Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed "bio-weapons", "biological threat agents", or "bio-agents") are living organisms or replicating entities (i.e. viruses, which are not universally considered "alive"). Entomological (insect) warfare is a subtype of biological warfare.

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Brian Charles Lara,  (born 2 May 1969) is a Trinidadian former international cricketer, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. He topped the Test batting rankings on several occasions and holds several cricketing records, including the record for the highest individual score in first-class cricket, with 501 not out for Warwickshire against Durham at Edgbaston in 1994, which is the only quintuple-hundred in first-class cricket history. As captain, Lara led the West Indies team to win the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy, the first time the team won any major ICC trophy since winning the 1979 Cricket World Cup.

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Boiled leather, often referred to by its French translation, cuir bouilli (), was a historical material common in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period and used for various purposes. It was leather that had been treated so that it became tough and rigid, as well as able to hold moulded decoration. It was the usual material for the robust carrying-cases that were made for important pieces of metalwork, instruments such as astrolabes, personal sets of cutlery, books, pens and the like. It was used for some armour, being both much cheaper and much lighter than plate armour, but could not withstand a direct blow from a blade, nor a gunshot.

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a, a, a, a, as, as, as, by, in, it, it, it, it, of, of, so, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, but, for, for, for, for, had, its, nor, not, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, able, ages, been, blow, both, cuir, from, hold, like, made, much, much, pens, sets, some, such, than, that, that, that, used, used, well, were, being, blade, books, cases, could, early, often, plate, rigid, tough, usual, armour, armour, became, boiled, common, direct, french, middle, modern, period, pieces, robust, bouilli, cheaper, cutlery, gunshot, leather, leather, lighter, moulded, treated, various, carrying, material, material, personal, purposes, referred, important, metalwork, withstand, astrolabes, decoration, historical, instruments, translation


The Book of Judges (, ) is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. In the narrative of the Hebrew Bible, it covers the time between the conquest described in the Book of Joshua and the establishment of a kingdom in the Books of Samuel, during which biblical judges served as temporary leaders. The stories follow a consistent pattern: the people are unfaithful to Yahweh; he therefore delivers them into the hands of their enemies; the people repent and entreat Yahweh for mercy, which he sends in the form of a leader or champion (a "judge"; see shophet); the judge delivers the Israelites from oppression and they prosper, but soon they fall again into unfaithfulness and the cycle is repeated. Scholars consider many of the stories in Judges to be the oldest in the Deuteronomistic history, with their major redaction dated to the 8th century BCE and with materials such as the Song of Deborah dating from much earlier.

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a, a, a, a, as, as, be, he, he, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, to, 8th, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, bce, but, for, old, see, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, book, book, book, fall, form, from, from, into, into, many, much, song, soon, such, them, they, they, time, with, with, again, bible, bible, books, cycle, dated, hands, judge, judge, major, mercy, sends, their, their, which, which, covers, dating, during, follow, hebrew, hebrew, joshua, judges, judges, judges, leader, oldest, people, people, repent, samuel, served, yahweh, yahweh, between, century, deborah, earlier, enemies, entreat, history, kingdom, leaders, pattern, prosper, seventh, shophet, stories, stories, biblical, champion, conquest, consider, delivers, delivers, repeated, scholars, christian, described, materials, narrative, redaction, temporary, testament, therefore, consistent, israelites, oppression, unfaithful, establishment, unfaithfulness, deuteronomistic


The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest railway system in history. The first locomotive-hauled public railway opened in 1825, which was followed by an era of rapid expansion. Most of the track is managed by Network Rail, which in 2017 had a network of  of standard-gauge lines, of which  were electrified. These lines range from single to quadruple track or more. In addition, some cities have separate metro, light rail and tram systems (including the extensive and historic London Underground). There are also many private railways (some of them narrow-gauge), which are primarily short lines for tourists. The main rail network is connected with that of continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel and High Speed 1 (originally the Channel Tunnel Rail Link), which fully opened in 1994 and 2007 respectively.

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1, 1825, 1994, 2007, 2017, a, addition, also, an, and, and, and, and, are, are, britain, by, by, by, channel, channel, cities, connected, continental, electrified, era, europe, expansion, extensive, first, followed, for, from, fully, gauge, gauge, great, had, hauled, have, high, historic, history, in, in, in, in, in, in, including, is, is, is, light, lines, lines, lines, link, locomotive, london, main, managed, many, metro, more, most, narrow, network, network, network, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, oldest, opened, opened, or, originally, primarily, private, public, quadruple, rail, rail, rail, rail, railway, railway, railway, railways, range, rapid, respectively, separate, short, single, some, some, speed, standard, system, system, systems, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, them, there, these, to, tourists, track, track, tram, tunnel, tunnel, underground, was, were, which, which, which, which, which, with

1, a, an, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, and, and, and, and, are, are, era, for, had, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1825, 1994, 2007, 2017, also, from, have, high, link, main, many, more, most, rail, rail, rail, rail, some, some, that, them, tram, were, with, first, fully, gauge, gauge, great, light, lines, lines, lines, metro, range, rapid, short, speed, there, these, track, track, which, which, which, which, which, cities, europe, hauled, london, narrow, oldest, opened, opened, public, single, system, system, tunnel, tunnel, britain, channel, channel, history, managed, network, network, network, private, railway, railway, railway, systems, addition, followed, historic, railways, separate, standard, tourists, connected, expansion, extensive, including, primarily, quadruple, locomotive, originally, continental, electrified, underground, respectively


