vacation, and 20 percent take neither a winter nor a summer vacation, what Q percent of the employees take a summer vacation but not a winter vacation?\n A. 5%\n B. 15%\n C. 25%\n D. 35%\n E. 45%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: If 75 percent of the employees of a certain company take a winter vacation, 40 percent take a winter and a summer vacation, and 20 percent take neither a winter nor a summer vacation, what Q percent of the employees take a summer vacation but not a winter vacation?\n A. 5%\n B. 15%\n C. 25%\n D. 35%\n E. 45%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If 75 percent of the employees of a certain company take a winter vacation, 40 percent take a winter and a summer vacation, and 20 percent take neither a winter nor a summer vacation, what Q percent of the employees take a summer vacation but not a winter vacation?\n A. 5%\n B. 15%\n C. 25%\n D. 35%\n E. 45%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If 75 percent of the employees of a certain company take a winter vacation, 40 percent take a winter and a summer vacation, and 20 percent take neither a winter nor a summer vacation, what Q percent of the employees take a summer vacation but not a winter vacation?\n A. 5%\n B. 15%\n C. 25%\n D. 35%\n E. 45%\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:110"}
{"index": 167, "query": "Question: Two ants are moving from their farms towards each other. Ant A is moving at a speed of 9 cm per hour and ant B is moving at a speed of 6 cm per hour. If the farms are 75 cm away from each other, what will be the distance (in cm) that ant A travels until meeting ant B?\n A. 45\n B. 48\n C. 51\n D. 54\n E. 57\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Two ants are moving from their farms towards each other. Ant A is moving at a speed of 9 cm per hour and ant B is moving at a speed of 6 cm per hour. If the farms are 75 cm away from each other, what will be the distance (in cm) that ant A travels until meeting ant B?\n A. 45\n B. 48\n C. 51\n D. 54\n E. 57\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Two ants are moving from their farms towards each other. Ant A is moving at a speed of 9 cm per hour and ant B is moving at a speed of 6 cm per hour. If the farms are 75 cm away from each other, what will be the distance (in cm) that ant A travels until meeting ant B?\n A. 45\n B. 48\n C. 51\n D. 54\n E. 57\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Two ants are moving from their farms towards each other. Ant A is moving at a speed of 9 cm per hour and ant B is moving at a speed of 6 cm per hour. If the farms are 75 cm away from each other, what will be the distance (in cm) that ant A travels until meeting ant B?\n A. 45\n B. 48\n C. 51\n D. 54\n E. 57\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:167"}
{"index": 194, "query": "Question: Three bells ring at intervals of 36 seconds, 40 seconds and 48 seconds, respectively. They start ringing together at a particular time. When they will ring together again?\n A. After 6 minutes\n B. After 12 minutes\n C. After 18 minutes\n D. After 24 minutes\n E. none\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Three bells ring at intervals of 36 seconds, 40 seconds and 48 seconds, respectively. They start ringing together at a particular time. When they will ring together again?\n A. After 6 minutes\n B. After 12 minutes\n C. After 18 minutes\n D. After 24 minutes\n E. none\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Three bells ring at intervals of 36 seconds, 40 seconds and 48 seconds, respectively. They start ringing together at a particular time. When they will ring together again?\n A. After 6 minutes\n B. After 12 minutes\n C. After 18 minutes\n D. After 24 minutes\n E. none\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Three bells ring at intervals of 36 seconds, 40 seconds and 48 seconds, respectively. They start ringing together at a particular time. When they will ring together again?\n A. After 6 minutes\n B. After 12 minutes\n C. After 18 minutes\n D. After 24 minutes\n E. none\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:194"}
{"index": 209, "query": "Question: Shweta rides at the rate of 10 km per hour but stops for 10 minutes to take rest at the end of every 15 km. How many hours will she take to cover 100 km\n A. 9 hours.\n B. 10 hours.\n C. 11 hours.\n D. 12 hours.\n E. 13 hours.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: Shweta rides at the rate of 10 km per hour but stops for 10 minutes to take rest at the end of every 15 km. How many hours will she take to cover 100 km\n A. 9 hours.\n B. 10 hours.\n C. 11 hours.\n D. 12 hours.\n E. 13 hours.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Shweta rides at the rate of 10 km per hour but stops for 10 minutes to take rest at the end of every 15 km. How many hours will she take to cover 100 km\n A. 9 hours.\n B. 10 hours.\n C. 11 hours.\n D. 12 hours.\n E. 13 hours.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Shweta rides at the rate of 10 km per hour but stops for 10 minutes to take rest at the end of every 15 km. How many hours will she take to cover 100 km\n A. 9 hours.\n B. 10 hours.\n C. 11 hours.\n D. 12 hours.\n E. 13 hours.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:209"}
{"index": 84, "query": "Question: The length of the ribbon was originally 30 cm. It was reduced in the ratio 5 : 3. What is its length now?\n A. 18\n B. 30\n C. 6\n D. 15\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: The length of the ribbon was originally 30 cm. It was reduced in the ratio 5 : 3. What is its length now?\n A. 18\n B. 30\n C. 6\n D. 15\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: The length of the ribbon was originally 30 cm. It was reduced in the ratio 5 : 3. What is its length now?\n A. 18\n B. 30\n C. 6\n D. 15\n E. 12\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: The length of the ribbon was originally 30 cm. It was reduced in the ratio 5 : 3. What is its length now?\n A. 18\n B. 30\n C. 6\n D. 15\n E. 12\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 228, "query": "Question: If Q, a positive integer, has 5 factors, which of the following must be true about Q?\nI. Q is the square of a prime number.\nII. Q is the fourth power of a prime number.\nIII. Q is the product of two prime numbers.\n A. I only\n B. III only\n C. II only\n D. I and II only\n E. I and III only\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: If Q, a positive integer, has 5 factors, which of the following must be true about Q?\nI. Q is the square of a prime number.\nII. Q is the fourth power of a prime number.\nIII. Q is the product of two prime numbers.\n A. I only\n B. III only\n C. II only\n D. I and II only\n E. I and III only\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If Q, a positive integer, has 5 factors, which of the following must be true about Q?\nI. Q is the square of a prime number.\nII. Q is the fourth power of a prime number.\nIII. Q is the product of two prime numbers.\n A. I only\n B. III only\n C. II only\n D. I and II only\n E. I and III only\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If Q, a positive integer, has 5 factors, which of the following must be true about Q?\nI. Q is the square of a prime number.\nII. Q is the fourth power of a prime number.\nIII. Q is the product of two prime numbers.\n A. I only\n B. III only\n C. II only\n D. I and II only\n E. I and III only\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:228"}
{"index": 202, "query": "Question: A father wants to divide Rs. 5100 between his two sons, Mohan and Sohan who are 23 and 24 at present. He divides the amount in such a way that if their shares are invested at compound interest at 4% p.a. they will receive equal amount on attaining the age of 26 years. Find Mohan's share.\n A. 2400\n B. 2500\n C. 2600\n D. 2700\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A father wants to divide Rs. 5100 between his two sons, Mohan and Sohan who are 23 and 24 at present. He divides the amount in such a way that if their shares are invested at compound interest at 4% p.a. they will receive equal amount on attaining the age of 26 years. Find Mohan's share.\n A. 2400\n B. 2500\n C. 2600\n D. 2700\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A father wants to divide Rs. 5100 between his two sons, Mohan and Sohan who are 23 and 24 at present. He divides the amount in such a way that if their shares are invested at compound interest at 4% p.a. they will receive equal amount on attaining the age of 26 years. Find Mohan's share.\n A. 2400\n B. 2500\n C. 2600\n D. 2700\n E. None of these\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A father wants to divide Rs. 5100 between his two sons, Mohan and Sohan who are 23 and 24 at present. He divides the amount in such a way that if their shares are invested at compound interest at 4% p.a. they will receive equal amount on attaining the age of 26 years. Find Mohan's share.\n A. 2400\n B. 2500\n C. 2600\n D. 2700\n E. None of these\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:202"}
{"index": 88, "query": "Question: A cow is tethered in the middle of a field with a 14 feet long rope. If the cow grazes 10 sq.ft. per day, then approximately what time will be taken by the cow to graze the whole field?\n A. 51 days\n B. 61 days\n C. 71 days\n D. 81 days\n E. 91 days\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A cow is tethered in the middle of a field with a 14 feet long rope. If the cow grazes 10 sq.ft. per day, then approximately what time will be taken by the cow to graze the whole field?\n A. 51 days\n B. 61 days\n C. 71 days\n D. 81 days\n E. 91 days\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A cow is tethered in the middle of a field with a 14 feet long rope. If the cow grazes 10 sq.ft. per day, then approximately what time will be taken by the cow to graze the whole field?\n A. 51 days\n B. 61 days\n C. 71 days\n D. 81 days\n E. 91 days\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A cow is tethered in the middle of a field with a 14 feet long rope. If the cow grazes 10 sq.ft. per day, then approximately what time will be taken by the cow to graze the whole field?\n A. 51 days\n B. 61 days\n C. 71 days\n D. 81 days\n E. 91 days\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 217, "query": "Question: On dividing 2272 and 875 by a 3-digit number N, we get the same remainder. The sum of the digits of N is:\n A. 10\n B. 11\n C. 12\n D. 13\n E. 14\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: On dividing 2272 and 875 by a 3-digit number N, we get the same remainder. The sum of the digits of N is:\n A. 10\n B. 11\n C. 12\n D. 13\n E. 14\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: On dividing 2272 and 875 by a 3-digit number N, we get the same remainder. The sum of the digits of N is:\n A. 10\n B. 11\n C. 12\n D. 13\n E. 14\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: On dividing 2272 and 875 by a 3-digit number N, we get the same remainder. The sum of the digits of N is:\n A. 10\n B. 11\n C. 12\n D. 13\n E. 14\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:217"}
{"index": 206, "query": "Question: If 10 is subtracted from 2/3 of a number the result is equal to sum of 40 and 1/3 of the number. Find the number\n A. 100\n B. 160\n C. 150\n D. 210\n E. 220\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: If 10 is subtracted from 2/3 of a number the result is equal to sum of 40 and 1/3 of the number. Find the number\n A. 100\n B. 160\n C. 150\n D. 210\n E. 220\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If 10 is subtracted from 2/3 of a number the result is equal to sum of 40 and 1/3 of the number. Find the number\n A. 100\n B. 160\n C. 150\n D. 210\n E. 220\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If 10 is subtracted from 2/3 of a number the result is equal to sum of 40 and 1/3 of the number. Find the number\n A. 100\n B. 160\n C. 150\n D. 210\n E. 220\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:206"}
{"index": 188, "query": "Question: There are ten lime soda bottles on a table in a restaurant. They are to be served among two different groups of customers consisting of 5 members each. How many ways are there to create these 2 groups?\n A. 90\n B. 105\n C. 126\n D. 252\n E. 525\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: There are ten lime soda bottles on a table in a restaurant. They are to be served among two different groups of customers consisting of 5 members each. How many ways are there to create these 2 groups?\n A. 90\n B. 105\n C. 126\n D. 252\n E. 525\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: There are ten lime soda bottles on a table in a restaurant. They are to be served among two different groups of customers consisting of 5 members each. How many ways are there to create these 2 groups?\n A. 90\n B. 105\n C. 126\n D. 252\n E. 525\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: There are ten lime soda bottles on a table in a restaurant. They are to be served among two different groups of customers consisting of 5 members each. How many ways are there to create these 2 groups?\n A. 90\n B. 105\n C. 126\n D. 252\n E. 525\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:188"}
{"index": 153, "query": "Question: Two ants are standing side-by-side. One ant, which is 4 inches tall, casts a shadow that is 10 inches long. The other ant is 6 inches tall. Compute, in inches, the length of the shadow that the taller ant casts.\n A. 36\n B. 28\n C. 42\n D. 15\n E. 20\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Two ants are standing side-by-side. One ant, which is 4 inches tall, casts a shadow that is 10 inches long. The other ant is 6 inches tall. Compute, in inches, the length of the shadow that the taller ant casts.\n A. 36\n B. 28\n C. 42\n D. 15\n E. 20\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Two ants are standing side-by-side. One ant, which is 4 inches tall, casts a shadow that is 10 inches long. The other ant is 6 inches tall. Compute, in inches, the length of the shadow that the taller ant casts.\n A. 36\n B. 28\n C. 42\n D. 15\n E. 20\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Two ants are standing side-by-side. One ant, which is 4 inches tall, casts a shadow that is 10 inches long. The other ant is 6 inches tall. Compute, in inches, the length of the shadow that the taller ant casts.\n A. 36\n B. 28\n C. 42\n D. 15\n E. 20\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:153"}
{"index": 79, "query": "Question: Boomtown urban planners expect the city\u2019s population to increase by 10% per year over the next two years. If that projection were to come true, the population two years from now would be exactly double the population of one year ago. Which of the following is closest to the percent population increase in Boomtown over the last year?\n A. 20%\n B. 40%\n C. 50%\n D. 65%\n E. 75%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: Boomtown urban planners expect the city\u2019s population to increase by 10% per year over the next two years. If that projection were to come true, the population two years from now would be exactly double the population of one year ago. Which of the following is closest to the percent population increase in Boomtown over the last year?\n A. 20%\n B. 40%\n C. 50%\n D. 65%\n E. 75%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Boomtown urban planners expect the city\u2019s population to increase by 10% per year over the next two years. If that projection were to come true, the population two years from now would be exactly double the population of one year ago. Which of the following is closest to the percent population increase in Boomtown over the last year?\n A. 20%\n B. 40%\n C. 50%\n D. 65%\n E. 75%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Boomtown urban planners expect the city\u2019s population to increase by 10% per year over the next two years. If that projection were to come true, the population two years from now would be exactly double the population of one year ago. Which of the following is closest to the percent population increase in Boomtown over the last year?\n A. 20%\n B. 40%\n C. 50%\n D. 65%\n E. 75%\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:79"}
{"index": 41, "query": "Question: Hoses A and B spout water at different constant rates, and hose A can fill a certain pool in 8 hours. Hose A filled the pool alone for the first 2 hours and the two hoses, working together, then finished filling the pool in another 3 hours. How many hours would it have taken hose B, working alone, to fill the entire pool?\n A. 8\n B. 15\n C. 12\n D. 6\n E. 3\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Hoses A and B spout water at different constant rates, and hose A can fill a certain pool in 8 hours. Hose A filled the pool alone for the first 2 hours and the two hoses, working together, then finished filling the pool in another 3 hours. How many hours would it have taken hose B, working alone, to fill the entire pool?\n A. 8\n B. 15\n C. 12\n D. 6\n E. 3\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Hoses A and B spout water at different constant rates, and hose A can fill a certain pool in 8 hours. Hose A filled the pool alone for the first 2 hours and the two hoses, working together, then finished filling the pool in another 3 hours. How many hours would it have taken hose B, working alone, to fill the entire pool?\n A. 8\n B. 15\n C. 12\n D. 6\n E. 3\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Hoses A and B spout water at different constant rates, and hose A can fill a certain pool in 8 hours. Hose A filled the pool alone for the first 2 hours and the two hoses, working together, then finished filling the pool in another 3 hours. How many hours would it have taken hose B, working alone, to fill the entire pool?\n A. 8\n B. 15\n C. 12\n D. 6\n E. 3\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:41"}
{"index": 192, "query": "Question: A two digit number exceeds the sum of the digits of that number by 18. If the digit at the unit's place is double the digit in the ten's place, what is the number?\n A. 12\n B. 24\n C. 42\n D. 48\n E. 49\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: A two digit number exceeds the sum of the digits of that number by 18. If the digit at the unit's place is double the digit in the ten's place, what is the number?\n A. 12\n B. 24\n C. 42\n D. 48\n E. 49\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A two digit number exceeds the sum of the digits of that number by 18. If the digit at the unit's place is double the digit in the ten's place, what is the number?\n A. 12\n B. 24\n C. 42\n D. 48\n E. 49\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A two digit number exceeds the sum of the digits of that number by 18. If the digit at the unit's place is double the digit in the ten's place, what is the number?\n A. 12\n B. 24\n C. 42\n D. 48\n E. 49\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:192"}
{"index": 174, "query": "Question: A rope 20 meters long is cut into two pieces. If the length of one piece of rope is 3 meters shorter than the length of the other, what is the length, in meters, of the longer piece of rope?\n A. 7.5\n B. 8.9\n C. 9.9\n D. 11.5\n E. 11.7\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: A rope 20 meters long is cut into two pieces. If the length of one piece of rope is 3 meters shorter than the length of the other, what is the length, in meters, of the longer piece of rope?\n A. 7.5\n B. 8.9\n C. 9.9\n D. 11.5\n E. 11.7\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A rope 20 meters long is cut into two pieces. If the length of one piece of rope is 3 meters shorter than the length of the other, what is the length, in meters, of the longer piece of rope?\n A. 7.5\n B. 8.9\n C. 9.9\n D. 11.5\n E. 11.7\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A rope 20 meters long is cut into two pieces. If the length of one piece of rope is 3 meters shorter than the length of the other, what is the length, in meters, of the longer piece of rope?\n A. 7.5\n B. 8.9\n C. 9.9\n D. 11.5\n E. 11.7\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:174"}
{"index": 75, "query": "Question: A ship went on a voyage. After it had traveled 180 miles a plane started with 10 times the speed of the ship. Find the distance when they meet from starting point.\n A. 238\n B. 289\n C. 200\n D. 287\n E. 187\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A ship went on a voyage. After it had traveled 180 miles a plane started with 10 times the speed of the ship. Find the distance when they meet from starting point.\n A. 238\n B. 289\n C. 200\n D. 287\n E. 187\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A ship went on a voyage. After it had traveled 180 miles a plane started with 10 times the speed of the ship. Find the distance when they meet from starting point.\n A. 238\n B. 289\n C. 200\n D. 287\n E. 187\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A ship went on a voyage. After it had traveled 180 miles a plane started with 10 times the speed of the ship. Find the distance when they meet from starting point.\n A. 238\n B. 289\n C. 200\n D. 287\n E. 187\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:75"}
{"index": 92, "query": "Question: Two balls A and B rotate along a circular track. Ball A makes 2 full rotations in 26 minutes. Ball B makes 5 full rotation in 35 minutes. If they start rotating now from the same point, when will they be at the same starting point again?\n A. 1 hour and 31 minutes\n B. 2 hour and 31 minutes\n C. 3 hour and 31 minutes\n D. 4 hour and 31 minutes\n E. 5 hour and 31 minutes\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: Two balls A and B rotate along a circular track. Ball A makes 2 full rotations in 26 minutes. Ball B makes 5 full rotation in 35 minutes. If they start rotating now from the same point, when will they be at the same starting point again?\n A. 1 hour and 31 minutes\n B. 2 hour and 31 minutes\n C. 3 hour and 31 minutes\n D. 4 hour and 31 minutes\n E. 5 hour and 31 minutes\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Two balls A and B rotate along a circular track. Ball A makes 2 full rotations in 26 minutes. Ball B makes 5 full rotation in 35 minutes. If they start rotating now from the same point, when will they be at the same starting point again?\n A. 1 hour and 31 minutes\n B. 2 hour and 31 minutes\n C. 3 hour and 31 minutes\n D. 4 hour and 31 minutes\n E. 5 hour and 31 minutes\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Two balls A and B rotate along a circular track. Ball A makes 2 full rotations in 26 minutes. Ball B makes 5 full rotation in 35 minutes. If they start rotating now from the same point, when will they be at the same starting point again?\n A. 1 hour and 31 minutes\n B. 2 hour and 31 minutes\n C. 3 hour and 31 minutes\n D. 4 hour and 31 minutes\n E. 5 hour and 31 minutes\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:92"}
{"index": 19, "query": "Question: [5 + ? \u00d7 19 - 15 - 7]/[13 \u00d7 13 - 156] = 6\n A. 4\n B. 4.5\n C. 5\n D. 5.5\n E. 6.5\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: [5 + ? \u00d7 19 - 15 - 7]/[13 \u00d7 13 - 156] = 6\n A. 4\n B. 4.5\n C. 5\n D. 5.5\n E. 6.5\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: [5 + ? \u00d7 19 - 15 - 7]/[13 \u00d7 13 - 156] = 6\n A. 4\n B. 4.5\n C. 5\n D. 5.5\n E. 6.5\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: [5 + ? \u00d7 19 - 15 - 7]/[13 \u00d7 13 - 156] = 6\n A. 4\n B. 4.5\n C. 5\n D. 5.5\n E. 6.5\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:19"}
{"index": 253, "query": "Question: A grocery sells a bag of ice for $1.25, and makes 20% profit. If it sells 500 bags of ice, how much total profit does it make?\n A. 125\n B. 150\n C. 225\n D. 250\n E. 275\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A grocery sells a bag of ice for $1.25, and makes 20% profit. If it sells 500 bags of ice, how much total profit does it make?\n A. 125\n B. 150\n C. 225\n D. 250\n E. 275\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A grocery sells a bag of ice for $1.25, and makes 20% profit. If it sells 500 bags of ice, how much total profit does it make?\n A. 125\n B. 150\n C. 225\n D. 250\n E. 275\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A grocery sells a bag of ice for $1.25, and makes 20% profit. If it sells 500 bags of ice, how much total profit does it make?\n A. 125\n B. 150\n C. 225\n D. 250\n E. 275\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:253"}
{"index": 37, "query": "Question: A student instead of finding the value of 7/8 of a number, found the value of 7/18 of the number. If his answer differed from the actual one by 770, find the that number.\n A. 1584\n B. 2520\n C. 1728\n D. 1656\n E. None\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A student instead of finding the value of 7/8 of a number, found the value of 7/18 of the number. If his answer differed from the actual one by 770, find the that number.\n A. 1584\n B. 2520\n C. 1728\n D. 1656\n E. None\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A student instead of finding the value of 7/8 of a number, found the value of 7/18 of the number. If his answer differed from the actual one by 770, find the that number.\n A. 1584\n B. 2520\n C. 1728\n D. 1656\n E. None\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A student instead of finding the value of 7/8 of a number, found the value of 7/18 of the number. If his answer differed from the actual one by 770, find the that number.\n A. 1584\n B. 2520\n C. 1728\n D. 1656\n E. None\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 70, "query": "Question: A shopkeeper in order to promote his new shop put a discount of 20% on all the items for one day. Now he must sell the items at original price the other day. By what percentage must he increase the price to original?\n A. 21%\n B. 20%\n C. 25%\n D. 33%\n E. 18%\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Question: A shopkeeper in order to promote his new shop put a discount of 20% on all the items for one day. Now he must sell the items at original price the other day. By what percentage must he increase the price to original?\n A. 21%\n B. 20%\n C. 25%\n D. 33%\n E. 18%\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A shopkeeper in order to promote his new shop put a discount of 20% on all the items for one day. Now he must sell the items at original price the other day. By what percentage must he increase the price to original?\n A. 21%\n B. 20%\n C. 25%\n D. 33%\n E. 18%\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A shopkeeper in order to promote his new shop put a discount of 20% on all the items for one day. Now he must sell the items at original price the other day. By what percentage must he increase the price to original?\n A. 21%\n B. 20%\n C. 25%\n D. 33%\n E. 18%\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:70"}
{"index": 169, "query": "Question: A man spend 810 in buying trouser at Rs 70 each and shirt at 30 each. What will be the ratio of trouser and shirt when the maximum number of trouser is purchased?\n A. 9 Trousers\n B. 8 Trousers\n C. 10 Trousers\n D. 7 Trousers\n E. 11 Trousers\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Question: A man spend 810 in buying trouser at Rs 70 each and shirt at 30 each. What will be the ratio of trouser and shirt when the maximum number of trouser is purchased?\n A. 9 Trousers\n B. 8 Trousers\n C. 10 Trousers\n D. 7 Trousers\n E. 11 Trousers\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: A man spend 810 in buying trouser at Rs 70 each and shirt at 30 each. What will be the ratio of trouser and shirt when the maximum number of trouser is purchased?\n A. 9 Trousers\n B. 8 Trousers\n C. 10 Trousers\n D. 7 Trousers\n E. 11 Trousers\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: A man spend 810 in buying trouser at Rs 70 each and shirt at 30 each. What will be the ratio of trouser and shirt when the maximum number of trouser is purchased?\n A. 9 Trousers\n B. 8 Trousers\n C. 10 Trousers\n D. 7 Trousers\n E. 11 Trousers\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:169"}
{"index": 157, "query": "Question: If one of the roots of the quadratic equation x^2 + mx + 22 = 0 is 1.5, then what is the value of m?\n A. -23.5\n B. -17.5\n C. -10.5\n D. -16.2\n E. Cannot be determined\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Question: If one of the roots of the quadratic equation x^2 + mx + 22 = 0 is 1.5, then what is the value of m?\n A. -23.5\n B. -17.5\n C. -10.5\n D. -16.2\n E. Cannot be determined\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: If one of the roots of the quadratic equation x^2 + mx + 22 = 0 is 1.5, then what is the value of m?\n A. -23.5\n B. -17.5\n C. -10.5\n D. -16.2\n E. Cannot be determined\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: If one of the roots of the quadratic equation x^2 + mx + 22 = 0 is 1.5, then what is the value of m?\n A. -23.5\n B. -17.5\n C. -10.5\n D. -16.2\n E. Cannot be determined\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:157"}
{"index": 179, "query": "Question: Last year, 34 percent of Ace Book Company's sales revenue came from the sale of novels. Of the remaining revenue, 1/3 was from the sale of biographies. The company's revenue from the sale of novels was approximately, how many times its revenue from the sale of biographies?\n A. 1.3\n B. 1.5\n C. 2.1\n D. 2.5\n E. 3.1\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Question: Last year, 34 percent of Ace Book Company's sales revenue came from the sale of novels. Of the remaining revenue, 1/3 was from the sale of biographies. The company's revenue from the sale of novels was approximately, how many times its revenue from the sale of biographies?\n A. 1.3\n B. 1.5\n C. 2.1\n D. 2.5\n E. 3.1\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Question: Last year, 34 percent of Ace Book Company's sales revenue came from the sale of novels. Of the remaining revenue, 1/3 was from the sale of biographies. The company's revenue from the sale of novels was approximately, how many times its revenue from the sale of biographies?\n A. 1.3\n B. 1.5\n C. 2.1\n D. 2.5\n E. 3.1\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Question: Last year, 34 percent of Ace Book Company's sales revenue came from the sale of novels. Of the remaining revenue, 1/3 was from the sale of biographies. The company's revenue from the sale of novels was approximately, how many times its revenue from the sale of biographies?\n A. 1.3\n B. 1.5\n C. 2.1\n D. 2.5\n E. 3.1\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_aqua-rat::retrieval:179"}
{"index": 285, "query": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities _______.\n A. are faced with housing problems\n B. are forced to move to the suburbs\n C. want to sell their buildings\n D. need more money for daily expenses\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities _______.\n A. are faced with housing problems\n B. are forced to move to the suburbs\n C. want to sell their buildings\n D. need more money for daily expenses\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities _______.\n A. are faced with housing problems\n B. are forced to move to the suburbs\n C. want to sell their buildings\n D. need more money for daily expenses\nAnswer:", "full_text": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities _______.\n A. are faced with housing problems\n B. are forced to move to the suburbs\n C. want to sell their buildings\n D. need more money for daily expenses\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:285"}
{"index": 42, "query": "Some important dates in China\u2019s fighting Covid-19 before May 7,2020Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (\u5411\u5916\u7684) traffic restrictions.Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan.Jan 27: The Central Steering (\u6307\u5bfc) Group arrived in Wuhan.Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (\u51fa\u9662) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level.Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.Mar 11-17: The epidemic (\u6d41\u884c\u75c5) peak had passed in China as a whole.Mar 18,2020 ~Apr 28,2020Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (\u6838\u9178\u68c0\u6d4b) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions.Apr 26: The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.Apr 29, 2020~ May 7,2020Apr 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis.\nQuestion: What happened between January 20 and February 20?\n A. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.\n B. The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.\n C. The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.\n D. Beijing lowered its emergency response level.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Some important dates in China\u2019s fighting Covid-19 before May 7,2020Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (\u5411\u5916\u7684) traffic restrictions.Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan.Jan 27: The Central Steering (\u6307\u5bfc) Group arrived in Wuhan.Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (\u51fa\u9662) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level.Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.Mar 11-17: The epidemic (\u6d41\u884c\u75c5) peak had passed in China as a whole.Mar 18,2020 ~Apr 28,2020Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (\u6838\u9178\u68c0\u6d4b) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions.Apr 26: The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.Apr 29, 2020~ May 7,2020Apr 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis.\nQuestion: What happened between January 20 and February 20?\n A. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.\n B. The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.\n C. The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.\n D. Beijing lowered its emergency response level.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some important dates in China\u2019s fighting Covid-19 before May 7,2020Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (\u5411\u5916\u7684) traffic restrictions.Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan.Jan 27: The Central Steering (\u6307\u5bfc) Group arrived in Wuhan.Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (\u51fa\u9662) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level.Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.Mar 11-17: The epidemic (\u6d41\u884c\u75c5) peak had passed in China as a whole.Mar 18,2020 ~Apr 28,2020Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (\u6838\u9178\u68c0\u6d4b) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions.Apr 26: The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.Apr 29, 2020~ May 7,2020Apr 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis.\nQuestion: What happened between January 20 and February 20?\n A. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.\n B. The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.\n C. The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.\n D. Beijing lowered its emergency response level.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some important dates in China\u2019s fighting Covid-19 before May 7,2020Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (\u5411\u5916\u7684) traffic restrictions.Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan.Jan 27: The Central Steering (\u6307\u5bfc) Group arrived in Wuhan.Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (\u51fa\u9662) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level.Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.Mar 11-17: The epidemic (\u6d41\u884c\u75c5) peak had passed in China as a whole.Mar 18,2020 ~Apr 28,2020Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (\u6838\u9178\u68c0\u6d4b) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions.Apr 26: The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.Apr 29, 2020~ May 7,2020Apr 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis.\nQuestion: What happened between January 20 and February 20?\n A. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan.\n B. The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.\n C. The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.\n D. Beijing lowered its emergency response level.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:42"}
