In crystallography, a Frenkel defect is a type of point defect in crystalline solids, named after its discoverer Yakov Frenkel. The defect forms when an atom or smaller ion (usually cation) leaves its place in the lattice, creating a vacancy and becomes an interstitial by lodging in a nearby location. In elemental systems, they are primarily generated during particle irradiation, as their formation enthalpy is typically much higher than for other point defects, such as vacancies, and thus their equilibrium concentration according to the Boltzmann distribution is below the detection limit. In ionic crystals, which usually possess low coordination number or a considerable disparity in the sizes of the ions, this defect can be generated also spontaneously, where the smaller ion (usually the cation) is dislocated. Similar to a Schottky defect the Frenkel defect is a stoichiometric defect (does not change the over all stoichiometry of the compound). In ionic compounds, the vacancy and interstitial defect involved are oppositely charged and one might expect them to be located close to each other due to electrostatic attraction. However, this is not likely the case in real material due to smaller entropy of such a coupled defect, or because the two defects might collapse into each other.  Also, because such coupled complex defects are stoichiometric, their concentration will be independent of chemical conditions.

change, such, frenkel, a, might, because, an, does, also, the, sizes, of, defect, its, generated, over, lattice, and, due, of, the, because, lodging, ions, as, becomes, to, disparity, possess, a, smaller, a, crystals, defect, entropy, coordination, other, the, irradiation, other, expect, higher, and, usually, of, their, creating, usually, discoverer, thus, generated, to, or, elemental, defect, the, to, the, the, much, as, place, forms, the, stoichiometric, crystallography, below, nearby, atom, the, defect, not, two, compound, their, a, by, all, interstitial, attraction, however, case, real, be, is, location, named, each, them, to, after, defects, coupled, particle, is, ion, this, dislocated, located, this, the, in, leaves, in, when, compounds, interstitial, the, vacancy, number, a, involved, charged, each, a, stoichiometry, to, defect, spontaneously, are, chemical, its, their, point, cation, considerable, of, solids, close, complex, electrostatic, typically, limit, yakov, might, in, they, other, are, be, crystalline, defect, to, can, such, cation, in, boltzmann, where, is, in, conditions, distribution, is, the, stoichiometric, the, ion, ionic, primarily, coupled, similar, type, low, in, during, due, frenkel, detection, or, also, are, point, will, and, is, equilibrium, defects, according, smaller, systems, frenkel, a, schottky, not, collapse, in, enthalpy, smaller, of, is, be, the, concentration, into, concentration, in, material, or, usually, a, likely, defect, vacancies, and, independent, such, for, ionic, oppositely, one, than, an, formation, defect, vacancy, defect, the, in, which, defects

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, according, after, all, also, also, an, an, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, as, as, atom, attraction, be, be, be, because, because, becomes, below, boltzmann, by, can, case, cation, cation, change, charged, chemical, close, collapse, complex, compound, compounds, concentration, concentration, conditions, considerable, coordination, coupled, coupled, creating, crystalline, crystallography, crystals, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defects, defects, defects, detection, discoverer, dislocated, disparity, distribution, does, due, due, during, each, each, electrostatic, elemental, enthalpy, entropy, equilibrium, expect, for, formation, forms, frenkel, frenkel, frenkel, generated, generated, higher, however, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, independent, interstitial, interstitial, into, involved, ion, ion, ionic, ionic, ions, irradiation, is, is, is, is, is, is, its, its, lattice, leaves, likely, limit, located, location, lodging, low, material, might, might, much, named, nearby, not, not, number, of, of, of, of, of, one, oppositely, or, or, or, other, other, other, over, particle, place, point, point, possess, primarily, real, schottky, similar, sizes, smaller, smaller, smaller, solids, spontaneously, stoichiometric, stoichiometric, stoichiometry, such, such, such, systems, than, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, their, their, them, they, this, this, thus, to, to, to, to, to, to, two, type, typically, usually, usually, usually, vacancies, vacancy, vacancy, when, where, which, will, yakov

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, an, an, as, as, be, be, be, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, to, to, all, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, can, due, due, for, ion, ion, its, its, low, not, not, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, also, also, atom, case, does, each, each, into, ions, much, over, real, such, such, such, than, them, they, this, this, thus, type, when, will, after, below, close, forms, ionic, ionic, limit, might, might, named, other, other, other, place, point, point, sizes, their, their, their, where, which, yakov, cation, cation, change, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, defect, during, expect, higher, leaves, likely, nearby, number, solids, because, because, becomes, charged, complex, coupled, coupled, defects, defects, defects, entropy, frenkel, frenkel, frenkel, however, lattice, located, lodging, possess, similar, smaller, smaller, smaller, systems, usually, usually, usually, vacancy, vacancy, chemical, collapse, compound, creating, crystals, enthalpy, involved, location, material, particle, schottky, according, boltzmann, compounds, detection, disparity, elemental, formation, generated, generated, primarily, typically, vacancies, attraction, conditions, discoverer, dislocated, oppositely, crystalline, equilibrium, independent, irradiation, considerable, coordination, distribution, interstitial, interstitial, concentration, concentration, electrostatic, spontaneously, stoichiometry, stoichiometric, stoichiometric, crystallography


Succoth-benoth or Succoth Benoth (, Booths of Daughters) was a Babylonian deity, one of the deities brought to the former kingdom of Samaria by the men of Babylon. In the ninth year of Hoshea, "the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Habor by the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes", resettling large numbers of population. (2 Kings 17:6)

The "men" from each of these five cities ("national groups" - NIV) made its own gods and set them up in the shrines of the land, mixing it with the worship of Jehovah. "The men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, the men of Cuthah made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima, the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites ... Adrammelech and Anamelech." (2 Kings 17:30-31) The Bible says that these deities were idols, although the Samaritans were not punished because they worshipped the God of the Israelites as well. Like Ashima, the identity of Succoth-benoth is unknown. Hayim Tawil noted that Bànitu (Akkadian: 𒁀𒉌𒌈 Ba.ni.TUM, "the creaturess") was an epithet of Ishtar in Nineveh, and postulated the name "Succoth-benoth" was a Hebrew rendition of a Neo-Babylonian or Neo-Assyrian divine name meaning "the image of Bànitu".

sepharvites, worship, brought, national, the, kings, idols, babylon, placed, benoth, ni, 𒁀𒉌𒌈, deities, the, as, 17, of, jehovah, by, made, well, cities, took, from, resettling, name, unknown, anamelech, of, daughters, of, the, and, tawil, succoth, the, 30, and, akkadian, the, creaturess, noted, israel, succoth, deities, a, in, kingdom, of, was, samaria, neo, and, 2, and, the, meaning, identity, of, assyria, the, them, was, the, groups, 2, 17, niv, the, former, bànitu, of, men, gozan, into, babylonian, the, the, bànitu, land, punished, worshipped, rendition, 31, deity, in, in, numbers, the, year, ishtar, habor, 6, the, made, of, neo, own, nineveh, the, up, although, each, and, babylon, men, cities, benoth, gods, like, these, ashima, shrines, bible, king, the, israelites, hoshea, benoth, succoth, cuthah, large, a, of, were, of, men, god, the, halah, hebrew, the, says, of, of, away, succoth, was, babylonian, made, that, river, the, of, assyrian, men, they, not, adrammelech, hamath, in, avvites, five, nibhaz, set, the, an, them, these, the, of, and, with, of, divine, of, carried, it, samaritans, ashima, or, medes, of, made, epithet, were, of, of, the, population, samaria, assyria, in, a, men, made, and, benoth, hayim, tartak, postulated, mixing, or, the, to, by, tum, the, ninth, image, booths, because, name, the, the, of, nergal, and, kings, is, in, succoth, one, ba, that, benoth, of, and, its

17, 17, 2, 2, 30, 31, 6, a, a, a, adrammelech, akkadian, although, an, anamelech, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, as, ashima, ashima, assyria, assyria, assyrian, avvites, away, ba, babylon, babylon, babylonian, babylonian, because, benoth, benoth, benoth, benoth, benoth, bible, booths, brought, by, by, bànitu, bànitu, carried, cities, cities, creaturess, cuthah, daughters, deities, deities, deity, divine, each, epithet, five, former, from, god, gods, gozan, groups, habor, halah, hamath, hayim, hebrew, hoshea, identity, idols, image, in, in, in, in, in, in, into, is, ishtar, israel, israelites, it, its, jehovah, king, kingdom, kings, kings, land, large, like, made, made, made, made, made, meaning, medes, men, men, men, men, men, mixing, name, name, national, neo, neo, nergal, ni, nibhaz, nineveh, ninth, niv, not, noted, numbers, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, one, or, or, own, placed, population, postulated, punished, rendition, resettling, river, samaria, samaria, samaritans, says, sepharvites, set, shrines, succoth, succoth, succoth, succoth, succoth, tartak, tawil, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, them, them, these, these, they, to, took, tum, unknown, up, was, was, was, well, were, were, with, worship, worshipped, year, 𒁀𒉌𒌈

2, 2, 6, a, a, a, 17, 17, 30, 31, an, as, ba, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, ni, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, to, up, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, god, its, men, men, men, men, men, neo, neo, niv, not, one, own, set, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tum, was, was, was, 𒁀𒉌𒌈, away, each, five, from, gods, into, king, land, like, made, made, made, made, made, name, name, says, that, that, them, them, they, took, well, were, were, with, year, bible, deity, gozan, habor, halah, hayim, idols, image, kings, kings, large, medes, ninth, noted, river, tawil, these, these, ashima, ashima, benoth, benoth, benoth, benoth, benoth, booths, bànitu, bànitu, cities, cities, cuthah, divine, former, groups, hamath, hebrew, hoshea, ishtar, israel, mixing, nergal, nibhaz, placed, tartak, assyria, assyria, avvites, babylon, babylon, because, brought, carried, deities, deities, epithet, jehovah, kingdom, meaning, nineveh, numbers, samaria, samaria, shrines, succoth, succoth, succoth, succoth, succoth, unknown, worship, akkadian, although, assyrian, identity, national, punished, anamelech, daughters, rendition, babylonian, babylonian, creaturess, israelites, population, postulated, resettling, samaritans, worshipped, adrammelech, sepharvites


