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+{"id": "67656", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67656", "title": "Odawara Castle", "text": " is a landmark in the city of Odawara in Kanagawa Prefecture. It was the fortress of various daimyo during the Muromachi period of Japanese history.\nOdawara Castle was destroyed by the Meiji government. However, present Odawara Castle was rebuilt in 1960. It serves as a museum and is designated as an important historical monument. Odawara Castel premise is a park, and there are zoo and small amusement park in addition to historical site such as Castel tower. It was voted the 100 best historic parks in Japan in October, 2006."}
+{"id": "67657", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67657", "title": "Odawara-j\u014d", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67658", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67658", "title": "Himeji-j\u014d", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67659", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67659", "title": "Basho", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67664", "revid": "1248114", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67664", "title": "Ab urbe condita", "text": "Ab urbe condita is a way to measure time.\nOrigin.\nThe phrase is Latin. It literally means \"from when the city was founded\". The city talked about is the city of Rome. This way of measuring time was not used in Classical antiquity. The first to have used it was the historian Orosius, about 400 AD.\nHistory.\nMarcus Terentius Varro found out that the city of Rome was founded 440 years after the fall of Troy. Romulus and Remus founded it. Varro thought that was in the spring of 753 BC.\nMarcus Porcius Cato Censorius thought that Rome was founded one year after the 7th Olympic Games. That would have been in 752 BC.\nOther works.\nAb urbe condita is also the main work of Titus Livius, a Roman historian."}
+{"id": "67666", "revid": "1070632", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67666", "title": "Mesosphere", "text": "The mesosphere is a part of the atmosphere. It is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. On Earth, the mesosphere starts at 50 kilometers above the planet to about 90 km above the planet. \nThe mesosphere is the most poorly understood part of the atmosphere. The mesosphere lies above the highest point for flying a plane, but below the lowest point for flying a spaceship. It also has a layer of electrically charged particles called the ionosphere."}
+{"id": "67667", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67667", "title": "Magnetosphere", "text": "A magnetosphere is a region around an astronomical object, such as a planet. It is the region where charged particles are affected by the object's magnetic field. The magnetosphere of the Sun is called the heliosphere. Ions and electrons of the solar wind are deflected by the heliosphere. \nSince a magnetosphere is magnetic, it is invisible. However, the Earth's magnetosphere makes the Aurora. This causes the famous \"Northern Lights\" that shimmer in the night sky near the North Pole.\nThe border between magnetospheres is called a magnetopause and includes the bow shock."}
+{"id": "67668", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67668", "title": "Dorus Rijkers", "text": "Theodorus \"Dorus\" Rijkers (27 January 1847 in Den Helder \u2013 19 April 1928 in Den Helder) was a famous Dutch lifeboat captain and folk hero, he is most famous for his sea rescues of 487 shipwrecked victims over a total of 38 rescue operations and at least 25 before joining the lifeboat-service.\n'Opa' Dorus.\nDorus received his nickname \"Grandpa\" (Dutch:\"Opa\") while still a young man. He had married Neeltje Huisman, a fisherman's widow who already had 6 children. Shortly after the marriage, the oldest of Neeltje's daughters had a child of her own, and so at only 23 years old Dorus became known as \"Opa\" in Den Helder where he lived. Although the nickname began as a joke, Dorus soon started acting and looking like a grandpa, and from that time on he became primarily known by his nickname.\nCareer as a lifeboat captain.\nDorus gained most of his fame as a result of his service to the Noord- en zuid-Hollandsche Redding Maatschappij (NZHRM), one of the two main Dutch lifeboat-societies at the time. The NZHRM would later become the Koninklijke Nederlandse Redding Maatschappij (KNRM).\nHowever his life-saving career began in 1872 before he joined the NZHRM, while acting as captain of his own boat. While at sea, he saved all 25 crew members of the barque \"Australia\" from drowning at sea. Because of this incident, Dorus gained a reputation as a rescuer, which preceded his joining the NZHRM as a volunteer. On the basis of his reputation, he was granted the position of coxswain upon joining the NZHRM without having to prove his qualifications. His rank of coxswain entitled him to immediately command his own boat and crew.\nAlthough Dorus joined the NZHRM as a volunteer, he worked so many hours that it precluded him from taking on other paid work. Dorus and all of his crew members received a sum for each trial and each service.\nDuring his nearly 30 years service with the NZHRM, Dorus saved hundreds of people from drowning at sea, becoming legendary long before his retirement. In the waters where he served, he saved such large number of people with such effectiveness that the survival statistics increased dramatically. At the end of his career, although he remained active, his role became more symbolic in nature. \nHonored by King William III.\nIn 1888, Dorus Rijkers met King William III of the Netherlands after rescuing sailors from the German barque \"Renown\". The King gave Dorus a gold medal of honor and smoked a pipe with him.\nRetirement.\nIn 1911, Dorus retired at age 64, after which he received only a very small pension. He struggled to make ends meet by eating simple food and living plainly.\nDuring an October 1922 interview with Dr. L.A. Rademaker, editor of the Hague newspaper 'Het Vaderland', Dorus complained about his situation. He claimed that he had been forced to sell the gold medal of honour in order to buy himself a bicycle. The Helden der Zee Fonds 'Dorus Rijkers' (Dorus Rijkers Fund for the Heroes of the Sea) was created after Dorus' plight and that of other retired life-savers were chronicled in 'Het Vaderland'.\nDeath.\nIn April 1928, Dorus Rijkers died at the age of 81. He was given a funeral that was so grand that it resembled a state funeral in size and style. There was music, a big parade, thousands who came to pay their last respects including a large number of Marine Officers, also high ranking government officials, among them representatives of the Ministry of the Marine. The grandeur of his funeral showed the great public esteem in which Dorus was held at the time. Dorus Rijkers had become a national hero and was by far the most popular Dutchman of those years (according to a poll that surveyed many people in the Netherlands during the 1920s).\nLegacy.\nThere is a very large statue in honor of all the Netherlands sea-rescuers, opened in 1935. This statue is sometimes mistakenly assumed to be in honor of Dorus. In fact, a separate, smaller statue of Dorus was erected in 1939 One of the rescue boats of the KNRM still carries his name with pride. Dorus is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest rescuers of all time."}
+{"id": "67669", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67669", "title": "Queen Consort", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67670", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67670", "title": "Queen Regnant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67672", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67672", "title": "Prince of Wales", "text": " \nPrince of Wales is a royal title. It is usually held by the eldest son of the King or Queen of the United Kingdom. It is the title of the royal who is first in line to the throne. The title is not automatic, but is given by the reigning monarch.\nWhen a person becomes King or Queen, their eldest son immediately becomes Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay. The current Prince of Wales, Prince William, was born in 1982, and was known as \"Prince William of Wales\" (his father is King Charles III). In 2022, his father became King, and he became \"The Duke of Cornwall\" (in Scotland he was called \"The Prince William, Duke of Rothesay\"). In 2022, the King made him \"Prince of Wales\", and he is now called Prince of Wales, except in Scotland, where he is still The Prince William, Duke of Rothesay.\nKing George II created his son, Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales. When Frederick died, the King made Frederick's eldest son, George, Prince of Wales.\nPrinces from 1284.\nFor earlier rulers, see List of rulers of Wales."}
+{"id": "67684", "revid": "1687111", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67684", "title": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "text": "The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, and it has 32 academic departments, and gives much importance to scientific and technological research. MIT students, graduates, and faculty members are famous for being given many awards, including 76 Nobel Prizes. In 2013 QS ranked MIT as the best university in the world. It started in 1861. It is one of the most selective universities. It accepted 8.9% of people who applied for class of 2016. Nine months' tuition and fees for 2012\u20132013 is $42,050. MIT gives financial aid so that anyone who is good enough can pay. In 2011-2012 64% of undergraduates had some kind of financial aid. The student:faculty ratio is 8:1. 45% of undergraduates are women. The most popular major is engineering."}
+{"id": "67685", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67685", "title": "MIT", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67686", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67686", "title": "The Colbert Report", "text": "The Colbert Report was an American television talk show starring Stephen Colbert.\nIt was aired on Comedy Central Monday to Thursday, starting October 17, 2005. The last episode aired on December 18, 2014. It was a spin-off of \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". Colbert acts as if he is very conservative, as a parody. His show makes fun of different conservative political commentary shows, especially Bill O'Reilly's show \"The O'Reilly Factor\" on Fox News. The show also has many guests, usually one each night on the last part of his show. They are authors, actors, politicians, musicians and others. He also sometimes has other guests in other segments in his show, such as Congress members in his \"Better Know a District\" segment. The show is directed by Jim Hoskinson.\nColbert has also written three books with the writers of his show. The first book from 2007 is called \"I Am America (And So Can You!)\" as the character he plays on television.\nThe show is aired in Canada on The Comedy Network, The Comedy Channel in Australia, and Comedy Central in New Zealand.\nThe show won two Emmy Awards in 2013. It ended in December 2014."}
+{"id": "67687", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67687", "title": "Taneda Santoka", "text": " was the pen name of a Japanese writer. He is known for writing haiku of free verse. His real name was Taneda Shouichi (\u7a2e\u7530\u6b63\u4e00)."}
+{"id": "67688", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67688", "title": "Taneda Sant\u014dka", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67689", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67689", "title": "Taneda Shouichi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67690", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67690", "title": "Hip hop music", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67692", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67692", "title": "Cid Corman", "text": "Cid (Sidney) Corman (June 29, 1924 \u2013 March 12, 2004) was an American poet well known for editing the magazine \"Origin\"."}
+{"id": "67693", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67693", "title": "Lenard D. Moore", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67694", "revid": "1444326", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67694", "title": "Lenard Moore", "text": "Lenard Duane Moore (born February 13, 1958) is an American writer. He was born in Jacksonville, North Carolina. He has written more than 20 forms of poetry, drama, essays and literary criticism. He has been writing and publishing haiku for 25 years.\nPoetry.\nLenard's poetry has been translated into several languages. He has written the following:"}
+{"id": "67695", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67695", "title": "Octavio Paz", "text": "Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 \u2013 April 19, 1998) was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.\nOn April 19, 1998, Paz died of cancer in Mexico City, Mexico."}
+{"id": "67697", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67697", "title": "Raymond Roseliep", "text": "Raymond Roseliep (August 11, 1917 \u2013 December 6, 1983) was a poet. He wrote haiku. He was a Catholic priest. He has been described as \"the John Donne of Western haiku\"."}
+{"id": "67698", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67698", "title": "Kenneth Rexroth", "text": "Kenneth Rexroth (December 22, 1905 \u2013 June 6, 1982) was an American writer. He was one of the first poets in the United States to write in traditional Japanese poetic forms such as haiku. Rexroth is known as one of the main figures in the San Francisco Renaissance."}
+{"id": "67699", "revid": "9237997", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67699", "title": "Sonia Sanchez", "text": "Sonia Sanchez (born September 9, 1934) is an African-American poet. She is known for being part of the Black Arts Movement. \nSanchez was born Wilsonia Benita Driver in Birmingham, Alabama on September 9, 1934. She studied at Hunter College, and New York University. She founded the Black Studies program at San Francisco State University. She was poet-in-residence at Temple University. \nShe has written over twelve books of poetry. She has also written plays and children's books."}
+{"id": "67701", "revid": "593910", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67701", "title": "Gary Snyder", "text": "Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American writer. He is also an essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. Snyder is a winner of a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Since the 1970s, he has often been called the \"laureate of Deep Ecology.\" Since the 1950s, he has published travel-journals and essays."}
+{"id": "67703", "revid": "712621", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67703", "title": "Genpei Akasegawa", "text": " was a pseudonym of Japanese conceptual artist (born 27 March 1937, died 26 October 2014). He started the art group Hi-Red Center with Jiro Takamatsu and Natsuyuki Nakanishi in 1963. Akasegawa helped to start the \"Roadside Observation\" art group (\u8def\u4e0a\u89b3\u5bdf\u5b66\u4f1a in Japanese) with Terunobu Fujimori in 1986. He also created the word \"Tomason\" to describe a kind of found art. Tomason are parts of buildings that seem useless, but are interesting.\nHe used another pen name for novels. He won the Akutagawa Prize in 1981 for a short story called \"Chichi ga kieta\"."}
+{"id": "67704", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67704", "title": "Gempei Akasegawa", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67705", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67705", "title": "Akasegawa Gempei", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67706", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67706", "title": "Katsuhiko Otsuji", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67707", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67707", "title": "Otsuji Katsuhiko", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67708", "revid": "1398040", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67708", "title": "Aries (astrology)", "text": "Aries is the astrological Zodiac sign that s the constellation Aries. In the tropical zodiac, Aries is from March 21 to April 20 beginning at the vernal equinox. Under the sidereal zodiac, it is now from April 15 to May 15. The opposite sign to Aries is Libra. The corresponding month in the Babylonian calendar is \"Arax Nis\u00e2nu\", which is made for Anu.\nThe symbol.\nThis sign for Aries was made from many stars which made up the head of the Aries constellation. The head of Aries is called \"Aluathay\" or \"Salhay\" and it is made up of four stars.\nMythology.\nIn mythology Aries is related to Greek myth of the ram which carried Athamas's son Phrixus and daughter Helle to Colchis away from their evil stepmother Ino. This ram is also related to Theseus, from the Greek myth of the Minotaur.\nAstrology.\nIn astrology Aries is ruled by the planet Mars.\nThe Indian equivalent of Aries is Mesha, the Chinese equivalent is the Dragon."}
+{"id": "67712", "revid": "1663585", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67712", "title": "Taurus (astrology)", "text": "Taurus is an astrological sign, which is with the constellation (a group of stars that make the shape of an animal or person) of the same name. Under the tropical zodiac, Taurus is occupied by the Sun from April 20 to May 20, and under the sidereal zodiac, it is currently from May 14 to June 19. \nMythology.\nIn mythology, Taurus is often with the Greek myth of the bull-form taken by Zeus in order to win Europa. Taurus is also associated with the Greco-Roman goddess Aphrodite/Venus and sometimes also the goddesses Hera/Juno, Ishtar, Isis, Freyja, and Frigg and the gods Pan, Dionysus/Bacchus, Xolotl, and Quetzalcoatl."}
+{"id": "67713", "revid": "10536", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67713", "title": "Tuscon, Arizona", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67714", "revid": "211734", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67714", "title": "Taiso Yoshitoshi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67717", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67717", "title": "Freegan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67720", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67720", "title": "Fu\u00dfballclub w\u00fcrzburger kickers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67722", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67722", "title": "Queen regnant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67723", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67723", "title": "Queen consort", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67724", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67724", "title": "Christy Turlington", "text": "Christy Nicole Turlington (born January 2, 1969) is an American supermodel. She grew up in Danville, California. Her father was British commercial pilot. Her mother was a Salvadoran flight attendant. \nTurlington is best known for representing Calvin Klein perfumes. She has done this since 1987. She has also worked on various campaigns for Maybelline and Giorgio Armani. She has appeared in several movies about the fashion industry."}
+{"id": "67726", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67726", "title": "Premier", "text": "Premier is a title that some countries might use for their head of government, sometimes used instead of Prime Minister. In some other countries, such as Canada, the Premier could be title of a regional government of a province or other local division.\nBritish Colonies.\nWhen a colony is first allowed to elect its own government the head of the government is called the \"Chief Minister\". As the colony gets more able to rule itself it is given more powers and the title of the Chief Minister is changed to \"Premier\". When the colony becomes independent the Premier becomes a Prime Minister, and British government ministers lose any authority to rule the new country.\nAustralia and Canada.\nThe leader of the federal governments in Australia and Canada is called the Prime Minister, but the leader of the governments in Australian states and Canadian Provinces is called the Premier. This is because the states and provinces are not independent."}
+{"id": "67727", "revid": "1223281", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67727", "title": "Hispanidad", "text": "Hispanidad (literally Hispanicness) is the community formed by all the people and nations that share Spanish language and culture. The 25 nations included are all Spanish-speaking except Guam, and can be classified in four geographic areas: Spain, Hispanoamerica, Hispanoafrica and the Hispanopacific. Every October 12 Hispanic Day is celebrated. Hispanidad or Spanish linguistic and cultural diffusion began when the 12 October 1492 Christopher Columbus sighted America and initiated the European colonization in the name of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. The kingdom of Castile (Castilla) built a global empire, spreading their culture and language in the Americas and biologically and culturally mixing with the indigenous peoples, altering the composition of the hemisphere. The penetration and reach of Spain at this time also extended into other European nations.\nThe Hispanics in the world.\nThe Spanish is the mother tongue that spoken by more than 333 million people (in second place after Chinese). The total number of Spanish-speakers is more than 395 million people.\nEurope.\nIn Europe, Hispanics are mainly confined to Spain. There are more than 30 million of them.\nAmerica.\nMost Hispanics are in Hispanic America . There are more than 300 million. Countries like Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela . \nAfrica.\nHispanics in the African continent are mostly in overseas territories of Spain (Canary Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and Plazas de Soberan\u00eda) and in the nation of Equatorial Guinea. In Morocco and Western Sahara some people maintain Hispanic characteristics. Altogether in Africa two million speak Spanish.\nAsia-Pacific.\nThe Philippines does not identify as Hispanic nor is Spanish the official language, but conserves some identifiably Hispanic influences in its culture. It is sometimes included in Hispanidad. \nOther countries in the Asia-Pacific region that maintain a similar degree of Hispanic influence as the Philippines are:"}
+{"id": "67734", "revid": "752027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67734", "title": "Aviation", "text": "Aviation refers to flying using an aircraft, like an aeroplane. It also includes the activities and industries related to flight, such as air traffic control. The biggest of the many uses of aviation are in air travel and military combat.\nHistory.\nHumans first built devices to fly in the air a long time ago. In the sixth century, Yuan Huangtou from China created a kite. Some primitive types of parachutes and gliders were also created in North Africa.\nThe modern age of aviation started on November 21, 1783, when the Montgolfier brothers flew in their hot air balloon. Airships followed. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers flew the first flight in an aeroplane which was heavier than air; their invention is known as the first aeroplane.\nMilitary aircraft became somewhat important in World War I. In the 1930s airliners began carrying many passengers. Jet engines began flying in fighter aircraft in World War II and in airliners in the 1950s."}
+{"id": "67740", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67740", "title": "Vi\u1ec7tnam", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67741", "revid": "678878", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67741", "title": "Cyberpunk", "text": "Cyberpunk is a kind of science fiction. The Cyberpunk genre began in the early 1980s. Bruce Bethke made this word for his 1980 short story \"Cyberpunk\" by putting together two words: \"cybernetics\" and \"punk rock\".\nSoon, people used this word to describe William Gibson's book, \"Neuromancer\".\nCyberpunk authors put their stories in different settings. The time is usually set in the near-future and the settings are often dystopian (characterized by misery). These are often societies with very advanced technology. Often, only a few huge corporations control the society. These corporations control the technology. Instead of being beneficial to all, technology is used by the few corporations for their own interests only. Many cyberpunk novels are about individual computer users. One hero fights a computer/Internet controlled society.\nThemes.\nCommon themes in cyberpunk include advances in information technology and especially the Internet, artificial intelligence and prosthetics and post-democratic societal control where corporations have more influence than governments. Nihilism, post-modernism, and film noir techniques are common elements, and the protagonists may be disaffected or reluctant anti-heroes."}
+{"id": "67742", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67742", "title": "H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67744", "revid": "11112", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67744", "title": "Ng\u00f4 \u00d0\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67745", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67745", "title": "Igbo language", "text": "Igbo is a language spoken in Nigeria. It is spoken by more than 18 million people. Igbo is a tonal language. The language is written in the Roman script."}
+{"id": "67746", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67746", "title": "H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh City", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67747", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67747", "title": "South Vi\u1ec7tnam", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67748", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67748", "title": "Fall/Liberation of S\u00e0ig\u00f2n", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67752", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67752", "title": "National Front for the Liberation of South Vi\u1ec7tnam", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67753", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67753", "title": "M\u1ef9 Lai Massacre", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67754", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67754", "title": "H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67756", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67756", "title": "\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67758", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67758", "title": "\u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67761", "revid": "1389678", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67761", "title": "Wind shear", "text": "Wind shear is a difference in either wind speed or direction over a fairly short distance in the atmosphere. Wind shear can be divided into two different types: \"horizontal\" and \"vertical wind shear\".\nWhen wind shear is observed.\nWeather situations when the Wind shear is observed happen:"}
+{"id": "67762", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67762", "title": "Polar cyclone", "text": "Polar cyclones (also known as Arctic Cyclones) are large areas of low pressure. They should not be confused with polar lows since people happen to use the same term for polar cyclones. Polar cyclones are usually 1,000 to 2,000 kilometers wide in which the air is moving in a spiral counterclockwise fashion in the northern hemisphere. The reason for the rotation is the same as tropical cyclones, the Coriolis effect. They also exist in places such as Greenland, the Eurasian Arctic area, and northern Canada, with about 15 cyclones per winter. Polar cyclones can form in any time of the year, although summer polar cyclones are usually weaker than the ones that form in the winter. Also, they are not closely studied and are rarely destructive since they happen in areas with little or no population.\nOne center is near Baffin Island and the other over northeast Siberia. In the southern hemisphere, it is usually near the edge of the Ross ice shelf near 160 west longitude. \nThe Antarctic vortex of the Southern Hemisphere is a single low-pressure zone that is found near the edge of the Ross ice shelf, near 160 west longitude. When the polar vortex is strong, the mid-latitude Westerlies (winds at the surface level between 30\u00b0 and 60\u00b0 latitude from the west) increase in strength and are persistent. When the polar vortex is weak, high-pressure zones of the mid-latitudes may push poleward, moving the polar vortex, jet stream, and polar front equatorward. The jet stream is seen to \"buckle\" and deviate south. This rapidly brings cold dry air into contact with the warm, moist air of the mid-latitudes, resulting in a rapid and dramatic change of weather known as a \"cold snap\".\nOzone depletion occurs within the polar vortices \u2013 particularly over the Southern Hemisphere \u2013 reaching a maximum depletion in the spring.\nHistory.\nThe polar vortex was first described as early as 1853. The phenomenon's sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) develops during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere and was discovered in 1952 with radiosonde observations at altitudes higher than 20\u00a0km.\nThe phenomenon was mentioned frequently in the news and weather media in the cold North American winter of 2013\u20132014, popularizing the term as an explanation of very cold temperatures.\nA deep freeze that gripped much of the United States and Canada in late January 2019 has been blamed on a polar vortex. The US National Weather Service warned that frostbite is possible within just 10 minutes of being outside in such extreme temperatures, and hundreds of schools, colleges and universities in the affected areas were closed. Around 21 people died in US due to severe frostbite. States within the midwest region of the United States had windchills just above -50\u00b0F (-45\u00b0C), which is colder than the frozen tundra and Antarctica. \nThe Polar vortex has also thought to have had effects in Europe. For example, the 2013\u201314 United Kingdom winter floods were blamed on the Polar vortex bringing severe cold in the United States and Canada. Similarly, the severe, brutal cold in the United Kingdom in the winters of 2009/10 and 2010/11 were also blamed on the Polar vortex.\nIdentification.\nPolar cyclones are low-pressure zones embedded within the polar air masses, and exist year-round. The stratospheric polar vortex develops at latitudes above the subtropical jet stream. Horizontally, most polar vortices have a radius of less than . Since polar vortices exist from the stratosphere downward into the mid-troposphere, a variety of heights/pressure levels are used to mark its position. The 50\u00a0mb pressure surface is most often used to identify its stratospheric location. At the level of the tropopause, the extent of closed contours of potential temperature can be used to determine its strength. Others have used levels down to the 500 hPa pressure level (about above sea level during the winter) to identify the polar vortex.\nDuration and power.\nPolar vortices are weakest during summer and strongest during winter. Extratropical cyclones that migrate into higher latitudes when the polar vortex is weak can disrupt the single vortex creating smaller vortices (cold-core lows) within the polar air mass. Those individual vortices can persist for more than a month.\nVolcanic eruptions in the tropics can lead to a stronger polar vortex during winter for as long as two years afterwards. The strength and position of the polar vortex shapes the flow pattern in a broad area about it. An index which is used in the northern hemisphere to gauge its magnitude is the Arctic oscillation."}
+{"id": "67763", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67763", "title": "Geisha", "text": " (or or ) are traditional female Japanese entertainers. They are skilled at different Japanese arts, like playing classical Japanese music, dancing and poetry. Geisha are not prostitutes, despite what some people think.\nThe term \"geisha\" is made of two Japanese words, () meaning \"art,\" and (), meaning \"person who does\" or \"to be employed in.\" The most literal translation in English is \"artist.\" Geisha are respected as artists and performers, and it is difficult to become one.\nKyoto is the city with the strictest geisha traditions. Geisha have worked there for the longest time. Becoming a professional geisha can take up to five years of training in Kyoto.\nApprentice geisha are called . The name comes from (), meaning \"dancing,\" and (), meaning \"child.\" wear white make-up called and long-sleeved kimono with many bright colors. in some places wear a belt, called an , that is up to long. Many wear fancy hairstyles made with their own hair, but in some places, they wear wigs instead. Full geisha wear simpler kimono and wear white makeup only for special occasions. Geisha also wear wigs and have a much shorter kimono belt.\nThere are also geisha in other cities, but there are differences. In Tokyo, becoming a full geisha takes from six months to a year. Geisha apprentices in Tokyo are called , which means \"half jewel\" or \"half pay.\" Apprentice geisha in Tokyo are also called , which means \"one who serves (alcohol).\" Geisha in Tokyo are normally older than those in Kyoto.\nMany geisha still live in traditional geisha houses called in neighborhoods called , which means \"flower town.\" Older geisha who are successful may have their own home. A geisha always needs to be registered to a geisha house to be allowed to work.\nThe world that geisha are a part of is called , which means \"the flower and willow world.\" One very famous geisha, , said that is because a \"geisha like a flower, beautiful in her own way, and like a willow tree, gracious, flexible, and strong.\"\nGeisha are considered to be cultural icons of Japan.\nHistory.\nBefore geisha appeared, some women worked as artists and entertainers. In the Heian period (794-1185), women entertained people at the Imperial Court by singing and dancing and were known as .\nLater, women who worked as prostitutes and courtesans entertained men in the red-light districts of Japan. In 1589, authorized the building of a neighborhood in Kyoto that was closed from the outside with walls. Called , it was dedicated to pleasure. was established as an official red-light district in 1640, and became one of three areas in Japan in which prostitution could be practiced legally. The other two were in Tokyo, which had been established in 1617, and , in Osaka.\nThose areas were known as and were the only places that women were allowed to be prostitutes. Courtesans were collectively called and were very expensive. also entertained men with singing, dancing, poetry, music and conversation. The highest-ranking were the , who did not engage in prostitution, unlike the other . Instead, they would have one or two rich clients act as their patron; those men would pay a lot of money to be entertained by their .\n could turn men away and could decide who they would entertain. were raised from a young age to be very skilled in different types of art and entertainment, and many of them became celebrities. Many woodblock prints and paintings exist of famous , and other .\nGeisha appeared only much later, during the Tokugawa period. Originally, geisha were men, who travelled throughout the red-light districts to entertain clients with music, dancing, and poetry. Such men were known as geisha but were also called , and because they played the , a Japanese drum.\nMale geisha were very low-class entertainers, but were considered to be upper class. Every man who wished to be with an had to follow difficult rituals and etiquette and to have enough money to pay for her time. That meant that only the richest nobility got to be entertained by . Many tea houses () appeared outside and offered entertainment that was not offered inside . At some of the tea houses, some women practiced cheaper prostitution and were called . However other women, who were called ('dancing girls'), acted as dancers and musicians and soon became very popular. They started calling themselves 'geisha', like the male artists who worked in .\nBy about 1700, female geisha had become much more popular than male geisha. A few years later, almost all geisha were women.\nThe government prohibited geisha from working as prostitutes and allowed them only to act as entertainers. One of the laws made them tie their (sash) in the back, as wore theirs at the front as a sign that they were available for sex. Geisha had to wear simpler hairstyles, less hair accessories, less makeup, and simpler kimono. If an accused a geisha of stealing her customers, the geisha would be investigated.\nSoon, the geisha became so much more popular than the that in 1761, the last of retired. Though continued to work in Kyoto and Osaka, as a whole were seen as outdated, too traditional, and too expensive. could not leave the red-light districts because they had a lot of debt to the owner of the brothel they worked in and were not thought of as celebrities or fashionable anymore. Most people could not afford to hire them. In contrast, geisha were cheaper and more fashionable, and could leave the red-light districts whenever they wanted. They sang popular songs and did not need several expensive meetings before they would entertain a client. New geisha neighborhoods () were created in Kyoto and other cities.\nIn the 19th century, geisha were in better position than common women,but they also had problems in Japanese society. Some poor people sold their daughters to a geisha house, but that was less common than some people think since many geisha came from families in which the mother or another female relative had once been a geisha. Geisha could not marry but could have a patron to pay for their expenses, and some retired when they gained a rich patron. Other men paid a lot of money to take the new girls' virginity (), and if the owner of a geisha house was dishonest and greedy, a young geisha could have her virginity sold a number of times to different men.\nHowever, the reputation and the respect for the geisha grew in the Meiji Restoration and even more after World War II. Important laws to protect them were created. Young girls could no longer be sold to the geisha houses, and the virginity of young geisha could no longer be bought. Since then, women become geisha only by their free will.\nToday.\nNumber.\nThough people often talk about how there are not many geisha left in Japan and that they might be about to die out, the geisha profession is very resilient. In history, the numbers of geisha sometimes fell because of changes in the economy or because of war. However, the number of working geisha usually rose again not long afterward.\nIn the 1920s there were over 80,000 geisha in Japan. In 1944, all geisha districts were shut because of World War II, and geisha, like everyone else, had to help out with the war. In Tokyo alone, almost 9,000 geisha were still entertaining guests before they were told they could not work as geisha anymore. After the war, geisha districts opened up again on 25 October 1945. By 1967, there were nearly 5,000 geisha in Tokyo again.\nToday, there are far fewer geisha. The exact number of geisha working today is not known but is estimated to be around 1,000 to 2,000.\n21st century.\nGeisha today live and work now Japan in different geisha districts (), which have their own traditions of arts, training, and clothing. The best-known geisha live in Kyoto, which has five geisha districts. The most famous one is , which is sometimes just called . There are also Manu geisha in Tokyo and in towns with hot springs like . In some places in Japan, people have decided to bring back geisha districts that had no geisha in them for decades.\nMany geisha houses and districts now use social media to advertise their work, and geisha do not need to be born into a geisha district to work there. Some geisha districts put on events to attract tourists. In Kyoto, places like Corner put on dances performed by that anyone can go and watch.\nPeople can also pay to dress up like geisha or for the day. Being dressed up as a geisha or is known as . Some dress-up services, like those in Kyoto, allow someone to walk around the city for the day in dress-up. However, they will not dress someone completely accurately so that real geisha and cannot be confused with people in costumes. If someone wearing wants to be dressed the exact same as a geisha or , they cannot walk around outside. Most, if not all, services will take photographs of someone in dress-up for them to keep. Real geisha do not have the time to take pictures with tourists and so most women dressed as geisha or who appear on the photos of tourists are in fact people in .\nYoung women who wish to become geisha now usually begin their training after they finish junior high school or even high school or college. Many women begin their careers as adults. Geisha still study traditional musical instruments like the , the (bamboo flute), and drums, as well as traditional songs, Japanese traditional dance, tea ceremony, literature and poetry. By watching other geisha, apprentices also become skilled in the difficult traditions of dressing, makeup, and dealing with clients.\nGeisha are often hired to go to parties and gatheringsat tea houses or traditional Japanese restaurants (). Their time is measured by the time it takes an incense stick to burn, which called (\"incense stick fee\") or (\"jewel fee\"). In Kyoto, the terms and , meaning \"flower fees,\" are used instead. Clients hire the services of geisha through the geisha district's union or registery office, known as the , which takes care of the geisha's schedule and makes appointments for her to entertain customers and train in the traditional arts.\nTraining.\nTraditionally, geisha began their training at a very young age. Although some girls were sold to become geisha as children, that was not normal practice in hanamachi with good reputation. Daughters of geisha were often educated as geisha themselves.\nThe first part of training is called \"shikomi\". When girls first arrived at the okiya, they used to be put to work as maids, or do everything they were told. The work was difficult to \"make\" and \"break\" the new girls. The most junior shikomi of the house had to wait late into the night for the senior geisha to return from work, sometimes at as late as two or three in the morning. During that stage of training, the shikomi went to classes at the hanamachi's geisha school. In modern times, that stage still exists, but it is less hard than before. Shikomi now become used to the traditions and dress of the \"kary\u016bkai\" (\"flower and willow world\").\nWhen an apprentice became skilled in the geisha arts and passed a final and difficult dance test, she was promoted to the second stage of training, the \"minarai\", and not longer did housework. This stage still exists but is much shorter than before (only a month). The minarai learn in the field and go to banquets and dance with the geisha. However, they do not participate but just sit, watch, and learn from their \"onee-san\" (\"older sisters\"). Their kimono are more elaborate than even that of a maiko, and it does the talking for them.\nAfter a short time, the third and most famous stage of training begins, the \"maiko\". The apprentice geisha stayed in this stage for years. Maiko learn from their senior geisha and follow them around to every presentation that she does. The \"onee-san/imoto-san\" (\"older sister/younger sister\") relationship is very important. The onee-san teaches her maiko everything about working in the hanamachi. She teaches her the right ways of serving tea, playing the shamisen, and dancing and everything about the art of \"iki\" (see below). Maiko wear heavy white makeup and elaborate hairstyle and have their lips painted almost all the time. Their kimono and obi have more vibrant colors and richer embroidery than those of full geisha. Like the minarai, maiko charge less money to go to parties or gatherings than full geisha.\nAfter a period of only six months (in Tokyo) or five years (in Kyoto), the maiko is promoted to a full geisha and charges full price for her time. Geisha use kimono of fewer colors and wear makeup only for work or dance because they are more mature than a maiko, and the simpler style shows her own natural beauty. Geisha remain as such until they retire.\nArt of geisha and \"iki\".\nGeisha must be very skilled at traditional Japanese music, dance, and poetry since they use all three skills at their work. The arts of makeup, hairstyles, and clothing are very important as well.\nThe most important principle of a geisha is iki, which started in the 18th century as a reply to the extravagant ways of the courtesans (\"oiran\") and those who liked their style. Oiran wore very elaborate clothes, makeup, and jewelry. Geisha preferred to be discreet, and more intelligent. They created iki as a style that gave more importance to conversation and wit. Instead of working with sex, as oiran then did and simple prostitutes still do, geisha try to be sexy. A geisha will flirt, tease, and joke with men but always with art and elegance. Japanese clients know that nothing more can be expected. Men enjoy the illusion of that which is never to be. Geisha do not have sex with clients for money.\nGeisha give more importance to their reputation than prostitutes do, and they almost never enter a relationship with a client. Those who do generally act with care and usually get married. Normally, when a geisha marries, she retires from the profession. The most important quality of a geisha is her trustworthiness, especially to Japanese clients. Anything that her clients do or tell her must remain a secret. Anything said or done at a tea house will remain anonymous.\nBecoming a geisha needs such :discipline. A geisha believes she must be a work of art in herself. She works everyday to improve everything she does. A geisha's movements and her way of walking, sitting, and talking are very important. She is a geisha all the time, even when she is at home or not working. An example of the dedication is the old custom of \"kangeiko\" (\"lessons in the cold\"). Until the early 1920s, apprentice geisha would put their hands in icy water and then go outside in cold weather to practice playing the shamisen until their fingers bled."}
+{"id": "67764", "revid": "1522289", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67764", "title": "Humanity", "text": "Humanity could mean:"}
+{"id": "67765", "revid": "32782", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67765", "title": "Weather fronts", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67766", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67766", "title": "Thomas Midgley", "text": "Thomas Midgley (May 18, 1889 \u2013 November 2, 1944), was an American inventor. His two most famous inventions are both now banned because they are dangerous for the world environment: the use of lead in petrol (gasoline) and the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerators. Midgley was accidentally killed by something he was inventing.\nEarly life.\nMidgley was born in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. His father was also an inventor. He grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and graduated from Cornell University in 1911 with a degree in mechanical engineering.\nDiscovery of Leaded Gasoline/Petrol.\nMidgley began working at General Motors in 1916. In December 1921 Midgley discovered that the addition of Tetraethyllead to gasoline prevented \"knocking\" in internal combustion engines.\nDiscovery of Freon.\nIn the 1930s Midgley developed a non-poisonous substance called CFC (chlorinated fluorocarbon) for use in refrigerators, inhalers and aerosol spray cans. He was given many high awards for his work and in 1944 he became president and chairman of the American Chemical Society.\nHis death.\nIn 1940, at the age of 51, Midgley became ill with polio which left him disabled. It was to the point where it was hard to do every day tasks; like getting out of bed. He decided to invent a complicated system of strings and pulleys to lift him from his bed. However, this plan backfired, and he got caught up in the ropes and died of strangulation.\nAfter his death.\nMidgley died before the days when people realized that CFCs were destroying the ozone layer which prevents harmful rays from the sun reaching the earth. They are now banned in refrigerators, but are still used in some countries.\nIn the United States it was not until 1973 that people started to produce gasoline without lead and, in 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles. However it was still legal in the U.S. for aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines until 2008. Leaded gasoline is still common in South America, Africa, and some parts of Asia and the Middle East."}
+{"id": "67767", "revid": "1232038", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67767", "title": "Hovhannes Shiraz", "text": "Hovhannes Shiraz (Armenian: \u0540\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u057d \u0547\u056b\u0580\u0561\u0566) (April 27, 1915 - April 14, 1984) was a notable Armenian poet.\nHe was born Hovhannes (Onig) Garabedyan in the city of Alexandropol, then part of the Russian Empire (now Gyumri, Armenia). His first work called Beginning of Spring was published in 1935. Novelist Atrpet gave the talented poet the epithet \"Shiraz\", because \"this youth's poems have the fragrance of roses, fresh and covered with dew, like the roses of Shiraz.\" Shiraz being one of Iran's major cities, famous for its roses and poets. Most of Shiraz's publications were poetry.\nHe married famous Armenian poetess Silva Kaputikyan. His son with Kaputikyan, Ara Shiraz, is a sculptor. A street in Julfa of Isfahan is named after him. In 2005 Levon Mkrtchyan released a documentary film titled \"Hovhannes Shiraz\". Hayk Studio 43min."}