{"index": 244, "query": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?\n A. 15-18.    \n B. 15-24.   \n C. 15-29.      \n D. 16-17.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?\n A. 15-18.    \n B. 15-24.   \n C. 15-29.      \n D. 16-17.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?\n A. 15-18.    \n B. 15-24.   \n C. 15-29.      \n D. 16-17.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?\n A. 15-18.    \n B. 15-24.   \n C. 15-29.      \n D. 16-17.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:244"}
{"index": 88, "query": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eSuppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new\ufe63born son to become a world leader\uff0cthe baby might be named\u3000D\u3000\uff0e\n A. Beatrice Smith          \n B. Leonard Carter\n C. George Longstreet       \n D. Donald Greenwood\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eSuppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new\ufe63born son to become a world leader\uff0cthe baby might be named\u3000D\u3000\uff0e\n A. Beatrice Smith          \n B. Leonard Carter\n C. George Longstreet       \n D. Donald Greenwood\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eSuppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new\ufe63born son to become a world leader\uff0cthe baby might be named\u3000D\u3000\uff0e\n A. Beatrice Smith          \n B. Leonard Carter\n C. George Longstreet       \n D. Donald Greenwood\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eSuppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new\ufe63born son to become a world leader\uff0cthe baby might be named\u3000D\u3000\uff0e\n A. Beatrice Smith          \n B. Leonard Carter\n C. George Longstreet       \n D. Donald Greenwood\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:88"}
{"index": 270, "query": "     Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: What can we learn from the passage?\n A. Fewer and fewer people will buy books.\n B. A good dictionary should be kept in every home.\n C. Books with hard covers sell better than paperbacks.\n D. More people like TV programs about famous men.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "     Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: What can we learn from the passage?\n A. Fewer and fewer people will buy books.\n B. A good dictionary should be kept in every home.\n C. Books with hard covers sell better than paperbacks.\n D. More people like TV programs about famous men.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "     Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: What can we learn from the passage?\n A. Fewer and fewer people will buy books.\n B. A good dictionary should be kept in every home.\n C. Books with hard covers sell better than paperbacks.\n D. More people like TV programs about famous men.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: What can we learn from the passage?\n A. Fewer and fewer people will buy books.\n B. A good dictionary should be kept in every home.\n C. Books with hard covers sell better than paperbacks.\n D. More people like TV programs about famous men.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:270"}
{"index": 0, "query": "WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. reminds you when to hand in your homework. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROLwill always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONLY $99For further information, click here.Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy !Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don\u2019t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot.Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features (\u7279\u70b9)\u00b7weighs only 500 grams\u00b7includes long-lasting batteries\u00b7comes with a 5-year guarantee\u00b7remembers simple instructionsOriginally (\u6700\u521d) sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY  NOW\nQuestion: With help from a Mr.H, you can          .\n A. stop using batteries.\n B. finish your homework on time.\n C. remember your teacher\u2019s instructions.\n D. get your room tidied on your way home.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. reminds you when to hand in your homework. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROLwill always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONLY $99For further information, click here.Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy !Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don\u2019t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot.Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features (\u7279\u70b9)\u00b7weighs only 500 grams\u00b7includes long-lasting batteries\u00b7comes with a 5-year guarantee\u00b7remembers simple instructionsOriginally (\u6700\u521d) sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY  NOW\nQuestion: With help from a Mr.H, you can          .\n A. stop using batteries.\n B. finish your homework on time.\n C. remember your teacher\u2019s instructions.\n D. get your room tidied on your way home.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. reminds you when to hand in your homework. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROLwill always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONLY $99For further information, click here.Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy !Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don\u2019t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot.Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features (\u7279\u70b9)\u00b7weighs only 500 grams\u00b7includes long-lasting batteries\u00b7comes with a 5-year guarantee\u00b7remembers simple instructionsOriginally (\u6700\u521d) sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY  NOW\nQuestion: With help from a Mr.H, you can          .\n A. stop using batteries.\n B. finish your homework on time.\n C. remember your teacher\u2019s instructions.\n D. get your room tidied on your way home.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. reminds you when to hand in your homework. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROLwill always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONLY $99For further information, click here.Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy !Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don\u2019t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot.Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features (\u7279\u70b9)\u00b7weighs only 500 grams\u00b7includes long-lasting batteries\u00b7comes with a 5-year guarantee\u00b7remembers simple instructionsOriginally (\u6700\u521d) sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY  NOW\nQuestion: With help from a Mr.H, you can          .\n A. stop using batteries.\n B. finish your homework on time.\n C. remember your teacher\u2019s instructions.\n D. get your room tidied on your way home.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:0"}
{"index": 190, "query": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: We can learn from the text that in the future__________.\n A. people will never get old\n B. everyone will look the same\n C. red will be the most popular color\n D. clothes will be able to change their pattern\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: We can learn from the text that in the future__________.\n A. people will never get old\n B. everyone will look the same\n C. red will be the most popular color\n D. clothes will be able to change their pattern\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: We can learn from the text that in the future__________.\n A. people will never get old\n B. everyone will look the same\n C. red will be the most popular color\n D. clothes will be able to change their pattern\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: We can learn from the text that in the future__________.\n A. people will never get old\n B. everyone will look the same\n C. red will be the most popular color\n D. clothes will be able to change their pattern\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:190"}
{"index": 192, "query": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: Which of the following is mentioned in the text?\n A. Nothing can replace the Internet.\n B. Fridges will know what people need.\n C. Jacked sleeves can be used as a guide.\n D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: Which of the following is mentioned in the text?\n A. Nothing can replace the Internet.\n B. Fridges will know what people need.\n C. Jacked sleeves can be used as a guide.\n D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: Which of the following is mentioned in the text?\n A. Nothing can replace the Internet.\n B. Fridges will know what people need.\n C. Jacked sleeves can be used as a guide.\n D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: Which of the following is mentioned in the text?\n A. Nothing can replace the Internet.\n B. Fridges will know what people need.\n C. Jacked sleeves can be used as a guide.\n D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:192"}
{"index": 291, "query": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: From the first two paragraphs we learn that         .\n A. much of the world\u2019s water is available for use        \n B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky\n C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered\n D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world  \nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: From the first two paragraphs we learn that         .\n A. much of the world\u2019s water is available for use        \n B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky\n C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered\n D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world  \nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: From the first two paragraphs we learn that         .\n A. much of the world\u2019s water is available for use        \n B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky\n C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered\n D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world  \nAnswer:", "full_text": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: From the first two paragraphs we learn that         .\n A. much of the world\u2019s water is available for use        \n B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky\n C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered\n D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world  \nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:291"}
{"index": 118, "query": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eWhat does the author want to tell us most\uff1f\n A. Women's brains are better organized for language and communication\n B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men\uff0e\n C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts\uff0e\n D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eWhat does the author want to tell us most\uff1f\n A. Women's brains are better organized for language and communication\n B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men\uff0e\n C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts\uff0e\n D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eWhat does the author want to tell us most\uff1f\n A. Women's brains are better organized for language and communication\n B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men\uff0e\n C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts\uff0e\n D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0eWhat does the author want to tell us most\uff1f\n A. Women's brains are better organized for language and communication\n B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men\uff0e\n C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts\uff0e\n D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking\uff0e\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:118"}
{"index": 33, "query": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember __\n A. all their names                        \n B. a couple of names first\n C. just their last names                    \n D. as many names as possible\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember __\n A. all their names                        \n B. a couple of names first\n C. just their last names                    \n D. as many names as possible\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember __\n A. all their names                        \n B. a couple of names first\n C. just their last names                    \n D. as many names as possible\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember __\n A. all their names                        \n B. a couple of names first\n C. just their last names                    \n D. as many names as possible\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:33"}
{"index": 195, "query": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?\n A. Go to Treasure Island.\n B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.\n C. Have free ice cream.\n D. Visit the Presidio district.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?\n A. Go to Treasure Island.\n B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.\n C. Have free ice cream.\n D. Visit the Presidio district.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?\n A. Go to Treasure Island.\n B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.\n C. Have free ice cream.\n D. Visit the Presidio district.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?\n A. Go to Treasure Island.\n B. Enjoy the holiday scenes.\n C. Have free ice cream.\n D. Visit the Presidio district.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:195"}
{"index": 205, "query": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?\n A. To explore new means of transport.\n B. To design new types of cars.\n C. To find out older driver\u2019s problems.\n D. To teach people traffic rules.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?\n A. To explore new means of transport.\n B. To design new types of cars.\n C. To find out older driver\u2019s problems.\n D. To teach people traffic rules.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?\n A. To explore new means of transport.\n B. To design new types of cars.\n C. To find out older driver\u2019s problems.\n D. To teach people traffic rules.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?\n A. To explore new means of transport.\n B. To design new types of cars.\n C. To find out older driver\u2019s problems.\n D. To teach people traffic rules.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:205"}
{"index": 50, "query": "For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men\u2019s fitness and resting metabolic (\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684) rates and took samples (\u6837\u54c1) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists\u2019 lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (\u7981\u98df). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men\u2019s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (\u5361\u8def\u91cc), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (\u86cb\u767d\u8d28) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.\nQuestion: What could be learned from the research?\n A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.\n B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.\n C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.\n D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men\u2019s fitness and resting metabolic (\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684) rates and took samples (\u6837\u54c1) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists\u2019 lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (\u7981\u98df). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men\u2019s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (\u5361\u8def\u91cc), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (\u86cb\u767d\u8d28) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.\nQuestion: What could be learned from the research?\n A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.\n B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.\n C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.\n D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men\u2019s fitness and resting metabolic (\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684) rates and took samples (\u6837\u54c1) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists\u2019 lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (\u7981\u98df). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men\u2019s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (\u5361\u8def\u91cc), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (\u86cb\u767d\u8d28) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.\nQuestion: What could be learned from the research?\n A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.\n B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.\n C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.\n D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men\u2019s fitness and resting metabolic (\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684) rates and took samples (\u6837\u54c1) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists\u2019 lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (\u7981\u98df). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men\u2019s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (\u5361\u8def\u91cc), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (\u86cb\u767d\u8d28) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.\nQuestion: What could be learned from the research?\n A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.\n B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.\n C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.\n D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:50"}
{"index": 22, "query": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What can be a suitable title for the text?\n A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart\n B. Balancing Our Daily Diet\n C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef\n D. Cooking Well for Less\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What can be a suitable title for the text?\n A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart\n B. Balancing Our Daily Diet\n C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef\n D. Cooking Well for Less\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What can be a suitable title for the text?\n A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart\n B. Balancing Our Daily Diet\n C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef\n D. Cooking Well for Less\nAnswer:", "full_text": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What can be a suitable title for the text?\n A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart\n B. Balancing Our Daily Diet\n C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef\n D. Cooking Well for Less\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:22"}
{"index": 60, "query": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eMichael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they\n A. have the instinct to help others\uff0e\n B. know how to offer help to adults\uff0e\n C. know the world better than chimps\uff0e\n D. trust adults with their hands full\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eMichael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they\n A. have the instinct to help others\uff0e\n B. know how to offer help to adults\uff0e\n C. know the world better than chimps\uff0e\n D. trust adults with their hands full\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eMichael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they\n A. have the instinct to help others\uff0e\n B. know how to offer help to adults\uff0e\n C. know the world better than chimps\uff0e\n D. trust adults with their hands full\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eMichael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they\n A. have the instinct to help others\uff0e\n B. know how to offer help to adults\uff0e\n C. know the world better than chimps\uff0e\n D. trust adults with their hands full\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:60"}
{"index": 108, "query": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: What does the Gallery feel sorry for?\n A. Visitors have to keep their valuable items in the checkrooms.\n B. The size of visitor items allowed into the Gallery is limited.\n C. It cannot keep oversized visitor items due to limited space.\n D. Visitor items over 17\u00d726 inches must go through additional checks.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: What does the Gallery feel sorry for?\n A. Visitors have to keep their valuable items in the checkrooms.\n B. The size of visitor items allowed into the Gallery is limited.\n C. It cannot keep oversized visitor items due to limited space.\n D. Visitor items over 17\u00d726 inches must go through additional checks.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: What does the Gallery feel sorry for?\n A. Visitors have to keep their valuable items in the checkrooms.\n B. The size of visitor items allowed into the Gallery is limited.\n C. It cannot keep oversized visitor items due to limited space.\n D. Visitor items over 17\u00d726 inches must go through additional checks.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: What does the Gallery feel sorry for?\n A. Visitors have to keep their valuable items in the checkrooms.\n B. The size of visitor items allowed into the Gallery is limited.\n C. It cannot keep oversized visitor items due to limited space.\n D. Visitor items over 17\u00d726 inches must go through additional checks.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:108"}
{"index": 298, "query": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What is unavoidable in the author\u2019s rescue work according to paragraph 1?\n A. Efforts made in vain.  \n B. Getting injured in his work.  \n C. Feeling uncertain about his future.  \n D. Creatures forced out of their homes.  \nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What is unavoidable in the author\u2019s rescue work according to paragraph 1?\n A. Efforts made in vain.  \n B. Getting injured in his work.  \n C. Feeling uncertain about his future.  \n D. Creatures forced out of their homes.  \nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What is unavoidable in the author\u2019s rescue work according to paragraph 1?\n A. Efforts made in vain.  \n B. Getting injured in his work.  \n C. Feeling uncertain about his future.  \n D. Creatures forced out of their homes.  \nAnswer:", "full_text": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What is unavoidable in the author\u2019s rescue work according to paragraph 1?\n A. Efforts made in vain.  \n B. Getting injured in his work.  \n C. Feeling uncertain about his future.  \n D. Creatures forced out of their homes.  \nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:298"}
{"index": 292, "query": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true?\n A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.\n B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.\n C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 20 years.\n D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true?\n A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.\n B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.\n C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 20 years.\n D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true?\n A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.\n B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.\n C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 20 years.\n D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world\u2019s supply of water. With 97% of the world\u2019s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(\u77ed\u7f3a) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world\u2019s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(\u5c71\u8c37) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(\u704c\u6e89). In Texas, farmers\u2019 overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia\u2019s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true?\n A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.\n B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.\n C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 20 years.\n D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:292"}
{"index": 210, "query": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 57\uff0eHow does Mr. Cool manage to travel the Information Highway so fast?\n A. By storing fewer files.\n B. By repairing the system.\n C. By buying a better computer.\n D. By using a broad-band connection.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 57\uff0eHow does Mr. Cool manage to travel the Information Highway so fast?\n A. By storing fewer files.\n B. By repairing the system.\n C. By buying a better computer.\n D. By using a broad-band connection.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 57\uff0eHow does Mr. Cool manage to travel the Information Highway so fast?\n A. By storing fewer files.\n B. By repairing the system.\n C. By buying a better computer.\n D. By using a broad-band connection.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 57\uff0eHow does Mr. Cool manage to travel the Information Highway so fast?\n A. By storing fewer files.\n B. By repairing the system.\n C. By buying a better computer.\n D. By using a broad-band connection.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:210"}
{"index": 25, "query": "Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (\u8054\u7cfb) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused__ __many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world\u2019s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (\u6d88\u4ea1), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.\nQuestion: How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?\n A. About 6,800.\n B. About 3,400.\n C. About 2,400.\n D. About 1,200.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (\u8054\u7cfb) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused__ __many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world\u2019s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (\u6d88\u4ea1), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.\nQuestion: How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?\n A. About 6,800.\n B. About 3,400.\n C. About 2,400.\n D. About 1,200.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (\u8054\u7cfb) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused__ __many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world\u2019s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (\u6d88\u4ea1), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.\nQuestion: How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?\n A. About 6,800.\n B. About 3,400.\n C. About 2,400.\n D. About 1,200.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (\u8054\u7cfb) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused__ __many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world\u2019s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (\u6d88\u4ea1), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.\nQuestion: How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?\n A. About 6,800.\n B. About 3,400.\n C. About 2,400.\n D. About 1,200.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:25"}
{"index": 14, "query": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he      .\n A. considers Drayton's concept\n B. gets permission from Ashoka\n C. tries to improve social conditions\n D. is a young, happy and healthy adult\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he      .\n A. considers Drayton's concept\n B. gets permission from Ashoka\n C. tries to improve social conditions\n D. is a young, happy and healthy adult\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he      .\n A. considers Drayton's concept\n B. gets permission from Ashoka\n C. tries to improve social conditions\n D. is a young, happy and healthy adult\nAnswer:", "full_text": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he      .\n A. considers Drayton's concept\n B. gets permission from Ashoka\n C. tries to improve social conditions\n D. is a young, happy and healthy adult\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:14"}
{"index": 283, "query": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: What does the author think of cities all over the world?\n A. They are alive.      \n B. They are hopeless.  \n C. They are similar.     \n D. They are different.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: What does the author think of cities all over the world?\n A. They are alive.      \n B. They are hopeless.  \n C. They are similar.     \n D. They are different.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: What does the author think of cities all over the world?\n A. They are alive.      \n B. They are hopeless.  \n C. They are similar.     \n D. They are different.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War \u2161, the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts\uff08\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents\uff08\u5c45\u6c11\uff09became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs\uff08\u90ca\u533a\uff09.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure\uff1amany dying cities are alive again.\nQuestion: What does the author think of cities all over the world?\n A. They are alive.      \n B. They are hopeless.  \n C. They are similar.     \n D. They are different.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:283"}
{"index": 261, "query": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: What does a person need most to be the one-hour weekday job?\n A. He should he cheerful, dependable, and easy-going.\n B. He has to work from Monday to Friday.\n C. He can remain calm in a difficult situation.\n D. He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: What does a person need most to be the one-hour weekday job?\n A. He should he cheerful, dependable, and easy-going.\n B. He has to work from Monday to Friday.\n C. He can remain calm in a difficult situation.\n D. He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: What does a person need most to be the one-hour weekday job?\n A. He should he cheerful, dependable, and easy-going.\n B. He has to work from Monday to Friday.\n C. He can remain calm in a difficult situation.\n D. He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: What does a person need most to be the one-hour weekday job?\n A. He should he cheerful, dependable, and easy-going.\n B. He has to work from Monday to Friday.\n C. He can remain calm in a difficult situation.\n D. He can welcome guests and deal with phone calls.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:261"}
{"index": 34, "query": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: What does the text mainly tell us?\n A. Tips on an important social skill.       \n B. Importance of attending parties.\n C. How to make use of associations.      \n D. How to recite and repeat names.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: What does the text mainly tell us?\n A. Tips on an important social skill.       \n B. Importance of attending parties.\n C. How to make use of associations.      \n D. How to recite and repeat names.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: What does the text mainly tell us?\n A. Tips on an important social skill.       \n B. Importance of attending parties.\n C. How to make use of associations.      \n D. How to recite and repeat names.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: What does the text mainly tell us?\n A. Tips on an important social skill.       \n B. Importance of attending parties.\n C. How to make use of associations.      \n D. How to recite and repeat names.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:34"}