In England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man, the Diploma in Digital Applications (DiDA) was an optional information and communication technology (ICT) course, usually studied by Key Stage 4 or equivalent school students (aged 14–16). DiDA was introduced in 2005 (after a pilot starting in 2004) as a creation of the Edexcel examination board. DiDA was notable for its time in that it consisted entirely of coursework, completed on-computer; all work relating to the DiDA course was created, stored, assessed and moderated digitally. In the late 2000s it was generally taught as a replacement for GCSE ICT, and the GNVQ which had been withdrawn in 2007. DiDA faced controversy in its lifetime, particularly after the Wolf report found that it was primarily being taught by schools because it was the equivalent of studying four GCSEs at once, which had a major impact on league table scores. From 2012 a revised DiDA and CiDA were taught by a smaller number of centres, with the original qualification removed from league table consideration in 2014. The revised version was ultimately discontinued in 2020. At the scheme's launch, 200,000 students were enrolled on the qualification; this had declined to 6,000 on the revised version in 2016 and to 1,400 students by the time of the final report in 2020.

after, in, removed, the, by, had, dida, centres, which, on, dida, starting, the, communication, revised, were, gnvq, controversy, ict, the, launch, 6, the, discontinued, the, assessed, of, schools, 2020, gcses, the, time, generally, were, withdrawn, studying, in, taught, it, on, entirely, coursework, applications, stored, table, was, particularly, school, 200, was, major, computer, 14, faced, that, ireland, and, course, 2004, work, smaller, report, creation, lifetime, studied, was, in, taught, for, 2012, and, 2005, in, stage, of, revised, impact, equivalent, enrolled, students, table, found, the, students, relating, the, dida, final, scores, 2020, a, by, late, technology, the, ultimately, digitally, being, usually, man, declined, the, in, examination, a, northern, scheme, created, on, that, diploma, to, on, four, which, a, for, introduced, 2000s, of, was, number, board, consisted, of, had, at, this, the, in, to, ict, been, replacement, as, at, dida, s, of, isle, in, and, course, because, 2007, information, and, all, wales, 000, in, its, had, a, 1, and, league, completed, the, a, pilot, primarily, 000, time, digital, from, from, edexcel, was, was, students, by, in, the, an, was, 4, aged, report, moderated, the, with, notable, revised, to, the, qualification, it, qualification, dida, in, 2014, once, gcse, or, dida, of, was, in, original, wolf, a, as, and, equivalent, league, england, cida, it, 400, consideration, its, 2016, in, taught, version, by, after, key, version, it, 16, optional

000, 000, 1, 14, 16, 200, 2000s, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2020, 2020, 4, 400, 6, a, a, a, a, a, a, after, after, aged, all, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, applications, as, as, assessed, at, at, because, been, being, board, by, by, by, by, centres, cida, communication, completed, computer, consideration, consisted, controversy, course, course, coursework, created, creation, declined, dida, dida, dida, dida, dida, dida, digital, digitally, diploma, discontinued, edexcel, england, enrolled, entirely, equivalent, equivalent, examination, faced, final, for, for, found, four, from, from, gcse, gcses, generally, gnvq, had, had, had, ict, ict, impact, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, information, introduced, ireland, isle, it, it, it, it, its, its, key, late, launch, league, league, lifetime, major, man, moderated, northern, notable, number, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, on, once, optional, or, original, particularly, pilot, primarily, qualification, qualification, relating, removed, replacement, report, report, revised, revised, revised, s, scheme, school, schools, scores, smaller, stage, starting, stored, students, students, students, studied, studying, table, table, taught, taught, taught, technology, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, time, time, to, to, to, ultimately, usually, version, version, wales, was, was, was, was, was, was, was, was, were, were, which, which, with, withdrawn, wolf, work

1, 4, 6, a, a, a, a, a, a, s, 14, 16, an, as, as, at, at, by, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, it, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, on, or, to, to, to, 000, 000, 200, 400, all, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, for, had, had, had, ict, ict, its, its, key, man, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, was, was, was, was, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2020, 2020, aged, been, cida, dida, dida, dida, dida, dida, dida, four, from, from, gcse, gnvq, isle, late, once, that, that, this, time, time, were, were, with, wolf, work, 2000s, after, after, being, board, faced, final, found, gcses, major, pilot, stage, table, table, wales, which, which, course, course, impact, launch, league, league, number, report, report, scheme, school, scores, stored, taught, taught, taught, because, centres, created, digital, diploma, edexcel, england, ireland, notable, removed, revised, revised, revised, schools, smaller, studied, usually, version, version, assessed, computer, creation, declined, enrolled, entirely, lifetime, northern, optional, original, relating, starting, students, students, students, studying, completed, consisted, digitally, generally, moderated, primarily, withdrawn, coursework, equivalent, equivalent, introduced, technology, ultimately, controversy, examination, information, replacement, applications, discontinued, particularly, communication, consideration, qualification, qualification


The Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi is a palace in Rome, Italy. It was built by the Borghese family on the Quirinal Hill; its footprint occupies the site where the ruins of the baths of Constantine stood, whose remains still are part of the basement of the main building, the Casino dell'Aurora. Its first inhabitant was the famed art collector Cardinal Scipione Borghese, the nephew of Pope Paul V, who wanted to be housed near the large papal Palazzo Quirinale. The palace and garden of the Pallavicini-Rospigliosi were the product of the accumulated sites and were designed by Giovanni Vasanzio and Carlo Maderno in 1611–16. Scipione owned this site for less than a decade, 1610–16, and commissioned the construction and decoration of the casino and pergolata, facing the garden of Montecavallo. The Roman palace of this name should not be mistaken for the panoramic Villa Pallavicino on the shores of Lake Como in Lombardy.
The Palace has also been the scene of important cultural and religious events.
On June 6, 1977 Princess Elvina Pallavicini invited in Palazzo Pallavicini Rospigliosi the archbishop monsignor Marcel Lefebvre for a conference on the Second Vatican Council and for the celebration of a Traditiona Mass, under the careful direction of the marquis Roberto Malvezzi, and Frigate Captain marquis Luigi Coda Nunziante di San Ferdinando. Many members of Alleanza Cattolica , the baron Roberto de Mattei, the pharmacologist Giulio Soldani, the sociologist Massimo Introvigne, the psychiatrist Mario Di Fiorino and Attilio Tamburrini (who will manage, together with Alfredo Mantovano, the Pontifical Foundation of the Catholic Church “Aid to the Church in Need”) and his brother Renato Tamburrini took part to the event.

of, of, shores, rome, fiorino, mantovano, renato, collector, second, pontifical, of, and, many, and, traditiona, who, the, art, dell, the, the, june, baths, this, giovanni, built, archbishop, with, for, nunziante, stood, the, designed, should, and, took, sociologist, in, family, massimo, the, site, scipione, and, religious, sites, inhabitant, pallavicini, decoration, pergolata, the, the, near, than, was, captain, 1611, scene, rospigliosi, casino, hill, to, the, the, the, the, rospigliosi, on, part, coda, it, the, the, on, this, casino, is, the, still, basement, the, roman, a, mass, were, name, building, whose, 1610, the, his, pharmacologist, di, accumulated, cattolica, important, 6, be, pallavicino, and, also, council, the, attilio, introvigne, in, pallavicini, marquis, of, palazzo, of, wanted, the, part, be, church, a, pope, the, and, of, borghese, the, on, panoramic, of, by, site, lefebvre, aurora, alfredo, roberto, the, its, members, large, need, its, first, quirinale, construction, was, main, of, de, of, and, san, are, elvina, catholic, in, the, of, cardinal, vatican, and, vasanzio, housed, the, palazzo, on, church, paul, the, quirinal, mistaken, ferdinando, decade, di, the, constantine, the, owned, palace, under, celebration, tamburrini, marquis, marcel, palazzo, for, frigate, event, the, will, events, a, product, the, and, borghese, the, a, como, of, monsignor, papal, 1977, by, remains, tamburrini, lombardy, and, garden, to, in, not, where, famed, of, palace, aid, of, mario, palace, 16, malvezzi, who, careful, of, manage, 16, for, footprint, has, cultural, pallavicini, of, the, facing, ruins, nephew, palace, maderno, together, invited, the, scipione, carlo, roberto, the, soldani, the, giulio, baron, brother, rospigliosi, v, and, occupies, less, the, foundation, italy, of, in, lake, conference, princess, were, the, for, direction, alleanza, psychiatrist, been, pallavicini, mattei, garden, montecavallo, villa, the, to, luigi, the, commissioned

16, 16, 1610, 1611, 1977, 6, a, a, a, a, accumulated, aid, alfredo, alleanza, also, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, archbishop, are, art, attilio, aurora, baron, basement, baths, be, be, been, borghese, borghese, brother, building, built, by, by, captain, cardinal, careful, carlo, casino, casino, catholic, cattolica, celebration, church, church, coda, collector, commissioned, como, conference, constantine, construction, council, cultural, de, decade, decoration, dell, designed, di, di, direction, elvina, event, events, facing, famed, family, ferdinando, fiorino, first, footprint, for, for, for, for, foundation, frigate, garden, garden, giovanni, giulio, has, hill, his, housed, important, in, in, in, in, in, inhabitant, introvigne, invited, is, it, italy, its, its, june, lake, large, lefebvre, less, lombardy, luigi, maderno, main, malvezzi, manage, mantovano, many, marcel, mario, marquis, marquis, mass, massimo, mattei, members, mistaken, monsignor, montecavallo, name, near, need, nephew, not, nunziante, occupies, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, on, owned, palace, palace, palace, palace, palazzo, palazzo, palazzo, pallavicini, pallavicini, pallavicini, pallavicini, pallavicino, panoramic, papal, part, part, paul, pergolata, pharmacologist, pontifical, pope, princess, product, psychiatrist, quirinal, quirinale, religious, remains, renato, roberto, roberto, roman, rome, rospigliosi, rospigliosi, rospigliosi, ruins, san, scene, scipione, scipione, second, shores, should, site, site, sites, sociologist, soldani, still, stood, tamburrini, tamburrini, than, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, this, to, to, to, together, took, traditiona, under, v, vasanzio, vatican, villa, wanted, was, was, were, were, where, who, who, whose, will, with

