Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of  and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about  of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.

including, of, of, country, shares, ocean, is, andes, islands, a, country, of, and, fernández, y, the, in, the, is, claims, drake, territory, chile, city, several, argentina, and, desventuradas, passage, pacific, as, it, pacific, south, america, the, chile, along, the, largest, to, northeast, capital, chile, republic, chilean, and, the, about, also, borders, to, island, antarctica, population, gómez, bolivia, land, and, 17, east, north, of, of, 5, an, south, antarctic, closest, the, santiago, easter, western, and, the, a, a, million, located, is, peru, the, the, of, between, to, country, southernmost, stretching, isla, with, the, and, in, world, mountains, the, to, salas, and, as, narrow, spanish, of, officially, national, is, area, controls, language, the, antarctica, 2017, with, the, strip, juan, the, to, and, the, chile

17, 2017, 5, a, a, a, about, along, also, america, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, andes, antarctic, antarctica, antarctica, area, argentina, as, as, between, bolivia, borders, capital, chile, chile, chile, chile, chilean, city, claims, closest, controls, country, country, country, desventuradas, drake, east, easter, fernández, gómez, in, in, including, is, is, is, is, isla, island, islands, it, juan, land, language, largest, located, million, mountains, narrow, national, north, northeast, ocean, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, officially, pacific, pacific, passage, peru, population, republic, salas, santiago, several, shares, south, south, southernmost, spanish, stretching, strip, territory, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, to, western, with, with, world, y

5, a, a, a, y, 17, an, as, as, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 2017, also, area, city, east, isla, juan, land, peru, with, with, about, along, andes, chile, chile, chile, chile, drake, gómez, north, ocean, salas, south, south, strip, world, claims, easter, island, narrow, shares, america, between, bolivia, borders, capital, chilean, closest, country, country, country, islands, largest, located, million, pacific, pacific, passage, several, spanish, western, controls, language, national, republic, santiago, antarctic, argentina, fernández, including, mountains, northeast, territory, antarctica, antarctica, officially, population, stretching, southernmost, desventuradas


The territory of Chile has been populated since at least 3000 BC. By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory was a colony between 1540 and 1818, when it gained independence from Spain. The country's economic development was successively marked by the export of first agricultural produce, then saltpeter and later copper. The wealth of raw materials led to an economic upturn, but also led to dependency, and even wars with neighboring states. Chile was governed during most of its first 150 years of independence by different forms of restricted government, where the electorate was carefully vetted and controlled by an elite.

export, neighboring, successively, 1540, the, raw, upturn, during, where, led, the, dependency, different, produce, was, electorate, and, region, country, economic, conquistadors, populated, but, the, has, later, s, spain, a, development, and, century, then, saltpeter, of, 16th, bc, was, governed, colony, wealth, copper, colonize, present, spanish, of, the, territory, most, materials, was, was, when, and, by, marked, the, to, chile, of, its, of, independence, controlled, began, day, and, even, of, led, an, between, with, government, the, vetted, years, first, 1818, chile, states, and, least, of, 150, been, forms, the, the, chile, since, 3000, territory, from, gained, independence, an, first, elite, restricted, carefully, of, economic, it, by, agricultural, to, by, also, to, wars, by, at

150, 1540, 16th, 1818, 3000, a, agricultural, also, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, at, bc, been, began, between, but, by, by, by, by, carefully, century, chile, chile, chile, colonize, colony, conquistadors, controlled, copper, country, day, dependency, development, different, during, economic, economic, electorate, elite, even, export, first, first, forms, from, gained, governed, government, has, independence, independence, it, its, later, least, led, led, marked, materials, most, neighboring, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, populated, present, produce, raw, region, restricted, s, saltpeter, since, spain, spanish, states, successively, territory, territory, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, to, to, to, upturn, vetted, wars, was, was, was, was, wealth, when, where, with, years

a, s, an, an, at, bc, by, by, by, by, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, 150, and, and, and, and, and, but, day, has, its, led, led, raw, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, 1540, 16th, 1818, 3000, also, been, even, from, most, then, wars, when, with, began, chile, chile, chile, elite, first, first, forms, later, least, since, spain, where, years, colony, copper, during, export, gained, marked, region, states, upturn, vetted, wealth, between, century, country, present, produce, spanish, colonize, economic, economic, governed, carefully, different, materials, populated, saltpeter, territory, territory, controlled, dependency, electorate, government, restricted, development, neighboring, agricultural, independence, independence, successively, conquistadors


The Chilean Armed Forces () is the unified military organization comprising the Chilean Army, Air Force, and Navy. The President of Chile is the commander-in-chief of the military, and formulates policy through the Minister of Defence. In recent years and after several major reequipment programs, the Chilean Armed Forces have become one of the most technologically advanced and professional armed forces in Latin America. The Chilean Army is mostly supplied with equipment from Germany, the United States, Brazil, Israel, France, and Spain.

programs, and, from, germany, armed, several, america, the, is, one, the, have, president, chilean, latin, the, unified, chile, of, armed, france, years, and, formulates, the, air, of, in, through, recent, in, commander, forces, organization, israel, the, and, and, of, mostly, of, the, professional, chilean, and, army, most, united, policy, the, technologically, minister, with, chilean, military, the, in, the, forces, after, army, forces, the, advanced, chilean, states, is, equipment, chief, supplied, comprising, force, the, brazil, is, major, navy, become, defence, armed, spain, reequipment, military

advanced, after, air, america, and, and, and, and, and, armed, armed, armed, army, army, become, brazil, chief, chile, chilean, chilean, chilean, chilean, commander, comprising, defence, equipment, force, forces, forces, forces, formulates, france, from, germany, have, in, in, in, is, is, is, israel, latin, major, military, military, minister, most, mostly, navy, of, of, of, of, one, organization, policy, president, professional, programs, recent, reequipment, several, spain, states, supplied, technologically, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, through, unified, united, with, years

in, in, in, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, air, and, and, and, and, and, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, army, army, from, have, most, navy, with, after, armed, armed, armed, chief, chile, force, latin, major, spain, years, become, brazil, forces, forces, forces, france, israel, mostly, policy, recent, states, united, america, chilean, chilean, chilean, chilean, defence, germany, several, through, unified, advanced, military, military, minister, programs, supplied, commander, equipment, president, comprising, formulates, reequipment, organization, professional, technologically


Since its return to democracy in 1990, Chile has been an active participant in the regional and international arena. Chile assumed a two-year non-permanent position on the UN Security Council in January 2003 and was re-elected to the council in October 2013. It is also an active member of the UN family of agencies, serving as a member of the Commission on Human Rights and participating in UN peacekeeping activities. Chile hosted the second Summit of the Americas in 1998, was the chair of the Rio Group in 2001, hosted the Defense Ministerial of the Americas in 2002, and the APEC summit and related meetings in 2004. In 2005 it hosted the Community of Democracies ministerial conference. It is an associate member of Mercosur and a full member of APEC. The OECD agreed to invite Chile to be among four countries to open discussions in becoming an official member.

to, hosted, hosted, is, in, the, in, community, rio, of, 2003, active, in, the, and, in, assumed, elected, in, the, october, chile, it, chair, discussions, invite, in, the, the, to, and, two, 2013, 2001, was, un, of, the, the, 2005, permanent, mercosur, in, the, of, of, in, full, a, council, serving, four, rights, and, related, the, meetings, return, since, democracies, 1998, the, security, family, commission, conference, in, the, the, associate, and, chile, group, arena, an, on, ministerial, it, activities, to, apec, un, becoming, open, and, to, countries, democracy, and, been, un, in, it, participating, hosted, re, participant, of, has, defense, apec, active, second, in, 1990, of, the, 2004, summit, non, summit, member, regional, chile, an, to, americas, also, a, council, human, member, be, is, january, ministerial, official, agencies, oecd, its, a, 2002, among, member, member, agreed, member, an, on, position, peacekeeping, of, as, americas, chile, international, of, of, was, an, year, the

1990, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2013, a, a, a, active, active, activities, agencies, agreed, also, americas, americas, among, an, an, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, apec, apec, arena, as, associate, assumed, be, becoming, been, chair, chile, chile, chile, chile, commission, community, conference, council, council, countries, defense, democracies, democracy, discussions, elected, family, four, full, group, has, hosted, hosted, hosted, human, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, international, invite, is, is, it, it, it, its, january, meetings, member, member, member, member, member, mercosur, ministerial, ministerial, non, october, oecd, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, official, on, on, open, participant, participating, peacekeeping, permanent, position, re, regional, related, return, rights, rio, second, security, serving, since, summit, summit, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, to, two, un, un, un, was, was, year

a, a, a, an, an, an, an, as, be, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, re, to, to, to, to, to, un, un, un, and, and, and, and, and, and, has, its, non, rio, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, was, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2013, also, apec, apec, been, four, full, oecd, open, year, among, arena, chair, chile, chile, chile, chile, group, human, since, active, active, agreed, family, hosted, hosted, hosted, invite, member, member, member, member, member, return, rights, second, summit, summit, assumed, council, council, defense, elected, january, october, related, serving, agencies, americas, americas, becoming, meetings, mercosur, official, position, regional, security, associate, community, countries, democracy, permanent, activities, commission, conference, democracies, discussions, ministerial, ministerial, participant, peacekeeping, international, participating


A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that asserts the existence of a conspiracy by powerful and sinister groups, often political in motivation, when other explanations are more probable. The term generally has a negative connotation, implying that the appeal of a conspiracy theory is based in prejudice, emotional conviction, or insufficient evidence. A conspiracy theory is distinct from a conspiracy; it refers to a hypothesized conspiracy with specific characteristics, including but not limited to opposition to the mainstream consensus among those who are qualified to evaluate its accuracy, such as scientists or historians.