British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was a state-owned company that operated most of the overground rail transport in Great Britain from 1948 to 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the Big Four British railway companies, and was privatised in stages between 1994 and 1997. Originally a trading brand of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission, it became an independent statutory corporation in January 1963, when it was formally renamed the British Railways Board.

became, britain, companies, it, from, 1997, which, of, to, and, overground, railways, of, in, four, british, a, railways, was, br, from, the, when, in, transport, formed, and, statutory, the, it, operated, was, big, brand, rail, the, in, corporation, traded, 1997, of, privatised, 1963, stages, british, renamed, of, 1965, that, was, 1994, it, commission, rail, state, most, railway, january, owned, board, between, from, executive, british, formally, as, british, originally, 1948, was, transport, railway, trading, the, an, nationalisation, a, the, the, independent, british, company, great

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The Book of Job (; ), or simply Job, is a book found in the Ketuvim ("Writings") section of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the first of the Poetic Books in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Scholars generally agree that it was written between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE. It addresses theodicy (why God permits evil in the world) through the experiences of the eponymous protagonist. Job is a wealthy and God-fearing man with a comfortable life and a large family. God asks Satan () for his opinion of Job's piety. When Satan states that Job would turn away from God if he were rendered penniless, without his family, and materially uncomfortable, God allows him to do so to prove Satan wrong.

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The Book of Lamentations (, , from its incipit meaning "how") is a collection of poetic laments for the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. In the Hebrew Bible it appears in the Ketuvim ("Writings") as one of the Five Megillot (or "Five Scrolls") alongside the Song of Songs, Book of Ruth, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther although there is no set order.  In the Christian Old Testament it follows the Book of Jeremiah, as the prophet Jeremiah is its traditional author. However, according to modern scholarship, while the destruction of Jerusalem by Babylon in 586/7 BCE forms the background to the poems, they were most likely not written by Jeremiah. What has been instead proposed is that each of the book's chapters was written by a different anonymous poet, which were then joined to form the book.

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7, a, a, s, as, as, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, no, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, to, 586, 586, and, bce, bce, for, has, how, its, its, not, old, one, set, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, been, book, book, book, book, book, book, each, five, five, form, from, most, poet, ruth, song, that, then, they, were, were, what, bible, forms, order, poems, songs, there, which, while, author, esther, hebrew, joined, likely, modern, poetic, appears, babylon, follows, however, incipit, instead, ketuvim, laments, meaning, prophet, scrolls, written, written, although, chapters, jeremiah, jeremiah, jeremiah, megillot, proposed, writings, according, alongside, anonymous, christian, different, jerusalem, jerusalem, testament, background, collection, destruction, destruction, scholarship, traditional, ecclesiastes, lamentations


Big Brother is a Dutch reality competition television franchise created by John de Mol Jr., first broadcast in the Netherlands in 1999 and subsequently syndicated internationally. The show features contestants called "housemates" or "HouseGuests" who live together in a specially constructed house that is isolated from the outside world. The name is inspired by Big Brother from George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and the housemates are continuously monitored during their stay in the house by live television cameras as well as personal audio microphones. Throughout the course of the competition, they are voted out (usually on a weekly basis) until only one remains and wins the cash prize.

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1999, a, a, a, and, and, and, are, are, as, as, audio, basis, big, big, broadcast, brother, brother, by, by, by, called, cameras, cash, competition, competition, constructed, contestants, continuously, course, created, de, during, dutch, eighty, features, first, four, franchise, from, from, george, house, house, houseguests, housemates, housemates, in, in, in, in, inspired, internationally, is, is, is, isolated, john, jr, live, live, microphones, mol, monitored, name, netherlands, nineteen, novel, of, on, one, only, or, orwell, out, outside, personal, prize, reality, remains, s, show, specially, stay, subsequently, syndicated, television, television, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, they, throughout, together, until, usually, voted, weekly, well, who, wins, world

a, a, a, s, as, as, by, by, by, de, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, jr, of, on, or, and, and, and, are, are, big, big, mol, one, out, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, who, 1999, cash, four, from, from, john, live, live, name, only, show, stay, that, they, well, wins, audio, basis, dutch, first, house, house, novel, prize, their, until, voted, world, called, course, during, eighty, george, orwell, weekly, brother, brother, cameras, created, outside, reality, remains, usually, features, inspired, isolated, nineteen, personal, together, broadcast, franchise, monitored, specially, housemates, housemates, syndicated, television, television, throughout, competition, competition, constructed, contestants, houseguests, microphones, netherlands, continuously, subsequently, internationally


Bristol City Football Club is a professional football club based in Bristol, England, which compete in the , the second tier of English football. They have played their home games at Ashton Gate since moving from St John's Lane in 1904. The club's home colours are red and white, and their nickname is The Robins—a robin featured on the club's badge from 1976 to 1994 and from 2019 onwards. Their main rivals are Bristol Rovers, with whom they contest the Bristol derby, and Cardiff City, with whom they contest the cross-border Severnside derby.

bristol, colours, s, their, nickname, based, are, bristol, is, bristol, city, badge, derby, the, tier, severnside, england, city, ashton, club, robins, the, the, robin, red, from, and, whom, st, club, at, and, and, white, gate, of, is, their, club, in, border, with, on, the, club, derby, in, cross, rovers, s, which, contest, onwards, moving, in, s, featured, are, lane, since, a, they, whom, professional, home, football, to, played, from, bristol, english, their, the, john, rivals, they, main, the, with, compete, cardiff, 1976, contest, they, second, a, football, the, 2019, football, games, have, 1994, 1904, home, and, from