6, a, a, a, a, v, 16, 16, be, be, by, by, de, di, di, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, on, to, to, to, aid, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, art, for, for, for, for, has, his, its, its, not, san, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, who, who, 1610, 1611, 1977, also, been, coda, como, dell, hill, june, lake, less, main, many, mass, name, near, need, part, part, paul, pope, rome, site, site, than, this, this, took, were, were, will, with, baron, baths, built, carlo, event, famed, first, italy, large, luigi, mario, owned, papal, roman, ruins, scene, sites, still, stood, under, villa, where, whose, aurora, casino, casino, church, church, decade, elvina, events, facing, family, garden, garden, giulio, housed, manage, marcel, mattei, nephew, palace, palace, palace, palace, renato, second, shores, should, wanted, alfredo, attilio, brother, captain, careful, council, fiorino, frigate, invited, maderno, marquis, marquis, massimo, members, palazzo, palazzo, palazzo, product, remains, roberto, roberto, soldani, vatican, alleanza, basement, borghese, borghese, building, cardinal, catholic, cultural, designed, giovanni, lefebvre, lombardy, malvezzi, mistaken, occupies, princess, quirinal, scipione, scipione, together, vasanzio, cattolica, collector, direction, footprint, important, mantovano, monsignor, nunziante, panoramic, pergolata, quirinale, religious, archbishop, conference, decoration, ferdinando, foundation, inhabitant, introvigne, pontifical, tamburrini, tamburrini, traditiona, accumulated, celebration, constantine, pallavicini, pallavicini, pallavicini, pallavicini, pallavicino, rospigliosi, rospigliosi, rospigliosi, sociologist, commissioned, construction, montecavallo, psychiatrist, pharmacologist


A norm-referenced test (NRT) is a type of test, assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population, with respect to the trait being measured. Assigning scores on such tests may be described as relative grading, marking on a curve (BrE) or grading on a curve (AmE, CanE) (also referred to as curved grading, bell curving, or using grading curves). It is a method of assigning grades to the students in a class in such a way as to obtain or approach a pre-specified distribution of these grades having a specific mean and derivation properties, such as a normal distribution (also called Gaussian distribution). The term "curve" refers to the bell curve, the graphical representation of the probability density of the normal distribution, but this method can be used to achieve any desired distribution of the grades – for example, a uniform distribution. The estimate is derived from the analysis of test scores and possibly other relevant data from a sample drawn from the population. That is, this type of test identifies whether the test taker performed better or worse than other test takers, not whether the test taker knows either more or less material than is necessary for a given purpose. The term normative assessment is used when the reference population are the peers of the test taker.

better, distribution, sample, of, the, normative, curve, a, position, knows, having, density, with, of, drawn, to, grading, grading, a, curve, also, the, to, curved, this, the, necessary, test, the, trait, either, to, uniform, obtain, from, assessment, way, of, the, a, used, test, it, test, of, whether, ame, to, bre, the, norm, the, distribution, respect, yields, from, in, described, other, the, as, type, being, assessment, bell, term, in, the, curving, a, students, when, method, analysis, cane, scores, tested, and, distribution, performed, a, the, a, of, other, a, used, peers, referenced, refers, gaussian, on, on, evaluation, derivation, estimate, the, is, is, or, using, of, population, normal, of, for, properties, data, also, desired, material, curve, specified, grades, example, the, of, taker, than, grades, than, which, test, but, the, type, class, to, possibly, the, not, worse, curve, specific, referred, achieve, taker, a, bell, is, and, a, such, be, a, marking, or, measured, are, can, is, purpose, less, estimate, that, probability, to, for, approach, be, graphical, or, the, assigning, a, any, the, of, such, normal, of, reference, takers, as, representation, the, the, identifies, distribution, whether, is, pre, on, or, individual, term, a, as, distribution, test, population, of, assigning, given, tests, such, more, this, is, grading, grading, from, scores, distribution, test, or, a, population, test, the, these, derived, relative, predefined, test, or, an, curves, called, a, in, grades, relevant, method, nrt, as, taker, mean, may

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, achieve, also, also, ame, an, analysis, and, and, any, approach, are, as, as, as, as, assessment, assessment, assigning, assigning, be, be, being, bell, bell, better, bre, but, called, can, cane, class, curve, curve, curve, curve, curved, curves, curving, data, density, derivation, derived, described, desired, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, drawn, either, estimate, estimate, evaluation, example, for, for, from, from, from, gaussian, given, grades, grades, grades, grading, grading, grading, grading, graphical, having, identifies, in, in, in, individual, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, knows, less, marking, material, may, mean, measured, method, method, more, necessary, norm, normal, normal, normative, not, nrt, obtain, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, or, or, or, or, or, or, other, other, peers, performed, population, population, population, position, possibly, pre, predefined, probability, properties, purpose, reference, referenced, referred, refers, relative, relevant, representation, respect, sample, scores, scores, specific, specified, students, such, such, such, taker, taker, taker, takers, term, term, test, test, test, test, test, test, test, test, tested, tests, than, than, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, these, this, this, to, to, to, to, to, to, trait, type, type, uniform, used, used, using, way, when, whether, whether, which, with, worse, yields

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, an, as, as, as, as, be, be, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, or, or, or, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, to, to, ame, and, and, any, are, bre, but, can, for, for, may, not, nrt, pre, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, way, also, also, bell, bell, cane, data, from, from, from, less, mean, more, norm, such, such, such, term, term, test, test, test, test, test, test, test, test, than, than, that, this, this, type, type, used, used, when, with, being, class, curve, curve, curve, curve, drawn, given, knows, other, other, peers, taker, taker, taker, tests, these, trait, using, which, worse, better, called, curved, curves, either, grades, grades, grades, having, method, method, normal, normal, obtain, refers, sample, scores, scores, takers, tested, yields, achieve, curving, density, derived, desired, example, grading, grading, grading, grading, marking, purpose, respect, uniform, whether, whether, analysis, approach, estimate, estimate, gaussian, material, measured, position, possibly, referred, relative, relevant, specific, students, assigning, assigning, described, graphical, necessary, normative, performed, reference, specified, assessment, assessment, derivation, evaluation, identifies, individual, population, population, population, predefined, properties, referenced, probability, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, distribution, representation


Grayson Highlands State Park is a state park located in Grayson County, Virginia, United States. It is adjacent to the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area and lies within the Jefferson National Forest.  The park was established in 1965 and contains a total of .  The park hosts a number of outdoor activities including hiking, camping, mountainbiking, horseback riding, and backpacking.  A 2.8 mile (4.5 km) portion of the Appalachian Trail runs through the park in addition to a number of other hiking and horseback riding trails.  The state park is musically notable as the home for the Grayson Highlands Fall Festival as well as weekly jam sessions by local folk musicians, who draw upon the traditional styles of the Blue Ridge area.  The park is also home to the Wayne C. Henderson Festival and Guitar Competition, a regionally important festival and guitarist contest named for local notable guitar-maker Wayne Henderson.
 The park also has a campground cabin store with candies and ice cream inside.
The park hosts forests like those on nearby Mount Rogers, as well as a number of mountain meadows or balds.  These meadows provide excellent views of the surrounding area and present a striking change in scenery from the surrounding forests.  The balds are dominated by large rocky outcroppings clear of vegetation excepting the occasional windswept tree and low grasses.

2, nearby, highlands, traditional, in, ridge, outdoor, addition, as, appalachian, to, county, windswept, excepting, guitarist, also, a, fall, is, the, lies, mountainbiking, folk, the, the, rocky, forest, park, a, for, adjacent, state, contains, camping, riding, the, riding, surrounding, the, by, grayson, as, henderson, balds, festival, the, the, national, runs, hiking, 5, the, contest, park, festival, as, horseback, area, notable, present, excellent, of, competition, state, weekly, and, rogers, hosts, states, provide, store, of, guitar, park, is, and, other, wayne, horseback, by, has, c, park, the, of, mount, these, cabin, hosts, like, number, to, who, vegetation, balds, mount, the, and, trail, clear, recreation, 1965, the, musicians, and, km, a, united, the, backpacking, well, dominated, park, candies, and, campground, forests, located, of, the, are, as, park, those, mountain, outcroppings, home, park, surrounding, a, it, and, a, or, of, of, occasional, and, 4, of, musically, the, the, maker, within, for, local, jam, state, the, wayne, the, home, scenery, well, jefferson, views, number, was, through, of, area, regionally, to, 8, and, the, forests, in, inside, grasses, in, grayson, national, and, guitar, henderson, cream, local, blue, draw, park, upon, meadows, highlands, the, important, striking, on, tree, a, number, is, styles, established, park, a, rogers, festival, virginia, grayson, meadows, is, mile, sessions, from, large, named, change, total, in, area, a, trails, hiking, with, notable, a, including, low, also, ice, as, portion, activities

1965, 2, 4, 5, 8, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, activities, addition, adjacent, also, also, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, appalachian, are, area, area, area, as, as, as, as, as, backpacking, balds, balds, blue, by, by, c, cabin, campground, camping, candies, change, clear, competition, contains, contest, county, cream, dominated, draw, established, excellent, excepting, fall, festival, festival, festival, folk, for, for, forest, forests, forests, from, grasses, grayson, grayson, grayson, guitar, guitar, guitarist, has, henderson, henderson, highlands, highlands, hiking, hiking, home, home, horseback, horseback, hosts, hosts, ice, important, in, in, in, in, including, inside, is, is, is, is, it, jam, jefferson, km, large, lies, like, local, local, located, low, maker, meadows, meadows, mile, mount, mount, mountain, mountainbiking, musically, musicians, named, national, national, nearby, notable, notable, number, number, number, occasional, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, other, outcroppings, outdoor, park, park, park, park, park, park, park, park, park, portion, present, provide, recreation, regionally, ridge, riding, riding, rocky, rogers, rogers, runs, scenery, sessions, state, state, state, states, store, striking, styles, surrounding, surrounding, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, these, those, through, to, to, to, total, traditional, trail, trails, tree, united, upon, vegetation, views, virginia, was, wayne, wayne, weekly, well, well, who, windswept, with, within