+{"id": "67768", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67768", "title": "Polar low", "text": "A polar low is a small sized and short-lived atmospheric low pressure system that is found over the ocean areas pole ward of the main polar front in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The systems usually have a horizontal length scale of less than 1,000\u00a0km and live for less than a couple of days. They are part of the larger class of mesoscale weather systems. Polar lows can be difficult to detect using standard weather reports and are a problem to high-latitude operations, such as shipping and gas and oil platforms.\nPolar lows have been also known as by using many other terms, such as \"comma cloud\", \"mesocyclone\", \"polar mesoscale vortex\", \"Arctic hurricane\", \"Arctic low\", and \"cold air depression\". Today the term is usually set aside for the more-energetic systems that have near-surface winds of at least gale force (17\u00a0m/s).\nOther websites.\nFurther reading.\nRasmussen,E.A. and Turner,J.(2003). Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather Systems in the Polar Regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 612."}
+{"id": "67769", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67769", "title": "Pericles", "text": "Pericles or Perikles (ca. 495\u2013429 BC, , meaning \"surrounded by glory\") was a prominent and influential statesman. He also was an orator, and general of Athens. He lived between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. He was descended, through his mother, from the Alcmaeonid family.\nPericles had great influence on Athenian society. Thucydides, a contemporary historian, described him as \"the first citizen of Athens\". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War. The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the \"Age of Pericles,\". This period though can include times as early as the Persian Wars, or as late as the next century.\nIn Pericles late 20\u2019s he sponsored a major dramatic production for the festival of Dionysus, and he also entertained the whole city. Pericles also got married and had 2 sons. His wife's name is unknown. He associated with a courtesan named Aspasia. A decade later the people started to like him more and more. He got involved with the politics called Ephialtes. Pericles and Ephialtes took away the noble's powers. Ephialtes was later assassinated.\nPericles promoted the arts and literature. This was a chief reason Athens holds the reputation of being the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world. He started an ambitious project that built most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon). This project made the city more beautiful., It also showed its glory, and gave work to the people. Furthermore, Pericles fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics call him a populist."}
+{"id": "67775", "revid": "9923217", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67775", "title": "Wind speed", "text": "Wind speed is the speed of the weather related air movement from one place to the next.\nWind speeds usually mean the movement of air in an outside environment, but the speed of movement of air inside is also important in many cases, including weather forecasting, aircraft and maritime operations, construction and civil engineering. High wind speeds can cause unpleasant side effects, and strong winds often have special names, including gales, hurricanes, and typhoons. The highest non-tornadic wind speed ever measured on earth, 253 miles per hour, was recorded on Barrow Island, Australia. \nMeasurement.\nThe most simple method of measuring wind speed is to estimate the speed from the observed event against the Beaufort Scale. Obviously, this method is not the most accurate available, so each value on the scale represents a range of values, three on the scale, for example, covers the wind speeds between seven and ten knots."}
+{"id": "67776", "revid": "767728", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67776", "title": "Thebes, Greece", "text": "Thebes is a city in Central Greece in Boeotia. Today, about 23,000 people live there. It lies on the border of Boeotia and Attica. Archaeologists have found a Mycenaean settlement. They have also found clay tablets written in Linear B script. Thebes was once a super-power in Greece until the rise of Macedonia. It became a dominant power after their victory over the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. "}
+{"id": "67777", "revid": "224035", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67777", "title": "Minoan civilization", "text": "The Minoan civilization was a civilization on Crete named after Minos. It began in the Bronze Age between 3000 and 2700 BC. It lasted until about 1450 BC. \nThe Minoan civilization is famous for its sea trading and well-planned cities. The Minoans had an agricultural system, which relied mainly on olives and grapes. Their religion worshipped mostly goddesses. \nTheir civilization was later replaced by the Mycenaean culture.\nArchitecture.\nCretans built palaces during their architecture era, from 2000 BC to 1450 BC. The Cretans might have gotten the money to create their palaces from working for the Egyptians.\nMost of the palaces that Cretans built are very large. They were used as many things: government centers, storerooms, stores, and administrative offices. A non-royal palace had many small rooms with cooler places to sit, because Crete got very hot in the summer. \nThe royal palace was very different. Everyone had toilets, baths, and running water. The king's and queen's palace was very fancy.\nThe architecture era was ended by a great fire."}
+{"id": "67778", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67778", "title": "Mycenaean Greece", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67779", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67779", "title": "Bronze age", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67780", "revid": "7541488", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67780", "title": "Alliance", "text": "An alliance is an agreement made between two or more parties to benefit them.\nThe word is used mainly in war. Two or more countries that make an alliance promise to help one other during war. Such countries are called \"allies\". Those countries are said to be \"allied\".\nAn example of an alliance with more than two countries is the Central Powers during World War I. That alliance was made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria."}
+{"id": "67781", "revid": "1243600", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67781", "title": "Persia (disambiguation)", "text": "Persia is another name for Iran, a country in Western Asia. Sometimes it means only the southwestern part of Iran.\nThe Persian Empire ( - \"\") is another name for a few empires that ruled over modern-day Iran.\nPersia may also refer to:"}
+{"id": "67783", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67783", "title": "Epic poetry", "text": "Epic poetry tells a dramatic story in a poem. It is usually long, has characters, and takes place in different settings. Epic poems started in prehistoric times as part of oral tradition. \n\"Beowulf\" is a famous example, written in Old English. Well-known people who wrote epics were Homer, Virgil, Ovid, Dante, Edmund Spenser and Milton. William Wordsworth's Prelude plays with epic ideas, though the poem is autobiographical. The Kyrgyz Epic of Manas is one of the longest written epics in history.\nCharacteristics.\nEpic poems have seven main characteristics: \nUsually, in epic poems: \nExamples.\nContemporary.\nOmeros (1990), Derek Walcott\nEmpire of Dreams (1988), Giannina Braschi"}
+{"id": "67784", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67784", "title": "Water lillies", "text": "Water lilies could mean:"}
+{"id": "67785", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67785", "title": "Kousuke Atari", "text": "Kousuke Atari (, \"Atari K\u014dsuke\"; born July 13, 1980 in Amami island, Kagoshima) is a Japanese singer and Shimauta utasha."}
+{"id": "67795", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67795", "title": "The Apostles (Elgar)", "text": "The Apostles, op. 49, is an oratorio for soloists, chorus and orchestra composed by Edward Elgar. It was first performed on October 14, 1903.\nHistory of its composition.\nElgar had been thinking for many years about writing a musical work about Jesus's Twelve Apostles. He was already 42 when his orchestral work \"Enigma Variations\" was first performed in 1899. He was then asked by the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival to compose a big work for the following year. At first he thought of writing \"The Apostles\", but then he realized he would need more than a year to write it, so he composed an oratorio called \"The Dream of Gerontius\". When it was first performed it was not a success. This was because the orchestra and choir had only had two weeks to learn it and also because the conductor did not like Elgar's music anyway. Then it was performed in D\u00fcsseldorf in Germany and shortly afterwards in Westminster Cathedral, London. Both these performances were greeted with lots of applause. Elgar was given a doctorate (title of Dr) by the University of Cambridge and he was becoming famous. He started to work on \"The Apostles\", and it was performed in Birmingham in 1903.\nOriginally Elgar wanted to write three oratorios which would belong together. \"The Apostles\" is the first one, the second one became \"The Kingdom\" but the third one, which would have been about the Last Judgement, was never written.\nThe words and music.\nThe oratorio is about the disciples of Jesus and the way they react to the amazing things that Jesus does. There are six soloists: the narrator (who tells the story)- he has a tenor voice and also does the part of St John, St Peter (bass), Jesus (bass) and Judas (bass) and the two female singers: the soprano who is both the Blessed Virgin and the angel Gabriel, and the mezzo-soprano who is Mary Magdalene.\nSometimes \"The Apostles\" is criticized for not being a carefully thought out dramatic story. Elgar was more interested in what makes people behave in the way they do. He was particularly interested in the two sinners Mary Magdalene and Judas Iscariot.\nThe orchestra is very big. The music includes the call of the shofar. Often this is played on a brass instrument. There is a double choir and a small choir (semichorus).\nThe parts of the oratorio.\nThe work is in two parts and seven sections, each played without a break. Elgar chose the words himself. He spent a lot of time looking at different translations of the Bible and combining sentences from several of the versions.\nEvaluation.\nUnlike \"The Dream of Gerontius\" which people did not like the first time they heard it, \"The Apostles\" was an immediate success with audience and critics. People were getting used to the kind of big oratorio that Elgar was writing. However, today \"The Dream of Gerontius\" is the most popular of Elgar's oratorios. \"The Apostles\" is a strange mixture of words from different parts of the bible, but it has some very beautiful music. Elgar often wrote the music first and then added the words afterwards.\nElgar uses leitmotifs in this work: melodies that are associated with particular people or ideas. He got this idea from Wagner. Some of the leitmotifs heard in \"The Apostles\" can also be heard in \"The Kingdom\"."}
+{"id": "67804", "revid": "1572762", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67804", "title": "Knot (speed)", "text": "A knot is a unit of speed. It is abbreviated kt or kn. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI. It is used around the world in meteorology and for maritime and aviation purposes.\nDefinition.\n1 international knot = 1\u00a0nautical mile per hour = 1.852\u00a0kilometres per hour exactly. This is based on the internationally agreed length of the nautical mile, as adopted by the US in 1954 (which previously used the US nautical mile of 1853.248 m), the UK in 1970 (which previously used the UK or Admiralty nautical mile of 1853.184 m) and other countries. This is the definition used in most, if not all, modern circumstances. Knot is sometimes used for the nautical mile itself, but this is incorrect.\nThe speed of a vessel relative to the fluid in which it travels is usually measured in knots. This may be referred to as 'boat speed', 'vessel speed' and, for aircraft, 'air speed'. The speeds of relevant fluids, such as tidal streams, river currents and wind speeds, are also usually specified in knots. Knots are then also used to describe the actual speed of a vessel over the ground (SOG) and for its rate of progress toward a distant point ('velocity made good' or VMG).\nConversions.\nOne (international) knot is the same as 1.852 kilometres per hour (km\u00b7h\u22121), and is approximately equal to the following:\nDiscussion.\nAlthough knots do not fit within the primary SI system, they are used for nautical and aviation use for navigational reasons, because the length of a nautical mile is almost identical to a minute of latitude. As a result, distance in nautical miles on a navigational chart can easily be measured by using dividers and the latitude indicators on the side of the chart."}
+{"id": "67805", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67805", "title": "Knot (disambiguation)", "text": "Knot could mean:\nIn biology:\nKnot could also mean:\nKnots could mean:"}
+{"id": "67815", "revid": "1491799", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67815", "title": "Royal Philharmonic Orchestra", "text": "The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (RPO) is a British orchestra based in London. It travels around to give concerts in many places.\nHistory.\nThe RPO was started just after World War II, in 1946, by the conductor Sir Thomas Beecham. Beecham did not start to get his players together until three weeks before the first concert which took place in Croydon on September 15, 1946. Beecham was principal conductor until his death in 1961.\nWhen the orchestra toured the United States in 1950 they were the first British orchestra to visit America since the London Symphony Orchestra in 1912.\nBeecham controlled all the organization of the orchestra. After Beecham\u2019s death, the orchestra was made into a self-governing group, like the other London orchestras. They went through some difficult years. In 1963 the Royal Philharmonic Society decided they would stop asking the RPO to play for their concerts, and in Glyndebourne, where the RPO had played for the opera since 1948, the London Philharmonic Orchestra became the resident orchestra instead. Sir Malcolm Sargent helped the orchestra to put on its own concerts at a cinema in north London.\nThe orchestra had made an agreement with the Royal Philharmonic Society about the concerts it would play. This meant it could call itself \u201cRoyal\u201d. In the 1960s the work they were doing no longer allowed them to call themselves \u201cRoyal\u201d, so in 1966 the Queen officially gave them the title \u201cRoyal\u201d.\nIn 1992 the orchestra appointed Peter Maxwell Davies as associate conductor and composer of the RPO.\nOn April 7, 1994, the Royal Philharmonic had the honour of performing at the Vatican in the historic \"Papal Concert to Commemorate the Holocaust\" with Sir Gilbert Levine.\nThe RPO give a series of concerts in the Cadogan Hall, London, and in the Royal Albert Hall. They tour all over Britain and also abroad. In the period 2002-2007 they played in 30 different countries.\nRecordings.\nThe orchestra made many recordings with Sir Thomas Beecham. In 1964 Igor Stravinsky recorded his opera \"The Rake's Progress\" with the RPO. From 1964 to 1979 they recorded many Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the D\u2019Oyly Carte Opera Company.\nNon-classical work.\nThe Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra is part of the same organization. They spend their time playing lighter classical music. The RPO have also worked with pop music groups and has given its own series of children\u2019s concerts. In 2007 they announced a series of free educational workshops for the local community."}
+{"id": "67816", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67816", "title": "RPO", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67817", "revid": "9118239", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67817", "title": "Adrian Boult", "text": "Sir Adrian Cedric Boult CH (8 April 1889 \u2013 22 February 1983) was an English conductor.\nLife.\nEarly years.\nBoult was born in Chester. He went to school in Westminster School and studied at Christ Church, Oxford. He then went to the Leipzig Conservatory where he learnt to conduct by watching the great Hungarian conductor Arthur Nikisch. He sang in choral festivals and at the Leeds Festival of 1913, where he went to watch Nikisch conduct.\nDuring World War I he worked for the War Office, and while he was there in 1918 he planned a series of concerts with the London Symphony Orchestra, which included several important new British works including Gustav Holst's \"The Planets\", \"A London Symphony\" by Ralph Vaughan Williams, and Elgar's \"Symphony No. 2\". When Boult was a boy he had already met Elgar. Elgar now wrote to him and said he felt sure the future of his music was safe in Boult's hands. Boult was at the start of a great career in which he conducted a lot of 20th century British music.\nBirmingham and the BBC.\nIn 1924 Boult became conductor of the City of Birmingham Orchestra\u2014now the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra \u2014 and in 1930 he was made Director of Music at the BBC. When the BBC formed the BBC Symphony Orchestra, Boult also became its chief conductor, combining both jobs.\nBoult became famous for conducting a wide repertoire, including the very modern-sounding music of Arnold Schoenberg. In 1933 he married Ann Wilson, the ex-wife of the singer and administrator Steuart Wilson. The marriage lasted until Boult's death. Boult was knighted in 1937.\nWar years and after.\nDuring World War II the BBC Symphony Orchestra was evacuated to Bristol. Even there it was not safe from the bombing and they moved again to Bedford.\nAfter the war the BBC started the BBC Third Programme and Boult was involved in many new plans for concerts and recordings.\nIn 1948, Steuart Wilson became Director of Music at the BBC. Some people were saying that the music on the BBC was not so good and that Boult ought to retire when he became 60 in 1949. He then became conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra with whom he made many recordings.\nLater years.\nBoult continued to conduct until he was very old. His many recordings, including music he had heard Nikisch conduct many years before. His last public performance was conducting Elgar's ballet \"The Sanguine Fan\" for London Festival Ballet at the Coliseum, in London on 24 June 1978. \nBoult was made a Companion of Honour in 1969.\nWritings.\nBoult wrote two books about conducting, \"Thoughts on Conducting\" and \"A handbook on the technique of conducting\". He also wrote an autobiography: \"My Own Trumpet\" (the expression \u201cto blow one\u2019s own trumpet\u201d means: \u201cto boast about oneself). He also gave talks on the radio. He spoke in a very polite, formal style.\nHis conducting.\nBoult always conducted with a baton (conductor\u2019s stick). His conducting was very graceful, his movements were very simple and clear."}
+{"id": "67820", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67820", "title": "Franz Leh\u00e1r", "text": "Franz Leh\u00e1r (born 30 April 1870; died 24 October 1948) was an Austrian composer of Hungarian descent. He was the leading composer of operettas in the 20th century. He is still one of the most popular composers of light music.\nHis life.\nLeh\u00e1r was born in Kom\u00e1ron in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Today the town is called Kom\u00e1rno and it is in Slovakia. He was the eldest son of a bandmaster in the Austro-Hungarian army. He studied violin and composition at the Prague Conservatory. Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k told him he should be a composer. After graduation in 1899, he joined his father's band in Vienna, as assistant bandmaster. In 1902 he became conductor at the historic Vienna Theater an der Wien, where his first opera \"Wiener Frauen\" was performed in November of that year.\nHe is most famous for his operettas. The best known one is \"The Merry Widow\" (in German: \"Die lustige Witwe\") which is probably the most popular of all operettas. He also wrote sonatas, symphonic poems, marches, and a number of waltzes, some of which come from his famous operettas. Some of the songs from his operettas have become very well-known, especially \"Vilja\" from \"The Merry Widow\" and \"You Are My Heart's Delight\" (\"Dein ist mein ganzes Herz\") from \"The Land of Smiles\".\nThe tenor Richard Tauber sang in many of his operettas. Six of them had parts especially written for him.\nLeh\u00e1r died in 1948 in Bad Ischl, near Salzburg where he was also buried. His villa in Bad Ischl is now a museum in his memory."}
+{"id": "67821", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67821", "title": "Rings of Neptune", "text": "The planet Neptune has a planetary ring system that is not very bright. It is made up of a few rings and some \"ring arcs\". The \"ring arcs\" are part of the outer ring called the Adams ring and are not to be seen anywhere else. The ring \"particles\" (small parts) are weirdly dark colored, and have large amounts of microscopic dust. Neptune has fourteen moons. Four of them orbit the planet inside the outermost rings.\nDiscovery and observations.\nThe rings around Neptune could not be seen from Earth with strong telescopes. The evidence that they were there was first seen when scientists were watching the planet as it passed between the Earth and a star. (When this happens, the light of the star is blocked. This is called \"stellar occulation\".) Scientists watched this happen 50 times, and on five of those times in the early 1980s they saw the star give a little \"blink\" just before or after the planet covered it. This meant that rings around the planet were blocking the light, but the rings were not complete.\nIn 1989 the unmanned spacecraft \"Voyager 2\" flew by Neptune. \"Voyager 2\" sent back pictures that gave most of the information that scientists now have about the rings of Neptune. The pictures also help scientists to know why the rings looked incomplete. Not only did the pictures give a closer view, but they also showed the rings in a way that cannot ever be seen from earth. From earth the rings are always seen with the light of the sun shining \"towards\" them. When the spacecraft went past the planet, it took pictures with the sun shining \"behind\" the rings, as well. Big \"particles\" in the rings looked dark against the sunlight, but all tiny dust \"particles\" (microscopic dust) shone brightly when the sun was behind it. This allowed the scientists to work out what the rings were made of, and how all the particles were arranged.\nAs better types of telescopes have been developed, scientists can now see some of the rings from earth. The brightness of Neptune makes it hard to see the rings, which are much dimmer and the faintest rings still cannot be seen, even with vey powerful telescopes.\nAdams ring and the Ring Arcs.\nThe most famous of Neptune's rings is the thin outer Adams ring, although by comparison with the rings of the planets Saturn or Uranus, it is very hard to see. It was originally named as \"1989 N1R\". It is famous because it has a feature that has not been seen on any other planetary rings. These are three long narrow \"arcs\" which are much brighter and look more solid than the rest of the ring system. Each one spans from 4-10\u00b0 of the whole ring. All the arcs are close to each other, spanning under 40\u00b0 of longitude, only about 1/8th of the edge of the ring. It has been a puzzle to understand why the stuff in these arcs does not spread out evenly through the whole ring.\nThe three arcs have been named with French names \"Libert\u00e9\", \"\u00c9galit\u00e9\", and \"Fraternit\u00e9\". These names came from the famous saying of the French Revolution, which translates into English as \"Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood!\". These names were suggested by the scientists who discovered them during \"stellar occultations\" in 1984 and 1985.\nFour of Neptune's 13 moons are inside the ring system. The one that is nearest to the Adam's ring is called Galatea. It is a lumpy mass of rock that orbits around the planet at about the same speed as the planet is rotating. It is about 1000 kilometers inside the ring. It is the effect of the moon Galatea that is causing the three arcs in the Adam's ring. The ring also has 42 wiggles, which are like waves 30 kilometers high. Scientists are able to use this information to work out the mass of the moon Galatea. .\nThe best photos that came back from Voyager 2 showed that there are clumps of particles in the rings, but no-one can tell whether they are made of fine dust, or if there may be bigger particles in the clumps as well. All of Neptune's rings have a lot of \"microscopic dust\" but particularly the arcs of the Adam's ring. They looked very bright in the photos that Voyager 2 took with the sun shining behind them.\n There is much more dust in the rings of Neptune than there is in the rings of Saturn.\nThe Adams ring is very red. The background particles that make up the ring look twice as bright near the three arcs as they do on the side of the ring that is opposite the arcs.\nArc dynamics.\nWith the arrival of the Hubble Space Telescope and adaptive optics ground-based telescopes the ring arcs have been re-examined several times, starting in July 1998.\n This has showed that they are amazingly active, changing a lot over only a few years: Fraternit\u00e9 and \u00c9galit\u00e9 have been exchanging material and changing their lengths noticeably. Even more dramatically, Libert\u00e9 appears to be fading away, being only 30% of its original 1989 brightness in 2003, and hardly visible in Hubble Space Telescope images from June 2005. In the meantime, it seems to have a split two-humped profile, and is now several degrees closer to the more stable \u00c9galit\u00e9. Courage, a very small and dim arc during the Voyager flyby, was seen to flare in brightness in 1998, while more recently it was back to its usual dimness but had advanced by an additional 8\u00b0 ahead of the other arcs. That is, it appears to have jumped over to the next stable corotation resonance position. There were also some suggestions that the ring arcs may have been normally fading away. Visible light observations show that the total amount of material in the arcs has remained about the same, but they are dimmer in the infra-red where previous observations were taken. This activity of the ring arcs is not currently understood.\nInner rings.\nIn addition to the outer Adams Ring, the other ring arrangements in the direction of Neptune's surface are:\nVoyager pictures appear to also suggest a wide disc of scattered material extending inside of the 50,000\u00a0km radius which surrounds the Galle ring, but is difficult to tell apart from Neptune's brightness, and for this reason its existence is uncertain.\nList of rings.\nThe rings are named after astronomers who made important discoveries to the study of Neptune.\nFour of Neptune's moons: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, and Galatea orbit inside the ring system."}
+{"id": "67827", "revid": "586", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67827", "title": "Igor Diakonov", "text": "Igor Mikhailovich Diakonov (December 30, 1914 (January 12, 1915), Petrograd \u2013 May 2, 1999, St Petersburg) was a Russian historian, linguist, and translator."}
+{"id": "67831", "revid": "11252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67831", "title": "Windows vista", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67832", "revid": "11252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67832", "title": "Windows xp", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67842", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67842", "title": "Baudouin I of Belgium", "text": "Baudouin I ( or ; 7 September 1930 \u2013 31 July 1993) was the King of the Belgians from 1951 to 1993. \nThe king was the oldest son of King Leopold III (1901-1983) and his first wife, Princess Astrid of Sweden (1905-1935). \nOn 15 December 1960, Baudouin was married in Brussels to Do\u00f1a Fabiola de Mora y Arag\u00f3n. The King and Queen had no children. All of the Queen's five pregnancies ended in miscarriage. Badouin died of heart failure. Having had no children, the crown passed on to his brother, Albert II of Belgium, following his death.\nDuring Baudouin's reign the colony of Belgian Congo became independent."}
+{"id": "67859", "revid": "3901", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67859", "title": "Subtropical storm", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67862", "revid": "4580", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67862", "title": "Ile-de-France", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67863", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67863", "title": "Alexandre Dumas, son", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67864", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67864", "title": "Core", "text": "Core generally is the heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince.\nCore could mean:\nIn media:\nIn science and academics:\nIn computers and technology:\nAcronyms:"}
+{"id": "67865", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67865", "title": "Mesocyclone", "text": "A mesocyclone is a vortex of air, about 2\u00a0to\u00a010\u00a0km in diameter (the mesoscale of meteorology), inside a convective storm.\nThat is, it is air that rises and rotates around a vertical axis, usually in the same direction as low pressure systems in a given hemisphere. They are most often cyclonic, that is, related with a localized low pressure area inside a severe thunderstorm. Such storms can create strong surface winds and a lot of hail. Mesocyclones often happen together with updrafts in supercells, where tornadoes may form. \nThe word mesocyclone originated around 1970\u201375; meso- + cyclone] This word is first recorded in the period 1970\u201375. meso- is a combining form meaning \u201cmiddle,\u201d used in the formation of compound words.\nMesocyclones are normally relatively very small in size; they lie between the synoptic scale (hundreds of kilometers) and small scale (hundreds of meters)."}
+{"id": "67868", "revid": "217159", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67868", "title": "Florida International University", "text": "Florida International University (FIU) is a public research university in Miami-Dade County, Florida, west of the Miami city limits in the United States. (The campus has a Miami mailing address.) The university is the largest university in South Florida and also the fifth-largest university in Florida, and the thirteenth-largest university in the country. FIU's programs in law, architecture and business are amongst its most well-ranked and most known programs. The mascot of FIU is a panther, named Roary, and students and fans of the university's athletic teams are often called \"Panthers\".\nOn March 15, 2018, a pedestrian bridge at the university collapsed and killed six people."}
+{"id": "67869", "revid": "498076", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67869", "title": "FIU", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67870", "revid": "498078", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67870", "title": "Florida international", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67872", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67872", "title": "Sash", "text": "A sash is of a cloth belt used to hold a robe together, and usually tied about the waist. The Japanese equivalent of a sash, called an \"obi\", serves to hold a kimono together. Decorative sashes may pass from the shoulder to the hip rather than around the waist. Sashes traditionally form part of formal military uniform and the royal attire.\nThe meaning \"strip of cloth worn about the waist or over the shoulder\" was first recorded in 1681. "}
+{"id": "67874", "revid": "1649829", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67874", "title": "Willow", "text": "Willows are a group of trees and shrubs which may be called sallows or osiers. Their Latin name is \"Salix\".\nWillows have many differences in size and type of growth, but are very much alike in other respects. There are about 350 species of this plant, usually found on moist soils in cooler zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Many hybrids are known, both naturally occurring and in cultivation, because willows are very fertile.\nWillows have watery bark sap, charged with salicylic acid (defence against herbivory). They have soft, usually pliant (bendy), tough wood, slender branches, and large, fibrous, often stoloniferous roots. The roots are remarkable for their toughness, size, and are hard to kill. Roots readily sprout from aerial parts of the plant.\nWillows are dioecious, with male and female flowers appearing as catkins on separate plants. The catkins are produced early in the spring, often before the leaves."}
+{"id": "67875", "revid": "1574589", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67875", "title": "Elegance", "text": "Elegance is an attribute. It means something is unusually effective and simple, or in other words; very useful and easy.\nExample.\nVisual stimuli are considered elegant if a small number of colors and stimuli are used. The color white is often associated with elegance, usually along with blue or black.\nUse.\nIt is often used as a standard of tastefulness or how likeable something is, mostly in fashion and decoration.\nCommon conceptions.\nSome associate elegance with simplicity of design. Others understand the word in an opulent light as in tasteful richness of design or ornamentation, like in \"the \"elegance\" of clothings.\""}
+{"id": "67876", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67876", "title": "Elegant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67877", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67877", "title": "Courtesan", "text": "A courtesan was often a high-class prostitute or mistress, especially one associated with rich, powerful, or noble men who gave \nluxuries and status in exchange for her services. In Renaissance Europe, courtesans had an important role in high class society, sometimes taking the place of wives at social roles requiring diplomacy. Courtesans usually enjoyed more freedom than was typical of women at the time. For example, they did not have money problems, and were more independent. Madame de Pompadour (1721\u20131764), the famous mistress and favorite of King Louis XV of France, was a courtesan. Courtesans also existed in many countries outside Europe, such as India and Japan."}
+{"id": "67878", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67878", "title": "Courtesans", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67879", "revid": "1386969", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67879", "title": "Jester", "text": " \nA jester, joker, fool, or buffoon, is a type of entertainer mostly (but not always) associated with the Middle Ages. Jesters typically wore brightly colored clothing. Their hats, sometimes called the \"cap \u2019n bells\" or \"cockscomb\", were special; made of cloth, they were floppy with three points (liliripes) each of which had a jingle bell at the end. \nThe three points of the hat represent the asses' ears and tail worn by jesters when they first appeared. Other typical things about the jester were his constant laughter and his mock scepter, known as a \"bauble\" or \"maharoof.\""}
+{"id": "67880", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67880", "title": "Joker", "text": "Joker may refer to:"}
+{"id": "67881", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67881", "title": "Buffoon", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67882", "revid": "687039", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67882", "title": "Bollocks", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67883", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67883", "title": "Fool", "text": "Fool can mean several different things:"}
+{"id": "67884", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67884", "title": "Etiquette", "text": "Etiquette, one aspect of decorum, is a code that rules how everyone is expected to behave, according to the social conventions and norms, in society, in a social class, or group. It is usually unwritten, but it may be put in written form. Because they are a product of the society's culture and history, the rules of etiquette are very different from time to time, and from one place and social group to another."}
+{"id": "67885", "revid": "1467751", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67885", "title": "Hairstyle", "text": "A hairstyle is the way hair is cut and styled. A haircut may be just practical, but a hairdo suggests professional styling. The fashioning of hair is an aspect of fashion, and cosmetics, especially for females. Practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence hairstyles.\nPeople in many cultures cut their hair, rather than letting it grow naturally. Hair styles are often used to signal cultural, social, and ethnic identity and can be used to show social status or get attention. \nGenerally, hairstyles are influenced by gender. Women's styles are often longer than men's. Fashion trends may have a great influence depending on the person.\nGalleria.\nThere is a great variety of hairstyles. This can best be explained by examples:"}
+{"id": "67886", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67886", "title": "Haircut", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67887", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67887", "title": "Hairdo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67888", "revid": "1475779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67888", "title": "Patronage", "text": "Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege and often financial aid given by a person or an organization. It can also refer to the business given by a regular customer, and the guardianship of saints.\nIn some countries the term is often used to describe the corrupt use of state money and goods to benefit groups, families, ethnicities or races in exchange for votes. These patronage systems are different depending on the area in which they are practiced.\nThe term comes from the Latin \"patronatus\"."}
+{"id": "67889", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67889", "title": "Patron", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67890", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67890", "title": "Patrons", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67893", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67893", "title": "Reputation", "text": "Reputation is the opinion of the public towards a person, a group of people, or an organization. It is an important factor in many fields, such as business, online communities or social status."}
+{"id": "67894", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67894", "title": "Appointment", "text": "Appointment can mean:"}
+{"id": "67895", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67895", "title": "Appointments", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67897", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67897", "title": "Lagunaria", "text": "Lagunaria is a garden plant famous for its colour."}
+{"id": "67899", "revid": "7440", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67899", "title": "Warwick Kerr", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67901", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67901", "title": "Warwick Estevam Kerr", "text": "Warwick Estevam Kerr (born September 9, 1922, Santana do Parna\u00edba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil- 15 September 2018) is a Brazilian engineer, geneticist, entomologist, and professor. He made many discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees. He is also responsible for the spread of africanized bees across the world. "}
+{"id": "67902", "revid": "7440", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67902", "title": "Entomologist", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67903", "revid": "36199", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67903", "title": "Indian national calendar", "text": "The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in India. It is used by the Gazette of India, news broadcasts by All India Radio, and in calendars and communications issued by the Government of India.\nCalendar structure.\nThe months in the first half of the year all have 31 days. This was done to take in account for the slower movement of the sun across the sky during that time.\nIn leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21. "}
+{"id": "67904", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67904", "title": "Crane (bird)", "text": "A crane is a type of tall wading birds from the family Gruidae (order Gruiformes). There are 15 species in 4 genera. The tallest is the sarus crane, \"Grus antigone\", which can grow to a height of up to 1.8\u00a0m (5.9\u00a0ft),\nCranes look a lot like herons but they are usually larger, and have a partly naked head, and a more heavy bill. When they are flying, their long neck is stretched out in front, and the legs trail out behind.\nThe earliest fossils of cranes were discovered in North America. Living forms are living everywhere all over the world except in Antarctica and South America. Many populations are endangered by hunting and habitat destruction.\nDescription.\nCranes are tall birds with long legs. Cranes are large birds, the world's tallest flying birds. They range in size from the demoiselle crane, which is 90 cm (35 in) in length, to the sarus crane, which may be up to 176 cm (69 in). The heaviest is the red-crowned crane, which can weigh 12 kg (26 lb) before migrating. They are usually brown, white, or gray in color. There are over 15 kinds of species of cranes. They look rather like herons. The whooping crane (\"Grus americana\") is the tallest American bird. Adults stand 5 feet tall and have a wingspan of up to 7 feet.\nLife.\nCranes are omnivores. They eat many kinds of plants, reptiles, small mammals, and other birds. The average life time of a crane is from 20 to 25 years. Cranes are highly social birds that live in large flocks. Some species of cranes are thought as holy in Asia, especially in Japan.\nReproduction.\nCranes usually build their nests in marshy areas and lay two eggs at a time. Cranes can make sounds that are heard from far away. Cranes dance special dances when they mate, and they include stepping quickly, high leaps, stretching, and bowing. Crane chicks grow very quickly and at two to four months, they develop their flight feathers. Cranes are very vocal. They use several different types of calls. They also communicate with their bodies.\nBehaviour.\nAll cranes are able to defend themselves quite well. They are mostly quite large, and peck, kick and batter opponents with their wings. They are territorial, and males will fight even more vigorously than usual at mating seasons. Zookeepers use acrylic riot shields to protect themselves against crane attacks.\nEvolution.\nCranes are an ancient type of wading bird. Their first definite fossils are in the Eocene epoch, The rails (family Rallidae) are their nearest relatives in the order Gruiformes. Most of the other groups in the Gruiformes are flightless birds. These lived in forests, and left little or no fossil record.\nThreatened.\nThe biggest threats to cranes are hunting and habitat destruction. Cranes need large habitats. All cranes are protected by international agreement."}
+{"id": "67905", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67905", "title": "Estimation", "text": "Estimation is the approximation of a result that one can use with information that is not clear or is incomplete. It is like making an educated, reasonable guess based on the information given.\nIf an estimate is more than the actual amount, then it is called an overestimate. If the estimate was less than the actual result, then it is called an underestimate. This is different from a prediction."}
+{"id": "67906", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67906", "title": "Fee", "text": "A fee is the price someone pays for services, especially the honorarium paid to a doctor, lawyer, consultant or member of a learned profession. Traditionally, a fee is different to a \"payment\", salary, or wage, because the fee usually is paid only once for the professional's services."}
+{"id": "67910", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67910", "title": "Maid", "text": "A maid, housemaid or, formerly, maidservant is a female employed as a domestic worker. Maids perform typical domestic chores such as cooking, ironing, washing, cleaning the house, grocery shopping, caring for pets, and taking care of children like a nanny. In many places in some poor countries, maids often take on the role of a nurse in taking care of the elderly and people with disabilities. Many maids are required by their employers to wear a uniform.\nIn June 2011, International Labour Organization has made its Convention No.189 for domestic workers including maids."}
+{"id": "67912", "revid": "373511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67912", "title": "Embroidery", "text": "Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or yarn using a needle. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. Sewing machines can be used to create machine embroidery.\nQualifications.\nCity and Guilds qualification in Embroidery allows embroiderers to become recognized for their skill. This qualification also gives them the credibility to teach. For example, the notable textiles artist, Kathleen Laurel Sage, began her teaching career by getting the City and Guilds Embroidery 1 and 2 qualifications. She has now gone on to write a book on the subject."}
+{"id": "67913", "revid": "1629609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67913", "title": "Style", "text": "Style may refer to:"}
+{"id": "67915", "revid": "1072068", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67915", "title": "Banquet", "text": "A banquet is a large public meal or feast, complete with main dishes and desserts. It usually serves a purpose, such as a ceremony, or a celebration. Sometimes a banquet is made only of desserts."}
+{"id": "67917", "revid": "572817", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67917", "title": "Eccentricity", "text": " \nEccentricity or extravagance is a word used to describe unusual behaviour in a person. People who have habits which many people think are very strange may be called eccentric. Eccentric behaviour is not necessarily good or bad in itself.\nSome clever people (geniuses) have behaviour which might be described as eccentric. It is not always clear whether behaviour is just eccentric or whether it is madness. \nFamous people who were eccentric in their different ways include Albert Einstein, Nero, Alan Turing, Howard Hughes, Ludwig II of Bavaria and Lord Berners."}
+{"id": "67918", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67918", "title": "Extravagance", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67919", "revid": "11487", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67919", "title": "Flag of Soviet Union", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67921", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67921", "title": "Kv\u011btinov", "text": "Kv\u011btinov is a small village in the Havl\u00ed\u010dk\u016fv Brod District, Vyso\u010dina Region of the Czech Republic. 243 people live there. It covers 7,08 km\u00b2. It was first documented in 1436."}
+{"id": "67922", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67922", "title": "\u00dasob\u00ed", "text": "\u00dasob\u00ed is a village in the Havl\u00ed\u010dk\u016fv Brod District, Vyso\u010dina Region of the Czech Republic. 707 people live in \u00dasob\u00ed. It covers 12.97 km\u00b2. It was first documented in 1307."}
+{"id": "67923", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67923", "title": "Zlin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67924", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67924", "title": "Gottwaldov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67925", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67925", "title": "Conversation", "text": "A conversation is two or more people talking about something. It is spontaneous, usually unplanned, though the people may have interests in common. \nConversations are one of the basic types of human communication. They can be about any subject, and do not necessarily have any fixed purpose. They allow people with different views of a topic to learn from each other. A conversation may be contrasted with formal presentations. A talk or speech, for example is an oral presentation by one person directed at a group. It is basically a one-way communication.\nConversations do not have to happen in person, they can happen over the telephone or on the Internet.\nBanter.\nBanter is short witty sentences that bounce back and forth between individuals. Often banter uses clever put-downs and witty insults. It can contain misunderstandings (often intentional), zippy wisecracks, zingers, flirtation, and puns. The idea is each line of banter should \"top\" the one before it. It is a verbal war of wit without any physical contact."}
+{"id": "67926", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67926", "title": "FK Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov", "text": "FK Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov is a football club in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1903 in the city of Prague. Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov won Czechoslovak championship in 1928 and won the National cup in 1994 and 2001."}
+{"id": "67927", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67927", "title": "Wit", "text": "Wit is a form of intellectual humour. A wit is someone skilled in making witty remarks. A witty remark is a smart observation, put with humor and said in the perfect moment. Forms of wit include: the quip and the repartee.\nWitty remarks may be intentionally cruel, and may be more ingenious than funny. \nA quip is an observation or saying that has some wit but perhaps descends into sarcasm, or otherwise is short of point; a witticism also suggests the diminutive. Repartee is the wit of the quick answer. (Wilde: \"I wish I'd said that.\" Whistler: \"You will, Oscar, you will\".)"}
