Update README.md

README.md

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 pretty_name: DORI
 ---
 
-# Dataset Card for Dataset Name
-
-<!-- Provide a quick summary of the dataset. -->
-
-This dataset card aims to be a base template for new datasets. It has been generated using [this raw template](https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface_hub/blob/main/src/huggingface_hub/templates/datasetcard_template.md?plain=1).
+# Dataset Card for DORI
 
 ## Dataset Details
 
 ### Dataset Description
 
-<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this dataset is. -->
+DORI (Discriminative Orientation Reasoning Intelligence) is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate object orientation understanding in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The benchmark isolates and evaluates orientation perception as a primary capability, offering a systematic assessment framework that spans four essential dimensions of orientation comprehension: frontal alignment, rotational transformations, relative directional relationships, and canonical orientation understanding.
 
+DORI contains 33,656 carefully constructed multiple-choice questions based on 13,652 images spanning both natural (37%) and simulated (63%) environments. The benchmark covers 67 object categories (31 household and 36 outdoor item categories) across 11 diverse computer vision datasets.
 
+What makes DORI unique is its systematic approach to isolating orientation perception from confounding factors like object recognition difficulty, scene clutter, linguistic ambiguity, and contextual distractions. For each orientation dimension, DORI provides both coarse-grained questions (basic categorical judgments) and fine-grained questions (precise angular measurements).
 
-- **Curated by:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
-- **License:** [More Information Needed]
+- **Curated by:** Anonymous Authors (NeurIPS 2025 submission)
+- **Language(s) (NLP):** English
+- **License:** Not specified in the current documentation
 
-### Dataset Sources [optional]
+### Dataset Sources
 
-<!-- Provide the basic links for the dataset. -->
+- **Repository:** https://huggingface.co/datasets/appledora/DORI-Benchmark
+- **Paper:** "Right Side Up? Disentangling Orientation Understanding in MLLMs with Fine-grained Multi-axis Perception Tasks" (NeurIPS 2025 submission)
 
-- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
-- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
+The dataset incorporates images from multiple existing datasets including:
+- KITTI
+- Cityscapes
+- COCO
+- JTA
+- 3D-FUTURE
+- Objectron
+- ShapeNet
+- OmniObject3D
+- NOCS REAL
+- Get3D
+- COCO Space SEA
 
 ## Uses
 
-<!-- Address questions around how the dataset is intended to be used. -->
-
 ### Direct Use
 
-<!-- This section describes suitable use cases for the dataset. -->
+DORI is designed for evaluating and benchmarking orientation reasoning capabilities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Its primary uses include:
 
-[More Information Needed]
+1. Evaluating MLLMs' understanding of object orientation across four core dimensions
+2. Comparing model performance on coarse vs. fine-grained orientation perception
+3. Diagnosing specific weaknesses in spatial reasoning across different model architectures
+4. Supporting research to improve MLLMs' abilities in applications that require spatial understanding (robotics, augmented reality, autonomous navigation)
+5. Providing a standardized framework for measuring progress in orientation understanding capabilities
 
 ### Out-of-Scope Use
 
-<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the dataset will not work well for. -->
-
-[More Information Needed]
+The DORI benchmark is not intended for:
+- Training models directly (it's an evaluation benchmark)
+- Evaluating general vision capabilities beyond orientation understanding
+- Assessing human perception or cognitive abilities
+- Commercial applications without proper attribution
 
 ## Dataset Structure
 
-<!-- This section provides a description of the dataset fields, and additional information about the dataset structure such as criteria used to create the splits, relationships between data points, etc. -->
+DORI consists of multiple-choice questions with a standardized format. Each question includes:
+
+1. A task description specifying the orientation dimension being evaluated
+2. Contextual information explaining relevant orientation concepts 
+3. Step-by-step analysis instructions
+4. Multiple-choice options
+5. Examples illustrating expected reasoning
+
+The benchmark is organized into four core dimensions with seven specific tasks:
+
+1. **Frontal Alignment**
+   - View Parallelism Perception
+   - Directional Facing Perception
+
+2. **Rotational Transformation**
+   - Single-axis Rotation
+   - Compound Rotation
+
+3. **Relative Orientation**
+   - Inter-object Direction Perception
+   - Viewer-scene Direction Perception
+
+4. **Canonical Orientation**
+   - Canonical Orientation Reasoning
+
+Each task has two levels of assessment:
+- **Coarse-grained** questions evaluating basic categorical understanding
+- **Fine-grained** questions probing precise quantitative estimations
+
+The distribution of tasks in the dataset is:
+- Compound Rotation: 26%
+- Viewer-Scene Direction: 20%
+- Inter-Object Direction: 19%
+- View Parallelism: 10%
+- Single-Axis Rotation: 9%
+- Directional Facing: 9%
+- Canonical Orientation: 5%
 
