APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages.

inspired, the, an, code, is, computer, other, a, spreadsheets, book, graphic, programming, named, been, uses, range, languages, language, the, apl, on, important, it, leading, of, functions, modeling, programming, array, in, and, special, operators, concept, math, symbols, has, several, packages, its, most, e, also, language, of, large, is, 1960s, datatype, influence, after, central, developed, concise, very, to, kenneth, by, the, to, development, programming, iverson, a, functional, the, it, multidimensional, and, represent, it, has, programming, a

1960s, a, a, a, after, also, an, and, and, apl, array, been, book, by, central, code, computer, concept, concise, datatype, developed, development, e, functional, functions, graphic, has, has, important, in, influence, inspired, is, is, it, it, it, its, iverson, kenneth, language, language, languages, large, leading, math, modeling, most, multidimensional, named, of, of, on, operators, other, packages, programming, programming, programming, programming, range, represent, several, special, spreadsheets, symbols, the, the, the, the, to, to, uses, very

a, a, a, e, an, by, in, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, on, to, to, and, and, apl, has, has, its, the, the, the, the, also, been, book, code, math, most, uses, very, 1960s, after, array, large, named, other, range, central, concept, concise, graphic, iverson, kenneth, leading, several, special, symbols, computer, datatype, inspired, language, language, modeling, packages, developed, functions, important, influence, languages, operators, represent, functional, development, programming, programming, programming, programming, spreadsheets, multidimensional


ALGOL (; short for "Algorithmic Language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in 1958. ALGOL heavily influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years.

machinery, years, short, computer, the, language, used, programming, 1958, algol, is, in, of, developed, academic, languages, a, algorithm, and, than, for, method, originally, textbooks, and, association, algol, for, by, in, languages, influenced, was, other, sources, for, family, computing, acm, standard, for, heavily, thirty, the, more, algorithmic, many, imperative, description

1958, a, academic, acm, algol, algol, algorithm, algorithmic, and, and, association, by, computer, computing, description, developed, family, for, for, for, for, heavily, imperative, in, in, influenced, is, language, languages, languages, machinery, many, method, more, of, originally, other, programming, short, sources, standard, textbooks, than, the, the, thirty, used, was, years

a, by, in, in, is, of, acm, and, and, for, for, for, for, the, the, was, 1958, many, more, than, used, algol, algol, other, short, years, family, method, thirty, heavily, sources, academic, computer, language, standard, algorithm, computing, developed, languages, languages, machinery, textbooks, imperative, influenced, originally, algorithmic, association, description, programming


In Nordic mythology, Asgard (Old Norse: Ásgarðr ; "enclosure of the Æsir") is a location associated with the gods. It appears in a multitude of Old Norse sagas and mythological texts. It is described as the fortified home of the Æsir gods, often associated with gold imagery. Many of the best-known Nordic gods are Æsir or live in Asgard such as Odin, Thor, Loki, and Baldr.

the, gods, ásgarðr, odin, a, asgard, old, with, of, sagas, as, location, nordic, enclosure, thor, described, and, the, the, loki, often, multitude, mythological, appears, norse, the, gods, home, known, æsir, gold, are, texts, is, the, is, asgard, in, of, and, æsir, gods, of, æsir, associated, live, in, many, in, it, a, of, or, best, associated, baldr, as, such, it, old, nordic, norse, fortified, with, mythology, imagery

a, a, and, and, appears, are, as, as, asgard, asgard, associated, associated, baldr, best, described, enclosure, fortified, gods, gods, gods, gold, home, imagery, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, known, live, location, loki, many, multitude, mythological, mythology, nordic, nordic, norse, norse, odin, of, of, of, of, often, old, old, or, sagas, such, texts, the, the, the, the, the, thor, with, with, ásgarðr, æsir, æsir, æsir

a, a, as, as, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, or, and, and, are, old, old, the, the, the, the, the, best, gods, gods, gods, gold, home, live, loki, many, odin, such, thor, with, with, æsir, æsir, æsir, baldr, known, norse, norse, often, sagas, texts, asgard, asgard, nordic, nordic, appears, imagery, ásgarðr, location, described, enclosure, fortified, multitude, mythology, associated, associated, mythological


The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic tribes on the Upper Rhine River during the first millennium. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Roman emperor Caracalla of 213, the Alemanni captured the  in 260, and later expanded into present-day Alsace and northern Switzerland, leading to the establishment of the Old High German language in those regions, which by the eighth century were collectively referred to as Alamannia.

alsace, day, the, alemanni, roman, the, high, and, millennium, upper, on, expanded, present, first, dio, to, switzerland, the, alamannia, germanic, by, northern, in, later, regions, the, to, the, the, as, 260, german, emperor, caracalla, of, context, and, referred, a, eighth, alamanni, were, language, collectively, the, by, 213, river, old, into, tribes, during, century, alemanni, of, captured, mentioned, which, establishment, or, in, the, those, leading, rhine, first, confederation, were, in, of, cassius, of, the, campaign, of, the

213, 260, a, alamanni, alamannia, alemanni, alemanni, alsace, and, and, as, by, by, campaign, captured, caracalla, cassius, century, collectively, confederation, context, day, dio, during, eighth, emperor, establishment, expanded, first, first, german, germanic, high, in, in, in, into, language, later, leading, mentioned, millennium, northern, of, of, of, of, of, old, on, or, present, referred, regions, rhine, river, roman, switzerland, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, those, to, to, tribes, upper, were, were, which

a, as, by, by, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, 213, 260, and, and, day, dio, old, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, high, into, were, were, first, first, later, rhine, river, roman, those, upper, which, alsace, during, eighth, german, tribes, cassius, century, context, emperor, leading, present, regions, alamanni, alemanni, alemanni, campaign, captured, expanded, germanic, language, northern, referred, alamannia, caracalla, mentioned, millennium, switzerland, collectively, confederation, establishment


NYSE American, formerly known as the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and more recently as NYSE MKT, is an American stock exchange situated in New York City. AMEX was previously a mutual organization, owned by its members. Until 1953, it was known as the New York Curb Exchange.

as, owned, known, an, organization, and, curb, previously, stock, new, by, exchange, in, amex, as, more, formerly, exchange, nyse, american, was, members, mkt, mutual, it, american, the, amex, york, stock, was, a, as, its, york, known, recently, nyse, until, situated, american, the, 1953, exchange, is, new, city

1953, a, american, american, american, amex, amex, an, and, as, as, as, by, city, curb, exchange, exchange, exchange, formerly, in, is, it, its, known, known, members, mkt, more, mutual, new, new, nyse, nyse, organization, owned, previously, recently, situated, stock, stock, the, the, until, was, was, york, york

a, an, as, as, as, by, in, is, it, and, its, mkt, new, new, the, the, was, was, 1953, amex, amex, city, curb, more, nyse, nyse, york, york, known, known, owned, stock, stock, until, mutual, members, american, american, american, exchange, exchange, exchange, formerly, recently, situated, previously, organization


The Dodo is a fictional character appearing in Chapters 2 and 3 of the 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). The Dodo is a caricature of the author. A popular but unsubstantiated belief is that Dodgson chose the particular animal to represent himself because of his stammer, and thus would accidentally introduce himself as "Do-do-dodgson".

the, is, lutwidge, chapters, belief, of, 3, dodgson, his, thus, dodo, author, carroll, the, in, is, introduce, of, wonderland, the, lewis, do, adventures, that, represent, book, dodo, the, a, do, alice, caricature, dodgson, accidentally, a, s, animal, popular, would, stammer, of, himself, is, chose, dodgson, to, the, fictional, 1865, himself, 2, in, charles, but, by, and, particular, because, as, and, appearing, unsubstantiated, a, character

1865, 2, 3, a, a, a, accidentally, adventures, alice, and, and, animal, appearing, as, author, because, belief, book, but, by, caricature, carroll, chapters, character, charles, chose, do, do, dodgson, dodgson, dodgson, dodo, dodo, fictional, himself, himself, his, in, in, introduce, is, is, is, lewis, lutwidge, of, of, of, particular, popular, represent, s, stammer, that, the, the, the, the, the, thus, to, unsubstantiated, wonderland, would

2, 3, a, a, a, s, as, by, do, do, in, in, is, is, is, of, of, of, to, and, and, but, his, the, the, the, the, the, 1865, book, dodo, dodo, that, thus, alice, chose, lewis, would, animal, author, belief, because, carroll, charles, dodgson, dodgson, dodgson, himself, himself, popular, stammer, chapters, lutwidge, appearing, character, fictional, introduce, represent, adventures, caricature, particular, wonderland, accidentally, unsubstantiated


Albert II  (; 28 March 15228 January 1557) was the margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) from 1527 to 1553. He was a member of the Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern. Because of his bellicose nature, Albert was given the cognomen Bellator ("the Warlike") during his lifetime. Posthumously, he became known as Alcibiades.

albert, the, ii, his, the, march, was, the, brandenburg, posthumously, of, given, he, house, bayreuth, his, a, january, 28, 15228, 1553, known, was, of, bellator, was, alcibiades, 1557, the, hohenzollern, 1527, kulmbach, because, warlike, of, nature, of, margrave, he, albert, became, cognomen, the, of, from, during, bellicose, brandenburg, franconian, member, lifetime, as, branch, to

15228, 1527, 1553, 1557, 28, a, albert, albert, alcibiades, as, bayreuth, became, because, bellator, bellicose, branch, brandenburg, brandenburg, cognomen, during, franconian, from, given, he, he, his, his, hohenzollern, house, ii, january, known, kulmbach, lifetime, march, margrave, member, nature, of, of, of, of, of, posthumously, the, the, the, the, the, to, warlike, was, was, was

a, 28, as, he, he, ii, of, of, of, of, of, to, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, 1527, 1553, 1557, from, 15228, given, house, known, march, albert, albert, became, branch, during, member, nature, because, january, warlike, bayreuth, bellator, cognomen, kulmbach, lifetime, margrave, bellicose, alcibiades, franconian, brandenburg, brandenburg, hohenzollern, posthumously


Agate () is the banded variety of chalcedony, which comes in a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks. The ornamental use of agate was common in Ancient Greece, in assorted jewelry and in the seal stones of Greek warriors, while bead necklaces with pierced and polished agate date back to the 3rd millennium BCE in the Indus Valley civilisation.

common, in, the, in, variety, volcanic, while, of, assorted, with, formed, is, banded, wide, chalcedony, date, stones, bce, comes, to, variety, use, agate, greek, of, agate, the, rocks, primarily, warriors, metamorphic, the, polished, agates, back, pierced, agate, are, valley, bead, was, in, indus, in, a, jewelry, ornamental, the, ancient, and, greece, necklaces, in, of, millennium, within, which, and, seal, civilisation, the, 3rd, of, and, colors

3rd, a, agate, agate, agate, agates, ancient, and, and, and, are, assorted, back, banded, bce, bead, chalcedony, civilisation, colors, comes, common, date, formed, greece, greek, in, in, in, in, in, indus, is, jewelry, metamorphic, millennium, necklaces, of, of, of, of, ornamental, pierced, polished, primarily, rocks, seal, stones, the, the, the, the, the, to, use, valley, variety, variety, volcanic, warriors, was, which, while, wide, with, within

a, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, to, 3rd, and, and, and, are, bce, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, back, bead, date, seal, wide, with, agate, agate, agate, comes, greek, indus, rocks, which, while, agates, banded, colors, common, formed, greece, stones, valley, within, ancient, jewelry, pierced, variety, variety, assorted, polished, volcanic, warriors, necklaces, primarily, chalcedony, millennium, ornamental, metamorphic, civilisation


Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic. Specific inflammatory conditions which aspirin is used to treat include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever.

disease, also, is, specific, fever, fever, to, used, and, antithrombotic, or, known, aspirin, reduce, conditions, acetylsalicylic, which, as, as, aspirin, an, acid, and, nsaid, rheumatic, kawasaki, inflammatory, include, pain, inflammatory, drug, nonsteroidal, a, pericarditis, used, to, treat, is, asa, inflammation, and, anti

a, acetylsalicylic, acid, also, an, and, and, and, anti, antithrombotic, as, as, asa, aspirin, aspirin, conditions, disease, drug, fever, fever, include, inflammation, inflammatory, inflammatory, is, is, kawasaki, known, nonsteroidal, nsaid, or, pain, pericarditis, reduce, rheumatic, specific, to, to, treat, used, used, which

a, an, as, as, is, is, or, to, to, and, and, and, asa, acid, also, anti, drug, pain, used, used, fever, fever, known, nsaid, treat, which, reduce, aspirin, aspirin, disease, include, kawasaki, specific, rheumatic, conditions, inflammation, inflammatory, inflammatory, nonsteroidal, pericarditis, antithrombotic, acetylsalicylic


Ahmed I ( ; ; 18 April 1590 – 22 November 1617) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 to 1617. Ahmed's reign is noteworthy for marking the first breach in the Ottoman tradition of royal fratricide; henceforth, Ottoman rulers would no longer systematically execute their brothers upon accession to the throne. He is also well known for his construction of the Blue Mosque, one of the most famous mosques in Turkey.

for, in, the, was, one, accession, most, well, their, the, fratricide, rulers, ottoman, is, is, the, of, the, ahmed, no, upon, s, reign, ottoman, the, systematically, first, in, noteworthy, 18, throne, would, ahmed, brothers, november, to, to, henceforth, known, breach, april, 1617, for, marking, 1617, his, of, ottoman, of, longer, 1590, from, the, of, he, construction, famous, empire, also, turkey, sultan, tradition, i, mosques, the, 1603, execute, 22, blue, mosque, royal

1590, 1603, 1617, 1617, 18, 22, accession, ahmed, ahmed, also, april, blue, breach, brothers, construction, empire, execute, famous, first, for, for, fratricide, from, he, henceforth, his, i, in, in, is, is, known, longer, marking, mosque, mosques, most, no, noteworthy, november, of, of, of, of, one, ottoman, ottoman, ottoman, reign, royal, rulers, s, sultan, systematically, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, throne, to, to, tradition, turkey, upon, was, well, would

i, s, 18, 22, he, in, in, is, is, no, of, of, of, of, to, to, for, for, his, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1590, 1603, 1617, 1617, also, blue, from, most, upon, well, ahmed, ahmed, april, first, known, reign, royal, their, would, breach, empire, famous, longer, mosque, rulers, sultan, throne, turkey, execute, marking, mosques, ottoman, ottoman, ottoman, brothers, november, accession, tradition, fratricide, henceforth, noteworthy, construction, systematically


The Ainu are an ethnic group of related indigenous people native to Northern Japan, as well as the land surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, including Hokkaido Island, Northeast Honshu Island, Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Khabarovsk Krai; they have occupied these areas since before the arrival of the modern Japanese and Russians. These regions are often referred to as  in historical Japanese texts.

to, honshu, ethnic, well, the, often, khabarovsk, of, since, krai, areas, related, group, people, surrounding, sea, russians, these, in, the, peninsula, japan, and, these, of, sakhalin, as, japanese, are, historical, and, northeast, the, japanese, land, the, regions, okhotsk, including, as, the, ainu, occupied, an, referred, arrival, texts, as, they, modern, native, the, islands, island, northern, the, are, before, have, kuril, island, to, of, kamchatka, the, hokkaido, indigenous, island

ainu, an, and, and, are, are, areas, arrival, as, as, as, before, ethnic, group, have, historical, hokkaido, honshu, in, including, indigenous, island, island, island, islands, japan, japanese, japanese, kamchatka, khabarovsk, krai, kuril, land, modern, native, northeast, northern, occupied, of, of, of, often, okhotsk, peninsula, people, referred, regions, related, russians, sakhalin, sea, since, surrounding, texts, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, these, these, they, to, to, well

an, as, as, as, in, of, of, of, to, to, and, and, are, are, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, ainu, have, krai, land, they, well, areas, group, japan, kuril, often, since, texts, these, these, before, ethnic, honshu, island, island, island, modern, native, people, arrival, islands, okhotsk, regions, related, hokkaido, japanese, japanese, northern, occupied, referred, russians, sakhalin, including, kamchatka, northeast, peninsula, historical, indigenous, khabarovsk, surrounding


Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine and a component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience; the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge, and it has been characterized as quackery.

knowledge, as, inserted, not, a, been, needles, theories, practices, tcm, tcm, thin, alternative, component, of, into, chinese, and, is, medicine, in, a, acupuncture, and, acupuncture, body, it, traditional, is, the, which, on, and, based, scientific, form, are, the, of, are, pseudoscience, a, quackery, characterized, medicine, of, has

a, a, a, acupuncture, acupuncture, alternative, and, and, and, are, are, as, based, been, body, characterized, chinese, component, form, has, in, inserted, into, is, is, it, knowledge, medicine, medicine, needles, not, of, of, of, on, practices, pseudoscience, quackery, scientific, tcm, tcm, the, the, theories, thin, traditional, which

a, a, a, as, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, on, and, and, and, are, are, has, not, tcm, tcm, the, the, been, body, form, into, thin, based, which, chinese, needles, inserted, medicine, medicine, quackery, theories, component, knowledge, practices, scientific, acupuncture, acupuncture, alternative, traditional, characterized, pseudoscience


Agapanthus africanus, or the African lily, is a flowering plant from the genus Agapanthus found only on rocky sandstone slopes of the winter rainfall fynbos from the Cape Peninsula to Swellendam. It is also known as the lily-of-the-Nile in spite of only occurring in South Africa.

winter, on, only, is, agapanthus, occurring, spite, as, the, african, south, cape, lily, the, the, swellendam, of, from, the, is, or, of, only, slopes, sandstone, plant, to, also, fynbos, rocky, it, found, agapanthus, rainfall, the, flowering, in, from, in, of, genus, africa, known, africanus, a, the, peninsula, nile, lily

a, africa, african, africanus, agapanthus, agapanthus, also, as, cape, flowering, found, from, from, fynbos, genus, in, in, is, is, it, known, lily, lily, nile, occurring, of, of, of, on, only, only, or, peninsula, plant, rainfall, rocky, sandstone, slopes, south, spite, swellendam, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, winter

a, as, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, on, or, to, the, the, the, the, the, the, also, cape, from, from, lily, lily, nile, only, only, found, genus, known, plant, rocky, south, spite, africa, fynbos, slopes, winter, african, rainfall, africanus, flowering, occurring, peninsula, sandstone, agapanthus, agapanthus, swellendam


Aga Khan I ( or ) or Hasan Ali Shah () (1804–1881) was the governor of Kirman, the 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and a prominent Muslim leader in Iran and later in the Indian subcontinent. He was the first Nizari Imam to hold the title Aga Khan.

kirman, aga, the, nizari, khan, or, the, hasan, ismaili, imam, in, in, indian, he, ali, later, 46th, was, nizari, 1804, governor, leader, the, aga, and, 1881, of, the, iran, i, a, title, the, imam, prominent, muslim, the, shah, of, hold, subcontinent, or, muslims, first, was, khan, and, to

1804, 1881, 46th, a, aga, aga, ali, and, and, first, governor, hasan, he, hold, i, imam, imam, in, in, indian, iran, ismaili, khan, khan, kirman, later, leader, muslim, muslims, nizari, nizari, of, of, or, or, prominent, shah, subcontinent, the, the, the, the, the, the, title, to, was, was

a, i, he, in, in, of, of, or, or, to, aga, aga, ali, and, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1804, 1881, 46th, hold, imam, imam, iran, khan, khan, shah, first, hasan, later, title, indian, kirman, leader, muslim, nizari, nizari, ismaili, muslims, governor, prominent, subcontinent


Agathon (; ; ) was an Athenian tragic poet whose works have been lost.  He is best known for his appearance in Plato's Symposium, which describes the banquet given to celebrate his obtaining a prize for his first tragedy at the Lenaia in 416.  He is also a prominent character in Aristophanes' comedy the Thesmophoriazusae.

in, tragic, poet, banquet, describes, agathon, in, was, aristophanes, celebrate, known, the, lenaia, for, symposium, s, the, comedy, obtaining, he, also, a, thesmophoriazusae, lost, at, in, prominent, have, which, character, whose, given, 416, he, his, first, prize, for, best, works, been, is, his, appearance, the, a, plato, to, an, tragedy, athenian, is, his

416, a, a, agathon, also, an, appearance, aristophanes, at, athenian, banquet, been, best, celebrate, character, comedy, describes, first, for, for, given, have, he, he, his, his, his, in, in, in, is, is, known, lenaia, lost, obtaining, plato, poet, prize, prominent, s, symposium, the, the, the, thesmophoriazusae, to, tragedy, tragic, was, which, whose, works

a, a, s, an, at, he, he, in, in, in, is, is, to, 416, for, for, his, his, his, the, the, the, was, also, been, best, have, lost, poet, first, given, known, plato, prize, which, whose, works, comedy, lenaia, tragic, agathon, banquet, tragedy, athenian, celebrate, character, describes, obtaining, prominent, symposium, appearance, aristophanes, thesmophoriazusae


Agesilaus II (;  ; 445/4 – 360/59 BC) was king of Sparta from c. 400 to c. 360 BC. Generally considered the most important king in the history of Sparta, Agesilaus was the main actor during the period of Spartan hegemony that followed the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC). Although brave in combat, Agesilaus lacked the diplomatic skills to preserve Sparta's position, especially against the rising power of Thebes, which reduced Sparta to a secondary power after its victory at Leuctra in 371 BC.

agesilaus, especially, at, the, position, was, was, history, generally, bc, diplomatic, in, 445, skills, king, the, bc, bc, king, leuctra, against, rising, from, 431, sparta, brave, of, followed, after, the, during, ii, in, main, sparta, victory, most, s, combat, a, hegemony, preserve, to, the, important, of, thebes, the, of, 400, sparta, 4, peloponnesian, 371, to, considered, in, period, although, 360, which, secondary, to, reduced, agesilaus, spartan, war, sparta, 404, its, the, 59, lacked, the, c, of, agesilaus, actor, power, c, that, power, 360, bc

360, 360, 371, 4, 400, 404, 431, 445, 59, a, actor, after, against, agesilaus, agesilaus, agesilaus, although, at, bc, bc, bc, bc, brave, c, c, combat, considered, diplomatic, during, especially, followed, from, generally, hegemony, history, ii, important, in, in, in, its, king, king, lacked, leuctra, main, most, of, of, of, of, peloponnesian, period, position, power, power, preserve, reduced, rising, s, secondary, skills, sparta, sparta, sparta, sparta, spartan, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, thebes, to, to, to, victory, war, was, was, which