{"index": 99, "query": "Imagine\uff0cone day\uff0cgetting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours\uff0cand then\uff0cafter a full day of work\uff0cgoing back home to Beijing and having dinner there\uff0e    Sounds unusual\uff0cdoesn't it\uff1fBut it's not that unrealistic\uff0cwith the development of China's high\ufe63speed railway system\uff0eAnd that's not a11\uff0eChina has an even greater high\ufe63speed railway plan\ufe63to connect the country with Southeast Asia\uff0cand eventually Eastern Europe\uff0e    China is negotiating to extend its own high\ufe63speed railway network to up to 17countries in 10 to 15 years\uff0ceventually reaching London and Singapore\uff0e    China has proposed three such projects\uff0eThe first would possibly connect Kunming withSingapore via Vietnam and Malaysia\uff0eAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan\uff0cand possibly to Germany\uff0eThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe\uff0e    If China's plan for the high\ufe63speed railway goes forward\uff0cpeople could zip over from London to Beiling in under two days\uff0e    The new system would still follow China's high\ufe63speed railway standard\uff0eAnd the trains would be able to go 346kilometers an hour\uff0calmost as fast as some airplanes\uff0eChina's bullet train\uff08\u9ad8\u901f\u5ba2\u8f66\uff09\uff0cthe one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou\uff0calready has the    World's fastest average speed\uff0eIt covers 1\uff0c069kilometers in about three hours\uff0eOf course\uff0cthere are some technical challenges to overcome\uff0eThere are so many issues that need to be settled\uff0csuch as safety\uff0crail gauge\uff08\u8f68\u8ddd\uff09\uff0cmaintenance of railway tracks\uff0eSo\uff0cit's important to pay attention to every detail\uff0e    But the key issue is really money\uff0eChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion\uff0e    China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment\uff0eResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development\uff0e    It'11 be a win\ufe63win project\uff0eFor other countries\uff0cthe railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business\uff0ctourism and so on\uff0cnot to mention the better communication among those countnes\uff0e    For China\uff0csuch a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much\ufe63needed resources\uff0cbut would also help develop China's far west\uff0eWe foresee that in the coming decades\uff0cmillions of people will migrate to the western regions\uff0cwhere the land is empty and resources unused\uff0eWith high\ufe63speed trains\uff0cpeople will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11\uff0eAnd they'11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eWhich of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards China's high\ufe63speed railway plan\uff1f\u3000D\n A. Critical\uff0e    \n B. Reserved\uff0e    \n C. Doubtful     \n D. Positive\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Imagine\uff0cone day\uff0cgetting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours\uff0cand then\uff0cafter a full day of work\uff0cgoing back home to Beijing and having dinner there\uff0e    Sounds unusual\uff0cdoesn't it\uff1fBut it's not that unrealistic\uff0cwith the development of China's high\ufe63speed railway system\uff0eAnd that's not a11\uff0eChina has an even greater high\ufe63speed railway plan\ufe63to connect the country with Southeast Asia\uff0cand eventually Eastern Europe\uff0e    China is negotiating to extend its own high\ufe63speed railway network to up to 17countries in 10 to 15 years\uff0ceventually reaching London and Singapore\uff0e    China has proposed three such projects\uff0eThe first would possibly connect Kunming withSingapore via Vietnam and Malaysia\uff0eAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan\uff0cand possibly to Germany\uff0eThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe\uff0e    If China's plan for the high\ufe63speed railway goes forward\uff0cpeople could zip over from London to Beiling in under two days\uff0e    The new system would still follow China's high\ufe63speed railway standard\uff0eAnd the trains would be able to go 346kilometers an hour\uff0calmost as fast as some airplanes\uff0eChina's bullet train\uff08\u9ad8\u901f\u5ba2\u8f66\uff09\uff0cthe one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou\uff0calready has the    World's fastest average speed\uff0eIt covers 1\uff0c069kilometers in about three hours\uff0eOf course\uff0cthere are some technical challenges to overcome\uff0eThere are so many issues that need to be settled\uff0csuch as safety\uff0crail gauge\uff08\u8f68\u8ddd\uff09\uff0cmaintenance of railway tracks\uff0eSo\uff0cit's important to pay attention to every detail\uff0e    But the key issue is really money\uff0eChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion\uff0e    China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment\uff0eResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development\uff0e    It'11 be a win\ufe63win project\uff0eFor other countries\uff0cthe railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business\uff0ctourism and so on\uff0cnot to mention the better communication among those countnes\uff0e    For China\uff0csuch a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much\ufe63needed resources\uff0cbut would also help develop China's far west\uff0eWe foresee that in the coming decades\uff0cmillions of people will migrate to the western regions\uff0cwhere the land is empty and resources unused\uff0eWith high\ufe63speed trains\uff0cpeople will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11\uff0eAnd they'11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eWhich of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards China's high\ufe63speed railway plan\uff1f\u3000D\n A. Critical\uff0e    \n B. Reserved\uff0e    \n C. Doubtful     \n D. Positive\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Imagine\uff0cone day\uff0cgetting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours\uff0cand then\uff0cafter a full day of work\uff0cgoing back home to Beijing and having dinner there\uff0e    Sounds unusual\uff0cdoesn't it\uff1fBut it's not that unrealistic\uff0cwith the development of China's high\ufe63speed railway system\uff0eAnd that's not a11\uff0eChina has an even greater high\ufe63speed railway plan\ufe63to connect the country with Southeast Asia\uff0cand eventually Eastern Europe\uff0e    China is negotiating to extend its own high\ufe63speed railway network to up to 17countries in 10 to 15 years\uff0ceventually reaching London and Singapore\uff0e    China has proposed three such projects\uff0eThe first would possibly connect Kunming withSingapore via Vietnam and Malaysia\uff0eAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan\uff0cand possibly to Germany\uff0eThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe\uff0e    If China's plan for the high\ufe63speed railway goes forward\uff0cpeople could zip over from London to Beiling in under two days\uff0e    The new system would still follow China's high\ufe63speed railway standard\uff0eAnd the trains would be able to go 346kilometers an hour\uff0calmost as fast as some airplanes\uff0eChina's bullet train\uff08\u9ad8\u901f\u5ba2\u8f66\uff09\uff0cthe one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou\uff0calready has the    World's fastest average speed\uff0eIt covers 1\uff0c069kilometers in about three hours\uff0eOf course\uff0cthere are some technical challenges to overcome\uff0eThere are so many issues that need to be settled\uff0csuch as safety\uff0crail gauge\uff08\u8f68\u8ddd\uff09\uff0cmaintenance of railway tracks\uff0eSo\uff0cit's important to pay attention to every detail\uff0e    But the key issue is really money\uff0eChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion\uff0e    China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment\uff0eResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development\uff0e    It'11 be a win\ufe63win project\uff0eFor other countries\uff0cthe railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business\uff0ctourism and so on\uff0cnot to mention the better communication among those countnes\uff0e    For China\uff0csuch a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much\ufe63needed resources\uff0cbut would also help develop China's far west\uff0eWe foresee that in the coming decades\uff0cmillions of people will migrate to the western regions\uff0cwhere the land is empty and resources unused\uff0eWith high\ufe63speed trains\uff0cpeople will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11\uff0eAnd they'11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eWhich of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards China's high\ufe63speed railway plan\uff1f\u3000D\n A. Critical\uff0e    \n B. Reserved\uff0e    \n C. Doubtful     \n D. Positive\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Imagine\uff0cone day\uff0cgetting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours\uff0cand then\uff0cafter a full day of work\uff0cgoing back home to Beijing and having dinner there\uff0e    Sounds unusual\uff0cdoesn't it\uff1fBut it's not that unrealistic\uff0cwith the development of China's high\ufe63speed railway system\uff0eAnd that's not a11\uff0eChina has an even greater high\ufe63speed railway plan\ufe63to connect the country with Southeast Asia\uff0cand eventually Eastern Europe\uff0e    China is negotiating to extend its own high\ufe63speed railway network to up to 17countries in 10 to 15 years\uff0ceventually reaching London and Singapore\uff0e    China has proposed three such projects\uff0eThe first would possibly connect Kunming withSingapore via Vietnam and Malaysia\uff0eAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan\uff0cand possibly to Germany\uff0eThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe\uff0e    If China's plan for the high\ufe63speed railway goes forward\uff0cpeople could zip over from London to Beiling in under two days\uff0e    The new system would still follow China's high\ufe63speed railway standard\uff0eAnd the trains would be able to go 346kilometers an hour\uff0calmost as fast as some airplanes\uff0eChina's bullet train\uff08\u9ad8\u901f\u5ba2\u8f66\uff09\uff0cthe one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou\uff0calready has the    World's fastest average speed\uff0eIt covers 1\uff0c069kilometers in about three hours\uff0eOf course\uff0cthere are some technical challenges to overcome\uff0eThere are so many issues that need to be settled\uff0csuch as safety\uff0crail gauge\uff08\u8f68\u8ddd\uff09\uff0cmaintenance of railway tracks\uff0eSo\uff0cit's important to pay attention to every detail\uff0e    But the key issue is really money\uff0eChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion\uff0e    China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment\uff0eResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development\uff0e    It'11 be a win\ufe63win project\uff0eFor other countries\uff0cthe railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business\uff0ctourism and so on\uff0cnot to mention the better communication among those countnes\uff0e    For China\uff0csuch a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much\ufe63needed resources\uff0cbut would also help develop China's far west\uff0eWe foresee that in the coming decades\uff0cmillions of people will migrate to the western regions\uff0cwhere the land is empty and resources unused\uff0eWith high\ufe63speed trains\uff0cpeople will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11\uff0eAnd they'11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eWhich of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards China's high\ufe63speed railway plan\uff1f\u3000D\n A. Critical\uff0e    \n B. Reserved\uff0e    \n C. Doubtful     \n D. Positive\uff0e\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:99"}
{"index": 96, "query": "BORDERCROSSINGSWhile there are no restrictions on zhe amount of money that you can bring across the border\uff0eyou must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than 10.000\uff0ePERSONALEXEMPTIONS\uff08\u514d\u7a0e\uff09 ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THEUSLessthan48hours\uff1a200 US\nQuestion: 66\uff0eWhat documentation should a couple with a 7\ufe63year\ufe63old child carry when they drive a car from Canada to America\uff1f\u3000C\n A. ABC driver's license\uff0can Air NEXUS card\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e \n B. An Air NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e\n C. Two vaild passport crads and a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\n D. A NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "BORDERCROSSINGSWhile there are no restrictions on zhe amount of money that you can bring across the border\uff0eyou must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than 10.000\uff0ePERSONALEXEMPTIONS\uff08\u514d\u7a0e\uff09 ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THEUSLessthan48hours\uff1a200 US\nQuestion: 66\uff0eWhat documentation should a couple with a 7\ufe63year\ufe63old child carry when they drive a car from Canada to America\uff1f\u3000C\n A. ABC driver's license\uff0can Air NEXUS card\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e \n B. An Air NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e\n C. Two vaild passport crads and a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\n D. A NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "BORDERCROSSINGSWhile there are no restrictions on zhe amount of money that you can bring across the border\uff0eyou must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than 10.000\uff0ePERSONALEXEMPTIONS\uff08\u514d\u7a0e\uff09 ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THEUSLessthan48hours\uff1a200 US\nQuestion: 66\uff0eWhat documentation should a couple with a 7\ufe63year\ufe63old child carry when they drive a car from Canada to America\uff1f\u3000C\n A. ABC driver's license\uff0can Air NEXUS card\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e \n B. An Air NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e\n C. Two vaild passport crads and a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\n D. A NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "BORDERCROSSINGSWhile there are no restrictions on zhe amount of money that you can bring across the border\uff0eyou must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than 10.000\uff0ePERSONALEXEMPTIONS\uff08\u514d\u7a0e\uff09 ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THEUSLessthan48hours\uff1a200 US\nQuestion: 66\uff0eWhat documentation should a couple with a 7\ufe63year\ufe63old child carry when they drive a car from Canada to America\uff1f\u3000C\n A. ABC driver's license\uff0can Air NEXUS card\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e \n B. An Air NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a birth certificate\uff0e\n C. Two vaild passport crads and a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\n D. A NEXUS card\uff0ca U\uff0eS\uff0eCoast Guard Merchant Marine Document\uff0cand a certified copy of a birth certificate\uff0e\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:96"}
{"index": 13, "query": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The underlined word \"them\" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to\"        \"\n A. the local farmers     \n B. Masqsood and Iftekhar\n C. Drayton and his team\n D. the poor people in Dhaka\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The underlined word \"them\" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to\"        \"\n A. the local farmers     \n B. Masqsood and Iftekhar\n C. Drayton and his team\n D. the poor people in Dhaka\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The underlined word \"them\" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to\"        \"\n A. the local farmers     \n B. Masqsood and Iftekhar\n C. Drayton and his team\n D. the poor people in Dhaka\nAnswer:", "full_text": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The underlined word \"them\" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to\"        \"\n A. the local farmers     \n B. Masqsood and Iftekhar\n C. Drayton and his team\n D. the poor people in Dhaka\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:13"}
{"index": 116, "query": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 56\uff0eWhile watching TV with others\uff0cwomen Usually talk a lot because they\n A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends\n B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time\n C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships\n D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 56\uff0eWhile watching TV with others\uff0cwomen Usually talk a lot because they\n A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends\n B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time\n C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships\n D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 56\uff0eWhile watching TV with others\uff0cwomen Usually talk a lot because they\n A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends\n B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time\n C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships\n D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands\nAnswer:", "full_text": "When women sit together to watch a movie on TV\uff0cthey usually talk simultaneously\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff09about a variety of subjects\uff0cincluding children\uff0cmen\uff0ccareers and what's happening in their lives\uff0eWhen groups of men and women watch a movie together\uff0cthe men usually end up telling the women to shut up\uff0eMen can either talk or watch the screen\ufe63\ufe63they can't do both\ufe63\ufe63and they don't understand that women can\uff0eBesides\uff0cwomen consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships\ufe63\ufe63not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen\uff0e  During the ad breaks\uff0ca man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going\uff0eHe is unable\uff0cunlike women\uff0cto read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally\uff0eSince women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group\uff0cthey developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships\uff0eFor a woman\uff0cspeech continues to have such a clear purpose\uff1ato build relationships and make friends\uff0eFor men\uff0cto talk is to relate the facts\uff0e  Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people\uff0cbut a woman sees it as a means of bonding\uff0eA woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and\uff0cwhen she returns home\uff0ctelephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours\uff0e  There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning\uff0cthe fact that girls'mothers talked them more\uff0cis the reason why girls talk more than boys\uff0ePsychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis\uff0cauthor of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition\uff0cconducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at\uff0cbaby girls more often than baby boys\uff0eScientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children\uff0eSince a girl's brain is better organized to send and receive speech\uff0cwe therefore talk to them more\uff0eConsequently\uff0cmothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply\uff0e\nQuestion: 56\uff0eWhile watching TV with others\uff0cwomen Usually talk a lot because they\n A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends\n B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time\n C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships\n D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:116"}
{"index": 203, "query": "After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations \u2014 major food sources (\u6765\u6e90) for the wolf \u2014 grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (\u690d\u88ab), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park\u2019s red foxes, and completely drove away the park\u2019s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.    The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.\nQuestion: What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?\n A. Damage to local ecology.     \n B. A decline in the park\u2019s income.\n C. Preservation of vegetation.    \n D. An increase in the variety of animals.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations \u2014 major food sources (\u6765\u6e90) for the wolf \u2014 grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (\u690d\u88ab), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park\u2019s red foxes, and completely drove away the park\u2019s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.    The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.\nQuestion: What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?\n A. Damage to local ecology.     \n B. A decline in the park\u2019s income.\n C. Preservation of vegetation.    \n D. An increase in the variety of animals.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations \u2014 major food sources (\u6765\u6e90) for the wolf \u2014 grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (\u690d\u88ab), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park\u2019s red foxes, and completely drove away the park\u2019s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.    The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.\nQuestion: What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?\n A. Damage to local ecology.     \n B. A decline in the park\u2019s income.\n C. Preservation of vegetation.    \n D. An increase in the variety of animals.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations \u2014 major food sources (\u6765\u6e90) for the wolf \u2014 grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (\u690d\u88ab), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park\u2019s red foxes, and completely drove away the park\u2019s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.    The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.\nQuestion: What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?\n A. Damage to local ecology.     \n B. A decline in the park\u2019s income.\n C. Preservation of vegetation.    \n D. An increase in the variety of animals.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:203"}
{"index": 235, "query": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?\n A. Make decisions in the best interestsof their own.\n B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.\n C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.\n D. Get to know themselves better.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?\n A. Make decisions in the best interestsof their own.\n B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.\n C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.\n D. Get to know themselves better.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?\n A. Make decisions in the best interestsof their own.\n B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.\n C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.\n D. Get to know themselves better.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?\n A. Make decisions in the best interestsof their own.\n B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.\n C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.\n D. Get to know themselves better.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:235"}
{"index": 181, "query": "__      __Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils\uff08\u707e\u7978\uff09.People\u2019s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies\u2019 reactions \uff08\u53cd\u5e94\uff09toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a person\u2019s blood pressure to rise and increase people\u2019s appetites\uff08\u98df\u6b32\uff09. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red \u201cBuy Now\u201d button because red is a color that easily catches a person\u2019s eye.    Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.    The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.\nQuestion: Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?\n A. Colors and Human Beings\n B. The Cultural Meaning of Color\n C. Colors and Personal Experiences\n D. The Meaning and Function of Color\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__      __Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils\uff08\u707e\u7978\uff09.People\u2019s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies\u2019 reactions \uff08\u53cd\u5e94\uff09toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a person\u2019s blood pressure to rise and increase people\u2019s appetites\uff08\u98df\u6b32\uff09. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red \u201cBuy Now\u201d button because red is a color that easily catches a person\u2019s eye.    Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.    The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.\nQuestion: Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?\n A. Colors and Human Beings\n B. The Cultural Meaning of Color\n C. Colors and Personal Experiences\n D. The Meaning and Function of Color\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__      __Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils\uff08\u707e\u7978\uff09.People\u2019s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies\u2019 reactions \uff08\u53cd\u5e94\uff09toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a person\u2019s blood pressure to rise and increase people\u2019s appetites\uff08\u98df\u6b32\uff09. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red \u201cBuy Now\u201d button because red is a color that easily catches a person\u2019s eye.    Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.    The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.\nQuestion: Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?\n A. Colors and Human Beings\n B. The Cultural Meaning of Color\n C. Colors and Personal Experiences\n D. The Meaning and Function of Color\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__      __Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils\uff08\u707e\u7978\uff09.People\u2019s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies\u2019 reactions \uff08\u53cd\u5e94\uff09toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a person\u2019s blood pressure to rise and increase people\u2019s appetites\uff08\u98df\u6b32\uff09. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red \u201cBuy Now\u201d button because red is a color that easily catches a person\u2019s eye.    Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.    The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.\nQuestion: Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?\n A. Colors and Human Beings\n B. The Cultural Meaning of Color\n C. Colors and Personal Experiences\n D. The Meaning and Function of Color\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:181"}
{"index": 266, "query": "      People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you\u2019re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(\u4f53\u80b2\u9986). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.     How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness(\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e26) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(\u7ef3\u7d22)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don\u2019t fall. A beginner\u2019s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it\u2019s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it\u2019s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It\u2019s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it\u2019s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.    Climbing attracts people because it\u2019s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.\nQuestion: The word \u201cworkout\u201d underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.\n A. settlement        \n B. exercise     \n C. excitement     \n D. tiredness\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "      People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you\u2019re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(\u4f53\u80b2\u9986). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.     How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness(\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e26) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(\u7ef3\u7d22)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don\u2019t fall. A beginner\u2019s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it\u2019s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it\u2019s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It\u2019s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it\u2019s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.    Climbing attracts people because it\u2019s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.\nQuestion: The word \u201cworkout\u201d underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.\n A. settlement        \n B. exercise     \n C. excitement     \n D. tiredness\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "      People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you\u2019re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(\u4f53\u80b2\u9986). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.     How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness(\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e26) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(\u7ef3\u7d22)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don\u2019t fall. A beginner\u2019s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it\u2019s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it\u2019s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It\u2019s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it\u2019s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.    Climbing attracts people because it\u2019s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.\nQuestion: The word \u201cworkout\u201d underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.\n A. settlement        \n B. exercise     \n C. excitement     \n D. tiredness\nAnswer:", "full_text": "People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you\u2019re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(\u4f53\u80b2\u9986). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.     How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness(\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e26) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(\u7ef3\u7d22)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don\u2019t fall. A beginner\u2019s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it\u2019s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it\u2019s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It\u2019s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it\u2019s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.    Climbing attracts people because it\u2019s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.\nQuestion: The word \u201cworkout\u201d underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.\n A. settlement        \n B. exercise     \n C. excitement     \n D. tiredness\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:266"}
{"index": 15, "query": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The authors attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as\n A. changing\n B. forgiving\n C. cautious\n D. Positive\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The authors attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as\n A. changing\n B. forgiving\n C. cautious\n D. Positive\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The authors attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as\n A. changing\n B. forgiving\n C. cautious\n D. Positive\nAnswer:", "full_text": "You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (\u8d2b\u7a77)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising \"changemakers\" seeking to solve (\u89e3\u51b3) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka\u2019s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (\u628a\u2026\u2026\u5236\u6210\u5806\u7caa)this waste . They kmew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (\u5316\u80a5) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.\nQuestion: The authors attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as\n A. changing\n B. forgiving\n C. cautious\n D. Positive\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:15"}
{"index": 56, "query": "I was in the middle of the Amazon (\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, \u201cIn your home, do you have a moon too?\u201d I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (\u656c\u754f) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan\u2019s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan\u2019s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan\u2019s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan\u2019s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant  (\u65e0\u77e5\u7684) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider\u2026, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (\u7a77\u5c3d), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (\u751f\u7269), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.\nQuestion: What could be the most suitable title for the passage?\n A. The Possible and the Impossible .\n B. The Known and the Unknown .\n C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .\n D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "I was in the middle of the Amazon (\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, \u201cIn your home, do you have a moon too?\u201d I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (\u656c\u754f) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan\u2019s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan\u2019s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan\u2019s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan\u2019s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant  (\u65e0\u77e5\u7684) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider\u2026, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (\u7a77\u5c3d), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (\u751f\u7269), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.\nQuestion: What could be the most suitable title for the passage?\n A. The Possible and the Impossible .\n B. The Known and the Unknown .\n C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .\n D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "I was in the middle of the Amazon (\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, \u201cIn your home, do you have a moon too?\u201d I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (\u656c\u754f) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan\u2019s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan\u2019s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan\u2019s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan\u2019s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant  (\u65e0\u77e5\u7684) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider\u2026, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (\u7a77\u5c3d), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (\u751f\u7269), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.\nQuestion: What could be the most suitable title for the passage?\n A. The Possible and the Impossible .\n B. The Known and the Unknown .\n C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .\n D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "I was in the middle of the Amazon (\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, \u201cIn your home, do you have a moon too?\u201d I was surprised.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (\u656c\u754f) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan\u2019s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan\u2019s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan\u2019s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juan\u2019s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant  (\u65e0\u77e5\u7684) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider\u2026, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (\u7a77\u5c3d), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (\u751f\u7269), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.\nQuestion: What could be the most suitable title for the passage?\n A. The Possible and the Impossible .\n B. The Known and the Unknown .\n C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .\n D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:56"}