-[More Information Needed]
+Major object categories include chairs (15%), cars (14%), cameras (13%), sofas (10%), people (8%), tables (7%), and motorbikes (6%).
 
 ## Dataset Creation
 
 ### Curation Rationale
 
-<!-- Motivation for the creation of this dataset. -->
+DORI was created to address limitations in existing orientation benchmarks, which often:
+- Focus only on simple directional judgments without fine-grained assessment
+- Do not represent the naturality or nuances of real-life scenarios
+- Present tasks in ambiguous ways
+- Fail to systematically evaluate orientation across different frames of reference
+- Include too few samples for reliable evaluation
 
-[More Information Needed]
+DORI aims to provide a comprehensive, hierarchical evaluation framework specifically targeting orientation understanding, as this capability is fundamental for numerous AI applications including autonomous navigation, augmented reality, and robotic manipulation.
 
 ### Source Data
 
-<!-- This section describes the source data (e.g. news text and headlines, social media posts, translated sentences, ...). -->
-
 #### Data Collection and Processing
 
-<!-- This section describes the data collection and processing process such as data selection criteria, filtering and normalization methods, tools and libraries used, etc. -->
-
-[More Information Needed]
+DORI collected data via two primary means:
+1. Converting existing 3D information from established datasets into orientation questions
+2. Manually annotating samples where needed
 
-#### Who are the source data producers?
+The benchmark uses both real-world images (37%) and simulated renders (63%) to ensure comprehensive coverage of visual complexities. For simulated datasets, precise orientation parameters provided ground truth angular measurements with known accuracy. For real-world images, expert annotation established clear ground truth values.
 
-<!-- This section describes the people or systems who originally created the data. It should also include self-reported demographic or identity information for the source data creators if this information is available. -->
+Each question was created following a rigorous process involving:
+1. Isolating objects with bounding boxes to tackle cluttered scenes
+2. Employing standardized orientation terminology with explicit spatial frames of reference
+3. Ensuring difficulty progression from simple categorical judgments to precise angular measurements
 
-[More Information Needed]
+The prompts were iteratively refined through multiple cycles of human feedback to address ambiguities, clarify terminology, and improve task specificity.
 
-### Annotations [optional]
+#### Who are the source data producers?
 
-<!-- If the dataset contains annotations which are not part of the initial data collection, use this section to describe them. -->
+The source data comes from 11 established computer vision datasets created by various research groups:
+- KITTI (Geiger et al., 2012)
+- Cityscapes (Cordts et al., 2016)
+- COCO (Lin et al., 2014)
+- JTA (Fabbri et al., 2018)
+- 3D-FUTURE (Fu et al., 2021)
+- Objectron (Ahmadyan et al., 2021)
+- ShapeNet (Chang et al., 2015)
+- OmniObject3D (Wu et al., 2023)
+- NOCS REAL (Wang et al., 2019)
+- Get3D (Gao et al., 2022)
+- COCO Space SEA (a combination of datasets)
+
+### Annotations
 
 #### Annotation process
 
-<!-- This section describes the annotation process such as annotation tools used in the process, the amount of data annotated, annotation guidelines provided to the annotators, interannotator statistics, annotation validation, etc. -->
+For datasets with available 3D information, orientation information was derived algorithmically. For example:
+- JTA: Orientation was calculated by analyzing shoulder positions relative to the camera and head angle
+- KITTI: Rotation matrices were used to categorize vehicles and pedestrians based on orientation
+- 3D-Future: 6-DoF parameters were used to calculate precise rotational adjustments
+- COCO: Expert manual labeling was performed for object orientations
 
-[More Information Needed]
+The annotation process included rigorous quality control with multiple human evaluators checking for ambiguities and edge cases. The process created standardized, clear annotations for both coarse and fine-grained orientation judgments.
 
