The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area. Each region now considered part of the Chinese world has experienced periods of unity, fracture, prosperity, and hardship. Classical Chinese civilization first emerged in the Yellow River valley, which along with the Yangtze and Pearl River basins now constitute the geographic core of China and have for the majority of its imperial history. China maintains a rich diversity of ethnic and linguistic people groups. The traditional lens for viewing Chinese history is the dynastic cycle: imperial dynasties rise and fall, and are ascribed certain achievements. Throughout pervades the narrative that Chinese civilization can be traced as an unbroken thread many thousands of years into the past, making it one of the cradles of civilization. At various times, states representative of a dominant Chinese culture have directly controlled areas stretching as far west as the Tian Shan, the Tarim Basin, and the Himalayas, as far north as the Sayan Mountains, and as far south as the delta of the Red River.

along, prosperity, of, delta, rich, valley, the, people, considered, imperial, throughout, the, river, sayan, that, unbroken, and, for, now, directly, china, pervades, groups, one, states, of, history, the, the, chinese, and, past, as, core, yangtze, the, china, wide, basin, of, various, pearl, are, maintains, china, for, and, yellow, mountains, viewing, the, emerged, spans, history, area, achievements, narrative, areas, many, in, chinese, himalayas, first, linguistic, chinese, chinese, stretching, periods, millennia, constitute, as, which, across, civilization, hardship, of, a, is, and, several, the, have, a, history, ethnic, cradles, at, tian, the, of, an, red, the, its, lens, has, ascribed, and, representative, chinese, and, the, as, and, west, as, each, fracture, times, the, far, culture, geographic, thread, and, the, unity, it, with, far, traditional, can, basins, region, into, dynasties, fall, part, geographical, majority, shan, the, world, classical, diversity, of, of, river, civilization, south, the, dominant, now, as, dynastic, north, controlled, be, of, traced, making, of, years, tarim, of, imperial, experienced, a, the, rise, thousands, have, civilization, cycle, certain, river, far, the, as, of, as, the

a, a, a, achievements, across, along, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, area, areas, as, as, as, as, as, as, as, ascribed, at, basin, basins, be, can, certain, china, china, china, chinese, chinese, chinese, chinese, chinese, civilization, civilization, civilization, classical, considered, constitute, controlled, core, cradles, culture, cycle, delta, directly, diversity, dominant, dynastic, dynasties, each, emerged, ethnic, experienced, fall, far, far, far, first, for, for, fracture, geographic, geographical, groups, hardship, has, have, have, himalayas, history, history, history, imperial, imperial, in, into, is, it, its, lens, linguistic, maintains, majority, making, many, millennia, mountains, narrative, north, now, now, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, one, part, past, pearl, people, periods, pervades, prosperity, red, region, representative, rich, rise, river, river, river, sayan, several, shan, south, spans, states, stretching, tarim, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, thousands, thread, throughout, tian, times, traced, traditional, unbroken, unity, valley, various, viewing, west, which, wide, with, world, yangtze, years, yellow

a, a, a, an, as, as, as, as, as, as, as, at, be, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, can, far, far, far, for, for, has, its, now, now, one, red, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, core, each, fall, have, have, into, lens, many, part, past, rich, rise, shan, that, tian, west, wide, with, along, areas, basin, china, china, china, cycle, delta, first, north, pearl, river, river, river, sayan, south, spans, tarim, times, unity, which, world, years, across, basins, ethnic, groups, making, people, region, states, thread, traced, valley, yellow, certain, chinese, chinese, chinese, chinese, chinese, cradles, culture, emerged, history, history, history, periods, several, various, viewing, yangtze, ascribed, directly, dominant, dynastic, fracture, hardship, imperial, imperial, majority, pervades, unbroken, classical, diversity, dynasties, himalayas, maintains, millennia, mountains, narrative, thousands, considered, constitute, controlled, geographic, linguistic, prosperity, stretching, throughout, experienced, traditional, achievements, civilization, civilization, civilization, geographical, representative


Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee,  (3 January 18838 October 1967) was a British statesman and Labour Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. He was Deputy Prime Minister during the wartime coalition government under Winston Churchill, and served twice as Leader of the Opposition from 1935 to 1940 and from 1951 to 1955. Attlee remains the longest serving Labour leader and is widely considered by historians and members of the public through various polls to be one of the greatest Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom.

and, served, minister, and, labour, and, to, to, 1967, was, considered, of, wartime, served, he, the, 1951, to, deputy, be, a, coalition, historians, 18838, twice, party, as, prime, the, members, labour, churchill, 1935, 1st, of, public, kingdom, is, through, 3, widely, under, leader, of, leader, 1955, one, of, various, attlee, earl, the, 1951, clement, from, kingdom, january, winston, of, of, prime, united, minister, ministers, from, the, who, 1940, attlee, labour, to, 1955, 1935, by, 1945, prime, and, from, and, government, the, from, was, serving, the, the, and, leader, polls, longest, remains, the, during, statesman, greatest, attlee, as, richard, united, party, british, october, to, opposition, politician

18838, 1935, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1951, 1951, 1955, 1955, 1967, 1st, 3, a, and, and, and, and, and, and, as, as, attlee, attlee, attlee, be, british, by, churchill, clement, coalition, considered, deputy, during, earl, from, from, from, from, government, greatest, he, historians, is, january, kingdom, kingdom, labour, labour, labour, leader, leader, leader, longest, members, minister, minister, ministers, october, of, of, of, of, of, of, one, opposition, party, party, politician, polls, prime, prime, prime, public, remains, richard, served, served, serving, statesman, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, through, to, to, to, to, to, twice, under, united, united, various, wartime, was, was, who, widely, winston

3, a, as, as, be, by, he, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, to, 1st, and, and, and, and, and, and, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, who, 1935, 1935, 1940, 1945, 1951, 1951, 1955, 1955, 1967, earl, from, from, from, from, 18838, party, party, polls, prime, prime, prime, twice, under, attlee, attlee, attlee, deputy, during, labour, labour, labour, leader, leader, leader, public, served, served, united, united, widely, british, clement, january, kingdom, kingdom, longest, members, october, remains, richard, serving, through, various, wartime, winston, greatest, minister, minister, churchill, coalition, ministers, statesman, considered, government, historians, opposition, politician


Cecil Louis Troughton Smith (27 August 1899 – 2 April 1966), known by his pen name Cecil Scott "C. S." Forester, was an English novelist known for writing tales of naval warfare, such as the 12-book Horatio Hornblower series depicting a Royal Navy officer during the Napoleonic Wars. The Hornblower novels A Ship of the Line and Flying Colours were jointly awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction in 1938.  His other works include The African Queen (1935; turned into a 1951 film by John Huston) and The Good Shepherd (1955; turned into a 2020 film, Greyhound, adapted by and starring Tom Hanks).