1904, 1976, 1994, 2019, a, a, and, and, and, and, are, are, ashton, at, badge, based, border, bristol, bristol, bristol, bristol, cardiff, city, city, club, club, club, club, colours, compete, contest, contest, cross, derby, derby, england, english, featured, football, football, football, from, from, from, games, gate, have, home, home, in, in, in, is, is, john, lane, main, moving, nickname, of, on, onwards, played, professional, red, rivals, robin, robins, rovers, s, s, s, second, severnside, since, st, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, their, their, they, they, they, tier, to, which, white, whom, whom, with, with

a, a, s, s, s, at, in, in, in, is, is, of, on, st, to, and, and, and, and, are, are, red, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 1904, 1976, 1994, 2019, city, city, club, club, club, club, from, from, from, gate, have, home, home, john, lane, main, they, they, they, tier, whom, whom, with, with, badge, based, cross, derby, derby, games, robin, since, their, their, their, which, white, ashton, border, moving, played, rivals, robins, rovers, second, bristol, bristol, bristol, bristol, cardiff, colours, compete, contest, contest, england, english, onwards, featured, football, football, football, nickname, severnside, professional


Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents include bacteria, viruses, insects, fungi, and/or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same way as in biological warfare. Further, modern agribusiness is vulnerable to anti-agricultural attacks by terrorists, and such attacks can seriously damage economy as well as consumer confidence. The latter destructive activity is called agrobioterrorism and is a subtype of agro-terrorism.

in, activity, a, attacks, of, human, be, further, well, or, bioterrorism, way, viruses, terrorists, toxins, is, is, terrorism, may, biological, confidence, is, form, seriously, warfare, dissemination, same, damage, and, the, latter, attacks, fungi, much, these, agents, occurring, to, as, in, in, of, naturally, agro, and, as, terrorism, destructive, a, modern, the, agrobioterrorism, can, and, as, or, include, bacteria, economy, modified, the, called, release, and, consumer, vulnerable, insects, subtype, biological, agricultural, agents, anti, a, such, agribusiness, intentional, involving, by, or, is

a, a, a, activity, agents, agents, agribusiness, agricultural, agro, agrobioterrorism, and, and, and, and, anti, as, as, as, attacks, attacks, bacteria, be, biological, biological, bioterrorism, by, called, can, confidence, consumer, damage, destructive, dissemination, economy, form, fungi, further, human, in, in, in, include, insects, intentional, involving, is, is, is, is, latter, may, modern, modified, much, naturally, occurring, of, of, or, or, or, release, same, seriously, subtype, such, terrorism, terrorism, terrorists, the, the, the, these, to, toxins, viruses, vulnerable, warfare, way, well

a, a, a, as, as, as, be, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, or, or, or, to, and, and, and, and, can, may, the, the, the, way, agro, anti, form, much, same, such, well, fungi, human, these, agents, agents, called, damage, latter, modern, toxins, attacks, attacks, economy, further, include, insects, release, subtype, viruses, warfare, activity, bacteria, consumer, modified, involving, naturally, occurring, seriously, terrorism, terrorism, biological, biological, confidence, terrorists, vulnerable, destructive, intentional, agribusiness, agricultural, bioterrorism, dissemination, agrobioterrorism


The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, also known as the Stealth Bomber, is an American heavy strategic bomber, featuring low-observable stealth technology designed to penetrate dense anti-aircraft defenses. A subsonic flying wing with a crew of two, the plane was designed by Northrop (later Northrop Grumman) and produced from 1987 to 2000. The bomber can drop conventional and thermonuclear weapons, such as up to eighty  Mk 82 JDAM GPS-guided bombs, or sixteen  B83 nuclear bombs. The B-2 is the only acknowledged in-service aircraft that can carry large air-to-surface standoff weapons in a stealth configuration.

as, to, can, bombs, stealth, northrop, acknowledged, sixteen, b, conventional, flying, bomber, as, up, large, aircraft, is, 2, such, carry, crew, the, and, american, grumman, standoff, northrop, in, designed, the, is, strategic, to, technology, b83, gps, northrop, mk, of, an, surface, was, by, can, b, known, only, guided, bomber, stealth, and, plane, service, in, with, drop, low, subsonic, later, air, to, to, the, anti, configuration, grumman, aircraft, produced, penetrate, nuclear, 1987, a, wing, a, two, the, bomber, or, eighty, weapons, defenses, dense, spirit, weapons, heavy, a, stealth, bombs, jdam, 82, the, thermonuclear, from, featuring, the, 2, observable, also, that, 2000, designed

1987, 2, 2, 2000, 82, a, a, a, acknowledged, air, aircraft, aircraft, also, american, an, and, and, anti, as, as, b, b, b83, bomber, bomber, bomber, bombs, bombs, by, can, can, carry, configuration, conventional, crew, defenses, dense, designed, designed, drop, eighty, featuring, flying, from, gps, grumman, grumman, guided, heavy, in, in, is, is, jdam, known, large, later, low, mk, northrop, northrop, northrop, nuclear, observable, of, only, or, penetrate, plane, produced, service, sixteen, spirit, standoff, stealth, stealth, stealth, strategic, subsonic, such, surface, technology, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, thermonuclear, to, to, to, to, two, up, was, weapons, weapons, wing, with