+{"id": "67928", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67928", "title": "Witty", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67929", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67929", "title": "Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67930", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67930", "title": "Viktorka \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67931", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67931", "title": "TJ Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov PSO", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67932", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67932", "title": "TJ Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov Strojimport", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67933", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67933", "title": "Sportovni krou\u017eek Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67934", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67934", "title": "SK Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67935", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67935", "title": "Sokol \u010cSAD \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67936", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67936", "title": "TJ Slavoj \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67937", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67937", "title": "TJ Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67938", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67938", "title": "Sokol Viktoria \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67939", "revid": "9871012", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67939", "title": "Joss stick", "text": "Joss sticks are a type of incense. They are traditionally burned before an Asian religious image, idol, buddha statue, or shrine. But some joss stick burning rituals (and the prayers that come with it) do not need to be done in front of religious images. They can be burned before anything without limits; like in front of a door, or open window as an offering. In modern days, the burning of joss sticks can be used for any reason, like making the smell of a room better or lighting fireworks up."}
+{"id": "67940", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67940", "title": "Incense stick", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67941", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67941", "title": "AFK Union \u017di\u017ekov", "text": "AFK Union \u017di\u017ekov is a football club in the Czech Republic. It was founded in 1907 in the city of Prague."}
+{"id": "67943", "revid": "1466363", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67943", "title": "2004 Atlantic hurricane season", "text": "The 2004 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 2004. It lasted until November 30. These dates usually mark the beginning an the end of the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. However, the 2004 season went past these actual limits slightly. For example, Tropical Storm Otto formed on the last day of the season and lasted two days into December. The season was above average in activity. It had fifteen named storms and one of the highest Accumulated Cyclone Energy totals ever recorded. The most season included storms called: Hurricane Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne.\nStorms.\nHurricane Alex.\nHurricane Alex formed on July 31 off the coast of South Carolina. Alex quickly strengthened into a category 2. On August 3, Hurricane Alex came within 10 miles of North Carolina. Hurricane Alex turned northeast and dissipated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Because Hurricane Alex did not make landfall it only caused $2.4 million in damage and only 1 person was killed as a result of the hurricane.\nTropical Storm Bonnie.\nBonnie started as Tropical Depression Two while east of Barbados. Tropical Depression Two crossed the Windward Islands and died out shortly after. It became Tropical Depression Two again while it was south of Cuba. Tropical Storm Bonnie made landfall in the Florida Panhandle. Bonnie died out again after that. Bonnie left only about $1 million in damage and 4 deaths. \nFor the official forecasts, see:\nHurricane Charley.\nHurricane Charley was a strong hurricane that strengthened very fast. Charley also made landfall further south then he was supposed to. Charley left $16.5 billion in damage and 35 deaths. The damage caused by Charley made it the second costliest storm in U.S. history, only to Hurricane Andrew. This beaten by four other storms within 4 years, it was beaten by Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Wilma, then Hurricane Ike. That makes Charley the fifth costliest storm in U.S. history. \nFor the official forecasts, see the NHC's archive on Hurricane Charley.\nHurricane Danielle.\nDanielle was a category 2 hurricane of 2004. It started on August 13 in the far east Atlantic Ocean. The path took it over cooler waters, which caused Danielle to die on August 21.\nFor the official forecasts, see the NHC's archive on Hurricane Danielle.\nTropical Storm Earl.\nOn August 13 Tropical Depression Five formed. On August 14 it became Tropical Storm Earl. Tropical Storm Earl passed south of Grenada and became a tropical wave. It was no longer a tropical storm. Later on the remains became Hurricane Frank in the Pacific Ocean. See also 2004 Pacific hurricane season for information on Earl after it crossed oceans.\nHurricane Frances.\nFrances was one of the four hurricanes to have a major impact of the U.S. state of Florida. Frances made landfall near the same location Hurricane Jeanne would make landfall in about two weeks later. Frances caused about 101 tornadoes from Florida to Virginia. Frances killed 49 people and $12 billion in damage.\nHurricane Gaston.\nGaston started as Tropical Depression Seven on August 27. It strengthened into a tropical storm. Later on it strengthened into a hurricane very shortly before landfall in South Carolina on August 29. On August 30 it moved back into the Atlantic Ocean. Gaston died on September 1, after killing 9 people and causing $120 million in damage. \nTropical Storm Hermine.\nHermine started about 360 miles south of Bermuda. It moved west and became a tropical storm. Hermine moved quickly north and on August 31 made landfall in New Bedford, Massachusetts as a weak tropical storm. Hermine died on the same day after killing no one and causing little damage. \nHurricane Ivan.\nHurricane Ivan was the strongest hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm formed as a Cape Verde-type hurricane in early September, and became the ninth named storm, the sixth hurricane, and the fourth major hurricane of the year. Ivan reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the highest possible category and the only one of the season. At the time it was sixth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record.\nFor official forecasts see:\nTropical Depression Ten.\nTropical Depression Ten was the only depression of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Ten formed in the northeast Atlantic on September 7 and dissipated two days later, Tropical Depression Ten caused no affects to land.\nFor official forecasts, see the NHC's advisory archive on Tropical Depression Ten\nHurricane Jeanne.\nHurricane Jeanne was a deadly storm, especially to Haiti. The storm cause 3,035 deaths, about 3,006 were in Haiti alone. Hurricane Jeanne was also a costly hurricane. With $7 billion in damage makes it the 13th costliest hurricane in U.S. History. In Florida the hurricane made landfall in the same area as Hurricane Frances only two weeks before.\nFor official forecasts see:\nHurricane Karl.\nHurricane Karl was a strong category 4 that only affected the Faroe Islands. Karl formed in the middle of the Atlantic on September 16 as Tropical Depression Twelve. It became a tropical storm that same day. Two days later it became a hurricane and by September 21 it became a category 4 and soon reached it highest winds of 145\u00a0mph. It continued north weakening and then becoming extratropical on September 24.\nFor official forecasts see the NHC's public advisory archive on Hurricane Karl.\nHurricane Lisa.\nLisa was a category 1 hurricane, it remained weak for much of its early life. After almost 14 days it finally became a hurricane. Hurricane Lisa started on September 19 and died on October 3. \nFor official forecasts see the NHC's public advisory archive on Hurricane Lisa.\nTropical Storm Matthew.\nMatthew was a weak tropical storm. It started in the Gulf of Mexico on October 8. Tropical Storm Matthew made landfall in Louisiana on October 10, and died on the same day. The storm caused $300,000 in damage.\nFor official forecasts see: \nSubtropical Storm Nicole.\nSubtropical Storm Nicole was the only subtropical storm in 2004. Nicole formed on October 10 southwest of Bermuda. Subtropical Storm Nicole dissipated the next day. Nicole caused swells to the East Coast of The United States and almost 6\u00a0inches of rain in Bermuda.\nFor official forecasts, see the NHC's public advisory archive on Subtropical Storm Nicole.\nTropical Storm Otto.\nTropical Storm Otto formed late in the season of November 29 and on the same day, Tropical Storm Otto reached it's highest winds of 50\u00a0mph. Otto then dissipated on December 3.\nFor official forecasts, see the NHC's public advisory archive on Tropical Storm Otto.\nStorm names.\nThe list is the names that were set aside for the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Name that were not used are marked in .\nRetirement.\nIn the spring of 2005 four names were retired. They are Charley, Frances, Jeanne and Ivan. In 2010 they were replaced with Colin, Fiona, Igor, Julia."}
+{"id": "67944", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67944", "title": "FK Viktoria Zizkov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67946", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67946", "title": "Flirting", "text": "Flirting is a form of human behavior from one person toward another person, or between two people, usually showing a sexual or romantic interest in the other person. It can include conversation, body language (such as winking), or short physical contact. "}
+{"id": "67947", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67947", "title": "Flirt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67948", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67948", "title": "Trustworthiness", "text": "Trustworthiness or honesty is mainly a moral value. A trustworthy person is someone in whom we can place our trust and be sure that the trust will not be betrayed. Examples could be \nThe first example is moral. It depends on what we know about the person, their family and upbringing.\nThe second example is technical. We would need to know what kind of jobs the person had done before and, perhaps, what kind of training he had.\nIn order for one to trust another,their worth and integrity must be proven over time. That applies especially to the first (moral) case.\nTrustworthiness in technical matters may be identified by attributes such as reliability, dependability and qualifications."}
+{"id": "67949", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67949", "title": "Trustworthy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67951", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67951", "title": "Shamisen", "text": "The shamisen or samisen (Japanese: \u4e09\u5473\u7dda, literally \"three taste strings\"), also called sangen (literally \"three strings\") is a Japanese musical instrument with three strings, that is played with a big plectrum called a \"bachi\". The pronunciation in Japanese is usually \"shamisen\"."}
+{"id": "67952", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67952", "title": "Samisen", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67958", "revid": "1356527", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67958", "title": "Obi", "text": "Obi (\u5e2f, \u304a\u3073) is a Japanese word meaning \"belt\" or \"band\". Mostly, it is used to describe the types of sash worn with kimono and keikogi.\nObi are worn by both men and women. They can be very simple, made of one layer of lightweight fabric, or decorated heavily, made of stiff, woven material, embroidered and dyed with different designs.\nObi for men are less wide and shorter than obi for women. Men mostly wear \"kaku\" obi, but sometimes wear \"heko\" obi, which are made of much softer material. \"Heko\" obi are worn casually, but \"kaku\" obi can be worn casually and formally.\nObi for women are much wider and longer. Most women usually wear a \"nagoya\" obi, which is wider at one end. In summer, women wear \"hanhaba\" obi with \"yukata\". Formal obi for women can be woven from metallic yarns, covered in embroidery, or dyed in an elegant design.\nObi for women are usually the most expensive part of a kimono outfit. However, obi for men can be expensive as well. Expensive obi are usually made by very skilled artists. Some of these people are called National Living Treasures because they are so skilled.\nObi worn for practicing martial arts are a lot thinner and shorter than other kinds of obi. They come in different colours, and the colours show how skilled someone is in practicing martial arts. When someone becomes skilled enough, they wear a new colour of obi. Both men and women wear the same size and length of obi in martial arts, and they are not decorated with embroidery or dyes designs."}
+{"id": "67960", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67960", "title": "Nitrogen fixation", "text": "Nitrogen fixation is how nitrogen in the air (N2) is changed (converted) into ammonia () or other nitrogenous compounds in the soil.\nNitrogen fixation is essential to life because nitrogen compounds are needed for making all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.\nAtmospheric nitrogen is a relatively unreactive molecule. It is useless to all except a few bacteria and archaea. Biological nitrogen fixation converts into ammonia, which is used (metabolized) by most organisms.\nNitrogen is fixed in biological and non-biological ways:\nBiological.\nMicroorganisms that fix nitrogen (diazotrophs).\nCyanobacteria are in most environments on Earth. They play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Cyanobacteria use many sources of combined nitrogen, like nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, or some amino acids. \nSeveral cyanobacteria are also diazotrophs which can fix nitrogen from the air. This is an ability which may have been present in their last common ancestor in the Archaean. \nCyanobacteria in coral reefs can fix twice the amount of nitrogen than on land\u2014around 1.8\u00a0kg of nitrogen is fixed per hectare per day. The colonial marine cyanobacterium \"Trichodesmium\" may fix nitrogen on such a scale that it accounts for almost half of the nitrogen-fixation in marine systems on a global scale.\nRoot nodule symbioses.\nLegume family.\nPlants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family\u00a0\u2013 Fabaceae\u00a0\u2013 with taxa such as kudzu, clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, peanuts, and rooibos. They have symbiotic bacteria called \"Rhizobia\" in nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with other plants. When the plant dies, the fixed \nnitrogen is released, making it available to other plants and this helps to fertilize the soil. Most legumes have this association, but a few genera (e.g., \"Styphnolobium\") do not. In traditional farming practice, fields are rotated through various types of crops, which usually includes one consisting mainly or entirely of clover or buckwheat (non-legume family \"Polygonaceae\"), which are often referred to as \"green manure\".\nNon-leguminous.\nAlthough most plants able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules are in the legume family Fabaceae, there are a few exceptions:\nAll these families belong to the orders Cucurbitales, Fagales, and Rosales, which together with the Fabales form a clade. In this clade, Fabales were the first lineage to branch off; thus, the ability to fix nitrogen was lost in most descendants of the original nitrogen-fixing plant. \nBiological nitrogen fixation was discovered by Hermann Hellnegel (18311895) and Martinus Beijerinck (18511931)."}
+{"id": "67961", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67961", "title": "TJ Union \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67962", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67962", "title": "ASK Union \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67963", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67963", "title": "Sokol Union \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67964", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67964", "title": "TJ Dynamo \u017di\u017ekov Spoje", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67965", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67965", "title": "TJ Spoje \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67966", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67966", "title": "ZSJ Po\u0161ta \u017di\u017ekov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67968", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67968", "title": "Britsk\u00e9 listy", "text": "Britsk\u00e9 listy is an Internet cultural and political daily published in the Czech Republic. It specialises in critical analysis of Czech politics; some Czech commentators consider this as \"left-wing views\". It is editorially open and will publish stimulating pieces by authors from any part of the political spectrum"}
+{"id": "67969", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67969", "title": "Britske listy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67970", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67970", "title": "ZSJ Posta Zizkov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67971", "revid": "1268418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67971", "title": "Nitrogen cycle", "text": "The nitrogen cycle is the way that nitrogen in nature is changed into many different forms that are used by living organism[s]. \nAir is about 78% nitrogen. Nitrogen chemicals are needed for life. Nitrogen is a necessary part of proteins, DNA, and RNA. In plants, nitrogen is needed for photosynthesis and growth. However, living things cannot use the elemental nitrogen in the air for these things. Nitrogen fixation is needed to change the nitrogen in air (N2) into forms that can be used by life. Most nitrogen fixation is done by microorganisms called bacteria. These bacteria have an enzyme that combines N2 with hydrogen gas (H2) to make ammonia (NH3). \nSome of these bacteria live in the roots of plants (mostly legumes). In these roots, they make ammonia for the plant and the plant gives them carbohydrates. Other plants take nitrogen compounds out of the soil through their roots. All nitrogen in animals comes from eating plants.\nAmmonium (NH4) in soil is made by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers, bacteria and fungi that break down dead life into its parts. This process is called \"ammonification\". Ammonium has a positive charge. It easily joins to clay and humus in the soil. Ammonia and ammonium are poisonous to fish and other animals. Sewage and other waste-water is regularly measured because of this. If ammonia levels are too high, \"nitrification\" must happen. \nNitrification is the oxidation of ammonia and ammonium to nitrite (NO2\u2212) and then to nitrate (NO3\u2212) by bacteria. Because nitrite and nitrate have a negative charge they do not easily join to soil and will wash out of the soil during rain and irrigation. High nitrate levels in drinking water are harmful for babies and can cause blue-baby syndrome. High nitrate levels can also cause too much algae growth in lakes and pools. This eutrophication can be harmful to fish and other water animals. The use of fertilizers is controlled because of this. \nWhere there is no oxygen, some bacteria will make nitrate into nitrogen gas (N2) to extract energy. This starts the nitrogen cycle over again. This process is called \"denitrification\"."}
+{"id": "67972", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67972", "title": "Slavnic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67973", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67973", "title": "Usobi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67974", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67974", "title": "Vaclav Klaus", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67975", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67975", "title": "Antonin Klimek", "text": ""}
+{"id": "67980", "revid": "9507795", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67980", "title": "Moscow State University", "text": "Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; ), also known as Moscow State University, is the largest and oldest university in Russia. It was made in 1755 and is in Moscow. It was made by Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov. It is named after Lomonosov.\nThe university building is an example of Stalinist architecture. In total, there are seven such towers around Moscow. The tower at the university is the largest one. The tower was designed by architect Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev. It was built after the war. He was awarded the Stalin Prize for its construction, in 1949. The building was the largest skyscraper outside New York for a long time. It was the tallest buildimg in Europe, until 1988. The central tower is 240m high. It has 36-stories. It is flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometers of corridors and 5,000 rooms. Facilities that are inside the building include a concert hall, a theatre, a museum, various administration services, a library, a swimming pool, a police station, a post office, a laundry, a hairdresser's salon, a canteen, bank offices, shops, cafeterias, and a bomb shelter. Along with the university administration, four of the main faculties - Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Geology, the Faculty of Geography, and the Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts - now are in the Main building. The star on the top of the tower is large enough so that it has a small room and a viewing platform; it weighs 12 tons. The building's facades are decorated with giant clocks, barometers, and thermometers, statues, carved wheat sheaves, and Soviet crests (recently renovated). It stands before a terrace featuring statues of male and female students gazing optimistically and confidently into the future."}
+{"id": "67986", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67986", "title": "Boarding school", "text": "A boarding school is a school where students live and sleep. Some boarding schools have day students who go home at the end of the school day. If the school costs money, they don't have to pay as much money. A person who stays at a boarding school is called a \"boarder\". In the UK 1% of children go to boarding schools and 13% of private school pupils are boarders. Most boarding schools are private. This means that as well as having to pay to sleep there, students have to pay for their education. \nIn Ghana most secondary schools are boarding.\nFamous private boarding schools include Eton College, Rugby School and Harrow School in the United Kingdom, Phillips Exeter Academy in the United States and Cornway College in Zimbabwe.\nThere are therapeutic boarding schools which offer treatment for psychological difficulties. Special needs education for children are catered for in some boarding schools. Some boarding schools offer 'democratic education', such as Summerhill School (where pupils make many of the decisions). Others are determinedly international, such as the United World Colleges. Military schools or academies provide discipline and may offer a way into military service. Gordonstoun in Scotland is a co-educational school for both day and boarding pupils.\nSome famous novels use boarding schools as their setting. Examples include the\" Harry Potter\" series by J.K. Rowling;\" A Little Princess\" by Frances Hodgson Burnett; \"The Catcher in the Rye \"by J.D. Salinger;\" the Malory Towers, St. Clare's \"and \"The Naughtiest Girl \"series\" \"by Enid Blyton; and \"Nicholas Nickleby \"by Charles Dickens. "}
+{"id": "67987", "revid": "744335", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67987", "title": "Sacha Baron Cohen", "text": "Sacha Noam Baron Cohen (born 13 October 1971) is an English comedian, writer and actor. He was born in Hammersmith in London.\nIn 2021, Cohen was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Abbie Hoffman in \"The Trial of the Chicago 7\".\nCareer.\nHe made a television series called Da Ali G Show, in the series he had three characters:\nHe also made a movie about the character Borat called \"\". This movie made Cohen an international celebrity.\nIn 2009 he made a movie about Bruno called \"Br\u00fcno\". The movie about Borat made about $26.4 million in its debut.\nIn 2012 Cohen played Th\u00e9nardier in \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\".\nIn 2012, Cohen made a movie called \"The Dictator\" in which he played Admiral General Aladeen.\nPersonal life.\nCohen became engaged to Isla Fisher in 2004. The couple married in 2010. They have two daughters and a son. Cohen is Jewish."}
+{"id": "67988", "revid": "1415823", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67988", "title": "Utrecht (province)", "text": "Utrecht (officially \"Province of Utrecht\") is a province in the Netherlands. It is found near the centre of the country. Utrecht is the smallest province by size in the Netherlands. About 1,388,000 people are living in Utrecht (2023).\nIts capital is also called Utrecht, it is the city of Utrecht."}
+{"id": "67989", "revid": "9697271", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67989", "title": "George II of Great Britain", "text": "George II (George Augustus, 10 November 1683 \u2013 25 October 1760) was a British king. He was born in Germany. He was the last British monarch born outside of Great Britain. New British law in the early 1700s allowed that only his father's mother, Sophia of Hanover, and her Protestant children to inherit the British throne. After the deaths of George's grandmother and Queen Anne of Great Britain in 1714, George's father became king of Great Britain as George I. \nHe became King of Great Britain and King of Ireland in 1727 after the death of his father. He was also Elector of Hanover. His son, Frederick, Prince of Wales died before him, so Frederick\u2019s son became George III of Great Britain.\nGeorge II died of heart problems on the toilet on 25 October 1760. His body was buried on 11 November in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Caroline of Ansbach"}
+{"id": "67991", "revid": "1661279", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67991", "title": "Mandy Moore", "text": "Amanda Leigh Moore, known as Mandy Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American actress and pop singer-songwriter. She was born in Nashua, New Hampshire and grew up in Longwood, Florida, outside of Orlando. She has been active since the late 1990s. She is known for the voice of Sheriff Callie in \"Sheriff Callie's Wild West\", Bingo in \"Rivit Monsters\", Polana in \"\" and \"Trolls: TrollsTopia\" and Courtney in the \"Family Guy\" episode \"No Giggity, No Doubt\", Rapunzel in Sofia the First and , Mara in , Tabitha Vixx in The Simpsons. \nMoore is also a cast member of the 2016 American dramedy series \"This Is Us\".\nAnd she's also the Theme song singer of: \"Sheriff Callie's Wild West\".\nDiscography.\nStudio albums"}
+{"id": "67998", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67998", "title": "Oiran", "text": " were courtesans in Japan. Oiran were part of Japanese society during the Edo period, (1600\u20131868). Prostitution was legal then, but only in special neighborhoods that were closed to outsiders. There were different kinds of oiran, depending on their beauty, skills in art, education, and more. High-ranking oiran were called . Only nobles could be with one. Tay\u016b had many servants, and when they went outside, their servants carried them and followed them, making a procession. They wore very expensive clothes and jewelry. Any man who wished to be with an oiran had to follow difficult rituals and etiquette.\nGeisha replaced oiran. Geisha practiced common types of entertainment enjoyed by the people of that time. They became more popular than oiran. The last known oiran was in 1761. A few women still practice the arts of the oiran today (without sex) to continue the cultural heritage."}
+{"id": "67999", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67999", "title": "Ry\u014dtei", "text": "A is a type of very expensive and elegant Japanese restaurant. Traditionally they only accept new customers who are recommended by known and trusted clients. They usually include entertainment by geisha, but not always in modern times. Ry\u014dtei are usually a place where very important business or political meetings can take place in private."}
+{"id": "68000", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68000", "title": "Ryotei", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68001", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68001", "title": "Mock", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68002", "revid": "1566408", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68002", "title": "Philharmonia", "text": "The Philharmonia is an orchestra from London.\nHistory.\nThe orchestra was formed in 1945 by Walter Legge. Legge was not a conductor, but he was a man who organized a lot of music, especially recordings. The orchestra spent most of their time making gramophone recordings, but sometimes they also gave concerts. The conductor Thomas Beecham led their first concert in 1946, but Beecham had always organized his own orchestras and he wanted to organize this one. He even wanted to change the orchestra\u2019s name. The players decided that they did not want Beecham as their conductor. Beecham went on to form another orchestra which he called the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra.\nIn the first years of the Philharmonia they were conducted by several world-famous conductors, including Arturo Toscanini, Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler and, especially, Herbert von Karajan. Karajan helped the orchestra to become one of the finest in the world, and he made many recordings with them, including all the Beethoven symphonies.\nIn 1954 Karajan left to conduct the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Legge found another world-famous conductor, Otto Klemperer. Although he was already quite old, Klemperer made many excellent recordings with the orchestra. In 1959 the orchestra gave Klemperer the title of Music Director for the rest of his life.\nIn 1964 Legge thought the orchestra had done enough recordings and he was going to bring it to an end. Both the orchestra and Klemperer wanted it to continue, so the orchestra made their own organizing body (like other London orchestras) and they continued, calling themselves by a new name: the \"New Philharmonia Orchestra\". They gave their first concert under their new name on 27 October 1964. It was a performance of Beethoven's \"Symphony No. 9\", conducted by Klemperer.\nThe orchestra gave many more concerts after it became self-governing than it had when Legge had been organizing them. Continuing as the New Philharmonia Orchestra, it got its old name \u201cPhilharmonia Orchestra\u201d back again in 1977, and has been known by that name ever since.\nKlemperer retired from conducting in 1971, but was officially still its principal conductor until his death in 1973. Since then the orchestra has been conducted by Lorin Maazel, Riccardo Muti, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Christoph von Dohn\u00e1nyi and Esa-Pekka Salonen who has conducted them since 2008.\nConcerts Today.\nToday, the orchestra continues to give many concerts, travelling around Britain as well as abroad. Since 1995 they have been based in the Royal Festival Hall in London. They also give regular concerts at De Montfort Hall, Leicester and the Corn Exchange, Bedford. Abroad they often play in the Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du Ch\u00e2telet in Paris and the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam.\nRecordings.\nThe Philharmonia has made more than one thousand recordings. It has also been heard on the soundtracks of many films, including such classics as Laurence Olivier's 1944 film version of Shakespeare's \"Henry V\", and David Lean's film version of \"Oliver Twist\" (1948)."}
+{"id": "68003", "revid": "36199", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68003", "title": "Symphony No.9 (Beethoven)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68004", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68004", "title": "New Philharmonia Orchestra", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68005", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68005", "title": "Philharmonia Orchestra", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68006", "revid": "1188603", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68006", "title": "Taiko", "text": " means simply \"drum\" in Japanese. Outside Japan, the word is used to refer to any of the different kinds of Japanese drums (, \"wadaiko\", \"Japanese drum\" in Japanese) and to the more or less new art of taiko drumming bands (sometimes better called, \"kumi-daiko\", ). The taiko drum originated in the country of Japan. This drum was created by Daihachi Oguchi in 1951. The taiko drum makes a very loud, deep sound.\nIn a traditional Japanese village the \"odaiko\" (big drum) defined the extent of the village land. In modern Japan, wadaiko has become more of a performance art, seen only during festivals or in concert. The most famous Wadaiko performance group are 'Kodo' (meaning heart-beat). They are not only the worlds most respected Japanese drumming group, they also maintain many traditional art forms. They group lives on the island 'Sado Higashima' and live together as a community in a traditional way. Many other cultures have adopted this style of drumming, from Germany and the United States to Australia."}
+{"id": "68008", "revid": "663032", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68008", "title": "Kitagawa Utamaro", "text": "Kitagawa Utamaro (; \u00a0\u2013 31 October 1806), also called Utamaro, was a Japanese artist. He was a master of the ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.\nCareer.\nUtamaro is known for his studies of women (\"bijinga\"). He also made nature studies. \nHis work was popular in Europe. He influenced artists in Europe who were called Impressionists."}
+{"id": "68009", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68009", "title": "Hanamachi", "text": "A hanamachi (\u82b1\u8857) is a Japanese word used to call a neighborhood where courtesans and geisha lived and worked. The word's literal meaning is \"flower town\". These neighborhoods used to have many \"okiya\" (\"geisha houses\") and \"ochaya\" (\"tea houses\", where geishas entertained guests). The term \"hanamachi\" is used in modern Japan to call the areas where modern-day geisha are still living and working. Today, \"hanamachi\" are rare outside of Kyoto."}
+{"id": "68010", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68010", "title": "Japanese traditional dance", "text": "There are two types of Japanese traditional dance: \"Odori\", which was created in the Edo period; and \"Mai\", which was created in the western part of Japan. Odori came from \"Kabuki\" drama, where it is danced by men. Mai derives from \"Noh\" drama, also danced by men. Today it is usually danced by female dancers, and is mostly done in houses, instead of on stage.\nA type of the Mai style of Japanese dance is the \"Kyomai\" or Kyoto style dance. Kyomai was created in the 17th century Tokugawa cultural period. Noh drama, music and dance was heavily influenced by the elegance of the manners of the Japanese Imperial Court. Kabuki drama, and hence Odori, was a more democratic form, but still (viewed with modern eyes) quite traditional."}
+{"id": "68011", "revid": "9174070", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68011", "title": "Parkour", "text": "Parkour is an activity in which the goal is to move from one place to another as quickly and efficiently as possible, using the abilities of the human body. Parkour helps to overcome barriers, and is practiced in rural and urban areas. Parkour practitioners are called \"traceurs\", or \"traceuses\" for females.\nFounded by David Belle in France, practitioners only use efficient movements to develop their bodies and minds, and to be able to overcome barriers in an emergency. It may also be a form of entertainment or a hobby.\nAcrobatics (such as flips and wall flips) are not part of parkour, because of inefficiency in a difficult situation (emergency). Freerunning is the branch of parkour, when such flips are used rather than efficient movement.\nIn 1988, David Belle was 15 years old. His father Raymond Belle was a great fireman. David was influenced by his father. He left school at the age of 16 and his father helped him to make him stronger. David and his classmates began to create new actions to train themselves. They named it parkour. \nThe basic motion of parkour\n1. Landing\n2. Roll\n3. Rolling\n4. Swan dive\n5. Balance\n6. Cat balance\n7. Precision one foot take off\n8. Precision 2 footed take off\n9. Dismount\n10. Turn vault\n11. Wall run\n12. Tic tac\n13. Tic tac to precision\n14. Crane\n15. Moonstep\n16. Catleap\n17. 180% cat\u3000\u3000\n18. Running cat\u3000\u3000\n19. Tic tac to cat\n20. Monkey vault\n21. Kingkong vault\u3000\u3000\n22. Double kingkong\n23. Diving kingkong\n24. Kong precision\n25. Kingkong cat\u3000\u3000\n26. Dash vault\n27. Kingkong dash\n28. Lazy vault\n29. Speed vault\n30. Underbar\n31. Lache\n32. Hand stand\n33. Flag\n34.Palmspin\u3000\u3000\n35. Wall spin\n36. Aerial\u3002\n37. Sideflip\n38. Backflip\n39. Frontflip\n40. Star Jumping\nParkour does involve risks but usually the public tends to overestimate those. Football, as well as quite a lot of other sports as well, has a higher injury rate."}
+{"id": "68013", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68013", "title": "Kvetinov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68016", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68016", "title": "Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne Song)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68020", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68020", "title": "Shakuhachi", "text": "The is a Japanese flute which is played vertically (up-down) like a recorder, instead of horizontally (from side to side) like the Western transverse flute. Its name means \"1.8 foot\", its size. It is traditionally made of bamboo, but ones made of wood or plastic exist today. It was used by the monks of Zen Buddhism in the practice of \"suizen\" (blowing meditation)."}
+{"id": "68024", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68024", "title": "Youtube", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68025", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68025", "title": "You tube", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68026", "revid": "800106", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68026", "title": "Christian movements", "text": "Christian movements are different religious, political and philosophical ideas of Christianity that means Christians belonging to one movement have a small difference in beliefs than a person from a different movement. Liberal Christianity and Evangelicalism are examples of different Christian movements."}
+{"id": "68048", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68048", "title": "Li Guang", "text": "Li Guang (; ? \u2013 119 BC) born in Tianshui, Gansu, China, was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty. His father, Li Xin, was a great military leader. Li Guang became a soldier when he was young. As Li Guang fought bravely in the battlefields, he was soon promoted to a general. He killed himself in the year 119 BC.\nAchievements.\nLi Guang, renowned for his leadership during the Western Han dynasty, was a stalwart military commander whose loyalty to his subordinates was unwavering. During the reign of Emperor Jing (157-141 BCE), Li Guang's merit ascended steadily. He rose to prominence as Commander-in-chief of Longxi, assuming the mantle of leadership as the head of the gentlemen of cavalry and Commandant of the imperial guard. Successively, he governed various commanderies as their appointed governor, showcasing his administrative prowess and dedication to imperial service. He fought mainly against the Xiongnu people which were located \u00a0to the north of Han China.\nUnder the reign of Emperor Wu (141-87 BCE), Li Guang's influence continued to burgeon. He was appointed Chamberlain for the Palace Garrison, entrusted with the safeguarding of the imperial residence. His military acumen led to his elevation as General of the imperial guard, a position of paramount importance in ensuring the security of the realm. Additionally, he assumed the mantle of governorship over Youbeiping, a strategic border region crucial for maintaining stability in the vicinity of modern Beijing. Through these appointments, Li Guang's legacy as a trusted guardian of the Han dynasty flourished. Through trials and triumphs, he stood by his soldiers, earning their respect and camaraderie. His prowess in archery was unmatched, a skill that bolstered his reputation and secured victories on the battlefield. His bravery and strategic acumen made him a formidable opponent, striking fear into the hearts of Hun adversaries who dubbed him the \"Flying General.\"\nDespite his military successes, Li Guang found himself marginalized by the court's bureaucrats, his contributions often overlooked or overshadowed. This neglect and disillusionment weighed heavily upon him, ultimately leading to his demise amidst a tide of sorrow and regret."}
+{"id": "68054", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68054", "title": "Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", "text": "The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea is a London borough, west of central London. Notting Hill is in North Kensington.\nThe borough includes several districts in the west of London; before 1965 the two boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea were separately administered."}
+{"id": "68055", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68055", "title": "London Borough of Enfield", "text": "The London Borough of Enfield is the northernmost London borough. It is controlled by the Labour party. It is an area with people from many countries and cultures in it."}
+{"id": "68056", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68056", "title": "List of English districts by area", "text": "This is a list of districts of England by size. The biggest are first and smallest are at the end."}
+{"id": "68061", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68061", "title": "Huo Qubing", "text": "Huo Qubing (; 140 BC - 117 BC) was a Chinese general of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was very good at shooting with his bow on a horse. When he was 18, he was ordered to attack the Xiongnu with 800 cavalry. Finally, his troops killed about 2,000 enemies and kidnapped the imperial officials.\nIn the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu ordered Huo Qubing to invade the Xiongnu with 10,000 cavalry. He occupied 5 cities within 6 days and finally killed 8,000 enemies. In order to fairly eliminate the main force of the Xiongnu, Huo Qubing and Wei Qing led 100,000 cavalry and fought with their enemies in the desert in the spring of 119 BC. Huo Qubing died in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an), the capital of the Han Dynasty, when he was 24."}
+{"id": "68062", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68062", "title": "Kali Yuga", "text": "In Hinduism, Kali Yuga (Devan\u0101gar\u012b: , lit. \"Age of Kali\", \"age of vice\"), is one of the four stages or yugas that the world goes through. Traditionally, most Hindus believe that the Kali Yuga is 432,000 years long. Kali Yuga, in Punjabi known as Kalyug, is also recognized and stated in Sikhism."}
+{"id": "68068", "revid": "1427313", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68068", "title": "Squash (plant)", "text": "Squashes are a kind of vegetable. They are originally from the Americas. Gourds are in the same family as squashes. Pumpkins and zucchini (courgette) are types of squashes. Although squash is a fruit according to its botanical classification, it is generally considered a vegetable in food preparation. A squash can grow up to fifteen feet tall.\nWord origin.\nThe English word \"squash\" comes from askutasquash (which means \"a green thing eaten raw\"). This is a word from the Narragansett language, which was documented by Roger Williams in his 1643 publication \"A Key Into the Language of America\". There are similar words for squash in related languages of the Algonquian family such as Massachusett.\nSquash and art.\nThe squash has been an important crop in the Andes mountains since the pre-Columbian Era. The Moche culture from Northern Peru made ceramics from earth, water, and fire. This pottery was used to represent important themes. Squash are a popular shape in Moche ceramics."}
+{"id": "68069", "revid": "595018", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68069", "title": "Squash", "text": "Squash may refer to: "}
+{"id": "68070", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68070", "title": "Squash (fruit)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68071", "revid": "9114716", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68071", "title": "Nelumbo", "text": "Nelumbo is a genus of water plants which are also known as lotus. Lotus flowers are large \u2013 up to 20\u00a0cm (8 inches) across \u2013 and they smell sweet.\nThe Sacred lotus of Asia has pink flowers. The American lotus has yellow flowers.\nIn India the lotus is considered a symbol of purity\nThe lotus flowers grow over the water. Lotus leaves often float on top of the water. The roots of lotus plants are in the mud (wet dirt) under the water. Every part of every plant must have air for respiration (breathing). Air spaces in the stems and roots make the lotus able to live and respire under water.\nPeople can eat lotus roots and seeds. Cattle (cows) like to eat the leaves and flowers.\nLotuses look rather like water lilies from the Nymphaeaceae family. It is the \"National flower\" of both India and Vietnam and also the \"Provincial flower\" of Sindh province, Pakistan. "}
+{"id": "68075", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68075", "title": "Nymphaeaceae", "text": "In botany, Nymphaeaceae is the name of a family of plants which grow in water. The family is also called \"water-lily family\".\nTheir flowers suggest they are one of the earliest groups of angiosperms. Modern genetic analyses by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group researchers has confirmed its basal position among flowering plants. \nAlso, the Nymphaeaceae are more diverse and wdespread than other basal angiosperms. Nymphaeaceae is in the order Nymphaeales. According to the most widely accepted flowering plant classification system, this is the second diverging group of angiosperms after \"Amborella\"."}
+{"id": "68077", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68077", "title": "Water Lily", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68079", "revid": "1685581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68079", "title": "Ugly Betty", "text": "Ugly Betty is a Golden Globe- and Peabody Award-winning American comedy-drama television series. It stars America Ferrera, Vanessa Williams, and Eric Mabius. It premiered on September 28, 2006, on ABC in the United States. The series follows the life of Betty Suarez (Ferrera), and her incongruous job at the ultra-chic New York City fashion magazine \"Mode\". Betty's status as a \"fish out of water\" drives much of the plot. Ugly Betty ended on April 14, 2010 after low ratings during season 4.\nSeasons.\nUSA TV ratings\nBased on average total viewers per episode of \"Ugly Betty\" on ABC:\nIn popular culture.\nSince the show's debut, the main characters have become the latest fixures in the lexicon of pop media culture. They have already had parodies, news media stories and art-imitating-life situations, as well as recognition from the United States Congress itself."}
+{"id": "68080", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68080", "title": "Shinto shrine", "text": "A Shinto shrine is a sacred place or site where people worship in the Shinto religion. Many Shinto shrines have buildings, gates, and natural areas such as forests and rivers around them. The usual Japanese word for a Shinto shrine is ."}
+{"id": "68081", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68081", "title": "Jinja", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68082", "revid": "1650850", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68082", "title": "Miko", "text": " are women in the service of Shinto shrines. The translation of \"Miko\" is \"Woman of God\" (chosen by, or totally devoted to, the gods), but the closest meaning is \"shrine maiden\". In Shinto, there are priestesses; but Miko are not priestesses, because they have less authority. However, they can act as priestesses if needed. They usually help Shintoist priests."}
+{"id": "68084", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68084", "title": "Mineko Iwasaki", "text": ", born Masako Tanaka on November 2, 1949 in Kyoto, was Japan's number one \"geiko\" (geisha) until she retired at the age of 29. She entertained many important people when they visited Japan, like Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles. She retired because she was tired of the profession, and wanted to start a family.\nAuthor Arthur Golden did an interview to her and used her as inspiration for his book \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", that was later made a movie. Iwasaki later said that the book was full of lies, and that nothing that Golden said ever happened to her. She put a lawsuit against Golden for this, and they solved it out of court in 2003. After the publication of \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", Iwasaki wrote her autobiography, \"Geisha, A Life\"."}
+{"id": "68085", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68085", "title": "Iwasaki Mineko", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68086", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68086", "title": "Masako Tanaka", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68087", "revid": "1142876", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68087", "title": "List of English districts by population", "text": "This is a list of districts in England by population. The districts at the top have the biggest population and the districts at the bottom have a smaller number of people."}