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12, 1899, 1935, 1938, 1951, 1955, 1966, 2, 2020, 27, a, a, a, a, adapted, african, an, and, and, and, april, as, august, awarded, black, book, by, by, by, c, cecil, cecil, colours, depicting, during, english, fiction, film, film, flying, for, for, forester, good, greyhound, hanks, his, his, horatio, hornblower, hornblower, huston, in, include, into, into, james, john, jointly, known, known, line, louis, memorial, name, napoleonic, naval, navy, novelist, novels, of, of, officer, other, pen, prize, queen, royal, s, scott, series, shepherd, ship, smith, starring, such, tait, tales, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tom, troughton, turned, turned, warfare, wars, was, were, works, writing

2, a, a, a, a, c, s, 12, 27, an, as, by, by, by, in, of, of, and, and, and, for, for, his, his, pen, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tom, was, 1899, 1935, 1938, 1951, 1955, 1966, 2020, book, film, film, good, into, into, john, line, name, navy, ship, such, tait, wars, were, april, black, cecil, cecil, hanks, james, known, known, louis, naval, other, prize, queen, royal, scott, smith, tales, works, august, during, flying, huston, novels, series, turned, turned, adapted, african, awarded, colours, english, fiction, horatio, include, jointly, officer, warfare, writing, forester, memorial, novelist, shepherd, starring, depicting, greyhound, troughton, hornblower, hornblower, napoleonic


Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (; baptised 26 February 156430 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe is among the most famous of the Elizabethan playwrights. Based upon the "many imitations" of his play Tamburlaine, modern scholars consider him to have been the foremost dramatist in London in the years just before his mysterious early death. Some scholars also believe that he greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was baptised in the same year as Marlowe and later succeeded him as the pre-eminent Elizabethan playwright. Marlowe was the first to achieve critical reputation for his use of blank verse, which became the standard for the era. His plays are distinguished by their overreaching protagonists. Themes found within Marlowe's literary works have been noted as humanistic with realistic emotions, which some scholars find difficult to reconcile with Marlowe's "anti-intellectualism" and his catering to the prurient tastes of his Elizabethan audiences for generous displays of extreme physical violence, cruelty, and bloodshed.

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156430, 1593, 26, achieve, also, also, among, an, and, and, and, and, anti, are, as, as, as, as, audiences, baptised, baptised, based, became, been, been, before, believe, blank, bloodshed, by, catering, christopher, consider, critical, cruelty, death, difficult, displays, distinguished, dramatist, early, elizabethan, elizabethan, elizabethan, elizabethan, eminent, emotions, english, era, era, extreme, famous, february, find, first, for, for, for, foremost, found, generous, greatly, have, have, he, him, him, his, his, his, his, his, his, humanistic, imitations, in, in, in, influenced, intellectualism, is, just, kit, known, later, literary, london, many, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, may, modern, most, mysterious, noted, of, of, of, of, of, of, overreaching, physical, play, plays, playwright, playwright, playwrights, poet, pre, protagonists, prurient, realistic, reconcile, reputation, s, s, same, scholars, scholars, scholars, shakespeare, some, some, standard, succeeded, tamburlaine, tastes, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, themes, to, to, to, to, translator, upon, use, verse, violence, was, was, was, which, which, who, william, with, with, within, works, year, years

s, s, 26, an, as, as, as, as, by, he, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, are, era, era, for, for, for, him, him, his, his, his, his, his, his, kit, may, pre, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, was, was, who, 1593, also, also, anti, been, been, find, have, have, just, many, most, play, poet, same, some, some, that, upon, with, with, year, among, based, blank, death, early, first, found, known, later, noted, plays, their, verse, which, which, works, years, 156430, became, before, famous, london, modern, tastes, themes, within, achieve, believe, cruelty, eminent, english, extreme, greatly, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, marlowe, william, baptised, baptised, catering, consider, critical, displays, emotions, february, foremost, generous, literary, physical, prurient, scholars, scholars, scholars, standard, violence, audiences, bloodshed, difficult, dramatist, realistic, reconcile, succeeded, humanistic, imitations, influenced, mysterious, playwright, playwright, reputation, translator, christopher, elizabethan, elizabethan, elizabethan, elizabethan, playwrights, shakespeare, tamburlaine, overreaching, protagonists, distinguished, intellectualism


In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual but also to a community, society, or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.

a, universally, but, provided, simple, offence, also, is, is, statutory, in, if, have, not, view, authority, category, declared, that, have, law, such, applicable, state, or, that, act, by, criminal, for, law, proposed, offence, crime, is, such, the, is, any, modern, unlawful, or, most, wrong, law, does, term, society, some, individual, and, law, community, public, as, are, other, a, or, the, a, created, purposes, language, crime, punishable, words, a, is, accepted, is, by, other, and, acts, harmful, act, to, to, relevant, crime, something, forbidden, an, state, punishable, crime, an, crime, definitions, criminal, been, a, one, though, popular, the, in, a, definition, the, and, certain, a, in, by, not, ordinary, only, definition, or, by

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, accepted, act, act, acts, also, an, an, and, and, and, any, applicable, are, as, authority, been, but, by, by, by, by, category, certain, community, created, crime, crime, crime, crime, crime, criminal, criminal, declared, definition, definition, definitions, does, for, forbidden, harmful, have, have, if, in, in, in, individual, is, is, is, is, is, is, language, law, law, law, law, modern, most, not, not, offence, offence, one, only, or, or, or, or, ordinary, other, other, popular, proposed, provided, public, punishable, punishable, purposes, relevant, simple, society, some, something, state, state, statutory, such, such, term, that, that, the, the, the, the, though, to, to, universally, unlawful, view, words, wrong

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, an, an, as, by, by, by, by, if, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, or, or, or, or, to, to, act, act, and, and, and, any, are, but, for, law, law, law, law, not, not, one, the, the, the, the, acts, also, been, does, have, have, most, only, some, such, such, term, that, that, view, crime, crime, crime, crime, crime, other, other, state, state, words, wrong, modern, public, simple, though, certain, created, harmful, offence, offence, popular, society, accepted, category, criminal, criminal, declared, language, ordinary, proposed, provided, purposes, relevant, unlawful, authority, community, forbidden, something, statutory, applicable, definition, definition, individual, punishable, punishable, definitions, universally


Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (, also , ; 25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice. His works include some of Italy's most famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of wit and honesty. His plays offered his contemporaries images of themselves, often dramatizing the lives, values, and conflicts of the emerging middle classes. Though he wrote in French and Italian, his plays make rich use of the Venetian language, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Goldoni also wrote under the pen name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he claimed in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.

italian, on, the, an, venetian, have, the, him, plays, dramatizing, for, bestowed, s, in, arcade, values, regional, which, vernacular, name, goldoni, classes, the, also, of, the, in, use, pen, best, pastor, themselves, and, and, ingenious, also, of, audiences, and, his, though, 1793, fegeio, his, most, and, wit, the, and, osvaldo, honesty, arcadians, the, mix, plays, plays, under, famous, include, of, middle, language, their, make, images, of, polisseno, of, of, february, french, goldoni, contemporaries, of, loved, february, works, and, lives, 25, italy, 1707, librettist, wrote, often, venice, title, the, claimed, plays, of, from, his, some, 6, emerging, colloquialisms, he, his, italian, rich, offered, wrote, playwright, and, carlo, was, admired, his, rome, he, goldoni, republic, conflicts, memoirs