explanations, motivation, characteristics, scientists, accuracy, qualified, conspiracy, historians, or, in, a, its, a, but, when, negative, specific, is, theory, appeal, based, mainstream, limited, opposition, term, asserts, who, conspiracy, not, conspiracy, sinister, a, conspiracy, by, powerful, prejudice, is, and, the, for, conspiracy, in, has, with, evaluate, other, or, to, often, the, is, conspiracy, consensus, to, that, groups, to, or, insufficient, are, an, a, hypothesized, political, of, among, distinct, are, a, probable, a, evidence, such, those, the, it, theory, implying, that, conviction, more, generally, from, an, including, event, refers, connotation, a, as, explanation, to, emotional, the, situation, existence, theory, of

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, accuracy, among, an, an, and, appeal, are, are, as, asserts, based, but, by, characteristics, connotation, consensus, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conviction, distinct, emotional, evaluate, event, evidence, existence, explanation, explanations, for, from, generally, groups, has, historians, hypothesized, implying, in, in, including, insufficient, is, is, is, it, its, limited, mainstream, more, motivation, negative, not, of, of, often, opposition, or, or, or, other, political, powerful, prejudice, probable, qualified, refers, scientists, sinister, situation, specific, such, term, that, that, the, the, the, the, theory, theory, theory, those, to, to, to, to, when, who, with

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, an, an, as, by, in, in, is, is, is, it, of, of, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, and, are, are, but, for, has, its, not, the, the, the, the, who, from, more, such, term, that, that, when, with, among, based, event, often, other, those, appeal, groups, refers, theory, theory, theory, asserts, limited, accuracy, distinct, evaluate, evidence, implying, negative, powerful, probable, sinister, specific, consensus, emotional, existence, generally, including, political, prejudice, qualified, situation, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conspiracy, conviction, historians, mainstream, motivation, opposition, scientists, connotation, explanation, explanations, hypothesized, insufficient, characteristics


The Coral Sea Islands Territory is an external territory of Australia which comprises a group of small and mostly uninhabited tropical islands and reefs in the Coral Sea, north-east of Queensland, Australia. The only inhabited island is Willis Island. The territory covers , most of which is ocean, extending east and south from the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef and includes Heralds Beacon Island, Osprey Reef, the Willis Group and fifteen other reef/island groups. Cato Island is the highest point in the Territory.

of, the, island, and, territory, osprey, the, uninhabited, of, australia, comprises, tropical, island, and, coral, reefs, the, the, in, barrier, which, sea, south, mostly, island, an, other, territory, sea, inhabited, edge, in, beacon, fifteen, groups, the, queensland, willis, point, willis, group, island, reef, ocean, heralds, group, cato, reef, extending, and, external, is, a, the, coral, most, the, includes, is, the, of, territory, covers, reef, is, of, australia, highest, islands, north, outer, the, island, of, small, east, east, islands, is, territory, and, which, from, and, only, great

a, an, and, and, and, and, and, australia, australia, barrier, beacon, cato, comprises, coral, coral, covers, east, east, edge, extending, external, fifteen, from, great, group, group, groups, heralds, highest, in, in, includes, inhabited, is, is, is, is, island, island, island, island, island, islands, islands, most, mostly, north, ocean, of, of, of, of, of, only, osprey, other, outer, point, queensland, reef, reef, reef, reefs, sea, sea, small, south, territory, territory, territory, territory, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tropical, uninhabited, which, which, willis, willis

a, an, in, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, sea, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, cato, east, east, edge, from, most, only, reef, reef, reef, coral, coral, great, group, group, north, ocean, other, outer, point, reefs, small, south, which, which, beacon, covers, groups, island, island, island, island, island, mostly, osprey, willis, willis, barrier, fifteen, heralds, highest, islands, islands, external, includes, tropical, australia, australia, comprises, extending, inhabited, territory, territory, territory, territory, queensland, uninhabited


Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (), is a country in the Central American region of North America. Costa Rica is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of . An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area.

is, cocos, sea, ocean, capital, the, officially, of, rich, ecuador, with, around, the, 333, rica, border, republic, estimated, is, the, costa, the, a, maritime, the, to, 980, two, to, metropolitan, north, costa, city, nicaragua, to, and, around, of, five, area, a, country, america, coast, the, by, panama, people, million, pacific, the, the, southwest, the, josé, million, area, population, rica, in, as, in, american, literally, it, live, of, of, land, northeast, costa, southeast, well, island, south, largest, in, and, of, to, an, caribbean, north, central, a, bordered, rica, in, with, the, san, to, people, region, as, surrounding, has, the

333, 980, a, a, a, america, american, an, and, and, area, area, around, around, as, as, border, bordered, by, capital, caribbean, central, city, coast, cocos, costa, costa, costa, country, ecuador, estimated, five, has, in, in, in, in, is, is, island, it, josé, land, largest, literally, live, maritime, metropolitan, million, million, nicaragua, north, north, northeast, ocean, of, of, of, of, of, officially, pacific, panama, people, people, population, region, republic, rica, rica, rica, rich, san, sea, south, southeast, southwest, surrounding, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, to, two, well, with, with

a, a, a, an, as, as, by, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, to, 333, 980, and, and, has, san, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, area, area, city, five, josé, land, live, rica, rica, rica, rich, well, with, with, coast, cocos, costa, costa, costa, north, north, ocean, south, around, around, border, island, panama, people, people, region, america, capital, central, country, ecuador, largest, million, million, pacific, american, bordered, maritime, republic, caribbean, estimated, literally, nicaragua, northeast, southeast, southwest, officially, population, surrounding, metropolitan


The politics of Costa Rica take place in a framework of a presidential, representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and their cabinet, and the President of Costa Rica is both the head of state and head of government. Legislative power is vested in the Legislative Assembly. The president and 57 Legislative Assembly deputies are elected for four-year terms. The judiciary operates independently from the executive and the legislature, but is involved in the political process. Costa Rica has a strong system of constitutional checks and balances. Voting is compulsory, but this is not enforced.

assembly, president, government, legislature, legislative, this, and, year, of, take, republic, power, rica, assembly, costa, judiciary, the, state, from, enforced, the, party, presidential, representative, multi, for, checks, the, rica, of, framework, constitutional, the, and, compulsory, involved, of, head, independently, a, has, and, is, system, politics, place, of, legislative, power, and, in, political, deputies, in, the, strong, and, costa, is, by, costa, their, voting, cabinet, the, terms, is, head, but, elected, the, a, a, the, legislative, is, the, both, operates, 57, in, exercised, four, executive, rica, system, and, of, president, are, is, executive, process, not, balances, vested, is, but, a, with, democratic, of, president, the

57, a, a, a, a, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, assembly, assembly, balances, both, but, but, by, cabinet, checks, compulsory, constitutional, costa, costa, costa, democratic, deputies, elected, enforced, executive, executive, exercised, for, four, framework, from, government, has, head, head, in, in, in, independently, involved, is, is, is, is, is, is, judiciary, legislative, legislative, legislative, legislature, multi, not, of, of, of, of, of, of, operates, party, place, political, politics, power, power, president, president, president, presidential, process, representative, republic, rica, rica, rica, state, strong, system, system, take, terms, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, this, vested, voting, with, year

a, a, a, a, 57, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, but, but, for, has, not, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, both, four, from, head, head, rica, rica, rica, take, this, with, year, costa, costa, costa, multi, party, place, power, power, state, terms, their, checks, strong, system, system, vested, voting, cabinet, elected, process, assembly, assembly, balances, deputies, enforced, involved, operates, politics, republic, executive, executive, exercised, framework, judiciary, political, president, president, president, compulsory, democratic, government, legislative, legislative, legislative, legislature, presidential, independently, constitutional, representative


Ivory Coast  invested remarkably in its transport system. Transport Infrastructures are much more developed than they are other West African countries despite a crisis that restrained their maintenance and development. Since its independence in 1960, Ivory Coast put an emphasis on increasing and modernizing the transport network for human as well as for goods. Major infrastructures of diverse nature were built including railways, roads, waterways, and airports. In spite of the crisis, neighbor countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Guinea) still strongly depend on the Ivorian transport network for importing, exporting, and transiting their immigrants to Ivory Coast.

nature, ivory, waterways, ivory, crisis, remarkably, depend, for, since, transport, human, were, infrastructures, transiting, and, transport, west, and, as, invested, roads, for, immigrants, for, the, coast, coast, development, its, transport, ivorian, including, its, than, in, an, guinea, to, and, other, 1960, airports, infrastructures, and, more, well, emphasis, restrained, strongly, spite, in, and, countries, as, on, network, neighbor, niger, railways, network, on, major, despite, still, mali, put, the, their, faso, a, maintenance, exporting, increasing, crisis, built, the, importing, transport, are, diverse, system, burkina, in, goods, of, ivory, coast, independence, much, that, are, of, their, african, developed, they, modernizing, countries