4, a, c, c, s, 59, at, bc, bc, bc, bc, ii, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, 360, 360, 371, 400, 404, 431, 445, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, was, from, king, king, main, most, that, actor, after, brave, power, power, which, combat, during, lacked, period, rising, skills, sparta, sparta, sparta, sparta, thebes, against, history, leuctra, reduced, spartan, victory, although, followed, hegemony, position, preserve, agesilaus, agesilaus, agesilaus, generally, important, secondary, considered, diplomatic, especially, peloponnesian


American Chinese cuisine is a cuisine derived from Chinese cuisine that was developed by Chinese Americans. The dishes served in many North American Chinese restaurants are adapted to American tastes and often differ significantly from those found in China.

chinese, significantly, found, many, differ, was, american, dishes, chinese, are, those, served, that, is, derived, cuisine, american, a, often, chinese, developed, tastes, chinese, in, north, americans, to, cuisine, the, from, in, and, restaurants, adapted, from, cuisine, china, by, american

a, adapted, american, american, american, americans, and, are, by, china, chinese, chinese, chinese, chinese, cuisine, cuisine, cuisine, derived, developed, differ, dishes, found, from, from, in, in, is, many, north, often, restaurants, served, significantly, tastes, that, the, those, to, was

a, by, in, in, is, to, and, are, the, was, from, from, many, that, china, found, north, often, those, differ, dishes, served, tastes, adapted, chinese, chinese, chinese, chinese, cuisine, cuisine, cuisine, derived, american, american, american, americans, developed, restaurants, significantly


Arthur Aikin  (19 May 177315 April 1854) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer, and was a founding member of the Chemical Society (now the Royal Society of Chemistry). He first became its treasurer in 1841, and later became the society's second president.

second, treasurer, was, chemist, english, the, later, mineralogist, society, royal, and, a, president, and, s, he, now, society, was, 1854, member, its, became, of, may, chemistry, the, the, society, founding, first, and, april, chemical, writer, 1841, arthur, scientific, became, of, 177315, in, an, 19, aikin

177315, 1841, 1854, 19, a, aikin, an, and, and, and, april, arthur, became, became, chemical, chemist, chemistry, english, first, founding, he, in, its, later, may, member, mineralogist, now, of, of, president, royal, s, scientific, second, society, society, society, the, the, the, treasurer, was, was, writer

a, s, 19, an, he, in, of, of, and, and, and, its, may, now, the, the, the, was, was, 1841, 1854, aikin, april, first, later, royal, 177315, arthur, became, became, member, second, writer, chemist, english, society, society, society, chemical, founding, chemistry, president, treasurer, scientific, mineralogist


Ailanthus (; derived from ailanto, an Ambonese word probably meaning "tree of the gods" or "tree of heaven") is a genus of trees belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, in the order Sapindales (formerly Rutales or Geraniales). The genus is native from east Asia south to northern Australasia.

genus, probably, the, australasia, the, asia, word, from, in, tree, tree, east, or, to, belonging, heaven, or, is, of, a, order, family, ailanthus, the, geraniales, of, formerly, rutales, the, ailanto, an, south, simaroubaceae, native, derived, sapindales, meaning, northern, trees, from, to, gods, ambonese, genus, is, of

a, ailanthus, ailanto, ambonese, an, asia, australasia, belonging, derived, east, family, formerly, from, from, genus, genus, geraniales, gods, heaven, in, is, is, meaning, native, northern, of, of, of, or, or, order, probably, rutales, sapindales, simaroubaceae, south, the, the, the, the, to, to, tree, tree, trees, word

a, an, in, is, is, of, of, of, or, or, to, to, the, the, the, the, asia, east, from, from, gods, tree, tree, word, genus, genus, order, south, trees, family, heaven, native, ailanto, derived, meaning, rutales, ambonese, formerly, northern, probably, ailanthus, belonging, geraniales, sapindales, australasia, simaroubaceae


The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Centered on the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region, the empire would unite Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule and exercised significant influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Magan (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula.

succeeding, expeditions, ancient, modern, sumer, as, magan, region, akkadian, significant, bahrain, empire, on, empire, and, the, and, sending, far, rule, of, the, of, across, arabia, under, the, anatolia, lived, exercised, was, the, levant, the, city, saudi, centered, peninsula, akkadian, south, and, arabian, akkad, oman, long, speakers, sumerian, civilization, its, empire, one, surrounding, military, and, and, influence, of, unite, and, as, dilmun, would, the, in, the, mesopotamia, mesopotamia, first

across, akkad, akkadian, akkadian, anatolia, ancient, and, and, and, and, and, and, arabia, arabian, as, as, bahrain, centered, city, civilization, dilmun, empire, empire, empire, exercised, expeditions, far, first, in, influence, its, levant, lived, long, magan, mesopotamia, mesopotamia, military, modern, of, of, of, oman, on, one, peninsula, region, rule, saudi, sending, significant, south, speakers, succeeding, sumer, sumerian, surrounding, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, under, unite, was, would

as, as, in, of, of, of, on, and, and, and, and, and, and, far, its, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, city, long, oman, rule, akkad, first, lived, magan, saudi, south, sumer, under, unite, would, across, arabia, dilmun, empire, empire, empire, levant, modern, region, ancient, arabian, bahrain, sending, akkadian, akkadian, anatolia, centered, military, speakers, sumerian, exercised, influence, peninsula, succeeding, expeditions, mesopotamia, mesopotamia, significant, surrounding, civilization


Ajax ( Aias means "of the earth".) was a Greek mythological hero, son of Oileus, the king of Locris.  He was called the "lesser" or "Locrian" Ajax, to distinguish him from Ajax the Great, son of Telamon. He was the leader of the Locrian contingent during the Trojan War. He is a significant figure in Homer's Iliad and is also mentioned in the Odyssey, in Virgil's Aeneid and in Euripides' The Trojan Women. In Etruscan legend, he was known as Aivas Vilates.

locrian, he, was, and, son, hero, and, of, king, from, in, was, legend, the, ajax, women, virgil, significant, the, is, during, great, mythological, earth, lesser, etruscan, aeneid, he, of, trojan, he, locris, he, aivas, of, oileus, trojan, locrian, in, known, contingent, aias, a, telamon, vilates, in, called, ajax, s, also, the, s, iliad, the, distinguish, of, the, the, is, odyssey, homer, ajax, in, him, means, the, of, leader, the, figure, or, mentioned, in, the, to, was, a, greek, as, was, euripides, war, son

a, a, aeneid, aias, aivas, ajax, ajax, ajax, also, and, and, as, called, contingent, distinguish, during, earth, etruscan, euripides, figure, from, great, greek, he, he, he, he, hero, him, homer, iliad, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, king, known, leader, legend, lesser, locrian, locrian, locris, means, mentioned, mythological, odyssey, of, of, of, of, of, oileus, or, s, s, significant, son, son, telamon, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, trojan, trojan, vilates, virgil, war, was, was, was, was, women

a, a, s, s, as, he, he, he, he, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, and, and, him, son, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, was, was, was, aias, ajax, ajax, ajax, also, from, hero, king, aivas, earth, great, greek, homer, iliad, known, means, women, aeneid, called, during, figure, leader, legend, lesser, locris, oileus, trojan, trojan, virgil, locrian, locrian, odyssey, telamon, vilates, etruscan, euripides, mentioned, contingent, distinguish, significant, mythological


Alaric I (; , , "ruler of all"; c. 370 – 411 AD) was the first king of the Visigoths, from 395 to 410. He rose to leadership of the Goths who came to occupy Moesia—territory acquired a couple of decades earlier by a combined force of Goths and Alans after the Battle of Adrianople.

395, leadership, all, of, 411, c, of, alaric, rose, by, earlier, king, the, moesia, force, a, 410, occupy, the, came, decades, of, he, alans, first, visigoths, battle, of, the, i, from, the, of, acquired, goths, ad, was, combined, after, territory, to, to, 370, couple, and, ruler, a, of, goths, who, to, adrianople

370, 395, 410, 411, a, a, acquired, ad, adrianople, after, alans, alaric, all, and, battle, by, c, came, combined, couple, decades, earlier, first, force, from, goths, goths, he, i, king, leadership, moesia, occupy, of, of, of, of, of, of, rose, ruler, territory, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, visigoths, was, who

a, a, c, i, ad, by, he, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, 370, 395, 410, 411, all, and, the, the, the, the, was, who, came, from, king, rose, after, alans, first, force, goths, goths, ruler, alaric, battle, couple, moesia, occupy, decades, earlier, acquired, combined, territory, visigoths, adrianople, leadership


Alboin (530s – 28 June 572) was king of the Lombards from about 560 until 572. During his reign the Lombards ended their migrations by settling in Italy, the northern part of which Alboin conquered between 569 and 572. He had a lasting effect on Italy and the Pannonian Basin; in the former his invasion marked the beginning of centuries of Lombard rule, and in the latter his defeat of the Gepids and his departure from Pannonia ended the dominance there of the Germanic peoples.

lombards, the, 569, in, the, the, king, which, 28, had, 560, the, former, basin, departure, the, from, their, and, settling, peoples, by, marked, ended, italy, ended, and, italy, lasting, the, reign, his, on, alboin, the, about, part, lombards, his, rule, and, 572, germanic, there, pannonian, beginning, his, alboin, 572, of, a, dominance, june, was, gepids, effect, centuries, invasion, northern, during, of, latter, in, of, defeat, the, migrations, the, between, of, of, the, until, and, 530s, 572, in, his, conquered, lombard, of, pannonia, he, from

28, 530s, 560, 569, 572, 572, 572, a, about, alboin, alboin, and, and, and, and, basin, beginning, between, by, centuries, conquered, defeat, departure, dominance, during, effect, ended, ended, former, from, from, gepids, germanic, had, he, his, his, his, his, in, in, in, invasion, italy, italy, june, king, lasting, latter, lombard, lombards, lombards, marked, migrations, northern, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, pannonia, pannonian, part, peoples, reign, rule, settling, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, there, until, was, which

a, 28, by, he, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, 560, 569, 572, 572, 572, and, and, and, and, had, his, his, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 530s, from, from, june, king, part, rule, about, basin, ended, ended, italy, italy, reign, their, there, until, which, alboin, alboin, defeat, during, effect, former, gepids, latter, marked, between, lasting, lombard, peoples, germanic, invasion, lombards, lombards, northern, pannonia, settling, beginning, centuries, conquered, departure, dominance, pannonian, migrations


Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa ( – 16 December 1515), was a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman. He served as viceroy of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515, during which he expanded Portuguese influence across the Indian Ocean and built a reputation as a fierce and skilled military commander.

was, and, fierce, 1st, statesman, indian, afonso, across, a, of, as, a, reputation, during, portuguese, portuguese, to, commander, 1509, and, 1515, viceroy, 16, india, built, and, he, 1515, portuguese, ocean, as, admiral, served, the, skilled, duke, de, of, from, goa, military, albuquerque, which, december, general, he, influence, expanded, a