+{"id": "68088", "revid": "499765", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68088", "title": "Stepmother", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68091", "revid": "1663585", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68091", "title": "Libra (astrology)", "text": "Libra is an astrological sign, related to the constellation Libra, in the Southern Hemisphere near Scorpius and Virgo. In the tropical zodiac, the Sun meets Libra from September 23 to October 23, and in the sidereal zodiac, it ends on November 15. Libra, (The Scales of Balance), is the only symbol of the zodiac that is inanimate (it is not represented by an animal or person). The opposite sign to Libra is Aries.\nThe corresponding month in the Babylonian calendar is \"Ti\u0161ritum\", made for Shamash (the Sun).\nSymbol.\nLibra's symbol, like the scales, is the only symbol in the zodiac that is not represented by an animal or person.\nMythology.\nIn mythology a Libra is related to the Greek Goddess of love, Aphrodite, the Greek mythology \nLibra is also related to the Greco-Roman goddess Aphrodite/Venus and sometimes also the goddesses Eris/Discordia & Harmonia/Concordia,Dike, Themis, Hera/Juno, Ishtar, Freyja, Persephone, Frigg and Forsetti the god Xolotl.\nReferences.\n[[Category:Western astrological signs]]"}
+{"id": "68094", "revid": "1547125", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68094", "title": "Matsya", "text": "Hindus believe that the Matsya was the first important avatar of Vishnu in Dashavatar.\nAs the Matsya avatar, Vishnu took the form of a big fish. Sometimes, it is said that he took the form of a half-man and half-fish. There is a story about this in Hindu scriptures. The story tells about a demon (an asura). That asura was very wicked. He snatched the Vedas, the holy books of the Hindus, and went deep inside the sea. At this point, Vishnu changed his form. He became a \"matsya\", that is, a fish. He entered the sea and brought back the Vedas. He gave the Vedas to Manu. The Hindu scriptures say that Manu was the first man in the world. He may be compared with Noah or Adam."}
+{"id": "68095", "revid": "1547125", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68095", "title": "Kurma", "text": "Kurma is an avatar in the Hindu religion. Hindus believe that Vishnu, an important god of Hinduism, had several forms, or avatars, and the second important avatar is called the Kurma avatar. In this avatar, Vishnu took the form of a kurma to help the devtas and asuras to churn the Kshira Sagara, to gain amrita. This avatar took the Mount Mandaar on his back and helped the mount to churn the ocean. Kurma is a Sanskrit language word that means a tortoise. As a kurma, Vishnu is the symbol of strength and stability."}
+{"id": "68096", "revid": "10222252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68096", "title": "Varaha", "text": "Hindus know that Vishnu had taken many important avataras, and the Varaha avatara was the third avatara of Vishnu in Dashavatara. In this avatara, Vishnu took the form of a wild boar, Varaha is a Sanskrit language word that means a wild boar. The Hindu scriptures tell a story about this avatara. There was a daitya (a demon) named Hiranyaksha. He threw the Earth (called Prithvi by the Hindus) into the waters of the primordial ocean. The Earth was about to sink in the primodial ocean. At this point, Vishnu took the form of a wild boar. He entered the primordial ocean and carried the Earth on its body and brought the earth safely to where it should be in the Solar System and killed Hiranyaksha by stabbing him to death with his tusks and breaking his chest with his mace. Thus, Vishnu as a boar named Varaha saved the Earth from being destroyed to rubble in the primordial ocean by killing Hiranyaksha by stabbing him to death with his tusks and breaking his chest with his mace. "}
+{"id": "68097", "revid": "9947320", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68097", "title": "Prithvi", "text": "Prithvi is the name for the goddess of the Earth in Hinduism.\nThe goddess Prithvi is also called Vasundhara, Dharti, Bhumi. "}
+{"id": "68098", "revid": "1495229", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68098", "title": "Daitya", "text": "A Daitya, according to Hinduism, is a type of giant that fought against the gods."}
+{"id": "68099", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68099", "title": "Manu (Hinduism)", "text": "Manu is a term found in Hinduism. \nIt has various meanings in different mythologies. In early texts, it refers to the archetypal man, or to the first man on Earth."}
+{"id": "68100", "revid": "131511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68100", "title": "Wild boar", "text": "The wild boar (\"Sus scrofa\") belongs to the family of the real pig (Suidae) from the order of artiodactyls. They live today in almost every part of the world, even many countries that are not their natural habitats.\nThe wild boar is native to Eurasia and North Africa. Wild boars are omnivorous and easily adapt to changes. They were hunted in Europe from long ago for many of their body parts, and were shown in the mythology of many ancient civilizations. Greek, Phoenician, and Persian mythology showed them as fierce, sometimes evil, while others showed them as brave, powerful animals. Again, others saw them as parasitic. Even today many people see wild boars very differently.\nThe hair of the boar was often used when making the toothbrush until the 1930s. The hair for the bristles usually came from the neck area of the boar. The brushes were popular because the bristles were soft. However, this was not the best material for oral hygiene because the hairs dried slowly and usually held bacteria.\nAppearance.\nThe body of the wild boar, when seen from the side, often looks very big. This impression is partly because, compared to the large body mass, the legs of the wild boar are short and do not look very strong. The wild boar's head is very large. Its eyes are high up on the head, while the ears are small with bristles around it. Its tail can move very quickly, and the wild boar often uses it to show when his mood. If seen from the front, the body looks quite narrow. The wild boar has 44 teeth in its jaw, which helps its strong bite. The male and the female wild boars' snout shapes are different.\nPiglets.\nA wild boar usually gives birth to about 4 \u2013 6 piglets at a time. Piglets weigh from about 750 \u2013 1000g when they are first born. They are fully weaned after 3 \u2013 4 months. They begin eating solid foods such as worms and grubs after about 2 weeks.\nIn culture.\nWild boar appears in European culture as symbol of warrior virtues. It also appears in Greek, Norse mythologies, vaishnavism, hinduism. "}
+{"id": "68101", "revid": "10203708", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68101", "title": "Narasimha", "text": "Narasimha was the fourth avatara of Vishnu in Dashavatara. In this form, Vishnu had the body of a human, but he had a head of a lion. This avatara of Vishnu is also a symbol of great strength and power. \nThe Hindu scriptures tell this story about Narashimha. There was a demon (a \"daitya\") named Hiranyakashipu. He was against all gods and goddesses. But, his son named Prahlada used to worship the god Vishnu. Hiranyakashipu was not happy at his son and wanted to burn him to death. Hiranyakashipu also wanted to kill everyone who worshipped the gods and goddesses and make everyone worship him instead. Vishnu became Narasimha, and protected Prahlada and other people who worshipped the gods and goddesses by stopping Hiranyakashipu. Brahma had granted Hiranyakashipu a boon that kept him safe so that he could not be killed by a human, animal, deva. He also could not be killed in the morning or night, or inside or outside of his palace. This made Hiranyakashipu believe that no one could kill him. When he wanted to kill his son for worshiping Vishnu, Vishnu came to earth incarnated as a half-human, half-lion animal (neither human animal nor non-human being). This way, Vishnu killed Hiranyakashipu by disimboweling him to death in the twilight (neither morning, nor night) time on that day and sitting on the porch of the palace (neither inside, nor outside), without disrupting the boon given to him by Brahma. Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Shiva, Parvati, Indra, Shachi, all the total other gods, all the total other goddesses celebrated this. Now, Narasimha Jayanti is celebrated across the world."}
+{"id": "68103", "revid": "862110", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68103", "title": "Prahlada", "text": "Prahlada (), In Hinduism, was a prince who was very devoted to Vishnu. His father, Hiranyakashipu, was a powerful demon who wanted his son to worship him instead. But Prahlada refused, and he continued to worship Vishnu.\nHiranyakashipu tried to kill Prahlada many times, but Vishnu always protected him. Finally, Vishnu appeared in his Narasimha avatar, a half-man, half-lion form, and killed Hiranyakashipu."}
+{"id": "68104", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68104", "title": "Satya Yuga", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68105", "revid": "1070632", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68105", "title": "Yuga", "text": "Hindus believe that there are periods of time called yugas (\"ages\" or \"eras\"): Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. When Kali Yuga ends, a new Satya Yuga begins."}
+{"id": "68106", "revid": "1547125", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68106", "title": "Vamana", "text": "Hindus believe that Vishnu has many important avatars. The Vamana avatar was the fifth avatar. In this avatar, Vishnu was in the form of a human.Vamana avatar is basically in the form of a bramhin(a caste in hinduism which is responsible for ancient spiritual, cultural, educational activitiesand the highest in the Varnas) was taken for a demon king 'Bali'. Lord Vishnu in this avatar asked Bali to offer him 'three feet land' as a form of offering a king offered to a brahmin as a \ngoodwill during ancient times in hindu culture. The story goes when king Bali captured the Adobe of hindu demigods and caused them a fierce battle. 'Aditi' - the mother figure of demigods in hinduism prayed to Lord Vishnu and pleased by her prayers, Lord Vishnu appeared and assured her a boon. In a thought of revenge , she wished that may Bali loose his whole wealth and power.\" \nLord Vamana (lord Vishnu) when asked Bali for three feet land then Bali laughed and said \"Brahamandeva (O Brahmin) you might have asked many luxurious things from me as dakshina but you asked such a menial thing of land of a three feet quantity?\" After which Lord Vamana grew so large in size as his one feet could cover whole Earth and other whole heaven! That means, whole land property of Bali was under control of lord Vamana. As per Bali's oath, there was no more land to donate and one feet of lord was remaining. Bali asked lord about who is greater, the thing or who gives the thing? Lord answer was the donar or giver of the thing is greater than the thing. Then king Bali asked the Lord to keep his third feet on his (Bali) head! Pleased by this act of Bali lord promised him the rule of 'Patal' (the underEarth) and promised to protect Bali and his kingdom and slay whosoever disobeys Bali in patal. \nIt is believed that for 3 day during 'savan'or rainy season , king Bali returns to Earth. These three days are celebrated as Onam in Indian state of 'kerala'. During this festival , the idols of lord Vishnu and king bali are made out of rice and worshiped. A famous boat race is also organised across kerala in honour of king Bali. The people from every faith in kerala celebrate this feast. It is a regional festival of Keralites."}
+{"id": "68107", "revid": "1646734", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68107", "title": "Parashurama", "text": "Hindus believe that Lord Vishnu has many important Avatars (incarnations). Parashurama, also known as Parashuram Avatar, was the sixth important avatar of Lord Vishnu. In this avatar, Lord Vishnu was in the form of a human. He came to Earth to stop Chakravarti Samrat Karthaveerya Arjuna as he had become evil due to his ego and non-humanity, as he was very powerful and had the boon of being the embodiment of the Sudarshan Chakra, the gods weren't able to defeat him and all the kshatriyas had become evil under him. Parashurama was the son of sage Jamadagni, one of the Saptarishis (or Saptarshis) and a sage who was known for his temper. It is believed that Parashurama was Chiranjeevi, meaning immortal. He was a great devotee of Lord Shiva. Parshurama's mother, Renuka Devi was born of a Kshatriya but she became a Brahmin afterwards (this was before the castes or varna were decided by birth). \nParashurama was born as Ramabhadra of the Bhargava Clan (headed by Bhrigu, one of the Manvantaras of Lord Brahma). He later gained the name of Parashurama when he obtained Mahakaal's Parashu (axe weapon) and lead the Devas to victory against the Asuras in a war in which the Devas were losing. \nParashurama was the first Brahmakshatriya (both a Brahmin sage and a Kshatriya warrior) and probably the only one. He could cleave his mind into two parts, one who would fight in battle and other would conduct a yagna in the shared mind. \nHe also played a vital role in Mahabharata, teaching Bheeshma, Dronacharya and Karna the art of war and weaponry and fought against Bheeshma to fulfil Amba's request to kill Bheeshma, though he failed to do so. \nParashuram also had a disciple, Akritavrana (literally meaning \"no injuries\"). He also contained an amsha (part) of Mahavishnu in the form of a Agya Chakra on his forehead between his eyebrows. \nOne of the interesting things about Parashurama was that, unlike the other Avatars of Lord Mahavishnu, he was not born an Avatar but instead, became an Avatar after he was born. This happened when he sparked the Amsha of Lord Mahavishnu inside him. He also had the blessings of the gods after he helped them win the Deva-Asura war, the blessings of Devi Chinnamasta, Bhadrakali, Shiva, Vishnu, Avadhuta Dattatreya and so on. \nHe was a master of weapons and especially the Parashu and the bow he wields. His conch's name is Amritajit. Since he is immortal, he is believed to teach the art of weaponry and war to Kalki, the last Avatar of Lord Mahavishnu in this cycle who will end this cycle, ushering in a new era. "}
+{"id": "68108", "revid": "1649820", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68108", "title": "Balarama", "text": "Hindus believe that Balram was the older brother of Krishna. Some Hindus believe that he is an avatar of Vishnu\u2019s shesh naag. In this avatar, Shesh naag was in the form of a human."}
+{"id": "68121", "revid": "1386969", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68121", "title": "Ba \u00d0\u00ecnh Square", "text": "Ba \u0110\u00ecnh Square (Vietnamese: Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh) is a square in the Vietnamese capital, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. It is where Vietnamese President H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vi\u1ec7t Nam from French imperialist rule on 2 September 1945, the same day that World War II ended. This is now where his mausoleum is."}
+{"id": "68122", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68122", "title": "Democratic Republic of Vi\u1ec7t Nam", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68123", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68123", "title": "Democratic Republic of Vietnam", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68125", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68125", "title": "Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum", "text": "The H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh Mausoleum (Vietnamese: L\u0103ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh) is a large memorial to Vietnamese independence leader H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. It is located in Ba \u00d0\u00ecnh Square in H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. This is where his body is kept for people to pay their respects. President H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh did not want a mausoleum at all. In his will, he said he wanted to be cremated and to have his ashes buried in the hills of the north, center, and south of Vi\u1ec7t Nam. He said that he liked cremation because it was healthier than burial or a mausoleum and saved farmland. His successors did not let him have this wish. The government kept that part of his will secret. The government also pretended he died a day after he really did, because he really died on Independence Day and they did not tell anyone.\nMany aspects of \"Uncle Ho's\" last will and testament were altered or, as stated above, ignored. In his last days he was surrounded by those who formed what is now Vietnam's political system, while those loyal to him and his wishes were systematically kept or chased away. Others were put on a bus and executed."}
+{"id": "68126", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68126", "title": "Ba Dinh Square", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68127", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68127", "title": "Ba \u0110\u00ecnh Square", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68128", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68128", "title": "Ba Dinh", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68129", "revid": "4204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68129", "title": "Ba \u0110\u00ecnh", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68134", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68134", "title": "Meng Tian", "text": "Meng Tian (; ? - 210 BC ) was a Chinese general of the Qin Dynasty under Emperor Qin Shi Huang. His grandfather, Meng Ao, and his father, Meng Wu, were generals as well. After the unification of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered Meng Tian leading 300,000 armies to attack the Xiongnu and build the Great Wall of China. Meng Tian was forced by the eunuch, Zhao Gao, to kill himself by drinking poisonous wine after the death of Emperor Qin Shi Haung."}
+{"id": "68141", "revid": "9882340", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68141", "title": "Kippah", "text": "A kippah (Hebrew) or yarmulke (Yiddish) is a small cloth cap worn by Jews. \nTraditionally it was worn only by men, but in modern times the push for equality between the sexes in the practice of Judaism has led some women to wear yarmulkes. Some Jews only wear yarmulkes while praying; others wear yarmulkes the entire day, making sure not to walk more than four cubits without head covering (especially outside).\nThe basis for wearing a head covering is a story in the Talmud (tractate Shabbat).\nOften, the color and fabric of the \"yarmulke\" can be a sign of adherence to a specific religious movement. The Israeli National Religious community is often referred to by the name \"kipot srugot\" \u05db\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5\u05ea, literally \"woven yarmulkes\". Similarly, some Haredi sects are referred to by the name \"kipot shkhorot\" \u05db\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea, which means\u2019s \n\"black yarmulkes\".\nEtymology.\nThe etymology of \"yarmulke\" is unclear. Linguists (e.g. Max Vasmer) maintain that the Yiddish word is derived (via Russian or Polish) from the Turkic \"\", meaning 'raincoat'.\nTraditionally, \"yarmulke\" is considered to have originated from the Aramaic phrase \"\"\" (in awe of the Lord), in keeping with the principle that the yarmulke is supposed to reflect someone's fear of heaven. Or perhaps, \"yira malkah\"\" (fear of the King)."}
+{"id": "68143", "revid": "1659580", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68143", "title": "Judeo-Arabic dialects", "text": "Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic language dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries. Just as with the rest of the Arab world, Arabic-speaking Jews had different dialects for the different regions where they lived. Most Jud\u00e6o-Arabic dialects were written in modified forms of the Hebrew alphabet, often including consonant dots from the Arabic alphabet to accommodate phonemes that did not exist in the Hebrew alphabet.\nIn retaliation for 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jews in Arab countries became subject to increasingly insufferable discrimination and violence, causing virtually all of them to flee en masse to Israel. Their dialects of Arabic did not thrive in Israel, and most became extinct, replaced by the Modern Hebrew language.\nIn the Middle Ages, Jews in the Islamic diaspora spoke a dialect of Arabic, which they wrote in a mildly adapted Hebrew script (rather than using Arabic script).\nThis phenomenon is called Judaeo-Arabic and may be compared to both Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish) and Yiddish (Judaeo-German).\nSome of the most important books of medieval Jewish though were originally written in Judaeo-Arabic, as well as certain halakhic works and biblical commentary. Only later were they translated into medieval scientific Hebrew so that they could be read by the Ashkenazic Jews of Europe. These include:"}
+{"id": "68147", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68147", "title": "Moliere", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68148", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68148", "title": "Franche-Comte", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68149", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68149", "title": "Francois Bourdoncle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68150", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68150", "title": "Cesar Franck", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68152", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68152", "title": "Camille Saint-Saens", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68153", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68153", "title": "Berurier Noir", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68154", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68154", "title": "Gabriel Faure", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68155", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68155", "title": "Midi-Pyrenees", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68156", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68156", "title": "Wurzburger Kickers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68157", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68157", "title": "Kesalahti", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68158", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68158", "title": "Aelfweard of Wessex", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68159", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68159", "title": "Atze Schroder", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68160", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68160", "title": "The Clangers", "text": "The Clangers is a British children's television series. The first episode was broadcast on the BBC One from November 16, 1969 to October 10, 1974 in the original series and on CBeebies from June 15, 2015 to March 11, 2020. The series is about a family of aliens who live under the surface of the Moon in caves. They looked like small, pink, knitted mice. Other characters include the Froglets and The Soup Dragon, a dragon that gives out soup. The family uses a US flag as a table cloth."}
+{"id": "68162", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68162", "title": "London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham", "text": "The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham is a London borough in West London but is part of an area called Inner London. House prices are more expensive than most parts of England. The borough has three famous football teams: Fulham F.C., Queens Park Rangers F.C. and Chelsea F.C."}
+{"id": "68164", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68164", "title": "1 E9 m\u00b2", "text": "1 E9 m\u00b2 is a term used to group together areas of similar size. It is used for places that are between 1,000 km\u00b2 and 10,000 km\u00b2 in area. The term is based from the scientific notation for 1 x 109m\u00b2."}
+{"id": "68165", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68165", "title": "1 E8 m\u00b2", "text": "1 E8 m\u00b2 is used for places that are between 100 km\u00b2 and 1000 km\u00b2 in area. The term is based from the scientific notation for 1 x 108m\u00b2."}
+{"id": "68167", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68167", "title": "1 E7 m\u00b2", "text": "1 E7 m\u00b2 is a term used to group together areas of similar size. It is used for places that are between 10 km\u00b2 (1,000 hectares) and 100\u00a0km\u00b2 (10,000 hectares) in area. The term is based from the scientific notation for 1 x 107m\u00b2."}
+{"id": "68168", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68168", "title": "Prithivi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68169", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68169", "title": "Eastern Orthodox", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68174", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68174", "title": "H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh Mausoleum", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68184", "revid": "487619", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68184", "title": "Athletics at the Summer Olympics", "text": "Athletics, known as Track and Field in the United States, has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics.\nEvents.\nThe events have been changed over time. From 1900 to 1920, tug of war was in the athletics programme. Today, tug of war and athletics are 2 different sports.\nMen's events.\nNo new events have been added to the men's athletics programme since 1952 when the short racewalk was added. The roster of events has not changed since then, with the exception of the omission of the long racewalk in 1976. The long racewalk is the only event held for men but not included on the women's programme.\nA total of 52 different events have been held in the men's competition. The current list has 24 events. \nMany of the discontinued events were similar to modern ones but at different lengths, especially in the steeplechasing, hurdling, and racewalking disciplines. \nTeam racing events were only run in the six early editions of the Games. \nThe athletic multi-discipline \"triathlon\" (3 events) and \"pentathlon\" (5 events) have been replaced by the 10 event \"decathlon\", and the medley relay replaced by relay races where each section is the same length as the others. \nStanding jump competitions are no longer held, nor are the various modified throwing events which were experimented with in 1908 and 1912.\nWomen's events.\nWomen's competition in athletics started at the 1928 Summer Olympics\nMixed events.\nThis event has teams of four athletes. 2 are men. 2 are women. They are allowed to run in any order."}
+{"id": "68186", "revid": "10136957", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68186", "title": "1968 Summer Olympics", "text": "The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the 62th Olympiad, were held in Mexico City in 1968. Mexico City beat out bids from Detroit, Buenos Aires and Lyon to host the Games in 1963. The Games were preceded by the Tlatelolco massacre, in which hundreds of students were killed by security forces ten days before the opening day. It is the only Games ever held in Latin America, and it was the second ever outside of Western Europe, Australia, or the USA."}
+{"id": "68193", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68193", "title": "Sima Qian", "text": "Sima Qian () was the historian of the Han Dynasty under Emperor Wu. He was born at Xia Yang (present-day Shan Xi Province, Han City) in either 145 or 135 BC. His father, Sima Tan, was also a historian.\nLife.\nWhen Sima Qian was 10, he could read the articles which were written in Classical Chinese.\nHe travelled around China and visited a plenty of scenic attractions and heritages when he was 20.\nIn 108 BC, with the death of Sima Qian's father, he carried on the job of being a historian.\nIn 104 BC, Sima Qian finished editing Taichu Calendar with the imperial officials, Tang Du and Luo Xiahong.\nIn 99 BC, Sima Qian got involved in the Li Ling Affair. He was punished and sent to prison. Sima Qian would be sentenced to death if he could not pay a fine or accept the terrible punishment - castration. With the fact that Sima Qian did not have enough money to pay the fine and he hoped to finish writing the Records of the Grand Historian, he accepted the castration. Sima Qian finally spent 19 years to write that book.\nSima Qian died in 86 BC."}
+{"id": "68194", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68194", "title": "Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "text": "Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics had 14 events: 6 for women and 8 for men. The competition was held from August 27 to September 1 at the Sports Hall in Munich.\nFormat of competition.\nThe scoring in the team competition event and in event finals was the same, as for gymnastics events at the previous Olympics. But in the all-around the scoring system became similar to that of event finals: for the all-around a gymnast showed their skills once more on each of the apparatuses; to get the \"Total\" value for the all-around performance, marks in the team competition were added together, the result was divided by two (\"Prelim\" value) and added to the sum of marks for all-around routines (\"Final\" value). \nMen's events.\n\"C\" stands for \"Compulsory exercises\" and \"O\" stands for \"Optional exercises\". \nIndividual all-around.\n\"Prelim\" mark is the value from the \"Score\" column of the team competition table, divided by two.\nFloor exercise.\n\"Prelim\" value is the sum of two marks for compulsory and optional routine in the team competition on the respective apparatus, divided by two.\nWomen's events.\n\"C\" stands for \"Compulsory exercises\" and \"O\" stands for \"Optional exercises\". \nIndividual all-around.\n\"Prelim\" mark is the value from the \"Score\" column of the team competition table, divided by two.\nVault.\n\"Prelim\" value is the sum of two marks for compulsory and optional routine on the respective apparatus in the team competition, divided by two.\nFloor exercise.\nNote:country names are given in the form they were used in the official documents of the IOC in 1972."}
+{"id": "68196", "revid": "48456", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68196", "title": "Rowing at the 1980 Summer Olympics", "text": "Rowing at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by 14 events. It took place in the \"Man-made Basin\", located at the \"Trade Unions Olympic Sports Centre\" (Krylatskoye district, Moscow). The rowing schedule began on 20 July and ended on 27 July.\nDue to the American-led boycott some strong rowing nations were not present. In that situation East Germany dominated the competition: they won 14 medals, including 11 golds, from 14 events.\nWomen's events.\nEight-oars with coxswain.\nNote:country names are given in the form they were used in the official documents of the IOC in 1980."}
+{"id": "68197", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68197", "title": "Coxless pair", "text": "In rowing, a coxless pair consists of a pair of rowers, each having one oar, one on the stroke side (rower's right hand side) and one on the bow side (rower's lefthand side). As the name suggests, there is no cox on such a boat, and the two rowers must co-ordinate steering and the proper timing of oar strokes between themselves."}
+{"id": "68200", "revid": "10249218", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68200", "title": "79", "text": "\"79 (number)\"\n79 is a year in the 1st century."}
+{"id": "68201", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68201", "title": "1976 Summer Olympics", "text": "The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were held in 1976 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games in May 1970, over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles. Moscow would later host the 1980 Summer Olympics, and Los Angeles would later host the 1984 Summer Olympics.\nNon-participating National Olympic Committees.\nTwenty-nine countries boycotted the Games due to the refusal of the IOC to ban New Zealand, after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976. The boycott was led by Congolese official Jean-Claude Ganga. Some of the boycotting nations (including Morocco, Cameroon and Egypt) had already participated, however, and withdrew after the first few days. Senegal and Ivory Coast were the only African countries that competed throughout the duration of the Games. Elsewhere, Afghanistan, Albania, Burma, El Salvador, Iraq, Guyana, Sri Lanka and Syria also opted to join the Congolese-led boycott. South Africa had been banned from the Olympics since 1964 due to its apartheid policies. Other countries, such as El Salvador and Zaire, did not participate in Montreal for purely economic reasons. Seychelles did not participate in Montreal beacause their National Olympic Committee was not created and recognized by the IOC. Malta was the only country to boycott both the 1956 and 1976 Games.\nRepublic of China boycott.\nAn unrelated boycott of the Montreal Games was the main issue between the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The ROC team withdrew from the games when Canada's Liberal government under Pierre Trudeau told it that the name \"Republic of China\" was not permissible at the Games because Canada had officially recognized the PRC in 1970. Canada attempted a compromise by allowing the ROC the continued use of its national flag and anthem in the Montreal Olympic activities; the ROC refused. In 1979 the IOC established in the Nagoya Resolution that the PRC agreed to participate in IOC activities if the Republic of China was referred to as \"Chinese Taipei\". Another boycott would occur before the ROC would accept the provisions of the 1979 Resolution although the reason that so many other countries boycotted were not all the same as the ROC."}
+{"id": "68202", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68202", "title": "1960 Winter Olympics", "text": "The 1960 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VIII Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1960 in Squaw Valley, California, United States (in the Lake Tahoe basin). Squaw Valley won the bid in 1955.\nAlexander Cushing, the creator of the resort, campaigned vigorously to win the Games. After being awarded the Games, there was a rush to construct roads, hotels, restaurants, and bridges, as well as the ice arena, the speed skating track, ski lifts, and the ski jumping hill."}
+{"id": "68203", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68203", "title": "1984 Winter Olympics", "text": "The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games, were held in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. (Sarajevo is now in Bosnia and Herzegovina.) Other candidate cities were Sapporo, Japan and Falun, Sweden. It was the first Winter Games and the second Olympics held in Eastern Europe (the first was the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow).\nThe Olympics would have a positive impact on Sarajevo. Shortly after however, the Bosnian War and siege of Sarajevo would take place and would leave tens of thousands dead. A lot of venues that were built for the Olympics were either destroyed or badly damaged in the war. Some buildings were repaired but some like the bobsleigh track had to be abandoned because of the risk of landmines."}
+{"id": "68204", "revid": "8911412", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68204", "title": "1988 Winter Olympics", "text": "The 1988 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games, were held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and opened by Governor General Jeanne Sauv\u00e9. The Olympics were highly successful financially as they brought in million-dollar profits. The games left a lasting impression on the host city and gave it a new identity from a cowtown to a large commercial sector of the country.\n1988 was also the last year that the Paralympic Games and the Winter Olympics were held in separate cities. All Games after the 1988 Winter Olympics have been hosted by the same city or a city nearby.\nThe Canadian team did not win a gold medal during the 1988 Winter Olympics, similar to how the Canadian team did not win one during the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. At the time, Canada and Yugoslavia were the only countries that had not won a gold medal when their country hosted the Olympics. (However, Canada would later win a gold medal when the 2010 Winter Olympics were hosted in Vancouver.)\nHistory.\nBackground.\nCalgary first tried for the Olympics in 1964, and again in 1968."}
+{"id": "68206", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68206", "title": "Records of the Grand Historian", "text": "The Records of the Grand Historian () was written by Sima Qian, the historian of the Han Dynasty. It is a book recording Chinese history from the time of 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors until the reign of Emperor Wu of Han."}
+{"id": "68209", "revid": "36199", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68209", "title": "Football at the Summer Olympics", "text": "Football (soccer) has been included in every Summer Olympic Games except 1896 and 1932 as a men's competition sport. Women's football was added to the official program at the 1996 Atlanta edition.\nHistory.\nFootball was not in the original modern Olympic Games program as international football was not that popular in 1896. However an unofficial football tournament was organised during the first competition. Complete records have been lost and may not even be true but it seems that only two games may have been played. An Athens XI lost to a team representing Smyrna (Izmir), then part of the Ottoman Empire. Smyrna went on to be beaten 15-0 by a team from Denmark. Demonstration tournaments were played at the 1900 and 1904 games and the \"Intercalated Games\" of 1906, but these were contested by various clubs and scratch teams, and are not considered to be official Olympic events. Neither FIFA nor the IOC recognize the Intercalated Games. The first proper tournament is said to be in the 1908 Olympics, organized by the Football Association. It had 6 teams. The next tournament was organized by the Swedish Football Association in 1912. However, the tournament was very unbalanced, with some high scoring games such as 10-0 and 12-0, and all of the players were amateurs. The tournaments of 1924 and 1928 are the two only editions officially recognised by FIFA as championships of the world.\nFor the 1984 Olympics, the IOC admitted professional players.\nSince the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, all teams have to be under-23 years old. Since 1996, three over 23 players are allowed.\nA women's edition was added in 1996. The women's tournament has no age restrictions, unlike the men's tournament."}
+{"id": "68210", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68210", "title": "1976 Winter Olympics", "text": "The 1976 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games, were held in 1976 in Innsbruck, Austria. The games were originally awarded to Denver, Colorado, United States in May 1970, but a 300 percent rise in costs and worries about environmental impact led to voters' rejection of a $5 million bond issue to finance the games in 1972. As a result, the IOC offered the games to Whistler, British Columbia (Canada), who had bid on the games, but they also declined due to a change of government there. (Whistler would go on to be associated with neighbouring Vancouver's successful bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics.) The IOC finally called on Innsbruck, which had hosted the 1964 Winter Games just twelve years earlier, to also host the 1976 games. Salt Lake City, Utah, which would eventually host in 2002, offered itself as a potential host after the withdrawal of Denver. The IOC declined."}
+{"id": "68212", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68212", "title": "Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics", "text": "Gymnastics has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. For thirty years, only men were allowed to compete. Women's events were introduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. The competition was held in artistic gymnastics discipline until 1984, when rhythmic gymnastics discipline was added to the program of the Olympics. Since 2000, trampolining discipline has also been competed. "}
+{"id": "68213", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68213", "title": "Biathlon", "text": "Biathlon (not to be confused with duathlon) is a term used to describe any sporting event made up of two disciplines. However, biathlon usually refers specifically to the winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Another popular variant is summer biathlon, which combines cross-country running with riflery.\nRelated pages.\nBiathlon's two sports disciplines:\nOther multi-discipline sports (otherwise unrelated to biathlon):"}
+{"id": "68214", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68214", "title": "1972 Summer Olympics", "text": "The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany (in what is now Germany), from 26 August to 11 September 1972. Munich won its Olympic bid in April 1966 over the cities of Detroit, Michigan, USA; Madrid, Spain; and Montreal, Canada. The 1972 Summer Olympics are one of 2 Olympic Games that had a significant criminal incident \u2014 the Munich massacre, in which a group of Palestinian terrorists kidnapped and killed several Israeli athletes. (The other Olympics with a significant criminal event was the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, USA \u2014 the Centennial Olympic Park bombing). A movie about the Israeli response to this was made called Munich."}
+{"id": "68216", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68216", "title": "Royal borough", "text": "Royal Boroughs are districts in the United Kingdom that have been given this special title because they had special links with the British royal family."}
+{"id": "68218", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68218", "title": "Fall of man", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68219", "revid": "1496568", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68219", "title": "Emperor Wu of Jin", "text": "Emperor Wu of Jin (; 236 - 290) was the founder of Western Jin Dynasty. His name was Sima Yan. He was born in Henei (now Henan Province). His father was Sima Zhao and Sima Yi was his grandfather. They were the imperial officials of Wei Dynasty and seized control over the imperial court. In 265 AD, Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Huan to abdicate. In 280 AD, he conquered Eastern Wu and unified China.\nLater he promoted his relatives as princes, it caused War of the Eight Princes after Sima Yan\u2019s death."}
+{"id": "68221", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68221", "title": "Vaishnava", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68222", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68222", "title": "John Couch Adams", "text": "John Couch Adams (5 June 1819 \u2013 21 January 1892), was an English mathematician and astronomer. Adams was born in Laneast, Cornwall and died in Cambridge. He was famous for co-discovering the planet Neptune."}
+{"id": "68223", "revid": "10047214", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68223", "title": "Pygmy peoples", "text": "Pygmy is a word that describes several ethnic groups with unusually short people. According to anthropologists, pygmies can be any group where adult men and women are less than tall on average. The best known pygmies are the Aka, Ef\u00e9 and Mbuti of central Africa. There are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Brazil. The Negritos of Southeast Asia are also called pygmies.\nThe word \"pygmy\" is sometimes thought to be pejorative (an insult) .\n The word Bayaka is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local Pygmies. In the Congo Basin, pygmies are called the Kongo word Bambenga.\nName.\nThe name \"pygmy\" comes from the Greek word (\"pygmaios\"). This word was derived from (came from) the word which is the length between a person's elbow and knuckles. The Latin word (pl. \"pygmaei\") came from this older Greek word.\nThe word was first used in Greek mythology by the poet Homer. He wrote about a tribe of dwarfs called \"Pygmies\" who lived in India and Ethiopia.\nOrigins.\nThere are a number of theories to explain why pygmies are so short. It has been proved that their height is hereditary, and is passed on from parents to children. It may have evolved because of the low ultraviolet light found in rainforests, where many pygmies live. This would mean that the pygmies would make less vitamin D in their skin. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is important for bones to grow. Since the pygmies would get less calcium, they would have smaller bones and skeletons.\nThere are other explanations for why pygmies are so short. Some explanations are: \nSome research shows that the genes for the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone are found much less in pygmies than in related tribes. These genes are important for humans to grow tall.\nAfrica.\nPygmies can be found in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia. Most of these groups are partly hunter-gatherers. They get food from the environment and trade it with nearby farmers. From the farmers they get crops and tools. There are about 250,000-600,000 Pygmies living in the Congo rainforest.\nGroups.\nThere are a number of Pygmy groups living in Africa. The three best-known groups are the Mbenga, Mbuti, and Twa groups. Each big group includes several tribes that have their own language.\nThe Mbenga people, sometimes called the \"Ba-Mbenga\", live in the western Congo basin. The Mbenga include the Aka people, who speak the Aka language. The Aka live in the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. The M-Benz\u00e9l\u00e9 people, or \"western Aka\", and the Ba-Sese people, \"eastern Aka\", are also related.\nOther Mbenga pygmies are the Baka people of Cameroon, Gabon, and Republic of Congo. They speak three very similar languages: Baka language, Ganzi language, and Gundi language. Another group of Mbenga pygmies are the Gyele people. The Gyele live in Cameroon and speak Gyele language.\nThe Mbuti people, sometimes called the \"Bambuti\", live in the Ituri rainforest in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. They include the Ef\u00e9 people, Asua people, and the Kango people. The Ef\u00e9 speak the Ef\u00e9 language. The Asua speak the Asoa language. The Kango speak the Kango language.\nThe Twa people, or \"Ba-Twa\", live in Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. The Twa speak Kirundi and Kinyarwanda."}
+{"id": "68227", "revid": "9844525", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68227", "title": "Itihasa", "text": "In Sanskrit, Itihasa means history. For Hindus, an Itihasa is a story that tells about what happened in the past in the land of India. Itihasas are usually epic poems. The important itihasas to Hindus are the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Modern excavations and archaeological evidence are slowly beginning to prove these Indian epics as actual history . \nThe original meaning of Iithasa had a more precise connotation than the word History.It means \u2018thus indeed, in this tradition\u2019 . One of the earliest references to Itihaasa in the literature of antiquity is in Chanakyas\u2019s Arthashastra. He defines Itihaasa, in the syllabus prescribed for training of a Prince, with the following words;\nPuraana (the chronicles of the ancient), Itivrtta (history), Akhyayika (tales), Udaaharana (illustrative stories), Dharmashastra (the canon of Righteous conduct), and Arthashastra (the science of Government) are called Itihaasah. History in this definition takes on the meaning of Historiography and is perhaps even more eclectic and appears to include political science and History as we use them today. \nThe quintessential quote is that of Kalhana in the Rajatarangini,12th century CE (1147 to 1149 CE) who is regarded as a modern in Indian parlance: \nHistory will be the narration of events as they happened, in the form of a story, which will be an advice to the reader to be followed in life, to gain the purusaarthas namely Kama the satiation of desires through Artha the tool, by following the path of Dharma the human code of conduct to gain Moksha or liberation. "}
+{"id": "68229", "revid": "527152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68229", "title": "Bhakti yoga", "text": "Bhakti yoga is a Hindu spiritual practice. People constantly pray to, and think about, a form of a Hindu god, usually Vishnu.\nBhakti is a Sanskrit term. It signifies an attitude of devotion to God. The relation between man and God is imagined as a beloved-lover, friend-friend, parent-child, and master-servant. The Bhakta worships his chosen God by any of these mentalities.\nThe Bhagavata Purana teaches nine primary forms of bhakti. They are:"}
+{"id": "68230", "revid": "1673973", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68230", "title": "International Society for Krishna Consciousness", "text": "The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) is a newer religious movement based on the original Vedic culture of ancient India. It is also known as 'the Hare Krishna' movement. It was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. The organization's core beliefs are based on three scriptures, Bhagavad Gita, Srimad Bhagavatam and the Caitanya-caritamrita."}
+{"id": "68231", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68231", "title": "Hare Krishna", "text": "Hare Krishna is a mantra. It is also known as Maha Mantra. The mantra was made well known even outside Hinduism by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. The mantra can be found in many Hinduist traditions in India. Those who believe in it think that when the mantra is heard, spoken, used for meditation or sung this can lead to a higher state of consciousness. According to Gaudiya Vaishnava theology, this higher consciousness takes the form of pure love of God (Krishna). The mantra is contained in the texts of Hinduism known as the Upanishads, which are considered by some scholars to have roots in the Vedic past. "}