1707, 1793, 25, 6, admired, also, also, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, arcade, arcadians, audiences, best, bestowed, carlo, claimed, classes, colloquialisms, conflicts, contemporaries, dramatizing, emerging, famous, february, february, fegeio, for, french, from, goldoni, goldoni, goldoni, have, he, he, him, his, his, his, his, his, honesty, images, in, in, include, ingenious, italian, italian, italy, language, librettist, lives, loved, make, memoirs, middle, mix, most, name, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, offered, often, on, osvaldo, pastor, pen, plays, plays, plays, plays, playwright, polisseno, regional, republic, rich, rome, s, some, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, themselves, though, title, under, use, values, venetian, venice, vernacular, was, which, wit, works, wrote, wrote

6, s, 25, an, he, he, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, him, his, his, his, his, his, mix, pen, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, wit, 1707, 1793, also, also, best, from, have, make, most, name, rich, rome, some, carlo, italy, lives, loved, often, plays, plays, plays, plays, their, title, under, which, works, wrote, wrote, arcade, famous, fegeio, french, images, middle, pastor, though, values, venice, admired, claimed, classes, goldoni, goldoni, goldoni, honesty, include, italian, italian, memoirs, offered, osvaldo, bestowed, emerging, february, february, language, regional, republic, venetian, arcadians, audiences, conflicts, ingenious, polisseno, librettist, playwright, themselves, vernacular, dramatizing, colloquialisms, contemporaries


Celebrity is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of a person or group as a result of the attention given to them by mass media. An individual may attain a celebrity status from having great wealth, their participation in sports or the entertainment industry, their position as a political figure, or even from their connection to another celebrity. 'Celebrity' usually implies a favorable public image, as opposed to the neutrals 'famous' or 'notable', or the negatives 'infamous' and 'notorious'.

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a, a, a, a, a, a, an, and, and, another, as, as, as, attain, attention, broad, by, celebrity, celebrity, celebrity, celebrity, condition, connection, entertainment, even, fame, famous, favorable, figure, from, from, given, great, group, having, image, implies, in, individual, industry, infamous, is, mass, may, media, negatives, neutrals, notable, notorious, of, of, of, opposed, or, or, or, or, or, participation, person, political, position, public, public, recognition, result, sports, status, the, the, the, the, their, their, their, them, to, to, to, usually, wealth

a, a, a, a, a, a, an, as, as, as, by, in, is, of, of, of, or, or, or, or, or, to, to, to, and, and, may, the, the, the, the, even, fame, from, from, mass, them, broad, given, great, group, image, media, their, their, their, attain, famous, figure, having, person, public, public, result, sports, status, wealth, another, implies, notable, opposed, usually, industry, infamous, neutrals, position, attention, celebrity, celebrity, celebrity, celebrity, condition, favorable, negatives, notorious, political, connection, individual, recognition, entertainment, participation


"Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic, Sung in the Year 1888" is a mock-heroic poem written in 1888 by Ernest Thayer. It was first published anonymously in The San Francisco Examiner (then called The Daily Examiner) on June 3, 1888, under the pen name "Phin", based on Thayer's college nickname, "Phinney". Featuring a dramatic narrative about a baseball game, the poem was later popularized by DeWolf Hopper in many vaudeville performances. It has become one of the best-known poems in American literature.

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1888, 1888, 1888, 3, a, a, a, a, about, american, anonymously, at, ballad, baseball, based, bat, become, best, by, by, called, casey, college, daily, dewolf, dramatic, ernest, examiner, examiner, featuring, first, francisco, game, has, heroic, hopper, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, it, june, known, later, literature, many, mock, name, narrative, nickname, of, of, on, on, one, pen, performances, phin, phinney, poem, poem, poems, popularized, published, republic, s, san, sung, thayer, thayer, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, under, vaudeville, was, was, written, year

3, a, a, a, a, s, at, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, it, of, of, on, on, bat, has, one, pen, san, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1888, 1888, 1888, best, game, june, many, mock, name, phin, poem, poem, sung, then, year, about, based, casey, daily, first, known, later, poems, under, ballad, become, called, dewolf, ernest, heroic, hopper, thayer, thayer, college, phinney, written, american, baseball, dramatic, examiner, examiner, nickname, republic, featuring, francisco, narrative, published, literature, vaudeville, anonymously, popularized, performances


The classical guitar, also called Spanish guitar, is a member of the guitar family used in classical music and other styles. An acoustic wooden string instrument with strings made of gut or nylon, it is a precursor of the modern steel-string acoustic and electric guitars, both of which use metal strings. Classical guitars derive from the Spanish vihuela and gittern of the 15th and 16th century. Those instruments evolved into the 17th and 18th-century baroque guitar—and by the mid-19th century, early forms of the modern classical guitar. Today's modern classical guitar was established by the late designs of the 19th-century Spanish luthier, Antonio Torres Jurado.

modern, and, the, derive, from, guitars, metal, and, classical, is, classical, modern, member, baroque, guitar, the, guitar, the, string, use, gittern, century, other, late, of, century, torres, in, acoustic, 18th, today, instrument, mid, made, steel, 17th, and, early, styles, of, and, instruments, the, vihuela, an, was, by, 19th, the, gut, the, nylon, of, spanish, by, into, electric, forms, of, 16th, of, precursor, both, spanish, spanish, or, evolved, which, of, strings, guitar, century, and, 19th, guitar, of, classical, also, established, guitar, luthier, music, guitars, jurado, and, the, classical, string, it, s, those, the, the, guitar, antonio, 15th, with, wooden, the, acoustic, used, classical, designs, strings, is, a, a, century, called, modern, family

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a, a, s, an, by, by, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, and, and, and, and, and, and, gut, mid, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 19th, also, both, from, into, late, made, used, with, early, forms, metal, music, nylon, other, steel, those, today, which, called, derive, family, guitar, guitar, guitar, guitar, guitar, guitar, jurado, member, modern, modern, modern, string, string, styles, torres, wooden, antonio, baroque, century, century, century, century, designs, evolved, gittern, guitars, guitars, luthier, spanish, spanish, spanish, strings, strings, vihuela, acoustic, acoustic, electric, classical, classical, classical, classical, classical, precursor, instrument, established, instruments


Clive Staples Lewis,  (29 November 1898 – 22 November 1963) was a British writer, literary scholar, and Anglican lay theologian. He held academic positions in English literature at both Magdalen College, Oxford (1925–1954), and Magdalene College, Cambridge (1954–1963). He is best known as the author of The Chronicles of Narnia, but he is also noted for his other works of fiction, such as The Screwtape Letters and The Space Trilogy, and for his non-fiction Christian apologetics, including Mere Christianity, Miracles, and The Problem of Pain.

he, the, literary, 1954, known, and, his, 1963, other, space, in, he, english, the, was, clive, 29, and, as, theologian, screwtape, literature, for, including, best, pain, november, his, anglican, positions, works, and, such, 1925, a, magdalene, chronicles, 1898, is, 1963, 22, staples, and, also, oxford, cambridge, the, writer, is, author, and, he, of, mere, but, problem, scholar, lay, fiction, college, magdalen, lewis, academic, of, the, as, 1954, the, of, college, november, fiction, trilogy, both, apologetics, christian, for, of, narnia, at, british, non, letters, held, miracles, christianity, noted

1898, 1925, 1954, 1954, 1963, 1963, 22, 29, a, academic, also, and, and, and, and, and, anglican, apologetics, as, as, at, author, best, both, british, but, cambridge, christian, christianity, chronicles, clive, college, college, english, fiction, fiction, for, for, he, he, he, held, his, his, in, including, is, is, known, lay, letters, lewis, literary, literature, magdalen, magdalene, mere, miracles, narnia, non, noted, november, november, of, of, of, of, other, oxford, pain, positions, problem, scholar, screwtape, space, staples, such, the, the, the, the, the, theologian, trilogy, was, works, writer

a, 22, 29, as, as, at, he, he, he, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, and, and, and, and, and, but, for, for, his, his, lay, non, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1898, 1925, 1954, 1954, 1963, 1963, also, best, both, held, mere, pain, such, clive, known, lewis, noted, other, space, works, author, narnia, oxford, writer, british, college, college, english, fiction, fiction, letters, problem, scholar, staples, trilogy, academic, anglican, literary, magdalen, miracles, november, november, cambridge, christian, including, magdalene, positions, screwtape, chronicles, literature, theologian, apologetics, christianity


The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants. It is the latest of three geological eras, preceded by the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. The Cenozoic started with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, when many species, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct in an event attributed by most experts to the impact of a large asteroid or other celestial body, the Chicxulub impactor.