1509, 1515, 1515, 16, 1st, a, a, a, across, admiral, afonso, albuquerque, and, and, and, as, as, built, commander, de, december, duke, during, expanded, fierce, from, general, goa, he, he, india, indian, influence, military, ocean, of, of, portuguese, portuguese, portuguese, reputation, served, skilled, statesman, the, to, viceroy, was, which

a, a, a, 16, as, as, de, he, he, of, of, to, 1st, and, and, and, goa, the, was, 1509, 1515, 1515, duke, from, built, india, ocean, which, across, afonso, during, fierce, indian, served, admiral, general, skilled, viceroy, december, expanded, military, commander, influence, statesman, portuguese, portuguese, portuguese, reputation, albuquerque


Alcaeus of Mytilene (; , Alkaios ho Mutilēnaios;  –  BC) was a lyric poet from the Greek island of Lesbos who is credited with inventing the Alcaic stanza. He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. He was a contemporary of Sappho, with whom he may have exchanged poems. He was born into the aristocratic governing class of Mytilene, the main city of Lesbos, where he was involved in political disputes and feuds.

exchanged, was, the, alkaios, he, the, with, political, the, credited, stanza, and, city, was, mutilēnaios, class, contemporary, hellenistic, a, alexandria, from, greek, ho, scholars, governing, alcaic, the, may, have, of, disputes, who, of, in, bc, he, of, feuds, was, was, he, alcaeus, he, list, poet, in, of, of, born, sappho, island, inventing, the, mytilene, lesbos, a, he, by, canonical, into, aristocratic, mytilene, poems, involved, of, nine, whom, is, lyric, was, poets, of, with, the, where, included, main, lyric, lesbos

a, a, alcaeus, alcaic, alexandria, alkaios, and, aristocratic, bc, born, by, canonical, city, class, contemporary, credited, disputes, exchanged, feuds, from, governing, greek, have, he, he, he, he, he, hellenistic, ho, in, in, included, into, inventing, involved, is, island, lesbos, lesbos, list, lyric, lyric, main, may, mutilēnaios, mytilene, mytilene, nine, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, poems, poet, poets, political, sappho, scholars, stanza, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, was, where, who, whom, with, with

a, a, bc, by, he, he, he, he, he, ho, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, and, may, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, was, who, born, city, from, have, into, list, main, nine, poet, whom, with, with, class, feuds, greek, lyric, lyric, poems, poets, where, alcaic, island, lesbos, lesbos, sappho, stanza, alcaeus, alkaios, credited, disputes, included, involved, mytilene, mytilene, scholars, canonical, exchanged, governing, inventing, political, alexandria, hellenistic, mutilēnaios, aristocratic, contemporary


Alcamenes () was an ancient Greek sculptor of Lemnos and Athens, who flourished in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC. He was a younger contemporary of Phidias and noted for the delicacy and finish of his works, among which a Hephaestus and an Aphrodite of the Gardens were conspicuous.

his, conspicuous, of, the, a, of, an, hephaestus, younger, a, of, of, the, gardens, and, which, phidias, aphrodite, 5th, noted, finish, sculptor, ancient, the, bc, athens, flourished, and, of, alcamenes, lemnos, was, half, and, works, century, who, among, delicacy, 2nd, greek, he, an, for, and, contemporary, was, the, in, were

2nd, 5th, a, a, alcamenes, among, an, an, ancient, and, and, and, and, aphrodite, athens, bc, century, conspicuous, contemporary, delicacy, finish, flourished, for, gardens, greek, half, he, hephaestus, his, in, lemnos, noted, of, of, of, of, of, phidias, sculptor, the, the, the, the, was, was, were, which, who, works, younger

a, a, an, an, bc, he, in, of, of, of, of, of, 2nd, 5th, and, and, and, and, for, his, the, the, the, the, was, was, who, half, were, among, greek, noted, which, works, athens, finish, lemnos, ancient, century, gardens, phidias, younger, delicacy, sculptor, alcamenes, aphrodite, flourished, hephaestus, conspicuous, contemporary


In Greek mythology, Alcmene ( ; ) or Alcmena ( ; ; ; meaning "strong in wrath") was the wife of Amphitryon, by whom she bore two children, Iphicles and Laonome. She is best known as the mother of Heracles, whose father was the god Zeus. Alcmene was also referred to as Electryone (), a patronymic name as a daughter of Electryon.

wrath, was, by, was, mother, best, whom, or, alcmena, electryone, referred, the, of, a, known, children, bore, father, whose, electryon, alcmene, daughter, two, is, in, as, wife, the, she, as, zeus, strong, to, meaning, name, patronymic, and, heracles, as, of, amphitryon, alcmene, she, was, also, iphicles, mythology, a, greek, the, of, in, laonome, god

a, a, alcmena, alcmene, alcmene, also, amphitryon, and, as, as, as, best, bore, by, children, daughter, electryon, electryone, father, god, greek, heracles, in, in, iphicles, is, known, laonome, meaning, mother, mythology, name, of, of, of, or, patronymic, referred, she, she, strong, the, the, the, to, two, was, was, was, whom, whose, wife, wrath, zeus

a, a, as, as, as, by, in, in, is, of, of, of, or, to, and, god, she, she, the, the, the, two, was, was, was, also, best, bore, name, whom, wife, zeus, greek, known, whose, wrath, father, mother, strong, alcmena, alcmene, alcmene, laonome, meaning, children, daughter, heracles, iphicles, referred, electryon, mythology, amphitryon, electryone, patronymic


The Aldine Press was the printing office started by Aldus Manutius in 1494 in Venice, from which were issued the celebrated Aldine editions of the classics (Latin and Greek masterpieces, plus a few more modern works). The first book that was dated and printed under his name appeared in 1495.

latin, and, classics, his, press, started, in, editions, first, issued, that, manutius, in, book, was, more, printed, of, venice, in, office, 1494, 1495, which, printing, the, dated, aldine, a, the, the, plus, by, under, works, and, aldine, aldus, celebrated, name, masterpieces, appeared, from, greek, was, few, modern, were, the, the

1494, 1495, a, aldine, aldine, aldus, and, and, appeared, book, by, celebrated, classics, dated, editions, few, first, from, greek, his, in, in, in, issued, latin, manutius, masterpieces, modern, more, name, of, office, plus, press, printed, printing, started, that, the, the, the, the, the, under, venice, was, was, were, which, works

a, by, in, in, in, of, and, and, few, his, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1494, 1495, book, from, more, name, plus, that, were, aldus, dated, first, greek, latin, press, under, which, works, aldine, aldine, issued, modern, office, venice, printed, started, appeared, classics, editions, manutius, printing, celebrated, masterpieces


Alexander I of Epirus (; c. 370 BC – 331 BC), also known as Alexander Molossus (), was a king of Epirus (343/2–331 BC) of the Aeacid dynasty. As the son of Neoptolemus I and brother of Olympias, Alexander I was an uncle, and a brother-in-law, of Alexander the Great. He was also an uncle to Pyrrhus of Epirus.

neoptolemus, brother, and, pyrrhus, of, king, a, aeacid, i, of, of, was, alexander, was, 343, bc, bc, son, i, c, of, was, molossus, also, an, dynasty, of, as, i, epirus, uncle, epirus, alexander, he, law, the, 331, a, alexander, also, as, bc, brother, olympias, 370, uncle, of, an, alexander, the, of, great, epirus, and, known, to, the, 2, 331, in

2, 331, 331, 343, 370, a, a, aeacid, alexander, alexander, alexander, alexander, also, also, an, an, and, and, as, as, bc, bc, bc, brother, brother, c, dynasty, epirus, epirus, epirus, great, he, i, i, i, in, king, known, law, molossus, neoptolemus, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, olympias, pyrrhus, son, the, the, the, to, uncle, uncle, was, was, was

2, a, a, c, i, i, i, an, an, as, as, bc, bc, bc, he, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, 331, 331, 343, 370, and, and, law, son, the, the, the, was, was, was, also, also, king, great, known, uncle, uncle, aeacid, epirus, epirus, epirus, brother, brother, dynasty, pyrrhus, molossus, olympias, alexander, alexander, alexander, alexander, neoptolemus


Alexander Jagiellon (; ; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) of the House of Jagiellon was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1492 and King of Poland from 1501 until his death in 1506. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV Jagiellon. He was elected grand duke of Lithuania upon the death of his father and king of Poland upon the death of his brother John I Albert.

his, jagiellon, was, death, king, father, upon, house, the, 5, from, the, 1461, i, grand, lithuania, he, was, poland, he, was, the, albert, 1506, of, of, august, from, of, duke, duke, death, death, casimir, iv, and, 1506, the, 19, son, poland, grand, in, august, his, fourth, of, his, jagiellon, of, john, jagiellon, elected, of, of, 1501, upon, 1492, and, brother, king, alexander, lithuania, until, of, of

1461, 1492, 1501, 1506, 1506, 19, 5, albert, alexander, and, and, august, august, brother, casimir, death, death, death, duke, duke, elected, father, fourth, from, from, grand, grand, he, he, his, his, his, house, i, in, iv, jagiellon, jagiellon, jagiellon, john, king, king, lithuania, lithuania, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, poland, poland, son, the, the, the, the, until, upon, upon, was, was, was

5, i, 19, he, he, in, iv, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, and, and, his, his, his, son, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, 1461, 1492, 1501, 1506, 1506, duke, duke, from, from, john, king, king, upon, upon, death, death, death, grand, grand, house, until, albert, august, august, father, fourth, poland, poland, brother, casimir, elected, alexander, jagiellon, jagiellon, jagiellon, lithuania, lithuania


Alexander III (; 10 March 18451 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary in domestic affairs and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. This policy is known in Russia as "counter-reforms" (). Under the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907), he opposed any socio-economic moves that limited his autocratic rule.

of, economic, limited, from, counter, alexander, is, reforms, his, finland, some, opposed, reactionary, reversed, his, grand, affairs, known, was, and, father, liberal, in, of, as, 1907, russia, in, highly, this, domestic, moves, 10, influence, until, was, death, rule, march, of, and, russia, 1827, reforms, he, emperor, of, the, alexander, duke, autocratic, 1881, under, policy, congress, his, socio, of, november, pobedonostsev, king, of, poland, 13, konstantin, 1894, ii, in, 1894, march, he, iii, the, 18451, any, that

10, 13, 1827, 18451, 1881, 1894, 1894, 1907, affairs, alexander, alexander, and, and, any, as, autocratic, congress, counter, death, domestic, duke, economic, emperor, father, finland, from, grand, he, he, highly, his, his, his, ii, iii, in, in, in, influence, is, king, known, konstantin, liberal, limited, march, march, moves, november, of, of, of, of, of, of, opposed, pobedonostsev, poland, policy, reactionary, reforms, reforms, reversed, rule, russia, russia, socio, some, that, the, the, this, under, until, was, was

10, 13, as, he, he, ii, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, and, and, any, his, his, his, iii, the, the, was, was, 1827, 1881, 1894, 1894, 1907, duke, from, king, rule, some, that, this, 18451, death, grand, known, march, march, moves, socio, under, until, father, highly, poland, policy, russia, russia, affairs, counter, emperor, finland, liberal, limited, opposed, reforms, reforms, congress, domestic, economic, november, reversed, alexander, alexander, influence, autocratic, konstantin, reactionary, pobedonostsev


Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim; modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death. He succeeded his brother, King Edgar, and his successor was his brother David. He was married to Sybilla of Normandy, an illegitimate daughter of Henry I of England.