2, 2, a, a, a, b, b, 82, an, as, as, by, in, in, is, is, mk, of, or, to, to, to, to, up, air, and, and, b83, can, can, gps, low, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, 1987, 2000, also, anti, crew, drop, from, jdam, only, such, that, wing, with, bombs, bombs, carry, dense, heavy, known, large, later, plane, bomber, bomber, bomber, eighty, flying, guided, spirit, grumman, grumman, nuclear, service, sixteen, stealth, stealth, stealth, surface, weapons, weapons, aircraft, aircraft, american, defenses, designed, designed, northrop, northrop, northrop, produced, standoff, subsonic, featuring, penetrate, strategic, observable, technology, acknowledged, conventional, configuration, thermonuclear


Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to . They have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.

and, rodents, two, feet, beaver, and, tree, and, north, large, semiaquatic, c, beaver, are, chisel, like, the, herbivorous, species, existing, can, tail, fur, lakes, hemisphere, bodies, of, two, after, eurasian, the, front, consuming, brown, streams, such, in, found, that, bark, habitats, tails, in, species, long, castor, beavers, they, sedges, and, of, fur, are, be, there, up, shape, beavers, with, scaly, differ, are, the, genus, rodents, skull, or, feet, stout, webbed, to, they, beavers, large, and, like, a, largest, canadensis, grasses, living, back, fiber, aquatic, are, color, weighing, flat, castor, ponds, have, american, second, freshwater, capybaras, gray, northern, plants, the, heads, are, the, as, and, hand, and, incisors, number, rivers

a, after, american, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, aquatic, are, are, are, are, are, as, back, bark, be, beaver, beaver, beavers, beavers, beavers, bodies, brown, c, can, canadensis, capybaras, castor, castor, chisel, color, consuming, differ, eurasian, existing, feet, feet, fiber, flat, found, freshwater, front, fur, fur, genus, grasses, gray, habitats, hand, have, heads, hemisphere, herbivorous, in, in, incisors, lakes, large, large, largest, like, like, living, long, north, northern, number, of, of, or, plants, ponds, rivers, rodents, rodents, scaly, second, sedges, semiaquatic, shape, skull, species, species, stout, streams, such, tail, tails, that, the, the, the, the, the, there, they, they, to, tree, two, two, up, webbed, weighing, with

a, c, as, be, in, in, of, of, or, to, up, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, are, are, can, fur, fur, the, the, the, the, the, two, two, back, bark, feet, feet, flat, gray, hand, have, like, like, long, such, tail, that, they, they, tree, with, after, brown, color, fiber, found, front, genus, heads, lakes, large, large, north, ponds, scaly, shape, skull, stout, tails, there, beaver, beaver, bodies, castor, castor, chisel, differ, living, number, plants, rivers, second, sedges, webbed, aquatic, beavers, beavers, beavers, grasses, largest, rodents, rodents, species, species, streams, american, eurasian, existing, habitats, incisors, northern, weighing, capybaras, consuming, canadensis, freshwater, hemisphere, herbivorous, semiaquatic


Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae (). They are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans.  Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, and Eurasia. Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, small rounded ears, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails.

are, found, or, carnivorans, common, species, short, partially, are, although, are, they, continents, only, modern, and, shaggy, of, five, stocky, the, classified, snouts, the, bodies, as, south, bears, caniforms, paws, of, hemisphere, extant, and, characteristics, a, ears, wide, appearing, northern, of, small, the, in, habitats, hemisphere, nonretractile, of, north, with, ursidae, claws, family, long, carnivoran, doglike, are, with, include, of, america, large, mammals, bears, throughout, in, eurasia, on, are, widespread, most, they, variety, rounded, plantigrade, eight, bears, bears, legs, america, tails, and, of, southern, hair, the

a, although, america, america, and, and, and, appearing, are, are, are, are, are, as, bears, bears, bears, bears, bodies, caniforms, carnivoran, carnivorans, characteristics, classified, claws, common, continents, doglike, ears, eight, eurasia, extant, family, five, found, habitats, hair, hemisphere, hemisphere, in, in, include, large, legs, long, mammals, modern, most, nonretractile, north, northern, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, only, or, partially, paws, plantigrade, rounded, shaggy, short, small, snouts, south, southern, species, stocky, tails, the, the, the, the, they, they, throughout, ursidae, variety, wide, widespread, with, with

a, as, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, and, and, and, are, are, are, are, are, the, the, the, the, ears, five, hair, legs, long, most, only, paws, they, they, wide, with, with, bears, bears, bears, bears, claws, eight, found, large, north, short, small, south, tails, bodies, common, extant, family, modern, shaggy, snouts, stocky, america, america, doglike, eurasia, include, mammals, rounded, species, ursidae, variety, although, habitats, northern, southern, appearing, caniforms, partially, carnivoran, classified, continents, hemisphere, hemisphere, throughout, widespread, carnivorans, plantigrade, nonretractile, characteristics


The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear species found across Eurasia and North America. In North America, the populations of brown bears are called grizzly bears, while the subspecies that inhabits the Kodiak Islands of Alaska is known as the Kodiak bear. It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in size only by its closest relative, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), which is much less variable in size and slightly bigger on average. The brown bear's range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, the Himalayas, China, Canada, the United States, Hokkaido, Scandinavia, Finland, the Balkans, the Picos de Europa and the Carpathian region (especially Romania), Iran, Anatolia, and the Caucasus. The brown bear is recognized as a national and state animal in several European countries.