1960, a, african, airports, an, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, as, as, built, burkina, coast, coast, coast, countries, countries, crisis, crisis, depend, despite, developed, development, diverse, emphasis, exporting, faso, for, for, for, goods, guinea, human, immigrants, importing, in, in, in, including, increasing, independence, infrastructures, infrastructures, invested, its, its, ivorian, ivory, ivory, ivory, maintenance, major, mali, modernizing, more, much, nature, neighbor, network, network, niger, of, of, on, on, other, put, railways, remarkably, restrained, roads, since, spite, still, strongly, system, than, that, the, the, the, their, their, they, to, transiting, transport, transport, transport, transport, waterways, well, were, west

a, an, as, as, in, in, in, of, of, on, on, to, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, for, for, for, its, its, put, the, the, the, 1960, faso, mali, more, much, than, that, they, well, were, west, built, coast, coast, coast, goods, human, ivory, ivory, ivory, major, niger, other, roads, since, spite, still, their, their, crisis, crisis, depend, guinea, nature, system, african, burkina, despite, diverse, ivorian, network, network, airports, emphasis, invested, neighbor, railways, strongly, countries, countries, developed, exporting, importing, including, transport, transport, transport, transport, waterways, immigrants, increasing, remarkably, restrained, transiting, development, maintenance, modernizing, independence, infrastructures, infrastructures


Croatia (, ; , ), officially the Republic of Croatia (  ), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southern Europe. Its coast lies entirely on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west and southwest. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. The country spans , and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.

montenegro, west, serbia, herzegovina, a, country, and, shares, and, officially, slovenia, 3, nearly, the, it, and, the, northeast, and, million, city, europe, croatia, the, crossroads, to, the, borders, largest, to, and, capital, hungary, primary, the, east, bosnia, croatia, its, zagreb, the, of, sea, is, southeast, and, population, with, its, to, twenty, of, italy, adriatic, subdivisions, lies, the, of, with, coast, to, a, forms, and, country, southern, the, southwest, on, border, a, has, located, northwest, country, central, counties, of, s, 9, the, one, spans, to, entirely, the, at, maritime, republic

3, 9, a, a, a, adriatic, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, at, border, borders, bosnia, capital, central, city, coast, counties, country, country, country, croatia, croatia, crossroads, east, entirely, europe, forms, has, herzegovina, hungary, is, it, italy, its, its, largest, lies, located, maritime, million, montenegro, nearly, northeast, northwest, of, of, of, of, officially, on, one, population, primary, republic, s, sea, serbia, shares, slovenia, southeast, southern, southwest, spans, subdivisions, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, to, twenty, west, with, with, zagreb

3, 9, a, a, a, s, at, is, it, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, has, its, its, one, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, city, east, lies, west, with, with, coast, forms, italy, spans, border, bosnia, europe, nearly, serbia, shares, twenty, zagreb, borders, capital, central, country, country, country, croatia, croatia, hungary, largest, located, million, primary, adriatic, counties, entirely, maritime, republic, slovenia, southern, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest, crossroads, montenegro, officially, population, herzegovina, subdivisions


The geography of Croatia is defined by its location—it is described as a part of Central Europe and Southeast Europe, a part of the Balkans and Southern Europe. Croatia's territory covers , making it the 127th largest country in the world. Bordered by Slovenia in the northwest, Hungary in the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia in the east, Montenegro in the southeast and the Adriatic Sea in the south, it lies mostly between latitudes 42° and 47° N and longitudes 13° and 20° E. Croatia's territorial waters encompass  in a  wide zone, and its internal waters located within the baseline cover an additional .

the, of, and, within, wide, of, world, n, europe, hungary, and, cover, 47, southern, between, south, mostly, montenegro, in, croatia, is, herzegovina, in, central, as, northwest, northeast, and, southeast, internal, bosnia, and, of, sea, territory, territorial, the, an, longitudes, and, it, s, s, e, the, in, adriatic, and, described, country, in, located, by, is, covers, croatia, 13, geography, lies, it, largest, the, defined, baseline, the, it, the, its, slovenia, east, the, and, waters, in, zone, europe, the, 42, a, the, encompass, europe, the, its, 127th, making, latitudes, southeast, and, part, by, and, serbia, location, additional, waters, a, the, bordered, in, balkans, a, 20, in, croatia, part

127th, 13, 20, 42, 47, a, a, a, additional, adriatic, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, as, balkans, baseline, between, bordered, bosnia, by, by, central, country, cover, covers, croatia, croatia, croatia, defined, described, e, east, encompass, europe, europe, europe, geography, herzegovina, hungary, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, internal, is, is, it, it, it, its, its, largest, latitudes, lies, located, location, longitudes, making, montenegro, mostly, n, northeast, northwest, of, of, of, part, part, s, s, sea, serbia, slovenia, south, southeast, southeast, southern, territorial, territory, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, waters, waters, wide, within, world, zone

a, a, a, e, n, s, s, 13, 20, 42, 47, an, as, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, its, its, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, east, lies, part, part, wide, zone, 127th, cover, south, world, bosnia, covers, europe, europe, europe, making, mostly, serbia, waters, waters, within, balkans, between, central, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, defined, hungary, largest, located, adriatic, baseline, bordered, internal, location, slovenia, southern, described, encompass, geography, latitudes, northeast, northwest, southeast, southeast, territory, additional, longitudes, montenegro, herzegovina, territorial


The demographic characteristics of the population of Croatia are known through censuses, normally conducted in ten-year intervals and analysed by various statistical bureaus since the 1850s. The Croatian Bureau of Statistics has performed this task since the 1990s. The latest census in Croatia was performed in autumn of 2021. According to final results published on 22 September 2022 the permanent population of Croatia at the 2021 census (31st Aug) had reached 3.87 million. The population density is 68.7 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall life expectancy in Croatia at birth was 78,2 years in 2018. The population rose steadily (with the exception of censuses taken following the two world wars) from 2.1 million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7 million. Since 1991, Croatia's death rate has continuously exceeded its birth rate; the natural growth rate of the population is negative. Croatia is in the fourth (or fifth) stage of the demographic transition. In terms of age structure, the population is dominated by the 15 to 64 year‑old segment. The median age of the population is 43.4, and the gender ratio of the total population is 0.93 males per 1 female.

median, permanent, conducted, censuses, demographic, kilometre, of, 1, 93, 2, rate, the, the, normally, was, croatian, 0, population, of, continuously, 64, to, was, from, are, growth, this, old, population, croatia, at, population, census, statistics, through, until, age, of, 4, the, final, 1991, million, in, had, 4, known, of, transition, september, has, of, intervals, population, the, year, by, its, of, of, the, year, age, density, the, of, latest, rate, croatia, the, in, by, world, population, rose, the, bureaus, performed, fifth, since, 3, ten, the, fourth, gender, life, 87, the, wars, the, per, 2021, years, 1, is, is, censuses, since, autumn, 1991, expectancy, 15, the, the, results, in, croatia, since, stage, the, in, terms, published, 2022, ratio, total, at, 2021, the, 7, is, 1857, million, to, croatia, 2018, with, per, 1990s, is, two, statistical, and, males, analysed, is, of, at, population, when, bureau, characteristics, census, the, s, 7, in, exceeded, in, peaked, task, negative, the, in, the, of, the, of, steadily, natural, female, 1850s, according, 43, 31st, performed, 78, taken, structure, population, 2, the, has, the, 22, following, aug, population, and, rate, square, it, reached, is, and, or, birth, exception, overall, croatia, various, dominated, croatia, inhabitants, segment, million, death, 68, on, in, the, demographic, birth, the

0, 1, 1, 15, 1850s, 1857, 1990s, 1991, 1991, 2, 2, 2018, 2021, 2021, 2022, 22, 3, 31st, 4, 4, 43, 64, 68, 7, 7, 78, 87, 93, according, age, age, analysed, and, and, and, are, at, at, at, aug, autumn, birth, birth, bureau, bureaus, by, by, census, census, censuses, censuses, characteristics, conducted, continuously, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatian, death, demographic, demographic, density, dominated, exceeded, exception, expectancy, female, fifth, final, following, fourth, from, gender, growth, had, has, has, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, inhabitants, intervals, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, its, kilometre, known, latest, life, males, median, million, million, million, natural, negative, normally, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, old, on, or, overall, peaked, per, per, performed, performed, permanent, population, population, population, population, population, population, population, population, published, rate, rate, rate, ratio, reached, results, rose, s, segment, september, since, since, since, square, stage, statistical, statistics, steadily, structure, taken, task, ten, terms, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, through, to, to, total, transition, two, until, various, wars, was, was, when, with, world, year, year, years

0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 7, 7, s, 15, 22, 43, 64, 68, 78, 87, 93, at, at, at, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, age, age, and, and, and, are, aug, had, has, has, its, old, per, per, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, was, 1857, 1991, 1991, 2018, 2021, 2021, 2022, 31st, from, life, rate, rate, rate, rose, task, this, wars, when, with, year, year, 1850s, 1990s, birth, birth, death, fifth, final, known, males, ratio, since, since, since, stage, taken, terms, total, until, world, years, autumn, bureau, census, census, female, fourth, gender, growth, latest, median, peaked, square, bureaus, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, density, million, million, million, natural, overall, reached, results, segment, through, various, analysed, censuses, censuses, croatian, exceeded, negative, normally, steadily, according, conducted, dominated, exception, following, intervals, kilometre, performed, performed, permanent, published, september, structure, expectancy, population, population, population, population, population, population, population, population, statistics, transition, demographic, demographic, inhabitants, statistical, continuously, characteristics


The politics of Croatia are defined by a parliamentary, representative democratic republic framework, where the Prime Minister of Croatia is the head of government in a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Government and the President of Croatia. Legislative power is vested in the Croatian Parliament (). The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Croatia on 22 December 1990 and decided to declare independence from Yugoslavia on 25 May 1991. The Constitutional Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Croatia
came into effect on 8 October 1991. The constitution has since been amended several times. The first modern parties in the country developed in the middle of the 19th century, and their agenda and appeal changed, reflecting major social changes, such as the breakup of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, dictatorship and social upheavals in the kingdom, World War II, the establishment of Communist rule and the breakup of the SFR Yugoslavia.