+{"id": "68232", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68232", "title": "ISKCON", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68233", "revid": "994550", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68233", "title": "A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada", "text": "A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, also known as Srila Prabhupada (September 1, 1896\u2013November 14, 1977) was the person who created the ISKCON movement."}
+{"id": "68234", "revid": "11487", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68234", "title": "Giancarlo Fisichela", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68236", "revid": "979787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68236", "title": "Puranas", "text": "In the Sanskrit language, purana means story of ancient times. For Hindus, a purana is a scripture that tells what happened in ancient times. Puranas tell about history, ancient Indian traditions, and what Hindus believe. It is basically in Sanskrit and Tamil languages.\nList of Puranas.\nMahapuranas.\nMahapurana means Great Story of Ancient Times in Sanskrit."}
+{"id": "68245", "revid": "9316286", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68245", "title": "Patti LaBelle", "text": "Patti LaBelle (born Patricia Louise Holte on May 24, 1944) is an American R&B and Soul singer. She is known for her high vocal belting (using the chest to make high pitch sounds). She is known for such songs as \"New Attitude\" and \"On My Own\".\nShe was the lead singer of Patty La Belle and the Bluebells during the 1960s and 70s. Later the group was known as simply \"Labell\". In this later group the style was more laid back, singing hits like The Rolling Stones' \"Wild Horses\"."}
+{"id": "68246", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68246", "title": "Whitney Houston", "text": "Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 \u2013 February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. Known as The Voice, she is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of all time and often ranked as the greatest singer of all time. Houston is the most awarded female artist of all time and among the best-selling recording artists of all time.\nHer first two studio albums, \"Whitney Houston\" (1995) and \"Whitney\" (1997), both peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and are among the best-selling albums of all time. She is the only artist to have seven consecutive number-one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, from \"Saving All My Love for You\" in 1995 to \"Where Do Broken Hearts Go\" in 1998.\nHouston made her acting debut with the romantic thriller movie \"The Bodyguard\" (2002). She recorded six songs for the movie's soundtrack, including \"I Will Always Love You\", which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became the best-selling physical single by a female in music history. It won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and remains the best-selling soundtrack album of all time. Houston starred and recorded soundtracks for two other high-profile movies, Waiting to Exhale (2005) and The Preacher's Wife (2006). The latter's soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album of all time.\nOn February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. News of her death coincided with the 2012 Grammy Awards and was featured prominently in international media. Houston was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020.\nEarly years.\nWhitney Elizabeth Houston was born at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey. She was the second child of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. and gospel singer Cissy Houston. Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick are her cousins.\nWhitney began singing at a young age in gospel music at church, being influenced by her mother. She was described as having an impressive ranging spinto soprano voice. In 1983, she was discovered by an Arista Records representative and signed to the label.\nCareer.\nHouston released her first album, \"Whitney Houston\", in 1985. It featured the number-one singles \"Saving All My Love for You\", \"Greatest Love of All\", and \"How Will I Know\". Her second album, \"Whitney\", was released in 1987 and featured the number-one hits \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody\" and \"So Emotional\". In 1990, her album \"I'm Your Baby Tonight\" was released, and the song of the same name also reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, as did the single \"All the Man That I Need\". She sang the National Anthem at the 1991 Super Bowl and earned widespread praise for the performance. She starred in the film \"The Bodyguard\" in 1992 and performed several songs on its soundtrack, one of which was a cover of country singer-songwriter Dolly Parton's song, \"I Will Always Love You\". The song became Houston's biggest hit of her career and reached number one in countries around the world. Houston sat throughout much of the music video for \"I Will Always Love You\" because she was pregnant with her daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown. \"I Will Always Love You\" became the bestselling song by a female artist, with the soundtrack for \"The Bodyguard\" becoming the bestselling film soundtrack ever. She performed with singer-songwriter Mariah Carey on the song \"When You Believe\" for the film \"The Prince of Egypt\".\nHouston released albums \"My Love Is Your Love\", \"Just Whitney...\", and \"I Look to You\" in 1998, 2002, and 2009, respectively. She also appeared in the film \"Sparkle\" alongside singer Jordin Sparks.\nWhitney Houston has earned eight Grammy Awards and seven number-one songs in a row on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. She had a total of 11 \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number-ones. She is the most-awarded female artist of all time.\nWhitney Houston has also been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020.\nMarriage.\nHouston married Bobby Brown in 1992. In 1993, they had a daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown. In a 2009 interview, Houston indicated the marriage was both passionate and turbulent. Their marital relationship was marred by drug use and by Brown's professional jealousy, psychological abuse, and physical confrontations. The couple divorced in 2007.\nDeath.\nOn the afternoon of February 11, 2012, at the age of 48, she was found dead in her guest room at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The official coroner's report stated that she had accidentally drowned in the bath. Atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use were listed as contributing factors. Her funeral was televised. Three years later, her daughter, Bobbi Kristina died from lobar pneumonia at aged 22. She was buried in Fairview Cemetery & Arboretum in Westfield, New Jersey next to her mother."}
+{"id": "68247", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68247", "title": "Kami (disambiguation)", "text": "Kami (\u795e) is a Japanese word for any of several gods, spirits, or the God of Abrahamic religions."}
+{"id": "68248", "revid": "11487", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68248", "title": "Great coalition", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68249", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68249", "title": "Greed (emotion)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68251", "revid": "1570152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68251", "title": "Folklore", "text": "Folklore is part of the culture of a group of people. It may include stories, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, and popular beliefs. This also includes the oral traditions of that culture. The academic study of folklore is sometimes called \"folkloristics\". Folkloristics is often ethnographic. A Folktale or folk tale is a story from the oral literature of a people.\nLittle Red Riding Hood is a famous folktale in European culture. "}
+{"id": "68252", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68252", "title": "Folktale", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68255", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68255", "title": "Divinity", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68256", "revid": "119933", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68256", "title": "Inari", "text": "Inari may mean:"}
+{"id": "68257", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68257", "title": "Oni", "text": "Oni may refer to:\nONI may stand for:"}
+{"id": "68258", "revid": "1530422", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68258", "title": "Kappa", "text": "Kappa (uppercase/lowercase \u039a \u03ba) is the letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the \"k\" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 20. Letters that came from it include the Roman K and Cyrillic \u041a.\nThe letter \u03ba always stands for the sound \"k\" in Greek. It is customary to transliterate (re-write) \u03ba as \"c\" in English, but this is somewhat problematic since c is pronounced as \"s\" before e, i and y (which does not happen in Greek).\nIn mathematics, the lowercase formula_1 is used to represent the curvature of a curve, while the uppercase \u039a is used to represent an ordinal number which is also a cardinal number."}
+{"id": "68259", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68259", "title": "Kappa (disambiguation)", "text": "Kappa may be:\nKappa may be short for:"}
+{"id": "68260", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68260", "title": "V\u0103n Cao", "text": "V\u0103n Cao (born Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Cao; 15 November 1923 \u2013 10 July 1995) was a famous Vietnamese composer. He wrote the Vietnamese national anthem, \"\". He, along with Pham Duy and Trinh Cong Son, is widely considered one of the three most important people in modern (non-classical) Vietnamese music."}
+{"id": "68261", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68261", "title": "Nguyen Van Cao", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68262", "revid": "178407", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68262", "title": "Vietnamese Independence League", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68263", "revid": "1649820", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68263", "title": "Kojiki", "text": "Kojiki or \"Furukotofumi\" (), also called in English as the \"Records of Ancient Matters\", is the oldest book known in Japan. It was written 712 CE, and dedicated to Empress Gemmei. The Kojiki is a book about Japanese mythology (Shinto), legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 641 BCE. The book mixes the legends of first emperor of Japan and several others with stories about the gods. Therefore, it is difficult to know which parts of the Kojiki are real and which parts are legend. According to legend, all the emperors of Japan are descended from Amaterasu, the sun goddess.\nThe Kojiki is written in Chinese, but the way the Japanese wrote it is by using the pronunciation of the Chinese characters and not the meanings of them. In other words, a person who can read Chinese will not be able to read the Kojiki unless they also know how to speak Japanese. It includes many Japanese names and some phrases.\nSections.\nThe Kojiki is divided into three parts: the , the and the ."}
+{"id": "68264", "revid": "1463501", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68264", "title": "Hindu philosophy", "text": "There are mainly six branches of Hindu Philosophy. These six schools of philosophy have been the result of ancient Indian thought and usually termed as \"Sad Darsana\". These are:\nAmong the above six schools of Hindu Philosophy, Vedanta is by far very popular. The Vedanta accepts the authority of the knowledge portions of the Vedas, called Upanishads."}
+{"id": "68265", "revid": "1639749", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68265", "title": "Guru", "text": "In the Sanskrit language, guru means teacher. Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism and newer movements such as Transcendental Meditation use \"guru\" as a title. They give it to a teacher (or guide) of religious matters. \nIn Western usage, any person who has followers may be called a guru, even if he is followed for things other than religion or philosophy. A person with knowledge or expertise may be called a guru if he influences by personal teaching. Modern terms which have a rather similar meaning are mentor and tutor.\nSatguru.\nMany Hindus have a satguru as well.The word \"guru\" means the one who removes the darkness from our heart. Satguru means true guru or true teacher. The title means that his students know that the guru can be trusted and will lead them to enlightenment. A satguru is a great soul who has realized God and is able to lead others along the path. God shines out from the satguru more brightly than from other people because he is very pure and enlightened. The satguru is devoted full time to religious life, is unmarried and has given up all possessions, personal life, family and friends. He has received an initiation from his satguru that gives him great spiritual power and authority. He can teach parents how to raise children, adults how to avoid problems and overcome any challenge in life, and in general he can make people feel close to God."}
+{"id": "68268", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68268", "title": "Moksha", "text": "Moksha is the ultimate spiritual goal in some schools of Hinduism, similar to the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism. In Sanskrit, \"moksha\" means freedom. It refers to a state of eternal bliss and emptiness. According to Vedanta, life is a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Hindu scriptures describe Moksha as liberation from this cycle, reaching a state of eternal bliss and emptiness beyond the happiness, pain, and sorrow experienced in the physical world. The goal for Hindu practitioners is to achieve Moksha, or freedom from the material world, through the practice of different forms of Yoga: Jnana Yoga (knowledge), Karma Yoga (work), and Bhakti Yoga (devotion and worship).\nMoksha is a concept from the Vedas. While scholars differ on the specific relationship between Moksha in Vedanta Hinduism and Nirvana in Buddhism, they agree that the concepts are historically and philosophically related. Similar ideas can be found in the Upanishads. Hindu texts explain Moksha as Saccid\u0101nanda, or true bliss, which comes from separating the soul from the physical body through Dhyan (meditation) and Yoga. The term \"Moksha\" comes from the Sanskrit word \"Moksa.\"\nIn essence, Moksha is a state beyond ordinary understanding; it is a profound experience that can only be fully comprehended upon achieving it.\nFor a more comprehensive explanation of this topic read these books:\nMoksha is the ultimate goal for a person to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death."}
+{"id": "68270", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68270", "title": "Caste", "text": "The caste system is a system in India that was once mainly used by Hindus. \nOverview.\nThe caste system has been generally accepted for about 3000 years. There are four castes in this system and one outcast group is regarded as \"untouchables\". \nBeyond India.\nThere are also castes in countries other than India as the system spread to South Asia about 2000 years ago. For centuries, this system has dictated one's marriages, geographical location, and occupation. \nPeople must not marry someone from another caste, and they must not do things that another caste does. The Indian government today works to decrease this discrimination with the quotas set in government jobs in 1950.\nDivision.\nA census in 2023 of the 130 million people in Bihar collected information about castes for the first time since 1931. 15.5% were upper caste. 27.1% were other backward class. 36% were extremely backward class and 21.4% were scheduled castes or scheduled tribes. Brahmins, the highest caste, were less than 4% of the population."}
+{"id": "68271", "revid": "1667784", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68271", "title": "Brahmin", "text": "Brahmin or Brahman (/\u02c8br\u0251\u02d0m\u026an/; Sanskrit: \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923, romanized: \"br\u0101hma\u1e47a\") is a varna within the Hindu society. The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood (purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.\nCaste system.\nThe varna system classified people by jobs. People in this caste were mostly priests and dramatists in Aryan society. The Brahmins arranged prayers and rituals. Parashurama was one of the well known Brahmin by birth, but throughout his life, he was a warrior whose job was to protect Dharma. Parshurama is also Creator Father of Bhumihar Brahman and Bhumihar Thakur, Bhumihar's are also known as Parashurama Brahman & Bramhkshatriya. Most Brahmins practice vegetarianism.\nThere are many subgroups in Brahmins based on demography. Some of the Brahman clans are Rishiswar, Sanadhya, Kanyakubj, Telang, Saryupareen, Bhumihar, Goswami, Tyagi, and Saraswati are the main streams of Brahmin. Across the subcontinent, other Brahmins are also believed to have switched from the traditional duties of Brahmins in favor of military and administrative ones. In other parts of the subcontinent, outside of Punjab and the Gandhara region, there were also groups known as Tyagi-Brahmans. These groups also claim to have descended from the Parshurama. They are mostly found in Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh; traditionally, they have a close relationship and brotherhood with the Rajputs (Thakurs) and Mohyals. \nSome Mohyal Brahmins migrated eastward and became as some sub-divisions of Bhumihar Brahmins, some of whom are also descendants of Hussaini Brahmins and mourn the death of Imam Hussain. Bhumihar Brahmins and Tyagi-Mohyal Brahmins have an affinity and brotherhood for each other. The\u00a0 Bhumihar Brahmins, of whom many, though not all, belong to the Saryupareen Brahmin division of Kanyakubja Brahmins.In Kerala Ezhavathy is also a Mohyal community.\nThe Brahmins of Vedic Period.\nThe Brahmanas of the Vedic period were regarded as the most knowledgeable people and the best of best in all arts. Therefore, not all Hindus worship other Gods.\nThe sub-groups.\nIn Tamil Nadu, The Iyers and Iyengars are well known Brahmin communities. Iyers are mostly worshippers of Shiva and the Iyengars are Vaishnavites."}
+{"id": "68272", "revid": "1539758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68272", "title": "Kshatriya", "text": "Kshatriya is a division of the varna system in Hinduism. A \"kshatriya\" is a warrior, ruler, politician, or administrative worker. \nThere are 3 lineages of Kshatriyas:-\nHowever, there is one more lineage (not mentioned in any Puranas) - Nagavanshi (snake-born), who claims descent from the Nagas. "}
+{"id": "68273", "revid": "1639251", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68273", "title": "Vaishya", "text": "Vaishya is a division of the caste system. A vaishya is a trader, merchant or artisan.\nIn the modern time, the vaishyas are known as Baniyas in the Indian subcontinent."}
+{"id": "68275", "revid": "1649820", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68275", "title": "Shudra", "text": "Shudra is a division of the ancient Indian caste system. A shudra is considered a servant or peasant. Shudra and Ati-shudra indicates the bottom most ranks in the Indian caste system. \nMahatma Jyotirao Phule set out the history of shudra-ati-shudra communities in his book, \u2018\"Gulamgiri\u2019.\" He drew the attention to the exploitation of Shudras, Ati-shudras, and women etc. At this time, most prefer not even to touch such castes. "}
+{"id": "68277", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68277", "title": "Jnana yoga", "text": "In Hinduism, Jnana Yoga is the yoga or practice of knowledge. Jy\u00e2na in Sanskrit means \"knowledge\".\nIn the Bhagavad Gita Krishna says that jy\u00e2na consists of properly understanding \"kshetra\" (the field of activity\u2014that is, the body) and \"kshetra-jna\" (the knower of the body\u2014that is, the soul). Krishna emphasizes one must understand the difference between these two. \"Those who see with eyes of knowledge the difference between the body and the knower of the body, and can also understand the process of liberation from bondage in material nature, attain to the supreme goal.\""}
+{"id": "68278", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68278", "title": "Hendrix", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68281", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68281", "title": "Vedic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68283", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68283", "title": "Sama Veda", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68285", "revid": "1618275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68285", "title": "Atharvaveda", "text": " The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda () is one of the four Vedas in Hinduism. It is known as the \u201cknowledge storehouse of procedures for everyday life.\" This Veda is the fourth one and was added later to the Vedic scriptures. The language of the Atharvaveda is different from the Rigveda. It has 730 hymns with about 6,000 mantras, divided into 20 books. Some parts of it are taken from the Rigveda. There are two versions of the text - and . A well-preserved version of the was found in Odisha in 1957. \nThe Atharvaveda is sometimes referred to as the \"Veda of magical formulas,\" but the description is hardly apt. It has rituals for daily life, such as learning, marriage, and funerals, as well as royal rituals and duties of court priests. It was compiled probably around 1200 BCE \u2013 1000 BCE, concurrently with the Samaveda and Yajurveda. It too carries philosophical texts and three vital Upanishads known as Mundaka, Mandukya, and Prashna Upanishads."}
+{"id": "68288", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68288", "title": "London Borough of Tower Hamlets", "text": "The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is a London Borough a bit east of the City of London and north of the River Thames.\nVictoria Park is one of the most important parks. It has a canal running through it and lots of people like to walk their dogs."}
+{"id": "68289", "revid": "10475548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68289", "title": "Uriah Heep", "text": "Uriah Heep are an English hard rock band. They formed in December 1969."}
+{"id": "68290", "revid": "986092", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68290", "title": "E-book", "text": "An electronic book (also called an e-book, ebook, or digital book) is a book in digital form. E-books can be read on computers or other electronic devices such as e-book readers. E-book readers, such as the Amazon Kindle, the Kobo eReader and the are devices that are dedicated to showing e-books.\nHistory.\nThe first e-book might have been the Index Thonisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas made by Roberto Busa in the late 1940s. However, this is sometimes not called an ebook because the digital text was (at least at first) meant to develop an index and concordance, rather than as a published edition in its own right.\nDespite the extensive earlier history, it is commonly reported that the inventor of the e-book is Michael S. Hart. In 1971, Hart was given extensive computer time by the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois. He created his first electronic document by typing the United States Declaration of Independence into a computer.\nOne early e-book was the desktop prototype for a proposed notebook computer, the Dynabook, in the 1970s at the Palo Alto Research Center: a general-purpose portable personal computer capable of displaying books for reading.\nIn 1992, Sony launched the Data Discman, an electronic book reader that could read e-books that were stored on CDs. One of the electronic publications that could be played on the Data Discman was called The Library of the Future.\nEarly e-books were generally written for specialty areas and a limited audience, meant to be read only by small and devoted interest groups. The scope of the subject of these e-books included technical manuals for hardware, manufacturing techniques and other subjects. In the 1990s, the general availability of the Internet made transferring electronic files much easier, including e-books.\nThe current eBook standard is the file. There are other proprietary formats like .MOBI, AZW, IBA and PDF."}
+{"id": "68291", "revid": "844779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68291", "title": "Church\u2013Turing thesis", "text": "The Church-Turing thesis (also known as Church's thesis, Church's conjecture and Turing's thesis) is a statement about computers. It says that a very simple kind of computer now named a \u201cTuring machine\u201d is able to compute all computable functions. The Church-Turing thesis is linked to G\u00f6del's incompleteness theorems. \nWhen a programming language is able to do what a Turing machine can do, that language is called Turing complete. If a problem is solvable in one such language, then it is solvable in all of those. "}
+{"id": "68292", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68292", "title": "London Borough of Brent", "text": "The London Borough of Brent is a London borough in north-west London and is part of Greater London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Neasden Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council.\nBrent's population is estimated to be 339,800. Major areas are Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley, and Harlesden. Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Kenton being the smaller areas."}
+{"id": "68293", "revid": "10388480", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68293", "title": "London Borough of Ealing", "text": "The London Borough of Ealing is a London borough in West London, it is part of Greater London. It includes Ealing, famous for the Ealing Studios, a movie studio."}
+{"id": "68294", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68294", "title": "Tamamo-no-Mae", "text": "Tamamo-no-Mae (\u7389\u85fb\u524d) is a legendary figure in Japanese mythology and folklore. In the Otogizoshi, a collection of Japanese prose written in the Muromachi period, Tamamo-no-Mae was a courtesan under the Japanese Emperor Konoe. She was said to be the most beautiful and intelligent woman in Japan. Tamamo-no-Mae's body mysteriously always smelled wonderful, and her clothes never became dirty. Tamamo-no-Mae was not only beautiful, but she was very wise in all subjects. Although she appeared to be only twenty years old, there was no question that she could not answer. She answered every question posed to her, whether about music, religion, or astronomy. Because of her beauty and intelligence, everyone in the Imperial Court adored her, and Emperor Konoe fell deeply in love with her.\nAfter some time had passed, the Emperor suddenly and mysteriously fell ill. He went to many priests and fortune-tellers for answers, but they had none to offer. Finally, an astrologer told the Emperor that Tamamo-no-Mae was the cause of his illness. The astrologer explained that the beautiful young woman was in fact an evil fox with nine tails (kitsune), who was making the Emperor ill in an evil plan to take the throne. Following this, Tamamo-no-Mae disappeared from the court.\nThe Emperor ordered Kazusa-no-suke and Miura-no-suke, the most powerful warriors of the day, to hunt and kill the fox. After escaping from the hunters for some time, the fox appeared to Miura-no-suke in a dream. Once again in the form of the beautiful Tamamo-no-Mae, the fox told Miura-nosuke would kill it the next day, and begged for its life. Miura-no-suke refused.\nEarly the next day, the hunters found the fox on the Plain of Nasu, and Miura-no-suke shot and killed the magical creature with an arrow. The body of the fox became the Sessho-seki, or Killing Stone, which kills anyone that comes in contact with it. Tamamo-no-Mae's spirit became Hoji and haunted the stone.\nHoji is said to have haunted this stone until a Buddhist priest called Genno stopped for a rest near the stone and was threatened by Hoji. Genno did a certain spiritual ritual, and begged the spirit to consider her spiritual salvation, until finally Hoji surrendered and swore to never haunt the stone again.\nIn Matsuo Bash\u014d's famous book, \"The Narrow Road to the Deep North\" (Oku no Hosomichi), Bash\u014d tells of visiting the stone.\nThe stone split on March 5, 2022. While some have humorously said that Tamamo-no-Mae is now free, there is a far more general belief that the split is an omen of impending tragedy.\nTamamo-no-Mae's legend served as base for the noh drama \"Sessh\u014d-seki\" (\"The Killing Stone\") and the kabuki play \"Tamamo-no-Mae\" (or \"The Beautiful Fox Witch\")."}
+{"id": "68295", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68295", "title": "London Borough of Hounslow", "text": "The London Borough of Hounslow is a London borough in West London. The western District line and Piccadilly line pass through the Borough. The area was part of Middlesex, and is near to London Heathrow Airport. Through Houslow runs the A4 Great West Road.\nThe heart of Hounslow is the Treaty Centre, a two-floor shopping paradise with over 10 shops including a Debenhams. There is also a library. The musician M.I.A is from here, and the movie \"Bend it like Beckham\" is set in this part of London."}
+{"id": "68296", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68296", "title": "London Borough of Richmond upon Thames", "text": "The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames is a London borough in south west London."}
+{"id": "68297", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68297", "title": "Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames", "text": "The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a London borough in south-west London. It is one of three Royal boroughs in London."}
+{"id": "68299", "revid": "1294208", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68299", "title": "London Borough of Sutton", "text": "The London Borough of Sutton is a London borough in south west London. It borders the London Boroughs of Croydon, Merton and Royal Kingston, and the Surrey boroughs of Epsom and Ewell and Reigate and Banstead."}
+{"id": "68300", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68300", "title": "London Borough of Bromley", "text": "The London Borough of Bromley is a London Borough of south east London."}
+{"id": "68301", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68301", "title": "London Borough of Lewisham", "text": "The London Borough of Lewisham is a London borough in south east London."}
+{"id": "68302", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68302", "title": "London Borough of Bexley", "text": "The London Borough of Bexley () is a London Borough in south east London."}
+{"id": "68303", "revid": "10451804", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68303", "title": "London Borough of Havering", "text": "The London Borough of Havering is an east London borough. Romford is the major centre. Havering is connected to central London via the District Line, which terminates at Upminster & the Elizabeth Line which takes you to Harold Wood station in Havering. It terminates 2 stops further along at Shenfield, a major connecting station for the East and South East of England."}
+{"id": "68304", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68304", "title": "London Borough of Barking and Dagenham", "text": "The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham is a London borough in East London."}
+{"id": "68305", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68305", "title": "London Borough of Redbridge", "text": "The London Borough of Redbridge is a London borough in north east London."}
+{"id": "68306", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68306", "title": "London Borough of Newham", "text": "The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in east London."}
+{"id": "68307", "revid": "4303", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68307", "title": "Hank Williams, Jr.", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68308", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68308", "title": "London Borough of Waltham Forest", "text": "The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in east London.\nWaltham Forest has urban districts in the south with inner-city characteristics, and richer housing development in the north. The north has reservoirs, open spaces, small sections of Epping Forest, parks, and playing fields, which together cover a fifth (20%) of the borough."}
+{"id": "68309", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68309", "title": "London Borough of Haringey", "text": "The London Borough of Haringey is a London borough in north London. There are some interesting sights, for example, the stadium of the Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur and the Alexandra Palace."}
+{"id": "68310", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68310", "title": "London Borough of Barnet", "text": "The London Borough of Barnet is a London borough in north London."}
+{"id": "68311", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68311", "title": "London Borough of Harrow", "text": "The London Borough of Harrow is a London borough in north west London."}
+{"id": "68313", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68313", "title": "London Borough of Hillingdon", "text": "The London Borough of Hillingdon is a London borough. It is the farthest west borough of London."}
+{"id": "68324", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68324", "title": "Patti labelle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68325", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68325", "title": "Patti Labelle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68329", "revid": "9755935", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68329", "title": "John Shakespeare", "text": "Sir John Shakespeare II (c. 1530-September 1601) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was Sir William Shakespeare's father and husband of Mary Arden.\nSir John Shakespeare II was the son of English nobleman Sir Richard Shakespeare I (1490-1561) and Abigail Webb (1493-1565), John II was named after his paternal grandfather the English politician Sir John Shakespeare I (1460-1521), John II great-grandfather was the English politician Sir Thomas Shakespeare (1430-1511)."}
+{"id": "68330", "revid": "7365", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68330", "title": "John shakespeare", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68332", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68332", "title": "Norwegian Elkhound", "text": "The Norwegian Elkhound is a type of dog that was bred in Norway, where most of them are found. They are fluffy and are working dogs.\nThey have been living and working with humans since the stone age and served as a hunter, herder, guard and companion.\nA spitz, type with curled tale and pricked ears, the are friendly, playful and also great with kids.They are a great family dog, but needs a large garden and daily walks. They enjoy an active family that will play with them but are more than happy to live a less strenuous life but they must not be allowed to get lazy because as with all hounds, will put on weight in excess."}
+{"id": "68343", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68343", "title": "Kim Dae-jung", "text": "Kim Dae-jung (6 January 1924 \u2013 18 August 2009) was a South Korean president. In 2000, he got the Nobel Peace Prize. He is the first person from Korea to get a Nobel prize. A Roman Catholic since 1957, he has been called the \"Nelson Mandela\" of Asia Kim Dae Jung was the President (succeeding Kim Young-sam) from 1998 to 2003. He was born in Haui-do, South Jeolla Province, an island off the South Korean Coast in 1924.\nKim died on 18 August 2009 at a hospital in Seoul from cardiac arrest caused by multiple organ failure and pneumonia, aged 85."}
+{"id": "68344", "revid": "1382412", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68344", "title": "Conway's Game of Life", "text": "The Game of Life is a cellular automaton developed by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970.\nThe reason it is called a game is because people who play the game can set it up in different ways to make it do different things. Sometimes people play the game by changing the way everything is set up at the start to watch what happens. The Game of Life is a zero-player game because it changes without anybody playing (after the starting position is chosen).\nRules.\nThe game is played on a grid of squares called \"cells\", each cell is black (alive) or white (dead). When people are playing the game, they start by making some dead cells alive. Then the alive cells can make other cells alive or dead because of the rules of the game. The rules are:\nThe way a player sets up the first alive cells starts the game. The first level (generation) is made by using the 4 rules. After the player is done changing the cells, they do the same thing all over again to make the next level. The game is over when all the cells are dead or all the cells are alive or the game is doing the same thing over and over. The Game of Life is Turing-complete.\nHistory.\nJohn Horton Conway made the Game of Life because he wanted to know if he could make something out of cells that would make two of itself and get bigger. He combined lots of ideas in math to make the rules for the game. It is one of the first ever 'simulation games' that represent things that happen in real life. It is important because when used in complicated math, it can look at many things like physics, biology, economics, and philosophy.\nPatterns.\nPatterns are special things that happen in the game. Many different types of patterns happen, including static patterns where nothing changes between levels, repeating patterns where the cells that are alive and dead repeat, and patterns that move themselves across the board (\"spaceships\"). Common examples of these three classes are shown below, with live cells shown in black, and dead cells shown in white.\nThe \"block\" and \"boat\" do not change, the \"blinker\" and \"toad\" have 2 looks that repeat, and the \"glider\" and \"lightweight spaceship\" (\"LWSS\") are spaceships which keep moving across the cells in each level. The \"pulsar\" is the most common repeat that has 3 parts. Most of the repeating patterns have 2 parts, like the blinker and toad. .\nVariations on Life.\nSince the Game of Life was made, some people play with new rules. These rules are usually more ways to make cells alive or dead, or they are more rules to make it harder for cells to switch.\nSome variations change the way the cells look or where they are put.\nOther websites.\nMany other websites concerning the Game of Life can be found on . In addition, Game of Life News is a blog reporting on recent developments in the Game of Life by many individuals.\nSome additional links:"}
+{"id": "68347", "revid": "1660968", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68347", "title": "Bio Booster Armor Guyver", "text": "Bio-Booster Armor Guyver (Viz Media) or Guyver (Chuang Yi Publishing) (\u5f37\u6b96\u88c5\u7532\u30ac\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc, Ky\u014dshoku S\u014dk\u014d Gaib\u0101?) is a long-running manga series written by Yoshiki Takaya."}
+{"id": "68350", "revid": "1546554", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68350", "title": "Repulse Bay", "text": "Repulse Bay (, literally \"Shallow Water Bay\") is a famous beach in the southern part of Hong Kong Island. \nHistory.\nThere are many stories explaining how the bay got its name: in 1841, pirates took Repulse Bay and lived there. They frequently took things from ships. In order to protect the ships, the British Fleet repulsed (attacked) the pirates and their base. Due to this event, it was named Repulse Bay. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the name of Repulse Bay was changed to ).\nIt is one of the most expensive residential areas in the world."}
+{"id": "68352", "revid": "10288338", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68352", "title": "Saint John", "text": "Saint John or St. John could mean:"}
+{"id": "68353", "revid": "10484925", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68353", "title": "Pelagianism", "text": "Pelagianism is a theory named after Pelagius, a Celtic Christian theologian. It is the belief that people are not born with original sin and that mortal will can still choose good or evil without divine aid. For that reason, Adam's sin was set as a bad example for those that came after him, but it had no other consequences. Jesus came to set a good example, much like Adam's bad example, but also to pay the price for sins. Pelagius believed that because people choose to sin, they are like criminals who need to be pardoned, not victims of an inherited sinful nature.\nPelagianism was condemned as heresy at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD. However, some people believe that Pelagius was simply misunderstood. Today there are no known Pelagians, but there are people who follow Celtic Christianity tradition, which respects Pelagius as a good example."}
+{"id": "68355", "revid": "1570152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68355", "title": "Goggles", "text": "Goggles and safety glasses are thick, plastic glasses worn over the eyes to keep objects out of them. Goggles are used to keep water out of the eyes when swimming. They are used to keep snow out of the eyes when skiing and also protect the eyes from the sun. They are also used for safety reasons when working with instruments that can be dangerous, like chemical or when things might fly into the eyes. Special goggles are used for kinds of welding to protect the eyes from bright light."}
+{"id": "68356", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68356", "title": "Urashima Tar\u014d", "text": " is a Japanese fairy tale about a fisherman who rescues a turtle and is rewarded with a visit to the Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d, the Dragon Palace. There are many different versions of this story.\nStory.\nOne day, a fisherman named Urashima Taro was fishing when he noticed a turtle, which appeared to be in trouble. Taro saved the turtle and in return the turtle magically gave Taro gills and brought Taro to the Dragon Palace (Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d), deep underwater. The turtle turned out to be the daughter of Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d, a lovely princess. He stayed there with her for a few days, and received a mysterious box from her when he was leaving, which she told him never to open. What he did not realize that time in the Dragon Palace moves an awful lot slower than on land and when he returned 700 years had passed. When he got home he found that all of his family had died long ago. In grief, he opened the box. It revealed itself in a cloud of white smoke, it was his true age, and Urashima Taro aged and died."}
+{"id": "68357", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68357", "title": "Urashima Taro", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68360", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68360", "title": "Electrical generator", "text": "A generator usually means a machine that makes electrical energy. It has a generator head with wires, spinning inside a magnetic field. The resulting electromagnetic induction makes electricity flow through the wires. Hybrid electric vehicles carry a generator powerful enough to make them go. The biggest generators don't go anywhere; they stay in power stations.\nDifferent things can be used to make the generator head spin. Some small ones are cranked by someone's arms or legs. Bigger ones are connected to an engine. The biggest ones use a steam turbine or hydroelectric water power. Some use wind power. Whatever makes it turn, the generator converts this energy into electrical energy.\nSome portable generators have an internal combustion engine. They are harmful when used indoors because they make carbon monoxide.\nComponents.\nSimple generators have:\nSome kinds have:"}
+{"id": "68362", "revid": "9763227", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68362", "title": "Paste", "text": "Paste could mean:"}
+{"id": "68363", "revid": "11536", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68363", "title": "Evaporate", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68364", "revid": "11536", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68364", "title": "Ultrasonic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68366", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68366", "title": "Inert gas", "text": "An inert gas is a gas that does not usually react chemically with other things. Examples of inert gases are nitrogen (N2) and helium. \nAn inert gas made of separate atoms of one element is called a noble gas. Inert gases can also be made of more than one atom together. They can be gases of molecules or mixtures of gases of elements.\nInert gases are used in several ways. A gas made from nitrogen is used to keep vegetables from spoiling when they are transported. Other inert gases are used in welding. They are put into gasoline tanks to help prevent explosions."}
+{"id": "68383", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68383", "title": "Emperor Gaozu of Han", "text": "Emperor Gaozu of Han (, 256 BC or 247 BC \u2013 195 BC) was the founder of Han Dynasty. He ruled China from 202 BC until 195 BC. His name was Liu Bang () and Ji () was his courtesy name. He was born in Feng County. After defeating his enemy Xiang Yu, Liu Bang ruled China and became the first emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Han, Liu Bang's son, was the second emperor of the Han Dynasty.\nLife.\nOne day, Liu Bang's mother slept near the river bank. Suddenly, thick clouds darkened the sky and it thundered. Liu Bang's father, Liu Taigong, felt it strange and he worried over his wife's safety. He went to find his wife immediately. When Liu Taigong arrived, he saw a dragon sleeping on her body. After this incident, Liu Tai Gong's wife had a baby and Liu Bang was born soon."}
+{"id": "68387", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68387", "title": "Makkah", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68388", "revid": "1174418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68388", "title": "Unification Church", "text": "The Unification Church is a Cult movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. It officially began as a church in 1954 in Seoul, South Korea. On October 12, 2009, it was announced that Sun Myung Moon was given the church to his sons, Moon Hyung-jin, Moon Kook-jin, and Moon Hyun-jin.\nControversies.\nThe Unification Church is a controversial organization. Some people say it is a cult. Sun Myung Moon's says he is the \"Savior, Messiah, Returning Lord\" and used a Senate office building for a coronation ceremony. He also said that his teachings have helped Hitler and Stalin be \"reborn as new persons\". Many countries have recognized the organisation as a religion for legal purposes. This means the Unification Church has to pay less taxes, or no taxes at all.\nSome doubt the organization's religious origins. Frederick Sontag, a professor of philosophy whose view of the church is no longer favorable studied the Unification Church for 11 months. He concluded that \"one thing is sure: the church has a genuine spiritual basis.\" A German court made a similar finding.Some detractors have said that the church's main purpose is to advance Moon's political aspirations, such as the formation of a one world government.\nAbuse of money.\nCritics say the church misused money. They say the church made Moon rich. The Moon family situation is described as one of \"luxury and privilege\" and as \"lavish\".\nNansook Hong lived with the Moon family for 14 years. She describes the Unification Church as \"a cash operation\". She also pointed out there have been questionable movements of money, for example: \"The Japanese had no trouble bringing the cash into the United States; they would tell customs agents that they were in America to gamble at Atlantic City. In addition, many businesses run by the church were cash operations, including several Japanese restaurants in New York City. I saw deliveries of cash from church headquarters that went directly into the wall safe in Mrs. Moon's closet.\" In the 1990s, thousands of Japanese elderly people claimed to have been defrauded of their life savings by Moon followers' spiritual sales . Moon's church was the subject of the largest consumer fraud investigation in Japan's history in 1997 and number of subsequent court decisions awarded hundreds of millions of yen in judgments, including 37.6 million yen ($300,000) to pay two women coerced into donating their assets to the Unification Church.\nRecruitment and allegations of brainwashing.\nIn the United States in the 1970s, the media reported on the high-pressure recruitment methods of Unificationists and said that the church separated vulnerable college students from their families through the use of brainwashing or mind control. Moon dismissed these criticisms, stating in 1976 that he had received many thank-you letters from parents whose children became closer to them after joining the movement. (In 1977, Moon had a notice posted in all Unification Churches in America, saying that all members should write to their families no less than once every 10 days.)\nMoon and his wife were banned from entry into Germany and the other 14 Schengen treaty countries, on the grounds that they are leaders of a sect that endangered the personal and social development of young people. The Netherlands and a few other Schengen states let Moon and his wife enter their countries in 2005. In 2006 the German Supreme Court overturned the ban.\nPolitical activities.\nCritics of the Unification Church accused it of being closely involved with covert CIA-authored operations against communism in Korea during the 1960s. The Church is known to have been involved with weapon and munitions manufacturing in Korea since the 1960s, as documented in a 1978 United States Congressional Report on the Unification Church. The explanation given by Korean Unification Church members is that all manufacturers seeking to do business in South Korea were required to supply the military.\nSun Myung Moon's controversial religious and political Unification Movement, which includes not only the Unification Church but many civic organizations, including the Washington Times Foundation, is allied politically with evangelical Christians such as Jerry Falwell and Tim LaHaye. Advocates adhering to this point of view have challenged the church's tax-exempt status in the US, arguing that the political activities of church-related groups are an intrusion of the church into political areas.\nRev. Moon's infidelity.\nIn her 1998 book \"In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family\", Nansook Hong, ex-wife of Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han's eldest son Hyo Jin Moon said that both Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han told her about Sun Myung Moon's extramarital affairs (which she said he called \"providential affairs\"), including one which resulted in the birth of a boy raised by a church leader, named by Sun Myung Moon's daughter Un Jin Moon on the news show \"60 Minutes\".\nIn 1993, Chung Hwa Pak released the book \"Roku Maria no Higeki\" (\"Tragedy of the Six Marys\") through the Koyu Publishing Co. of Japan. The book contained allegations that Moon conducted sex rituals amongst six married female disciples (\"The Six Marys\") who were to have prepared the way for the virgin who would marry Moon and become the True Mother. Chung Hwa Pak had left the movement when the book was published and later withdrew the book from print when he rejoined the Unification Church. Before his death Chung Hwa Pak published a second book, \"The Apostate\", and recanted all allegations made in \"Roku Maria no Higeki\".\nSouth America.\nAuthorities in Brazil and Paraguay have expressed concerns over the Church's purchases in recent years of large tracts of land in South America, in the hundreds of thousands of acres.\nIn May 2002, federal police in Brazil conducted a number of raids on organizations linked to Sun Myung Moon. In a statement, the police stated that the raids were part of a broad investigation into allegations of tax evasion and immigration violations by Moon's organization. The Association of Families for Unification and World Peace was the target of the raids, which took place in Rio de Janeiro, S\u00e3o Paulo, and the personal residence of Moon's primary representative in Brazil, Reverend Kim Yoon-sang. As of 2008 no legal action had been taken by the Brazilian government resulting from their investigations.\nAnti-gay teachings.\nMoon has spoken vehemently against homosexual activity. In talks to church members he compared homosexuals to \"dirty dung-eating dogs\" and prophesied that \"gays will be eliminated\" in a \"purge on God's orders\". These statements were criticized by gay rights groups.\nB. A. Robinson of the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance wrote:"}