2, 4, 5, 8, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, c, as, as, as, as, as, by, by, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, km, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, for, for, has, ice, jam, low, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, who, 1965, also, also, area, area, area, blue, draw, fall, folk, from, home, home, lies, like, mile, park, park, park, park, park, park, park, park, park, runs, tree, upon, well, well, with, balds, balds, cabin, clear, cream, hosts, hosts, large, local, local, maker, mount, mount, named, other, ridge, rocky, state, state, state, store, these, those, total, trail, views, wayne, wayne, change, county, forest, guitar, guitar, hiking, hiking, inside, nearby, number, number, number, riding, riding, rogers, rogers, states, styles, trails, united, weekly, within, camping, candies, contest, forests, forests, grasses, grayson, grayson, grayson, located, meadows, meadows, notable, notable, outdoor, portion, present, provide, scenery, through, addition, adjacent, contains, festival, festival, festival, mountain, national, national, sessions, striking, virginia, dominated, excellent, excepting, guitarist, henderson, henderson, highlands, highlands, horseback, horseback, important, including, jefferson, musically, musicians, windswept, activities, campground, occasional, recreation, regionally, vegetation, appalachian, backpacking, competition, established, surrounding, surrounding, traditional, outcroppings, mountainbiking


Raymond Earl Baldwin (August 31, 1893 – October 4, 1986) was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Connecticut and also as the 72nd and 74th Governor of Connecticut. A conservative Republican, he was elected governor of Connecticut in 1938 during a Republican landslide promising a balanced budget, government aid to private business, and lower taxes. He sharply cut the state budget, producing a million dollars surplus. He was defeated for reelection in 1940, but was elected governor again in 1942 and 1944. He supervised a complex system of civil defense and statewide services on the homefront during the war. He planned an elaborate program to deal with the postwar reconversion of Connecticut's many warplane and munitions plants. He was elected to the Senate in the Republican landslide of 1946. As a spokesman for the small businesses of America, he compiled a conservative record in favor of less regulation, except for more regulation of labor unions through the Taft–Hartley Act. As chairman of a subcommittee of the Armed Services committee, Baldwin engaged in a long-running dispute with Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy alleged that Baldwin was whitewashing an episode in which Army prosecutors in 1944 gained the death penalty for German soldiers accused of massacring Americans at the Malmedy Massacre. Exhausted by the highly publicized controversy, Baldwin resigned from the Senate in December 1949 to become a state judge.

a, highly, senator, the, was, reconversion, the, 1938, the, the, states, episode, landslide, who, he, massacring, as, baldwin, he, warplane, 1986, in, senator, 4, the, and, united, homefront, armed, planned, budget, but, alleged, of, conservative, august, plants, a, raymond, october, an, favor, during, a, he, wisconsin, to, a, governor, services, producing, of, in, through, was, army, regulation, services, except, american, spokesman, that, unions, malmedy, for, senate, lower, act, private, 1944, he, businesses, for, from, 1949, cut, committee, soldiers, to, december, in, the, with, aid, during, and, of, governor, and, and, baldwin, long, 31, labor, was, controversy, he, republican, was, of, was, baldwin, also, system, record, conservative, by, senate, a, civil, exhausted, connecticut, government, as, million, of, dispute, politician, at, many, mccarthy, the, war, postwar, of, whitewashing, of, a, the, state, prosecutors, death, the, taft, s, republican, he, resigned, publicized, a, connecticut, of, judge, an, a, a, business, to, surplus, become, running, promising, deal, and, in, regulation, was, reelection, compiled, chairman, an, in, accused, the, america, balanced, penalty, as, elected, the, 1942, in, americans, 1893, mccarthy, in, supervised, served, statewide, of, on, and, less, for, the, from, more, massacre, elected, the, connecticut, baldwin, of, sharply, small, as, joseph, state, in, taxes, 1944, in, gained, budget, 1946, governor, elected, 1940, subcommittee, earl, german, for, defeated, he, program, landslide, the, a, munitions, of, a, dollars, republican, defense, with, complex, connecticut, to, engaged, again, elaborate, hartley, 72nd, which, 74th

1893, 1938, 1940, 1942, 1944, 1944, 1946, 1949, 1986, 31, 4, 72nd, 74th, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, accused, act, again, aid, alleged, also, america, american, americans, an, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, armed, army, as, as, as, as, at, august, balanced, baldwin, baldwin, baldwin, baldwin, become, budget, budget, business, businesses, but, by, chairman, civil, committee, compiled, complex, connecticut, connecticut, connecticut, connecticut, conservative, conservative, controversy, cut, deal, death, december, defeated, defense, dispute, dollars, during, during, earl, elaborate, elected, elected, elected, engaged, episode, except, exhausted, favor, for, for, for, for, from, from, gained, german, government, governor, governor, governor, hartley, he, he, he, he, he, he, he, highly, homefront, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, joseph, judge, labor, landslide, landslide, less, long, lower, malmedy, many, massacre, massacring, mccarthy, mccarthy, million, more, munitions, october, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, penalty, planned, plants, politician, postwar, private, producing, program, promising, prosecutors, publicized, raymond, reconversion, record, reelection, regulation, regulation, republican, republican, republican, resigned, running, s, senate, senate, senator, senator, served, services, services, sharply, small, soldiers, spokesman, state, state, states, statewide, subcommittee, supervised, surplus, system, taft, taxes, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, through, to, to, to, to, unions, united, war, warplane, was, was, was, was, was, was, which, whitewashing, who, wisconsin, with, with

4, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, s, 31, an, an, an, as, as, as, as, at, by, he, he, he, he, he, he, he, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, act, aid, and, and, and, and, and, and, but, cut, for, for, for, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, was, was, was, was, was, who, 1893, 1938, 1940, 1942, 1944, 1944, 1946, 1949, 1986, 72nd, 74th, also, army, deal, earl, from, from, less, long, many, more, taft, that, with, with, again, armed, civil, death, favor, judge, labor, lower, small, state, state, taxes, which, august, become, budget, budget, during, during, except, gained, german, highly, joseph, plants, record, senate, senate, served, states, system, unions, united, accused, alleged, america, baldwin, baldwin, baldwin, baldwin, complex, defense, dispute, dollars, elected, elected, elected, engaged, episode, hartley, malmedy, million, october, penalty, planned, postwar, private, program, raymond, running, senator, senator, sharply, surplus, through, american, balanced, business, chairman, compiled, december, defeated, governor, governor, governor, massacre, mccarthy, mccarthy, resigned, services, services, soldiers, warplane, americans, committee, elaborate, exhausted, homefront, landslide, landslide, munitions, producing, promising, spokesman, statewide, wisconsin, businesses, government, massacring, politician, publicized, reelection, regulation, regulation, republican, republican, republican, supervised, connecticut, connecticut, connecticut, connecticut, controversy, prosecutors, conservative, conservative, reconversion, subcommittee, whitewashing


Theoktistos or Theoctistus (; died November 20, 855) was a leading Byzantine official during the second quarter of the 9th century and the de facto head of the regency for the underage emperor Michael III from 842 until his dismissal and murder in 855. A eunuch courtier, he assisted in the ascent of Michael II to the throne in 820, and was rewarded with the titles of patrikios and later magistros. He held the high posts of chartoularios tou kanikleiou and logothetēs tou dromou under Michael and his son Theophilos. After Theophilos' death in 842, Theoktistos became member of the regency council, but soon managed to sideline the other members and establish himself as the virtual ruler of the Empire. Noted for his administrative and political competence, Theoktistos played a major role in ending the Byzantine Iconoclasm, and fostered the ongoing renaissance in education within the Empire. He also continued the persecution of the Paulician sect, but had mixed success in the wars against the Arabs. When Michael III came of age in 855, his uncle Bardas persuaded him to throw off the tutelage of Theoktistos and his mother, the Empress-dowager Theodora, and on 20 November 855, Theoktistos was assassinated by Bardas and his followers.

byzantine, success, bardas, the, also, of, the, played, himself, other, leading, of, high, a, of, the, death, official, posts, but, the, 842, had, byzantine, and, november, regency, but, sideline, and, michael, held, soon, michael, after, in, the, quarter, 820, in, michael, members, establish, the, against, dowager, he, virtual, of, dismissal, theophilos, empress, theoktistos, the, assassinated, persuaded, his, empire, his, son, mother, and, the, logothetēs, in, from, he, and, as, on, and, for, managed, ending, when, mixed, was, kanikleiou, second, magistros, paulician, ruler, 855, iii, was, ii, his, theoktistos, tou, de, chartoularios, regency, theophilos, him, 9th, ascent, patrikios, the, courtier, the, member, in, until, empire, competence, or, age, to, he, eunuch, died, of, sect, the, throne, a, the, tutelage, role, the, persecution, theoktistos, and, followers, to, in, 855, during, ongoing, the, major, 855, his, and, his, and, wars, administrative, noted, bardas, underage, titles, the, and, the, for, renaissance, theoktistos, murder, throw, assisted, facto, in, a, century, fostered, continued, the, iconoclasm, in, uncle, arabs, of, tou, the, the, the, head, came, to, 20, education, 20, michael, and, the, theoctistus, within, became, 855, rewarded, emperor, 842, dromou, in, later, theodora, of, was, of, of, and, of, with, by, theoktistos, council, and, the, iii, off, november, under, his, political