{"index": 101, "query": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The underlined word \u201cally\u201d in Para. 3 more likely means somebody or something that is _________.\n A. your slave and serves you\n B. your supporter and helps you\n C. under your control and obeys you\n D. under your influence and follows you\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The underlined word \u201cally\u201d in Para. 3 more likely means somebody or something that is _________.\n A. your slave and serves you\n B. your supporter and helps you\n C. under your control and obeys you\n D. under your influence and follows you\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The underlined word \u201cally\u201d in Para. 3 more likely means somebody or something that is _________.\n A. your slave and serves you\n B. your supporter and helps you\n C. under your control and obeys you\n D. under your influence and follows you\nAnswer:", "full_text": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The underlined word \u201cally\u201d in Para. 3 more likely means somebody or something that is _________.\n A. your slave and serves you\n B. your supporter and helps you\n C. under your control and obeys you\n D. under your influence and follows you\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:101"}
{"index": 106, "query": "We experience different forms of the Sun\u2019s energy every day. We can see its light  and feel its warmth. The Sun is the major source of evaporation (\u84b8\u53d1) of water from the oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These green plants then provide food for all organisms (\u751f\u7269) on the Earth.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth\u2019s surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth\u2019s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately 0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth\u2019s surface back to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount reflected depends on the surface. For example, you\u2019ve probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributes to the low temperatures of winter. Dark-coloured surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.  \nQuestion: We learn from the passage that _______________.\n A. all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food\n B. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy\n C. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth\n D. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth\u2019s surface\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "We experience different forms of the Sun\u2019s energy every day. We can see its light  and feel its warmth. The Sun is the major source of evaporation (\u84b8\u53d1) of water from the oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These green plants then provide food for all organisms (\u751f\u7269) on the Earth.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth\u2019s surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth\u2019s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately 0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth\u2019s surface back to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount reflected depends on the surface. For example, you\u2019ve probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributes to the low temperatures of winter. Dark-coloured surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.  \nQuestion: We learn from the passage that _______________.\n A. all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food\n B. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy\n C. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth\n D. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth\u2019s surface\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "We experience different forms of the Sun\u2019s energy every day. We can see its light  and feel its warmth. The Sun is the major source of evaporation (\u84b8\u53d1) of water from the oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These green plants then provide food for all organisms (\u751f\u7269) on the Earth.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth\u2019s surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth\u2019s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately 0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth\u2019s surface back to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount reflected depends on the surface. For example, you\u2019ve probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributes to the low temperatures of winter. Dark-coloured surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.  \nQuestion: We learn from the passage that _______________.\n A. all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food\n B. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy\n C. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth\n D. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth\u2019s surface\nAnswer:", "full_text": "We experience different forms of the Sun\u2019s energy every day. We can see its light  and feel its warmth. The Sun is the major source of evaporation (\u84b8\u53d1) of water from the oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These green plants then provide food for all organisms (\u751f\u7269) on the Earth.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth\u2019s surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth\u2019s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately 0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth\u2019s surface back to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount reflected depends on the surface. For example, you\u2019ve probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributes to the low temperatures of winter. Dark-coloured surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.  \nQuestion: We learn from the passage that _______________.\n A. all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food\n B. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy\n C. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth\n D. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth\u2019s surface\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:106"}
{"index": 62, "query": "El Nifio\uff0ca Spanish term for\"the Christ child\"\uff0cwas named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern\uff0cwhich happens every two to seven years\uff0creduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas\uff0eEl Nifio sees warm water\uff0ccollected over several years in the western Pacific\uff0cflow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken\uff0cor sometimes the other way round\uff0eThe weather effects both good and bad\uff0care felt in many places\uff0eRich countries gain more from powerful Nifio\uff0con balance\uff0cthan they lose\uff0eA study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion\uff0cpartly because of better agricultural harvest\uff0cfarmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain\uff0eThe total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones\uff0eBut in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames\uff0eA multi\ufe63year drought \uff08\u5e72\u65f1\uff09in south\ufe63east Brazil is becoming worse\uff0eThough heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California\uff0cthey are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters\uff0eThe most recent powerful Nino\uff0cin 1997\ufe6398\uff0ckilled around 21\uff0c000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe\uff0eBut such Ninos come with months of warning\uff0cand so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare\uff0eAccording to the Overseas Development Institute \uff08ODI\uff09\uff0chowever\uff0cjust 12% of disaster\ufe63relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance\uff0crather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards\uff0eThis is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk\ufe63reduction saves at least two on reconstruction\uff0eSimple improvements to infrastructure \uff08\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff09can reduce the spread of disease\uff0eBetter sewers \uff08\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\uff09make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach\uff0eStronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods\uff0eAccording to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co\ufe63authors\uff0ccivil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects\ufe63and the poorer the country\uff0cthe stronger the link\uff0eThough the relationship may not be causal\uff0chelping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people\uff0eSince the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino\uff0creducing their losses needs to be the priority\uff0e\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1\uff1f\n A. It is named after a South American fisherman\uff0e\n B. It takes place almost every year all over the world\uff0e\n C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas\uff0e\n D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "El Nifio\uff0ca Spanish term for\"the Christ child\"\uff0cwas named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern\uff0cwhich happens every two to seven years\uff0creduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas\uff0eEl Nifio sees warm water\uff0ccollected over several years in the western Pacific\uff0cflow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken\uff0cor sometimes the other way round\uff0eThe weather effects both good and bad\uff0care felt in many places\uff0eRich countries gain more from powerful Nifio\uff0con balance\uff0cthan they lose\uff0eA study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion\uff0cpartly because of better agricultural harvest\uff0cfarmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain\uff0eThe total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones\uff0eBut in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames\uff0eA multi\ufe63year drought \uff08\u5e72\u65f1\uff09in south\ufe63east Brazil is becoming worse\uff0eThough heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California\uff0cthey are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters\uff0eThe most recent powerful Nino\uff0cin 1997\ufe6398\uff0ckilled around 21\uff0c000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe\uff0eBut such Ninos come with months of warning\uff0cand so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare\uff0eAccording to the Overseas Development Institute \uff08ODI\uff09\uff0chowever\uff0cjust 12% of disaster\ufe63relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance\uff0crather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards\uff0eThis is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk\ufe63reduction saves at least two on reconstruction\uff0eSimple improvements to infrastructure \uff08\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff09can reduce the spread of disease\uff0eBetter sewers \uff08\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\uff09make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach\uff0eStronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods\uff0eAccording to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co\ufe63authors\uff0ccivil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects\ufe63and the poorer the country\uff0cthe stronger the link\uff0eThough the relationship may not be causal\uff0chelping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people\uff0eSince the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino\uff0creducing their losses needs to be the priority\uff0e\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1\uff1f\n A. It is named after a South American fisherman\uff0e\n B. It takes place almost every year all over the world\uff0e\n C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas\uff0e\n D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "El Nifio\uff0ca Spanish term for\"the Christ child\"\uff0cwas named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern\uff0cwhich happens every two to seven years\uff0creduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas\uff0eEl Nifio sees warm water\uff0ccollected over several years in the western Pacific\uff0cflow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken\uff0cor sometimes the other way round\uff0eThe weather effects both good and bad\uff0care felt in many places\uff0eRich countries gain more from powerful Nifio\uff0con balance\uff0cthan they lose\uff0eA study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion\uff0cpartly because of better agricultural harvest\uff0cfarmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain\uff0eThe total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones\uff0eBut in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames\uff0eA multi\ufe63year drought \uff08\u5e72\u65f1\uff09in south\ufe63east Brazil is becoming worse\uff0eThough heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California\uff0cthey are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters\uff0eThe most recent powerful Nino\uff0cin 1997\ufe6398\uff0ckilled around 21\uff0c000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe\uff0eBut such Ninos come with months of warning\uff0cand so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare\uff0eAccording to the Overseas Development Institute \uff08ODI\uff09\uff0chowever\uff0cjust 12% of disaster\ufe63relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance\uff0crather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards\uff0eThis is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk\ufe63reduction saves at least two on reconstruction\uff0eSimple improvements to infrastructure \uff08\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff09can reduce the spread of disease\uff0eBetter sewers \uff08\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\uff09make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach\uff0eStronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods\uff0eAccording to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co\ufe63authors\uff0ccivil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects\ufe63and the poorer the country\uff0cthe stronger the link\uff0eThough the relationship may not be causal\uff0chelping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people\uff0eSince the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino\uff0creducing their losses needs to be the priority\uff0e\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1\uff1f\n A. It is named after a South American fisherman\uff0e\n B. It takes place almost every year all over the world\uff0e\n C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas\uff0e\n D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "El Nifio\uff0ca Spanish term for\"the Christ child\"\uff0cwas named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern\uff0cwhich happens every two to seven years\uff0creduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas\uff0eEl Nifio sees warm water\uff0ccollected over several years in the western Pacific\uff0cflow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken\uff0cor sometimes the other way round\uff0eThe weather effects both good and bad\uff0care felt in many places\uff0eRich countries gain more from powerful Nifio\uff0con balance\uff0cthan they lose\uff0eA study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion\uff0cpartly because of better agricultural harvest\uff0cfarmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain\uff0eThe total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones\uff0eBut in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames\uff0eA multi\ufe63year drought \uff08\u5e72\u65f1\uff09in south\ufe63east Brazil is becoming worse\uff0eThough heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California\uff0cthey are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters\uff0eThe most recent powerful Nino\uff0cin 1997\ufe6398\uff0ckilled around 21\uff0c000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe\uff0eBut such Ninos come with months of warning\uff0cand so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare\uff0eAccording to the Overseas Development Institute \uff08ODI\uff09\uff0chowever\uff0cjust 12% of disaster\ufe63relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance\uff0crather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards\uff0eThis is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk\ufe63reduction saves at least two on reconstruction\uff0eSimple improvements to infrastructure \uff08\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff09can reduce the spread of disease\uff0eBetter sewers \uff08\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\uff09make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach\uff0eStronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods\uff0eAccording to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co\ufe63authors\uff0ccivil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects\ufe63and the poorer the country\uff0cthe stronger the link\uff0eThough the relationship may not be causal\uff0chelping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people\uff0eSince the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino\uff0creducing their losses needs to be the priority\uff0e\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1\uff1f\n A. It is named after a South American fisherman\uff0e\n B. It takes place almost every year all over the world\uff0e\n C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas\uff0e\n D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean\uff0e\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:62"}
{"index": 124, "query": "Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. \u201c Maybe I could go as Superman,\u201d he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(\u620f\u88c5), but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, \u201cIf you can dream it, you can do it.\u201dIt doesn\u2019t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.\nQuestion: What do we know about Tom?\n A. He was seriously ill.   \n B. He was a dishonest boy.   \n C. He was crazy about magic.   \n D. He was Dr. Epstein\u2019s patient.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. \u201c Maybe I could go as Superman,\u201d he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(\u620f\u88c5), but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, \u201cIf you can dream it, you can do it.\u201dIt doesn\u2019t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.\nQuestion: What do we know about Tom?\n A. He was seriously ill.   \n B. He was a dishonest boy.   \n C. He was crazy about magic.   \n D. He was Dr. Epstein\u2019s patient.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. \u201c Maybe I could go as Superman,\u201d he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(\u620f\u88c5), but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, \u201cIf you can dream it, you can do it.\u201dIt doesn\u2019t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.\nQuestion: What do we know about Tom?\n A. He was seriously ill.   \n B. He was a dishonest boy.   \n C. He was crazy about magic.   \n D. He was Dr. Epstein\u2019s patient.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. \u201c Maybe I could go as Superman,\u201d he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for while. She has avoided buying the expensive costume(\u620f\u88c5), but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, \u201cIf you can dream it, you can do it.\u201dIt doesn\u2019t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.\nQuestion: What do we know about Tom?\n A. He was seriously ill.   \n B. He was a dishonest boy.   \n C. He was crazy about magic.   \n D. He was Dr. Epstein\u2019s patient.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:124"}
{"index": 16, "query": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which tour do you need to book in advance?\n A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.\n C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which tour do you need to book in advance?\n A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.\n C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which tour do you need to book in advance?\n A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.\n C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which tour do you need to book in advance?\n A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.\n C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.\n D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:16"}
{"index": 59, "query": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0ewhat can we learn from the experiment with chimps\uff1f\n A. Chimps seldom care about others'interests\uff0e\n B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children\uff0e\n C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food\uff0e\n D. Chimps naturally share food with each other\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0ewhat can we learn from the experiment with chimps\uff1f\n A. Chimps seldom care about others'interests\uff0e\n B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children\uff0e\n C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food\uff0e\n D. Chimps naturally share food with each other\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0ewhat can we learn from the experiment with chimps\uff1f\n A. Chimps seldom care about others'interests\uff0e\n B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children\uff0e\n C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food\uff0e\n D. Chimps naturally share food with each other\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Chimps\uff08\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\uff09 will cooperate in certain ways\uff0clike gathering in war parties to protect their territory\uff0eBut beyond the minimum requirements as social beings\uff0cthey have little instinct \uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09 to help one another\uff0eChimps in the wild seek food for themselves\uff0eEven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children\uff0eWho are able from a young age to gather their own food\uff0eIn the laboratory\uff0cchimps don't naturally share food either\uff0eIf a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or\uff0cwith no great effort\uff0ca plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage\uff0che will pull at random\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not\uff0eChimps are truly selfish\uff0eHuman children\uff0con the other hand are extremely corporative\uff0eFrom the earliest ages\uff0cthey decide to help others\uff0cto share information and to participate a achieving common goals\uff0eThe psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children\uff0eHe finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door\uff0calmost all will immediately try to help\uff0eThere are several reasons to believe that the urges to help\uff0cinform and share are not taught\uff0ebut naturally possessed in young children\uff0eOne is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially\uff0eAnother  is  that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are remanded\uff0eA third reason is that social intelligence\uff0eDevelops in children before their general cognitive\uff08\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\uff09skills\uff0cat least when compared with chimps\uff0eIn tests conducted by Tomtasell\uff0cthe children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests\uff0cbut were considerably better at understanding the social world\uff0eThe core of what children's minds have and chimps'don't in what Tomasello calls what\uff0ePart of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking\uff0eBut that\uff0ceven very young children want to be part of a shared purpose\uff0eThey actively seek to be part of a\"we\"\uff0ca group that intends to work toward a shared goal\uff0e\nQuestion: 58\uff0ewhat can we learn from the experiment with chimps\uff1f\n A. Chimps seldom care about others'interests\uff0e\n B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children\uff0e\n C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food\uff0e\n D. Chimps naturally share food with each other\uff0e\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:59"}
{"index": 69, "query": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 68\uff0eWhat can we infer from Shelly\ufe63Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5\uff1f\n A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts\uff0e\n B. She was eager to do more for her country\uff0e\n C. She became an athletic star in her country\uff0e\n D. She was the envy of the whole community\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 68\uff0eWhat can we infer from Shelly\ufe63Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5\uff1f\n A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts\uff0e\n B. She was eager to do more for her country\uff0e\n C. She became an athletic star in her country\uff0e\n D. She was the envy of the whole community\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 68\uff0eWhat can we infer from Shelly\ufe63Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5\uff1f\n A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts\uff0e\n B. She was eager to do more for her country\uff0e\n C. She became an athletic star in her country\uff0e\n D. She was the envy of the whole community\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 68\uff0eWhat can we infer from Shelly\ufe63Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5\uff1f\n A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts\uff0e\n B. She was eager to do more for her country\uff0e\n C. She became an athletic star in her country\uff0e\n D. She was the envy of the whole community\uff0e\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:69"}
{"index": 188, "query": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?\n A. A large kite.                         \n B. Any type of kite.\n C. A complex structure.                  \n D. A kite that impresses others.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?\n A. A large kite.                         \n B. Any type of kite.\n C. A complex structure.                  \n D. A kite that impresses others.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?\n A. A large kite.                         \n B. Any type of kite.\n C. A complex structure.                  \n D. A kite that impresses others.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?\n A. A large kite.                         \n B. Any type of kite.\n C. A complex structure.                  \n D. A kite that impresses others.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:188"}
{"index": 44, "query": "Sometimes it\u2019s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country\u2019s past-age-old castles, splendid homes\u2026 and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (\u5e9f\u54c1\u573a), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (\u9664\u98a4\u5668).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis\u2019 engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I \u201clike what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,\u201d he said.\nQuestion: The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.\n A. to form a beautiful sight of the city\n B. to improve telecommunications services\n C. to remind people of a historical period\n D. to meet the requirement of green economy\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Sometimes it\u2019s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country\u2019s past-age-old castles, splendid homes\u2026 and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (\u5e9f\u54c1\u573a), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (\u9664\u98a4\u5668).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis\u2019 engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I \u201clike what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,\u201d he said.\nQuestion: The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.\n A. to form a beautiful sight of the city\n B. to improve telecommunications services\n C. to remind people of a historical period\n D. to meet the requirement of green economy\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Sometimes it\u2019s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country\u2019s past-age-old castles, splendid homes\u2026 and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (\u5e9f\u54c1\u573a), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (\u9664\u98a4\u5668).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis\u2019 engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I \u201clike what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,\u201d he said.\nQuestion: The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.\n A. to form a beautiful sight of the city\n B. to improve telecommunications services\n C. to remind people of a historical period\n D. to meet the requirement of green economy\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Sometimes it\u2019s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country\u2019s past-age-old castles, splendid homes\u2026 and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (\u5e9f\u54c1\u573a), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (\u9664\u98a4\u5668).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis\u2019 engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I \u201clike what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,\u201d he said.\nQuestion: The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.\n A. to form a beautiful sight of the city\n B. to improve telecommunications services\n C. to remind people of a historical period\n D. to meet the requirement of green economy\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:44"}
{"index": 275, "query": "The engineer Camillo Oliver was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company's head office s still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.Camillo's son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\uff09computer designed and made in Italy.After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company. In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marking and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world's leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group\u2014one for personal computers, one for Systems and services, and two for telecommunications.\nQuestion: From the text we learn that ______________.\n A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year\n B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s\n C. some of Olivetti\u2019s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy\n D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning \nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "The engineer Camillo Oliver was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company's head office s still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.Camillo's son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\uff09computer designed and made in Italy.After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company. In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marking and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world's leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group\u2014one for personal computers, one for Systems and services, and two for telecommunications.\nQuestion: From the text we learn that ______________.\n A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year\n B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s\n C. some of Olivetti\u2019s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy\n D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning \nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The engineer Camillo Oliver was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company's head office s still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.Camillo's son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\uff09computer designed and made in Italy.After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company. In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marking and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world's leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group\u2014one for personal computers, one for Systems and services, and two for telecommunications.\nQuestion: From the text we learn that ______________.\n A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year\n B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s\n C. some of Olivetti\u2019s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy\n D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning \nAnswer:", "full_text": "The engineer Camillo Oliver was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company's head office s still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.Camillo's son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe\uff08\u4e3b\u673a\uff09computer designed and made in Italy.After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company. In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marking and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world's leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group\u2014one for personal computers, one for Systems and services, and two for telecommunications.\nQuestion: From the text we learn that ______________.\n A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year\n B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s\n C. some of Olivetti\u2019s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy\n D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning \nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:275"}