changed, december, in, minister, the, appeal, in, of, the, the, changes, may, defined, the, world, 8, croatia, croatia, the, of, 1991, 1990, major, representative, government, executive, yugoslavia, of, and, current, head, by, croatia, legislative, agenda, the, since, war, 22, and, of, from, the, and, slovenes, of, the, middle, croatia, on, croatian, is, the, republic, the, in, dictatorship, executive, the, breakup, several, as, austria, judiciary, party, yugoslavia, the, power, social, constitutional, october, by, is, the, is, and, sovereignty, to, exercised, decision, the, president, croats, the, establishment, are, parliamentary, serbs, and, croatia, in, ii, 1991, times, politics, constitution, power, developed, the, a, kingdom, came, of, the, multi, independence, hungary, 19th, their, framework, independence, declare, of, parliament, been, on, and, constitution, of, the, the, social, the, the, parliament, reflecting, breakup, upheavals, first, of, of, is, country, the, communist, has, the, kingdom, rule, vested, 25, of, and, on, legislature, democratic, in, of, government, century, such, and, and, the, independent, the, on, where, adopted, system, of, modern, prime, parties, into, a, amended, decided, sfr, republic, effect

1990, 1991, 1991, 19th, 22, 25, 8, a, a, adopted, agenda, amended, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, appeal, are, as, austria, been, breakup, breakup, by, by, came, century, changed, changes, communist, constitution, constitution, constitutional, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatian, croats, current, december, decided, decision, declare, defined, democratic, developed, dictatorship, effect, establishment, executive, executive, exercised, first, framework, from, government, government, has, head, hungary, ii, in, in, in, in, in, independence, independence, independent, into, is, is, is, is, judiciary, kingdom, kingdom, legislative, legislature, major, may, middle, minister, modern, multi, october, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, on, parliament, parliament, parliamentary, parties, party, politics, power, power, president, prime, reflecting, representative, republic, republic, rule, serbs, several, sfr, since, slovenes, social, social, sovereignty, such, system, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, times, to, upheavals, vested, war, where, world, yugoslavia, yugoslavia

8, a, a, 22, 25, as, by, by, ii, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, on, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, has, may, sfr, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, 1990, 1991, 1991, 19th, been, came, from, head, into, rule, such, first, major, multi, party, power, power, prime, serbs, since, their, times, where, world, agenda, appeal, croats, effect, middle, modern, social, social, system, vested, adopted, amended, austria, breakup, breakup, century, changed, changes, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, current, decided, declare, defined, hungary, kingdom, kingdom, october, parties, several, croatian, december, decision, minister, politics, republic, republic, slovenes, communist, developed, executive, executive, exercised, framework, judiciary, president, upheavals, democratic, government, government, parliament, parliament, reflecting, yugoslavia, yugoslavia, independent, legislative, legislature, sovereignty, constitution, constitution, dictatorship, independence, independence, establishment, parliamentary, constitutional, representative


The economy of Croatia is a high-income, service-based social market economy with the tertiary sector accounting for 70% of total gross domestic product (GDP).
Croatia has a fully integrated and globalized economy. Croatia's road to globalization started as soon as the country gained independence, with tourism as one of the country's core industries dependent on the global market. Croatia joined the World Trade Organization in 2000, NATO in 2009, has been a member of the European Union since 1 July 2013, and it finally joined the Eurozone and the Schengen Area on 1 January 2023. Croatia is also negotiating membership of OECD organization, which it hopes to join by 2025. Further integration into the EU structures will continue in the coming years, including participation in ESA, CERN as well as EEA membership in the next 24 months.

2023, eea, 2000, member, economy, in, eu, economy, 2013, tourism, globalized, negotiating, one, social, in, in, union, cern, esa, core, eurozone, trade, as, next, coming, joined, the, road, continue, the, nato, 2009, since, july, structures, a, the, also, to, in, independence, finally, months, tertiary, organization, the, the, s, 2025, croatia, market, gdp, income, hopes, a, which, as, with, sector, oecd, as, is, membership, global, as, the, european, of, of, the, integration, will, and, it, for, it, and, total, years, globalization, croatia, has, area, industries, service, of, 1, gained, market, dependent, 70, s, and, participation, by, croatia, to, accounting, gross, joined, including, the, january, world, product, on, the, the, based, country, with, well, soon, high, 1, has, croatia, the, integrated, organization, on, the, into, of, of, join, schengen, fully, as, croatia, started, domestic, is, country, been, in, a, economy, further, membership, 24

1, 1, 2000, 2009, 2013, 2023, 2025, 24, 70, a, a, a, accounting, also, and, and, and, area, as, as, as, as, as, based, been, by, cern, coming, continue, core, country, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, dependent, domestic, economy, economy, economy, eea, esa, eu, european, eurozone, finally, for, fully, further, gained, gdp, global, globalization, globalized, gross, has, has, high, hopes, in, in, in, in, in, including, income, independence, industries, integrated, integration, into, is, is, it, it, january, join, joined, joined, july, market, market, member, membership, membership, months, nato, negotiating, next, oecd, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, one, organization, organization, participation, product, road, s, s, schengen, sector, service, since, social, soon, started, structures, tertiary, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, total, tourism, trade, union, well, which, will, with, with, world, years

1, 1, a, a, a, s, s, 24, 70, as, as, as, as, as, by, eu, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, to, and, and, and, eea, esa, for, gdp, has, has, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 2000, 2009, 2013, 2023, 2025, also, area, been, cern, core, high, into, join, july, nato, next, oecd, road, soon, well, will, with, with, based, fully, gross, hopes, since, total, trade, union, which, world, years, coming, gained, global, income, joined, joined, market, market, member, months, sector, social, country, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, croatia, economy, economy, economy, finally, further, january, product, service, started, tourism, continue, domestic, european, eurozone, schengen, tertiary, dependent, including, accounting, globalized, industries, integrated, membership, membership, structures, integration, negotiating, independence, organization, organization, globalization, participation


Transport in Croatia relies on several main modes, including transport by car, train, ship and plane. Road transport incorporates a comprehensive network of state, county and local routes augmented by a network of highways for long-distance travelling. Water transport can be divided into sea, based on the ports of Rijeka, Ploče, Split and Zadar, and river transport, based on Sava, Danube and, to a lesser extent, Drava. Croatia has 9 international airports and several airlines, of which the most notable are Croatia Airlines and Trade Air. Rail network is fairly developed but regarding inter-city transport, bus tends to be far more common than the rail.

on, lesser, on, network, most, common, based, more, sava, a, plane, several, croatia, rail, split, long, augmented, and, tends, than, transport, county, airlines, main, airlines, highways, are, transport, and, and, the, rijeka, regarding, airports, transport, incorporates, ship, by, in, but, routes, river, sea, city, extent, can, and, croatia, transport, including, to, far, be, air, of, the, relies, trade, notable, a, several, by, and, divided, for, state, on, of, international, train, has, bus, comprehensive, distance, transport, into, developed, croatia, based, zadar, to, a, which, the, water, network, network, ploče, local, and, drava, travelling, be, of, fairly, modes, car, and, road, danube, rail, ports, 9, transport, inter, is, of

9, a, a, a, air, airlines, airlines, airports, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, augmented, based, based, be, be, bus, but, by, by, can, car, city, common, comprehensive, county, croatia, croatia, croatia, danube, developed, distance, divided, drava, extent, fairly, far, for, has, highways, in, including, incorporates, inter, international, into, is, lesser, local, long, main, modes, more, most, network, network, network, notable, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, plane, ploče, ports, rail, rail, regarding, relies, rijeka, river, road, routes, sava, sea, several, several, ship, split, state, tends, than, the, the, the, to, to, trade, train, transport, transport, transport, transport, transport, transport, travelling, water, which, zadar

9, a, a, a, be, be, by, by, in, is, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, to, to, air, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, bus, but, can, car, far, for, has, sea, the, the, the, city, into, long, main, more, most, rail, rail, road, sava, ship, than, based, based, drava, inter, local, modes, plane, ploče, ports, river, split, state, tends, trade, train, water, which, zadar, common, county, danube, extent, fairly, lesser, relies, rijeka, routes, croatia, croatia, croatia, divided, network, network, network, notable, several, several, airlines, airlines, airports, distance, highways, augmented, developed, including, regarding, transport, transport, transport, transport, transport, transport, travelling, incorporates, comprehensive, international


The Republic of Croatia is a sovereign country at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean that declared its independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. Croatia is a member of the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), Union for the Mediterranean and a number of other international organizations. Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 187 countries. The president and the Government, through the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, co-operate in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy.

wto, its, mediterranean, mediterranean, of, the, nations, yugoslavia, countries, is, of, in, formulation, eu, on, a, foreign, of, president, europe, 25, the, independence, croatia, and, co, southeast, world, government, european, crossroads, from, united, the, the, the, of, ministry, republic, organizations, 1991, council, number, croatia, the, 187, the, affairs, other, that, at, a, and, nato, central, june, croatia, country, international, and, established, the, sovereign, operate, union, a, of, and, the, european, un, of, implementation, the, declared, the, organization, foreign, through, policy, for, of, and, member, has, europe, with, is, union, diplomatic, relations, trade, europe