 #### Who are the annotators?
 
-<!-- This section describes the people or systems who created the annotations. -->
-
-[More Information Needed]
+The annotations were performed by a combination of:
+- Automated conversion from existing 3D parameters (for synthetic datasets)
+- Expert human annotators with experience in computer vision and spatial reasoning (particularly for natural images)
+- Non-expert annotators providing feedback for prompt refinement and disambiguation
 
 #### Personal and Sensitive Information
 
-<!-- State whether the dataset contains data that might be considered personal, sensitive, or private (e.g., data that reveals addresses, uniquely identifiable names or aliases, racial or ethnic origins, sexual orientations, religious beliefs, political opinions, financial or health data, etc.). If efforts were made to anonymize the data, describe the anonymization process. -->
-
-[More Information Needed]
+The dataset uses established computer vision datasets and does not introduce new personal or sensitive information. The focus is on object orientation rather than identifying individuals or private data.
 
 ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
 
-<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
-
-[More Information Needed]
+The DORI benchmark has several limitations:
+- Performance may be influenced by the quality of bounding box annotations
+- Some objects inherently have more ambiguous orientations than others
+- The distribution of objects is not entirely balanced across all categories
+- While diverse, the benchmark cannot cover every possible orientation scenario
+- Performance on synthetic vs. real images may vary due to domain differences
+- The benchmark primarily features static orientation reasoning rather than dynamic manipulation
 
 ### Recommendations
 
-<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
-
-Users should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the dataset. More information needed for further recommendations.
-
-## Citation [optional]
+Users of the DORI benchmark should:
+- Consider results across both coarse and fine-grained questions for a complete understanding of model capabilities
+- Pay attention to performance differences across the four core dimensions to identify specific weaknesses
+- Note that orientation understanding is just one component of spatial reasoning
+- Be aware that orientation perception in controlled environments may differ from real-world deployment scenarios
+- Consider that poor performance on DORI may indicate fundamental limitations in a model's spatial representation capabilities
 
-<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the dataset, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
+## Citation
 
 **BibTeX:**
 
-[More Information Needed]
-
-**APA:**
-
-[More Information Needed]
 
-## Glossary [optional]
+## Glossary
 
-<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the dataset or dataset card. -->
+- **Frontal Alignment**: The ability to perceive how an object's front-facing surface is oriented relative to the viewer
+- **Rotational Transformation**: Understanding orientation changes through rotation, reflecting requirements for object manipulation
+- **Relative Orientation**: Understanding how objects are oriented in relation to each other and with respect to the viewer
+- **Canonical Orientation**: The ability to recognize when objects deviate from their expected orientations
+- **Coarse-grained questions**: Basic categorical judgments about orientation (e.g., "is the car facing toward or away from the camera?")
+- **Fine-grained questions**: Precise metric relationships about orientation (e.g., "at what angle is the car oriented relative to the camera?")
+- **Egocentric reference frame**: Orientation relative to the camera/viewer
+- **Allocentric reference frame**: Orientation independent of the viewer's perspective
 
-[More Information Needed]
+## More Information
 
-## More Information [optional]
+The DORI benchmark represents a significant advancement in the assessment of orientation understanding in MLLMs. Initial evaluations of 15 state-of-the-art MLLMs revealed significant limitations, with even the best models achieving only 54.2% accuracy on coarse tasks and 33.0% on granular orientation judgments, compared to human performance of 86.6% and 80.9% respectively.
 
-[More Information Needed]
+Performance patterns indicate that current models struggle most with precise angular estimations, multi-axis rotational transformations, and perspective shifts beyond egocentric frames. These findings strongly suggest that future architectural advancements must develop specialized mechanisms for continuous geometric representation to bridge this critical gap in machine perception.
 
-## Dataset Card Authors [optional]
+## Dataset Card Authors
 
-[More Information Needed]
+Anonymous Authors (NeurIPS 2025 submission)
 
 ## Dataset Card Contact
 
-[More Information Needed]
+For more information, please contact the authors through the NeurIPS 2025 submission system.