{"index": 142, "query": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the best title of this passage?\n A. The Advantages of Online Exams     \n B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses\n C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education    \n D. The War against the Booming of Online Education\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the best title of this passage?\n A. The Advantages of Online Exams     \n B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses\n C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education    \n D. The War against the Booming of Online Education\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the best title of this passage?\n A. The Advantages of Online Exams     \n B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses\n C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education    \n D. The War against the Booming of Online Education\nAnswer:", "full_text": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Which of the following is the best title of this passage?\n A. The Advantages of Online Exams     \n B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses\n C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education    \n D. The War against the Booming of Online Education\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:142"}
{"index": 226, "query": "George Prochnik would like would to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, *listening for Meaning in a World of Noise*, Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):\u201cWe\u2019ve become so accustomed to noise, there\u2019s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it\u2019s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.\u201d\u201cWe need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you  merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art\u2014the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono \uff08\u548c\u670d\uff09brushing against the floor.\u201d\u201cDeaf people are very attentive\uff08\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\uff09in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts\uff08\u4e00\u9635\u9635\uff09of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us\u2014of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking\uff08\u5f00\u88c2\u58f0\uff09. It\u2019s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. \u201d\nQuestion: 74\uff0eWhich of the following is true according to Prochnik?\n A. We need more sounds in our lives.\n B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf.\n C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is.\n D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "George Prochnik would like would to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, *listening for Meaning in a World of Noise*, Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):\u201cWe\u2019ve become so accustomed to noise, there\u2019s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it\u2019s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.\u201d\u201cWe need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you  merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art\u2014the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono \uff08\u548c\u670d\uff09brushing against the floor.\u201d\u201cDeaf people are very attentive\uff08\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\uff09in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts\uff08\u4e00\u9635\u9635\uff09of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us\u2014of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking\uff08\u5f00\u88c2\u58f0\uff09. It\u2019s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. \u201d\nQuestion: 74\uff0eWhich of the following is true according to Prochnik?\n A. We need more sounds in our lives.\n B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf.\n C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is.\n D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "George Prochnik would like would to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, *listening for Meaning in a World of Noise*, Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):\u201cWe\u2019ve become so accustomed to noise, there\u2019s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it\u2019s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.\u201d\u201cWe need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you  merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art\u2014the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono \uff08\u548c\u670d\uff09brushing against the floor.\u201d\u201cDeaf people are very attentive\uff08\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\uff09in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts\uff08\u4e00\u9635\u9635\uff09of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us\u2014of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking\uff08\u5f00\u88c2\u58f0\uff09. It\u2019s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. \u201d\nQuestion: 74\uff0eWhich of the following is true according to Prochnik?\n A. We need more sounds in our lives.\n B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf.\n C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is.\n D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "George Prochnik would like would to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, *listening for Meaning in a World of Noise*, Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):\u201cWe\u2019ve become so accustomed to noise, there\u2019s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it\u2019s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.\u201d\u201cWe need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you  merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art\u2014the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono \uff08\u548c\u670d\uff09brushing against the floor.\u201d\u201cDeaf people are very attentive\uff08\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\uff09in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts\uff08\u4e00\u9635\u9635\uff09of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us\u2014of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking\uff08\u5f00\u88c2\u58f0\uff09. It\u2019s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. \u201d\nQuestion: 74\uff0eWhich of the following is true according to Prochnik?\n A. We need more sounds in our lives.\n B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf.\n C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is.\n D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:226"}
{"index": 90, "query": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 60\uff0eAccording to the passage\uff0csome people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that\n A. there are too many wolves                \n B. they kill large numbers deer\n C. they attack cows and chickens for food    \n D. they destroy the wilderness plant life\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 60\uff0eAccording to the passage\uff0csome people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that\n A. there are too many wolves                \n B. they kill large numbers deer\n C. they attack cows and chickens for food    \n D. they destroy the wilderness plant life\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 60\uff0eAccording to the passage\uff0csome people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that\n A. there are too many wolves                \n B. they kill large numbers deer\n C. they attack cows and chickens for food    \n D. they destroy the wilderness plant life\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 60\uff0eAccording to the passage\uff0csome people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that\n A. there are too many wolves                \n B. they kill large numbers deer\n C. they attack cows and chickens for food    \n D. they destroy the wilderness plant life\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:90"}
{"index": 165, "query": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?\n A. We are using memory differently.\n B. We are becoming more intelligent.\n C. We have poorer memories than before.\n D. We need a better way to access information.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?\n A. We are using memory differently.\n B. We are becoming more intelligent.\n C. We have poorer memories than before.\n D. We need a better way to access information.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?\n A. We are using memory differently.\n B. We are becoming more intelligent.\n C. We have poorer memories than before.\n D. We need a better way to access information.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?\n A. We are using memory differently.\n B. We are becoming more intelligent.\n C. We have poorer memories than before.\n D. We need a better way to access information.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:165"}
{"index": 228, "query": "You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?__Jane Addams(1860-1935)__Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(\u793e\u533a)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.__Rachel Carson(1907-1964)__If it weren\u2019t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book *Silent Spring* raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world\u2019s lakes and oceans.__Sandra Day O\u2019Connor(1930-present)__When Sandra Day O\u2019Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(\u53c2\u8bae\u5458) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O\u2019Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.__Rosa Parks(1913-2005)__On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. \u201cThe only tired I was, was tired of giving in,\u201d said Parks.\nQuestion: What is Jane Addams noted for in history?\n A. Her social work.\n B. Her teaching skills.\n C. Her efforts to win a prize.\n D. Her community background.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?__Jane Addams(1860-1935)__Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(\u793e\u533a)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.__Rachel Carson(1907-1964)__If it weren\u2019t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book *Silent Spring* raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world\u2019s lakes and oceans.__Sandra Day O\u2019Connor(1930-present)__When Sandra Day O\u2019Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(\u53c2\u8bae\u5458) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O\u2019Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.__Rosa Parks(1913-2005)__On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. \u201cThe only tired I was, was tired of giving in,\u201d said Parks.\nQuestion: What is Jane Addams noted for in history?\n A. Her social work.\n B. Her teaching skills.\n C. Her efforts to win a prize.\n D. Her community background.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?__Jane Addams(1860-1935)__Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(\u793e\u533a)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.__Rachel Carson(1907-1964)__If it weren\u2019t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book *Silent Spring* raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world\u2019s lakes and oceans.__Sandra Day O\u2019Connor(1930-present)__When Sandra Day O\u2019Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(\u53c2\u8bae\u5458) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O\u2019Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.__Rosa Parks(1913-2005)__On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. \u201cThe only tired I was, was tired of giving in,\u201d said Parks.\nQuestion: What is Jane Addams noted for in history?\n A. Her social work.\n B. Her teaching skills.\n C. Her efforts to win a prize.\n D. Her community background.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?__Jane Addams(1860-1935)__Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(\u793e\u533a)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.__Rachel Carson(1907-1964)__If it weren\u2019t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book *Silent Spring* raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world\u2019s lakes and oceans.__Sandra Day O\u2019Connor(1930-present)__When Sandra Day O\u2019Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(\u53c2\u8bae\u5458) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O\u2019Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.__Rosa Parks(1913-2005)__On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. \u201cThe only tired I was, was tired of giving in,\u201d said Parks.\nQuestion: What is Jane Addams noted for in history?\n A. Her social work.\n B. Her teaching skills.\n C. Her efforts to win a prize.\n D. Her community background.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:228"}
{"index": 233, "query": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision?\n A. 17% expressed their support for it.\n B. Few people responded sympathetically.\n C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.\n D. The majority thought it was a trend.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision?\n A. 17% expressed their support for it.\n B. Few people responded sympathetically.\n C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.\n D. The majority thought it was a trend.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision?\n A. 17% expressed their support for it.\n B. Few people responded sympathetically.\n C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.\n D. The majority thought it was a trend.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Grandparents Answer a Call__As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama\u2019s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama\u2019s family.\u201cIn the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn\u2019t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,\u201d says Christine Crosby, publisher of *Grand*,a magazine for grandparents. \u201cWe now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you\u2019re raising children.\u201dMoving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.\nQuestion: What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson\u2019s decision?\n A. 17% expressed their support for it.\n B. Few people responded sympathetically.\n C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.\n D. The majority thought it was a trend.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:233"}
{"index": 102, "query": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The author intends to tell us that time _____________.\n A. could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch\n B. could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies\n C. should be well managed for our own interest\n D. should be saved for outside interests\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The author intends to tell us that time _____________.\n A. could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch\n B. could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies\n C. should be well managed for our own interest\n D. should be saved for outside interests\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The author intends to tell us that time _____________.\n A. could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch\n B. could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies\n C. should be well managed for our own interest\n D. should be saved for outside interests\nAnswer:", "full_text": "What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don\u2019t know for sure, it\u2019s a very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist, there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you\u2019re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard (\u4eea\u8868\u677f).Even if you don\u2019t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates (\u8c03\u8282) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge (\u6392\u51fa) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions. Time is something from which we can\u2019t escape. Even if we ignore it, it\u2019s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, \u201cWho\u2019s in charge?\u201d We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.By taking control of how you spend your time, you\u2019ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you\u2019ll have to spend on your outside interests.The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.\nQuestion: The author intends to tell us that time _____________.\n A. could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch\n B. could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies\n C. should be well managed for our own interest\n D. should be saved for outside interests\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:102"}
{"index": 176, "query": "Welcome to one of the largest collections of  footwear\uff08\u978b\u7c7b\uff09in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits\uff08\u5c55\u54c1\uff09from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.Room 1  The celebrity\uff08\u540d\u4eba\uff09footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Stared in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities\u2019 choice of footwear extremely interesting.Room 2  Most of our visitors are amazed and shocked by the collection of \u201cspecial purpose\u201dshoes onExhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example , there are Chinese shoes made of    silk that was worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much!Room 3   As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that like legs!The footwear Library   People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up Information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.\n B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.\n C. Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.\n D. Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Welcome to one of the largest collections of  footwear\uff08\u978b\u7c7b\uff09in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits\uff08\u5c55\u54c1\uff09from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.Room 1  The celebrity\uff08\u540d\u4eba\uff09footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Stared in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities\u2019 choice of footwear extremely interesting.Room 2  Most of our visitors are amazed and shocked by the collection of \u201cspecial purpose\u201dshoes onExhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example , there are Chinese shoes made of    silk that was worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much!Room 3   As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that like legs!The footwear Library   People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up Information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.\n B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.\n C. Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.\n D. Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Welcome to one of the largest collections of  footwear\uff08\u978b\u7c7b\uff09in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits\uff08\u5c55\u54c1\uff09from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.Room 1  The celebrity\uff08\u540d\u4eba\uff09footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Stared in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities\u2019 choice of footwear extremely interesting.Room 2  Most of our visitors are amazed and shocked by the collection of \u201cspecial purpose\u201dshoes onExhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example , there are Chinese shoes made of    silk that was worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much!Room 3   As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that like legs!The footwear Library   People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up Information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.\n B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.\n C. Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.\n D. Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Welcome to one of the largest collections of  footwear\uff08\u978b\u7c7b\uff09in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits\uff08\u5c55\u54c1\uff09from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.Room 1  The celebrity\uff08\u540d\u4eba\uff09footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Stared in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities\u2019 choice of footwear extremely interesting.Room 2  Most of our visitors are amazed and shocked by the collection of \u201cspecial purpose\u201dshoes onExhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example , there are Chinese shoes made of    silk that was worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much!Room 3   As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that like legs!The footwear Library   People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up Information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.\n B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.\n C. Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.\n D. Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:176"}
{"index": 18, "query": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?\n A. City maps.\n B. Cameras.\n C. Meals.\n D. Safety lights.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?\n A. City maps.\n B. Cameras.\n C. Meals.\n D. Safety lights.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?\n A. City maps.\n B. Cameras.\n C. Meals.\n D. Safety lights.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours____Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.__Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability \u2013 and the cherry blossoms \u2013 disappear!__Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.__Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. __Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (\u8def\u7ebf) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.__Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour__Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.\nQuestion: Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?\n A. City maps.\n B. Cameras.\n C. Meals.\n D. Safety lights.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:18"}
{"index": 193, "query": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What is the text mainly about?\n A. Food and clothing in 2035.\n B. Future technology in everyday life.\n C. Medical treatments of the future.\n D. The reason for the success of new technology.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What is the text mainly about?\n A. Food and clothing in 2035.\n B. Future technology in everyday life.\n C. Medical treatments of the future.\n D. The reason for the success of new technology.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What is the text mainly about?\n A. Food and clothing in 2035.\n B. Future technology in everyday life.\n C. Medical treatments of the future.\n D. The reason for the success of new technology.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What is the text mainly about?\n A. Food and clothing in 2035.\n B. Future technology in everyday life.\n C. Medical treatments of the future.\n D. The reason for the success of new technology.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:193"}
{"index": 191, "query": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?\n A. Milk will be harmful to health.\n B. More drinks will be available for sale.\n C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.\n D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?\n A. Milk will be harmful to health.\n B. More drinks will be available for sale.\n C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.\n D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?\n A. Milk will be harmful to health.\n B. More drinks will be available for sale.\n C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.\n D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you\u2019re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(\u6297\u8870\u8001\u7684)  treatment. Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt,\u201dTurn red.\u201d It changes from blue to red. In 2035, \u201csmart clothes\u201d contain particles(\u7c92\u5b50) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes\u2019 color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says,\u201d You shouldn\u2019t drink that!\u201d Your fridge has read the chip (\u82af\u7247) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It\u2019s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your \u201csmart car\u201d where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such \u201csmart technology\u201d is all around you.So will all these things come true? \u201cFor new technology to succeed,\u201d says scientist Andrew Zolli ,\u201dit has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.\u201d The Internet is one example what will be the next?\nQuestion: What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?\n A. Milk will be harmful to health.\n B. More drinks will be available for sale.\n C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.\n D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:191"}
{"index": 144, "query": "__Pacific Science Center Guide__\u25c6Visit __Pacific Science Center\u2019sStore__Don\u2019t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center\u2019s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(\u4f4d\u4e8e) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.\u25c6__Hungry __ Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our caf\u00e9 offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf\u00e9 is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.\u25c6__Rental Information__Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.\u25c6S__upport Pacific Science Center__    Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(\u70ed\u60c5) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington  State. It\u2019s an amazing accomplishment and one we connot achive without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.\nQuestion: What does PacificScience Center do for schools?\n A. Train Science teachers.\n B. Disncie scicnce books.\n C. Distribute scientific research.\n D. Take science to the classroom.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Pacific Science Center Guide__\u25c6Visit __Pacific Science Center\u2019sStore__Don\u2019t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center\u2019s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(\u4f4d\u4e8e) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.\u25c6__Hungry __ Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our caf\u00e9 offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf\u00e9 is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.\u25c6__Rental Information__Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.\u25c6S__upport Pacific Science Center__    Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(\u70ed\u60c5) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington  State. It\u2019s an amazing accomplishment and one we connot achive without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.\nQuestion: What does PacificScience Center do for schools?\n A. Train Science teachers.\n B. Disncie scicnce books.\n C. Distribute scientific research.\n D. Take science to the classroom.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Pacific Science Center Guide__\u25c6Visit __Pacific Science Center\u2019sStore__Don\u2019t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center\u2019s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(\u4f4d\u4e8e) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.\u25c6__Hungry __ Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our caf\u00e9 offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf\u00e9 is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.\u25c6__Rental Information__Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.\u25c6S__upport Pacific Science Center__    Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(\u70ed\u60c5) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington  State. It\u2019s an amazing accomplishment and one we connot achive without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.\nQuestion: What does PacificScience Center do for schools?\n A. Train Science teachers.\n B. Disncie scicnce books.\n C. Distribute scientific research.\n D. Take science to the classroom.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Pacific Science Center Guide__\u25c6Visit __Pacific Science Center\u2019sStore__Don\u2019t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center\u2019s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(\u4f4d\u4e8e) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.\u25c6__Hungry __ Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our caf\u00e9 offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf\u00e9 is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.\u25c6__Rental Information__Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.\u25c6S__upport Pacific Science Center__    Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(\u70ed\u60c5) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington  State. It\u2019s an amazing accomplishment and one we connot achive without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.\nQuestion: What does PacificScience Center do for schools?\n A. Train Science teachers.\n B. Disncie scicnce books.\n C. Distribute scientific research.\n D. Take science to the classroom.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:144"}
{"index": 110, "query": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: Visiting photographers should make sure that __________.\n A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the Gallery\n B. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for personal use\n C. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the Gallery\n D. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitions\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: Visiting photographers should make sure that __________.\n A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the Gallery\n B. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for personal use\n C. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the Gallery\n D. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitions\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: Visiting photographers should make sure that __________.\n A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the Gallery\n B. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for personal use\n C. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the Gallery\n D. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitions\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Gallery Policies__for Visitors to National Gallery of Art, Washington__Visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. After inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and other things as determined by security officers must left at the checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. All oversized bags, backpacks and luggage must be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street entrance of either the East or West Building. These items will have to be x-rayed before being accepted items of value, such as laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, may not be left in the checkrooms but may be carried into the galleries.We regret that we do not have enough space for visitor items larger than 17\u00d726 inches into the Gallery or its checkrooms.Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery.For the safety of the artworks and other visitors, nothing may be carried on a visitor\u2019s back. Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom.Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not permitted outside the food service areas. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a visitor\u2019s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the galleries.Animals, other than service animals, are not permitted in the Gallery.Skateboarding is prohibited.Picture-taking (including video for personal use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods (\u4e09\u89d2\u67b6) are not allowed.Please do not touch the works of art.\nQuestion: Visiting photographers should make sure that __________.\n A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the Gallery\n B. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for personal use\n C. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the Gallery\n D. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitions\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:110"}
{"index": 167, "query": "There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.In colonies (\u7fa4\u4f53) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (\u5916\u6fc0\u7d20), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (\u96c6\u4f53\u7684) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.\nQuestion: Ants can use pheromones for______.\n A. escape\n B. communication\n C. warning enemies  \n D. arranging labor\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.In colonies (\u7fa4\u4f53) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (\u5916\u6fc0\u7d20), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (\u96c6\u4f53\u7684) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.\nQuestion: Ants can use pheromones for______.\n A. escape\n B. communication\n C. warning enemies  \n D. arranging labor\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.In colonies (\u7fa4\u4f53) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (\u5916\u6fc0\u7d20), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (\u96c6\u4f53\u7684) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.\nQuestion: Ants can use pheromones for______.\n A. escape\n B. communication\n C. warning enemies  \n D. arranging labor\nAnswer:", "full_text": "There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.In colonies (\u7fa4\u4f53) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (\u5916\u6fc0\u7d20), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (\u96c6\u4f53\u7684) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.\nQuestion: Ants can use pheromones for______.\n A. escape\n B. communication\n C. warning enemies  \n D. arranging labor\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:167"}