alaxandair, his, modern, i, was, edgar, successor, 23, was, mac, his, and, 1107, succeeded, i, fierce, nicknamed, of, henry, sybilla, mac, alasdair, england, daughter, illegitimate, brother, king, he, was, scotland, of, married, david, king, brother, coluim, mhaol, death, normandy, of, to, gaelic, he, of, the, c, maíl, alexander, gaelic, to, the, 1124, posthumously, 1078, an, from, april, his, his, medieval, chaluim

1078, 1107, 1124, 23, alasdair, alaxandair, alexander, an, and, april, brother, brother, c, chaluim, coluim, daughter, david, death, edgar, england, fierce, from, gaelic, gaelic, he, he, henry, his, his, his, his, i, i, illegitimate, king, king, mac, mac, married, maíl, medieval, mhaol, modern, nicknamed, normandy, of, of, of, of, posthumously, scotland, succeeded, successor, sybilla, the, the, to, to, was, was, was

c, i, i, 23, an, he, he, of, of, of, of, to, to, and, his, his, his, his, mac, mac, the, the, was, was, was, 1078, 1107, 1124, from, king, king, maíl, april, david, death, edgar, henry, mhaol, coluim, fierce, gaelic, gaelic, modern, brother, brother, chaluim, england, married, sybilla, alasdair, daughter, medieval, normandy, scotland, alexander, nicknamed, succeeded, successor, alaxandair, illegitimate, posthumously


Alexander II (Medieval Gaelic: ; Modern Gaelic: ; 24 August 1198 – 6 July 1249) was King of Scotland from 1214 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of York (1237) which defined the boundary between England and Scotland, virtually unchanged today.

gaelic, king, medieval, 6, death, august, scotland, which, ii, of, 1214, alexander, the, england, concluded, defined, 1198, 1249, today, and, he, 1237, york, unchanged, gaelic, modern, of, between, the, was, until, virtually, july, treaty, 24, scotland, from, boundary, his

1198, 1214, 1237, 1249, 24, 6, alexander, and, august, between, boundary, concluded, death, defined, england, from, gaelic, gaelic, he, his, ii, july, king, medieval, modern, of, of, scotland, scotland, the, the, today, treaty, unchanged, until, virtually, was, which, york

6, 24, he, ii, of, of, and, his, the, the, was, 1198, 1214, 1237, 1249, from, july, king, york, death, today, until, which, august, gaelic, gaelic, modern, treaty, between, defined, england, boundary, medieval, scotland, scotland, alexander, concluded, unchanged, virtually


Alexander III  (Medieval ; Modern Gaelic: ; 4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286) was King of Scots from 1249 until his death. He concluded the Treaty of Perth, by which Scotland acquired sovereignty over the Western Isles and the Isle of Man. His heir, Margaret, Maid of Norway, died before she could be crowned.

medieval, his, scots, 1286, the, died, be, gaelic, by, which, september, of, isles, western, from, death, he, scotland, king, man, of, maid, perth, sovereignty, 1249, before, modern, march, was, the, she, isle, and, iii, heir, the, 4, crowned, alexander, of, until, over, margaret, 19, treaty, of, acquired, could, 1241, his, concluded, norway

1241, 1249, 1286, 19, 4, acquired, alexander, and, be, before, by, concluded, could, crowned, death, died, from, gaelic, he, heir, his, his, iii, isle, isles, king, maid, man, march, margaret, medieval, modern, norway, of, of, of, of, over, perth, scotland, scots, september, she, sovereignty, the, the, the, treaty, until, was, western, which

4, 19, be, by, he, of, of, of, of, and, his, his, iii, man, she, the, the, the, was, 1241, 1249, 1286, died, from, heir, isle, king, maid, over, could, death, isles, march, perth, scots, until, which, before, gaelic, modern, norway, treaty, crowned, western, acquired, margaret, medieval, scotland, alexander, concluded, september, sovereignty


Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – 21/22 March 235), also known as Alexander Severus, was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his slain cousin Elagabalus in 222. Alexander himself was eventually assassinated, and his death marked the beginning of the events of the Crisis of the Third Century, which included nearly fifty years of civil war, foreign invasion, and the collapse of the monetary economy.

himself, foreign, 208, succeeded, of, last, marked, 1, the, and, fifty, severus, century, and, 22, aurelius, of, economy, emperor, the, his, invasion, severus, of, marcus, he, death, was, the, alexander, known, civil, a, the, of, was, included, the, from, the, slain, dynasty, who, his, in, 21, years, alexander, of, reigned, monetary, the, 235, severan, war, beginning, cousin, the, from, 235, which, march, until, roman, 222, as, he, collapse, assassinated, third, alexander, 222, elagabalus, crisis, events, eventually, october, emperor, nearly, was, also

1, 208, 21, 22, 222, 222, 235, 235, a, alexander, alexander, alexander, also, and, and, as, assassinated, aurelius, beginning, century, civil, collapse, cousin, crisis, death, dynasty, economy, elagabalus, emperor, emperor, events, eventually, fifty, foreign, from, from, he, he, himself, his, his, in, included, invasion, known, last, march, marcus, marked, monetary, nearly, october, of, of, of, of, of, reigned, roman, severan, severus, severus, slain, succeeded, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, third, until, war, was, was, was, which, who, years

1, a, 21, 22, as, he, he, in, of, of, of, of, of, 208, 222, 222, 235, 235, and, and, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, was, was, who, also, from, from, last, civil, death, fifty, known, march, roman, slain, third, until, which, years, cousin, crisis, events, marcus, marked, nearly, century, dynasty, economy, emperor, emperor, foreign, himself, october, reigned, severan, severus, severus, aurelius, collapse, included, invasion, monetary, alexander, alexander, alexander, beginning, succeeded, elagabalus, eventually, assassinated


Alexios II Komnenos (; 14 September 1169September 1183), Latinized Alexius II Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1180 to 1183. He ascended to the throne as a minor. For the duration of his short reign, the imperial power was de facto held by regents.

ii, regents, by, a, byzantine, facto, of, short, 14, duration, ascended, throne, from, emperor, 1183, de, was, his, to, the, alexius, as, he, alexios, 1180, minor, comnenus, power, was, the, the, ii, held, imperial, reign, komnenos, to, latinized, 1169september, for, 1183, september

1169september, 1180, 1183, 1183, 14, a, alexios, alexius, as, ascended, by, byzantine, comnenus, de, duration, emperor, facto, for, from, he, held, his, ii, ii, imperial, komnenos, latinized, minor, of, power, regents, reign, september, short, the, the, the, throne, to, to, was, was

a, 14, as, by, de, he, ii, ii, of, to, to, for, his, the, the, the, was, was, 1180, 1183, 1183, from, held, facto, minor, power, reign, short, throne, alexios, alexius, emperor, regents, ascended, comnenus, duration, imperial, komnenos, byzantine, latinized, september, 1169september


Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian writer. A prominent Soviet dissident, Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of communism and helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, in particular the Gulag system.

awareness, system, august, 11, solzhenitsyn, in, political, a, in, dissident, gulag, critic, global, aleksandr, of, of, was, raise, the, the, russian, 1918, 3, outspoken, an, a, solzhenitsyn, helped, soviet, union, 2008, and, isayevich, prominent, writer, repression, communism, was, to, soviet, particular, december

11, 1918, 2008, 3, a, a, aleksandr, an, and, august, awareness, communism, critic, december, dissident, global, gulag, helped, in, in, isayevich, of, of, outspoken, particular, political, prominent, raise, repression, russian, solzhenitsyn, solzhenitsyn, soviet, soviet, system, the, the, to, union, was, was, writer

3, a, a, 11, an, in, in, of, of, to, and, the, the, was, was, 1918, 2008, gulag, raise, union, august, critic, global, helped, soviet, soviet, system, writer, russian, december, aleksandr, awareness, communism, dissident, isayevich, outspoken, political, prominent, particular, repression, solzhenitsyn, solzhenitsyn


An antipope () is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church itself and secular rulers.

and, elected, mid, antipopes, to, were, church, secular, and, 15th, of, antipope, an, be, 3rd, by, and, to, bishop, supported, who, rome, opposition, person, itself, the, is, within, leader, pope, the, the, the, rulers, centuries, claims, in, between, a, of, church, catholic, factions, legitimately

15th, 3rd, a, an, and, and, and, antipope, antipopes, be, between, bishop, by, catholic, centuries, church, church, claims, elected, factions, in, is, itself, leader, legitimately, mid, of, of, opposition, person, pope, rome, rulers, secular, supported, the, the, the, the, to, to, were, who, within

a, an, be, by, in, is, of, of, to, to, 3rd, and, and, and, mid, the, the, the, the, who, 15th, pope, rome, were, bishop, church, church, claims, itself, leader, person, rulers, within, between, elected, secular, antipope, catholic, factions, antipopes, centuries, supported, opposition, legitimately


“Hymn to Proserpine” is a poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in Poems and Ballads in 1866.  The poem is addressed to the goddess Proserpina, the Roman equivalent of Persephone, but laments the rise of Christianity for displacing the pagan goddess and her pantheon.

christianity, is, a, in, to, but, poems, to, equivalent, for, algernon, proserpine, rise, of, persephone, the, poem, the, by, goddess, 1866, and, is, the, her, pantheon, displacing, ballads, the, pagan, published, in, addressed, and, of, goddess, hymn, proserpina, poem, charles, roman, the, swinburne, laments

1866, a, addressed, algernon, and, and, ballads, but, by, charles, christianity, displacing, equivalent, for, goddess, goddess, her, hymn, in, in, is, is, laments, of, of, pagan, pantheon, persephone, poem, poem, poems, proserpina, proserpine, published, rise, roman, swinburne, the, the, the, the, the, to, to

a, by, in, in, is, is, of, of, to, to, and, and, but, for, her, the, the, the, the, the, 1866, hymn, poem, poem, rise, pagan, poems, roman, ballads, charles, goddess, goddess, laments, algernon, pantheon, addressed, published, swinburne, displacing, equivalent, persephone, proserpina, proserpine, christianity


"The Triumph of Time" is a poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne, published in Poems and Ballads in 1866. It is in adapted ottava rima and is full of elaborate use of literary devices, particularly alliteration. The theme, which purports to be autobiographical, is that of rejected love. The speaker deplores the ruin of his life, and in tones at times reminiscent of Hamlet, craves oblivion, for which the sea serves as a constant metaphor.

is, rima, a, of, is, craves, rejected, adapted, his, of, the, full, is, is, reminiscent, poem, the, charles, algernon, of, life, theme, tones, particularly, at, poems, and, the, swinburne, ruin, by, literary, speaker, constant, that, serves, which, as, deplores, in, purports, alliteration, in, oblivion, of, it, in, triumph, which, a, for, times, ottava, devices, and, and, elaborate, sea, metaphor, ballads, love, of, hamlet, use, the, of, be, the, to, 1866, in, autobiographical, time, published

1866, a, a, adapted, algernon, alliteration, and, and, and, as, at, autobiographical, ballads, be, by, charles, constant, craves, deplores, devices, elaborate, for, full, hamlet, his, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, life, literary, love, metaphor, oblivion, of, of, of, of, of, of, ottava, particularly, poem, poems, published, purports, rejected, reminiscent, rima, ruin, sea, serves, speaker, swinburne, that, the, the, the, the, the, theme, time, times, to, tones, triumph, use, which, which

a, a, as, at, be, by, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, for, his, sea, the, the, the, the, the, use, 1866, full, life, love, poem, rima, ruin, that, time, poems, theme, times, tones, which, which, craves, hamlet, ottava, serves, adapted, ballads, charles, devices, speaker, triumph, algernon, constant, deplores, literary, metaphor, oblivion, purports, rejected, elaborate, published, swinburne, reminiscent, alliteration, particularly, autobiographical


Alfred the Great (also spelled Ælfred;  – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf and his first wife Osburh, who both died when Alfred was young. Three of Alfred's brothers, Æthelbald, Æthelberht and Æthelred, reigned in turn before him. Under Alfred's rule, considerable administrative and military reforms were introduced, prompting lasting change in England.