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a, s, s, an, by, by, by, in, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, or, to, and, and, era, non, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, body, eras, last, many, most, when, with, avian, birds, earth, earth, event, event, large, other, three, years, became, impact, latest, plants, current, experts, extinct, history, mammals, species, started, asteroid, cenozoic, cenozoic, impactor, mesozoic, preceded, 66million, celestial, chicxulub, dinosaurs, dominance, flowering, including, paleogene, paleozoic, attributed, cretaceous, extinction, geological, geological, representing, characterised


Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy, (humanistic or rationalistic) religion, theory of government, or way of life. Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE). Confucius considered himself a transmitter of cultural values inherited from the Xia (c. 2070–1600 BCE), Shang (c. 1600–1046 BCE) and Western Zhou dynasties (c. 1046–771 BCE). Confucianism was suppressed during the Legalist and autocratic Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), but survived. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), Confucian approaches edged out the "proto-Taoist" Huang–Lao as the official ideology, while the emperors mixed both with the realist techniques of Legalism.

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1046, 1046, 1600, 1600, 206, 206, 2070, 220, 221, 479, 551, 771, a, a, a, also, ancient, and, and, and, and, approaches, as, as, as, autocratic, bce, bce, bce, bce, bce, bce, behavior, both, but, c, c, c, called, ce, china, chinese, classicism, confucian, confucianism, confucianism, confucianism, confucius, confucius, considered, cultural, described, developed, during, during, dynasties, dynasty, dynasty, edged, emperors, from, from, from, government, han, himself, huang, humanistic, hundred, ideology, in, inherited, is, is, known, lao, later, legalism, legalist, life, mixed, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, official, or, or, or, originating, out, philosopher, philosophy, proto, qin, rationalistic, realist, religion, ru, ruism, schools, shang, suppressed, survived, system, taoist, teachings, techniques, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, theory, thought, thought, tradition, transmitter, values, variously, was, was, way, western, what, while, with, xia, zhou

a, a, a, c, c, c, as, as, as, ce, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, ru, 206, 206, 220, 221, 479, 551, 771, and, and, and, and, bce, bce, bce, bce, bce, bce, but, han, lao, out, qin, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, way, xia, 1046, 1046, 1600, 1600, 2070, also, both, from, from, from, life, what, with, zhou, china, edged, huang, known, later, mixed, proto, ruism, shang, while, called, during, during, system, taoist, theory, values, ancient, chinese, dynasty, dynasty, himself, hundred, realist, schools, thought, thought, western, behavior, cultural, emperors, ideology, legalism, legalist, official, religion, survived, confucian, confucius, confucius, described, developed, dynasties, inherited, teachings, tradition, variously, approaches, autocratic, classicism, considered, government, humanistic, philosophy, suppressed, techniques, originating, philosopher, transmitter, confucianism, confucianism, confucianism, rationalistic


Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments. Although much of Chinese philosophy begun in the Warring States period, elements of Chinese philosophy have existed for several thousand years. Some can be found in the I Ching (the Book of Changes), an ancient compendium of divination, which dates back to at least 672 BCE.

in, period, elements, states, some, by, in, ancient, originates, intellectual, cultural, philosophy, several, of, found, the, significant, least, book, chinese, of, can, begun, i, philosophy, of, ching, be, period, which, existed, much, known, warring, warring, to, autumn, the, at, thought, was, philosophy, schools, during, which, 672, for, chinese, changes, characterized, although, back, in, developments, hundred, spring, an, compendium, of, divination, a, the, of, the, period, states, dates, bce, years, and, and, thousand, the, chinese, as, and, have, period

672, a, although, an, ancient, and, and, and, as, at, autumn, back, bce, be, begun, book, by, can, changes, characterized, chinese, chinese, chinese, ching, compendium, cultural, dates, developments, divination, during, elements, existed, for, found, have, hundred, i, in, in, in, intellectual, known, least, much, of, of, of, of, of, originates, period, period, period, period, philosophy, philosophy, philosophy, schools, several, significant, some, spring, states, states, the, the, the, the, the, thought, thousand, to, warring, warring, was, which, which, years

a, i, an, as, at, be, by, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, to, 672, and, and, and, bce, can, for, the, the, the, the, the, was, back, book, have, much, some, begun, ching, dates, found, known, least, which, which, years, autumn, during, period, period, period, period, spring, states, states, ancient, changes, chinese, chinese, chinese, existed, hundred, schools, several, thought, warring, warring, although, cultural, elements, thousand, compendium, divination, originates, philosophy, philosophy, philosophy, significant, developments, intellectual, characterized


Kong Fuzi (), more usually Kongzi (; ,  – ), commonly Latinized as Confucius, was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Confucius's teachings and philosophy underpin East Asian culture and society, and remain influential across China and East Asia to this day. His philosophical teachings, called Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, kindness, and sincerity, as well as an emphasis on a ruler's duty to their subjects.

sages, relationships, well, of, governmental, day, autumn, and, chinese, fuzi, s, the, as, as, and, society, as, emphasis, teachings, considered, influential, and, philosophical, correctness, teachings, of, confucius, across, ruler, kindness, asian, east, spring, philosophy, a, philosopher, and, confucius, confucianism, their, the, was, and, period, s, a, latinized, sincerity, kongzi, on, personal, is, china, kong, asia, remain, called, to, morality, to, his, an, duty, underpin, of, and, commonly, this, who, chinese, paragon, subjects, justice, emphasized, usually, culture, traditionally, social, more, east, and

a, a, across, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, as, as, as, asia, asian, autumn, called, china, chinese, chinese, commonly, confucianism, confucius, confucius, considered, correctness, culture, day, duty, east, east, emphasis, emphasized, fuzi, governmental, his, influential, is, justice, kindness, kong, kongzi, latinized, morality, more, of, of, of, on, paragon, period, personal, philosopher, philosophical, philosophy, relationships, remain, ruler, s, s, sages, sincerity, social, society, spring, subjects, teachings, teachings, the, the, their, this, to, to, traditionally, underpin, usually, was, well, who

a, a, s, s, an, as, as, as, is, of, of, of, on, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, day, his, the, the, was, who, asia, duty, east, east, fuzi, kong, more, this, well, asian, china, ruler, sages, their, across, autumn, called, kongzi, period, remain, social, spring, chinese, chinese, culture, justice, paragon, society, usually, commonly, emphasis, kindness, morality, personal, subjects, underpin, confucius, confucius, latinized, sincerity, teachings, teachings, considered, emphasized, philosophy, correctness, influential, philosopher, confucianism, governmental, philosophical, relationships, traditionally


