from __future__ import annotations

"""DINOv2 pretrained backbone with attention map extraction for TRAM.

Wraps facebook's DINOv2 ViT-S/14 (or ViT-B/14) and monkey-patches
the attention modules to capture per-layer attention weights needed by
TRAM token selection.

Returns the same 3-tuple interface as the custom ViT::

    (patch_tokens, cls_token, attn_maps)

The monkey-patch replaces MemEffAttention/Attention forwards with standard
scaled-dot-product attention that stores the attention weight matrices.
This disables xformers memory-efficient attention but is necessary because
TRAM requires explicit (B, H, N, N) attention maps from every layer.
"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn


class DINOv2Backbone(nn.Module):
    """Pretrained DINOv2 ViT backbone with attention map extraction.

    Parameters
    ----------
    model_name : str
        DINOv2 hub model name (e.g. ``"dinov2_vits14"``).
    image_size : int
        Input resolution (square).
    """

    KNOWN_MODELS = {
        "dinov2_vits14", "dinov2_vitb14", "dinov2_vitl14",
        "dinov2_vits14_reg", "dinov2_vitb14_reg", "dinov2_vitl14_reg",
    }

    def __init__(
        self,
        model_name: str = "dinov2_vits14",
        image_size: int = 224,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        self.backbone = torch.hub.load(
            "facebookresearch/dinov2",
            model_name,
            pretrained=True,
        )
        self.embed_dim: int = self.backbone.embed_dim
        self._model_name = model_name

        # ---- Grayscale -> RGB adapter (learned, init to equal mix) ----
        self.gray_adapter = nn.Conv2d(1, 3, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
        nn.init.constant_(self.gray_adapter.weight, 1.0 / 3.0)

        # ---- Grid geometry ----
        ps = self.backbone.patch_embed.patch_size
        ps = ps[0] if isinstance(ps, (tuple, list)) else ps
        self.patch_size: int = ps
        self.grid_size: tuple[int, int] = (image_size // ps, image_size // ps)

        # Number of prefix tokens (CLS + optional registers) for TRAM
        self.num_prefix_tokens: int = 1 + getattr(
            self.backbone, "num_register_tokens", 0
        )

        # ---- Attention map capture ----
        self._attn_maps: list[torch.Tensor] = []
        self._patch_attention_modules()

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    def _patch_attention_modules(self):
        """Replace each block's attention forward to capture weights.

        DINOv2 uses ``MemEffAttention`` which delegates to xformers and
        does NOT produce explicit attention matrices.  We replace each
        attention module's ``forward`` with a standard implementation
        that computes and stores the (B, H, N, N) attention weights so
        TRAM can compute per-layer centrality.
        """
        for block in self.backbone.blocks:
            attn_module = block.attn
            # Grab layer references before closure
            qkv_layer = attn_module.qkv
            proj_layer = attn_module.proj
            # DINOv2 may store attn_drop as float or nn.Dropout
            raw_ad = attn_module.attn_drop
            attn_drop_fn = raw_ad if callable(raw_ad) else nn.Dropout(float(raw_ad))
            proj_drop_fn = getattr(attn_module, "proj_drop", nn.Identity())
            if not callable(proj_drop_fn):
                proj_drop_fn = nn.Dropout(float(proj_drop_fn))
            num_heads = attn_module.num_heads
            head_dim = self.embed_dim // num_heads
            scale = head_dim ** -0.5
            store = self._attn_maps

            def _make_fwd(_qkv, _proj, _a_drop, _p_drop, _H, _s, _store):
                def fwd(x):
                    B, N, C = x.shape
                    out = _qkv(x).reshape(B, N, 3, _H, C // _H).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
                    q, k, v = out.unbind(0)
                    w = (q * _s) @ k.transpose(-2, -1)
                    w = w.softmax(dim=-1)
                    _store.append(w.detach())
                    x = (_a_drop(w) @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
                    x = _p_drop(_proj(x))
                    return x
                return fwd

            attn_module.forward = _make_fwd(
                qkv_layer, proj_layer, attn_drop_fn, proj_drop_fn,
                num_heads, scale, store,
            )

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    def forward(
        self, images: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, list[torch.Tensor]]:
        """
        Args:
            images: ``(B, C, H, W)`` grayscale (1-ch) or RGB (3-ch).

        Returns:
            patch_tokens: ``(B, P, D)`` patch features.
            cls_token:    ``(B, D)`` CLS token.
            attn_maps:    list of L tensors ``(B, H, N, N)`` per-layer
                          attention weights (N = P + num_prefix_tokens).
        """
        # Grayscale -> RGB
        if images.shape[1] == 1:
            images = self.gray_adapter(images)

        self._attn_maps.clear()

        # Run through DINOv2 manually to collect attention maps
        x = self.backbone.prepare_tokens_with_masks(images)
        for block in self.backbone.blocks:
            x = block(x)
        x = self.backbone.norm(x)

        # Split CLS / registers / patches
        cls_token = x[:, 0]                                # (B, D)
        nr = self.num_prefix_tokens - 1                    # register count
        patch_tokens = x[:, 1 + nr:]                       # (B, P, D)

        attn_maps = list(self._attn_maps)
        self._attn_maps.clear()

        return patch_tokens, cls_token, attn_maps

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    def freeze(self):
        """Freeze backbone parameters (gray_adapter stays trainable)."""
        for p in self.backbone.parameters():
            p.requires_grad = False

    def unfreeze(self):
        """Unfreeze backbone parameters."""
        for p in self.backbone.parameters():
            p.requires_grad = True