æthelberht, and, 899, also, osburh, were, alfred, æthelred, and, s, anglo, king, son, military, spelled, 899, of, king, introduced, until, alfred, of, him, the, england, three, saxons, brothers, and, saxons, 26, october, reforms, considerable, first, under, to, in, reigned, 871, the, and, in, alfred, was, of, s, alfred, king, he, before, from, 886, change, æthelbald, when, west, wife, lasting, of, æthelwulf, died, administrative, great, was, death, from, prompting, young, who, turn, his, the, 886, his, in, ælfred, both, the, was, rule, youngest

26, 871, 886, 886, 899, 899, administrative, alfred, alfred, alfred, alfred, also, and, and, and, and, anglo, before, both, brothers, change, considerable, death, died, england, first, from, from, great, he, him, his, his, in, in, in, introduced, king, king, king, lasting, military, october, of, of, of, of, osburh, prompting, reforms, reigned, rule, s, s, saxons, saxons, son, spelled, the, the, the, the, three, to, turn, under, until, was, was, was, were, west, when, who, wife, young, youngest, ælfred, æthelbald, æthelberht, æthelred, æthelwulf

s, s, 26, he, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, to, 871, 886, 886, 899, 899, and, and, and, and, him, his, his, son, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, who, also, both, died, from, from, king, king, king, rule, turn, were, west, when, wife, anglo, death, first, great, three, under, until, young, alfred, alfred, alfred, alfred, before, change, osburh, saxons, saxons, ælfred, england, lasting, october, reforms, reigned, spelled, brothers, military, youngest, æthelred, prompting, æthelbald, æthelwulf, introduced, æthelberht, considerable, administrative


Alessandro Algardi (July 31, 1598 – June 10, 1654) was an Italian high-Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome. In the latter decades of his life, he was, along with Francesco Borromini and Pietro da Cortona, one of the major rivals of Gian Lorenzo Bernini, in Rome. He is now most admired for his portrait busts that have great vivacity and dignity.

10, francesco, busts, dignity, rome, and, sculptor, in, active, and, his, vivacity, admired, baroque, the, latter, pietro, of, decades, was, lorenzo, borromini, he, algardi, along, bernini, the, july, an, in, 1654, da, cortona, is, was, rivals, high, great, 1598, most, that, italian, for, one, now, he, gian, rome, almost, of, life, exclusively, portrait, of, june, in, with, alessandro, major, have, his, 31

10, 1598, 1654, 31, active, admired, alessandro, algardi, almost, along, an, and, and, baroque, bernini, borromini, busts, cortona, da, decades, dignity, exclusively, for, francesco, gian, great, have, he, he, high, his, his, in, in, in, is, italian, july, june, latter, life, lorenzo, major, most, now, of, of, of, one, pietro, portrait, rivals, rome, rome, sculptor, that, the, the, vivacity, was, was, with

10, 31, an, da, he, he, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, and, and, for, his, his, now, one, the, the, was, was, 1598, 1654, gian, have, high, july, june, life, most, rome, rome, that, with, along, busts, great, major, active, almost, latter, pietro, rivals, admired, algardi, baroque, bernini, cortona, decades, dignity, italian, lorenzo, portrait, sculptor, vivacity, borromini, francesco, alessandro, exclusively


Aloe (; also written Aloë) is a genus containing over 650 species of flowering succulent plants. The most widely known  species is Aloe vera, or "true aloe". It is called this because it is cultivated as the standard source for assorted pharmaceutical purposes. Other species, such as Aloe ferox, are also cultivated or harvested from the wild for similar applications.

also, other, is, as, the, wild, applications, also, succulent, it, as, are, widely, for, assorted, for, harvested, called, pharmaceutical, aloë, purposes, or, known, is, flowering, source, written, ferox, the, standard, it, aloe, of, cultivated, the, genus, vera, is, this, species, most, similar, true, because, over, aloe, cultivated, a, such, or, plants, containing, species, species, from, 650, aloe, is, aloe

650, a, aloe, aloe, aloe, aloe, aloë, also, also, applications, are, as, as, assorted, because, called, containing, cultivated, cultivated, ferox, flowering, for, for, from, genus, harvested, is, is, is, is, it, it, known, most, of, or, or, other, over, pharmaceutical, plants, purposes, similar, source, species, species, species, standard, succulent, such, the, the, the, this, true, vera, widely, wild, written

a, as, as, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, or, or, 650, are, for, for, the, the, the, aloe, aloe, aloe, aloe, aloë, also, also, from, most, over, such, this, true, vera, wild, ferox, genus, known, other, called, plants, source, widely, because, similar, species, species, species, written, assorted, purposes, standard, flowering, harvested, succulent, containing, cultivated, cultivated, applications, pharmaceutical


Alyattes (Lydian language:  ;   ; reigned c. 635-585 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges. He died after a reign of 57 years and was succeeded by his son Croesus.

he, in, sadyattes, by, of, lydia, croesus, and, of, c, of, gyges, reigned, dynasty, succeeded, fourth, was, after, grandson, lydian, king, the, years, described, 585, the, great, reign, ardys, and, i, language, a, the, his, died, 57, of, as, mermnad, 635, was, alyattes, bc, of, sometimes, alyattes, son, grandson, son

57, 585, 635, a, after, alyattes, alyattes, and, and, ardys, as, bc, by, c, croesus, described, died, dynasty, fourth, grandson, grandson, great, gyges, he, his, i, in, king, language, lydia, lydian, mermnad, of, of, of, of, of, reign, reigned, sadyattes, sometimes, son, son, succeeded, the, the, the, was, was, years

a, c, i, 57, as, bc, by, he, in, of, of, of, of, of, 585, 635, and, and, his, son, son, the, the, the, was, was, died, king, after, ardys, great, gyges, lydia, reign, years, fourth, lydian, croesus, dynasty, mermnad, reigned, alyattes, alyattes, grandson, grandson, language, described, sadyattes, sometimes, succeeded


Afonso I of Portugal (; 1106/1109/11111185), also called Afonso Henriques, nicknamed the Conqueror () and the Founder () by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali (in Arabic  "the Portuguese") and Ibn-Arrink or Ibn Arrinq (in Arabic  or  "son of Henry", "Henriques") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first king of Portugal. He achieved the independence of the County of Portugal, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the , an objective that he pursued until his death.

portuguese, the, henry, and, 1109, portugal, portuguese, 11111185, by, also, son, the, new, kingdom, portugal, ibn, until, and, afonso, he, with, henriques, arrinq, his, was, arabic, el, that, he, ibn, king, whom, of, of, arrink, the, a, nicknamed, county, in, pursued, establishing, henriques, fought, the, the, bortukali, objective, the, of, the, and, doubling, of, achieved, and, death, or, or, of, first, 1106, in, portugal, i, its, afonso, the, conqueror, area, called, founder, arabic, independence, an, he, moors, the, by

1106, 1109, 11111185, a, achieved, afonso, afonso, also, an, and, and, and, and, arabic, arabic, area, arrink, arrinq, bortukali, by, by, called, conqueror, county, death, doubling, el, establishing, first, fought, founder, he, he, he, henriques, henriques, henry, his, i, ibn, ibn, in, in, independence, its, king, kingdom, moors, new, nicknamed, objective, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, portugal, portugal, portugal, portuguese, portuguese, pursued, son, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, until, was, whom, with

a, i, an, by, by, el, he, he, he, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, and, and, and, and, his, ibn, ibn, its, new, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1106, 1109, also, area, king, that, whom, with, death, first, henry, moors, until, afonso, afonso, arabic, arabic, arrink, arrinq, called, county, fought, founder, kingdom, pursued, 11111185, achieved, doubling, portugal, portugal, portugal, bortukali, conqueror, henriques, henriques, nicknamed, objective, portuguese, portuguese, establishing, independence


Afonso II (; English: Alphonzo; Archaic Portuguese: Affonso; Portuguese-Galician: Alfonso or Alphonso; Latin: Alphonsus; 23 April 118525 March 1223), nicknamed the Fat (o Gordo) or the Leper (o Gafo), was the third king of Portugal and the second but eldest surviving son of Sancho I of Portugal and Dulce of Aragon. Afonso succeeded his father on 27 March 1211.

his, portuguese, the, 27, second, of, eldest, latin, 23, aragon, the, but, portugal, was, english, alphonzo, of, i, gordo, of, afonso, father, fat, april, affonso, 118525, or, of, 1223, and, march, the, third, surviving, archaic, son, ii, leper, o, portuguese, succeeded, portugal, dulce, or, o, alphonso, and, on, afonso, alfonso, the, nicknamed, 1211, sancho, march, king, gafo, galician, alphonsus

118525, 1211, 1223, 23, 27, affonso, afonso, afonso, alfonso, alphonso, alphonsus, alphonzo, and, and, april, aragon, archaic, but, dulce, eldest, english, fat, father, gafo, galician, gordo, his, i, ii, king, latin, leper, march, march, nicknamed, o, o, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, portugal, portugal, portuguese, portuguese, sancho, second, son, succeeded, surviving, the, the, the, the, third, was

i, o, o, 23, 27, ii, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, and, and, but, fat, his, son, the, the, the, the, was, 1211, 1223, gafo, king, april, dulce, gordo, latin, leper, march, march, third, 118525, afonso, afonso, aragon, eldest, father, sancho, second, affonso, alfonso, archaic, english, alphonso, alphonzo, galician, portugal, portugal, alphonsus, nicknamed, succeeded, surviving, portuguese, portuguese


Afonso III (; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin),  the Boulonnais (Port. o Bolonhês), King of Portugal (5 May 121016 February 1279) was the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249. He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who died on 4 January 1248.

son, ii, 1279, portugal, from, of, portugal, sancho, his, alfonso, or, 1249, galician, iii, port, may, was, brother, the, urraca, rare, portugal, of, king, alphonso, king, 1248, january, the, or, king, affonso, the, king, of, ii, second, he, first, boulonnais, afonso, archaic, and, on, the, o, use, algarve, or, latin, bolonhês, of, wife, died, of, alternatives, 4, and, of, alphonsus, succeeded, afonso, 5, to, portuguese, 121016, alphonzo, title, the, february, portugal, who, or, he, english, portuguese, alphonse, his, was, castile

121016, 1248, 1249, 1279, 4, 5, affonso, afonso, afonso, alfonso, algarve, alphonse, alphonso, alphonsus, alphonzo, alternatives, and, and, archaic, bolonhês, boulonnais, brother, castile, died, english, february, first, from, galician, he, he, his, his, ii, ii, iii, january, king, king, king, king, latin, may, o, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, or, port, portugal, portugal, portugal, portugal, portuguese, portuguese, rare, sancho, second, son, succeeded, the, the, the, the, the, title, to, urraca, use, was, was, who, wife

4, 5, o, he, he, ii, ii, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, or, to, and, and, his, his, iii, may, son, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, was, who, 1248, 1249, 1279, died, from, king, king, king, king, port, rare, wife, first, latin, title, 121016, afonso, afonso, sancho, second, urraca, affonso, alfonso, algarve, archaic, brother, castile, english, january, alphonse, alphonso, alphonzo, bolonhês, february, galician, portugal, portugal, portugal, portugal, alphonsus, succeeded, boulonnais, portuguese, portuguese, alternatives


Afonso VI (; 21 August 164312 September 1683), known as "the Victorious" (), was the second king of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa de Guzmán, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, the Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 3rd Count of Castelo Melhor.