In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation ; every complex number can be expressed in the form , where  and  are real numbers. Because no real number satisfies the above equation,  was called an imaginary number by René Descartes. For the complex number ,  is called the , and  is called the . The set of complex numbers is denoted by either of the symbols  or . Despite the historical nomenclature "imaginary", complex numbers are regarded in the mathematical sciences as just as "real" as the real numbers and are fundamental in many aspects of the scientific description of the natural world.

is, the, a, in, natural, real, nomenclature, as, either, equation, of, are, is, world, is, are, or, fundamental, number, in, in, the, and, by, set, numbers, complex, imaginary, and, the, an, of, system, with, no, symbols, be, can, as, called, numbers, number, complex, mathematics, numbers, the, that, and, and, unit, the, numbers, for, specific, is, called, imaginary, form, denoted, real, element, real, every, satisfies, number, are, of, despite, the, of, element, number, the, sciences, number, many, just, the, an, a, rené, scientific, the, where, the, number, above, real, a, complex, as, equation, complex, real, was, aspects, the, denoted, the, of, called, mathematical, satisfying, called, by, imaginary, the, extends, in, expressed, because, the, complex, descartes, regarded, numbers, the, historical, description

a, a, a, above, an, an, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, as, as, as, aspects, be, because, by, by, called, called, called, called, can, complex, complex, complex, complex, complex, denoted, denoted, descartes, description, despite, either, element, element, equation, equation, every, expressed, extends, for, form, fundamental, historical, imaginary, imaginary, imaginary, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, just, many, mathematical, mathematics, natural, no, nomenclature, number, number, number, number, number, number, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, of, of, of, of, of, or, real, real, real, real, real, regarded, rené, satisfies, satisfying, sciences, scientific, set, specific, symbols, system, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, unit, was, where, with, world

a, a, a, an, an, as, as, as, be, by, by, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, no, of, of, of, of, of, or, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, can, for, set, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, form, just, many, real, real, real, real, real, rené, that, unit, with, above, every, where, world, called, called, called, called, either, number, number, number, number, number, number, system, aspects, because, complex, complex, complex, complex, complex, denoted, denoted, despite, element, element, extends, natural, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, numbers, symbols, equation, equation, regarded, sciences, specific, descartes, expressed, imaginary, imaginary, imaginary, satisfies, historical, satisfying, scientific, description, fundamental, mathematics, mathematical, nomenclature


Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated, particularly those popular in folklore, such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, or the Mokele-mbembe.  Cryptozoologists refer to these entities as cryptids, a term coined by the subculture. Because it does not follow the scientific method, cryptozoology is considered a pseudoscience by mainstream science: it is neither a branch of zoology nor of folklore studies. It was originally founded in the 1950s by zoologists Bernard Heuvelmans and Ivan T. Sanderson.

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1950s, a, a, a, a, and, and, and, animals, as, as, because, bernard, bigfoot, branch, by, by, by, chupacabra, coined, considered, cryptids, cryptozoologists, cryptozoology, cryptozoology, devil, disputed, does, entities, existence, extinct, folklore, folklore, follow, for, founded, heuvelmans, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, ivan, jersey, legendary, loch, mainstream, mbembe, method, mokele, monster, neither, ness, nor, not, of, of, or, or, or, originally, particularly, popular, present, pseudoscience, pseudoscience, refer, sanderson, science, scientific, searches, studies, studies, subculture, subculture, such, t, term, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, these, those, to, unknown, unsubstantiated, was, whose, yeti, zoologists, zoology

a, a, a, a, t, as, as, by, by, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, or, or, or, to, and, and, and, for, nor, not, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, does, ivan, loch, ness, such, term, that, yeti, 1950s, devil, refer, these, those, whose, branch, coined, follow, jersey, mbembe, method, mokele, animals, because, bernard, bigfoot, extinct, founded, monster, neither, popular, present, science, studies, studies, unknown, zoology, cryptids, disputed, entities, folklore, folklore, searches, existence, legendary, sanderson, chupacabra, considered, heuvelmans, mainstream, originally, scientific, subculture, subculture, zoologists, particularly, cryptozoology, cryptozoology, pseudoscience, pseudoscience, unsubstantiated, cryptozoologists


The economy of Colombia is the fourth largest in Latin America as measured by gross domestic product and the third-largest economic power in South America. Colombia has experienced a historic economic boom over the last decade. Throughout most of the 20th century, Colombia was Latin America's 4th and 3rd largest economy when measured by nominal GDP, real GDP, GDP (PPP), and real GDP at chained PPPs. Between 2012 and 2014, it became the 3rd largest in Latin America by nominal GDP. As of 2018, the GDP (PPP) per capita has increased to over US$14,000, and real gross domestic product at chained PPPs increased from US$250 billion in 1990 to nearly US$800 billion. Poverty levels were as high as 65% in 1990, but decreased to under 30% by 2014, and 27% by 2018. They decreased by an average of 1.35% per year since 1990.

poverty, most, 35, nominal, gdp, us, as, the, and, the, largest, increased, to, by, colombia, 30, by, between, gdp, decade, since, 4th, ppps, s, the, billion, under, levels, latin, third, in, 27, to, high, 3rd, america, historic, colombia, at, latin, and, year, 000, experienced, to, and, by, 2018, 2014, nearly, largest, it, domestic, 1990, measured, economy, of, 3rd, in, by, was, power, increased, gdp, of, as, economic, gdp, as, gdp, us, over, the, the, america, last, latin, were, has, decreased, largest, at, from, 1990, became, 2014, is, and, they, 250, ppp, when, boom, us, product, ppps, colombia, gross, south, has, and, of, billion, chained, largest, and, economic, 1990, real, economy, chained, in, over, real, 14, product, america, ppp, america, 2018, 65, per, by, real, 800, average, 2012, gdp, the, in, in, a, throughout, of, the, domestic, measured, 1, 20th, fourth, century, capita, per, nominal, as, gross, decreased, an, but, by

000, 1, 14, 1990, 1990, 1990, 2012, 2014, 2014, 2018, 2018, 20th, 250, 27, 30, 35, 3rd, 3rd, 4th, 65, 800, a, america, america, america, america, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, as, as, as, as, at, at, average, became, between, billion, billion, boom, but, by, by, by, by, by, by, capita, century, chained, chained, colombia, colombia, colombia, decade, decreased, decreased, domestic, domestic, economic, economic, economy, economy, experienced, fourth, from, gdp, gdp, gdp, gdp, gdp, gdp, gross, gross, has, has, high, historic, in, in, in, in, in, increased, increased, is, it, largest, largest, largest, largest, last, latin, latin, latin, levels, measured, measured, most, nearly, nominal, nominal, of, of, of, of, over, over, per, per, poverty, power, ppp, ppp, ppps, ppps, product, product, real, real, real, s, since, south, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, they, third, throughout, to, to, to, under, us, us, us, was, were, when, year