187, 1991, 25, a, a, a, affairs, and, and, and, and, and, at, central, co, council, countries, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, crossroads, declared, diplomatic, established, eu, europe, europe, europe, european, european, for, foreign, foreign, formulation, from, government, has, implementation, in, independence, international, is, is, its, june, mediterranean, mediterranean, member, ministry, nations, nato, number, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, operate, organization, organizations, other, policy, president, relations, republic, southeast, sovereign, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, through, trade, un, union, union, united, with, world, wto, yugoslavia

a, a, a, 25, at, co, eu, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, un, 187, and, and, and, and, and, for, has, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, wto, 1991, from, june, nato, that, with, other, trade, union, union, world, europe, europe, europe, member, number, policy, united, affairs, central, council, country, croatia, croatia, croatia, foreign, foreign, nations, operate, through, declared, european, european, ministry, republic, countries, president, relations, southeast, sovereign, crossroads, diplomatic, government, yugoslavia, established, formulation, independence, organization, international, mediterranean, mediterranean, organizations, implementation


Christopher Columbus mistakenly thought that Cuba was Cipango, the fabled country of wealth, pearls, precious stones, and spices that Marco Polo said was located approximately 1500 miles off the coast of India. As a result, he altered his course to the southwest, and on October 28, 1492, he landed in Cuba. The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Amerindian cultures prior to the arrival of the explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492.  After his arrival, Spain conquered Cuba and appointed Spanish governors to rule in Havana. The administrators in Cuba were subject to the Viceroy of New Spain and the local authorities in Hispaniola. In 1762–63, Havana was briefly occupied by Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions between 1868 and 1898, led by General Máximo Gómez, failed to end Spanish rule and claimed the lives of 49,000 Cuban guerrillas and 126,000 Spanish soldiers. However, the Spanish–American War resulted in a Spanish withdrawal from the island in 1898, and following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba gained formal independence in 1902.

that, island, columbus, us, spanish, to, spanish, end, and, southwest, spain, britain, american, 000, was, before, the, subject, 63, he, of, máximo, administrators, 49, 28, new, independence, explorer, prior, the, appointed, of, half, cuba, of, and, to, that, authorities, for, was, cuba, of, cultures, the, and, a, however, he, conquered, a, coast, and, 1902, fabled, lives, arrival, christopher, viceroy, christopher, 126, cuba, following, 1898, said, general, led, military, country, briefly, cuba, spain, his, the, spanish, approximately, to, failed, of, various, precious, gained, 1898, 000, of, 1492, in, soldiers, spanish, was, in, by, in, and, in, island, his, located, a, marco, resulted, three, claimed, florida, arrival, series, spanish, after, spain, altered, landed, the, 1762, subsequent, between, columbus, in, and, result, was, in, to, amerindian, occupied, thought, the, 1492, rule, on, the, governors, polo, from, inhabited, formal, gómez, years, off, local, by, to, and, havana, spices, rule, being, in, in, the, withdrawal, mistakenly, and, to, guerrillas, exchange, of, war, stones, cuban, in, rule, of, in, were, wealth, the, a, rebellions, cipango, as, cuba, october, havana, pearls, 1500, by, the, hispaniola, the, and, india, the, miles, course, cuba, returned, 1868

000, 000, 126, 1492, 1492, 1500, 1762, 1868, 1898, 1898, 1902, 28, 49, 63, a, a, a, a, administrators, after, altered, american, amerindian, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, appointed, approximately, arrival, arrival, as, authorities, before, being, between, briefly, britain, by, by, by, christopher, christopher, cipango, claimed, coast, columbus, columbus, conquered, country, course, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuban, cultures, end, exchange, explorer, fabled, failed, florida, following, for, formal, from, gained, general, governors, guerrillas, gómez, half, havana, havana, he, he, his, his, hispaniola, however, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, independence, india, inhabited, island, island, landed, led, lives, local, located, marco, miles, military, mistakenly, máximo, new, occupied, october, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, off, on, pearls, polo, precious, prior, rebellions, result, resulted, returned, rule, rule, rule, said, series, soldiers, southwest, spain, spain, spain, spanish, spanish, spanish, spanish, spanish, spices, stones, subject, subsequent, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, thought, three, to, to, to, to, to, to, us, various, viceroy, war, was, was, was, was, wealth, were, withdrawal, years

a, a, a, a, 28, 49, 63, as, by, by, by, he, he, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, to, to, us, 000, 000, 126, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, end, for, his, his, led, new, off, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, was, was, was, 1492, 1492, 1500, 1762, 1868, 1898, 1898, 1902, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, from, half, polo, rule, rule, rule, said, that, that, were, after, being, coast, cuban, gómez, india, lives, local, marco, miles, prior, spain, spain, spain, three, years, before, course, fabled, failed, formal, gained, havana, havana, island, island, landed, máximo, pearls, result, series, spices, stones, wealth, altered, arrival, arrival, between, briefly, britain, cipango, claimed, country, florida, general, however, located, october, spanish, spanish, spanish, spanish, spanish, subject, thought, various, viceroy, american, columbus, columbus, cultures, exchange, explorer, military, occupied, precious, resulted, returned, soldiers, appointed, conquered, following, governors, inhabited, southwest, amerindian, guerrillas, hispaniola, mistakenly, rebellions, subsequent, withdrawal, authorities, christopher, christopher, independence, approximately, administrators


The economy of Cuba is a mixed planned economy dominated by state-run enterprises. Most of the labor force is employed by the state. In the 1990s, the ruling Communist Party of Cuba encouraged the formation of worker co-operatives and self-employment. In the late 2010s, private property and free-market rights along with foreign direct investment were granted by the 2018 Cuban constitution. Foreign direct investment in various Cuban economic sectors increased before 2018. As of 2021, Cuba's private sector is allowed to operate in most sectors of the economy. , public-sector employment was 65%, and private-sector employment was 35%, compared to the 2000 ratio of 76% to 23% and the 1981 ratio of 91% to 8%. Investment is restricted and requires approval by the government. In 2021, Cuba ranked 83rd out of 191 on the Human Development Index in the high human development category. , the country's public debt comprised 35.3% of GDP, inflation (CDP) was 5.5%, and GDP growth was 3%. Housing and transportation costs are low. Cubans receive government-subsidized education, healthcare, and food subsidies.

cuba, of, and, out, development, 3, index, is, public, is, is, in, increased, employment, a, property, direct, 2021, 2021, in, before, development, foreign, education, 3, encouraged, and, private, dominated, on, allowed, sector, and, the, comprised, 2018, was, 5, and, was, was, to, by, receive, the, in, run, planned, the, ruling, by, party, investment, the, and, mixed, 23, subsidized, of, 1981, public, state, by, cuba, to, self, employed, subsidies, transportation, gdp, employment, operatives, were, of, human, 2010s, economy, inflation, the, communist, of, the, 8, economy, in, worker, labor, sector, are, of, 35, granted, co, to, 35, the, cdp, the, of, sector, enterprises, direct, 2000, government, private, debt, gdp, free, rights, the, of, investment, 1990s, formation, operate, of, category, sectors, 191, economic, constitution, cuba, 5, ratio, 76, late, force, market, the, 2018, is, most, and, food, cuba, most, human, cuban, economy, 83rd, cuban, in, of, as, costs, of, employment, along, s, the, with, country, 91, sectors, was, investment, and, 65, cubans, state, low, requires, ranked, high, in, s, approval, various, the, the, healthcare, compared, restricted, government, the, the, housing, private, foreign, to, and, growth, by, ratio

191, 1981, 1990s, 2000, 2010s, 2018, 2018, 2021, 2021, 23, 3, 3, 35, 35, 5, 5, 65, 76, 8, 83rd, 91, a, allowed, along, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, approval, are, as, before, by, by, by, by, category, cdp, co, communist, compared, comprised, constitution, costs, country, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuban, cuban, cubans, debt, development, development, direct, direct, dominated, economic, economy, economy, economy, education, employed, employment, employment, employment, encouraged, enterprises, food, force, foreign, foreign, formation, free, gdp, gdp, government, government, granted, growth, healthcare, high, housing, human, human, in, in, in, in, in, in, increased, index, inflation, investment, investment, investment, is, is, is, is, labor, late, low, market, mixed, most, most, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, operate, operatives, out, party, planned, private, private, private, property, public, public, ranked, ratio, ratio, receive, requires, restricted, rights, ruling, run, s, s, sector, sector, sector, sectors, sectors, self, state, state, subsidies, subsidized, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, transportation, various, was, was, was, was, were, with, worker

3, 3, 5, 5, 8, a, s, s, 23, 35, 35, 65, 76, 91, as, by, by, by, by, co, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, 191, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, cdp, gdp, gdp, low, out, run, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, 1981, 2000, 2018, 2018, 2021, 2021, 83rd, cuba, cuba, cuba, cuba, debt, food, free, high, late, most, most, self, were, with, 1990s, 2010s, along, costs, cuban, cuban, force, human, human, index, labor, mixed, party, ratio, ratio, state, state, before, cubans, direct, direct, growth, market, public, public, ranked, rights, ruling, sector, sector, sector, worker, allowed, country, economy, economy, economy, foreign, foreign, granted, housing, operate, planned, private, private, private, receive, sectors, sectors, various, approval, category, compared, economic, employed, property, requires, communist, comprised, dominated, education, formation, increased, inflation, subsidies, employment, employment, employment, encouraged, government, government, healthcare, investment, investment, investment, operatives, restricted, subsidized, development, development, enterprises, constitution, transportation


Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, south of the Anatolian Peninsula and east of the Levant. It is geographically in Western Asia, but its cultural ties and geopolitics are overwhelmingly Southeastern European. Cyprus is the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean. It is located north of Egypt, east of Greece, south of Turkey, and west of Lebanon and Syria. Its capital and largest city is Nicosia. The northeast portion of the island is de facto governed by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

syria, city, levant, western, of, and, overwhelmingly, de, governed, and, portion, the, its, southeastern, cyprus, west, the, it, is, by, is, republic, is, in, in, third, anatolian, and, the, an, the, turkish, european, declared, of, geographically, nicosia, populous, peninsula, north, of, ties, third, island, the, cyprus, located, cultural, largest, asia, but, in, are, and, east, mediterranean, east, northeast, cyprus, south, egypt, located, island, is, the, most, of, sea, eastern, self, country, cyprus, island, of, turkey, its, of, republic, lebanon, and, and, of, largest, geopolitics, of, is, capital, of, mediterranean, is, the, facto, south, it, greece, the, the, officially, northern

an, anatolian, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, asia, but, by, capital, city, country, cultural, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, de, declared, east, east, eastern, egypt, european, facto, geographically, geopolitics, governed, greece, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, island, island, island, it, it, its, its, largest, largest, lebanon, levant, located, located, mediterranean, mediterranean, most, nicosia, north, northeast, northern, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, officially, overwhelmingly, peninsula, populous, portion, republic, republic, sea, self, south, south, southeastern, syria, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, third, third, ties, turkey, turkish, west, western

an, by, de, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, but, its, its, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, asia, city, east, east, most, self, ties, west, egypt, facto, north, south, south, syria, third, third, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, greece, island, island, island, levant, turkey, capital, country, eastern, largest, largest, lebanon, located, located, nicosia, portion, turkish, western, cultural, declared, european, governed, northern, populous, republic, republic, anatolian, northeast, peninsula, officially, geopolitics, southeastern, mediterranean, mediterranean, geographically, overwhelmingly


Cyprus is an island country in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean, after the Italian islands of Sicily and Sardinia, and the 80th-largest island in the world by area. It is located south of the Anatolian Peninsula, yet it belongs to the Cyprus Arc. Geographically, Cyprus is located in West Asia, but the country is considered a European country in political geography. Cyprus also had lengthy periods of mainly Greek and intermittent Anatolian, Levantine, Byzantine, Turkish, and Western European influence.

sicily, is, turkish, area, is, but, anatolian, is, influence, is, and, cyprus, the, cyprus, of, and, after, anatolian, the, an, cyprus, of, the, asia, in, in, geography, located, byzantine, in, basin, country, the, arc, mainly, of, and, in, geographically, periods, sardinia, of, belongs, country, eastern, south, to, is, considered, had, and, levantine, country, intermittent, greek, western, peninsula, islands, italian, largest, mediterranean, also, third, lengthy, island, in, the, largest, island, it, sea, island, the, the, the, european, political, the, world, cyprus, yet, located, mediterranean, a, the, it, west, it, by, 80th, european

80th, a, after, also, an, anatolian, anatolian, and, and, and, and, arc, area, asia, basin, belongs, but, by, byzantine, considered, country, country, country, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, eastern, european, european, geographically, geography, greek, had, in, in, in, in, in, influence, intermittent, is, is, is, is, is, island, island, island, islands, it, it, it, italian, largest, largest, lengthy, levantine, located, located, mainly, mediterranean, mediterranean, of, of, of, of, peninsula, periods, political, sardinia, sea, sicily, south, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, third, to, turkish, west, western, world, yet

a, an, by, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, and, arc, but, had, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, yet, 80th, also, area, asia, west, after, basin, greek, south, third, world, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, cyprus, island, island, island, mainly, sicily, belongs, country, country, country, eastern, islands, italian, largest, largest, lengthy, located, located, periods, turkish, western, european, european, sardinia, anatolian, anatolian, byzantine, geography, influence, levantine, peninsula, political, considered, intermittent, mediterranean, mediterranean, geographically


Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is a fatal degenerative brain disorder. Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. Later symptoms include dementia, involuntary movements, blindness, weakness, and coma. About 70% of people die within a year of diagnosis. The name Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease was introduced by Walther Spielmeyer in 1922, after the German neurologists Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt and Alfons Maria Jakob.

die, a, jakob, as, coma, also, year, symptoms, involuntary, after, subacute, of, is, spielmeyer, include, later, early, fatal, creutzfeldt, known, problems, degenerative, a, blindness, german, due, disorder, prion, weakness, symptoms, disorder, maria, within, include, gerhard, and, disease, changes, about, creutzfeldt, disease, jakob, or, coordination, people, 1922, memory, introduced, diagnosis, by, in, poor, spongiform, encephalopathy, visual, movements, alfons, behavioral, hans, to, and, cjd, the, jakob, walther, neurologists, the, neurocognitive, and, dementia, disturbances, name, was, of, 70, brain, disease, creutzfeldt

1922, 70, a, a, about, after, alfons, also, and, and, and, as, behavioral, blindness, brain, by, changes, cjd, coma, coordination, creutzfeldt, creutzfeldt, creutzfeldt, degenerative, dementia, diagnosis, die, disease, disease, disease, disorder, disorder, disturbances, due, early, encephalopathy, fatal, gerhard, german, hans, in, include, include, introduced, involuntary, is, jakob, jakob, jakob, known, later, maria, memory, movements, name, neurocognitive, neurologists, of, of, or, people, poor, prion, problems, spielmeyer, spongiform, subacute, symptoms, symptoms, the, the, to, visual, walther, was, weakness, within, year

a, a, 70, as, by, in, is, of, of, or, to, and, and, and, cjd, die, due, the, the, was, 1922, also, coma, hans, name, poor, year, about, after, brain, early, fatal, jakob, jakob, jakob, known, later, maria, prion, alfons, german, memory, people, visual, within, changes, disease, disease, disease, gerhard, include, include, walther, dementia, disorder, disorder, problems, subacute, symptoms, symptoms, weakness, blindness, diagnosis, movements, behavioral, introduced, spielmeyer, spongiform, creutzfeldt, creutzfeldt, creutzfeldt, involuntary, coordination, degenerative, disturbances, neurologists, encephalopathy, neurocognitive


Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes with input from linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, computer science/artificial intelligence, and anthropology. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Cognitive scientists study intelligence and behavior, with a focus on how nervous systems represent, process, and transform information. Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include language, perception, memory, attention, reasoning, and emotion; to understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as linguistics, psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, neuroscience, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."

from, and, science, and, scientists, the, to, cognitive, and, and, the, structures, computer, fields, cognitive, the, one, anthropology, anthropology, of, analysis, artificial, circuitry, study, faculties, borrow, those, behavior, structures, organization, scientists, the, the, on, decision, to, intelligence, in, nature, neural, how, focus, operate, as, science, philosophy, of, its, represent, of, is, of, philosophy, mind, on, cognitive, be, process, include, faculties, examines, cognition, computational, and, psychology, cognitive, in, with, representational, mind, understood, concepts, of, sense, tasks, neuroscience, organization, that, understand, intelligence, science, with, learning, linguistics, perception, of, logic, fundamental, that, many, reasoning, transform, scientific, spans, from, concern, such, memory, attention, and, procedures, planning, artificial, neuroscience, mental, a, language, information, science, and, thinking, modular, nervous, functions, psychology, the, the, a, cognitive, to, to, can, input, scientists, in, study, of, terms, is, emotion, interdisciplinary, cognitive, these, from, broad, from, and, of, systems, and, the, processes, intelligence, brain, linguistics, typical, it, and, levels, best

a, a, analysis, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, anthropology, anthropology, artificial, artificial, as, attention, be, behavior, best, borrow, brain, broad, can, circuitry, cognition, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, computational, computer, concepts, concern, decision, emotion, examines, faculties, faculties, fields, focus, from, from, from, from, functions, fundamental, how, in, in, in, include, information, input, intelligence, intelligence, intelligence, interdisciplinary, is, is, it, its, language, learning, levels, linguistics, linguistics, logic, many, memory, mental, mind, mind, modular, nature, nervous, neural, neuroscience, neuroscience, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, one, operate, organization, organization, perception, philosophy, philosophy, planning, procedures, process, processes, psychology, psychology, reasoning, represent, representational, science, science, science, science, scientific, scientists, scientists, scientists, sense, spans, structures, structures, study, study, such, systems, tasks, terms, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, these, thinking, those, to, to, to, to, transform, typical, understand, understood, with, with

a, a, as, be, in, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, can, how, its, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, best, from, from, from, from, many, mind, mind, such, that, that, with, with, brain, broad, focus, input, logic, sense, spans, study, study, tasks, terms, these, those, borrow, fields, levels, memory, mental, nature, neural, concern, emotion, include, modular, nervous, operate, process, science, science, science, science, systems, typical, analysis, behavior, computer, concepts, decision, examines, language, learning, planning, thinking, attention, circuitry, cognition, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, cognitive, faculties, faculties, functions, processes, reasoning, represent, transform, artificial, artificial, perception, philosophy, philosophy, procedures, psychology, psychology, scientific, scientists, scientists, scientists, structures, structures, understand, understood, fundamental, information, linguistics, linguistics, anthropology, anthropology, intelligence, intelligence, intelligence, neuroscience, neuroscience, organization, organization, computational, representational, interdisciplinary


A chemist (from Greek chēm(ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchemist) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, chemical reaction rates, and other chemical properties. In Commonwealth English, pharmacists are often called chemists.