1662, vasconcelos, death, august, the, king, power, he, portugal, luisa, with, as, the, 1683, his, when, he, convent, of, de, of, was, took, until, of, her, from, sousa, count, e, initially, melhor, braganza, his, mother, the, a, house, 1656, guzmán, was, vi, favourite, luís, of, regency, help, afonso, 164312, of, september, of, castelo, removed, under, known, second, 3rd, 21, the, his, the, de, until, and, to, victorious, the

164312, 1656, 1662, 1683, 21, 3rd, a, afonso, and, as, august, braganza, castelo, convent, count, de, de, death, e, favourite, from, guzmán, he, he, help, her, his, his, his, house, initially, king, known, luisa, luís, melhor, mother, of, of, of, of, of, of, portugal, power, regency, removed, second, september, sousa, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, took, under, until, until, vasconcelos, vi, victorious, was, was, when, with

a, e, 21, as, de, de, he, he, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, vi, 3rd, and, her, his, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1656, 1662, 1683, from, help, king, luís, took, when, with, count, death, house, known, luisa, power, sousa, under, until, until, 164312, afonso, august, guzmán, melhor, mother, second, castelo, convent, regency, removed, braganza, portugal, favourite, initially, september, victorious, vasconcelos


Alfonso II of Asturias (842), nicknamed the Chaste (), was the king of Asturias during two different periods: first in the year 783 and later from 791 until his death in 842. Upon his death, Nepotian, a family member of undetermined relation, attempted to usurp the crown in place of the future Ramiro I.

in, ramiro, the, usurp, and, death, of, until, periods, family, of, was, in, undetermined, future, of, later, year, the, 791, asturias, ii, nepotian, two, the, during, to, chaste, 842, the, 783, asturias, 842, attempted, member, his, king, alfonso, crown, i, relation, in, of, death, different, from, a, first, upon, nicknamed, his, the, place

783, 791, 842, 842, a, alfonso, and, asturias, asturias, attempted, chaste, crown, death, death, different, during, family, first, from, future, his, his, i, ii, in, in, in, king, later, member, nepotian, nicknamed, of, of, of, of, periods, place, ramiro, relation, the, the, the, the, the, to, two, undetermined, until, upon, usurp, was, year

a, i, ii, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, to, 783, 791, 842, 842, and, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, from, king, upon, year, crown, death, death, first, later, place, until, usurp, chaste, during, family, future, member, ramiro, alfonso, periods, asturias, asturias, nepotian, relation, attempted, different, nicknamed, undetermined


Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo de Borbón y Borbón; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador (Spanish: the Peacemaker), was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.

to, asís, as, in, de, king, alfonso, november, borbón, gregorio, december, known, spanish, el, 185725, of, was, november, y, concepción, maría, 1874, de, pacificador, 28, spain, francisco, xii, peacemaker, his, fernando, also, la, 1885, pío, death, 29, from, the, alfonso, borbón, de, juan, 1885, pelayo

185725, 1874, 1885, 1885, 28, 29, alfonso, alfonso, also, as, asís, borbón, borbón, concepción, de, de, de, death, december, el, fernando, francisco, from, gregorio, his, in, juan, king, known, la, maría, november, november, of, pacificador, peacemaker, pelayo, pío, spain, spanish, the, to, was, xii, y

y, 28, 29, as, de, de, de, el, in, la, of, to, his, pío, the, was, xii, 1874, 1885, 1885, also, asís, from, juan, king, death, known, maría, spain, 185725, borbón, borbón, pelayo, alfonso, alfonso, spanish, december, fernando, gregorio, november, november, francisco, concepción, peacemaker, pacificador


Amaryllis () is the only genus in the subtribe Amaryllidinae (tribe Amaryllideae). It is a small genus of flowering bulbs, with two species. The better known of the two, Amaryllis belladonna, is a native of the Western Cape region of South Africa, particularly the rocky southwest area between the Olifants River Valley and Knysna.

it, with, is, the, genus, rocky, in, the, a, is, of, small, and, valley, amaryllidinae, tribe, bulbs, amaryllis, amaryllideae, africa, a, species, of, is, only, two, the, the, flowering, native, knysna, known, subtribe, of, the, southwest, genus, south, better, particularly, olifants, area, of, between, river, the, cape, region, the, two, western, amaryllis, belladonna

a, a, africa, amaryllideae, amaryllidinae, amaryllis, amaryllis, and, area, belladonna, better, between, bulbs, cape, flowering, genus, genus, in, is, is, is, it, known, knysna, native, of, of, of, of, olifants, only, particularly, region, river, rocky, small, south, southwest, species, subtribe, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tribe, two, two, valley, western, with

a, a, in, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, two, area, cape, only, with, bulbs, genus, genus, known, river, rocky, small, south, tribe, africa, better, knysna, native, region, valley, between, species, western, olifants, subtribe, amaryllis, amaryllis, flowering, southwest, belladonna, amaryllideae, particularly, amaryllidinae


Alfonso III (4 November 1265 – 18 June 1291), called the Liberal (el Liberal) and the Free (also "the Frank", from el Franc), was king of Aragon and Valencia, and count of Barcelona (as ) from 1285 until his death. He conquered the Kingdom of Majorca between his succession and 1287.

barcelona, november, kingdom, of, conquered, his, as, and, 18, liberal, of, succession, the, 1265, liberal, death, el, until, 1285, iii, of, from, the, king, june, was, called, he, valencia, aragon, from, and, also, 1287, 1291, the, franc, majorca, between, frank, the, alfonso, his, el, and, free, and, count, 4

1265, 1285, 1287, 1291, 18, 4, alfonso, also, and, and, and, and, aragon, as, barcelona, between, called, conquered, count, death, el, el, franc, frank, free, from, from, he, his, his, iii, june, king, kingdom, liberal, liberal, majorca, november, of, of, of, succession, the, the, the, the, until, valencia, was

4, 18, as, el, el, he, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, his, his, iii, the, the, the, the, was, 1265, 1285, 1287, 1291, also, free, from, from, june, king, count, death, franc, frank, until, aragon, called, alfonso, between, kingdom, liberal, liberal, majorca, november, valencia, barcelona, conquered, succession


Alfonso IV, called the Kind (also the Gentle or the Nice, ) (2 November 1299 – 24 January 1336) was King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona (as Alfons III) from 1327 to his death. His reign saw the incorporation of the County of Urgell, Duchy of Athens, and Duchy of Neopatria into the Crown of Aragon.

king, 24, aragon, neopatria, and, the, of, to, 2, reign, the, into, as, of, 1299, called, of, the, alfons, aragon, barcelona, urgell, of, november, athens, incorporation, the, death, of, kind, duchy, his, the, crown, and, count, from, saw, or, duchy, iii, also, january, his, of, gentle, county, the, nice, was, of, 1336, 1327, alfonso, iv

1299, 1327, 1336, 2, 24, alfons, alfonso, also, and, and, aragon, aragon, as, athens, barcelona, called, count, county, crown, death, duchy, duchy, from, gentle, his, his, iii, incorporation, into, iv, january, kind, king, neopatria, nice, november, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, reign, saw, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, urgell, was

2, 24, as, iv, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, and, and, his, his, iii, saw, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1299, 1327, 1336, also, from, into, kind, king, nice, count, crown, death, duchy, duchy, reign, alfons, aragon, aragon, athens, called, county, gentle, urgell, alfonso, january, november, barcelona, neopatria, incorporation


Amathus or Amathous () was an ancient city and one of the ancient royal cities of Cyprus until about 300 BC. Some of its remains can be seen today on the southern coast in front of Agios Tychonas, about  west of Larnaca and  east of Limassol. Its ancient cult sanctuary of Aphrodite was the second most important in Cyprus, her homeland, after Paphos.

its, most, coast, city, homeland, limassol, and, about, was, remains, of, ancient, was, today, the, can, cyprus, its, royal, until, some, ancient, about, after, important, aphrodite, the, front, 300, her, of, and, one, be, in, in, amathous, east, of, of, west, amathus, agios, an, of, cult, second, on, seen, cyprus, or, cities, paphos, tychonas, ancient, larnaca, bc, of, of, the, sanctuary, southern

300, about, about, after, agios, amathous, amathus, an, ancient, ancient, ancient, and, and, aphrodite, bc, be, can, cities, city, coast, cult, cyprus, cyprus, east, front, her, homeland, important, in, in, its, its, larnaca, limassol, most, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, one, or, paphos, remains, royal, sanctuary, second, seen, some, southern, the, the, the, today, tychonas, until, was, was, west

an, bc, be, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, 300, and, and, can, her, its, its, one, the, the, the, was, was, city, cult, east, most, seen, some, west, about, about, after, agios, coast, front, royal, today, until, cities, cyprus, cyprus, paphos, second, amathus, ancient, ancient, ancient, larnaca, remains, amathous, homeland, limassol, southern, tychonas, aphrodite, important, sanctuary


Alphons (Latinized Alphonsus, Adelphonsus, or Adefonsus) is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. In the later medieval period it became a standard name in the Hispanic and Portuguese royal families.

period, 757, name, the, royal, asturias, states, latinized, families, in, kingdom, the, in, recorded, the, the, hispanic, in, i, a, became, iberian, portuguese, standard, from, 8th, successor, adefonsus, century, alfonso, of, later, adelphonsus, 739, visigothic, alphonsus, male, and, a, r, given, medieval, is, name, it, christian, alphons, of, or, peninsula, the, the, in

739, 757, 8th, a, a, adefonsus, adelphonsus, alfonso, alphons, alphonsus, and, asturias, became, century, christian, families, from, given, hispanic, i, iberian, in, in, in, in, is, it, kingdom, later, latinized, male, medieval, name, name, of, of, or, peninsula, period, portuguese, r, recorded, royal, standard, states, successor, the, the, the, the, the, the, visigothic

a, a, i, r, in, in, in, in, is, it, of, of, or, 739, 757, 8th, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, from, male, name, name, given, later, royal, became, period, states, alfonso, alphons, century, iberian, kingdom, asturias, families, hispanic, medieval, recorded, standard, adefonsus, alphonsus, christian, latinized, peninsula, successor, portuguese, visigothic, adelphonsus


Amati (, ) is the last name of a family of Italian violin makers who lived at Cremona from about 1538 to 1740. Their importance is considered equal to those of the Bergonzi, Guarneri, and Stradivari families. Today, violins created by Nicolò Amati are valued at around $600,000. Because of their age and rarity, Amati instruments are mostly kept in museum or private collections and are seldom played in public.