20, 20, 820, 842, 842, 855, 855, 855, 855, 9th, a, a, a, administrative, after, against, age, also, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, arabs, as, ascent, assassinated, assisted, bardas, bardas, became, but, but, by, byzantine, byzantine, came, century, chartoularios, competence, continued, council, courtier, de, death, died, dismissal, dowager, dromou, during, education, emperor, empire, empire, empress, ending, establish, eunuch, facto, followers, for, for, fostered, from, had, he, he, he, head, held, high, him, himself, his, his, his, his, his, his, iconoclasm, ii, iii, iii, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, kanikleiou, later, leading, logothetēs, magistros, major, managed, member, members, michael, michael, michael, michael, mixed, mother, murder, noted, november, november, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, off, official, on, ongoing, or, other, patrikios, paulician, persecution, persuaded, played, political, posts, quarter, regency, regency, renaissance, rewarded, role, ruler, second, sect, sideline, son, soon, success, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, theoctistus, theodora, theoktistos, theoktistos, theoktistos, theoktistos, theoktistos, theophilos, theophilos, throne, throw, titles, to, to, to, tou, tou, tutelage, uncle, under, underage, until, virtual, wars, was, was, was, when, with, within

a, a, a, 20, 20, as, by, de, he, he, he, ii, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, to, 820, 842, 842, 855, 855, 855, 855, 9th, age, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, but, but, for, for, had, him, his, his, his, his, his, his, iii, iii, off, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tou, tou, was, was, was, also, came, died, from, head, held, high, role, sect, soon, wars, when, with, after, arabs, death, facto, later, major, mixed, noted, other, posts, ruler, throw, uncle, under, until, ascent, bardas, bardas, became, dromou, during, empire, empire, ending, eunuch, member, mother, murder, played, second, throne, titles, within, against, century, council, dowager, emperor, empress, himself, leading, managed, members, michael, michael, michael, michael, ongoing, quarter, regency, regency, success, virtual, assisted, courtier, fostered, november, november, official, rewarded, sideline, theodora, tutelage, underage, byzantine, byzantine, continued, dismissal, education, establish, followers, magistros, patrikios, paulician, persuaded, political, competence, iconoclasm, kanikleiou, logothetēs, theophilos, theophilos, persecution, renaissance, theoctistus, theoktistos, theoktistos, theoktistos, theoktistos, theoktistos, assassinated, chartoularios, administrative


Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract. This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure, as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation. Smoke inhalation can occur from fires of various sources such as residential, vehicle, and wildfires. Morbidity and mortality rates in fire victims with burns are increased in those with smoke inhalation injury. Victims of smoke inhalation injury can present with cough, difficulty breathing, low oxygen saturation, smoke debris and/or burns on the face. Smoke inhalation injury can affect the upper respiratory tract (above the larynx), usually due to heat exposure, or the lower respiratory tract (below the larynx), usually due to exposure to toxic fumes. Initial treatment includes taking the victim away from the fire and smoke, giving 100% oxygen at a high flow through a face mask (non-rebreather if available), and checking the victim for injuries to the body. Treatment for smoke inhalation injury is largely supportive, with varying degrees of consensus on benefits of specific treatments.

smoke, and, burns, of, victims, initial, systemic, heat, largely, high, those, exposure, as, of, fumes, vehicle, includes, or, inhalation, inhalation, of, due, can, the, this, from, tract, various, such, upper, injuries, larynx, from, treatment, victims, by, subtype, rates, non, treatments, treatment, larynx, inhalation, cause, saturation, after, present, varying, or, the, flow, smoke, available, through, in, low, the, 100, consensus, to, is, injury, usually, smoke, for, in, cough, tract, or, with, can, usually, at, for, difficulty, inhalation, breathing, and, well, mortality, produced, face, by, increased, breathing, possible, lower, inhalation, respiratory, and, specific, checking, respiratory, smoke, sources, the, the, morbidity, and, tract, above, through, to, toxic, victim, injury, of, if, is, toxicity, are, of, products, respiratory, inhalation, body, injury, can, substances, with, exposure, a, of, which, smoke, fire, in, caused, debris, smoke, as, the, the, burns, with, can, is, victim, smoke, wildfires, the, to, giving, injury, due, taking, smoke, and, smoke, injury, smoke, as, acute, the, on, mask, occur, oxygen, with, harmful, heat, fires, a, the, to, the, injury, chemical, inhalation, oxygen, rebreather, on, benefits, degrees, as, inhalation, supportive, away, fumes, and, of, to, fire, respiratory, tract, residential, the, below, damage, face, affect, combusting, inhalation, exposure

100, a, a, above, acute, affect, after, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, as, as, as, as, at, available, away, below, benefits, body, breathing, breathing, burns, burns, by, by, can, can, can, can, cause, caused, checking, chemical, combusting, consensus, cough, damage, debris, degrees, difficulty, due, due, exposure, exposure, exposure, face, face, fire, fire, fires, flow, for, for, from, from, fumes, fumes, giving, harmful, heat, heat, high, if, in, in, in, includes, increased, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, initial, injuries, injury, injury, injury, injury, injury, injury, is, is, is, largely, larynx, larynx, low, lower, mask, morbidity, mortality, non, occur, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, or, or, or, oxygen, oxygen, possible, present, produced, products, rates, rebreather, residential, respiratory, respiratory, respiratory, respiratory, saturation, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, sources, specific, substances, subtype, such, supportive, systemic, taking, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, those, through, through, to, to, to, to, to, toxic, toxicity, tract, tract, tract, tract, treatment, treatment, treatments, upper, usually, usually, various, varying, vehicle, victim, victim, victims, victims, well, which, wildfires, with, with, with, with

a, a, as, as, as, as, at, by, by, if, in, in, in, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, to, 100, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, can, can, can, can, due, due, for, for, low, non, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, away, body, face, face, fire, fire, flow, from, from, heat, heat, high, mask, such, this, well, with, with, with, with, above, acute, after, below, burns, burns, cause, cough, fires, fumes, fumes, lower, occur, rates, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, smoke, those, toxic, tract, tract, tract, tract, upper, which, affect, caused, damage, debris, giving, injury, injury, injury, injury, injury, injury, larynx, larynx, oxygen, oxygen, taking, victim, victim, degrees, harmful, initial, largely, present, sources, subtype, through, through, usually, usually, various, varying, vehicle, victims, victims, benefits, checking, chemical, exposure, exposure, exposure, includes, injuries, possible, produced, products, specific, systemic, toxicity, available, breathing, breathing, consensus, increased, morbidity, mortality, treatment, treatment, wildfires, combusting, difficulty, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, inhalation, rebreather, saturation, substances, supportive, treatments, residential, respiratory, respiratory, respiratory, respiratory


The Lamborghini Marco Polo, or Italdesign Marco Polo, was a styling exercise by Italdesign Giugiaro. Introduced in 1982 at the Bologna Motor Show, the Marco Polo was inspired by the Lancia Medusa concept car designed by Italdesign two years prior. The design was originally intended for an upcoming DeLorean DMC-24 sedan, but DMC ran out of money before the concept was finished. Italdesign then recycled the design into a concept for Lamborghini. The wheels on the Marco Polo are standard DeLorean alloys covered by hubcaps. The Marco Polo is not a running prototype, rather the design is only a painted plastic model for aerodynamic research. The Lamborghini badge on the nose of the car was not to imply any design program undertaken with the factory but was a compliment paid by Giugiaro to the famous manufacturer that became noteworthy for pushing the limits of automotive design. Although Lamborghini has a more exciting image to its products, Giugiaro decided to give this study a less aggressive line, preferring instead to focus on aerodynamic efficiency in order to provide a quieter passenger compartment and higher speed while maintaining fuel consumption. As such, the Marco Polo features a Cx of 0.24, compared to the Medusa's 0.26.

in, that, image, fuel, giugiaro, painted, 24, higher, of, famous, focus, aerodynamic, years, marco, a, out, italdesign, then, running, medusa, by, compared, to, polo, for, show, car, italdesign, into, styling, consumption, polo, by, automotive, dmc, for, research, the, by, the, design, as, while, give, to, are, lamborghini, recycled, quieter, delorean, by, exercise, only, the, the, compliment, a, factory, sedan, two, the, at, was, aggressive, or, not, bologna, noteworthy, before, lamborghini, its, design, on, aerodynamic, ran, for, speed, a, program, model, polo, but, inspired, a, was, giugiaro, motor, to, the, imply, compartment, the, undertaken, study, exciting, nose, with, cx, provide, to, marco, became, hubcaps, such, 26, 0, concept, medusa, marco, preferring, not, concept, dmc, and, the, of, a, a, 0, prior, wheels, passenger, lamborghini, polo, the, pushing, rather, italdesign, for, an, badge, efficiency, a, by, polo, on, the, the, marco, instead, less, design, plastic, standard, the, in, s, maintaining, design, polo, the, any, prototype, limits, has, order, alloys, to, is, manufacturer, concept, giugiaro, upcoming, although, car, line, was, decided, products, italdesign, was, on, the, designed, 1982, a, the, was, paid, design, lamborghini, money, delorean, of, introduced, to, more, originally, the, a, to, the, is, of, marco, was, finished, the, marco, intended, this, 24, lancia, features, covered, but, the

0, 0, 1982, 24, 24, 26, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, aerodynamic, aerodynamic, aggressive, alloys, although, an, and, any, are, as, at, automotive, badge, became, before, bologna, but, but, by, by, by, by, by, car, car, compared, compartment, compliment, concept, concept, concept, consumption, covered, cx, decided, delorean, delorean, design, design, design, design, design, designed, dmc, dmc, efficiency, exciting, exercise, factory, famous, features, finished, focus, for, for, for, for, fuel, giugiaro, giugiaro, giugiaro, give, has, higher, hubcaps, image, imply, in, in, inspired, instead, intended, into, introduced, is, is, italdesign, italdesign, italdesign, italdesign, its, lamborghini, lamborghini, lamborghini, lamborghini, lancia, less, limits, line, maintaining, manufacturer, marco, marco, marco, marco, marco, marco, medusa, medusa, model, money, more, motor, nose, not, not, noteworthy, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, only, or, order, originally, out, paid, painted, passenger, plastic, polo, polo, polo, polo, polo, polo, preferring, prior, products, program, prototype, provide, pushing, quieter, ran, rather, recycled, research, running, s, sedan, show, speed, standard, study, styling, such, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, this, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, two, undertaken, upcoming, was, was, was, was, was, was, wheels, while, with, years

0, 0, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, s, 24, 24, 26, an, as, at, by, by, by, by, by, cx, in, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, or, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, and, any, are, but, but, car, car, dmc, dmc, for, for, for, for, has, its, not, not, out, ran, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, was, was, was, was, was, 1982, fuel, give, into, less, line, more, nose, only, paid, polo, polo, polo, polo, polo, polo, show, such, that, then, this, with, badge, focus, image, imply, marco, marco, marco, marco, marco, marco, model, money, motor, order, prior, sedan, speed, study, while, years, alloys, became, before, design, design, design, design, design, famous, higher, lancia, limits, medusa, medusa, rather, wheels, bologna, concept, concept, concept, covered, decided, factory, hubcaps, instead, painted, plastic, program, provide, pushing, quieter, running, styling, although, compared, delorean, delorean, designed, exciting, exercise, features, finished, giugiaro, giugiaro, giugiaro, inspired, intended, products, recycled, research, standard, upcoming, passenger, prototype, aggressive, automotive, compliment, efficiency, introduced, italdesign, italdesign, italdesign, italdesign, noteworthy, originally, preferring, undertaken, aerodynamic, aerodynamic, compartment, consumption, lamborghini, lamborghini, lamborghini, lamborghini, maintaining, manufacturer