and, brown, the, of, carnivora, united, the, parts, bears, alaska, includes, several, as, picos, is, north, as, bear, of, ursus, while, of, recognized, and, region, bear, bear, maritimus, the, large, the, russia, on, kodiak, found, de, by, variable, are, european, its, grizzly, largest, bear, the, in, and, brown, only, the, which, iran, caucasus, countries, the, states, is, bigger, the, average, america, scandinavia, asia, and, a, especially, animal, populations, islands, closest, the, is, and, the, europa, national, relative, brown, of, anatolia, it, one, bear, range, inhabits, order, brown, america, the, kodiak, the, terrestrial, much, state, bear, himalayas, hokkaido, in, less, is, rivaled, size, a, the, arctos, canada, carpathian, known, romania, s, the, finland, of, china, polar, the, in, called, balkans, ursus, across, that, bears, size, central, subspecies, the, members, in, eurasia, living, species, north, is, slightly

a, a, across, alaska, america, america, anatolia, and, and, and, and, and, animal, arctos, are, as, as, asia, average, balkans, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bears, bears, bigger, brown, brown, brown, brown, by, called, canada, carnivora, carpathian, caucasus, central, china, closest, countries, de, especially, eurasia, europa, european, finland, found, grizzly, himalayas, hokkaido, in, in, in, in, includes, inhabits, iran, is, is, is, is, is, islands, it, its, known, kodiak, kodiak, large, largest, less, living, maritimus, members, much, national, north, north, of, of, of, of, of, on, one, only, order, parts, picos, polar, populations, range, recognized, region, relative, rivaled, romania, russia, s, scandinavia, several, size, size, slightly, species, state, states, subspecies, terrestrial, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, united, ursus, ursus, variable, which, while

a, a, s, as, as, by, de, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, on, and, and, and, and, and, are, its, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, asia, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, iran, less, much, only, size, size, that, bears, bears, brown, brown, brown, brown, china, found, known, large, north, north, order, parts, picos, polar, range, state, ursus, ursus, which, while, across, alaska, animal, arctos, bigger, called, canada, europa, kodiak, kodiak, living, region, russia, states, united, america, america, average, balkans, central, closest, eurasia, finland, grizzly, islands, largest, members, rivaled, romania, several, species, anatolia, caucasus, european, hokkaido, includes, inhabits, national, relative, slightly, variable, carnivora, countries, himalayas, maritimus, carpathian, especially, recognized, subspecies, populations, scandinavia, terrestrial


Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast.  It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or communally. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations, including ancient Egypt, China, and Mesopotamia, brewed beer. Since the nineteenth century the brewing industry has been part of most western economies.

commercial, brewing, that, mesopotamia, communally, in, beer, has, and, at, with, evidence, which, liquid, is, bc, and, of, most, the, place, water, be, of, the, century, brewed, production, taken, since, popular, fermenting, by, homebrewer, barley, part, brewer, resulting, sweet, done, source, by, a, archaeological, egypt, industry, nineteenth, yeast, the, or, brewing, is, it, ancient, cereal, a, home, economies, by, in, steeping, and, been, brewing, including, 6th, western, most, the, millennium, china, of, the, commonly, may, civilizations, a, emerging, around, since, beer, a, brewery, the, has, suggests, grains, starch

6th, a, a, a, a, ancient, and, and, and, archaeological, around, at, barley, bc, be, been, beer, beer, brewed, brewer, brewery, brewing, brewing, brewing, by, by, by, century, cereal, china, civilizations, commercial, commonly, communally, done, economies, egypt, emerging, evidence, fermenting, grains, has, has, home, homebrewer, in, in, including, industry, is, is, it, liquid, may, mesopotamia, millennium, most, most, nineteenth, of, of, of, or, part, place, popular, production, resulting, since, since, source, starch, steeping, suggests, sweet, taken, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, water, western, which, with, yeast

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A  beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam. A lactam is a cyclic amide, and beta-lactams are named so because the nitrogen atom is attached to the β-carbon atom relative to the carbonyl. The simplest β-lactam possible is 2-azetidinone.  β-lactams are significant structural units of medicines as manifested in many β-lactam antibiotics Up to 1970, most β-lactam research was concerned with the penicillin and cephalosporin groups, but since then, a wide variety of structures have been described.

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The Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg () was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the 12th century until it was secularized during the second half of the 16th century. It should not be confused with the larger Diocese of Brandenburg () established by King Otto I of Germany in 948, in the territory of the Marca Geronis (Saxon Eastern March) east of the Elbe river. The diocese, over which the prince-bishop exercised only spiritual authority, was a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, its seat was Brandenburg an der Havel.

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BASE jumping () is the recreational sport of jumping from fixed objects, using a parachute to descend safely to the ground. "BASE" is an acronym that stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: buildings, antennae (referring to radio masts), spans (bridges), and earth (cliffs). Participants exit from a fixed object such as a cliff, and after an optional freefall delay, deploy a parachute to slow their descent and land. A popular form of BASE jumping is wingsuit BASE jumping.

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Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits, its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the fifth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, the Ruhr area, Madrid and Milan. It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs, bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range.

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The Booker Prize, formerly the Booker Prize for Fiction (1969–2001) and the Man Booker Prize (2002–2019), is a literary award conferred each year for the best novel written in the English language, which was published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The winner of the Booker Prize receives international publicity that usually leads to a sales boost. When the prize was created, only novels written by Commonwealth, Irish, and South African (and later Zimbabwean) citizens were eligible to receive the prize; in 2014, eligibility was widened to any English-language novel—a change that proved controversial.