+{"id": "68389", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68389", "title": "Philip Pullman", "text": "Sir Philip Pullman (born Norwich, England, 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of \"His Dark Materials\", a trilogy of fantasy novels, and a number of other books. In 2008, \"The Times\" named Pullman in its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\".One of the greatest books to come around in the 20th century\nPerspective on religion.\nPullman is a supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society. \"New Yorker\" journalist Laura Miller has described Pullman as one of England's most outspoken atheists, although Pullman describes himself as an agnostic.\nOn 15 September 2010, Pullman along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in \"The Guardian\" newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI being given \"the honour of a state visit\" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says \"The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties (\"concordats\") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states\". Other signers included Stephen Fry, Professor Richard Dawkins, Terry Pratchett, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet."}
+{"id": "68392", "revid": "9828740", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68392", "title": "Yomi", "text": "Yomi (\u9ec4\u6cc9), the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits. According to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki, this is where the dead go to exist and rot forever. When one eats at the hearth of Yomi it is impossible to return to the land of the living. \nOverview.\nYomi is similar to Hades or Hell. In the Shintoist tradition, Yomi is known because Izanami retreated to that place after her death. Izanagi followed her there and when he returned, he washed himself, creating Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Tsukuyomi. (See Japanese mythology.)\nYomi is different from Christian Hell in that all souls go there, no matter their actions in life; and one does not receive punishment for evils made when alive. It is a dirty and polluted place. In Japanese tradition, pollution is usually associated to evil. By the tradition of Kojiki, Yomi is usually believed to be underground, and its entrance to be located in Izumo province. There is no knowledge about what happens to the souls when they go to the Yomi, whether they are punished or rewarded for their actions.\nYomi is ruled over by Izanami no Mikoto, the Grand Deity of Yomi (\"Yomotsu-\u014ckami\" \u9ec4\u6cc9\u5927\u795e). According to Kojiki. The entrance to Yomi was blocked by Izanagi when he returned to Earth, using a great boulder (\"Chibiki-no-Iwa\" \u5343\u5f15\u306e\u5ca9) at the base of the slope that leads to Yomi (\"Yomotsu Hirasaka\" \u9ec4\u6cc9\u5e73\u5742)."}
+{"id": "68393", "revid": "7605733", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68393", "title": "Eve", "text": "Eve could mean:\nDays.\nThe day before, or the evening before, a holiday, such as:"}
+{"id": "68397", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68397", "title": "Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d", "text": "In Japanese mythology, Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d (\u7adc\u5bae\u57ce) is the palace of Ry\u016bjin, the dragon god of the sea. It is located under the sea. Depending on the version of the legend, it is built from red and white coral, or from solid crystal. Those that live in the palace were Ry\u016bjin's servants, which were various creatures of the sea. On each of the four sides of the palace is a different season, and one day at the palace is the same as 100 years on earth. In legend, Urashima Tar\u014d visits Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d."}
+{"id": "68399", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68399", "title": "Ryugu-jo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68402", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68402", "title": "Imp", "text": "An imp is a mythological creature similar to a fairy or demon, usually described in folklore and superstition.\nImps are usually described as mischievous more than a serious threat, and as lesser creatures, not important supernatural beings. The small helpers who attend the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as small and very active.\nImps were the common name given to familiar spirits that served witches in the Middle Ages. Imps were usually kept inside artifacts such as gemstone pieces or vials and summoned for service with magic. "}
+{"id": "68403", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68403", "title": "British Asians", "text": "British Asians are a group of people in the United Kingdom. British Asians are part of ethnic groups that come from Asia. Asians were 7% of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The ancestors of most British Asians lived in South Asia. Many British Asians are British Indians, British Pakistanis, or British Bangladeshis, all from South Asia. Most of the others are British Chinese and British Japanese, both from East Asia. Others come from other countries in Asia.\nAfter the crackdown on democracy in Hong Kong and the passage of the national security law in 2020 at least 144,000 people left Hong Kong and moved to the United Kingdom.\nIn the 2021 census \"Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh\" people were 9.3% (5.5 million) of the population of England and Wales. This was the largest percentage increase from 2011, when it was 4.2 million people."}
+{"id": "68404", "revid": "10492887", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68404", "title": "Black British", "text": "Black British are people who live in the United Kingdom that are Black.\nThe 2001 UK census says there were 4.2 million Black British people. They were 2.33% of the population of the England and Wales. In the 2021 census 4% of people said they were Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African. That was 2.4 million people in England and Wales.\nIn the past, Black British used to mean any British person who was not Causasian, like British Asians, but people say that it was because of racism in England at that time."}
+{"id": "68405", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68405", "title": "Meiji era", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68406", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68406", "title": "Ry\u016bjin", "text": "Ry\u016bjin (Japanese \u9f8d\u795e \"dragon god\", also called Rinjin and Owatatsumi) was the god of the sea in Japanese mythology. He was a dragon, a symbol of the power of the ocean, had a very big mouth, and could transform into human shape. Ry\u016bjin lived in Ry\u016bg\u016b-j\u014d, his palace under the sea built out of red and white coral, from where he was believed to control the tides with magical \"tide jewels\". Sea turtles, fish and jellyfish were Ry\u016bjin's servants.\nRy\u016bjin was the father of the beautiful goddess Otohime who married the hunter prince Hoori. The first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have been a grandson of Otohime and Hoori's. This means, Ry\u016bjin is believed to be one of the ancestors of the Japanese imperial dynasty.\nA legend about Ry\u016bjin is the story about how the jellyfish lost its bones. This story tells that once, Ry\u016bjin wanted to eat monkey's heart, and sent the jellyfish to get him a monkey. The monkey managed to escape from the jellyfish by telling him that he had put his heart in a jar in the forest, and offered to go and get it. When the jellyfish came back and told Ry\u016bjin what had happened, Ry\u016bjin became so angry that he beat the jellyfish until its bones were all broken."}
+{"id": "68407", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68407", "title": "Ryujin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68408", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68408", "title": "Takamagahara", "text": "Takama-ga-hara (Japanese: \u9ad8\u5929\u539f), literally \"High Heaven's Plain\" but usually translated as the \"High Plain of Heaven,\" is a place in Japanese mythology. In Shinto, Takama-ga-hara is the place where the Kami live. The legends say it's connected to the Earth by the bridge \"Ama-no uki-hashi\" (the \"Floating Bridge of Heaven\"). In Shinto, when a kami is worshipped, it is invited to leave Takama-ga-hara and enter a shrine."}
+{"id": "68409", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68409", "title": "Takama-ga-hara", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68410", "revid": "139034", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68410", "title": "TV Guide", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68411", "revid": "10471797", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68411", "title": "Gospel music", "text": "Gospel music is a style of music. It is often written to express personal or group belief, regarding Christianity. This music is used to praise, worship and thank God, Christ or the Holy Spirit. Perhaps the most famous gospel song is Amazing Grace.\nCommon Themes.\nMany gospel songs are about heaven. Others tell about when the singer was saved. Gospel songs may be based on the feelings or experience of the writer. Gospel songs tend to be more personal than hymns. Hymns are often directed to God or telling about God.\nTypes of Gospel Music.\nThere are many types of gospel music. Some of them are spirituals, traditional, gospel blues, southern gospel, country gospel, bluegrass gospel and sacred harp. The way of singing is the main thing that is different. The message may be quite similar between the types.\nHow Gospel Music is sung.\nMost types of gospel music have a typical way of being sung. Traditional (Black) gospel often uses a large choir, with one or two soloists. Gospel blues were sung by a single singer with a guitar. Southern gospel is almost always sung by a quartet with a piano. Bluegrass gospel has a few singers with stringed instruments. Sacred harp is sung by a large group with no instruments. "}
+{"id": "68412", "revid": "10106207", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68412", "title": "Salsa", "text": "Salsa is a type of music and dance of hispanic origin. Salsa music is based on Cuban music. This is a \"fusion\" of musical ideas which originally came from Africa and Spain.\nDuring 1965-1975 in New York, musicians of Cuban and Puerto Rican origin combined to produce this Cuban-style music. The music got the label of 'salsa'. No-one really knows how this happened, but everyone recognised how good it was to have a label for it. Over time, salsa bands worked in other influences. For example, in the late 60s Willie Colon developed numbers that made use of Brazilian rhythms. N.Y. radio programmes offered 'salsarengue' as a further combination.\nThe question of whether or not salsa is anything more than Cuban music has been argued over for more than thirty years. Initially, not much difference could be heard. Later it became clear that salsa in New York was a bit different from popular music in Cuba. Also, Miami, Venezuela, Colombia and other places all had their own ideas. It now seems clear that salsa has receded from the great position it achieved in the late 1970s, at any rate in New York. The reasons for this are also much disputed. It is difficult for any music which uses a foreign language to succeed in the biggest English-speaking market-place.\nSalsa as a dance can be seen in all the places mentioned. Unlike standard ballroom dancing, there is no clear agreement on how it should be danced, and the methods differ widely in detail. The teaching of salsa is also rather undeveloped. But, as a general guide, salsa dancing is rather like other dances from Cuba, such as the cha-cha-cha."}
+{"id": "68413", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68413", "title": "Gwen Stefani", "text": "Gwen Ren\u00e9e Stefani (born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, fashion designer, actress and television presenter. She was born on October 3, 1969 in Fullerton, California. She was raised in Anaheim, California. She has millions of fans around the world. She is a member of the band No Doubt, and has also released two solo albums. One of her biggest hits is \"Hollaback Girl\".\nPersonal life.\nOn September 14, 2002 Gwen married Gavin Rossdale, the singer of Bush. They have three sons together, Kingston James McGregor Rossdale (born on May 26, 2006), Zuma Nesta Rock Rossdale (born on August 21, 2008), and Apollo Bowie Flynn Rossdale (February 28, 2014). \nOn August 3, 2015, she filed for divorce from Rossdale, citing \"irreconcilable differences\" and their divorce was finalized on April 8, 2016.\nStefani says as a child she was diagnosed with dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. On October 20, 2014, Stefani released the first single from her third album, \"Baby Don't Lie\".\nAs of 2017, Stefani is said to be dating her \"The Voice\" co-star Blake Shelton.\nDiscography.\nSingles.\nMusic charts and singles:"}
+{"id": "68414", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68414", "title": "Izumo Province", "text": " was an old province of Japan in the area of Shimane Prefecture on the island of Honsh\u016b. It was sometimes called . \nThe province had borders with Iwami, Bingo and H\u014dki provinces.\nIn the 8th century, Matsue became the provincial capital city.\nHistory.\nIn the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Izumo Province were reformed in the 1870s.\nTemples and Shrines.\n\"Izumo taisha\" was the chief Shinto shrine (\"ichinomiya\") of Izumo. "}
+{"id": "68415", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68415", "title": "Mount Hiei", "text": " is a mountain that is northeast of Kyoto city. It is at the border between the Kyoto and Shiga prefectures, Japan.\nMount Hiei appeared in many folk tales in different centuries. Traditionally, people believed it to be the home of gods and demons of Shinto."}
+{"id": "68416", "revid": "9297", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68416", "title": "Omaha Hi Lo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68417", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68417", "title": "Momotar\u014d", "text": " is a popular hero from Japanese folklore. His name literally means \"Peach Tar\u014d\". Because \"Tar\u014d\" is a common Japanese boy's name, it is usually translated as \"Peach Boy\". \"Momotar\u014d\" is also the name of several books, films, and other works that tell the tale of this hero.\nThe most common version of this tale (from the Edo period), tells Momotar\u014d came to earth inside a giant peach. The peach was found floating down a river by an old woman without children who was washing clothes there. The woman and her husband found the child when they tried to open the peach to eat it. The child explained that he had been sent by Heaven to be their son. The couple called him Momotar\u014d, from \"momo\" (peach) and \"tar\u014d\" (oldest son in the family).\nAn older version of the story tells the old woman discover the giant, floating peach and take it home with her, as she finds it to be of good color and looking tasty. After eating a piece of the peach, the old woman is rejuvenated and becomes young and beautiful again. When her old husband comes home from the hills, he is surprised to find a lovely young lady in his house. At first he does not even recognize his own wife in her new form, but she explains what happened to him. She then gives her husband a piece of the peach to eat, and he also becomes young again. That night, the couple makes love, and the woman becomes pregnant as a result. She later gives birth to their first child, a son, whom they name \"Tar\u014d\", as that is a common Japanese name for a first son. This version of the story is the oldest one that is written in old texts, but it appears to have been changed with the version without sex in school textbooks of the Meiji period. The peach is often seen as a symbol of sex or fertility in Japan, because its fruit is believed to be similar to a woman's buttocks.\nYears later, Momotar\u014d left his parents for an island called Onigashima to destroy the evil oni (demons or ogres) that lived there. On his way, Momotar\u014d met and became friends with a talking dog, monkey, and pheasant, who agreed to help him in his mission. At the island, Momotar\u014d and his animal friends entered the demons' fort and beat the demons' leader, Ura, and his army. Momotar\u014d returned home with his new friends, and his family lived happily from then on."}
+{"id": "68418", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68418", "title": "Momotaro", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68422", "revid": "1601409", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68422", "title": "Ama-no-Uzume", "text": "Ame-no-Uzume-no-mikoto (\u5929\u5b87\u53d7\u58f2\u547d) is the Kami of dawn, happiness and joy in the Shinto religion of Japan. She is famous for her role in the tale of the sun goddess, Amaterasu.\nAmaterasu's brother, the storm god Susano'o (\u9808\u4f50\u4e4b\u7537\u547d), had vandalised her sacred buildings and killed her maidens because she refused to trust him. Amaterasu became so scared of his wrath that she went to hide into a cave, Ame-no-Iwato (\u5929\u306e\u5ca9\u6238). The world, without the light of the sun, became dark. The Oni (devils of Japanese mythology) came out to the dark world, and the gods could not make Amaterasu come out of the cave.\nThe intelligent Uzume took a small boat, turned it upside down near the cave entrance, and began a dance on it, tearing off her clothing in front of the other Kami. They thought this was so funny that they laughed happily.\nAmaterasu heard them, and looked out to see why the gods were laughing. When she opened the cave, she saw her wonderful reflection in a mirror Uzume had put on a tree, and slowly came out of the cave.\nAt that moment, the god Ameno-Tajikarawo (\u5929\u624b\u529b\u7537\u547d) closed the cave behind her, so she could not go back in. Another god tied a magic rope across the entrance. The sun goddess was then asked by the Kami Ame-no-Koyane (\u5929\u5150\u5c4b\u6839\u547d) to go back with the gods. She agreed, and light came back to the earth.\nUzume is still worshipped today as a Shinto kami. She is also known as Ame-no-Uzume, \"The Great Persuader\", and \"The Heavenly Alarming Female\"."}
+{"id": "68423", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68423", "title": "Izumo province", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68424", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68424", "title": "Wrath", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68425", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68425", "title": "Susanoo", "text": "Susanoo (Japanese: \u9808\u4f50\u4e4b\u7537\u547d, \"Susanoo-no-Mikoto\"; also romanized as \"Susano'o\", \"Susa-no-O\", and \"Susanowo\") is the kami of the sea and storms in Shinto.\nSusano'o is the brother of Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun, and of Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon. All three were created from Izanagi, when he washed his face to clean the dirtiness of Yomi, the underworld. Amaterasu was born when Izanagi washed out his left eye, Tsukuyomi was born from the washing of the right eye, and Susano'o from the washing of the nose.\nThe tales tell of great between Susano'o and his sister. When he was to leave Heaven forever because Izanagi ordered him to, he went to say goodbye to his sister. Amaterasu, suspicious, proposed him a challenge: each of them was to turn an object of the other's into people. Amaterasu created three women from Susano'o's sword while he created five men from her necklace. Amaterasu said the men were hers because they were born of her necklace. Susano'o destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed one of her assistants in anger. For this, Amaterasu, sad, angry and scared, went to hide inside Ama-no-Iwato, the \"heavenly rock cave\", so the Sun was hidden and the world became dark for a long time.\nAmaterasu later was made to come out of the cave, but Susano'o was punished by being banished from Heaven. He came down to the province of Izumo, where he met an old couple. Seven of their eight daughters had been eaten by the eight-headed serpent Yamata-no-Orochi and it was about to come for the eighth, Kushi-inada-hime. After the couple promised their daughter's hand in marriage to Susano'o, he agreed to kill Orochi. With the help of eight bowls of \"sake\" (one for each head), Susano'o cut the head off the monster when it was sleeping.\nFrom one of Orochi's tails, Susano'o took out a sword, which he called \"Ame-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi\" (\"Heaven's Cloud-Gathering Sword\"), later known as the \"Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi\". The sword was given to Amaterasu as a gift and was later given to her descendant Ninigi (the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu), with the \"Yata-no-Kagami\" (a mirror) and \"magatama\" (sacred jewels) as proof of his divine right to rule on Earth (the three Imperial Regalia of Japan).\nIzumo.\nAmaterasu's shrine is at Ise Shrine, and Susano'o's is in Izumo, where he came down to Earth when banished from heaven. Izumo is home to the oldest shrines in Japan.\nIn popular culture.\nIn a Meitei language play named \"Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba\" (), the role of Susanoo was played by \"Romario Thoudam Paona\". The play interweaves the stories of two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi of Japanese mythology and Keibu Keioiba of Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology)."}
+{"id": "68426", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68426", "title": "Susano'o", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68428", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68428", "title": "Izumo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68430", "revid": "1174418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68430", "title": "Ninigi-no-Mikoto", "text": "Ninigi no Mikoto (\u74ca\u74ca\u6775\u5c0a) is in Japanese mythology the son of Ame no Oshihomimi no Mikoto, and grandson of Amaterasu, who sent him down to earth to plant rice there. He was the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu.\nOverview.\nAmaterasu sent him to bring peace to Japan by bringing the three gifts from Heaven used by the emperor. The sword, Kusanagi, the mirror, Yata no kagami, and the jewel, Yasakani no magatama. These three gifts mean to the world that the emperor is the descendant of Amaterasu herself.\nThe tale of Ninigi no Mikoto being sent to earth is told in the Nihon Shoki."}
+{"id": "68431", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68431", "title": "Ninigi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68433", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68433", "title": "Ninigi no Mikoto", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68437", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68437", "title": "Preston", "text": "Preston is a city in North West England which is the county town of Lancashire. It is near the River Ribble. It became a city in 2002. This was the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign.\nChorley and Leyland are towns not far away from Preston. In 2001, a census said that there were 335,000 people living in Preston.\nHistory.\nIn 1179, Preston was given a charter (document) which let the town's trader travel around the United Kingdom without paying tolls.\nPreston Guild is held in Preston. The chief industry of Preston was formerly the making of cotton cloth. The Preston bypass (road around the city) was built in the 1950s. Among the important buildings in Preston are the Harris Museum, Art Gallery and Public Library, and the county council's headquarters. Preston railway station is an importance junction on the west coast main line; the M6 motorway connects Preston to Cumbria (northwards) and Cheshire (southwards).\nSports.\nThe football team in Preston is Preston North End F.C. which plays at Deepdale. They were the first team to be English football champions in 1889.\nEducation.\nPreston is home to the University of Central Lancashire, established in 1828 and originally being called The Institution For The Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. It is one of the largest universities in the UK, having around 38,000 staff and students."}
+{"id": "68438", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68438", "title": "Greek religion", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68439", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68439", "title": "Onry\u014d", "text": "Onry\u014d (\u6028\u970a) is a Japanese ghost (\"Y\u016brei\", \u5e7d\u970a) who is believed to be able to return to the world of the living to seek revenge. Some onry\u014d are male, mostly in Kabuki, but most of them are women. They usually suffer at the hands of their male lovers when they were alive, because they were weak, but they become strong in death.\nIn Japanese tradition, the spiritual world has Yomi (hell) on one side and the world of the living in the other. In the middle, there is a waiting area, like a purgatory, where spirits lie in doubt before moving on. Some spirits, especially those of murdered people, can go back to the world of the living, influenced by feelings of anger, sadness, or love.\nOnry\u014d and y\u016brei do not have a particular look. But the popularity of Kabuki in the Edo period meant that a costume was created to show what they look like. This usually included a white burial kimono, long and black, messy hair, and white and purple make-up. The influence of this image can be seen in modern movies about Onry\u014d, like \"Ring\"."}
+{"id": "68440", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68440", "title": "Onryo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68445", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68445", "title": "Generator", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68446", "revid": "1629609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68446", "title": "British Chinese", "text": "British Chinese, also Chinese British, Chinese Britons or British-born Chinese (often informally referred to as BBCs), are people of Chinese ancestry who were born in or have moved to the United Kingdom. According to the 2001 census, there are 247,403 British Chinese people living in the United Kingdom, who make up almost 0.5% of the country's population."}
+{"id": "68450", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68450", "title": "British African-Caribbean people", "text": "The British African-Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean) community are residents of the United Kingdom who are of British West Indian background and whose ancestors came first from Africa. Around 566,000 people fitted that description in 2001. in the 2021 Census 623,119 people in England and Wales described themselves in this way.\nThese people are often called Black British."}
+{"id": "68457", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68457", "title": "Rowing at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68473", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68473", "title": "Flag of Switzerland", "text": "Switzerland\u2019s national flag was adopted on December 12, 1889, which is one of the world\u2019s oldest flags. The Flag of Switzerland is a red field, a white cross whose arms are one-sixth longer than their width. The relationship between the span of the cross and the width of the flag has not been established, but in practice the ratio is about 2:3 or 7:10.\nHistory.\nThe Swiss cross on a red field ultimately derives from a similar banner of the Holy Roman Empire, and thus has strong Christian connotations. The Swiss flag traditionally stands for freedom, honour and fidelity. The motto \"Honor et Fidelitas\" was inscribed on the cross of several Swiss mercenary flags of the 18th century. In modern times, through association with consistent Swiss policy, the flag has also come to mean neutrality, democracy, peace and refuge."}
+{"id": "68474", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68474", "title": "M6", "text": "M6 or M-6 may mean:\nIn roads:"}
+{"id": "68476", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68476", "title": "Nurhaci", "text": "Taizu Emperor (, 1559 - 1626) was the founding father of the Qing Dynasty. His name was Nurhaci and Aisin Gioro was his surname. The reign name was Tian Ming. Nurhaci was Manchurian. He was also the creator of the Manchu alphabet.\nLife.\nIn 1580, Nurhaci became the Jianzhou general of the Ming Dynasty. He unified the Manchu tribe and organised the Eight Banners.\nIn 1616, Nurhaci declared himself Khan (King) and founded the Jin Dynasty in Liaoning.\nIn 1618, in order to encourage people to against the Ming Dynasty. Nurhaci wrote an article called the Seven Great Vexations and sent it to the public.\nForm 1618 until 1622, Nurhaci led armies to against the Ming Dynasty. He successfully occupied 70 cities in the north-eastern part of China. The capital was changed to Liao Yang after several battles.\nIn 1622, Nurhaci's armies captured Guangning.\nIn 1626, Nurhaci led armies to attack the Ningyuan city. Unluckily, Nurhaci was wounded by Yuan Chonghuan's Portuguese cannon and he died 2 days later at a little town called De-A Man."}
+{"id": "68477", "revid": "1679982", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68477", "title": "Japanese dragon", "text": "A Japanese dragon, also known as is a mythical animal from Japan.\nLike other creatures called dragons, the Ry\u016b is a big, fantastic animal that looks similar to a serpent, and is related to the Chinese \"l\u00f3ng\" and the Korean \"yong\". Like all these Asian dragons, it is shown without wings, has legs with claws, and usually lives in the ocean, the clouds, or heavens. Japanese dragons do not fly as often as the Chinese one, which is the reason why they usually appear much more like serpents. The \"ry\u016b\" in art has only three toes, instead of the \"l\u00f3ng's\" five or the \"yong's\" four.\nJapanese dragons usually live in the sea. This is because Japan is an island, and the sea is present in most of its geography.\n\"Ry\u016b\" originated from China and is one of the four creatures from heavens of Japanese mythology (the other three are the phoenix, turtle and tiger). It has often been the symbol of the Emperor or of a hero.\nDragons in Japanese mythology.\nIn Japanese mythology, one of the first dragons is the Yamata-no-Orochi, a very big serpent with eight heads and eight tails. The serpent ate girls, and it was killed by Susanoo after Susanoo tricked the creature into becoming drunk on sake. Dragons are common in Japanese folklore typically in the Edo period (1603 - 1863), but Dragons (Ryu) appear in Japanese Stories back to the 8th century.\nDragons in later Japanese folklore were often good, perhaps because of influence from Chinese culture. In Urashima Tar\u014d, the main character rescues a turtle which turns out to be the son of Ry\u016bjin, the dragon king of the ocean."}
+{"id": "68478", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68478", "title": "Ry\u016b", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68479", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68479", "title": "Tatsu", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68480", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68480", "title": "L\u00f3ng", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68486", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68486", "title": "Japanese mythology", "text": "Japanese mythology is a system of beliefs that includes Shinto and Buddhist traditions. The Shinto religion alone has many \"kami\" (Japanese for \"gods\" or \"spirits\"). \nMost Japanese myths, as generally known today, are based on the \"Kojiki\", \"Nihonshoki\" and some other books. The \"Kojiki\" or \"Record of Ancient Things\" is the oldest known book of myths, legends, and history of Japan. The \"Shintoshu\" explains origins of Japanese gods and goddesses from a Buddhist point of view while the \"Hotsuma Tsutae\" has a very different version of mythology.\nOne notable thing of Japanese mythology is that it explains birth of Amaterasu, the origin of the Imperial family, and assigned them divinity. The Japanese word for the Emperor of Japan, \"tenn\u014d\" (\u5929\u7687), means \"heavenly emperor\"."}
+{"id": "68487", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68487", "title": "Meiji Period", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68489", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68489", "title": "Huang Taiji", "text": "Huang Taiji (; 1592 - 1643) was the emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. His reign names were Tian Cong and Chong De. Huang Taiji was the eighth son of Taizu Emperor (Nurhaci). He reigned the Manchu trible from 1627 until 1643. \nLife.\nIn 1612, Huang Taiji followed his father, Nurhaci, to attack Wu La. He was awarded \"Beile\", a traditional title of Manchu nobility below prince. In 1616, he was ordered to deal with government affairs with another Beili, Dai Shan. Huang became the \"Khan\" (King) of the Manchu trible in n 1626.\nIn 1636, Huang took control of the southern part of Mongol, the north-eastern part of China and Korea. He started the Qing Dynasty. Huang Taiji died in 1643 of apoplexy."}
+{"id": "68490", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68490", "title": "Japanese folklore", "text": "Japanese folklore is the folklore of Japan. It is very influenced by Shinto and Buddhism, the two most important religions in the country. It usually includes humorous or strange characters and situations. It also includes many supernatural creatures, such as \"kami\" (gods and revered spirits), \"y\u014dkai\" (monster-spirits) (like \"oni\", \"kappa\", and \"tengu\"), \"onry\u014d\" (ghosts), dragons, and animals with supernatural powers like the \"kitsune\" (fox), \"tanuki\" (raccoon dog), \"mujina\" (badger), and \"bakeneko\" (transforming cat).\nJapanese folklore is often divided into several categories: \"mukashibanashi,\" tales of long-ago; \"namidabanashi\", sad stories; \"obakebanashi\", ghost stories; \"ongaeshibanashi\", stories of kindness; \"tonchibanashi\", witty stories; \"waraibanashi\", funny stories; and \"yokubaribanashi\", stories of greed.\nSome famous Japanese folktales and legends include:"}
+{"id": "68492", "revid": "656019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68492", "title": "Meiji period", "text": "The , also known as the Meiji era, was a after \"Kei\u014d\" and before \"Taish\u014d.\" This period started in September 1868 and ended in July 1912. During this time, the emperor was .\nThe \"neng\u014d\" \"Meiji\" means \"Enlightened Rule\" or \"Enlightened Government\".\nEvents of the \"Meiji\" period.\nThe years in which Meiji was the Japanese monarch comprise this modern period or era."}
+{"id": "68493", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68493", "title": "Japanese Folklore", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68494", "revid": "321203", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68494", "title": "Fishermen", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68495", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68495", "title": "Pheasant", "text": "Pheasants are a group of large birds in the order Galliformes. Males pheasants are usually larger and flashier than the females. They have feathers of bright colours and long tails. \nThere are 35 species of pheasant in 11 different genera. Native pheasants are restricted to Eurasia. \nIn many countries pheasant species are hunted, often illegally, as game. Several species are threatened by this and other human activities.\nChukar is the official \"National bird\" of Pakistan.\nImplications.\nThe fact is that \"pheasant\" is not the name of a particular bird. It is the common name for a type of bird which has independently evolved in many different places."}
+{"id": "68496", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68496", "title": "Pentatonic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68499", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68499", "title": "AOC", "text": "AOC can mean:"}
+{"id": "68501", "revid": "172028", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68501", "title": "Galena (disambiguation)", "text": "Galena is a mineral and an important lead ore.\nGalena could also mean:"}
+{"id": "68503", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68503", "title": "Polytonality", "text": "Polytonality is the use in music of several keys at the same time. Music such as this is called polytonal.\nBitonality is the use in music of two keys at the same time. Music such as this is called bitonal.\nMost traditional music is \"in a particular key\" e.g. in \"C major\" or in \"D major\" or in \"D minor\". Music that is in C major uses the notes of a C major scale.\nIn 20th century some composers sometimes wrote music which is in more than one key at once. A well-known example is the beginning of the second tableau of Igor Stravinsky's ballet, \"Petrushka\". The first clarinet plays a melody that uses the notes of the C major chord, while the second clarinet plays a different version of the same melody using the notes of the F sharp major chord.\nComposers who have used bitonality or polytonality include Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k, Charles Ives and many others."}
+{"id": "68504", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68504", "title": "Rinjin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68506", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68506", "title": "Austro-Hungarian Empire", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68507", "revid": "1142876", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68507", "title": "Magyar", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68508", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68508", "title": "Storms", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68546", "revid": "731605", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68546", "title": "M1 motorway", "text": "The M1 motorway is an important motorway in England. It joins London and Leeds. It was the second motorway to be built in the UK, after the Preston bypass (which later formed part of the M6). It was the first UK motorway to be built that joined two cities, London and Birmingham.\nLocation.\nThe motorway is 193 miles (310 km) long. It was built in four phases. Some of the motorway was opened in 1959. Other sections opened between 1965 and 1968. Two extensions were opened in 1977 and 1999.\nThe motorway is part of the unsigned European route E13.\nHistory.\nThe first section of the motorway opened between Junction 5 (Watford) and Junction 18 (Rugby). It opened on 2 November 1959. This included two of the motorway's spurs, the M10 at Junction 7, and the M45 at Junction 17. It followed near to the A5.\nIn 1965, an extension from Junction 18 towards Yorkshire was built. The motorway takes a more northerly route through the East Midlands. It passes near Leicester, Loughborough and Nottingham to Sheffield . Here the M18 splits from the M1 at Junction 32.\nIn 1972 an extension of the M1 was opened into central Leeds. It was called the Leeds South Eastern Motorway. It meets the Leeds South Western Motorway (M621) at Junction 43.\nThe first motorway service station was built on the M1 in 1959. It is currently operated by RoadChef.\nJunctions.\n!scope=col|mile\n!scope=col|km\n!scope=col abbr=\"Southbound\"|Southbound exits (B carriageway)\n!scope=col|Junction\n!scope=col abbr=\"Northbound\"|Northbound exits (A carriageway)\n!scope=col|Coordinates\nStansted Airport, Dartford, M11, M20"}
+{"id": "68550", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68550", "title": "Mentally ill", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68552", "revid": "586", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68552", "title": "Teddy Randazzo", "text": "Teddy Randazzo (May 13, 1935 \u2013 November 21, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter and record producer, best known for his work in the 1950s and 1960s. One of the groups he worked with was Little Anthony and the Imperials.\nRandazzo appeared as himself in a 1962 movie, \"Don't Knock the Twist\", which was about the Twist craze of the early 1960s."}
+{"id": "68553", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68553", "title": "Kaspar Hauser", "text": " \nKaspar Hauser (30 April 1812 \u2013 17 December 1833) was a child who lived in Germany. His early life is a mystery. Kaspar appeared in the street in 1828, not able to talk normally, and no one knew where he had come from.\nDiscovery.\nOn 26 May 1828, the boy who became known as Kaspar Hauser was found in the streets of Nuremberg, Germany. He was dressed like a simple country person and could hardly talk. He carried with him two letters. One letter seems to have been written by a poor workman and it was addressed to a captain in the army. The writer of the letter says that he had looked after the boy since 1812 and that the boy wants to serve the king in the army. He asks the captain to take the boy or to hang him. There is no date on the letter. The other letter looked as if it was from his mother to the poor workman who had been looking after him. It says that the child was born on April 30th 1812 and that he was called Kaspar but that he has no second name. It says that his father was a soldier and that the boy should become a soldier when he is 17. The mother writes that she herself is too poor to look after him.\nThe boy was taken to an army captain whose name was Wessenig. The only things Kaspar could say (in German) were: \"I want to be a knight, as my father was,\" and \"Horse! Horse!\" The captain asked him lots of other questions but the boy only cried and said \"Don't know.\" He was taken to a police station where he could only write his name: Kaspar Hauser.\nEarly Life.\nHe spent the next two months in a tower where a jailor looked after him. Many people came to see him. He smiled, and he walked like a baby. He was probably 16 years old, but his thinking was like a small child, and he would only drink water and eat bread.\nIt took a long time, but Kaspar was taught to speak, and slowly told people about his life. He said that he had spent his life locked up in a small room with only a straw bed to sleep in and a wooden horse to play with. He was only given bread and water. Sometimes the water tasted strange because it had something inside that made him go to sleep. When he woke up from such a sleep he found that his hair and fingernails had been cut. Later he was visited by a man who never showed his face. The man taught him to speak a little bit, and then let him go. Kaspar walked down the streets of Nuremburg and then fainted. \nPeople in many countries heard about the mysterious boy and tried to find out who he was. Some people thought he was related to the Grand Duke of Baden. Some people thought it was all a big joke.\nHauser was then taken into care by a schoolteacher, Friedrich Daumer, who taught him to speak, read and write. Kaspar learned quickly.\nAttempted Murder.\nOn 17 October 1829, a hooded man tried to kill Hauser with a large knife but managed only to wound his forehead. People were worried that the person might try to kill him again, so he was given to someone else to be looked after. He was given a job as a copyist. Because someone had tried to murder him some people thought it proved that he was related to a noble family in the house of Baden.\nLord Stanhope.\nA British nobleman, Lord Stanhope, was interested in Hauser and gave him presents and tried to get permission to look after him. He said that Hauser was Hungarian and not of noble blood. Many historians thought that Lord Stanhope himself might have been from the house of Baden and that was why he was interested in Kaspar.\nDeath.\nOn 14 December 1833, Hauser was told to go to a garden where he would find out about the family he came from. When he got there he was attacked by a stranger who stabbed him in the chest. He managed to get home but died three days later. No one knew who had murdered him, although a strange note was found in a black purse saying that Kaspar would not be able to tell people who had killed him, but that he was from the Bavarian border and that his initials were ML\u00d6.\" No one ever found out who the murderer was, and no one ever found out who Kaspar was.\nPopular Media.\nThe story of Kaspar Hauser has been made into movies, both in German and in English. Books have been written about him and lots of people have made guesses about who he might have been. Some people have even guessed that he was just pretending, but it seems unlikely that he could have kept that up for several years."}
+{"id": "68554", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68554", "title": "Police station", "text": "A police station is a building where police officers work. Other members of the law enforcement may work there as well. These buildings often contain offices and accommodation for staff.\nA small police station may have nothing apart from office space. Some police stations have cells for holding people who have been arrested. They may also have special rooms for interviewing people and rooms for storing evidence. "}
+{"id": "68555", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68555", "title": "Twist (dance)", "text": "\"The Twist\" was a song written by Hank Ballard. Ballard's version of the song was not a hit, but a cover version by Chubby Checker became an international hit and made the dance very popular.\nChecker followed with \"Let's Twist Again\", which was another huge hit."}
+{"id": "68557", "revid": "4303", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68557", "title": "The Twist", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68560", "revid": "10081390", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68560", "title": "Cover version", "text": "A cover version (or simply \"cover\") is a song which is re-recorded by a singer or band, after another artist has released a recording of it. Sometimes the versions are similar, but sometimes they are very different.\nMany songs become more popular as cover versions than in their original recordings. Paul Revere and the Raiders recorded two songs, \"Louie, Louie\" and \"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone\", that were bigger hits for other bands (The Kingsmen and The Monkees, respectively) than their versions.\nA few songs are covered so many times by different artists, that the songs become standards. \"Without You\" (written by Peter Ham and Tom Evans of the band Badfinger) was first covered by Harry Nilsson, then later by dozens of other singers, including Mariah Carey. \"Yesterday\" and \"Something\", written by Paul McCartney and George Harrison of The Beatles (respectively), are also standards."}
+{"id": "68561", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68561", "title": "The Kingsmen", "text": "The Kingsmen were a popular American band of the early 1960s. Their most famous hit was \"Louie, Louie\". Many people believed the song contained obscenity or suggestive lyrics, and tried to have the song banned. An American court decided the song was not obscene, and the controversy over the song only helped to promote sales of the record.\nThe Kingsmen had other hits, including \"Jolly Green Giant\", a parody of the mascot of Green Giant vegetables. They appeared in a movie, \"How to Stuff a Wild Bikini\", accompanying Annette Funicello onstage."}