A head tie, also known as a headwrap, is a women's cloth head scarf that is commonly worn in many parts of West Africa and Southern Africa. The head tie is used as an ornamental head covering or fashion accessory, or for functionality in different settings. Its use or meaning can vary depending on the country and/or religion of those who wear it. Among Jewish women, the Biblical source for covering hair comes from the Torah in the book of Bamidbar Parshas Nasso which contains the source for the obligation of a married woman to cover her hair. An eesha sotah is a woman whose husband suspects her of having acted immorally. The Torah commands the Kohein to take various steps to demonstrate that the sotah has deviated from the modest and loyal path of most married Jewish women (Rashi 5:15-27). Among the procedures, the pasuk clearly states: "ufora es rosh haisha..." and he shall uncover the hair of the head of the woman (5:18). One can only uncover something that has previously been covered; in this case the Torah is referring to the married woman's hair. Among Christian women in certain parts of the world, such as Africa and the Caribbean, the head tie is worn as a headcovering in obedience to .

is, this, procedures, book, source, as, or, africa, to, 5, cover, an, deviated, parts, wear, the, christian, the, for, woman, the, that, for, different, the, obligation, in, tie, ornamental, women, women, and, use, or, demonstrate, women, rashi, eesha, ufora, uncover, bamidbar, from, a, sotah, woman, many, contains, has, hair, hair, modest, suspects, to, the, s, or, 5, depending, cloth, the, states, having, previously, the, torah, settings, he, certain, the, head, been, and, the, to, the, used, country, those, it, caribbean, parshas, commonly, africa, southern, a, path, worn, case, vary, comes, from, of, in, tie, woman, the, is, loyal, jewish, commands, for, a, known, kohein, head, rosh, can, that, obedience, jewish, parts, nasso, or, scarf, of, married, uncover, acted, among, referring, 18, the, who, worn, tie, in, head, woman, biblical, among, 27, head, one, immorally, and, of, her, of, africa, also, and, is, steps, shall, head, such, covering, husband, torah, hair, can, fashion, headwrap, has, the, that, a, accessory, the, as, s, married, of, of, an, of, something, religion, source, to, various, take, the, torah, west, women, as, the, in, meaning, in, most, functionality, only, is, which, 15, headcovering, is, married, world, sotah, of, the, her, on, the, the, the, to, covered, a, of, clearly, pasuk, among, its, in, whose, and, a, head, haisha, es, as, covering, the, is, hair

15, 18, 27, 5, 5, a, a, a, a, a, a, accessory, acted, africa, africa, africa, also, among, among, among, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, as, as, as, as, bamidbar, been, biblical, book, can, can, caribbean, case, certain, christian, clearly, cloth, comes, commands, commonly, contains, country, cover, covered, covering, covering, demonstrate, depending, deviated, different, eesha, es, fashion, for, for, for, from, from, functionality, hair, hair, hair, hair, haisha, has, has, having, he, head, head, head, head, head, head, headcovering, headwrap, her, her, husband, immorally, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, its, jewish, jewish, known, kohein, loyal, many, married, married, married, meaning, modest, most, nasso, obedience, obligation, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, one, only, or, or, or, or, ornamental, parshas, parts, parts, pasuk, path, previously, procedures, rashi, referring, religion, rosh, s, s, scarf, settings, shall, something, sotah, sotah, source, source, southern, states, steps, such, suspects, take, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, those, tie, tie, tie, to, to, to, to, to, torah, torah, torah, ufora, uncover, uncover, use, used, various, vary, wear, west, which, who, whose, woman, woman, woman, woman, women, women, women, women, world, worn, worn

5, 5, a, a, a, a, a, a, s, s, 15, 18, 27, an, an, as, as, as, as, es, he, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, can, can, for, for, for, has, has, her, her, its, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, tie, tie, tie, use, who, also, been, book, case, from, from, hair, hair, hair, hair, head, head, head, head, head, head, many, most, only, path, rosh, such, take, that, that, that, this, used, vary, wear, west, worn, worn, acted, among, among, among, cloth, comes, cover, eesha, known, loyal, nasso, parts, parts, pasuk, rashi, scarf, shall, sotah, sotah, steps, those, torah, torah, torah, ufora, which, whose, woman, woman, woman, woman, women, women, women, women, world, africa, africa, africa, haisha, having, jewish, jewish, kohein, modest, source, source, states, certain, clearly, country, covered, fashion, husband, married, married, married, meaning, parshas, uncover, uncover, various, bamidbar, biblical, commands, commonly, contains, covering, covering, deviated, headwrap, religion, settings, southern, suspects, accessory, caribbean, christian, depending, different, immorally, obedience, referring, something, obligation, ornamental, previously, procedures, demonstrate, headcovering, functionality


An operating agreement is a key document used by limited liability companies (LLCs) to outline the business' financial and functional decisions including rules, regulations and provisions. The purpose of the document is to govern the internal operations of the business in a way that suits the specific needs of the business owners, called "members". Once the document is signed by the members of the limited liability company, it acts as an official contract binding them to its terms. An operating agreement is mandatory as per laws in only 3 states: California, Missouri, and New York. LLCs operating without an operating agreement are governed by the state's default rules contained in the relevant statute and developed through state court decisions. An operating agreement is similar in function to corporate by-laws, or analogous to a partnership agreement in multi-member LLCs. In single-member LLC, an operating agreement is a declaration of the structure that the member has chosen for the company and sometimes used to prove in court that the LLC structure is separate from that of the individual owner and thus necessary so that the owner has documentation to prove that he or she is indeed separate from the entity itself.

that, an, 3, decisions, operating, member, states, owner, from, member, per, needs, itself, purpose, necessary, corporate, called, outline, partnership, is, document, is, company, and, agreement, functional, contained, through, laws, in, financial, them, the, is, of, court, structure, separate, business, to, documentation, the, operating, the, by, analogous, structure, is, of, signed, operating, s, of, companies, and, prove, is, llcs, it, that, that, the, in, used, laws, is, rules, in, llcs, an, limited, of, a, operating, function, of, members, state, a, statute, key, for, mandatory, to, agreement, developed, or, specific, in, terms, llc, owner, prove, member, official, and, including, by, governed, to, as, liability, decisions, sometimes, the, the, a, he, rules, once, and, agreement, the, to, multi, has, she, by, regulations, the, the, declaration, separate, the, new, entity, an, an, that, an, owners, the, an, its, relevant, is, as, or, document, internal, of, and, california, contract, by, the, suits, individual, the, binding, agreement, in, the, the, the, only, single, llcs, that, state, a, that, default, business, agreement, to, document, is, the, used, provisions, york, indeed, court, limited, chosen, similar, and, acts, to, to, in, business, govern, in, the, llc, operations, has, missouri, so, without, thus, are, from, company, operating, agreement, liability, the, operating, way, members

3, a, a, a, a, acts, agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement, an, an, an, an, an, an, analogous, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, as, as, binding, business, business, business, by, by, by, by, california, called, chosen, companies, company, company, contained, contract, corporate, court, court, decisions, decisions, declaration, default, developed, document, document, document, documentation, entity, financial, for, from, from, function, functional, govern, governed, has, has, he, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, including, indeed, individual, internal, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, its, itself, key, laws, laws, liability, liability, limited, limited, llc, llc, llcs, llcs, llcs, mandatory, member, member, member, members, members, missouri, multi, necessary, needs, new, of, of, of, of, of, of, official, once, only, operating, operating, operating, operating, operating, operating, operations, or, or, outline, owner, owner, owners, partnership, per, prove, prove, provisions, purpose, regulations, relevant, rules, rules, s, separate, separate, she, signed, similar, single, so, sometimes, specific, state, state, states, statute, structure, structure, suits, terms, that, that, that, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, them, through, thus, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, used, used, way, without, york

3, a, a, a, a, s, an, an, an, an, an, an, as, as, by, by, by, by, he, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, so, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, for, has, has, its, key, llc, llc, new, per, she, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, way, acts, from, from, laws, laws, llcs, llcs, llcs, once, only, that, that, that, that, that, that, them, thus, used, used, york, court, court, multi, needs, owner, owner, prove, prove, rules, rules, state, state, suits, terms, called, chosen, entity, govern, indeed, itself, member, member, member, owners, signed, single, states, binding, company, company, default, limited, limited, members, members, outline, purpose, similar, statute, through, without, business, business, business, contract, document, document, document, function, governed, internal, missouri, official, relevant, separate, separate, specific, agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement, agreement, analogous, companies, contained, corporate, decisions, decisions, developed, financial, including, liability, liability, mandatory, necessary, operating, operating, operating, operating, operating, operating, sometimes, structure, structure, california, functional, individual, operations, provisions, declaration, partnership, regulations, documentation


Ethnogeology is the study of how geological features are understood by indigenous communities around the globe from a "place-based" perspective, in specific reference to traditional knowledge and to the stories and ideas about the Earth that were passed down through traditions and the wisdom of elders.  The focus in past research tended to be on the unique ideas and knowledge of minorities and distinct cultural groups, and how this relates to universal and cross cultural knowledge discovered by humanity as a whole.  Knowledge claims that are based more on universal discoveries and natural science can be found in the subjects of philosophy, chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, and geology. The term "ethnogeology" first enters the geological literature through the work of John Murray of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada in the mid-1990s by virtue of his studies of the Northern Cree First Nation geological worldviews in the Province of Manitoba in Canada. At that time, a cadre of geologists and geoscience educators - particularly Dr. Steven Semken of Navajo Community College in Shiprock, New Mexico and colleagues - were examining the interesting connections among Native American traditional knowledge, geoscience concepts, and the unique vision of planet Earth's history as articulated by indigenous ethnogeological wisdom (see references below).