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Billy Bob Thornton (born August 4, 1955) is an American film actor, writer and director. He had his first break when he co-wrote and starred in the 1992 thriller One False Move, and received international attention after writing, directing, and starring in the independent drama film Sling Blade (1996), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. He appeared in several major film roles in the 1990s following Sling Blade, including Oliver Stone's neo-noir U Turn (1997), political drama Primary Colors (1998), science fiction disaster film Armageddon (1998), the highest-grossing film of that year, and the crime drama A Simple Plan (1998), which earned him his third Oscar nomination.

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is a Japanese mecha-anime television series created by designer Keiichi Sato and director Kazuyoshi Katayama for Sunrise. The writing staff was assembled by the series' head writer, Chiaki J. Konaka, who is known for his work on Serial Experiments Lain and Hellsing. The story takes place forty years after a mysterious occurrence causes the residents of Paradigm City to lose their memories. The series follows Roger Smith, Paradigm City's top Negotiator. He provides this "much needed service" with the help of a robot named R. Dorothy Wayneright and his butler Norman Burg. When the need arises, Roger calls upon Big O, a giant relic from the city's past.

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In computing, BIOS (, ; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). The BIOS firmware comes pre-installed on an IBM PC or IBM PC compatible's system board and exists in some UEFI-based systems to maintain compatibility with operating systems that do not support UEFI native operation. The name originates from the Basic Input/Output System used in the CP/M operating system in 1975. The BIOS originally proprietary to the IBM PC has been reverse engineered by some companies (such as Phoenix Technologies) looking to create compatible systems. The interface of that original system serves as a de facto standard.

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The Beer-Lambert law is commonly applied to chemical analysis measurements to determine the concentration of chemical species that absorb light. It is often referred to as Beer's law.  In physics, the Bouguer–Lambert law is an empirical law which relates the extinction or attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. It had its first use in astronomical extinction.  The fundamental law of extinction (the process is linear in the intensity of radiation and amount of radiatively active matter, provided that the physical state is held constant) is sometimes called the Beer-Bouguer-Lambert law or the Bouguer-Beer-Lambert law or merely the extinction law.  The extinction law is also used in understanding attenuation in physical optics, for photons, neutrons, or rarefied gases. In mathematical physics, this law arises as a solution of the BGK equation.

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The Beach Boys are an American rock band who was formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961. The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and friend Al Jardine. Distinguished by their vocal harmonies, adolescent-oriented lyrics, and musical ingenuity, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. They drew on the music of older pop vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound. Under Brian's direction, they often incorporated classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.

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Helen Beatrix Potter (, 28 July 186622 December 1943) was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist. She is best known for her children's books featuring animals, such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit, which was her first commercially published work in 1902. Her books, including 23 Tales, have sold more than 250 million copies. An entrepreneur, Potter was a pioneer of character merchandising. In 1903, Peter Rabbit was the first fictional character to be made into a patented stuffed toy, making him the oldest licensed character.

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The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Conservative Party, in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Beginning as an alliance of Whigs, free trade–supporting Peelites, and reformist Radicals in the 1850s, by the end of the 19th century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to government in 1905 and won a landslide victory in the 1906 general election.

the, government, won, along, 1850s, whigs, the, two, 1905, major, end, victory, an, it, governments, a, united, by, 19th, in, the, and, free, irish, four, party, the, gladstone, the, supporting, 19th, the, home, trade, had, being, in, with, general, and, parties, rule, and, in, was, conservative, over, the, divided, returned, issue, reformist, century, in, early, formed, peelites, despite, alliance, under, 20th, of, election, in, one, party, to, as, centuries, of, william, beginning, 1906, landslide, the, the, party, radicals, of, kingdom, the, liberal, political, of, the

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a, an, as, by, in, in, in, in, in, it, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, end, had, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, won, 1905, 1906, 19th, 19th, 20th, four, free, home, over, rule, with, 1850s, along, being, early, irish, issue, major, party, party, party, trade, under, whigs, formed, united, century, despite, divided, general, kingdom, liberal, parties, victory, william, alliance, election, peelites, radicals, returned, beginning, centuries, gladstone, landslide, political, reformist, government, supporting, governments, conservative


Baghdad (;   ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris river. In 762 AD, Baghdad was chosen as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, and became its most notable major development project. Within a short time, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning".

capital, it, and, housing, city, learning, the, a, most, as, the, muslim, house, as, and, addition, tigris, of, the, reputation, it, baghdad, baghdad, a, capital, located, the, after, cultural, into, center, in, 762, world, project, multi, chosen, academic, multiethnic, religious, the, city, and, second, evolved, iraq, in, the, of, environment, commercial, was, on, time, a, its, is, center, the, in, the, intellectual, as, several, short, largest, garnered, this, world, is, of, of, abbasid, key, became, worldwide, and, as, caliphate, major, significant, notable, to, of, cairo, the, a, wisdom, including, development, the, well, ad, institutions, arab, within, river

762, a, a, a, a, abbasid, academic, ad, addition, after, and, and, and, and, arab, as, as, as, as, baghdad, baghdad, became, cairo, caliphate, capital, capital, center, center, chosen, city, city, commercial, cultural, development, environment, evolved, garnered, house, housing, in, in, in, including, institutions, intellectual, into, iraq, is, is, it, it, its, key, largest, learning, located, major, most, multi, multiethnic, muslim, notable, of, of, of, of, of, on, project, religious, reputation, river, second, several, short, significant, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, tigris, time, to, was, well, wisdom, within, world, world, worldwide

a, a, a, a, ad, as, as, as, as, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, 762, and, and, and, and, its, key, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, arab, city, city, into, iraq, most, this, time, well, after, cairo, house, major, multi, river, short, world, world, became, center, center, chosen, muslim, second, tigris, wisdom, within, abbasid, baghdad, baghdad, capital, capital, evolved, housing, largest, located, notable, project, several, academic, addition, cultural, garnered, learning, caliphate, including, religious, worldwide, commercial, reputation, development, environment, multiethnic, significant, institutions, intellectual