and, terms, and, carefully, quantities, matter, substance, level, chemists, the, scientist, in, properties, chymist, and, chēm, a, often, reaction, latin, atoms, are, chemical, study, the, component, its, chemistry, pharmacists, replacing, chemists, other, of, greek, properties, measure, carefully, rates, alchemist, the, they, of, molecules, with, the, detail, study, of, trained, from, in, chemical, ía, properties, chemist, called, of, composition, is, alchemy, medieval, describe, english, chemists, their, a, from, study, in, chemists, on, commonwealth, proportions

a, a, alchemist, alchemy, and, and, and, are, atoms, called, carefully, carefully, chemical, chemical, chemist, chemistry, chemists, chemists, chemists, chemists, chymist, chēm, commonwealth, component, composition, describe, detail, english, from, from, greek, in, in, in, is, its, latin, level, matter, measure, medieval, molecules, of, of, of, of, often, on, other, pharmacists, properties, properties, properties, proportions, quantities, rates, reaction, replacing, scientist, study, study, study, substance, terms, the, the, the, the, their, they, trained, with, ía

a, a, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, on, ía, and, and, and, are, its, the, the, the, the, chēm, from, from, they, with, atoms, greek, latin, level, often, other, rates, study, study, study, terms, their, called, detail, matter, alchemy, chemist, chymist, english, measure, trained, chemical, chemical, chemists, chemists, chemists, chemists, describe, medieval, reaction, alchemist, carefully, carefully, chemistry, component, molecules, replacing, scientist, substance, properties, properties, properties, quantities, composition, pharmacists, proportions, commonwealth


Cypress Hill is an American hip hop group from South Gate, California, formed in 1988. They have sold over 20 million albums worldwide, and they have obtained multi-platinum and platinum certifications. The group has been critically acclaimed for their first five albums. They are considered to be among the main progenitors of West Coast hip hop and 1990s hip hop. All of the group members advocate for medical and recreational use of cannabis in the United States. In 2019, Cypress Hill became the first hip hop group to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

hip, hip, progenitors, in, and, of, 1990s, fame, has, is, hill, the, group, certifications, they, have, 20, group, and, have, cannabis, hop, platinum, of, the, star, medical, group, over, formed, been, worldwide, main, million, hollywood, west, coast, the, to, all, hip, acclaimed, of, hop, cypress, for, hip, platinum, and, group, a, hop, in, critically, albums, are, walk, an, be, states, became, considered, united, the, obtained, on, cypress, in, for, of, members, advocate, recreational, albums, south, their, to, gate, use, american, hop, from, among, california, sold, first, they, they, first, five, multi, and, have, the, 2019, hill, the, 1988

1988, 1990s, 20, 2019, a, acclaimed, advocate, albums, albums, all, american, among, an, and, and, and, and, are, be, became, been, california, cannabis, certifications, coast, considered, critically, cypress, cypress, fame, first, first, five, for, for, formed, from, gate, group, group, group, group, has, have, have, have, hill, hill, hip, hip, hip, hip, hollywood, hop, hop, hop, hop, in, in, in, is, main, medical, members, million, multi, obtained, of, of, of, of, on, over, platinum, platinum, progenitors, recreational, sold, south, star, states, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, they, they, they, to, to, united, use, walk, west, worldwide

a, 20, an, be, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, all, and, and, and, and, are, for, for, has, hip, hip, hip, hip, hop, hop, hop, hop, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, 1988, 2019, been, fame, five, from, gate, have, have, have, hill, hill, main, over, sold, star, they, they, they, walk, west, 1990s, among, coast, first, first, group, group, group, group, multi, south, their, albums, albums, became, formed, states, united, cypress, cypress, medical, members, million, advocate, american, cannabis, obtained, platinum, platinum, acclaimed, hollywood, worldwide, california, considered, critically, progenitors, recreational, certifications


Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion does not always result in fire, because a flame is only visible when substances undergoing combustion vaporize, but when it does, a flame is a characteristic indicator of the reaction. While activation energy must be supplied to initiate combustion (e.g., using a lit match to light a fire), the heat from a flame may provide enough energy to make the reaction self-sustaining.

initiate, to, activation, to, combustion, the, heat, flame, does, usually, while, atmospheric, to, high, oxygen, enough, be, combustion, a, fire, energy, a, provide, termed, indicator, chemical, lit, flame, e, mixture, undergoing, temperature, of, often, in, a, the, a, must, may, combustion, does, a, when, a, self, a, reductant, as, make, fire, when, always, products, from, the, a, that, light, supplied, oxidant, g, because, an, is, reaction, gaseous, match, using, sustaining, combustion, reaction, in, not, visible, result, redox, energy, only, a, but, characteristic, oxidized, the, or, burning, is, it, fuel, and, produces, exothermic, between, smoke, is, substances, vaporize, reaction, flame

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, activation, always, an, and, as, atmospheric, be, because, between, burning, but, characteristic, chemical, combustion, combustion, combustion, combustion, does, does, e, energy, energy, enough, exothermic, fire, fire, flame, flame, flame, from, fuel, g, gaseous, heat, high, in, in, indicator, initiate, is, is, is, it, light, lit, make, match, may, mixture, must, not, of, often, only, or, oxidant, oxidized, oxygen, produces, products, provide, reaction, reaction, reaction, redox, reductant, result, self, smoke, substances, supplied, sustaining, temperature, termed, that, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, undergoing, using, usually, vaporize, visible, when, when, while

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, e, g, an, as, be, in, in, is, is, is, it, of, or, to, to, to, and, but, lit, may, not, the, the, the, the, does, does, fire, fire, from, fuel, heat, high, make, must, only, self, that, when, when, flame, flame, flame, light, match, often, redox, smoke, using, while, always, energy, energy, enough, oxygen, result, termed, because, between, burning, gaseous, mixture, oxidant, provide, usually, visible, chemical, initiate, oxidized, produces, products, reaction, reaction, reaction, supplied, vaporize, indicator, reductant, activation, combustion, combustion, combustion, combustion, exothermic, substances, sustaining, undergoing, atmospheric, temperature, characteristic


The Channel Islands are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They are divided into two Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. Historically, they are the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy. Although they are not part of the United Kingdom, the UK is currently responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. The Crown Dependencies are neither members of the Commonwealth of Nations, nor part of the European Union. They have a total population of about , and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 18,207 respectively.

they, and, the, off, kingdom, and, the, bailiwick, european, of, respectively, part, the, relations, islands, currently, guernsey, uk, 500, have, the, of, of, capitals, consisting, jersey, archipelago, of, duchy, nor, are, a, of, divided, they, herm, 18, and, islands, is, 207, normandy, sark, the, channel, crown, and, the, international, the, the, the, the, coast, of, saint, some, of, which, of, historically, members, in, two, normandy, dependencies, is, alderney, nations, part, an, and, channel, of, into, total, are, peter, dependencies, commonwealth, are, helier, about, bailiwick, crown, islands, smaller, islands, neither, guernsey, of, responsible, of, have, the, bailiwicks, they, saint, the, united, largest, are, the, are, defence, french, port, although, remnants, and, populations, union, of, of, they, of, the, 33, english, the, not, for, population, the, the

18, 207, 33, 500, a, about, alderney, although, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, archipelago, are, are, are, are, are, bailiwick, bailiwick, bailiwicks, capitals, channel, channel, coast, commonwealth, consisting, crown, crown, currently, defence, dependencies, dependencies, divided, duchy, english, european, for, french, guernsey, guernsey, have, have, helier, herm, historically, in, international, into, is, is, islands, islands, islands, islands, jersey, kingdom, largest, members, nations, neither, nor, normandy, normandy, not, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, off, part, part, peter, population, populations, port, relations, remnants, respectively, responsible, saint, saint, sark, smaller, some, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, they, they, they, they, total, two, uk, union, united, which

a, 18, 33, an, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, uk, 207, 500, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, are, are, for, nor, not, off, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, have, have, herm, into, part, part, port, sark, some, they, they, they, they, about, coast, crown, crown, duchy, peter, saint, saint, total, union, which, french, helier, jersey, united, channel, channel, defence, divided, english, islands, islands, islands, islands, kingdom, largest, members, nations, neither, smaller, alderney, although, capitals, european, guernsey, guernsey, normandy, normandy, remnants, bailiwick, bailiwick, currently, relations, bailiwicks, consisting, population, archipelago, populations, responsible, commonwealth, dependencies, dependencies, historically, respectively, international


A comedy film is a category of film which emphasizes on humor. These films are designed to make the audience laugh in amusement. Films in this style traditionally have a happy ending (dark comedy being an exception to this rule). Comedy is one of the oldest genres in film and it is derived from classical comedy in theatre. Some of the earliest silent films were comedies such as slapstick comedy which often relies on visual depictions, such as sight gags and pratfalls, so they can be enjoyed without requiring sound. To provide drama and excitement to silent movies, live music was played in sync with the action on the screen, by pianos, organs, and other instruments. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films grew in popularity, as laughter could result from both burlesque situations but now also from humorous dialogue.

classical, gags, films, during, is, to, from, comedy, on, with, was, depictions, this, ending, 1920s, in, an, comedy, when, film, without, other, films, dialogue, could, more, the, in, on, make, the, grew, earliest, played, the, be, visual, is, comedy, in, the, happy, such, and, a, but, music, have, to, situations, relies, humor, which, provide, drama, organs, in, both, and, of, from, by, oldest, being, movies, is, as, excitement, and, also, prevalent, one, traditionally, from, as, such, laughter, exception, designed, in, humorous, silent, audience, burlesque, this, enjoyed, are, screen, pianos, to, so, silent, films, comedies, the, these, comedy, which, comedy, style, the, amusement, sound, it, genres, dark, films, now, films, on, slapstick, film, some, to, as, sound, of, derived, in, a, action, often, comedy, of, can, they, popularity, were, rule, sight, instruments, requiring, theatre, category, result, laugh, live, a, became, emphasizes, sync, and, film, pratfalls