around, bergonzi, at, in, at, and, created, those, the, of, and, mostly, kept, of, amati, are, a, family, equal, of, museum, importance, private, from, public, violin, are, 000, 1538, stradivari, 600, families, the, italian, played, nicolò, to, valued, or, their, considered, in, 1740, is, about, collections, by, to, their, violins, because, age, makers, amati, cremona, amati, name, last, lived, seldom, today, and, is, are, guarneri, rarity, of, who, instruments

000, 1538, 1740, 600, a, about, age, amati, amati, amati, and, and, and, are, are, are, around, at, at, because, bergonzi, by, collections, considered, created, cremona, equal, families, family, from, guarneri, importance, in, in, instruments, is, is, italian, kept, last, lived, makers, mostly, museum, name, nicolò, of, of, of, of, or, played, private, public, rarity, seldom, stradivari, the, the, their, their, those, to, to, today, valued, violin, violins, who

a, at, at, by, in, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, 000, 600, age, and, and, and, are, are, are, the, the, who, 1538, 1740, from, kept, last, name, about, amati, amati, amati, equal, lived, their, their, those, today, around, family, makers, mostly, museum, nicolò, played, public, rarity, seldom, valued, violin, because, created, cremona, italian, private, violins, bergonzi, families, guarneri, considered, importance, stradivari, collections, instruments


Alfonso II may refer to:
Alfonso II of Asturias (791–842)
Alfonso II of Aragon (1162–1196)
Alfonso II, Count of Provence (1174–1209)
Afonso II of Portugal (1185–1223), "the Fat"
Alfonso, Count of Poitou (1220–1271), jure uxoris Alfonso II, Count of Toulouse
Alfonso II, Duke of Gandia (–1422)
Alfonso II of Naples (1448–1495)
Alfonso II Piccolomini (1499–1559), Neapolitan nobleman and military leader
Alfonso II d'Este (1533–1597), duke of Ferrara

1422, poitou, count, 1597, 1185, nobleman, of, 1495, and, of, ii, 1196, este, aragon, 1174, alfonso, may, of, ii, alfonso, 1209, of, alfonso, duke, 1499, to, ferrara, ii, leader, 1220, ii, alfonso, duke, 1223, asturias, ii, afonso, 791, of, ii, piccolomini, ii, 1271, alfonso, count, neapolitan, 842, 1448, uxoris, of, naples, alfonso, of, military, jure, portugal, 1533, of, provence, ii, of, refer, ii, ii, fat, alfonso, 1162, count, the, alfonso, d, alfonso, toulouse, gandia, 1559, alfonso

1162, 1174, 1185, 1196, 1209, 1220, 1223, 1271, 1422, 1448, 1495, 1499, 1533, 1559, 1597, 791, 842, afonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, and, aragon, asturias, count, count, count, d, duke, duke, este, fat, ferrara, gandia, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, jure, leader, may, military, naples, neapolitan, nobleman, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, piccolomini, poitou, portugal, provence, refer, the, to, toulouse, uxoris

d, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, ii, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, 791, 842, and, fat, may, the, 1162, 1174, 1185, 1196, 1209, 1220, 1223, 1271, 1422, 1448, 1495, 1499, 1533, 1559, 1597, duke, duke, este, jure, count, count, count, refer, afonso, aragon, gandia, leader, naples, poitou, uxoris, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, alfonso, ferrara, asturias, military, nobleman, portugal, provence, toulouse, neapolitan, piccolomini


Ambergris ( or , , ), ambergrease, or grey amber is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, fecal odor. It acquires a sweet, earthy scent as it ages, commonly likened to the fragrance of isopropyl alcohol without the vaporous chemical astringency.

fragrance, produced, a, ambergris, acquires, in, vaporous, system, or, odor, a, of, a, chemical, dull, solid, fecal, earthy, isopropyl, ambergris, waxy, as, digestive, to, whales, grey, or, astringency, a, sweet, commonly, amber, colour, likened, of, sperm, alcohol, blackish, is, has, produced, marine, the, flammable, ages, it, without, of, it, or, ambergrease, grey, the, freshly, scent, the, substance

a, a, a, a, acquires, ages, alcohol, amber, ambergrease, ambergris, ambergris, as, astringency, blackish, chemical, colour, commonly, digestive, dull, earthy, fecal, flammable, fragrance, freshly, grey, grey, has, in, is, isopropyl, it, it, likened, marine, odor, of, of, of, or, or, or, produced, produced, scent, solid, sperm, substance, sweet, system, the, the, the, to, vaporous, waxy, whales, without

a, a, a, a, as, in, is, it, it, of, of, of, or, or, or, to, has, the, the, the, ages, dull, grey, grey, odor, waxy, amber, fecal, scent, solid, sperm, sweet, colour, earthy, marine, system, whales, alcohol, freshly, likened, without, acquires, blackish, chemical, commonly, produced, produced, vaporous, ambergris, ambergris, digestive, flammable, fragrance, isopropyl, substance, ambergrease, astringency


Ambiorix (Gaulish "king of the surroundings", or "king-protector") ( 54–53 BC) was, together with Cativolcus, prince of the Eburones, leader of a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica), where modern Belgium is located. In the nineteenth century Ambiorix became a Belgian national hero because of his resistance against Julius Caesar, as written in Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico.

belgica, 53, as, with, surroundings, of, prince, hero, bello, in, caesar, the, the, belgic, julius, gaul, caesar, because, north, modern, nineteenth, written, or, located, gaulish, became, ambiorix, commentarii, eburones, a, ambiorix, where, cativolcus, bc, belgian, against, century, of, was, king, in, tribe, de, 54, gallia, belgium, of, king, a, of, together, national, the, resistance, eastern, is, of, leader, his, protector, gallico, s

53, 54, a, a, against, ambiorix, ambiorix, as, bc, became, because, belgian, belgic, belgica, belgium, bello, caesar, caesar, cativolcus, century, commentarii, de, eastern, eburones, gallia, gallico, gaul, gaulish, hero, his, in, in, is, julius, king, king, leader, located, modern, national, nineteenth, north, of, of, of, of, of, or, prince, protector, resistance, s, surroundings, the, the, the, together, tribe, was, where, with, written

a, a, s, 53, 54, as, bc, de, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, or, his, the, the, the, was, gaul, hero, king, king, with, bello, north, tribe, where, became, belgic, caesar, caesar, gallia, julius, leader, modern, prince, against, because, belgian, belgica, belgium, century, eastern, gallico, gaulish, located, written, ambiorix, ambiorix, eburones, national, together, protector, cativolcus, nineteenth, resistance, commentarii, surroundings


Ambrosiaster or Pseudo-Ambrose is the name given to the unknown author of a commentary on the epistles of Saint Paul, written some time between 366 and 384AD. The name "Ambrosiaster" in Latin means "would-be Ambrose". Various conjectures have been made as to Ambrosiaster's true identity, and several other works have been attributed to the same author, with varying degrees of certainty.

have, ambrose, of, the, to, is, attributed, given, saint, degrees, author, author, or, means, pseudo, some, s, name, of, true, the, on, certainty, a, other, ambrose, of, epistles, been, commentary, been, as, to, several, be, same, name, and, varying, the, ambrosiaster, ambrosiaster, and, would, to, 384ad, unknown, have, between, the, 366, conjectures, works, the, paul, made, in, with, latin, ambrosiaster, time, various, written, identity

366, 384ad, a, ambrose, ambrose, ambrosiaster, ambrosiaster, ambrosiaster, and, and, as, attributed, author, author, be, been, been, between, certainty, commentary, conjectures, degrees, epistles, given, have, have, identity, in, is, latin, made, means, name, name, of, of, of, on, or, other, paul, pseudo, s, saint, same, several, some, the, the, the, the, the, time, to, to, to, true, unknown, various, varying, with, works, would, written

a, s, as, be, in, is, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, to, 366, and, and, the, the, the, the, the, been, been, have, have, made, name, name, paul, same, some, time, true, with, 384ad, given, latin, means, other, saint, works, would, author, author, pseudo, ambrose, ambrose, between, degrees, several, unknown, various, varying, written, epistles, identity, certainty, attributed, commentary, conjectures, ambrosiaster, ambrosiaster, ambrosiaster


Ammon (Ammonite: 𐤏𐤌𐤍 ʻAmān;  ; ) was an ancient Semitic-speaking kingdom occupying the east of the Jordan River, between the torrent valleys of Arnon and Jabbok, in present-day Jordan. The chief city of the country was Rabbah or Rabbat Ammon, site of the modern city of Amman, Jordan's capital. Milcom and Molech are named in the Hebrew Bible as the gods of Ammon. The people of this kingdom are called Children of Ammon or Ammonites.

jabbok, are, the, the, semitic, site, ammon, ammon, ancient, of, capital, of, east, present, kingdom, jordan, and, rabbat, was, rabbah, between, of, are, arnon, hebrew, or, of, day, this, occupying, amman, the, the, bible, in, as, an, of, torrent, milcom, children, people, or, ammon, city, molech, country, in, of, jordan, was, ammonites, of, the, named, ammon, the, 𐤏𐤌𐤍, the, ʻamān, river, valleys, called, s, kingdom, speaking, modern, city, ammonite, the, jordan, chief, the, and, gods, of

amman, ammon, ammon, ammon, ammon, ammonite, ammonites, an, ancient, and, and, are, are, arnon, as, between, bible, called, capital, chief, children, city, city, country, day, east, gods, hebrew, in, in, jabbok, jordan, jordan, jordan, kingdom, kingdom, milcom, modern, molech, named, occupying, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, people, present, rabbah, rabbat, river, s, semitic, site, speaking, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, torrent, valleys, was, was, ʻamān, 𐤏𐤌𐤍

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Ammonius Hermiae (; ;  – between 517 and 526) was a Greek philosopher from Alexandria in the eastern Roman empire during Late Antiquity. A Neoplatonist, he was the son of the philosophers Hermias and Aedesia, the brother of Heliodorus of Alexandria and the grandson of Syrianus. Ammonius was a pupil of Proclus in Roman Athens, and taught at Alexandria for most of his life, having obtained a public chair in the 470s.

brother, ammonius, of, the, in, roman, a, neoplatonist, pupil, 526, of, son, greek, empire, and, during, the, heliodorus, 517, of, public, alexandria, and, of, and, late, having, for, hermias, philosopher, philosophers, 470s, of, of, aedesia, syrianus, was, roman, antiquity, alexandria, from, and, the, hermiae, in, a, a, life, eastern, athens, the, in, was, the, a, alexandria, ammonius, taught, at, most, his, he, the, grandson, proclus, chair, obtained, was, between

470s, 517, 526, a, a, a, a, aedesia, alexandria, alexandria, alexandria, ammonius, ammonius, and, and, and, and, antiquity, at, athens, between, brother, chair, during, eastern, empire, for, from, grandson, greek, having, he, heliodorus, hermiae, hermias, his, in, in, in, late, life, most, neoplatonist, obtained, of, of, of, of, of, of, philosopher, philosophers, proclus, public, pupil, roman, roman, son, syrianus, taught, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was

a, a, a, a, at, he, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, 517, 526, and, and, and, and, for, his, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, 470s, from, late, life, most, chair, greek, pupil, roman, roman, athens, during, empire, having, public, taught, aedesia, between, brother, eastern, hermiae, hermias, proclus, ammonius, ammonius, grandson, obtained, syrianus, antiquity, alexandria, alexandria, alexandria, heliodorus, philosopher, neoplatonist, philosophers