The Black Death (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality or the Plague) was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to 1353. It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, causing the deaths of  people, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis spread by fleas, but during the Black Death it probably also took a secondary form, spread by person-to-person contact via aerosols, causing pneumonic plague.

and, by, or, the, pneumonic, aerosols, as, africa, is, 1351, was, from, north, the, the, fleas, in, spread, black, a, 1346, a, recorded, contact, death, bubonic, eurasia, people, also, the, western, deaths, human, death, plague, to, during, occurring, form, pestis, caused, by, pandemic, plague, to, of, the, bacterium, in, by, via, great, pandemic, pestilence, it, the, yersinia, took, causing, peaking, it, the, 1347, history, person, but, most, europe, spread, causing, to, known, probably, 1353, bubonic, also, is, from, person, mortality, black, fatal, plague, the, plague, secondary, in

1346, 1347, 1351, 1353, a, a, aerosols, africa, also, also, and, as, bacterium, black, black, bubonic, bubonic, but, by, by, by, caused, causing, causing, contact, death, death, deaths, during, eurasia, europe, fatal, fleas, form, from, from, great, history, human, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, known, mortality, most, north, occurring, of, or, pandemic, pandemic, peaking, people, person, person, pestilence, pestis, plague, plague, plague, plague, pneumonic, probably, recorded, secondary, spread, spread, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, took, via, was, western, yersinia

a, a, as, by, by, by, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, or, to, to, to, and, but, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, via, was, 1346, 1347, 1351, 1353, also, also, form, from, from, most, took, black, black, death, death, fatal, fleas, great, human, known, north, africa, caused, deaths, during, europe, people, person, person, pestis, plague, plague, plague, plague, spread, spread, bubonic, bubonic, causing, causing, contact, eurasia, history, peaking, western, aerosols, pandemic, pandemic, probably, recorded, yersinia, bacterium, mortality, occurring, pneumonic, secondary, pestilence


Genetically modified maize (corn) is a genetically modified crop. Specific maize strains have been genetically engineered to express agriculturally-desirable traits, including resistance to pests and to herbicides. Maize strains with both traits are now in use in multiple countries. GM maize has also caused controversy with respect to possible health effects, impact on other insects and impact on other plants via gene flow. One strain, called Starlink, was approved only for animal feed in the US but was found in food, leading to a series of recalls starting in 2000.

maize, leading, caused, strain, traits, genetically, engineered, 2000, multiple, and, animal, controversy, for, pests, is, the, one, resistance, via, are, in, a, maize, respect, countries, approved, health, effects, starlink, crop, specific, on, a, traits, called, flow, impact, with, herbicides, agriculturally, and, express, have, been, only, in, genetically, gene, other, in, corn, to, was, other, to, genetically, maize, in, found, possible, recalls, insects, food, series, strains, modified, both, but, strains, desirable, also, us, on, including, with, has, use, impact, plants, to, to, was, now, maize, to, of, modified, in, gm, feed, starting

2000, a, a, agriculturally, also, and, and, animal, approved, are, been, both, but, called, caused, controversy, corn, countries, crop, desirable, effects, engineered, express, feed, flow, food, for, found, gene, genetically, genetically, genetically, gm, has, have, health, herbicides, impact, impact, in, in, in, in, in, including, insects, is, leading, maize, maize, maize, maize, modified, modified, multiple, now, of, on, on, one, only, other, other, pests, plants, possible, recalls, resistance, respect, series, specific, starlink, starting, strain, strains, strains, the, to, to, to, to, to, traits, traits, us, use, via, was, was, with, with

a, a, gm, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, on, on, to, to, to, to, to, us, and, and, are, but, for, has, now, one, the, use, via, was, was, 2000, also, been, both, corn, crop, feed, flow, food, gene, have, only, with, with, found, maize, maize, maize, maize, other, other, pests, animal, called, caused, health, impact, impact, plants, series, strain, traits, traits, effects, express, insects, leading, recalls, respect, strains, strains, approved, modified, modified, multiple, possible, specific, starlink, starting, countries, desirable, including, engineered, herbicides, resistance, controversy, genetically, genetically, genetically, agriculturally


A ballpoint pen, also known as a biro (British English), ball pen (Hong Kong, Indian and Philippine English), or dot pen (Nepali English), is a pen that dispenses ink (usually in paste form) over a metal ball at its point, i.e. over a "ball point". The metal commonly used is steel, brass, or tungsten carbide. The design was conceived and developed as a cleaner and more reliable alternative to dip pens and fountain pens, and it is now the world's most-used writing instrument; millions are manufactured and sold daily. It has influenced art and graphic design and spawned an artwork genre.