1920s, a, a, a, action, also, amusement, an, and, and, and, and, are, as, as, as, audience, be, became, being, both, burlesque, but, by, can, category, classical, comedies, comedy, comedy, comedy, comedy, comedy, comedy, could, dark, depictions, derived, designed, dialogue, drama, during, earliest, emphasizes, ending, enjoyed, exception, excitement, film, film, film, films, films, films, films, films, from, from, from, gags, genres, grew, happy, have, humor, humorous, in, in, in, in, in, in, instruments, is, is, is, it, laugh, laughter, live, make, more, movies, music, now, of, of, of, often, oldest, on, on, on, one, organs, other, pianos, played, popularity, pratfalls, prevalent, provide, relies, requiring, result, rule, screen, sight, silent, silent, situations, slapstick, so, some, sound, sound, style, such, such, sync, the, the, the, the, the, the, theatre, these, they, this, this, to, to, to, to, traditionally, visual, was, were, when, which, which, with, without

a, a, a, an, as, as, as, be, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, on, on, on, so, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, are, but, can, now, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, also, both, dark, film, film, film, from, from, from, gags, grew, have, live, make, more, rule, some, such, such, sync, they, this, this, were, when, with, 1920s, being, could, drama, films, films, films, films, films, happy, humor, laugh, music, often, other, sight, sound, sound, style, these, which, which, action, became, comedy, comedy, comedy, comedy, comedy, comedy, during, ending, genres, movies, oldest, organs, pianos, played, relies, result, screen, silent, silent, visual, derived, enjoyed, provide, theatre, without, audience, category, comedies, designed, dialogue, earliest, humorous, laughter, amusement, burlesque, classical, exception, pratfalls, prevalent, requiring, slapstick, depictions, emphasizes, excitement, popularity, situations, instruments, traditionally


A cult film or cult movie, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film that has acquired a cult following. Cult films are known for their dedicated, passionate fanbase which forms an elaborate subculture, members of which engage in repeated viewings, dialogue-quoting, and audience participation. Inclusive definitions allow for major studio productions, especially box-office bombs, while exclusive definitions focus more on obscure, transgressive films shunned by the mainstream. The difficulty in defining the term and subjectivity of what qualifies as a cult film mirror classificatory disputes about art. The term cult film itself was first used in the 1970s to describe the culture that surrounded underground films and midnight movies, though cult was in common use in film analysis for decades prior to that.

subjectivity, a, as, has, forms, quoting, film, a, to, movies, term, is, term, film, qualifies, exclusive, underground, members, of, first, the, their, focus, and, as, analysis, which, bombs, film, 1970s, surrounded, films, about, though, especially, allow, art, following, for, cult, mainstream, the, known, cult, decades, shunned, obscure, to, films, by, mirror, viewings, prior, use, an, the, in, more, definitions, the, dedicated, a, fanbase, acquired, what, was, cult, itself, while, to, film, dialogue, the, or, definitions, that, productions, subculture, cult, was, and, elaborate, in, used, major, in, repeated, cult, box, transgressive, defining, disputes, common, a, the, of, that, also, culture, participation, commonly, a, studio, which, on, midnight, films, cult, for, classificatory, film, movie, audience, and, office, describe, in, referred, are, that, inclusive, cult, difficulty, passionate, in, engage, for, classic, cult

1970s, a, a, a, a, a, about, acquired, allow, also, an, analysis, and, and, and, are, art, as, as, audience, bombs, box, by, classic, classificatory, common, commonly, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, culture, decades, dedicated, defining, definitions, definitions, describe, dialogue, difficulty, disputes, elaborate, engage, especially, exclusive, fanbase, film, film, film, film, film, films, films, films, first, focus, following, for, for, for, forms, has, in, in, in, in, in, inclusive, is, itself, known, mainstream, major, members, midnight, mirror, more, movie, movies, obscure, of, of, office, on, or, participation, passionate, prior, productions, qualifies, quoting, referred, repeated, shunned, studio, subculture, subjectivity, surrounded, term, term, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, though, to, to, to, transgressive, underground, use, used, viewings, was, was, what, which, which, while

a, a, a, a, a, an, as, as, by, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, on, or, to, to, to, and, and, and, are, art, box, for, for, for, has, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, was, also, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, cult, film, film, film, film, film, more, term, term, that, that, that, used, what, 1970s, about, allow, bombs, films, films, films, first, focus, forms, known, major, movie, prior, their, which, which, while, common, engage, itself, mirror, movies, office, studio, though, classic, culture, decades, fanbase, members, obscure, quoting, shunned, acquired, analysis, audience, commonly, defining, describe, dialogue, disputes, midnight, referred, repeated, viewings, dedicated, elaborate, exclusive, following, inclusive, qualifies, difficulty, especially, mainstream, passionate, subculture, surrounded, definitions, definitions, productions, underground, subjectivity, participation, transgressive, classificatory


Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the Turkish capital then moved to Ankara. Officially renamed Istanbul in the 1920s, the city is today the largest city and financial centre of Turkey and the largest city in Europe, straddling the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia.

today, to, the, centre, the, constantinople, war, empire, of, is, latin, empire, turkish, following, renamed, 1453, remained, city, istanbul, strait, eastern, and, the, empire, moved, the, the, and, the, of, the, 1920s, 1204, capital, constantinople, century, 1922, the, other, of, 330, in, asia, the, bosporus, of, names, in, during, turkish, became, 1261, and, 1204, also, the, western, 5th, late, roman, largest, reign, see, in, the, then, europe, roman, both, the, in, the, in, constantine, collapse, lying, great, roman, financial, ankara, the, the, 1261, the, turkey, city, known, europe, ottoman, of, and, 1453, empire, following, empire, as, of, capital, officially, the, 330, city, empire, and, byzantine, independence, the, largest, capital, the, straddling

1204, 1204, 1261, 1261, 1453, 1453, 1920s, 1922, 330, 330, 5th, also, and, and, and, and, and, ankara, as, asia, became, bosporus, both, byzantine, capital, capital, capital, centre, century, city, city, city, collapse, constantine, constantinople, constantinople, during, eastern, empire, empire, empire, empire, empire, empire, europe, europe, financial, following, following, great, in, in, in, in, in, independence, is, istanbul, known, largest, largest, late, latin, lying, moved, names, of, of, of, of, of, of, officially, other, ottoman, reign, remained, renamed, roman, roman, roman, see, straddling, strait, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, to, today, turkey, turkish, turkish, war, western

as, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, 330, 330, 5th, and, and, and, and, and, see, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, 1204, 1204, 1261, 1261, 1453, 1453, 1922, also, asia, both, city, city, city, late, then, 1920s, great, known, latin, lying, moved, names, other, reign, roman, roman, roman, today, ankara, became, centre, during, empire, empire, empire, empire, empire, empire, europe, europe, strait, turkey, capital, capital, capital, century, eastern, largest, largest, ottoman, renamed, turkish, turkish, western, bosporus, collapse, istanbul, remained, byzantine, financial, following, following, officially, straddling, constantine, independence, constantinople, constantinople


Caspar David Friedrich (5 September 1774 – 7 May 1840) was a German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation. He is best known for his allegorical landscapes, which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. His primary interest was the contemplation of nature, and his often symbolic and anti-classical work seeks to convey a subjective, emotional response to the natural world. Friedrich's paintings characteristically set a human presence in diminished perspective amid expansive landscapes, reducing the figures to a scale that, according to the art historian Christopher John Murray, directs "the viewer's gaze towards their metaphysical dimension".

and, viewer, diminished, contemplative, john, september, was, according, night, contemplation, classical, s, david, historian, emotional, figures, most, natural, towards, a, romantic, which, response, the, of, for, reducing, the, expansive, landscapes, metaphysical, gothic, art, and, the, christopher, primary, world, morning, trees, their, set, 1774, barren, generally, 7, is, a, 5, amid, ruins, the, a, his, friedrich, gaze, scale, to, human, german, important, his, or, subjective, directs, anti, work, was, the, symbolic, his, of, painter, may, friedrich, landscape, landscapes, s, considered, paintings, 1840, the, generation, seeks, artist, silhouetted, mists, known, feature, in, to, typically, allegorical, to, nature, caspar, that, against, perspective, dimension, german, best, presence, figures, skies, murray, to, often, convey, characteristically, a, interest, he, his

1774, 1840, 5, 7, a, a, a, a, according, against, allegorical, amid, and, and, anti, art, artist, barren, best, caspar, characteristically, christopher, classical, considered, contemplation, contemplative, convey, david, dimension, diminished, directs, emotional, expansive, feature, figures, figures, for, friedrich, friedrich, gaze, generally, generation, german, german, gothic, he, his, his, his, his, historian, human, important, in, interest, is, john, known, landscape, landscapes, landscapes, may, metaphysical, mists, morning, most, murray, natural, nature, night, of, of, often, or, painter, paintings, perspective, presence, primary, reducing, response, romantic, ruins, s, s, scale, seeks, september, set, silhouetted, skies, subjective, symbolic, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, to, to, to, to, towards, trees, typically, viewer, was, was, which, work, world

5, 7, a, a, a, a, s, s, he, in, is, of, of, or, to, to, to, to, and, and, art, for, his, his, his, his, may, set, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1774, 1840, amid, anti, best, gaze, john, most, that, work, david, human, known, mists, night, often, ruins, scale, seeks, skies, their, trees, which, world, artist, barren, caspar, convey, german, german, gothic, murray, nature, viewer, against, directs, feature, figures, figures, morning, natural, painter, primary, towards, interest, presence, reducing, response, romantic, symbolic, according, classical, dimension, emotional, expansive, friedrich, friedrich, generally, historian, important, landscape, paintings, september, typically, considered, diminished, generation, landscapes, landscapes, subjective, allegorical, christopher, perspective, silhouetted, metaphysical, contemplation, contemplative, characteristically