{"index": 256, "query": "When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm, in the winter especially, we wear quite out off from the outside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital. However, I soon discovered that my life has its too.     One big disadvantage is money. It costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvantage is pollution. I suffer from asthma(\u54ee\u5598), and the air is so that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of traveling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it became of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous.     Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever you tastes in culture or entertainment(\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8). Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising --- and , what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.     Is life better then, in the city? Perhaps it is , when you are in your teens(\u5341\u51e0\u5c81)or twenties. However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem preferable. I certainly hope to move back there soon.\nQuestion: What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?\n A. Staying on the farm.                  \n B. Moving to the countryside.\n C. Leaving home for the city.           \n D. Running away from the school.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm, in the winter especially, we wear quite out off from the outside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital. However, I soon discovered that my life has its too.     One big disadvantage is money. It costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvantage is pollution. I suffer from asthma(\u54ee\u5598), and the air is so that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of traveling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it became of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous.     Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever you tastes in culture or entertainment(\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8). Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising --- and , what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.     Is life better then, in the city? Perhaps it is , when you are in your teens(\u5341\u51e0\u5c81)or twenties. However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem preferable. I certainly hope to move back there soon.\nQuestion: What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?\n A. Staying on the farm.                  \n B. Moving to the countryside.\n C. Leaving home for the city.           \n D. Running away from the school.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm, in the winter especially, we wear quite out off from the outside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital. However, I soon discovered that my life has its too.     One big disadvantage is money. It costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvantage is pollution. I suffer from asthma(\u54ee\u5598), and the air is so that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of traveling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it became of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous.     Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever you tastes in culture or entertainment(\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8). Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising --- and , what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.     Is life better then, in the city? Perhaps it is , when you are in your teens(\u5341\u51e0\u5c81)or twenties. However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem preferable. I certainly hope to move back there soon.\nQuestion: What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?\n A. Staying on the farm.                  \n B. Moving to the countryside.\n C. Leaving home for the city.           \n D. Running away from the school.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "When I was a child, I often dreamed of the time when I could leave home and escape to the city. We lived on a farm, in the winter especially, we wear quite out off from the outside world. As soon as I left school, I packed my bags and moved to the capital. However, I soon discovered that my life has its too.     One big disadvantage is money. It costs so much to go out, not to mention basics like food and housing. Another disadvantage is pollution. I suffer from asthma(\u54ee\u5598), and the air is so that I am afraid to go outside. Then there is the problem of traveling round. Although I have a car, I seldom use it became of the traffic jams. One choice is to go by bicycle, but that can be quite dangerous.     Of course there are advantages. First, there is so much to do in the city, whatever you tastes in culture or entertainment(\u5a31\u4e50\u6d3b\u52a8). Besides, there are wonderful jobs and greater chances of moving to a more important job or position. Finally, if you like shopping, the variety of goods is very surprising --- and , what is more, shops are often only a short walk away.     Is life better then, in the city? Perhaps it is , when you are in your teens(\u5341\u51e0\u5c81)or twenties. However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem preferable. I certainly hope to move back there soon.\nQuestion: What was the writer always thinking about when he was a child?\n A. Staying on the farm.                  \n B. Moving to the countryside.\n C. Leaving home for the city.           \n D. Running away from the school.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:256"}
{"index": 150, "query": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:150"}
{"index": 7, "query": "Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (\u8702\u7a9d)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today,  Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next\uff0cLucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (\u7011\u5e03) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (\u6700\u521d\u7684) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the passage?\n A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.\n B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.\n C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them. \n D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (\u8702\u7a9d)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today,  Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next\uff0cLucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (\u7011\u5e03) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (\u6700\u521d\u7684) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the passage?\n A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.\n B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.\n C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them. \n D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (\u8702\u7a9d)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today,  Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next\uff0cLucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (\u7011\u5e03) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (\u6700\u521d\u7684) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the passage?\n A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.\n B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.\n C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them. \n D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (\u8702\u7a9d)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today,  Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next\uff0cLucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (\u7011\u5e03) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (\u6700\u521d\u7684) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the passage?\n A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.\n B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.\n C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them. \n D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:7"}
{"index": 194, "query": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: Which of the tours is available in March?\n A. San Francisco Winery Tour.\n B. Back to the Fifties Tour.\n C. Spooky Halloween Tour.\n D. Holiday Lights Tour.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: Which of the tours is available in March?\n A. San Francisco Winery Tour.\n B. Back to the Fifties Tour.\n C. Spooky Halloween Tour.\n D. Holiday Lights Tour.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: Which of the tours is available in March?\n A. San Francisco Winery Tour.\n B. Back to the Fifties Tour.\n C. Spooky Halloween Tour.\n D. Holiday Lights Tour.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__San Francisco Fire Engine Tours____San Francisco Winery Tour__Running: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tour times upon request.Duration(\u65f6\u957f): 2 hoursPrice: $90__Back to the Fifties Tour__Running: August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco\u2019s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery: 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hoursPrice: $90__Spooky Halloween Tour__Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(\u670d\u88c5) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco. Departing from the Cannery: 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request__Holiday Lights Tour__Running: December 6th through December 23ndThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francis\u2019s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery: 7:00 pm and 9:00 pmDuration: 1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.\nQuestion: Which of the tours is available in March?\n A. San Francisco Winery Tour.\n B. Back to the Fifties Tour.\n C. Spooky Halloween Tour.\n D. Holiday Lights Tour.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:194"}
{"index": 84, "query": "The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown\uff0cOhio\uff0cfor example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another\uff0cemployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse\uff0ceven unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they\u2019re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. \uff02We\u2019re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,\uff02explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(\u53d1\u5149)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano\u2019s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light\uff0cabout one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by\uff0cis just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future\uff0cthe team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant\u2019s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off\uff02switch\uff02where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(\u7535\u6e90)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(\u4f20\u8f93).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.\nQuestion: What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?\n A. They will speed up energy production.\n B. They may transmit electricity to the home.\n C. They might help reduce energy consumption.\n D. They could take the place of power plants.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown\uff0cOhio\uff0cfor example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another\uff0cemployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse\uff0ceven unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they\u2019re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. \uff02We\u2019re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,\uff02explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(\u53d1\u5149)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano\u2019s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light\uff0cabout one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by\uff0cis just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future\uff0cthe team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant\u2019s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off\uff02switch\uff02where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(\u7535\u6e90)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(\u4f20\u8f93).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.\nQuestion: What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?\n A. They will speed up energy production.\n B. They may transmit electricity to the home.\n C. They might help reduce energy consumption.\n D. They could take the place of power plants.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown\uff0cOhio\uff0cfor example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another\uff0cemployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse\uff0ceven unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they\u2019re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. \uff02We\u2019re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,\uff02explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(\u53d1\u5149)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano\u2019s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light\uff0cabout one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by\uff0cis just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future\uff0cthe team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant\u2019s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off\uff02switch\uff02where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(\u7535\u6e90)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(\u4f20\u8f93).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.\nQuestion: What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?\n A. They will speed up energy production.\n B. They may transmit electricity to the home.\n C. They might help reduce energy consumption.\n D. They could take the place of power plants.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown\uff0cOhio\uff0cfor example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another\uff0cemployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse\uff0ceven unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they\u2019re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. \uff02We\u2019re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,\uff02explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(\u53d1\u5149)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano\u2019s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light\uff0cabout one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by\uff0cis just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future\uff0cthe team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant\u2019s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off\uff02switch\uff02where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(\u7535\u6e90)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(\u4f20\u8f93).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.\nQuestion: What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?\n A. They will speed up energy production.\n B. They may transmit electricity to the home.\n C. They might help reduce energy consumption.\n D. They could take the place of power plants.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:84"}
{"index": 218, "query": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 65\uff0eWhy did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?\n A. Corbett was poorly trained.\n B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing.\n C. Corbett didn\u2019t want to hurt Wellman.\n D. Wellman hadn\u2019t decided whether to climb again.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 65\uff0eWhy did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?\n A. Corbett was poorly trained.\n B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing.\n C. Corbett didn\u2019t want to hurt Wellman.\n D. Wellman hadn\u2019t decided whether to climb again.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 65\uff0eWhy did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?\n A. Corbett was poorly trained.\n B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing.\n C. Corbett didn\u2019t want to hurt Wellman.\n D. Wellman hadn\u2019t decided whether to climb again.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 65\uff0eWhy did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?\n A. Corbett was poorly trained.\n B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing.\n C. Corbett didn\u2019t want to hurt Wellman.\n D. Wellman hadn\u2019t decided whether to climb again.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:218"}
{"index": 156, "query": "__*Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.*____Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015)__Nearpod\u2756 9:00 am to 10:00 am \u2756 Room 501Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (\u8bed\u5883) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.TEO\u2756 2:00 pin to 3:00 pm \u2756 Room 502Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.Kahoot\u2756 10:30 am to 11:30 am \u2756 Room 601Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (\u53cd\u9988),  including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.Prezi\u2756 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm \u2756 Room 602Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies.\nQuestion: Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?\n A. Nearpod. \n B. Kahoot.\n C. TEO. \n D. Prezi.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "__*Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.*____Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015)__Nearpod\u2756 9:00 am to 10:00 am \u2756 Room 501Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (\u8bed\u5883) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.TEO\u2756 2:00 pin to 3:00 pm \u2756 Room 502Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.Kahoot\u2756 10:30 am to 11:30 am \u2756 Room 601Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (\u53cd\u9988),  including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.Prezi\u2756 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm \u2756 Room 602Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies.\nQuestion: Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?\n A. Nearpod. \n B. Kahoot.\n C. TEO. \n D. Prezi.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__*Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.*____Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015)__Nearpod\u2756 9:00 am to 10:00 am \u2756 Room 501Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (\u8bed\u5883) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.TEO\u2756 2:00 pin to 3:00 pm \u2756 Room 502Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.Kahoot\u2756 10:30 am to 11:30 am \u2756 Room 601Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (\u53cd\u9988),  including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.Prezi\u2756 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm \u2756 Room 602Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies.\nQuestion: Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?\n A. Nearpod. \n B. Kahoot.\n C. TEO. \n D. Prezi.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__*Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.*____Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015)__Nearpod\u2756 9:00 am to 10:00 am \u2756 Room 501Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (\u8bed\u5883) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.TEO\u2756 2:00 pin to 3:00 pm \u2756 Room 502Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.Kahoot\u2756 10:30 am to 11:30 am \u2756 Room 601Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (\u53cd\u9988),  including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.Prezi\u2756 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm \u2756 Room 602Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies.\nQuestion: Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?\n A. Nearpod. \n B. Kahoot.\n C. TEO. \n D. Prezi.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:156"}
{"index": 214, "query": "Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff09, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills\uff08\u98ce\u8f66\uff09began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind\uff08\u78e8\u788e\uff09wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?\n A. Sailing a boat.\n B. Producing electricity.\n C. Grinding wheat into flour.\n D. Pumping water from underground.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff09, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills\uff08\u98ce\u8f66\uff09began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind\uff08\u78e8\u788e\uff09wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?\n A. Sailing a boat.\n B. Producing electricity.\n C. Grinding wheat into flour.\n D. Pumping water from underground.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff09, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills\uff08\u98ce\u8f66\uff09began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind\uff08\u78e8\u788e\uff09wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?\n A. Sailing a boat.\n B. Producing electricity.\n C. Grinding wheat into flour.\n D. Pumping water from underground.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff09, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills\uff08\u98ce\u8f66\uff09began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind\uff08\u78e8\u788e\uff09wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.\nQuestion: 61\uff0eWhat was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?\n A. Sailing a boat.\n B. Producing electricity.\n C. Grinding wheat into flour.\n D. Pumping water from underground.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:214"}
{"index": 268, "query": "     Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that ________.\n A. TV programs are a chief provider of knowledge\n B. cinemas are the best choice in getting information\n C. reading is a cheap way of learning and having fun\n D. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "     Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that ________.\n A. TV programs are a chief provider of knowledge\n B. cinemas are the best choice in getting information\n C. reading is a cheap way of learning and having fun\n D. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "     Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that ________.\n A. TV programs are a chief provider of knowledge\n B. cinemas are the best choice in getting information\n C. reading is a cheap way of learning and having fun\n D. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?    Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbacks (\u5e73\u88c5\u672c), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.    Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books., science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.\nQuestion: It can be inferred from the passage that ________.\n A. TV programs are a chief provider of knowledge\n B. cinemas are the best choice in getting information\n C. reading is a cheap way of learning and having fun\n D. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:268"}
{"index": 302, "query": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 28\uff0eWhy did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?\n A. To remember the birth of jazz.\n B. To protect cultural diversity.\n C. To encourage people to study music.\n D. To recognize the value of jazz.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:302"}
{"index": 58, "query": "e\ufe63learning\uff1aAn Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board\uff08TDSB\uff09 are invited to take one or two e\ufe63Learning courses on their day school timetable\uff0eStudents will remain on the roll at their day school\uff0eThe on\ufe63line classroom provides an innovative\uff0crelevant and interactive Learning environment\uff0eThe courses and on\ufe63line classroom are provided by the Ministry of EducationThese on\ufe63line coursesare taught by TDSB secondary school teachersare part of the TDSB Student's timetable\uff1bandappear on the Student's report upon completionBenefits of e\ufe63LearningInclude\uff1aAccess to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB schoolUsing technology to peobide students with current information\uff1bandassistance to solve timetable conflictsIs e\ufe63Learning for You\uff1fStudents who are successful in on\ufe63line course are usually\uff1bable to plan\uff0corganize time and complete assignments and activitiescapable of woeking independently in a responsible and honest manner\uff1band\uff0cable to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet accessStudents need to spend at least as much time with their on\ufe63line course work as they would in a face\ufe63to\ufe63face classroom course\nQuestion: 57\uff0eWhat do students need to do before completing e\ufe63learning courses\uff1f\n A. To learn information technology on\ufe63line\uff0e\n B. To do their assignments independently\uff0e\n C. To update their mobile devices regularly\uff0e\n D. To talk face to face with their teachers\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "e\ufe63learning\uff1aAn Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board\uff08TDSB\uff09 are invited to take one or two e\ufe63Learning courses on their day school timetable\uff0eStudents will remain on the roll at their day school\uff0eThe on\ufe63line classroom provides an innovative\uff0crelevant and interactive Learning environment\uff0eThe courses and on\ufe63line classroom are provided by the Ministry of EducationThese on\ufe63line coursesare taught by TDSB secondary school teachersare part of the TDSB Student's timetable\uff1bandappear on the Student's report upon completionBenefits of e\ufe63LearningInclude\uff1aAccess to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB schoolUsing technology to peobide students with current information\uff1bandassistance to solve timetable conflictsIs e\ufe63Learning for You\uff1fStudents who are successful in on\ufe63line course are usually\uff1bable to plan\uff0corganize time and complete assignments and activitiescapable of woeking independently in a responsible and honest manner\uff1band\uff0cable to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet accessStudents need to spend at least as much time with their on\ufe63line course work as they would in a face\ufe63to\ufe63face classroom course\nQuestion: 57\uff0eWhat do students need to do before completing e\ufe63learning courses\uff1f\n A. To learn information technology on\ufe63line\uff0e\n B. To do their assignments independently\uff0e\n C. To update their mobile devices regularly\uff0e\n D. To talk face to face with their teachers\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "e\ufe63learning\uff1aAn Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board\uff08TDSB\uff09 are invited to take one or two e\ufe63Learning courses on their day school timetable\uff0eStudents will remain on the roll at their day school\uff0eThe on\ufe63line classroom provides an innovative\uff0crelevant and interactive Learning environment\uff0eThe courses and on\ufe63line classroom are provided by the Ministry of EducationThese on\ufe63line coursesare taught by TDSB secondary school teachersare part of the TDSB Student's timetable\uff1bandappear on the Student's report upon completionBenefits of e\ufe63LearningInclude\uff1aAccess to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB schoolUsing technology to peobide students with current information\uff1bandassistance to solve timetable conflictsIs e\ufe63Learning for You\uff1fStudents who are successful in on\ufe63line course are usually\uff1bable to plan\uff0corganize time and complete assignments and activitiescapable of woeking independently in a responsible and honest manner\uff1band\uff0cable to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet accessStudents need to spend at least as much time with their on\ufe63line course work as they would in a face\ufe63to\ufe63face classroom course\nQuestion: 57\uff0eWhat do students need to do before completing e\ufe63learning courses\uff1f\n A. To learn information technology on\ufe63line\uff0e\n B. To do their assignments independently\uff0e\n C. To update their mobile devices regularly\uff0e\n D. To talk face to face with their teachers\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "e\ufe63learning\uff1aAn Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board\uff08TDSB\uff09 are invited to take one or two e\ufe63Learning courses on their day school timetable\uff0eStudents will remain on the roll at their day school\uff0eThe on\ufe63line classroom provides an innovative\uff0crelevant and interactive Learning environment\uff0eThe courses and on\ufe63line classroom are provided by the Ministry of EducationThese on\ufe63line coursesare taught by TDSB secondary school teachersare part of the TDSB Student's timetable\uff1bandappear on the Student's report upon completionBenefits of e\ufe63LearningInclude\uff1aAccess to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB schoolUsing technology to peobide students with current information\uff1bandassistance to solve timetable conflictsIs e\ufe63Learning for You\uff1fStudents who are successful in on\ufe63line course are usually\uff1bable to plan\uff0corganize time and complete assignments and activitiescapable of woeking independently in a responsible and honest manner\uff1band\uff0cable to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet accessStudents need to spend at least as much time with their on\ufe63line course work as they would in a face\ufe63to\ufe63face classroom course\nQuestion: 57\uff0eWhat do students need to do before completing e\ufe63learning courses\uff1f\n A. To learn information technology on\ufe63line\uff0e\n B. To do their assignments independently\uff0e\n C. To update their mobile devices regularly\uff0e\n D. To talk face to face with their teachers\uff0e\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:58"}
{"index": 139, "query": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.\n A. advanced technique       \n B. sharpening tool        \n C. effective rule        \n D. dividing line\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.\n A. advanced technique       \n B. sharpening tool        \n C. effective rule        \n D. dividing line\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.\n A. advanced technique       \n B. sharpening tool        \n C. effective rule        \n D. dividing line\nAnswer:", "full_text": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.\n A. advanced technique       \n B. sharpening tool        \n C. effective rule        \n D. dividing line\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:139"}
{"index": 135, "query": "One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept waling up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. \u201cThis boy has lost his family,\u201d he wrote. \u201cHe is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I\u2019m very worried about him. Can I help?\u201dI looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn\u2019t have the answer to, and which no wards can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.The first two times we met, David didn\u2019t say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children\u2019s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon---in complete silence and without looking at me. It\u2019s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?\u201cPerhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,\u201d I thought. \u201cPerhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.\u201d Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.\u201cIt\u2019s your turn,\u201d he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one---without any words---can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.\nQuestion: David enjoyed being with the author because he____________.\n A. wanted to ask the author for advice     \n B. needed to share sorrow with the author   \n C. liked the children\u2019s drawing in the office    \n D. beat the author many times in the chess game\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept waling up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. \u201cThis boy has lost his family,\u201d he wrote. \u201cHe is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I\u2019m very worried about him. Can I help?\u201dI looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn\u2019t have the answer to, and which no wards can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.The first two times we met, David didn\u2019t say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children\u2019s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon---in complete silence and without looking at me. It\u2019s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?\u201cPerhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,\u201d I thought. \u201cPerhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.\u201d Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.\u201cIt\u2019s your turn,\u201d he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one---without any words---can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.\nQuestion: David enjoyed being with the author because he____________.\n A. wanted to ask the author for advice     \n B. needed to share sorrow with the author   \n C. liked the children\u2019s drawing in the office    \n D. beat the author many times in the chess game\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept waling up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. \u201cThis boy has lost his family,\u201d he wrote. \u201cHe is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I\u2019m very worried about him. Can I help?\u201dI looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn\u2019t have the answer to, and which no wards can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.The first two times we met, David didn\u2019t say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children\u2019s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon---in complete silence and without looking at me. It\u2019s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?\u201cPerhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,\u201d I thought. \u201cPerhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.\u201d Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.\u201cIt\u2019s your turn,\u201d he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one---without any words---can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.\nQuestion: David enjoyed being with the author because he____________.\n A. wanted to ask the author for advice     \n B. needed to share sorrow with the author   \n C. liked the children\u2019s drawing in the office    \n D. beat the author many times in the chess game\nAnswer:", "full_text": "One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept waling up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. \u201cThis boy has lost his family,\u201d he wrote. \u201cHe is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I\u2019m very worried about him. Can I help?\u201dI looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn\u2019t have the answer to, and which no wards can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.The first two times we met, David didn\u2019t say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children\u2019s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon---in complete silence and without looking at me. It\u2019s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?\u201cPerhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,\u201d I thought. \u201cPerhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.\u201d Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.\u201cIt\u2019s your turn,\u201d he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one---without any words---can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.\nQuestion: David enjoyed being with the author because he____________.\n A. wanted to ask the author for advice     \n B. needed to share sorrow with the author   \n C. liked the children\u2019s drawing in the office    \n D. beat the author many times in the chess game\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:135"}