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The Burroughs Corporation was a major American manufacturer of business equipment. The company was founded in 1886 as the American Arithmometer Company. In 1986, it merged with Sperry UNIVAC to form Unisys. The company's history paralleled many of the major developments in computing. At its start, it produced mechanical adding machines, and later moved into programmable ledgers and then computers. It was one of the largest producers of mainframe computers in the world, also producing related equipment including typewriters and printers.

arithmometer, was, the, developments, in, the, 1986, in, it, equipment, history, adding, company, merged, company, of, producers, computing, printers, the, the, computers, machines, including, form, sperry, world, ledgers, as, it, with, computers, moved, burroughs, its, s, american, produced, was, major, mainframe, typewriters, of, largest, and, related, unisys, equipment, of, corporation, into, in, later, company, paralleled, one, univac, 1886, manufacturer, the, also, founded, was, and, the, american, many, it, business, then, producing, major, programmable, start, at, in, a, mechanical, and, the, of, to

1886, 1986, a, adding, also, american, american, and, and, and, arithmometer, as, at, burroughs, business, company, company, company, computers, computers, computing, corporation, developments, equipment, equipment, form, founded, history, in, in, in, in, including, into, it, it, it, its, largest, later, ledgers, machines, mainframe, major, major, manufacturer, many, mechanical, merged, moved, of, of, of, of, one, paralleled, printers, produced, producers, producing, programmable, related, s, sperry, start, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, to, typewriters, unisys, univac, was, was, was, with, world

a, s, as, at, in, in, in, in, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, its, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, 1886, 1986, also, form, into, many, then, with, later, major, major, moved, start, world, adding, merged, sperry, unisys, univac, company, company, company, founded, history, largest, ledgers, related, american, american, business, machines, printers, produced, burroughs, computers, computers, computing, equipment, equipment, including, mainframe, producers, producing, mechanical, paralleled, corporation, typewriters, arithmometer, developments, manufacturer, programmable


A brick is a type of construction material used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term brick denotes a unit primarily composed of clay, but is now also used informally to denote units made of other materials or other chemically cured construction blocks. Bricks can be joined using mortar, adhesives or by interlocking. Bricks are usually produced at brickworks in numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region, and are produced in bulk quantities.

to, type, quantities, of, but, bricks, clay, construction, is, composed, a, used, or, using, are, blocks, elements, in, term, brickworks, are, primarily, classes, made, properly, a, produced, be, of, used, other, now, construction, denote, brick, which, numerous, to, masonry, other, vary, informally, and, cured, at, unit, units, produced, the, of, by, region, brick, walls, in, bulk, denotes, with, materials, pavements, material, also, and, construction, chemically, bricks, or, adhesives, can, joined, mortar, a, other, usually, materials, is, sizes, build, interlocking, in, and, types

a, a, a, adhesives, also, and, and, and, are, are, at, be, blocks, brick, brick, bricks, bricks, brickworks, build, bulk, but, by, can, chemically, classes, clay, composed, construction, construction, construction, cured, denote, denotes, elements, in, in, in, informally, interlocking, is, is, joined, made, masonry, material, materials, materials, mortar, now, numerous, of, of, of, or, or, other, other, other, pavements, primarily, produced, produced, properly, quantities, region, sizes, term, the, to, to, type, types, unit, units, used, used, using, usually, vary, walls, which, with

a, a, a, at, be, by, in, in, in, is, is, of, of, of, or, or, to, to, and, and, and, are, are, but, can, now, the, also, bulk, clay, made, term, type, unit, used, used, vary, with, brick, brick, build, cured, other, other, other, sizes, types, units, using, walls, which, blocks, bricks, bricks, denote, joined, mortar, region, classes, denotes, masonry, usually, composed, elements, material, numerous, produced, produced, properly, adhesives, materials, materials, pavements, primarily, brickworks, chemically, informally, quantities, construction, construction, construction, interlocking


William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such as "Rock Around the Clock", "See You Later, Alligator", "Shake, Rattle and Roll", "Rocket 88", "Skinny Minnie", and "Razzle Dazzle". Haley has sold over 60 million records worldwide.  In 1987, he was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

his, and, has, february, around, haley, and, many, american, 88, credited, razzle, sold, shake, group, over, in, 1981, alligator, and, music, popularizing, form, and, 1925, records, such, fame, roll, selling, his, hall, in, the, rocket, million, he, rock, see, was, early, first, haley, by, haley, rock, minnie, 1950s, later, 1987, of, inducted, the, hits, the, with, roll, was, dazzle, william, you, clock, bill, an, comets, as, skinny, this, is, into, 6, worldwide, million, he, 60, roll, with, clifton, musician, of, posthumously, and, john, rattle, july, rock, 9

1925, 1950s, 1981, 1987, 6, 60, 88, 9, alligator, american, an, and, and, and, and, and, around, as, bill, by, clifton, clock, comets, credited, dazzle, early, fame, february, first, form, group, haley, haley, haley, hall, has, he, he, his, his, hits, in, in, inducted, into, is, john, july, later, many, million, million, minnie, music, musician, of, of, over, popularizing, posthumously, rattle, razzle, records, rock, rock, rock, rocket, roll, roll, roll, see, selling, shake, skinny, sold, such, the, the, the, this, was, was, william, with, with, worldwide, you

6, 9, 60, 88, an, as, by, he, he, in, in, is, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, has, his, his, see, the, the, the, was, was, you, 1925, 1981, 1987, bill, fame, form, hall, hits, into, john, july, many, over, rock, rock, rock, roll, roll, roll, sold, such, this, with, with, 1950s, clock, early, first, group, haley, haley, haley, later, music, shake, around, comets, dazzle, minnie, rattle, razzle, rocket, skinny, clifton, million, million, records, selling, william, american, credited, february, inducted, musician, alligator, worldwide, popularizing, posthumously