1, a, s, 14, 27, 30, 35, 65, an, as, as, as, as, at, at, by, by, by, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, us, us, us, 000, 250, 3rd, 3rd, 4th, 800, and, and, and, and, and, and, but, gdp, gdp, gdp, gdp, gdp, gdp, has, has, per, per, ppp, ppp, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1990, 1990, 1990, 2012, 2014, 2014, 2018, 2018, 20th, boom, from, high, last, most, over, over, ppps, ppps, real, real, real, they, were, when, year, gross, gross, latin, latin, latin, power, since, south, third, under, became, capita, decade, fourth, levels, nearly, america, america, america, america, average, between, billion, billion, century, chained, chained, economy, economy, largest, largest, largest, largest, nominal, nominal, poverty, product, product, colombia, colombia, colombia, domestic, domestic, economic, economic, historic, measured, measured, decreased, decreased, increased, increased, throughout, experienced


Since being liberalized in 1991, the Colombian telecommunications sector has added new services, expanded coverage, improved efficiency, and lowered costs. The sector has had the second largest (after energy) investment in infrastructure (54 percent) since 1997. However, the economic downturn between 1999 and 2002 adversely affected telecommunications. During this period, Colombia's telecommunications industry lost US$2 billion despite a profit of US$1 billion in local service. In June 2003, the government liquidated the state-owned and heavily indebted National Telecommunications Company (Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones—Telecom) and replaced it with Colombia Telecomunicaciones (Colombia Telecom). The measure enabled the industry to expand rapidly, and in 2004 it constituted 2.8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Telefónica of Spain acquired 50 percent plus one share of the company in 2006.

improved, sector, empresa, rapidly, lost, colombia, of, company, had, of, downturn, profit, national, liberalized, nacional, in, new, liquidated, telecommunications, the, share, service, 1999, telecommunications, economic, since, the, largest, local, with, since, colombian, 54, telecommunications, added, a, this, 2, colombia, 2006, product, replaced, the, has, between, the, 2004, services, 1, affected, to, despite, infrastructure, us, of, colombia, billion, us, 2002, the, coverage, the, heavily, lowered, period, gross, plus, constituted, has, industry, costs, 2, indebted, telecomunicaciones, government, after, it, and, energy, telecom, acquired, in, s, sector, and, in, measure, state, being, in, 1997, the, expanded, percent, telecom, 8, efficiency, of, adversely, and, during, june, percent, the, industry, spain, investment, company, telefónica, it, percent, telecommunications, enabled, expand, gdp, domestic, 50, telecomunicaciones, second, and, the, 1991, owned, de, one, in, in, and, 2003, however, billion

1, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2, 2, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 50, 54, 8, a, acquired, added, adversely, affected, after, and, and, and, and, and, being, between, billion, billion, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombian, company, company, constituted, costs, coverage, de, despite, domestic, downturn, during, economic, efficiency, empresa, enabled, energy, expand, expanded, gdp, government, gross, had, has, has, heavily, however, improved, in, in, in, in, in, in, indebted, industry, industry, infrastructure, investment, it, it, june, largest, liberalized, liquidated, local, lost, lowered, measure, nacional, national, new, of, of, of, of, one, owned, percent, percent, percent, period, plus, product, profit, rapidly, replaced, s, second, sector, sector, service, services, share, since, since, spain, state, telecom, telecom, telecommunications, telecommunications, telecommunications, telecommunications, telecomunicaciones, telecomunicaciones, telefónica, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, to, us, us, with

1, 2, 2, 8, a, s, 50, 54, de, in, in, in, in, in, in, it, it, of, of, of, of, to, us, us, and, and, and, and, and, gdp, had, has, has, new, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, june, lost, plus, this, with, added, after, being, costs, gross, local, owned, share, since, since, spain, state, during, energy, expand, period, profit, second, sector, sector, between, billion, billion, company, company, despite, empresa, enabled, heavily, however, largest, lowered, measure, percent, percent, percent, product, rapidly, service, telecom, telecom, acquired, affected, colombia, colombia, colombia, coverage, domestic, downturn, economic, expanded, improved, indebted, industry, industry, nacional, national, replaced, services, adversely, colombian, efficiency, government, investment, liquidated, telefónica, constituted, liberalized, infrastructure, telecommunications, telecommunications, telecommunications, telecommunications, telecomunicaciones, telecomunicaciones


The Military Forces of Colombia () are the unified armed forces of the Republic of Colombia. They consist of the Colombian Army, the Colombian Navy and the Colombian Aerospace Force. The National Police of Colombia, although technically not part of the military, is controlled and administered by the Ministry of National Defence, and national conscription also includes service in the National Police, thus making it a de facto gendarmerie and a branch of the military. The President of Colombia is the military's commander in chief, and helps formulate defense policy through the Ministry of National Defence, which is in charge of day-to-day operations.

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a, a, administered, aerospace, also, although, and, and, and, and, and, are, armed, army, branch, by, charge, chief, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombian, colombian, colombian, commander, conscription, consist, controlled, day, day, de, defence, defence, defense, facto, force, forces, forces, formulate, gendarmerie, helps, in, in, in, includes, is, is, is, it, making, military, military, military, military, ministry, ministry, national, national, national, national, national, navy, not, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, operations, part, police, police, policy, president, republic, s, service, technically, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, they, through, thus, to, unified, which

a, a, s, by, de, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, and, and, are, day, day, not, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, also, army, navy, part, they, thus, armed, chief, facto, force, helps, which, branch, charge, forces, forces, making, police, police, policy, consist, defence, defence, defense, service, through, unified, although, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombia, includes, military, military, military, military, ministry, ministry, national, national, national, national, national, republic, aerospace, colombian, colombian, colombian, commander, formulate, president, controlled, operations, gendarmerie, technically, administered, conscription


The history of Colombia includes the settlements and society by indigenous peoples, most notably, the Muisca Confederation, Quimbaya Civilization, and Tairona Chiefdoms; the Spanish arrived in 1492 and initiated a period of annexation and colonization, most noteworthy being Spanish conquest; ultimately creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada, with its capital at Bogotá. Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 the "Gran Colombia" Federation was dissolved. What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886; as well as constant political violence in the country. Panama seceded in 1903. Since the 1960s, the country has suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict, which escalated in the 1990s, but then decreased from 2005 onward. The legacy of Colombia's history has resulted in a rich cultural heritage; while varied geography, and the imposing landscape of the country has resulted in the development of very strong regional identities.

was, 1858, includes, varied, in, independence, and, of, notably, has, as, spain, a, creating, which, the, but, 2005, of, new, nation, won, panama, the, as, quimbaya, the, in, 1990s, is, emerged, settlements, in, as, country, from, and, violence, annexation, escalated, imposing, landscape, experimented, period, united, in, peoples, of, of, now, onward, country, in, the, chiefdoms, panama, dissolved, finally, confederation, constant, gran, an, country, then, a, was, the, in, viceroyalty, 1886, geography, resulted, granadine, asymmetric, of, and, 1830, noteworthy, ultimately, the, armed, the, by, the, resulted, since, colombia, conflict, from, by, the, of, colombia, 1960s, but, conquest, society, in, legacy, the, new, the, 1863, federalism, granada, declared, colombia, spanish, seceded, new, identities, intensity, suffered, granada, and, of, what, republic, 1903, was, colombia, muisca, well, with, low, strong, history, the, federation, before, most, regional, colombia, rich, most, of, the, republic, the, 1492, then, has, tairona, the, arrived, history, spanish, has, the, development, with, capital, its, confederation, as, the, in, colonization, decreased, initiated, the, from, and, 1819, colombia, indigenous, and, cultural, being, the, bogotá, of, states, very, s, and, civilization, at, heritage, while, political

