---
pretty_name: Annotated Wikipedia 2016
license: cc-by-sa-3.0
task_categories:
  - text-generation
  - token-classification
  - text-retrieval
language:
  - en
tags:
  - wikipedia
  - entity-linking
  - wikification
  - hyperlinks
  - pretraining
size_categories:
  - 1M<n<10M
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: "data/*.parquet"
---

# Annotated Wikipedia 2016

English Wikipedia (~2016 snapshot) processed into JSON, with **inline hyperlinks preserved as gold-aligned entity-link annotations**. Each article carries its full plain text plus a list of `(surface_form, target_uri, character_offset)` tuples — one per wikilink in the source.

This release just re-shards the original ~5 GB stored zip (`extracted/AA/wiki00` … `extracted/NN/wiki47`, 35,148 JSONL chunk files) into parquet with a unified pyarrow schema. No filtering, no text normalisation, no entity-set restriction. Offsets are byte-faithful character offsets into `text` — verified to round-trip exactly.

Mirror of the raw zip: [alvations/stash · wikipedia-json/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/alvations/stash/tree/main/wikipedia-json).

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("alvations/annotated-wiki-2016", split="train", streaming=True)
ex = next(iter(ds))
print(ex["title"], "—", len(ex["annotations"]), "links")
# Anarchism — 639 links

# offsets line up with text spans
for a in ex["annotations"][:3]:
    s = ex["text"][a["offset"]:a["offset"] + len(a["surface_form"])]
    assert s == a["surface_form"]
    print(a["surface_form"], "->", a["uri"])
```

Streaming is recommended — the full train split is multi-GB and 1M+ rows.

## Schema

| Column        | Type                                                          | Description |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| `title`       | string                                                        | Article title, URL-decoded from the wiki URL path. |
| `url`         | string                                                        | Original Wikipedia URL, e.g. `http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism`. |
| `wiki_id`     | int64                                                         | Wikipedia page ID (the source dump stored it as a 1-element list — flattened here). |
| `text`        | string                                                        | Full article plain text (no markup, no infoboxes). |
| `annotations` | list&lt;struct&lt;surface_form: string, uri: string, offset: int32&gt;&gt; | One entry per outgoing wikilink in the article. |
| `language`    | string                                                        | Always `"en"` in this release. |

### Annotation semantics

Each annotation marks one outgoing hyperlink in the source wikitext:

- `surface_form` — the literal text span as it appears in the article (the link's anchor text).
- `uri` — the linked target page, in Wikipedia URL form with underscores, e.g. `Political_philosophy`. Use as-is for joining against page-id tables; no namespace prefix.
- `offset` — zero-based **character** offset into `text` where `surface_form` begins. `text[offset : offset + len(surface_form)] == surface_form` is guaranteed.

Anchors are not deduplicated, redirected, or filtered — multiple links to the same target appear separately, and dangling/redirect targets are kept verbatim.

## Sharding

Parquet shards are grouped by the source zip's two-letter subdirectory (`extracted/<XX>/`):

```
data/AA.parquet
data/AB.parquet
...
data/NN.parquet      (352 shards total)
```

Each shard is ~25 MB compressed (snappy), holding roughly 1,800–4,500 articles depending on average article length in that bucket.

## Source

Re-packaged from the upstream zip `wikipedia-json.zip` (5.0 GB stored / 18 GB uncompressed), which was itself the output of processing an English Wikipedia dump with a wikiextractor-style pipeline that retained wikilinks as offset annotations. The dataset is named `2016` after the apparent dump year of the upstream archive.

## License

Wikipedia text is distributed under [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) (with parts also under the GFDL). Attribution: contributors to the English Wikipedia. Reuse must preserve attribution and ShareAlike.

## Provenance of this release

- Source: `wikipedia-json.zip` — mirrored at [`alvations/stash · wikipedia-json/wikipedia-json.zip`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/alvations/stash/tree/main/wikipedia-json).
- Conversion: streamed via `zipfile.ZipFile.open()` without on-disk extraction; one parquet shard per source subdir; nested annotations stored as `list<struct>` for native pyarrow / Polars / DuckDB consumption.
- No row filtering, deduplication, redirect resolution, or text cleanup applied.