be, the, that, to, that, based, the, the, the, particularly, a, of, how, cross, in, universal, biology, literature, and, in, research, studies, mexico, geoscience, place, claims, of, of, the, around, of, understood, educators, vision, past, ideas, and, geology, and, traditions, more, work, geoscience, mid, and, cultural, are, were, stories, and, articulated, reference, a, by, winnipeg, and, the, study, of, based, the, below, community, about, planet, s, natural, in, science, university, to, of, american, on, cree, colleagues, of, from, globe, connections, virtue, john, features, and, see, his, this, on, how, enters, shiprock, and, and, in, were, relates, to, earth, by, mathematics, can, knowledge, unique, the, indigenous, of, a, is, and, northern, traditional, the, distinct, the, found, navajo, earth, dr, cultural, by, in, the, perspective, knowledge, geological, of, worldviews, steven, unique, nation, groups, traditional, the, and, universal, of, as, indigenous, manitoba, to, examining, the, first, are, province, geological, chemistry, references, wisdom, as, by, of, passed, the, concepts, ethnogeological, communities, in, tended, elders, college, time, whole, ethnogeology, of, new, geologists, canada, discoveries, history, minorities, of, interesting, through, in, humanity, canada, be, at, knowledge, and, in, through, first, down, knowledge, the, specific, ethnogeology, 1990s, term, native, manitoba, knowledge, among, physics, focus, discovered, geological, wisdom, the, ideas, semken, the, cadre, subjects, murray, that, philosophy

1990s, a, a, a, about, american, among, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, around, articulated, as, as, at, based, based, be, be, below, biology, by, by, by, by, cadre, can, canada, canada, chemistry, claims, colleagues, college, communities, community, concepts, connections, cree, cross, cultural, cultural, discovered, discoveries, distinct, down, dr, earth, earth, educators, elders, enters, ethnogeological, ethnogeology, ethnogeology, examining, features, first, first, focus, found, from, geological, geological, geological, geologists, geology, geoscience, geoscience, globe, groups, his, history, how, how, humanity, ideas, ideas, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, indigenous, indigenous, interesting, is, john, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, literature, manitoba, manitoba, mathematics, mexico, mid, minorities, more, murray, nation, native, natural, navajo, new, northern, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, particularly, passed, past, perspective, philosophy, physics, place, planet, province, reference, references, relates, research, s, science, see, semken, shiprock, specific, steven, stories, studies, study, subjects, tended, term, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, through, through, time, to, to, to, to, traditional, traditional, traditions, understood, unique, unique, universal, universal, university, virtue, vision, were, were, whole, winnipeg, wisdom, wisdom, work, worldviews

a, a, a, s, as, as, at, be, be, by, by, by, by, dr, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, can, his, how, how, mid, new, see, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, cree, down, from, john, more, past, term, that, that, that, this, time, were, were, work, 1990s, about, among, based, based, below, cadre, cross, earth, earth, first, first, focus, found, globe, ideas, ideas, place, study, whole, around, canada, canada, claims, elders, enters, groups, mexico, murray, nation, native, navajo, passed, planet, semken, steven, tended, unique, unique, virtue, vision, wisdom, wisdom, biology, college, geology, history, natural, physics, relates, science, stories, studies, through, through, american, concepts, cultural, cultural, distinct, features, humanity, manitoba, manitoba, northern, province, research, shiprock, specific, subjects, winnipeg, chemistry, community, educators, examining, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, knowledge, reference, universal, universal, colleagues, discovered, geological, geological, geological, geologists, geoscience, geoscience, indigenous, indigenous, literature, minorities, philosophy, references, traditions, understood, university, worldviews, articulated, communities, connections, discoveries, interesting, mathematics, perspective, traditional, traditional, ethnogeology, ethnogeology, particularly, ethnogeological


Positive Christianity () was a religious movement within Nazi Germany which promoted the belief that the racial purity of the German people should be maintained by mixing racialistic Nazi ideology with either fundamental or significant elements of Nicene Christianity. Adolf Hitler used the term in point 24 of the 1920 Nazi Party Platform, stating: "the Party as such represents the viewpoint of Positive Christianity without binding itself to any particular denomination". The Nazi movement had been hostile to Germany's established churches. The new Nazi idea of Positive Christianity allayed the fears of Germany's Christian majority by implying that the Nazi movement was not anti-Christian. That said, in 1937, Hans Kerrl, the Reich Minister for Church Affairs, explained that "Positive Christianity" was not "dependent upon the Apostle's Creed", nor was it dependent on "faith in Christ as the son of God", upon which Christianity relied, rather, it was represented by the Nazi Party: "The Führer is the herald of a new revelation", he said. Hitler's public presentation of Positive Christianity as a traditional Christian faith differed. Despite Hitler's insistence on a unified peace with the Christian churches, to accord with Nazi antisemitism, Positive Christianity advocates also sought to distance themselves from the Jewish origins of Christ and the Christian Bible. Based on such elements, most of Positive Christianity separated itself from traditional Nicene Christianity and as a result, it is in general considered apostate by all mainstream Trinitarian Christian churches, regardless of whether they are Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or Protestant.

apostate, nazi, denomination, differed, with, dependent, positive, all, significant, it, of, viewpoint, hitler, should, churches, he, such, nazi, ideology, on, binding, positive, party, as, purity, the, movement, a, peace, positive, antisemitism, nor, christ, that, movement, elements, affairs, nazi, party, which, allayed, of, whether, religious, herald, said, s, in, a, positive, s, the, represented, majority, by, represents, it, dependent, without, for, of, the, unified, public, by, of, trinitarian, particular, to, the, traditional, elements, in, nazi, führer, point, the, on, of, been, within, implying, not, itself, of, the, 1937, presentation, to, positive, to, s, considered, result, kerrl, and, christianity, that, on, the, the, a, church, general, despite, christ, creed, jewish, fears, used, of, christian, hostile, hans, that, themselves, such, in, the, the, most, established, and, upon, had, upon, the, the, sought, rather, racialistic, mixing, of, adolf, protestant, fundamental, any, with, the, was, term, nicene, of, christianity, s, advocates, christianity, belief, relied, germany, the, from, s, the, germany, stating, churches, as, not, christian, minister, as, insistence, the, is, explained, nazi, of, german, new, from, revelation, also, by, as, christianity, god, bible, anti, 1920, reich, the, was, maintained, mainstream, they, orthodox, christianity, christianity, the, 24, christian, churches, said, positive, platform, christian, nazi, by, positive, nazi, movement, germany, accord, based, either, the, idea, which, with, or, nicene, it, in, christianity, of, of, eastern, was, christian, a, regardless, christianity, apostle, is, origins, itself, a, party, christianity, christianity, promoted, people, faith, hitler, nazi, are, or, faith, hitler, traditional, separated, to, that, christian, new, was, distance, son, was, the, racial, catholic, be

1920, 1937, 24, a, a, a, a, a, accord, adolf, advocates, affairs, all, allayed, also, and, and, anti, antisemitism, any, apostate, apostle, are, as, as, as, as, based, be, been, belief, bible, binding, by, by, by, by, catholic, christ, christ, christian, christian, christian, christian, christian, christian, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, church, churches, churches, churches, considered, creed, denomination, dependent, dependent, despite, differed, distance, eastern, either, elements, elements, established, explained, faith, faith, fears, for, from, from, fundamental, führer, general, german, germany, germany, germany, god, had, hans, he, herald, hitler, hitler, hitler, hostile, idea, ideology, implying, in, in, in, in, insistence, is, is, it, it, it, itself, itself, jewish, kerrl, mainstream, maintained, majority, minister, mixing, most, movement, movement, movement, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, new, new, nicene, nicene, nor, not, not, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, or, or, origins, orthodox, particular, party, party, party, peace, people, platform, point, positive, positive, positive, positive, positive, positive, positive, presentation, promoted, protestant, public, purity, racial, racialistic, rather, regardless, reich, relied, religious, represented, represents, result, revelation, s, s, s, s, s, said, said, separated, should, significant, son, sought, stating, such, such, term, that, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, themselves, they, to, to, to, to, traditional, traditional, trinitarian, unified, upon, upon, used, viewpoint, was, was, was, was, was, whether, which, which, with, with, with, within, without

a, a, a, a, a, s, s, s, s, s, 24, as, as, as, as, be, by, by, by, by, he, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, or, or, to, to, to, to, all, and, and, any, are, for, god, had, new, new, nor, not, not, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, was, was, 1920, 1937, also, anti, been, from, from, hans, idea, most, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, nazi, said, said, such, such, term, that, that, that, that, they, upon, upon, used, with, with, with, adolf, based, bible, creed, faith, faith, fears, kerrl, party, party, party, peace, point, reich, which, which, accord, belief, christ, christ, church, either, führer, german, herald, hitler, hitler, hitler, itself, itself, jewish, mixing, nicene, nicene, people, public, purity, racial, rather, relied, result, should, sought, within, affairs, allayed, apostle, binding, despite, eastern, general, germany, germany, germany, hostile, origins, stating, unified, whether, without, apostate, catholic, churches, churches, churches, differed, distance, elements, elements, ideology, implying, majority, minister, movement, movement, movement, orthodox, platform, positive, positive, positive, positive, positive, positive, positive, promoted, advocates, christian, christian, christian, christian, christian, christian, dependent, dependent, explained, religious, separated, viewpoint, considered, insistence, mainstream, maintained, particular, protestant, regardless, represents, revelation, themselves, established, fundamental, racialistic, represented, significant, traditional, traditional, trinitarian, antisemitism, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, christianity, denomination, presentation


Idrimi (meaning "It is my help") was the king of Alalakh c. 1490–1465 BC, or around 1450 BC. He is known, mainly, from an inscription on his statue found at Alalakh by Leonard Woolley in 1939. According to that inscription, he was a son of Ilim-Ilimma I the king of Halab, now Aleppo, who would have been deposed by the new regional master, Barattarna, king of Mitanni. Idrimi would have succeeded in gaining the throne of Alalakh with the assistance of a group known as the Habiru, founding the kingdom of Mukish as a vassal to the Mitanni state. He also invaded the Hittite territories to the north, resulting in a treaty with the country Kizzuwatna.