1492, 1819, 1830, 1858, 1863, 1886, 1903, 1960s, 1990s, 2005, a, a, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, annexation, armed, arrived, as, as, as, as, asymmetric, at, before, being, bogotá, but, but, by, by, capital, chiefdoms, civilization, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombia, colombia, colonization, confederation, confederation, conflict, conquest, constant, country, country, country, creating, cultural, declared, decreased, development, dissolved, emerged, escalated, experimented, federalism, federation, finally, from, from, from, geography, gran, granada, granada, granadine, has, has, has, heritage, history, history, identities, imposing, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, includes, independence, indigenous, initiated, intensity, is, its, landscape, legacy, low, most, most, muisca, nation, new, new, new, notably, noteworthy, now, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, onward, panama, panama, peoples, period, political, quimbaya, regional, republic, republic, resulted, resulted, rich, s, seceded, settlements, since, society, spain, spanish, spanish, states, strong, suffered, tairona, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, then, ultimately, united, varied, very, viceroyalty, violence, was, was, was, well, what, which, while, with, with, won

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The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic, in which the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Czech Republic, which reports to the Chamber of Deputies. The legislature is exercised by the Parliament. The Czech Parliament is bicameral: the upper house of the Parliament is the Senate, and the lower house is the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate consists of 81 members who are elected for six years. The Chamber of Deputies consists of 200 members who are elected for four years. The judiciary system is topped by the trio of the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court.

who, is, the, exercised, elected, the, senate, of, power, the, the, house, is, is, republic, deputies, members, executive, are, government, years, lower, is, of, the, the, minister, which, by, government, is, consists, chamber, the, the, of, of, is, in, the, the, members, the, the, for, of, unitary, years, is, constitutional, supreme, the, 81, 200, parliament, of, parliament, a, and, president, prime, consists, six, the, supreme, court, chamber, and, parliamentary, the, of, deputies, of, the, by, republic, and, topped, senate, upper, court, czech, czech, for, to, who, state, the, deputies, of, court, the, elected, head, the, exercised, which, are, is, republic, administrative, by, system, parliament, legislature, the, four, head, the, of, reports, trio, is, house, judiciary, chamber, czech, bicameral

200, 81, a, administrative, and, and, and, are, are, bicameral, by, by, by, chamber, chamber, chamber, consists, consists, constitutional, court, court, court, czech, czech, czech, deputies, deputies, deputies, elected, elected, executive, exercised, exercised, for, for, four, government, government, head, head, house, house, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, judiciary, legislature, lower, members, members, minister, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, parliament, parliament, parliament, parliamentary, power, president, prime, reports, republic, republic, republic, senate, senate, six, state, supreme, supreme, system, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, topped, trio, unitary, upper, which, which, who, who, years, years

a, 81, by, by, by, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, 200, and, and, and, are, are, for, for, six, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, who, who, four, head, head, trio, court, court, court, czech, czech, czech, house, house, lower, power, prime, state, upper, which, which, years, years, senate, senate, system, topped, chamber, chamber, chamber, elected, elected, members, members, reports, supreme, supreme, unitary, consists, consists, deputies, deputies, deputies, minister, republic, republic, republic, bicameral, executive, exercised, exercised, judiciary, president, government, government, parliament, parliament, parliament, legislature, parliamentary, administrative, constitutional


The economy of the Czech Republic is a developed export-oriented social market economy based in services, manufacturing, and innovation that maintains a high-income welfare state and  the European social model. The Czech Republic participates in the European Single Market as a member of the European Union, and is therefore a part of the economy of the European Union. It uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the euro. It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Czech  Republic ranks 16th in inequality-adjusted human development and 24th in World Bank Human Capital Index, ahead of countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom or France. It was described by The Guardian as "one of Europe's most flourishing economies".

guardian, the, and, was, own, it, the, of, human, a, of, market, the, euro, by, in, is, the, operation, of, oecd, the, in, social, europe, in, the, republic, high, member, economy, united, or, social, countries, participates, adjusted, most, united, welfare, of, of, bank, organisation, developed, republic, manufacturing, development, it, therefore, czech, oriented, index, union, the, european, for, republic, inequality, 16th, innovation, based, income, the, services, single, economies, and, in, as, currency, as, development, its, the, world, the, state, france, instead, ranks, market, czech, economic, it, as, is, the, of, s, human, ahead, economy, part, a, economy, european, such, koruna, is, kingdom, and, described, czech, one, the, a, that, model, export, of, of, the, and, a, and, flourishing, 24th, european, co, the, a, union, maintains, member, czech, capital, states, the, european, uses

16th, 24th, a, a, a, a, a, adjusted, ahead, and, and, and, and, and, as, as, as, bank, based, by, capital, co, countries, currency, czech, czech, czech, czech, described, developed, development, development, economic, economies, economy, economy, economy, euro, europe, european, european, european, european, export, flourishing, for, france, guardian, high, human, human, in, in, in, in, income, index, inequality, innovation, instead, is, is, is, it, it, it, its, kingdom, koruna, maintains, manufacturing, market, market, member, member, model, most, oecd, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, one, operation, or, organisation, oriented, own, part, participates, ranks, republic, republic, republic, s, services, single, social, social, state, states, such, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, therefore, union, union, united, united, uses, was, welfare, world

a, a, a, a, a, s, as, as, as, by, co, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, and, and, and, and, and, for, its, one, own, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 16th, 24th, bank, euro, high, most, oecd, part, such, that, uses, ahead, based, czech, czech, czech, czech, human, human, index, model, ranks, state, union, union, world, europe, export, france, income, koruna, market, market, member, member, single, social, social, states, united, united, capital, economy, economy, economy, instead, kingdom, welfare, adjusted, currency, economic, european, european, european, european, guardian, oriented, republic, republic, republic, services, countries, described, developed, economies, maintains, operation, therefore, inequality, innovation, development, development, flourishing, organisation, participates, manufacturing


Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders) to small boulders. Climbing is done for locomotion, sporting recreation, for competition, and is also done in trades that rely on ascension, such as rescue and military operations. Climbing is done indoors and outdoors, on natural surfaces (e.g. rock climbing and ice climbing), and on artificial surfaces (e.g. climbing walls)

also, walls, the, g, climbing, g, topographical, surfaces, done, and, the, feet, indoors, s, of, range, natural, object, steep, e, climbing, on, can, climbing, thousanders, other, s, e, climbing, ascend, sporting, ascension, e, outdoors, tallest, for, done, for, rescue, boulders, from, trades, climbing, using, to, body, and, such, locomotion, and, military, that, the, is, in, is, g, is, to, parts, climbing, a, and, world, hands, competition, of, activity, on, or, ice, surfaces, done, on, is, eight, operations, rock, one, that, as, recreation, rely, small, mountains, artificial, and, the

a, activity, also, and, and, and, and, and, artificial, as, ascend, ascension, body, boulders, can, climbing, climbing, climbing, climbing, climbing, climbing, competition, done, done, done, e, e, e, eight, feet, for, for, from, g, g, g, hands, ice, in, indoors, is, is, is, is, locomotion, military, mountains, natural, object, of, of, on, on, on, one, operations, or, other, outdoors, parts, range, recreation, rely, rescue, rock, s, s, small, sporting, steep, such, surfaces, surfaces, tallest, that, that, the, the, the, the, thousanders, to, to, topographical, trades, using, walls, world

a, e, e, e, g, g, g, s, s, as, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, on, on, on, or, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, can, for, for, ice, one, the, the, the, the, also, body, done, done, done, feet, from, rely, rock, such, that, that, eight, hands, other, parts, range, small, steep, using, walls, world, ascend, object, rescue, trades, indoors, natural, tallest, activity, boulders, climbing, climbing, climbing, climbing, climbing, climbing, military, outdoors, sporting, surfaces, surfaces, ascension, mountains, artificial, locomotion, operations, recreation, competition, thousanders, topographical