{"index": 153, "query": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 31\uff0eWhich of the following can be the best title for the text?\n A. Exploring the Future of Jazz.\n B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz.\n C. The Story of a Jazz Musician.\n D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 31\uff0eWhich of the following can be the best title for the text?\n A. Exploring the Future of Jazz.\n B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz.\n C. The Story of a Jazz Musician.\n D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 31\uff0eWhich of the following can be the best title for the text?\n A. Exploring the Future of Jazz.\n B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz.\n C. The Story of a Jazz Musician.\n D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Some of the world\u2019s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(\u8054\u5408) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It\u2019s Jason Moran\u2019s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center\u2019s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.\u201cJazz seems like it\u2019s not really a part of the American appetite,\u201d Moran tells National Public Radio\u2019s reporter Neal Conan. \u201cWhat I\u2019m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It\u2019s actually color, and it\u2019s actually digital.\u201dMoran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. \u201cThe music can\u2019t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,\u201d says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller\u2019s music for a dance party, \u201cJust to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,\u201d says Moran. \u201cFor me, it\u2019s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(\u60c5\u611f) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(\u611f\u609f) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,\u201d says Moran, \u201cso I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.\u201d\nQuestion: 31\uff0eWhich of the following can be the best title for the text?\n A. Exploring the Future of Jazz.\n B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz.\n C. The Story of a Jazz Musician.\n D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:153"}
{"index": 79, "query": "Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport\u2019s rules require that a race walker\u2019s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (\u63a5\u89e6) with the ground at all times. It\u2019s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(\u5361\u8def\u91cc) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner\u2019s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport\u2019s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.\nQuestion: What advantage does race walking have over running?\n A. It\u2019s more popular at the Olympics.\n B. It\u2019s less challenging physically.\n C. It\u2019s more effective in body building.\n D. It\u2019s less likely to cause knee injuries.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport\u2019s rules require that a race walker\u2019s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (\u63a5\u89e6) with the ground at all times. It\u2019s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(\u5361\u8def\u91cc) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner\u2019s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport\u2019s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.\nQuestion: What advantage does race walking have over running?\n A. It\u2019s more popular at the Olympics.\n B. It\u2019s less challenging physically.\n C. It\u2019s more effective in body building.\n D. It\u2019s less likely to cause knee injuries.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport\u2019s rules require that a race walker\u2019s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (\u63a5\u89e6) with the ground at all times. It\u2019s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(\u5361\u8def\u91cc) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner\u2019s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport\u2019s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.\nQuestion: What advantage does race walking have over running?\n A. It\u2019s more popular at the Olympics.\n B. It\u2019s less challenging physically.\n C. It\u2019s more effective in body building.\n D. It\u2019s less likely to cause knee injuries.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport\u2019s rules require that a race walker\u2019s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (\u63a5\u89e6) with the ground at all times. It\u2019s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(\u5361\u8def\u91cc) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner\u2019s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport\u2019s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.\nQuestion: What advantage does race walking have over running?\n A. It\u2019s more popular at the Olympics.\n B. It\u2019s less challenging physically.\n C. It\u2019s more effective in body building.\n D. It\u2019s less likely to cause knee injuries.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:79"}
{"index": 41, "query": "     Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (\u67cf\u6cb9) roads?     Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.      The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.      When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (\u84c4\u6c34\u5c42) into which several heat exchangers (\u4ea4\u6362\u5668) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.      In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.\nQuestion: From the last paragraph we can learn that __\n A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter\n B. the system can do more than warming up the building\n C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface\n D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "     Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (\u67cf\u6cb9) roads?     Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.      The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.      When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (\u84c4\u6c34\u5c42) into which several heat exchangers (\u4ea4\u6362\u5668) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.      In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.\nQuestion: From the last paragraph we can learn that __\n A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter\n B. the system can do more than warming up the building\n C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface\n D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "     Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (\u67cf\u6cb9) roads?     Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.      The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.      When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (\u84c4\u6c34\u5c42) into which several heat exchangers (\u4ea4\u6362\u5668) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.      In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.\nQuestion: From the last paragraph we can learn that __\n A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter\n B. the system can do more than warming up the building\n C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface\n D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (\u67cf\u6cb9) roads?     Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.      The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.      When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (\u84c4\u6c34\u5c42) into which several heat exchangers (\u4ea4\u6362\u5668) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.      In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.\nQuestion: From the last paragraph we can learn that __\n A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter\n B. the system can do more than warming up the building\n C. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface\n D. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:41"}
{"index": 241, "query": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?\n A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.\n B. Break it while treating patients.\n C. Evaluate its harm to patients.\n D. Make use of its healing effects.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?\n A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.\n B. Break it while treating patients.\n C. Evaluate its harm to patients.\n D. Make use of its healing effects.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?\n A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.\n B. Break it while treating patients.\n C. Evaluate its harm to patients.\n D. Make use of its healing effects.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?\n A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.\n B. Break it while treating patients.\n C. Evaluate its harm to patients.\n D. Make use of its healing effects.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:241"}
{"index": 71, "query": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 70\uff0eWhat is the best title for the passage\uff1f\n A. The Making of a Great Athlete\n B. The Dream for Championship\n C. The Key to High Performance\n D. The Power of Full Responsibility\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 70\uff0eWhat is the best title for the passage\uff1f\n A. The Making of a Great Athlete\n B. The Dream for Championship\n C. The Key to High Performance\n D. The Power of Full Responsibility\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 70\uff0eWhat is the best title for the passage\uff1f\n A. The Making of a Great Athlete\n B. The Dream for Championship\n C. The Key to High Performance\n D. The Power of Full Responsibility\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 70\uff0eWhat is the best title for the passage\uff1f\n A. The Making of a Great Athlete\n B. The Dream for Championship\n C. The Key to High Performance\n D. The Power of Full Responsibility\uff0e\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:71"}
{"index": 242, "query": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What may be the best title for the text?\n A. Sound and Silence\n B. What It Means to Be Silent\n C. Silence to Native Americans\n D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What may be the best title for the text?\n A. Sound and Silence\n B. What It Means to Be Silent\n C. Silence to Native Americans\n D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What may be the best title for the text?\n A. Sound and Silence\n B. What It Means to Be Silent\n C. Silence to Native Americans\n D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(\u95f4\u9699)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person\u2019s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(\u6697\u793a) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient\u2019s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(\u6cbb\u6108) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.\nQuestion: What may be the best title for the text?\n A. Sound and Silence\n B. What It Means to Be Silent\n C. Silence to Native Americans\n D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:242"}
{"index": 75, "query": "Returning to a book you\u2019ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There\u2019s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don\u2019t change, people do. And that\u2019s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It\u2019s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it\u2019s all about the present. It\u2019s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway\u2019s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it\u2019s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (\u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189\u7684)\uff0can aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard\u2019s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (\u968f\u7b14) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar\u2019s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author\u2019s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it\u2019s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.\nQuestion: Why does the author like rereading?\n A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.\n B. It\u2019s a window to a whole new world.\n C. It\u2019s a substitute for drinking with a friend.\n D. It extends the understanding of oneself.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Returning to a book you\u2019ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There\u2019s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don\u2019t change, people do. And that\u2019s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It\u2019s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it\u2019s all about the present. It\u2019s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway\u2019s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it\u2019s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (\u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189\u7684)\uff0can aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard\u2019s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (\u968f\u7b14) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar\u2019s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author\u2019s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it\u2019s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.\nQuestion: Why does the author like rereading?\n A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.\n B. It\u2019s a window to a whole new world.\n C. It\u2019s a substitute for drinking with a friend.\n D. It extends the understanding of oneself.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Returning to a book you\u2019ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There\u2019s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don\u2019t change, people do. And that\u2019s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It\u2019s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it\u2019s all about the present. It\u2019s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway\u2019s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it\u2019s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (\u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189\u7684)\uff0can aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard\u2019s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (\u968f\u7b14) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar\u2019s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author\u2019s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it\u2019s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.\nQuestion: Why does the author like rereading?\n A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.\n B. It\u2019s a window to a whole new world.\n C. It\u2019s a substitute for drinking with a friend.\n D. It extends the understanding of oneself.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Returning to a book you\u2019ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There\u2019s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don\u2019t change, people do. And that\u2019s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It\u2019s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it\u2019s all about the present. It\u2019s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway\u2019s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it\u2019s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (\u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189\u7684)\uff0can aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard\u2019s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (\u968f\u7b14) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar\u2019s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author\u2019s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it\u2019s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.\nQuestion: Why does the author like rereading?\n A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.\n B. It\u2019s a window to a whole new world.\n C. It\u2019s a substitute for drinking with a friend.\n D. It extends the understanding of oneself.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:75"}
{"index": 92, "query": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 62\uff0eAccording to those against killing wolves\uff0cwhen wolves eat other animals\uff0c\u3000\u3000\uff0e\n A. they never eat strong and healthy ones\n B. they always go against the law of nature\n C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature\n D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 62\uff0eAccording to those against killing wolves\uff0cwhen wolves eat other animals\uff0c\u3000\u3000\uff0e\n A. they never eat strong and healthy ones\n B. they always go against the law of nature\n C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature\n D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 62\uff0eAccording to those against killing wolves\uff0cwhen wolves eat other animals\uff0c\u3000\u3000\uff0e\n A. they never eat strong and healthy ones\n B. they always go against the law of nature\n C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature\n D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness\nAnswer:", "full_text": "It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves\uff0eSome groups believe wolves should be killed\uff0eOther people believe wolvesMust be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss\uff08\u8352\u91ce\uff09For Killing Wolves    In Alaska\uff0cthe wolf almost disappeared a few years ago\uff0cbecause hunters were killing hundreds 0f them forsport\uff0eHowever\uff0e1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur\uff0eSo the woIf population has greatly increased\uff0eNow there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply\uff0e   A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family\uff0ePeople in the wilderness also hunt deer for food\uff0eMany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life\uff0eWhen the deer can't find enough food\uff0cthey die\uff0e    If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer\uff0ctheir prey\uff08\u730e\u7269\uff09will disappear some day\uff0eAnd the wolves will\uff0etoo\uff0eSo we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology\uff0eIf we killed more wolves\uff0cwe would save them and their prey from dying out\uff0eWe'd also save some farm animals\uff0e    In another northern state\uff0cwolves attack cows and chickens for food\uff0eFarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem\uff0eThey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population\uff0eAgainst Killing Wolves    If you had lived long ago\uff0cyou would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf\uff0eAccording to most stories\uff0chungry wolves often kill people for food\uff0eEven today\uff0cthe stories of the\"big bad woIf'\"will not disappear\uff0e    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people\uff0eand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell\uff0eWhen wolves eat other animals\uff0cthey usually kill the very young\uff0eor the sick and injured\uff0eThe strongest survive\uff0eNo kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived\uff0eAnd has always been a law of nature\uff0eAlthough some people say it is good sense to kill wolves\uff0cwe say it is nonsense!Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance\uff0eThe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large\uff0cand that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life\uff0e    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people\uff0eEven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs\uff0ethe wolves can't always find enough food\uff0eSo they travel to the nearest source\uff0cwhich is often a farm\uff0eThen there is danger\uff0eThe\"big bad wolf\"has arrived!And everyone knows what happens next\uff0e\nQuestion: 62\uff0eAccording to those against killing wolves\uff0cwhen wolves eat other animals\uff0c\u3000\u3000\uff0e\n A. they never eat strong and healthy ones\n B. they always go against the law of nature\n C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature\n D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:92"}
{"index": 19, "query": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What do we know about Susanna Reid?\n A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.\n B. She has started a new programme.\n C. She dislikes working early in the morning.\n D. She has had a tight budget for her family.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What do we know about Susanna Reid?\n A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.\n B. She has started a new programme.\n C. She dislikes working early in the morning.\n D. She has had a tight budget for her family.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What do we know about Susanna Reid?\n A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.\n B. She has started a new programme.\n C. She dislikes working early in the morning.\n D. She has had a tight budget for her family.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "*Good Morning Britain*\u2019s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role \u2013 showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In *Save Money: Good Food*, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under \u00a35 per family a day. And the *Good Morning Britain* presenter says she\u2019s been able to put a lot of what she\u2019s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.\u201cWe love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,\u201d she explains. \u201cI pay \u00a35 for a portion (\u4e00\u4efd), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we\u2019re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.\u201dThe eight-part series (\u7cfb\u5217\u8282\u76ee), *Save Money: Good Food*, follows in the footsteps of ITV\u2019s *Save Money: Good Health*, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight\u2019s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family\u2019s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.\nQuestion: What do we know about Susanna Reid?\n A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.\n B. She has started a new programme.\n C. She dislikes working early in the morning.\n D. She has had a tight budget for her family.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:19"}
{"index": 260, "query": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: If you want to work in an office, where can you get the forms to fill in?\n A. Website: jobweb.com\n B. Atlantic City Beach Office.\n C. 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\n D. 866 United Nations Plaza, #525, New York, NY 10017.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: If you want to work in an office, where can you get the forms to fill in?\n A. Website: jobweb.com\n B. Atlantic City Beach Office.\n C. 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\n D. 866 United Nations Plaza, #525, New York, NY 10017.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: If you want to work in an office, where can you get the forms to fill in?\n A. Website: jobweb.com\n B. Atlantic City Beach Office.\n C. 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\n D. 866 United Nations Plaza, #525, New York, NY 10017.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Part-time Front Desk Position, a book development company, is looking for a part-time front desk office worker. This position is perfect for a person who is cheerful, dependable, and pleasant to work with. Also, you should be able to welcome guests, redirect phone call, and take messages. More importantly, you can stay cool under pressure. You are expected to work 5:00--6:00 pm weekdays. You need to fill in some forms if you are interested.Forms can be collected at Kirchoff,Inc.                   866 United Nations Plaza, #525                      New York, NY 10037               Important Points to Remember When Swimming\u00b7Wait at least an hour after meals.\u00b7Follow the advice of lifeguards.\u00b7Don\u2019t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the \u00b7Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.\u00b7Don\u2019t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.\u00b7Get out of the water if you feel tired or cold. Cold can kill even strong swimmers.                     Help Telephone:212-543-5902                     Atlantic City Beach OfficeArrive on time.Introduce yourself in a polite manner.Read company materials while you wait.Have a firm handshake.Listen.Use body language to show interest.Smile and nod to the interviewers.Ask about the next thing you should do.Thank the interviewer.Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.                   For more information, please visit jobweb.com                    368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\nQuestion: If you want to work in an office, where can you get the forms to fill in?\n A. Website: jobweb.com\n B. Atlantic City Beach Office.\n C. 368 Cooper Square, New York, NY10008\n D. 866 United Nations Plaza, #525, New York, NY 10017.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:260"}
{"index": 37, "query": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?\n A. The special role of oxen in farming.\n B. People's respect and love for oxen.\n C. The practical value of an ox's body.\n D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?\n A. The special role of oxen in farming.\n B. People's respect and love for oxen.\n C. The practical value of an ox's body.\n D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?\n A. The special role of oxen in farming.\n B. People's respect and love for oxen.\n C. The practical value of an ox's body.\n D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Remembering names is an important social skill\uff0eHere are some ways to master it\uff0e__Recite and repeat in conversation\uff0e__    When you hear a person\u2019s name\uff0crepeat it\uff0eImmediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips\uff0eYou could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial\uff0e   __ Ask the other person to recite and repeat\uff0e__    You can let other people help you remember their names\uff0eAfter you\u2019ve been introduced to someone\uff0cask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you\uff0eMost people will be pleased by the effort you\u2019re making to learn their names\uff0e    __Admit you don\u2019t know\uff0e__    Admitting that you can\u2019t remember someone\u2019s name can actually make people relaxed\uff0eMost of them will feel sympathy if you say\uff0e\u201cI\u2019m working to remember names better\uff0eYours is right on the tip of my tongue\uff0eWhat is it again?\u201d    __Use associations\uff0e__    Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual\uff0eFor example\uff0cyou could make a mental note: \"Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair.\u201d To reinforce (\u52a0\u5f3a) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.     __Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.__     When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.    __ Go early.__     Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others -- an automatic review for you.\nQuestion: Which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?\n A. The special role of oxen in farming.\n B. People's respect and love for oxen.\n C. The practical value of an ox's body.\n D. The contribution of oxen to the economy.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:37"}
{"index": 170, "query": "Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat\u2014and when and how we eat them\u2014are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (\u519c\u6751\u7684) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (\u65f6\u523b) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (\u5174\u65fa) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called *vasilopita*. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (\u9884\u793a) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.\nQuestion: According to the passage, sharing bread______.\n A. indicates a lack of food\n B. can help to develop unity\n C. is a custom unique to rural areas\n D. has its roots in birthday celebrations\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat\u2014and when and how we eat them\u2014are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (\u519c\u6751\u7684) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (\u65f6\u523b) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (\u5174\u65fa) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called *vasilopita*. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (\u9884\u793a) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.\nQuestion: According to the passage, sharing bread______.\n A. indicates a lack of food\n B. can help to develop unity\n C. is a custom unique to rural areas\n D. has its roots in birthday celebrations\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat\u2014and when and how we eat them\u2014are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (\u519c\u6751\u7684) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (\u65f6\u523b) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (\u5174\u65fa) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called *vasilopita*. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (\u9884\u793a) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.\nQuestion: According to the passage, sharing bread______.\n A. indicates a lack of food\n B. can help to develop unity\n C. is a custom unique to rural areas\n D. has its roots in birthday celebrations\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat\u2014and when and how we eat them\u2014are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (\u519c\u6751\u7684) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (\u65f6\u523b) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (\u5174\u65fa) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called *vasilopita*. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (\u9884\u793a) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.\nQuestion: According to the passage, sharing bread______.\n A. indicates a lack of food\n B. can help to develop unity\n C. is a custom unique to rural areas\n D. has its roots in birthday celebrations\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:170"}
{"index": 212, "query": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 59\uff0ePassenger 2 is most probably     .\n A. a poster about a lecture\n B. an ad for a new book\n C. a note to a doctor in a university\n D. an introduction to a professor\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 59\uff0ePassenger 2 is most probably     .\n A. a poster about a lecture\n B. an ad for a new book\n C. a note to a doctor in a university\n D. an introduction to a professor\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 59\uff0ePassenger 2 is most probably     .\n A. a poster about a lecture\n B. an ad for a new book\n C. a note to a doctor in a university\n D. an introduction to a professor\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Passage 1__The information Highway is the road that links computer users to a large number of on-line services; the Web ,e-mail, and software, to mention just a few. Not long ago, the Information Highway was a new road, with not many users. Now, everyone seems to want to take a drive, with over 30 million families connected worldwide. Not surprisingly, this well-traveled highway is starting to look like a well-traveled highway. Traffic jams can cause many serious problems, forcing the system to close down for repair. Naturally, accidents will happen on such a crowed road, and usually victims are some files, gone forever. Then, of course, there\u2019s Mr. Cool, with his new broad-band connection, who speeds down the highway faster than most of us can go. But don\u2019t trick yourself; he pays for that speeding.__Passage 2__Want to know more about global warming and how you can help prevent it? Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next Friday. Friedman studied environmental science at three well-known universities around the world before becoming a professor in the subject. He has also traveled around the world observing environmental concerns. The gradual bleaching (\u53d8\u767d) of the Grate Barrier Reef, which came into the public eye in 2002,in his latest interest. Signed copies of his colorful book, which was published just last month, will be on sale after his talk.\nQuestion: 59\uff0ePassenger 2 is most probably     .\n A. a poster about a lecture\n B. an ad for a new book\n C. a note to a doctor in a university\n D. an introduction to a professor\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:212"}