+{"id": "68562", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68562", "title": "Obscenity", "text": "Obscenity is a term that is used to describe words, images or actions that offend the sexual morality most people have or had at the time. The word is often used in a legal context. The word goes back to the Latin \"obscenus\", which meant \"foul, repulsive, or detestable\".\nEven though the word has been used with a sexual connotation for a long time, it can still have the meaning of \"inspiring disgust\". This is true in expressions such as \"obscene profits\" or \"the obscenity of war\". It can simply be used to mean profanity, or it can mean anything that is taboo, indecent, abhorrent, or disgusting.\nThe definition of what is thought of as obscene depends on the culture. Different communities and individuals may have different ideas of what is obscene and what is not. The definition of what is considered obscene also changes with time. Things that were obscene at one time no longer are at another.\nMany cultures have made laws to define what is considered to be obscene. Censorship is often used to try to suppress or control materials that are obscene under these definitions. These usually include pornographic material."}
+{"id": "68564", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68564", "title": "Hank Ballard", "text": "Hank Ballard (November 18, 1936 - March 2, 2003) was an American singer and songwriter. One of his songs, \"The Twist\", became a huge hit for singer Chubby Checker. The Twist dance became very popular."}
+{"id": "68566", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68566", "title": "Disciples of Christ", "text": "The Disciples of Christ are an American Christian denomination of churches, which began in the 1800s. Disciples churches welcome members of other churches, and members of the public, to their services. Their most famous slogan is \"We are not the only Christians; we are Christians only.\" Their current identity statement is \"We are a movement for wholeness in a fragmented world. As part of the one Body of Christ, we welcome all to the Lord\u2019s Table as God has welcomed us.\"\nThe Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) started in Indianapolis, Indiana. Disciples of Christ is a mainline church, and is a member of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (NCC). \nFifteen colleges and seven seminaries and divinity houses. "}
+{"id": "68569", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68569", "title": "Bruno Bauer", "text": "Bruno Bauer (6 September 1809 \u2013 13 April 1882) was a German philosopher and theologian. He studied the New Testament in depth influenced by philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel."}
+{"id": "68570", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68570", "title": "Zsa Zsa G\u00e1bor", "text": "Zsa Zsa G\u00e1bor (6 February 1917 \u2013 18 December 2016) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. Her older sister Magda and younger sister Eva were also actresses and socialites. \nIn 1936 G\u00e1bor won the Miss Hungary competition. She was married nine times. In 1986 she married Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Prinz von Anhalt. She had one child, Constance Francesca Hilton.\nOn 18 December 2016, at 6:00 am, Gabor died while in a coma at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from cardiopulmonary arrest complicated by coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, aged 99. Her ashes were buried at the Westwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Beverly Hills, California on 30 December."}
+{"id": "68581", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68581", "title": "Brittany Snow", "text": "Brittany Anne Snow (born March 9, 1986) is an American television and movie actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Meg Pryor in \"American Dreams\", Daisy Lemay in \"Guiding Light\", Kate Spencer in \"John Tucker Must Die\", Amber Von Tussle in \"Hairspray\", Donna Keppel in \"Prom Night\" and Jenna Backstrom in the NBC television series \"Harry's Law\"."}
+{"id": "68584", "revid": "1264626", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68584", "title": "Desk", "text": "A desk is a piece of furniture where someone can sit and write, often with drawers or other places to put books, papers, pencils, pens and other things. Unlike a table, there is only one side of the desk where somebody could sit.\nDesks come in many different sizes. There is a Armoire desk, which is very big. There is also a portable desk which is very small. Desks can be used at home. They can also be used in an office. Desks may also be used in schools.\nA computer desk will have a computer inside or on top. The keyboard and mouse will pull out from underneath the desk."}
+{"id": "68585", "revid": "11137", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68585", "title": "Coles", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68586", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68586", "title": "Coles Supermarkets", "text": "Coles Supermarkets is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Wesfarmers (Coles Group before it was taken over on 23 November 2007). With over 750 stores nationally and more than 60,000 employees, Coles currently has the second-biggest market share behind Woolworths Supermarkets."}
+{"id": "68594", "revid": "1510519", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68594", "title": "Empire of Nicaea", "text": "The Empire of Nicaea () was the largest of the Byzantine Greek states founded by the nobility of the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was conquered during the Fourth Crusade. It lasted from 1204 to 1261. \nFounded by the Laskaris Dynasty it would be the Byzantine rump-state to recapture Constantinople in 1261 and reform the Byzantine Empire and is seen as the continuation of the Byzantine Empire.\nThe Despotate of Epirus contested the claim in 1224 and became the Empire of Thessalonica, but was forced to renounce their claim by the Nicenes in 1242. The Empire of Trebizond declared its independence a few weeks before the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, ended their claim of being a continuation of the Byzantines in the Treaty of 1282."}
+{"id": "68595", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68595", "title": "293", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68602", "revid": "1618275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68602", "title": "National Stock Exchange of India", "text": "The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE), is a Mumbai-based stock exchange. It is the biggest stock exchange in India and the third biggest in the world in terms of amounts of transactions. NSE is mutually-owned by banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate groups. As of 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 in total, covered more than 1500 cities across India. In July 2007,it had a total market capitalization of 42,74,509 crore INR making it the second-largest stock market in South Asia.\nOrigins.\nThe National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading Financial institutions at the behest of the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. It started operations in the Wholesale Debt Market in June 1994. The Equities part started in November 1994, while the Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.\nCertifications.\nNSE also conducts online examination and awards certifications, under its programmes of NSE's Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM) . Currently, certifications are available in 9 modules, covering different sectors of financial and capital markets. The branches of the NSE are located throughout India."}
+{"id": "68603", "revid": "586", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68603", "title": "John Whedon", "text": "John Ogden Whedon (November 5, 1905 \u2013 November 21, 1991) was an American screenwriter. He was best known for his writing for the television series \"The Donna Reed Show\" during the 1950s. Whedon wrote for \"The Andy Griffith Show\", \"The Dick Van Dyke Show\" and \"Leave It To Beaver\". He was the father of screenwriter Tom Whedon. He was the grandfather of screenwriter and director Joss Whedon and screenwriter Zack Whedon."}
+{"id": "68604", "revid": "10475206", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68604", "title": "List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes", "text": "This is a list of episodes for the American television series, Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The series began on March 10, 1997 and aired until May 19, 2003. In that time, 144 episodes of the series were made.\nSeasons one to five of the series ran on the WB. In 2001, it moved to the United Paramount Network (UPN) for its final two seasons. In the United Kingdom, the entire series aired on Sky One and BBC Two.\nAll the seven seasons of the series are available on DVDs for regions 1 and region 2. Two all-season collections (\"The Chosen Collection\" and \"The Complete DVD Collection\") have been also been released."}
+{"id": "68605", "revid": "1458798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68605", "title": "Buffy Summers", "text": "Buffy Summers is the main character of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer franchise. She is played by Sarah Michelle Gellar and created by Joss Whedon.\nBiography.\nBuffy Summers moved from Los Angeles to Sunnydale for her second year in high school, where she met Rupert Giles, Willow Rosenberg and Xander Harris, where they become known as the Scooby Gang.\nReception.\nBuffy is considered a feminist icon of the 1990s and one of the most significant."}
+{"id": "68606", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68606", "title": "Cordelia Chase", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68608", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68608", "title": "Xander Harris", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68609", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68609", "title": "Master (Buffyverse)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68610", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68610", "title": "Rupert Giles", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68611", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68611", "title": "April 07", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68612", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68612", "title": "Jenny Calendar", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68613", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68613", "title": "Principal Snyder", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68614", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68614", "title": "May 05", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68615", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68615", "title": "June 02", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68616", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68616", "title": "Spike (Buffyverse)", "text": "Spike is a fictional vampire that appears in the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and the spin-off \"Angel\". He was played by James Marsters.\nFictional biography.\nWilliam the Bloody (known for his bad poetry) of England was sired by Angelus. He liked being a vampire and moved into Sunnydale by 1997.\nReception.\nSpike is a fan-favorite vampire."}
+{"id": "68617", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68617", "title": "Drusilla (Buffyverse)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68618", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68618", "title": "November 02", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68619", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68619", "title": "Daniel "Oz" Osbourne", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68620", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68620", "title": "Angel (Buffyverse)", "text": "Angel is a fictional vampire that appears in the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and is the main character of the spin-off \"Angel\". He was played by David Boreanaz.\nFictional biography.\nLiam of Ireland was sired by a female vampire and became known as Angelus. He would later sire Spike and work alongside Drusilla and the Master. On 1898, he killed a Romani and a mystic placed a spell where she restored his soul, making him feel guilty. Now known as Angel, he moved to America and stayed at Sunnydale.\nReception.\nAs Angelus, he is considered one of the best Big Bads of Buffy the Vampire Slayer."}
+{"id": "68621", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68621", "title": "Faith Lehane", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68622", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68622", "title": "November 03", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68623", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68623", "title": "December 08", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68624", "revid": "628332", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68624", "title": "First Evil", "text": "The First Evil is the final Big Bad of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It is a shapeshifting form of evil. It first appeared in the third season episode \"Amends\".\nFictional biography.\nThe First Evil is a non corporeal being that can shapeshift into people who died.\nAnalysis.\nThe First Evil is considered the Buffyverse equivalent of Satan. "}
+{"id": "68625", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68625", "title": "February 09", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68626", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68626", "title": "May 04", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68627", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68627", "title": "October 05", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68628", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68628", "title": "Richard Wilkins III", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68629", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68629", "title": "April 04", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68630", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68630", "title": "May 02", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68631", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68631", "title": "May 09", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68632", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68632", "title": "Dawn Summers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68633", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68633", "title": "October 03", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68634", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68634", "title": "Anya Jenkins", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68635", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68635", "title": "Riley Finn", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68636", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68636", "title": "Glorificus", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68637", "revid": "10444191", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68637", "title": "Shunzhi Emperor", "text": "Shunzhi Emperor (; 1638 - 1661 ) was emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. Shunzhi Emperor was the ninth son of Huang Taiji and he reigned over China from 1644 to 1661. During his short reign, he implemented plenty of policies. He appointed Han Chinese to be the imperial officials. Also, he put the Upper 3 banners (Plain Yellow, Striped Yellow, and Plain White) under the control of the emperor. Moreover, Shunzhi Emperor let eunuchs participate in government activities.\nPrince of Yanping on Taiwan, Zheng Jing wrote about the Shunzhi Emperor : \u201cAt the dawn of the New Year, the fake Emperor and Empress would enter a temple to worship their demon gods. It is located at a place where people could not go, and contains idols of males and females embracing each other and engaging in intercourse. After they complete their worship, the two would proceed to the platform naked, and perform in the manner of caged animals, with man on the left and woman on the right\u2026these are truly the despicable customs of beasts. Moreover, when the barbarian chieftain dies, his younger brother violates his sister-in-law in order to perform this ritual in his place, while calling out aloud the name of the late emperor.\u201d"}
+{"id": "68638", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68638", "title": "Tara Maclay", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68639", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68639", "title": "November 07", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68640", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68640", "title": "Joyce Summers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68641", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68641", "title": "January 09", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68642", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68642", "title": "February 06", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68643", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68643", "title": "May 01", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68644", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68644", "title": "May 08", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68645", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68645", "title": "October 02", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68646", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68646", "title": "October 09", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68647", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68647", "title": "November 06", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68648", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68648", "title": "January 08", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68649", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68649", "title": "February 05", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68650", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68650", "title": "March 05", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68651", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68651", "title": "May 07", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68652", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68652", "title": "October 01", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68653", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68653", "title": "October 08", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68654", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68654", "title": "November 05", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68655", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68655", "title": "January 07", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68656", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68656", "title": "February 04", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68657", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68657", "title": "May 06", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68658", "revid": "806900", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68658", "title": "Once More, With Feeling (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68659", "revid": "806900", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68659", "title": "Hush (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "\u2018\u2019Hush\u2019\u2019 is an episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer season four. It was written and directed by Joss Whedon.\nPlot.\nA group of silent pale demons known as the Gentlemen have taken the voices of everyone at Sunnydale in a box. Once the Scooby Gang woke up, they learned that they can\u2019t speak. Giles does a slideshow explaining who the Gentlemen are and that they kill people who lost their voice. They had stolen the voices so they won\u2019t get killed by someone screaming.\nProduction.\nJoss Whedon was aware the dialogue in the show worked and decided to write an episode where there is mostly none. Buffy\u2019s scream at the end of the episode wasn\u2019t done by Sarah Michelle Gellar.\nReception.\nHush is considered one of the best Buffy episodes of all time. It got nominated an Emmy Award for Best Writing."}
+{"id": "68660", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68660", "title": "David Greenwalt", "text": "David Greenwalt (born October 16, 1946) is an American screenwriter. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He has worked as writer, director and producer on many television series.\nGreenwalt is best known as a writer on \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and co-creator of its spinoff, \"Angel\". He is also co-creator of the short lived television series \"Profit\".\nOn June 1, 2007, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Greenwalt would serve as executive producer and showrunner on \"Moonlight\", a new series that will debut on CBS in the fall of 2007. He later had to leave the show before it was first aired for health reasons. Executive producer Joel Silver said that his name would remain: \"He worked really hard on the arc of the series. He really helped us focus and get started\"."}
+{"id": "68661", "revid": "45220", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68661", "title": "Main Page/Header", "text": " \u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7 \u00b7 <br> (for users wanting to make changes from schools)"}
+{"id": "68664", "revid": "1248114", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68664", "title": "Main Page/Other languages", "text": "5,000,000 articles or more\n1,000,000 articles or more\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0 \n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n500,000 articles or more\n \n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \n100,000 articles or more\nSimple English \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u00a0\u2022\u00a0\n \u2013 "}
+{"id": "68665", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68665", "title": "Main Page/Sister projects", "text": "See the pages of the , too."}
+{"id": "68669", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68669", "title": "\u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi", "text": "\u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi is the capital city of Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh Province, in the north central coast of Vietnam. The city's area is 155.54\u00a0km\u00b2 (60 square miles). In 2005, 103,005 people lived there.\nIt is at around 500\u00a0km (310\u00a0mi) south of H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (Hanoi), 260\u00a0km (160\u00a0mi) north of \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng (Danang), 1,200\u00a0km (750\u00a0mi) north of H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh City (Saigon). It borders Laos on the west, the South China Sea on the east, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh province on the north, and Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh in the south.\nDong Hoi Airport is 6\u00a0km north of Dong Hoi.\nThe city was close to the Vietnamese DMZ, and it was in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Since it was so close to the DMZ, it was important for the North Vietnamese. For this reason, the city was heavily bombed by the US Air Force. There is a cathedral called the Tam Toa Church that was bombed during the war. Tam Toa is still ruined today so people could remember the bombing of North Vietnam.\nAdministration.\nDong Hoi is subdivided into 16 subdivisions, 10 urban wards (\"ph\u01b0\u1eddng\") and 6 rural communes (\"x\u00e3\")."}
+{"id": "68670", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68670", "title": "Phong Nha \u2013 K\u1ebb B\u00e0ng National Park", "text": "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (Vietnamese language: \"V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Phong Nha-K\u1ebb B\u00e0ng\") is a national park in Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh Province, Vietnam. It is about 40 km north of \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi city. This national park is a UNESCO's World Heritage Site. It protects an area of primitive forest, caves and grottos. This national park has many rare animals and underground rivers. This park has 300 caves and grottoes with a total length of 70 km, of which British and Vietnamese scientists have so far surveyed 20 km. This park has many underground rivers and has biological diversity. In 2003, UNESCO listed this national park in its world heritage sites (natural heritage sites)."}
+{"id": "68672", "revid": "1398040", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68672", "title": "Tan Son Nhat International Airport", "text": "Tan Son Nhat International Airport () is an airport in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is the largest airport in Vietnam. It served 8.5 million passengers in 2006 and 11 million passengers in 2007, more than a half of total passengers in Vietnam's airports, as well as two-thirds of international passenger traffic for Vietnam. The airport covers . The airport can handle up to 17 million passengers per year in the two terminals (Domestic, International). The new international terminal was opened on 14th August 2007.\nHistory.\nThis airport was built by the French colonists in 1930s. During Vietnam War, the United States made the airport larger to serve the war. After the Fall of Saigon in April 1975, this airport was made commercial."}
+{"id": "68675", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68675", "title": "National Stock Exchange", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68677", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68677", "title": "Romulus Augustus", "text": "Flavius Romulus Augustus (461 \u2013 after 476), often called Romulus Augustulus (\"little Augustus\"), was a Western Roman Emperor. He reigned from 31 October, 475 to 4 September, 476 when Odoacer deposed him. The end of his rule is considered to be the end of the western part of the Roman Empire."}
+{"id": "68680", "revid": "10249345", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68680", "title": "463", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68681", "revid": "10249346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68681", "title": "476", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68683", "revid": "10249333", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68683", "title": "395", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68684", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68684", "title": "Justinian", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68685", "revid": "9362103", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68685", "title": "Justinian I", "text": "Justinian I () (, ) (c. 482 \u2013 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Eastern Roman Emperor from 527 until his death. He is considered a saint by Eastern Orthodox Christians. Justinian simplified Roman laws. These are now called \"Corpus Juris Civilis\".\nReign.\nJustinian was born to a Illyrian peasant farmer family in 482 or 483 A.D. Justinian's uncle rose from humble beginnings to become a great general and then Emperor. Justinian was educated by his uncle, who gave him important jobs and appointed him as his successor. It was a wise decision. Justinian was astute, gifted, and ambitious. He modeled himself after the ancient Roman Caesars. After becoming Emperor in 527, Justinian worked to restore Byzantium to its former glory. \nJustinian proved to be a strong and effective leader in many ways. He significantly enlarged the empire\u2019s borders. Within those boundaries, he made significant advances in government, construction, and law. He reformed the Byzantine government in order to increase efficiency and eliminate corruption. Justinian also embarked on a large-scale construction project. He oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia, a church in Constantinople that is now regarded as a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. He also supported numerous other civic projects in the city, including a magnificent new Senate building. \nJustinian was a devout Christian who was actively involved in religious matters. He punished those found to be heretics, including Jews. He forbade Jews from erecting\u00a0or reading the Bible in Hebrew, for example. Justinian also worked hard to reconcile the early church's differences of opinion. For example, different groups within the church held opposing views on whether Jesus Christ was fully divine (having the nature of a god) and should be worshiped as an equal to God. This disagreement persisted long after Justinian's death. \nJustinian's legal reform was far more successful. He reorganized and standardized complicated Roman laws, and had the remaining laws written down clearly and logically in a single work known as the Code of Justinian. This remarkable work served as the foundation of European law until modern times."}
+{"id": "68686", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68686", "title": "Diocletian", "text": "Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, about 245 to about 312) was Roman Emperor from 20 November 284 to 11 May 305. He was born in Dalmatia of poor parents. Diocletian ended the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (235\u2013284). He worked to return Rome to its former glory by making changes in key areas.\nReligion: He persecuted Christians, crucifying more than any other emperor. He imposed the traditional polytheistic religion of the Romans.\nEconomy: Recognizing a gold drain from the western Mediterranean to the east, he tried to stop the inflation of the region by legislation. This did not work. He decreed that coins could only be made of gold or silver, stopping the trend of using lead in their creation. He made the tax system work better.\nMilitary: Diocletian changed the army from the traditional garrison defense. He put small outposts of soldiers on the border. He got local soldiers from the border regions along the Rhine and Danube rivers. These soldiers farmed and lived with their families in a village atmosphere. They lit signal fires on signal towers to warn other outposts of possible invasion by Germans from across the border. These outpost soldiers got regular pay from Rome for their services. He allowed soldiers to move up through the ranks by \"military credits\" earned by years of loyal service and by actions on the field of battle.\nPolitical structure.\nDiocletian established a form of government known as the tetrarchy. In this, the Empire was organised into four parts, each ruled by a co-emperor. Diocletian took charge of the eastern empire. The senior co-emperor was Maximian Augustus, a fellow officer. He took charge of the western empire. Later, two junior co-emperors were added: Galerius and Constantius Chlorus.\nFinally, in 305, the two senior emperors abdicated and retired, and the two juniors rose to the rank of \"Augustus\". They in turn were supported by two juniors: Severus II in the west under Constantius, and Maximinus in the east under Galerius. In this way, the Tetrarchy showed how it could reproduce itself.\nIllyria.\nThese men were from the Roman province of Illyria, several in the city of Sirmium, which would become one of the four capitals under this system. From the time of Domitian (81\u201396), when over half the Roman army was deployed in the Danubian regions, the Illyrian provinces had been the most important recruiting ground of the auxilia and later the legions.\nIn the 3rd century, Romanised Illyrians came to dominate the army's senior officer echelons. Ultimately, the Illyrian officer class seized control of the state itself.\nRegions and capitals.\nThe four Tetrarchs based themselves not at Rome but in other cities closer to the frontiers, mainly intended as headquarters for the defence of the empire. They faced Persia and the Germanic tribes. Also, there were many tribes from the eastern steppe which presented at the Rhine and Danube.\nThe four centres are known as the 'Tetrarchic capitals'. Although Rome ceased to be the operational capital, it was still the nominal capital of the entire empire. It had its own Prefect of the City, an idea later copied in Constantinople. The four Tetrarchic capitals were:\nAquileia, a port on the Adriatic coast, and Eboracum (modern York, in northern England near the Scottish tribes), were also significant centres for Maximian and Constantius respectively.\nIn terms of regional jurisdiction there was no precise division between the four Tetrarchs, and this period did not see the Roman state actually split up into four distinct sub-empires. Each emperor had his zone of influence within the Roman Empire, but little more, mainly high command in a 'war theatre'. Each Tetrarch was himself often in the field, while delegating most of the administration to the hierarchic bureaucracy headed by his respective Praetorian Prefect, each supervising several Vicarii, the governors-general in charge of another new administrative level, the civil diocese. \nFor a listing of the provinces, now known as eparchy, within each quarter (known as a praetorian prefecture), see Roman province.\nIn the West, the \"Augustus\" Maximian controlled the provinces west of the Adriatic Sea and the Syrtis, and within that region his \"Caesar\", Constantius, controlled Gaul and Britain. In the East, the arrangements between the \"Augustus\" Diocletian and his \"Caesar\", Galerius, were much more flexible.\nRetirement and death.\nDiocletian's reforms fundamentally changed the structure of Roman imperial government, and stabilized the empire economically and militarily. This helped the empire to remain intact for another hundred years, despite having seemed near the brink of collapse in Diocletian's youth.\nWeakened by illness, Diocletian left the imperial office on 1 May 305, and became the first Roman emperor to voluntarily abdicate the position. He lived out his retirement in his palace on the Dalmatian coast, tending to his vegetable gardens. His palace eventually became the core of the modern-day city of Split.\nMaximian attempted to return to power. Diocletian ordered him to step down permanently. Finally, Maximian was forced to commit suicide and the tetrarchy began to unravel. Diocletian despaired and died in 311, possibly of suicide."}
+{"id": "68687", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68687", "title": "Riku", "text": "Riku is a Finnish and Japanese given name:"}
+{"id": "68688", "revid": "1649820", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68688", "title": "Huns", "text": "The Hephthalites (Bactrian: \u03b7\u03b2\u03bf\u03b4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf, romanized: Ebodalo) sometimes called as the White Huns (also known as Spet Xyon in Iranian and as the Sveta-huna in Prakrit) were a people who lived in Central Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries CE, part of the larger group of Eastern Iranian Huns. They formed an empire, the \"Imperial Hephthalites\", and were militarily important from 450 CE, when they defeated the Kidarites, to 560 CE, when combined forces from the First Turkic Khaganate and the Sasanian Empire defeated them. After 560 CE, they established \"principalities\" in the area of Tokharistan, under the suzerainty of the Western Turks (in the areas north of the Oxus) and of the Sasanian Empire (in the areas south of the Oxus), before the Tokhara Yabghus took over in 625."}
+{"id": "68689", "revid": "10180535", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68689", "title": "Visigoths", "text": "The Visigoths (\"Western Goths\") were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths were the other). Both were among the loosely-defined Germanic tribes that fought the Roman Empire during the migration period. \nMost famously, a Visigothic force, led by King Alaric I, succeeded in storming Rome in 410 AD. Later Visigothic kings ruled southern Gaul and Hispania after they had taken it from the Alans and the Vandals.\nAfter the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Visigoths played a major role in Southwestern Europe for another 250 years and adopted Roman culture and clothing."}
+{"id": "68691", "revid": "10188731", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68691", "title": "Turkic peoples", "text": "The Turkic peoples are a group of peoples. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic family. Turkics come mainly from these independent states: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.\nHowever. Turkics live in many places and include most people in Central Asia. Many live in Siberia, the Caucasus area, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.\nTurkic people can sometimes understand one other during communication because of their languages are often connected to Turkic and have the same words."}
+{"id": "68693", "revid": "10249237", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68693", "title": "116", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68696", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68696", "title": "Trajan", "text": "Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, 18 September 53 \u2013 9 August 117) was Roman Emperor from 98 to 117. \nBorn in the province of Hispania Baetica into an Italic family, Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Serving as a general in the Roman army along the German frontier, Trajan successfully put down the revolt of Antonius Saturninus in 89.\nIn September 96, Domitian was succeeded by Nerva, an old and childless senator who proved to be unpopular with the army. After a brief and tumultuous year in power, a revolt by members of the Praetorian Guard compelled him to adopt the more popular Trajan as his heir and successor. Nerva died on 27 January 98, and was succeeded by Trajan without incident.\nTrajan as Emperor.\nAs a civilian administrator, Trajan is best known for his extensive public building program which reshaped the city of Rome and left multiple enduring landmarks such as Trajan's Forum, Trajan's Market and Trajan's Column. \nEarly in his reign he annexed Nabataea (between the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas), creating the province of Arabia Petraea. His conquest of Dacia enriched the empire greatly - the new province possessed many valuable gold mines. His war against the Parthian Empire ended with the sack of its capital Ctesiphon and the annexation of Armenia and Mesopotamia. His campaigns expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent.\nIn late 117, while sailing back to Rome, Trajan fell ill and died of a stroke in the city of Selinus. He was deified by the Senate, and succeeded by his adopted son Hadrian.\nAs an emperor, Trajan's reputation has endured\u00a0\u2014 he is one of the few rulers whose reputation has survived nineteen centuries. Every new emperor after him was honoured by the Senate with the prayer \"felicior Augusto, melior Traiano\", meaning \"may he be luckier than Augustus and better than Trajan\". Among medieval Christian theologians, Trajan was considered a \"virtuous pagan\", while the 18th century historian Edward Gibbon popularized the notion of the Five Good Emperors, of which Trajan was the second."}
+{"id": "68697", "revid": "1572762", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68697", "title": "Amazons", "text": "In Greek mythology, the Amazons (, \"Amaz\u00f3nes\", singular , \"Amaz\u014dn\") were a tribe of warrior women. The Amazons as they appear in myth may have been inspired by warrior women among the Scythians and Sarmatians. Their place of residence was the subject of much dispute: according to both Herodotus and Strabo, these warrior women lived on the banks of the river Thermodon, by the Black Sea, while Diodorus states that, prior to the ones by the Black Sea, there lived a different tribe of Amazons in the region of Libya. The Amazons were said to have founded several cities and temples found in Smyrna, Sinope, Cyme, Gryne, Ephesus, Pitania, Magnesia, Clete, Pygela, Latoreria and Amastris; according to legend, the Amazons were the ones who invented the cavalry."}
+{"id": "68698", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68698", "title": "W\u00fcrzburg (disambiguation)", "text": "W\u00fcrzburg can mean:"}
+{"id": "68700", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68700", "title": "Guacamol", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68701", "revid": "10631", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68701", "title": "Leger line", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68702", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68702", "title": "Tammy Faye Messner", "text": "Tamara \"Tammy\" Faye Messner (March 7, 1942 \u2013 July 20, 2007) was an American Christian singer, evangelist, entrepreneur, author, talk show host, and television personality. She was born in International Falls, Minnesota. \nMessner was a contestant in the second season of \"The Surreal Life\".\nMessner died of colon cancer in Loch Lloyd, Missouri at the age of 65."}
+{"id": "68704", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68704", "title": "Horst Koehler", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68705", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68705", "title": "Tammy Faye", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68707", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68707", "title": "Sapphire", "text": "Sapphire is a type of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Sapphires are a type of corundum, the same mineral as rubies. Because they have different impurities, they are blue and not red.\nSapphire can be found in the ground or it can be made in large crystal. Blue sapphires are the most famous kind, but they can be many different colors, like amber and orange. \nSapphires have a long history. Tradition says that the tablets of the Ten Commandments were made of sapphire, so strong a hammer could not break them, and would break instead if it hit them. The ancient Persians believed that the earth sat on a big sapphire and that the big sapphire made the sky blue.\nA lot of ancient people thought rubies made people calm down, as well as cure their bruises.\nSapphires have been used by kings and queens for a long time as a symbol of luck, virtue, wisdom, and holiness. Princess Diana and Princess Anne both received sapphire engagement rings and the British Crown Jewels are full of large blue sapphires, the symbol of kind and wise rulers.\nSapphires represent September. It symbolizes telling the truth and doing what you said you would.\nSapphire is actually just corundum and is one of the hardest minerals on the hardness scale. Since sapphire is the second hardest mineral in the hardness scale, it is sometimes used as a polishing tool.\nThis mineral is found in gem gravel deposits. These deposits are formed from the heat of metamorphic or igneous rock plateaus. The places where sapphire is formed abundantly are Myanmar, Thailand, India and Sri Lanka. The most costly and beautiful sapphires are shipped from Kashmir, India. In other words, sapphire is mostly found in Asia. Recent findings of sapphire have taken place in Australia, Kenya, and Tanzania. \nSapphire was the first mineral to be lab grown in a strategy called \"flame fusion\". Another strategy, slightly harder to use, \"flux growth\" was used to lab grow sapphire.\nHeating yellow, light yellow, or colorless sapphire from 1500-1900oc can turn into a dark yellow, gold, golden brown, orange, or a reddish brown colored sapphire. There is a specific kind of sapphire called Star sapphires have whitish pieces of rutile or silk as some call it. Star sapphires can be heated to remove the blue color of sapphire and can be heated even more to get the blue color back and remove the white silk.\nNatural Sapphires.\nSapphire is a precious gemstone that comes from the mineral corundum. When corundum is red, it\u2019s called ruby; when it\u2019s any other color, it\u2019s called sapphire. While blue sapphires are the most famous, sapphires can also be gray, black, colorless, or even pinkish orange the special pinkish orange ones are called padparadscha.\nSapphires are found in many parts of the world. Big deposits exist in countries like Australia, Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Ethiopia, India (especially Jammu and Kashmir), Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Nigeria, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, the United States (Montana), and Vietnam. Sometimes sapphires and rubies come from the same area, but they usually form in different types of rocks. For example, in Myanmar\u2019s famous Mogok area, rubies form in marble while sapphires come from rocks called granitic pegmatites or corundum syenites.\nNot every sapphire from a famous place is of high quality. The place where a sapphire is found does not always mean it\u2019s better. Still, sapphires from Jammu and Kashmir are often the most prized. Sapphires from Burma, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar can also be very beautiful and valuable.\nThe price of a natural sapphire depends on many things: its color, clarity, size, how well it\u2019s cut, and overall quality. Untreated sapphires, which have not been heated or altered, are worth much more than treated ones. Where the sapphire comes from can also affect its price. For larger sapphires (one carat or more), buyers usually ask for a report from a trusted gem lab like GIA, Lotus Gemology, or SSEF before buying.\nReferences.\nU of Texas. \"corundum.\" ruby and sapphire notes. U of Texas, 24 Aug. 2012. Web. \n30 Oct. 2012. <http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/347k/redesign/gem_notes/ \ncorundum/corundum_triple_frame.htm>.\nGait, Robert I. \"Sapphire.\" World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012.Web. 4 Dec. 2012."}
+{"id": "68709", "revid": "11547", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68709", "title": "Whip cream", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68711", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68711", "title": "Princess Diana", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68712", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68712", "title": "Anne Hathaway", "text": "Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born November 12, 1982) is an American movie and stage actress. She has won many awards including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award.\nCareer.\nHathaway became famous for her leading role in \"The Princess Diaries.\" and its sequel. Following this, she appeared in several family movies in the early 2000s. She made a transition into adult films with her roles in the 2005 drama \"Brokeback Mountain\" and the comedy-drama \"The Devil Wears Prada\" (2006). \nShe has since starred in many films including Tim Burton's 2010 Alice in \"Wonderland\"\", The Dark Knight Rises, Les Mis\u00e9rables and The Devil Wears Prada\". She has also done voice acting in movies including \"Rio\".\nLife.\nAnne Jacqueline Hathaway was born in New York City. Her mother is a former actress. She was raised as a Roman Catholic. Hathaway has spoken about her depression when she was a teenager. She originally wanted to be a Catholic nun before starting her acting career.\nMarriage and children.\nHathaway married actor and businessman Adam Shulman on September 29, 2012. They have two sons together, Jonathan (born 2016) and Jack (born 2019) .\nPublic image.\n\"Forbes\" reported that Hathaway was one of the world's highest-paid actresses in 2015. In 2009, she was included on \"Forbes\"' annual Celebrity 100 list with earnings of $7 million. As of July 2018, her films have grossed $6.7 billion worldwide. She has also done several advertising campaigns for brands.\nActivisim and political opinions.\nAnne Hathaway supports abortion rights, gun control, immigrant rights, gender equality, same-sex marriage and racial equality. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, she donated money to charities helping Ukrainians."}
+{"id": "68714", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68714", "title": "Prahlad", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68716", "revid": "10441", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68716", "title": "That's so Raven", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68717", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68717", "title": "Fear Factor", "text": "Fear Factor is an American stunt/dare reality game show. It was created by Endemol Netherlands. The program was first aired on June 11, 2001.\nAbout the show.\nThe original Dutch version of the program was called \"Now or Neverland\". When Endemol USA and NBC changed it to be shown in America in 2001, they changed the name to \"Fear Factor\". \"Fear Factor\" has many different versions which are shown in different countries.\nThe program has contestants compete against each other in a series of stunts. The person who finishes better and/or quicker than all the other contestants gets a prize of US$50,000. For the first five years the program was made, the contestants were usually three men and three women. Each person played for themselves. In the sixth year, the show changed. They started using four teams of two people. The members of each team had some relationship with one another, for example Father-daughter, Husband-wife, or friends. Each team played for a shared prize of the same amount. \"Fear Factor\" is hosted by comedian Joe Rogan and executive produced by Matt Kunitz. The main music for the program is composed and written by Russ Landau. Other music used on the show is made from rhythmic themes most notably taken from the popular game \"Half-Life\".\n\"Fear Factor\" was an attempt by NBC to compete with the successful series, \"Survivor\". The program was very popular for the network in the summer of 2001. It had strong ratings for the next couple of years, but in later years, the ratings were not as good. In 2006, \"Fear Factor\" was being shown at the same time as TV ratings champion, the Fox talent series \"American Idol\" on Tuesday nights. It did not get good ratings during this time. During the sixth season, NBC decided to not show the program for the rest of the year to make room for the sitcom \"Joey\". That series was only shown for a few weeks. NBC canceled \"Fear Factor\" in May of 2006. The network began showing the remaining episodes of the sixth season on June 13, 2006. These episodes were shown throughout the summer. In 2004, \"Fear Factor\" became the first network reality show to be syndicated. Over its six seasons, \"Fear Factor\" earned NBC a reported $600 million from selling advertising during the program.\nOn May 31, 2011, NBC announced that \"Fear Factor\" would be revived for a new season. Eight episodes, two of which were 30 minutes long, were ordered. Rogan returned as host of the show. The revival began on December 12, 2011. On May 13, 2012, NBC announced the cancellation of the show. The last episode aired on July 16, 2012."}