The Continuity Irish Republican Army (Continuity IRA or CIRA), styling itself as the Irish Republican Army (), is an Irish republican paramilitary group that aims to bring about a united Ireland. It claims to be a direct continuation of the original Irish Republican Army and the national army of the Irish Republic that was proclaimed in 1916. It emerged from a split in the Provisional IRA in 1986 but did not become active until the Provisional IRA ceasefire of 1994. It is an illegal organisation in the Republic of Ireland and is designated a terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the United States. It has links with the political party Republican Sinn Féin (RSF).

organisation, a, the, illegal, political, aims, the, did, the, cira, republican, ireland, itself, republican, irish, an, a, an, is, united, the, organisation, states, republican, the, split, provisional, of, ira, a, it, a, united, with, styling, terrorist, irish, irish, become, or, national, in, ira, about, irish, in, designated, republican, that, continuity, rsf, until, direct, is, ira, republican, in, the, ireland, not, irish, army, the, is, paramilitary, 1994, united, as, proclaimed, 1986, army, continuation, army, it, in, and, republic, bring, be, and, féin, but, party, it, the, the, from, was, 1916, emerged, the, links, claims, original, provisional, of, active, ceasefire, continuity, sinn, zealand, new, the, and, has, of, to, to, army, group, that, republic, in, of, it, kingdom

1916, 1986, 1994, a, a, a, a, about, active, aims, an, an, and, and, and, army, army, army, army, as, be, become, bring, but, ceasefire, cira, claims, continuation, continuity, continuity, designated, did, direct, emerged, from, féin, group, has, illegal, in, in, in, in, in, ira, ira, ira, ireland, ireland, irish, irish, irish, irish, irish, is, is, is, it, it, it, it, itself, kingdom, links, national, new, not, of, of, of, of, or, organisation, organisation, original, paramilitary, party, political, proclaimed, provisional, provisional, republic, republic, republican, republican, republican, republican, republican, rsf, sinn, split, states, styling, terrorist, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, united, united, united, until, was, with, zealand

a, a, a, a, an, an, as, be, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, and, and, and, but, did, has, ira, ira, ira, new, not, rsf, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1916, 1986, 1994, aims, army, army, army, army, cira, from, féin, sinn, that, that, with, about, bring, group, irish, irish, irish, irish, irish, links, party, split, until, active, become, claims, direct, itself, states, united, united, united, emerged, illegal, ireland, ireland, kingdom, styling, zealand, national, original, republic, republic, ceasefire, political, terrorist, continuity, continuity, designated, proclaimed, republican, republican, republican, republican, republican, provisional, provisional, continuation, organisation, organisation, paramilitary


Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations that was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the middle of the 20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology. Category theory is used in almost all areas of mathematics. In particular, numerous constructions of new mathematical objects from previous ones that appear similarly in several contexts are conveniently expressed and unified in terms of categories. Examples include quotient spaces, direct products, completion, and duality.

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The Claudine series consists of four early novels by French authors Colette and Henry Gauthier-Villars, published 1900–1904. Written in diary form, they describe the growth to maturity of a young girl, Claudine. Aged fifteen at the beginning of the first book, Claudine at School, the series describes her education and experiences as she grows up. All the books are written in first-person with the first three having Claudine herself as the narrator.  The last in the series, Claudine s'en va, introduces a new narrator, Annie.

of, claudine, the, last, they, to, aged, up, maturity, are, the, published, series, annie, the, 1904, a, at, her, four, in, narrator, the, having, by, at, girl, of, the, she, book, written, written, diary, form, the, va, 1900, claudine, as, in, with, in, villars, early, claudine, colette, of, education, describes, the, new, books, novels, henry, all, three, describe, en, grows, beginning, consists, first, the, gauthier, the, as, growth, series, the, series, first, and, and, french, school, herself, introduces, first, young, claudine, person, experiences, s, a, fifteen, claudine, narrator, authors

1900, 1904, a, a, aged, all, and, and, annie, are, as, as, at, at, authors, beginning, book, books, by, claudine, claudine, claudine, claudine, claudine, colette, consists, describe, describes, diary, early, education, en, experiences, fifteen, first, first, first, form, four, french, gauthier, girl, grows, growth, having, henry, her, herself, in, in, in, introduces, last, maturity, narrator, narrator, new, novels, of, of, of, person, published, s, school, series, series, series, she, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, they, three, to, up, va, villars, with, written, written, young

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Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial ischemia, or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. Types include stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. In many cases, the first sign is a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an abnormal heartbeat.

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Caesium (IUPAC spelling; cesium in American English) is a chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali metal with a melting point of , which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. It is pyrophoric and reacts with water even at . It is the least electronegative element, with a value of 0.79 on the Pauling scale. It has only one stable isotope, caesium-133. Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite. Caesium-137, a fission product, is extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors. It has the largest atomic radius of all elements whose radii have been measured or calculated, at about 260 picometers.

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Cardiff (;  ) is the capital and largest city of Wales. Cardiff had a population of 362,310 in 2021, and forms a principal area officially known as the City and County of Cardiff (). The city is the eleventh-largest in the United Kingdom. Located in the south-east of Wales and in the Cardiff Capital Region, Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan and in 1974–1996 of South Glamorgan. It belongs to the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a port for coal when mining began in the region helped its expansion. In 1905, it was ranked as a city and in 1955 proclaimed capital of Wales. Cardiff Built-up Area covers a larger area outside the county boundary, including the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth.

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Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned practice of killing a person as a punishment for a crime, usually following an authorised, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant said punishment. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is condemned and is commonly referred to as being "on death row". Etymologically, the term capital (lit. "of the head", derived via the Latin  from , "head") refers to execution by beheading, but executions are carried out by many methods, including hanging, shooting, lethal injection, stoning, electrocution, and gassing.

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A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work. This embodies all art forms, the sciences, and philosophies. Historically, different nations or regions of the world have gone through their own independent sequence of movements in culture, but as world communications have accelerated this geographical distinction has become less distinct. When cultural movements go through revolutions from one to the next, genres tend to get attacked and mixed up, and often new genres are generated and old ones fade.: These changes are often reactions against the prior cultural form, which typically has grown stale and repetitive. An obsession emerges among the mainstream with the new movement, and the old one falls into neglect – sometimes it dies out entirely, but often it chugs along favored in a few disciplines and occasionally making reappearances (sometimes prefixed with "neo-").

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