Jacob Lauinger considers Idrimi as a historical character, king of Alalakh around 1450 BC, in Late Bronze Age, but suggests his statue and inscriptions can be dated from c. 1400 to 1350 BC, and be related to a Mesopotamian pseudo-autobiography (called narû-literature), in which kings apparently leave records of their misadventures as a lesson for future generations. Lauinger also comments that the inscriptions try to legitimate the rule of Alalakh only by acknowledging the supremacy of Mitanni, and the text(s) may have had an audience coeval to politics of that time.

the, autobiography, the, c, throne, 1450, territories, and, his, would, i, c, it, his, the, bronze, of, halab, the, to, ilimma, succeeded, bc, the, he, 1400, the, king, records, legitimate, only, the, inscriptions, which, by, to, help, bc, pseudo, now, habiru, the, from, king, my, alalakh, an, lauinger, time, also, son, a, bc, may, text, group, coeval, north, king, 1939, according, generations, ilim, deposed, considers, assistance, related, gaining, of, that, is, literature, of, found, around, around, future, as, 1465, late, have, of, a, the, been, mitanni, in, kizzuwatna, to, barattarna, that, bc, can, idrimi, apparently, of, of, for, historical, kingdom, invaded, in, resulting, founding, an, known, but, mitanni, and, alalakh, kings, with, of, meaning, mainly, lesson, in, leave, jacob, as, 1490, supremacy, acknowledging, s, king, 1450, hittite, age, of, he, leonard, a, idrimi, mukish, the, misadventures, alalakh, to, their, lauinger, narû, of, alalakh, the, alalakh, the, master, by, dated, rule, of, new, have, from, aleppo, by, mitanni, or, country, and, known, a, of, would, at, is, of, who, 1350, vassal, idrimi, audience, as, state, on, called, politics, with, woolley, statue, the, in, inscription, a, be, had, a, be, have, the, try, character, mesopotamian, comments, to, treaty, statue, also, to, was, to, a, as, was, inscription, in, that, suggests, he, the, inscriptions, regional

1350, 1400, 1450, 1450, 1465, 1490, 1939, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, according, acknowledging, age, alalakh, alalakh, alalakh, alalakh, alalakh, aleppo, also, also, an, an, and, and, and, apparently, around, around, as, as, as, as, assistance, at, audience, autobiography, barattarna, bc, bc, bc, bc, be, be, been, bronze, but, by, by, by, c, c, called, can, character, coeval, comments, considers, country, dated, deposed, for, found, founding, from, from, future, gaining, generations, group, habiru, had, halab, have, have, have, he, he, he, help, his, his, historical, hittite, i, idrimi, idrimi, idrimi, ilim, ilimma, in, in, in, in, in, inscription, inscription, inscriptions, inscriptions, invaded, is, is, it, jacob, king, king, king, king, kingdom, kings, kizzuwatna, known, known, late, lauinger, lauinger, leave, legitimate, leonard, lesson, literature, mainly, master, may, meaning, mesopotamian, misadventures, mitanni, mitanni, mitanni, mukish, my, narû, new, north, now, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, only, or, politics, pseudo, records, regional, related, resulting, rule, s, son, state, statue, statue, succeeded, suggests, supremacy, territories, text, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, throne, time, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, treaty, try, vassal, was, was, which, who, with, with, woolley, would, would

a, a, a, a, a, a, a, c, c, i, s, an, an, as, as, as, as, at, bc, bc, bc, bc, be, be, by, by, by, he, he, he, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, it, my, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, age, and, and, and, but, can, for, had, his, his, may, new, now, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, try, was, was, who, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1450, 1465, 1490, 1939, also, also, been, from, from, have, have, have, help, ilim, king, king, king, king, late, narû, only, rule, text, that, that, that, time, with, with, dated, found, group, halab, jacob, kings, known, known, leave, north, state, their, which, would, would, aleppo, around, around, bronze, called, coeval, future, habiru, idrimi, idrimi, idrimi, ilimma, lesson, mainly, master, mukish, pseudo, statue, statue, throne, treaty, vassal, alalakh, alalakh, alalakh, alalakh, alalakh, country, deposed, gaining, hittite, invaded, kingdom, leonard, meaning, mitanni, mitanni, mitanni, records, related, woolley, audience, comments, founding, lauinger, lauinger, politics, regional, suggests, according, character, considers, resulting, succeeded, supremacy, apparently, assistance, barattarna, historical, kizzuwatna, legitimate, literature, generations, inscription, inscription, territories, inscriptions, inscriptions, mesopotamian, acknowledging, autobiography, misadventures


The Korean terms hyeong, pumsae, poomsae and teul (meaning "form" or "pattern") are all used to refer to martial arts forms that are typically used in Korean martial arts such as Taekwondo and Tang Soo Do.
 Hyeong is often romanized as hyung. This term is used primarily in earlier styles of taekwondo, often referred to as traditional taekwondo.
 Pumsae is often romanized as poomsae or poomse. This term is used primarily in Kukkiwon/WTF-style taekwondo.
 Teul is often romanized as tul. This term is used primarily in ITF-style taekwondo.
A hyeong is a systematic, prearranged sequence of martial techniques that is performed either with or without the use of a weapon. In traditional dojangs (training halls), hyeong are used primarily as a form of interval training that is useful in developing mushin, proper kinetics and mental and physical fortitude.  Hyeong may resemble combat, but are artistically non-combative and woven together so as to be an effective conditioning tool. One's aptitude for a particular hyeong may be evaluated in competition. In such competitions, hyeong are evaluated by a panel of judges who base the score on many factors including energy, precision, speed, and control. In western competitions, there are two general classes of hyeong: creative and standard. Creative hyeong are created by the performer and are generally more acrobatic in nature and do not necessarily reflect the kinetic principles intrinsic in any martial system.

a, this, term, are, sequence, developing, a, woven, hyeong, one, kukkiwon, style, to, classes, and, the, hyeong, with, and, as, hyeong, creative, taekwondo, combative, in, used, interval, arts, systematic, two, conditioning, s, are, useful, not, martial, poomsae, the, score, aptitude, performer, is, romanized, term, primarily, as, physical, in, as, taekwondo, as, of, used, may, poomsae, martial, itf, creative, martial, resemble, in, are, as, this, base, or, traditional, mushin, as, or, tool, and, particular, taekwondo, dojangs, is, teul, including, nature, standard, effective, is, prearranged, any, non, are, is, necessarily, western, used, may, competitions, precision, romanized, use, korean, tul, often, in, wtf, form, reflect, be, used, of, general, soo, hyeong, in, system, to, without, terms, an, form, created, often, by, a, principles, primarily, either, for, the, combat, do, that, the, or, halls, factors, teul, control, and, taekwondo, in, of, mental, typically, hyeong, but, hyeong, refer, a, techniques, speed, training, of, that, often, hyung, weapon, tang, korean, used, intrinsic, a, in, hyeong, in, is, and, hyeong, romanized, a, by, are, evaluated, primarily, and, in, styles, all, of, and, evaluated, panel, and, referred, judges, to, traditional, is, are, more, there, meaning, pumsae, style, training, such, of, do, in, term, pumsae, proper, on, competition, be, used, hyeong, as, poomse, kinetic, artistically, martial, is, is, together, who, so, to, energy, often, in, many, pattern, performed, fortitude, taekwondo, kinetics, are, the, are, this, arts, competitions, generally, acrobatic, primarily, such, earlier, forms, is, and, that

a, a, a, a, a, a, acrobatic, all, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, any, aptitude, are, are, are, are, are, are, are, are, artistically, arts, arts, as, as, as, as, as, as, as, base, be, be, but, by, by, classes, combat, combative, competition, competitions, competitions, conditioning, control, created, creative, creative, developing, do, do, dojangs, earlier, effective, either, energy, evaluated, evaluated, factors, for, form, form, forms, fortitude, general, generally, halls, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyung, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, including, interval, intrinsic, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, itf, judges, kinetic, kinetics, korean, korean, kukkiwon, many, martial, martial, martial, martial, may, may, meaning, mental, more, mushin, nature, necessarily, non, not, of, of, of, of, of, of, often, often, often, often, on, one, or, or, or, panel, particular, pattern, performed, performer, physical, poomsae, poomsae, poomse, prearranged, precision, primarily, primarily, primarily, primarily, principles, proper, pumsae, pumsae, refer, referred, reflect, resemble, romanized, romanized, romanized, s, score, sequence, so, soo, speed, standard, style, style, styles, such, such, system, systematic, taekwondo, taekwondo, taekwondo, taekwondo, taekwondo, tang, techniques, term, term, term, terms, teul, teul, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, there, this, this, this, to, to, to, to, together, tool, traditional, traditional, training, training, tul, two, typically, use, used, used, used, used, used, used, useful, weapon, western, who, with, without, woven, wtf

a, a, a, a, a, a, s, an, as, as, as, as, as, as, as, be, be, by, by, do, do, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, so, to, to, to, to, all, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, any, are, are, are, are, are, are, are, are, but, for, itf, may, may, non, not, one, soo, the, the, the, the, the, tul, two, use, who, wtf, arts, arts, base, form, form, many, more, such, such, tang, term, term, term, teul, teul, that, that, that, this, this, this, tool, used, used, used, used, used, used, with, forms, halls, hyung, often, often, often, often, panel, refer, score, speed, style, style, terms, there, woven, combat, either, energy, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, hyeong, judges, korean, korean, mental, mushin, nature, poomse, proper, pumsae, pumsae, styles, system, useful, weapon, classes, control, created, dojangs, earlier, factors, general, kinetic, martial, martial, martial, martial, meaning, pattern, poomsae, poomsae, reflect, western, without, aptitude, creative, creative, interval, kinetics, kukkiwon, physical, referred, resemble, sequence, standard, together, training, training, acrobatic, combative, effective, evaluated, evaluated, fortitude, generally, including, intrinsic, performed, performer, precision, primarily, primarily, primarily, primarily, romanized, romanized, romanized, taekwondo, taekwondo, taekwondo, taekwondo, taekwondo, typically, developing, particular, principles, systematic, techniques, competition, necessarily, prearranged, traditional, traditional, artistically, competitions, competitions, conditioning