{"index": 70, "query": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eBy mentioning Muhammad Ali's words\uff0cthe author intends to tell us that\uff0e\n A. players should be highly inspired by coaches\n B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience\n C. hard work is necessary in one's achievements\n D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eBy mentioning Muhammad Ali's words\uff0cthe author intends to tell us that\uff0e\n A. players should be highly inspired by coaches\n B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience\n C. hard work is necessary in one's achievements\n D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eBy mentioning Muhammad Ali's words\uff0cthe author intends to tell us that\uff0e\n A. players should be highly inspired by coaches\n B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience\n C. hard work is necessary in one's achievements\n D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Not so long ago\uff0cmost people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become\uff0eShe was just an average high school athlete\uff0eThere was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future\uff0eHowever\uff0cone person wants to change this\uff0eStephen Francis observed then eighteen\ufe63year\ufe63old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness\uff0eHer time were not exactly impressive\uff0cbut even so\uff0che seemed there was something trying to get out\uff0csomething the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking\uff0eHe decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons\uff0eTheir cooperation quickly produced results\uff0cand a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008\uff0cShelly Ann\uff0cwho at that time only ranked number 70 in the world\uff0cbeat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint\uff08\u77ed\u8dd1\uff09\uff0e\"Where did she come from\uff1f\"asked an astonished sprinting world\uff0cbefore concluding that she must be one of those one\ufe63hit wonders that spring up from time to time\uff0conly to disappear again without signs\uff0eBut Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one\ufe63hit wonder\uff0eAt the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold\uff0eShe did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton\uff0cbecoming world champion with a time of 10.73\ufe63\ufe63\ufe63the fourth record ever\uff0eShelly\ufe63Ann is a little woman with a big smile\uff0eShe has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance\uff0eHer journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless\uff0eShe grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner\ufe63city communities known as Waterhouse\uff0cwhere she lived in a one\ufe63room apartment\uff0csleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers\uff0eWaterhouse\uff0cone  of the poorest communities in Jamaica\uff0cis a really violent and overpopulated place\uff0eSeveral of Shelly\ufe63Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings\uff1b one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived\uff0eSometimes her family didn't have enough to eat\uff0eShe ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes\uff0eHer mother Maxime\uff0cone of a family of fourteen\uff0chad been an athlete herself as a young girl but\uff0clike so many other girls in Waterhouse\uff0chad to stop after she had her first baby\uff0eMaxime's early entry in to the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty\uff0eOne of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly\ufe63Ann was taking her to the track\uff0cand she was ready to sacrifice everything\uff0eIt didn't take long for Shelly\ufe63Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse\uff0eOn a summer evening in Beijing in 2008\uff0call those long\uff0chard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit\uff0eThe barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty\uff0csurrounded by criminals and violence\uff0chad written a new chapter in the history of sports\uff0eBut Shelly\ufe63Ann's victory was far greater than that\uff0eThe night she won Olympic gold in Beijing\uff0cthe routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped\uff0eThe dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days\uff0e\"I have so much fire burning for my country\uff0c\"Shelly said\uff0eShe plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse\uff0eShe hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons\uff0eShe intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world\uff0eAs Muhammad Al i puts it\uff0c\"Champions aren't made in gyms\uff0eChampions are made from something they have deep inside them\uff0eA desire\uff0ca dream\uff0ca vision\uff0e\"One of the things Shelly\ufe63Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth\uff0e\nQuestion: 69\uff0eBy mentioning Muhammad Ali's words\uff0cthe author intends to tell us that\uff0e\n A. players should be highly inspired by coaches\n B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience\n C. hard work is necessary in one's achievements\n D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:70"}
{"index": 282, "query": "__Have you ever wondered?____Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?__It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London but seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet\uff08\u55b7\u5c04\uff09stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.__What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?__Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures\uff08\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff09float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hour. If you turn something around your head on a string\uff08\u7ec6\u7ef3\uff09, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. \u2018Switching off\u2019 gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.\nQuestion: Where can we most probably read this text?\n A. In a research paper.      \n B. In a short story.   \n C. In a travel magazine.     \n D. In a student\u2019s book\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Have you ever wondered?____Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?__It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London but seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet\uff08\u55b7\u5c04\uff09stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.__What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?__Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures\uff08\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff09float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hour. If you turn something around your head on a string\uff08\u7ec6\u7ef3\uff09, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. \u2018Switching off\u2019 gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.\nQuestion: Where can we most probably read this text?\n A. In a research paper.      \n B. In a short story.   \n C. In a travel magazine.     \n D. In a student\u2019s book\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Have you ever wondered?____Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?__It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London but seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet\uff08\u55b7\u5c04\uff09stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.__What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?__Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures\uff08\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff09float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hour. If you turn something around your head on a string\uff08\u7ec6\u7ef3\uff09, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. \u2018Switching off\u2019 gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.\nQuestion: Where can we most probably read this text?\n A. In a research paper.      \n B. In a short story.   \n C. In a travel magazine.     \n D. In a student\u2019s book\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Have you ever wondered?____Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?__It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London but seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet\uff08\u55b7\u5c04\uff09stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.__What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?__Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures\uff08\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\uff09float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hour. If you turn something around your head on a string\uff08\u7ec6\u7ef3\uff09, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. \u2018Switching off\u2019 gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.\nQuestion: Where can we most probably read this text?\n A. In a research paper.      \n B. In a short story.   \n C. In a travel magazine.     \n D. In a student\u2019s book\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:282"}
{"index": 220, "query": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 67\uff0eThe main idea of the text is that______.\n A. two heads are better than one\n B. friendship is precious in life\n C. the disabled should never give up \n D. a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 67\uff0eThe main idea of the text is that______.\n A. two heads are better than one\n B. friendship is precious in life\n C. the disabled should never give up \n D. a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 67\uff0eThe main idea of the text is that______.\n A. two heads are better than one\n B. friendship is precious in life\n C. the disabled should never give up \n D. a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated\nAnswer:", "full_text": "They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls the other is there to catch him.They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident. and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes.(\u8def\u7ebf)  During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes\uff08\u5c16\u72b6\u7269\uff09that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.    Wellman\u2019s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. \u201che knew that was how I got injured.\u201d Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend\u2019s life.\u201cYour partner can save your life --- you can save your partner\u2019s life,\u201d Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. \u201cThere are real close ties.\u201d \nQuestion: 67\uff0eThe main idea of the text is that______.\n A. two heads are better than one\n B. friendship is precious in life\n C. the disabled should never give up \n D. a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:220"}
{"index": 249, "query": "As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric\uff08\u751f\u7269\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09technologies\u2014like fingerprint scans\u2014to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device\uff08\u88c5\u7f6e\uff09that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence\uff08\u8282\u594f\uff09with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to\u2014regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word \u201ctouch\u201dfour times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. <a id=\"OLE_LINK1\"></a>The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. \nQuestion: Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?\n A. To reduce pressure on keys.       \n B. To improve accuracy in typing \n C. To replace the password system.   \n D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric\uff08\u751f\u7269\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09technologies\u2014like fingerprint scans\u2014to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device\uff08\u88c5\u7f6e\uff09that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence\uff08\u8282\u594f\uff09with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to\u2014regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word \u201ctouch\u201dfour times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. <a id=\"OLE_LINK1\"></a>The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. \nQuestion: Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?\n A. To reduce pressure on keys.       \n B. To improve accuracy in typing \n C. To replace the password system.   \n D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric\uff08\u751f\u7269\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09technologies\u2014like fingerprint scans\u2014to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device\uff08\u88c5\u7f6e\uff09that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence\uff08\u8282\u594f\uff09with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to\u2014regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word \u201ctouch\u201dfour times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. <a id=\"OLE_LINK1\"></a>The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. \nQuestion: Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?\n A. To reduce pressure on keys.       \n B. To improve accuracy in typing \n C. To replace the password system.   \n D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric\uff08\u751f\u7269\u6d4b\u91cf\uff09technologies\u2014like fingerprint scans\u2014to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device\uff08\u88c5\u7f6e\uff09that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence\uff08\u8282\u594f\uff09with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to\u2014regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word \u201ctouch\u201dfour times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. <a id=\"OLE_LINK1\"></a>The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. \nQuestion: Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?\n A. To reduce pressure on keys.       \n B. To improve accuracy in typing \n C. To replace the password system.   \n D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:249"}
{"index": 163, "query": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What can we learn about the first experiment?\n A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. \n B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.\n C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. \n D. The second group did not understand the information.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What can we learn about the first experiment?\n A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. \n B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.\n C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. \n D. The second group did not understand the information.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What can we learn about the first experiment?\n A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. \n B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.\n C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. \n D. The second group did not understand the information.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (\u6587\u4ef6\u5939). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (\u4f4d\u7f6e) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called \"transactive memory (\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bb0\u5fc6)\"According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.\nQuestion: What can we learn about the first experiment?\n A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. \n B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.\n C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. \n D. The second group did not understand the information.\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:163"}
{"index": 223, "query": "Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(\u5f81\u670d) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally,  in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two \u201cIrelands\u201d. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (\u77ed\u7f3a) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly, Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were \u201cthe greatest talkers since the Greeks\u201d, Since independence, Ireland has revived(\u590d\u5174) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.\nQuestion: 71\uff0eWhat can be the best title for the text?\n A. Life in Ireland\n B. A Very Difficult History\n C. Ireland, Past and Present\n D. The Independence of Ireland\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 2, "query_olmes": "Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(\u5f81\u670d) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally,  in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two \u201cIrelands\u201d. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (\u77ed\u7f3a) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly, Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were \u201cthe greatest talkers since the Greeks\u201d, Since independence, Ireland has revived(\u590d\u5174) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.\nQuestion: 71\uff0eWhat can be the best title for the text?\n A. Life in Ireland\n B. A Very Difficult History\n C. Ireland, Past and Present\n D. The Independence of Ireland\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(\u5f81\u670d) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally,  in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two \u201cIrelands\u201d. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (\u77ed\u7f3a) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly, Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were \u201cthe greatest talkers since the Greeks\u201d, Since independence, Ireland has revived(\u590d\u5174) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.\nQuestion: 71\uff0eWhat can be the best title for the text?\n A. Life in Ireland\n B. A Very Difficult History\n C. Ireland, Past and Present\n D. The Independence of Ireland\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(\u5f81\u670d) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally,  in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two \u201cIrelands\u201d. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (\u77ed\u7f3a) of work , forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly, Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were \u201cthe greatest talkers since the Greeks\u201d, Since independence, Ireland has revived(\u590d\u5174) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.\nQuestion: 71\uff0eWhat can be the best title for the text?\n A. Life in Ireland\n B. A Very Difficult History\n C. Ireland, Past and Present\n D. The Independence of Ireland\nAnswer: C", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:223"}
{"index": 300, "query": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What made the chick calm down?\n A. A new nest.\n B. Some food.  \n C. A recording.\n D. Its parents.  \nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What made the chick calm down?\n A. A new nest.\n B. Some food.  \n C. A recording.\n D. Its parents.  \nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What made the chick calm down?\n A. A new nest.\n B. Some food.  \n C. A recording.\n D. Its parents.  \nAnswer:", "full_text": "I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(\u732b\u5934\u9e70) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(\u96cf\u9e1f) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight of all \u2014 LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.\nQuestion: What made the chick calm down?\n A. A new nest.\n B. Some food.  \n C. A recording.\n D. Its parents.  \nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:300"}
{"index": 89, "query": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eThe underlined word\"descendants\"in the last paragraph means a person's\n A. later generations          \n B. friends and relatives\n C. colleagues and partners     \n D. later sponsors\uff0e\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eThe underlined word\"descendants\"in the last paragraph means a person's\n A. later generations          \n B. friends and relatives\n C. colleagues and partners     \n D. later sponsors\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eThe underlined word\"descendants\"in the last paragraph means a person's\n A. later generations          \n B. friends and relatives\n C. colleagues and partners     \n D. later sponsors\uff0e\nAnswer:", "full_text": "Usually\uff0cwhen your teacher asks a question\uff0cthere is only one correct answer\uff0eBut there is one question that has millions of current answers\uff0eThat question is\"What's your name\uff1f\"Everyone gives a different answer\uff0cbut everyone is correct\uff0e    Have you ever wondered about people's names\uff1fWhere do they come from\uff1fWhat do they mean\uff1f    People's first names\uff0cor given names\uff0care chosen by their parents\uff0eSometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used\uff0eSome parents choose the name of a well\ufe63known person\uff0eA boy could be named George Washington Smith\uff1b a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones\uff0e    Some people give their children names that mean good things\uff0eClara means\"bright\"\uff1b Beatrice means\"one who gives happiness\"\uff1b Donald means\"world ruler\"\uff1b Leonard means\"as brave as a lion\"\uff0e   The earliest last names\uff0cor surnames\uff0cwere taken from place names\uff0eA family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook\uff08\u5c0f\u6eaa\uff09\uff1bsomeone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long\uff0cpaved road\uff0eThe Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest\uff0e    Other early surnames came from people's occupations\uff0eThe most common occupational name is Smith\uff0cwhich means a person who makes things with iron or other metals\uff0eIn the past\uff0csmiths were very important workers in every town and village\uff0eSome other occupational names are\uff1aCarter\ufe63a person who owned or drove a cart\uff1b Potter\ufe63a person who made pots and pans\uff0e   The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village\uff0eThe Carpenter's great\ufe63great\ufe63great\ufe63grandfather probably built houses and furniture\uff0eSometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin\uff0cor their size\uff0cor their special abilities\uff0eWhen there were two men who were named John in the same village\uff0cthe John with the gray hair probably became John Gray\uff0eOr the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman\uff0eJohn Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer\uff0e    Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name\uff0eEnglish\ufe63speaking people added\ufe63s or\ufe63son\uff0eThe Johnsons are descendants of John\uff1b the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert\uff0eIrish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O\uff0ePerhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell\uff0e\nQuestion: 59\uff0eThe underlined word\"descendants\"in the last paragraph means a person's\n A. later generations          \n B. friends and relatives\n C. colleagues and partners     \n D. later sponsors\uff0e\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:89"}
{"index": 186, "query": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.\n B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.\n C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.\n D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.\n B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.\n C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.\n D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.\n B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.\n C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.\n D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure \uff08\u7ed3\u6784\uff09, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents\u2019\uff08\u5bf9\u624b\uff09kites or cut their strings\uff08\u7ebf\uff09.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon\uff08\u5c3c\u9f99\uff09.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.  The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students.Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!\nQuestion: Which of the following is true according to the text?\n A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.\n B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.\n C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.\n D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:186"}
{"index": 159, "query": "When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (\u56e2\u7ed3). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, \"Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.\"Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.\nQuestion: We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.\n A. started a business in 1975\n B. left Vietnam without much money\n C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco\n D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (\u56e2\u7ed3). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, \"Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.\"Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.\nQuestion: We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.\n A. started a business in 1975\n B. left Vietnam without much money\n C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco\n D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (\u56e2\u7ed3). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, \"Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.\"Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.\nQuestion: We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.\n A. started a business in 1975\n B. left Vietnam without much money\n C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco\n D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles\nAnswer:", "full_text": "When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (\u56e2\u7ed3). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, \"Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.\"Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.\nQuestion: We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.\n A. started a business in 1975\n B. left Vietnam without much money\n C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco\n D. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:159"}
{"index": 140, "query": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if__________.\n A. they can attract potential students    \n B. they can defeat academic cheating \n C. they offer students online help     \n D. they offer many online courses\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if__________.\n A. they can attract potential students    \n B. they can defeat academic cheating \n C. they offer students online help     \n D. they offer many online courses\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if__________.\n A. they can attract potential students    \n B. they can defeat academic cheating \n C. they offer students online help     \n D. they offer many online courses\nAnswer:", "full_text": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if__________.\n A. they can attract potential students    \n B. they can defeat academic cheating \n C. they offer students online help     \n D. they offer many online courses\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:140"}
{"index": 207, "query": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?\n A. Improve their driving skills.\n B. Develop driver-assist technologies.\n C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.\n D. Organize regular physical checkups.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 1, "query_olmes": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?\n A. Improve their driving skills.\n B. Develop driver-assist technologies.\n C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.\n D. Organize regular physical checkups.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?\n A. Improve their driving skills.\n B. Develop driver-assist technologies.\n C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.\n D. Organize regular physical checkups.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named \u201cDriveLAB\u201d in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(\u9694\u7edd) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(\u5bfc\u822a) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: \u201cFor many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.\u201d\u201cBut we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.\u201dDr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: \u201cThe DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.\u201d\u201cFor example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We\u2019re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.\u201d\u201cWe hope that our work will help with technological solutions(\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.\u201d\nQuestion: What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?\n A. Improve their driving skills.\n B. Develop driver-assist technologies.\n C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.\n D. Organize regular physical checkups.\nAnswer: B", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:207"}
{"index": 245, "query": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: Which program favors the disabled?\n A. Jobs for Youth.    \n B. Summer Company.\n C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.     \n D. Summer Employment Opportunities.\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: Which program favors the disabled?\n A. Jobs for Youth.    \n B. Summer Company.\n C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.     \n D. Summer Employment Opportunities.\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: Which program favors the disabled?\n A. Jobs for Youth.    \n B. Summer Company.\n C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.     \n D. Summer Employment Opportunities.\nAnswer:", "full_text": "__Need a Job This Summer?__The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.__Jobs for Youth__If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\uff09for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities\uff08\u793e\u533a\uff09.__Summer Company __Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.__Stewardship Youth Ranger Program __You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.__Summer Employment Opportunities\uff08\u673a\u4f1a\uff09__Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.\nQuestion: Which program favors the disabled?\n A. Jobs for Youth.    \n B. Summer Company.\n C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.     \n D. Summer Employment Opportunities.\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:245"}
{"index": 138, "query": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?\n A. To correct her typing mistakes.   \n B. To find her secrets in the room \n C. To prevent her from slowing down.    \n D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 3, "query_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?\n A. To correct her typing mistakes.   \n B. To find her secrets in the room \n C. To prevent her from slowing down.    \n D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?\n A. To correct her typing mistakes.   \n B. To find her secrets in the room \n C. To prevent her from slowing down.    \n D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors\nAnswer:", "full_text": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?\n A. To correct her typing mistakes.   \n B. To find her secrets in the room \n C. To prevent her from slowing down.    \n D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors\nAnswer: D", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:138"}
{"index": 141, "query": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Some programs can find out possible cheaters by_________.\n A. checking the question answering speed    \n B. producing a large number of questions\n C. scanning the Internet test questions    \n D. giving difficult test questions\nAnswer:", "choices": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "source": "", "gold": 0, "query_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Some programs can find out possible cheaters by_________.\n A. checking the question answering speed    \n B. producing a large number of questions\n C. scanning the Internet test questions    \n D. giving difficult test questions\nAnswer:", "full_text_olmes": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Some programs can find out possible cheaters by_________.\n A. checking the question answering speed    \n B. producing a large number of questions\n C. scanning the Internet test questions    \n D. giving difficult test questions\nAnswer:", "full_text": "While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(\u76d1\u63a7\u5668) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer\u2019s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked---remotely---to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was; Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid---that students haven\u2019t searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating become sharper in the last year with the growth of \u201copen online courses.\u201d Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student\u2019s identities using personas information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at he same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.\nQuestion: Some programs can find out possible cheaters by_________.\n A. checking the question answering speed    \n B. producing a large number of questions\n C. scanning the Internet test questions    \n D. giving difficult test questions\nAnswer: A", "id_olmes": null, "id": "agi_eval_gaokao-english::retrieval:141"}