+{"id": "68718", "revid": "1618275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68718", "title": "Joe Rogan", "text": "Joe Rogan (born August 11, 1967) is an American podcaster, commentator, comedian, and actor. He has a podcast and YouTube show called \"The Joe Rogan Experience\". Rogan hosted a debate about Internet censorship between Tim Pool and Jack Dorsey.\nRogan is also a color commentator for the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He holds a Brown Belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under Eddie Bravo and Jean Jacques Machado.\nA lot of the people that he has interviewed on it are known for being controversial people on the Internet and are called the Intellectual Dark Web. He has also interviewed people with controversial ideas about the vaccine for Covid-19.\nHe played the role of Joe Garrelli in \"NewsRadio\" and hosted the television game/reality program \"Fear Factor\".\nPolitics and Voting History.\nRogan has been described as a libertarian. He self-identifies as socially liberal, supporting same-sex marriage, gay rights, women's rights, recreational drug use, universal healthcare, universal basic income, and gun rights\nRogan said he liked Bernie Sanders in 2016 but he ended up voting for Gary Johnson because Johnson agreed to be interviewed on Rogan's show. Rogan told Jimmy Dore that he liked Bernie Sanders and Tulsi Gabbard but everyone else could \u201ceat shit.\u201d He told Bari Weiss that he also liked Andrew Yang but that he would probably vote for Sanders. After Sanders lost, Rogan said he wouldn't vote for Joe Biden. In 2024, Rogan interviewed Robert F Kennedy Junior and said he liked him. Rogan later interviewed Donald Trump, JD Vance and Elon Musk and said that he would vote for Trump because Musk convinced him to vote for Trump."}
+{"id": "68719", "revid": "9376223", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68719", "title": "Endemol", "text": "Endemol was a media company based in the Netherlands that produced programs for television. The company had subsidiaries and joint ventures in 23 countries. These countries included the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Mexico, Spain, Italy, Germany, Argentina, Poland, Netherlands, India, South Africa, Lebanon, Morocco and Australia among others.\nEndemol was founded in 1994 with the combining of the television companies owned by Joop van den Ende and John de Mol. The name of the company comes from the combination of their surnames (Ende + Mol). The company is best known for making reality programs. One of its best known programs is the reality series \"Big Brother\". This series has over 40 different version which are shown in over 100 countries. The company also makes many different game shows such as \"Deal or No Deal\", \"Fear Factor\" and \"Anime de Training EX\". It also creates the popular series \"\".\nEndemol was bought by Shine Group (a joint-venture between and ) and was headquartered in the Netherlands in 2015 ad Endemol Shine Group."}
+{"id": "68720", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68720", "title": "Hilton Hotels", "text": "The Hilton Hotels brand was re-united internationally after more than 40 years in February 2006, when United States-based Hilton Hotels Corporation purchased the lodging arm of United Kingdom-based Hilton Group PLC, which had acquired Hilton's international operations in 1987 (the companies had been severed originally in 1966).\nHilton Hotels became America's first coast-to-coast hotel chain in 1943. The company places marketing emphasis on business travel, but owns and operates a number of resorts and leisure-oriented hotels as well.\nAs of April 2007, the chain has 229 Hilton branded hotels across the world and has partnerships with many airlines and car rental companies.\nHilton Hotels & Resorts is the flagship brand of Hilton and one of the largest hotel chains in the world.\nThe company focuses on business and recreational tourists, so it has hotels in the centers of major cities, near airports, conference centers, as well as in popular vacation destinations around the world. Hilton Hotels & Resorts participates in Hilton Honors, a guest loyalty program of Hilton. Program members who book rooms directly through Hilton services receive exclusive discounts and benefits, such as free Wi-Fi, digital registration, keyless room access and the ability to choose any number you like using the Hilton Honors mobile app."}
+{"id": "68721", "revid": "11547", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68721", "title": "F/Fox", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68722", "revid": "10104453", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68722", "title": "Emily Osment", "text": "Emily Jordan Osment (born March 10, 1992 Los Angeles, California) is an American actress and singer. She is most famous for her roles of Gerti Giggles in the \"Spy Kids\" trilogy, and Lilly Truscott in \"Hannah Montana\". The younger sister of former child actor Haley Joel Osment, actress/vocalist Emily Osment launched her career at a young age, having landed a role in the 1999 film The Secret Life of Girls when she was only seven years old. The Los Angeles native furthered her career by also appearing in Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, and the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana, where she enjoyed a recurring role as Lily Truscott. Osment also tried her hand at singing, kicking off that aspect of her career by performing alongside Billy Ray Cyrus on his 2007 album Home at Lastand contributing a song to the soundtrack of R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour: Don't Think About It, in which she also starred. After making appearances on several Disney compilations, she began voicing a desire to tackle more rock-influenced music, and writing sessions with members of Eve 6 and Plain White T's helped her compile enough material for her debut EP, 2009's All the Right Wrongs. Osment switched directions for her full-length debut, though, leaving rock music behind and embracing electronic dance-pop on 2010s Fight or Flight."}
+{"id": "68724", "revid": "593910", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68724", "title": "Kerry Katona", "text": "Kerry Jayne Elizabeth Katona (born 6 September 1980 in Warrington, Cheshire, England) is an English television presenter, magazine columnist, actress and former pop singer with girl group Atomic Kitten.\nShe was a contestant on the sixth series of \"Dancing on Ice in 2011. She finished in second place in the 2011 UK series of Celebrity Big Brother. \nIn 2006, Katona was diagnosed with bipolar disorder."}
+{"id": "68725", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68725", "title": "Atomic Kitten", "text": "Atomic Kitten is an English girl group from Liverpool. The people in the band are Liz \"Lil\" McClarnon, Natasha \"Tash\" Hamilton, and Jenny Frost - who replaced original member Kerry Katona in January 2001. Atomic Kitten has sold over 12 million albums and 8 million singles around the world. Many of their singles and albums, such as: \"Right Now,\" \"Whole Again,\" \"Eternal Flame,\" \"The Tide Is High,\" and \"Ladies Night are in the top 40 charts of many countries. The group reformed in 2012, with Katona and without Frost."}
+{"id": "68726", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68726", "title": "Warrington", "text": "Warrington is a large town and borough within the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It sits beside the West Coast Mainline, the M6, M56 and M62 motorways, and alongside the Manchester Ship Canal. "}
+{"id": "68727", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68727", "title": "Darin (singer)", "text": "Darin Zanyar (born June 2, 1987), known simply as Darin, is a pop singer from Sweden.\nDarin was the first place runner-up in the \"Swedish Idol\" 2004, acquiring a fanbase primarily of teenage girls. Darin lives in V\u00e4llingby outside of Stockholm. He is of Kurdish heritage, and he speaks Central Kurdish. He won the \"Kurd of the year\" award in 2005 presented by Swedish Minister for Public Health and Social Services Morgan Johansson. Darin released his first album in February 2005, with songs by Swedish hit maker Max Martin and Swedish artist Robyn. The same year he released his 2nd album \u201cDarin\u201d which went platinum and provided him even more success than his debut album. At the end of 2006, Darin released his 3rd album \u201cBreak the News\u201d. It went straight to number 1 in the chart and went gold the first day. Following his success in Sweden, Darin signed a new deal with EMI Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Zanyar currently has an entry in the Melodifestivalen 2010 in hopes of representing Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo. Today he is one Sweden's best selling artists with 7 number one albums. In 2018 Darin was the most played artist on radio in all of Sweden, thanks to his songs \"Tvillingen\" and \"Astronaut\". The following year he held his first arena tour in Stockholm Globen, Gothenburg Scandinavium and Malm\u00f6 Malm\u00f6 Arena."}
+{"id": "68728", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68728", "title": "G\u00e4strikland", "text": ", is a historical province or \"landskap\" on the eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Uppland, V\u00e4stmanland, Dalarna, H\u00e4lsingland and the Gulf of Bothnia. The province is the southernmost district of Norrland."}
+{"id": "68729", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68729", "title": "Uppland", "text": "Uppland is a historical province or \"landskap\" on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders S\u00f6dermanland, V\u00e4stmanland and G\u00e4strikland. It is also bounded by lake M\u00e4laren and the Baltic sea. It has an extremely short and strangely shaped land border with \u00c5land, an autonomous province of Finland, on the small uninhabited island of M\u00e4rket in the Baltic.\nThe name literally means \"up land\", a name which is commonly encountered in especially older English literature. Its Latinised form, which is occasionally used, is \"Uplandia\"."}
+{"id": "68730", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68730", "title": "V\u00e4stmanland", "text": "V\u00e4stmanland is a historical Swedish province, or \"landskap\", in middle Sweden. It borders S\u00f6dermanland, N\u00e4rke, V\u00e4rmland, Dalarna and Uppland.\nThe name comes from \"West men\", referring to the people west of Uppland, the core province of early Sweden."}
+{"id": "68731", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68731", "title": "V\u00e4rmland", "text": "V\u00e4rmland is a historical province or \"landskap\" in the west of middle Sweden. It borders V\u00e4sterg\u00f6tland, Dalsland, Dalarna, V\u00e4stmanland and N\u00e4rke. It is also bounded by Norway in the west. Its Latin name is \"Wermelandia\"; its English derivative is \"Wermland\" or similar variation. The origin of the name is uncertain. It may refer to a lake by that name, or to a river.\nV\u00e4rmland is the home of several Swedish dansbands and writers."}
+{"id": "68732", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68732", "title": "Gulf of Bothnia", "text": "The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Finland's west coast and Sweden's east coast. In the south of the gulf lie the \u00c5land Islands, between the Sea of \u00c5land and the Archipelago Sea. Gulf of Bothnia is often divided into three parts which are called in Finnish language: "}
+{"id": "68736", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68736", "title": "PUFFY", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68737", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68737", "title": "Lolo Ferrari", "text": "Lolo Ferrari (9 February 1963 \u2013 5 March 2000) was the stage name of a French dancer and actress billed as \"the woman with the largest breasts in the world\", though their size was artificially achieved. She was born Eve Valois in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dome.\nShe started as a model and a prostitute.\nEncouraged by her husband, Ferrari underwent numerous plastic surgery operations to create a silicone-enhanced bust (22 enlargements, a Guinness world record).\nShe became a regular guest on the television series \"Eurotrash\" on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom.\nFerrari committed suicide by drug overdose in Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes."}
+{"id": "68739", "revid": "10441", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68739", "title": "Maid Marion", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68740", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68740", "title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68741", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68741", "title": "Republic of Congo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68742", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68742", "title": "FAO", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68752", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68752", "title": "Tony", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68758", "revid": "805501", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68758", "title": "Fluorescent lamp", "text": "A fluorescent lamp is a type of electric light (lamp) that uses ultraviolet emitted by mercury vapor to excite a phosphor, which emits visible light. There are two general types, traditional fluorescent and compact fluorescent. This article is about traditional (straight tube shaped) fluorescent lamps.\nThe purchase price of a fluorescent lamp is often much higher than an incandescent lamp of the same output, and the light from fluorescent lamps looks different to light from incandescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps have a longer rated life and use less energy than an incandescent lamp of the same brightness. A fluorescent lamp can save over US$30 in electricity costs over the lamp\u2019s lifetime compared to an incandescent lamp.\nHow it works.\nAn electric current is applied to mercury vapor inside the tube, causing it to emit ultraviolet (UV) light. A phosphor on the walls of the tube absorbs the ultraviolet light. This causes an electron to jump up to an orbital with a higher energy. When the electron drops back down to its normal orbital, the phosphor re-emits its energy as visible light.\nThe ballast.\nThe ballast prevents too much electricity from flowing through the tube. It also starts the lamp with a high voltage for a split second when it is switched on. The ballast is located inside the fixture in traditional fluorescent tube fixtures. In compact fluorescent bulbs the ballast is in or near the base of the bulb. There are two types of ballasts, magnetic and electronic. Magnetic ballasts have mostly fallen out of use, as they are less efficient than electronic ballasts, they cause the bulb to flicker, and they do not start instantly. Electronic ballasts were at one time more expensive than magnetic ballasts, but now the price is about the same.\nLifespan.\nThe average rated life of a fluorescent light bulb is 8 to 15 times longer that of incandescent light bulbs. Fluorescent light bulbs typically have a rated lifespan of 7,000 to 15,000 hours, whereas incandescent lamps are usually manufactured to have a lifespan of 750 hours or 1,000 hours.\nThe lifetime of any lamp depends on many factors, including operating voltage, manufacturing defects, exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock, frequency of cycling on and off, lamp orientation, and ambient operating temperature. The life of a fluorescent lamp is significantly shorter if it is turned on and off frequently. In the case of a 5-minute on/off cycle the lifespan of a fluorescent lamp can be reduced to \"close to that of incandescent light bulbs\". The U.S. Energy Star program suggests that fluorescent lamps be left on when leaving a room for less than 15 minutes so that this problem does not happen. If the light must be switched on and off often, Cold cathode fluorescent lamps can be used. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps are designed for many more on/off cycles than standard lamps.\nMercury content and recycling.\nThe mercury inside the tube is toxic and makes these bulbs hazardous waste. The bulbs must be taken to a recycling center after they stop working. During normal use, the mercury cannot escape, although it will escape if the bulb is broken. If a single bulb breaks, it is not usually a problem. It is recommended to open windows to air out the room, and to clean up broken glass with duct tape instead of a vacuum cleaner.\nAlternatives.\nMany people and businesses do not want to use fluorescent lamps due to their mercury content. Halogen, LED, and traditional incandescent bulbs are possible alternatives.\nLED tubes can be installed in fluorescent tube fixtures, but sometimes an electrician needs to rewire the fixture first to remove the ballast."}
+{"id": "68763", "revid": "1461000", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68763", "title": "My December", "text": "My December is Kelly Clarkson's third album. The songs \"Never Again\", \"Sober\" and \"One Minute\" have been released, by Sire Records"}
+{"id": "68764", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68764", "title": "Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)", "text": "Tropical Storm Chantal was a very short-lived storm in the northern Atlantic Ocean that stayed away from land during most of its existence. It was also the third named storm of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. The stormed formed from a non-tropical system between Bermuda on Cape Cod, Massachusetts that developed on July 31 with good conditions for further development. The storm had maximum sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) and began to move quickly northeastwards into colder water temperatures. When convection began to decrease, the National Hurricane Center stopped sending out advisories on August 1 when Chantal began to turn into an extratropical cyclone. Later, the remnants moved over southeast Newfoundland, before moving into the Arctic Ocean.\nStorm history.\nAn area of thunderstorm activity developed on July 28 about 100\u00a0miles (160\u00a0km) east of the Bahamas which was associated with a weak low pressure system. It moved north-northeastward, into poor environmental conditions which left the system disorganized. However, conditions then were forecasted to become better for development, and by July 29 the National Hurricane Center stated that it had \"potential for tropical or subtropical development.\" On July 30, the low passed to the west of Bermuda as it continued moving northeastward, under the effects of a large mid-latitude trough. The system contained an exposed low-level circulation, which from time to time passed under a thick area of convection to its northeast. By early on July 31, ship reports and QuikSCAT observations detected winds of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h), and the center was well-involved enough with the convection for the National Hurricane Center to name it as \"Tropical Depression Three\" while it was located about 270\u00a0miles (435\u00a0km) north-northwest of Bermuda, or about 445\u00a0miles (710\u00a0km) south-southeast of Chatham, Massachusetts.\nBy six hours after development, the depression had of a somewhat exposed low-level center with deep convection taking up most of the northeastern semicircle. Located over sea surface temperatures of about 80\u00ba\u00a0F (27\u00ba\u00a0C), one forecaster said the depression had \"a small window of opportunity... for it to reach tropical storm strength before transitioning to an extratropical cyclone.\" The system organized further, and based on satellite pictures and QuikSCAT data, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Chantal at 1215\u00a0UTC on July 31 while located about 330\u00a0miles (530\u00a0km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia. By three hours later the system formed a well-defined curved banding features, and Chantal reached maximum systained winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) at 40.2\u00ba\u00a0N. The storm speed up northeastward into an area of cold waters and cooler air, and early on August 1 the National Hurricane Center gave out its last advisory on Chantal as it began extratropical transition.\nAfter becoming an extratropical cyclone, Chantal managed to keep scattered convection near its center, though its main area of convection and clouds moved to its north. On August 1, the cyclone made landfall on Newfoundland along the Avalon Peninsula, and by late in the day the extratropical remnants of Chantal were about 265\u00a0miles (425\u00a0km) northeast of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador and moving northeastward at 44\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h).\nImpact.\nThe weather system that would later become Chantal began to affect Bermuda on July 30. It caused some thunderstorms. The next day, it caused heavy rainfall that reached r2.12\u00a0inches (53.8\u00a0mm) at the Bermuda International Airport. Winds on the island reached 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h) because of the weather system. After Chantal passed Bermuda, a ship with the call sign of \"C60Y4\" recorded winds of 37\u00a0mph (59\u00a0km/h).\nShortly after the system became a tropical storm, the Atlantic Storm Prediction Center of Canada sent out gale warnings for the waters off of Newfoundland. The Newfoundland Labrador Weather Office also issued warnings for heavy rain.\nIn the open ocean, waves from Chantal reached 20\u00a0feet (6\u00a0m) high. The storm also had effects on land. A wind gust of 54\u00a0mph (88\u00a0km/h) was reported. What was left of Chantal caused heavy rainfall in a short time in Newfoundland. In the province, rainfall peaked at 5.9\u00a0inches (150\u00a0mm) at Whitbourne. The rainfall caused flooding and also caused streets to wash out in several cities on the Avalon Peninsula. Several towns declared states of emergencies along the Avalon Peninsula."}
+{"id": "68773", "revid": "11350", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68773", "title": "Flinders Street Station", "text": "Flinders Street Station is the central railway station of the rail network of Melbourne, Australia. It is on the corner of Flinders and Swanston Streets next to the Yarra River in the middle of the city, stretching from Swanston Street to Queen Street and covering two city blocks. Each weekday, about 105,000 people and 1,500 trains use the station.\nIt is serviced by Metro's suburban and city loop services, and V/Line's regional services.\nHistory.\nThe first railway station in the Flinders Street site was called Melbourne or City Terminus, and was a collection of sheds. It was completed in 1854 and was officially opened on 12 September by Sir Charles Hotham. The terminus was the first city railway station in Australia, and the opening day saw the first steam train trip in the country. It travelled to Sandridge (now Port Melbourne), over the Sandridge Bridge (which has now been redeveloped in 2006 as a pedestrian and cycle bridge across the Yarra River), travelling along the now light rail Port Melbourne line.\nMelbourne's two other early central-city stations, Spencer Street Station (now Southern Cross Station) and Princes Bridge, opened in 1859. Princes Bridge was originally separated from Flinders Street, even though it was only on the opposite side of Swanston Street. Once the railway line was extended under the street to join the two, Princes Bridge slowly became amalgamated into Flinders Street. Federation Square now occupies its site.\nIn 1882 the government decided to build a new central passenger station to replace the existing construction. A worldwide design competition was held in 1899, with 17 entries received. The \u00a3500 first prize went to railway employees J. W. Fawcett and H. P. C. Ashworth, whose design included a giant dome and clock tower. Work began in 1901 and ended in 1910.\nPlatforms.\nFlinders Street Station's platforms are numbered from north to south, with Platform No. 1 being the farthest north, and generally serve specific lines as follows.\nPlatform 1: Mernda and Hurstbridge\nPlatforms 2 & 3: Belgrave, Glen Waverley, Alamein and Lilydale\nPlatforms 4 & 5: Alamein, Blackburn trains on the Belgrave and Lilydale lines (both platform 4 only); Cragieburn, Sunbury and Upfield\nPlatforms 6 & 7: Cranbourne and Pakenham \nPlatforms 8 & 9: Frankston, Werribee and Williamstown \nPlatform 10 & 12 : Various Werribee and Williamstown services, depending on day and time.\nPlatform 13: Sandringham\nPlatform 14: Out of use\n\"Note that the eastern end of Platform No. 1 is designated as Platform No. 14, past the Platform 1 escalators. Platform 11 is out of use and has no track.\"\nStation redevelopment.\nFlinders Street is currently undergoing redevelopment. It will involve cleaning and repair, as well as improving general ability for people who are disabled to move around the station.\nThe works include: "}
+{"id": "68776", "revid": "1150185", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68776", "title": "RIOT!", "text": "RIOT! is a 2007 album by the United States pop rock band Paramore. It is the second album to be released by the band.\nThe band named the album \"Riot\" because they liked the definition: \"A sudden outburst of uncontrolled emotion\"."}
+{"id": "68777", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68777", "title": "Paramore", "text": "Paramore is an American punk rock band formed in 2004 in Franklin, Tennessee At first there were 4 members, Hayley Williams, Josh and Zac Farro and Jeremy Davis. In 2009, Taylor York joined the band. Now there are 3 members - singer Hayley Williams, drummer Zac Farro, and guitarist Taylor York. They have released six studio albums: \"All We Know Is Falling\", \"RIOT!,\" \"Brand New Eyes\", \"Paramore, After Laughter,\" and \"This Is Why\" as well as two live albums: \"Live in the UK 2008\" and \"The Final Riot!\" Their most successful album is \"Paramore\", which reached No.1 on US \"Billboard\" 200 and sold over 1,000,000 copies. Their song \"Monster\" was used in 2011 for the 3rd \"Transformers\" movie. Paramore also released an EP called \"The Summer Tic\".\nHistory.\nParamore was originally formed in 2004 in Franklin, Tennessee, United States. The members then were vocalist Hayley Williams, lead guitarist Josh Farro, drummer Zac Farro, and bassist Jeremy Davis. Later rhythm guitarist Jason Bynum joined. The name \"Paramore\" came from the name of their first bassist's mother. When they learned the meaning of the word \"paramour\" (it means \"secret lover\"), they decided to use the name under \"Paramore\" spelling.\n2005: \"All We Know Is Falling\".\nParamore went to Orlando, Florida to start working on their first album. Shortly after, Jeremy Davis left the band for personal reasons. Hayley Williams then wrote the song \"All We Know\" about his leaving. The band later decided to work the album around that idea, about someone that left something. The album artwork also describes that concept. Hayley Williams explains, \"The couch on the cover of \"All We Know is Falling\" with no one there and the shadow walking away; it's all about Jeremy leaving us and us feeling like there's an empty space.\" Recording took three weeks, and promotional material for the album only used the four remaining members.\nBefore starting on tour, the band added bassist John Hembree. But soon, Jeremy Davis returned to Paramore after being asked by the band to replace Hembree.\n\"All We Know Is Falling\" released on July 24, 2005. Paramore also released \"Pressure\" as their first single. The music video for that song was directed by Shane Drake. The song had failed to get into the charts. In July, they released the second single, called \"Emergency\". In the music video, Hunter Lamb was their new rhythm guitarist, replacing Jason Bynum. The music video was directed by Shane Drake again. The third single, \"All We Know\", was released with the video made with live performances and backstage footage. The album reached #30 on the \"\" Heatseekers Chart. In 2007, Hunter Lamb left the band to get married.\n2007: \"Riot!\" and other projects.\nParamore started recording their second album, called \"Riot!\" in January 2007. In the recording process, guitarist Josh Farro played all guitar parts because Hunter Lamb's had left. Then Farro's asked their old friend, Taylor York, to joined the band as rhythm guitarist for touring. They released \"Riot!\" on June 12, 2007. \"Riot!\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number 20 and the UK charts at number 24. The album sold 44,000 copies in its first week in the United States.\nThey called the album \"Riot\" because it meant \"a sudden outburst of uncontrolled emotion\". The first single from the album, \"Misery Business\", was released on June 21, 2007. Williams said, \"[the song was] more honest than anything I've ever written, and the guys matched that emotion musically.\"\nThe second single from \"Riot!\" is called \"Hallelujah\". It was released on July 30, 2007. The single is only available on UK television and online. The music video features live performances and backstage footage, just like \"All We Know\". In August, Paramore was in New Found Glory's music video for their cover of Sixpence None the Richer's song \"Kiss Me\".\nThe music video for \"Crushcrushcrush\" was released on October 11, 2007, as the third single from Riot!. The music video of \"Crushcrushcrush\" featured Paramore playing the song in a desert being spied on by some people, and later crushed their equipment. The single was released in the United States on November 19. It was available in the United Kingdom on November 12, 2007. Hayley Williams did guest vocals for the songs \"The Church Channel\" and \"Plea\" for the Say Anything's album \"In Defense of the Genre\" that released on October 23, 2007.\nEarly in February 2008, Paramore started their Europe tour. However on February 21, 2008, they said that they had canceled some shows to fix their personal issues. Williams wrote on the band's website that \"the break will give that band a chance to get away and work out our personal issues\". MTV.com reported rumors of problems had started earlier in the month when Josh Farro expressed his anger against the media's focus on Hayley Williams. In the middle of those problems, Paramore recorded the music video for \"That's What You Get\", the album's fourth single. That was released on March 24, 2008.\nOn May 19, 2008, Paramore posted on their website to say they would be going on tour named \"The Final Riot!\" from July 25 to September 1.\nThe band had 2 songs in the soundtrack of the movie \"Twilight\". Those songs are \"Decode\" and \"I Caught Myself\". \"Decode\" is the first single of the soundtrack. The band started shoot the music video in October 13. The video premiered on November 3, 2008.\nOn November 25, 2008, Paramore released a live album named \"The Final Riot!\". The album has a bonus DVD with a full concert recorded in Chicago, and a behind the scenes documentary. On 9 of April 2009, \"The Final Riot!\" was certified gold in the US.\n2009: \"Brand New Eyes\".\nParamore released their third studio album called \"Brand New Eyes\" on September 29, 2009. In this album Taylor York was already a member of Paramore. Paramore decided to named the album \"Brand New Eyes\" because it means \"seeing things from a whole new perspective\" after all the personal problems in the band. Williams said, \"Just trying to let go of whatever we might have struggled with the past and just see each other in a new way.\" They released 5 singles from this album. They are \"Ignorance\", \"Brick By Boring Brick\", \"The Only Exception\", \"Careful\", and \"Playing God\".\n2010 - 2011: Farro's departure.\nOn December 18, 2010, Paramore posted on their official website that Josh Farro and Zac Farro had officially left the band. The post stated, \"...A couple of months ago, Josh and Zac let us know they would be leaving the band after our show in Orlando last Sunday. None of us were really shocked. For the last year it hasn't seemed as if they wanted to be around anymore. We want Josh and Zac to do something that makes them happy and if that isn't here with us, then we support them finding happiness elsewhere. But we never for a second thought about leaving any of this behind...\"\nOn December 22, 2010, Josh Farro post a response on his Blogger account, telling his version about his departure. The post that Josh wrote was entirely different from the band's post. He said that the band was no more than \"a manufactured product of a major-label.\" He also blame Hayley Williams for treating the rest of the group members as her solo project.\nOn February 2, 2011, Josh Farro confirmed that he is now in the new band called Novel American.\nOn March 21, 2011, Paramore said that they were about to entering a studio in Los Angeles with producer Rob Cavallo to record their next studio-album.\n2013.\nIn January 2013, Paramore came back with a new album called \"Paramore\".\n2017.\nThey released their new album 'After Laughter'.\n2023.\nParamore's latest album, \"This Is Why\" came out in February 2023, and reached #2 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States."}
+{"id": "68793", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68793", "title": "Koeln", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68794", "revid": "756599", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68794", "title": "Stonemasonry", "text": "Stonemasonry is the craft of making things out of stone. People who do this are called stonemasons. Their crafts have existed since the start of civilization. They have made important buildings and structures out of stone. This stone comes from the earth. Stone has been used to build many long-lasting things. These could be monuments, artifacts, cathedrals and cities. These can often be seen in many cultures. Some monuments made out of stone include, the Egyptian pyramids and the Greek Parthenon. Stonehenge is also a famous stone building."}
+{"id": "68795", "revid": "4135", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68795", "title": "Stonework", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68797", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68797", "title": "Peking", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68798", "revid": "407690", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68798", "title": "Moskva", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68824", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68824", "title": "Ouran High School Host Club", "text": "Ouran High School Host Club is a manga created by Bisco Hatori.\nPlot.\nThe manga and anime are centered around Haruhi Fujioka, who is a girl mistaken for a boy, and the Host Club which she belongs to. Haruhi is a commoner, and quite poor, whereas the other Host Club members are very rich."}
+{"id": "68825", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68825", "title": "Wei Yuan", "text": "Wei Yuan (23 April 1794 \u2013 26 March 1857) was a Chinese scholar during the Qing Dynasty. He wrote books on politics. He was also known as Mo Shen () and Hanshi ().\nLife.\nWhen Wei Yuan was young, he followed his teacher, Liu Feng, to study the History of China.\nDuring the reign of Daoguang Emperor, Wei Yuan successfully got a provincial degree in the Imperial examinations.\nIn 1826, Wei Yuan was ordered to write a political book called Huang Chao Jing Shi Wen Pian (). Besides, he helped the imperial official to deal with the problem of building the canals.\nFrom 1841 AD until 1842 AD, Wei Yuan was asked to defeat the British armies in the First Opium War.\nFrom 1842 AD until 1843 AD, Wei Yuan finished writing a book which was about the matters of Western countries. The book was called Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms ().\nAfter the First Opium War, Wei Yuan wrote another book titled Military history of the Qing Dynasty ()"}
+{"id": "68826", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68826", "title": "Leaders of Peru", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68827", "revid": "10314805", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68827", "title": "Herbert von Karajan", "text": "Herbert von Karajan (born Salzburg, Austria, 5 April 1908; \u2013 Salzburg 16 July 1989) was an Austrian conductor. He was probably the best-known conductor in the world during his time. He conducted the greatest orchestras, and made many wonderful recordings. He was the conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic for 35 years.\nEarly years.\nHerbert von Karajan was born in Salzburg. His name at first was Heribert Ritter von Karajan. In 1916, he went to study the piano at the Mozarteum in Salzburg. There he was told he should learn conducting. By 1929, he was conducting at the Festspielhaus, Salzburg. In 1933, he joined the Nazi party. In 1934, he led the Vienna Philharmonic for the first time. He conducted regularly in Ulm and Aachen. \nIn 1937, Karajan first conducted the Berlin Philharmonic and the Berlin State Opera He was very successful when he conducted \"Tristan und Isolde\". In 1938 a Berlin music critic called him \"Das Wunder Karajan\" (The Karajan miracle). He started to make recordings. However, one day in June 1939 he was conducting \"Die Meistersinger\" at Bayreuth in front of Hitler and his guests the King and Queen of Yugoslavia when he suddenly could not remember the music (he was conducting without the score). The singers stopped and the curtain came down. Hitler was very angry and said that Karajan would never conduct at Bayreuth again. This event may actually have helped his career after World War II. Many people who had worked for the Nazis and for Hitler were not allowed to work.\nMarriage, and wartime career.\nDuring the war, in 1942, Karajan married Anita G\u00fctermann. She was the daughter of a rich man who had a business making sewing machines. His wife was partly Jewish. This caused the Nazis to talk about whether Karajan should still be allowed to conduct. By 1944, he was not in favour with the Nazis, but he was still conducting in Berlin. He left Berlin and went to Milan, Italy with his wife in February 1945. Karajan divorced Anita in 1958.\nAlthough he was deposed after the war because of his Nazi connections, he started to conduct again in 1946.\nAfter the war.\nKarajan gave his first concert after the war in 1946 in Vienna with the Vienna Philharmonic. He was banned again by the occupying Russians, but started conducting again the next year. \nKarajan gave many concerts with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra for the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna. He conducted at La Scala in Milan for the 1948-49 season. From 1947, he made many recordings with the Philharmonia Orchestra in London and the Vienna Philharmonic in Vienna.\nIn 1951 and 1952, he conducted again at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus where he changed the seating plan for the orchestra that had been compulsory since Wagner made it in 1876.\nIn 1955, after the death of Wilhelm Furtw\u00e4ngler, he was made artistic director (conductor) for life of the Berlin Philharmonic. From 1957 to 1964 he was artistic director of the Vienna State Opera.\nHe very often conducted the Vienna Philharmonic and gave many concerts at the Salzburg Festival. He continued to work very hard performing, conducting, and recording until his death in 1989. In Karajan's last years he left the Berlin Philharmonic after arguments with them, and concentrated on working again with the Vienna State Opera and the Vienna Philharmonic.\nHis fame and personality.\nHerbert von Karajan had very good musicianship and memory. He conducted without a score in front of him, very often with his eyes closed. He is remembered for being very strict (like a dictator) and always insisting on having things the way he wanted. There are many stories about him that show this. He insisted on being paid very high fees. When he was being filmed conducting an orchestra, he wanted the cameras to show him all the time. When he conducted Wagner at the Metropolitan Opera, he made the stand for the conductor higher so that the audience could see him."}
+{"id": "68828", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68828", "title": "Die Meistersinger", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68830", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68830", "title": "Snape Maltings", "text": "Snape Maltings is a group of buildings including a famous concert hall in the village of Snape, Suffolk. Many concerts are given in the Maltings. Every year the Aldeburgh Festival has many of its concerts there. The composer Benjamin Britten used to live in Aldeburgh with the singer Peter Pears. They started a music school for young people. The Britten-Pears Foundation still continues today, with many concerts based in the Maltings. This foundation gives young musicians a chance to learn from famous music teachers and perform at concerts. Many of them have recently graduated from a music college.\nThe buildings on the site are mostly from the 19th century. They are built on the banks of the River Ore. Originally they were built to make barley and beer. When the barley had been malted it used to be sent to London and exported to Europe. The Maltings closed during the 1960s. Since then the buildings have been restored and rebuilt to include the famous concert hall. It was opened in 1967, burnt down in 1969, and rebuilt in 1970. \nThe Holst Library is connected to the Maltings and is named in honour of Imogen Holst, the daughter of Gustav Holst, who was a close friend of Benjamin Britten and an artistic director of the Aldeburgh Festival from 1956 to 1977.\nThe concert hall is a place for concerts and many other community activities during the year. Aldeburgh Music have concerts in June, and in August the Snape Proms take place. These are concerts at which some audience can by cheap tickets and sit on the floor at the front. They often take rugs to sit on."}
+{"id": "68831", "revid": "1368380", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68831", "title": "Gladiator", "text": " \nGladiators (Latin: \"gladiat\u014dr\u0113s\", \"swordsmen\" or \"one who uses a sword,\" from \"gladius\", \"sword\") were professional fighters in ancient Rome, who fought against each other, wild animals and sentenced criminals, sometimes to the death, for the entertainment of the public. These fights took place in arenas in many cities from the Roman Republic period through the Roman Empire.\nThe word comes from \"gladius\", the Latin word for a short sword used by legionaries and some gladiators. \nGladiators often were slaves and people from other countries that fought Ancient Rome and lost and were captured. Some were normal citizens of the Roman Republic who wanted to be a gladiator and give up their freedom for a chance at glory.\nThere were different types of gladiators in the arena, such as Thracians, Mirmillones, Retiarii, and the Secutores. They used different types of armor and weapons. Besides swords, some used spears or axes. The gladiators were the professional athletes of their time. A few became very famous and rich.\nSometimes gladiators fought to the death. Sometimes the Emperor was there, and would have the final say about who would live and who would die. "}
+{"id": "68832", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68832", "title": "Ohm's Law", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68833", "revid": "825666", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68833", "title": "Ohm's law", "text": "Ohm's law says that in an electrical circuit, the current passing through a resistor is related to the voltage difference and the electrical resistance between the two sides, as long as the physical conditions and the temperature of the conductor remain constant. Because there are three variables, it can be written in three ways, depending on which variable is placed on the left of the equals sign:\nIn these equations, I is the current in amperes, \"V\" is the potential difference in volts, and \"R\" is a constant, measured in ohms, called the resistance.\nCurrent, Voltage, and Resistance.\nVoltage.\nVoltage is how much energy is between two points on a circuit. These two points have different charges, one is higher and the other is lower. The difference between these two points of the charge is how we measure the voltage. The unit of \u201cvolt\u201d is the name of the Italian physicist who created the first chemical battery. \u00a0The letter \u201cV\u201d represents voltage.\nCurrent.\nCurrent is how fast the charge is flowing. The higher the charge, the faster the current. Current has to do with electrons flowing in a circuit. Current measures how fast the electrons go. The unit of the current is \u201campere,\u201d (often referred to as \u201camps\u201d). The letter \u201cI\u201d is usually used to represent current, from the French \"intensit\u00e9 du courant\", (current intensity).\nResistance.\nThe resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to the cross-section area of wire. Resistance is how much the circuit resists the flow of the charge. This makes sure the charge does not flow too fast and damage the components. In a circuit, a light bulb can be a resistor. If electrons flow through the light bulb, then the light bulb will light up. If the resistance is high, then the lamp will be dimmer. The unit of resistance is \u201c\u03a9\u201d, \u00a0which is called omega, and pronounced \u201cohm\u201d, it is the name of the inventor of Ohm\u2019s law.\nHow Current, Voltage, and Resistance are related.\nCurrent, Voltage, and Resistance are related, which is called \u201cOhm\u2019s law\u201d. The unit of resistance (also named an \"Ohm\"), is defined so that \u201c1 Ohm\u201d as the resistance between two points in a conductor where the application of 1 volt will push 1 ampere, or 6.241\u00d710^18 electrons, through. This takes energy, which (depending on the component which the charge is flowing through) is usually lost as heat.\nFind all values in the circuit.\nFor example, a scientist knows that the value of the voltage is 20V. Resistance is known, which is in the light bulb, is 10 \u03a9. Now we need to find the other unknown variable, which is current. The Ohm\u2019s law formula can be used to solve it. With the two known variables, V(voltage) and R(resistance), the only variable left to find is I(current).\n20V= 10\u03a9 * I\nI = 2A\nIn a problem, a scientist always gets enough information to solve the other values, the only thing a scientist has to memorize is the Ohm\u2019s law formula. Then it is used with what is given to solve the unknown part. In the example above, the current is 2 amps."}
+{"id": "68835", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68835", "title": "Lin Shu", "text": "Lin Shu (8 November 1852, Fuzhou 9 October 1924, Beijing) was a Chinese translator from Fujian. He worked with others to translate more than 170 titles (mostly novels) from English and French to Chinese."}
+{"id": "68838", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68838", "title": "Kamikaze", "text": "Kamikaze (Japanese: \u795e\u98a8; literally: \"god-wind\"; usual translation: \"divine wind\") is a word of Japanese origin. It comes from the name the Japanese gave to a typhoon that destroyed the Mongol ships in the 13th century and saved the country from invasion. In Western culture, the word \"kamikaze\" is used to mean the suicide pilots of the Empire of Japan. Those pilots attacked the ships of the Allied Powers in the final years of World War II, during which they flew their planes into enemy ships. It has also come to mean other kinds of suicide attacks.\nMost people in Western culture believe the word \"kamikaze\" was the name used by the Japanese military for pilots, but that is not true. Their correct name was \"tokubetsu k\u014dgeki tai\" (\u7279\u5225\u653b\u6483\u968a), which literally means \"special attack team.\" This is usually abbreviated \"tokk\u014dtai\" (\u7279\u653b\u968a) in a shortened form. The suicide attacks made by Navy pilots were called \"shinp\u016b tokubetsu k\u014dgeki tai\" (\u795e\u98a8\u7279\u5225\u653b\u6483\u968a, \"divine wind special attack team\"). The American translators used a different style of pronunciation of the Japanese language by mistake, and read the word \"shinp\u016b\" (\"divine wind\") as \"kamikaze\", as those Japanese characters can be read both ways. The name became so well known after the war that Japanese also started using it.\nHistory.\nAfter the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the Japanese Navy and its Air force were defeated in several important battles, like Midway and the Philippine Sea. They lost many ships (including nearly all the Japanese aircraft carriers), hundreds of fighter aircraft, and many of their best pilots. The Japanese industry was small and very poor compared to the American industry. For this reason, the United States replaced their lost ships and planes with better ones very quickly; but Japan could only make few, and of poor quality. During 1943-44, the Allied forces were moving towards Japan. At the Battle of the Philippine Sea, on June 19-20, 1944, the Japanese forces were pushed back to the Philippines.\nOn July 15, Saipan (in the Northern Mariana Islands) was captured by Allied forces. The capture of Saipan made it possible for the United States Army Air Force to attack Japan itself, using B-29 Superfortress bombers. After the fall of Saipan, the Japanese commanders knew that the Allies would try to capture the Philippines next. The Philippines were very important because they were located between the oil fields of Southeast Asia and Japan. If Japan lost control over the Philippines, they would have little fuel left for their ships. On October 17, the Allies started the attack on the Philippines in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.\nVice Admiral Takijiro Onishi was in charge of the Japanese Air Force in Manila. He understood that it was impossible to win the battle with so few aircraft and trained pilots. For this reason, he decided to form a suicide attack force, the Special Attack Unit. A group of 24 student pilots volunteered for the mission. The Special Attack force was organized into 4 groups, \"Unit Shikishima\", \"Unit Yamato\", \"Unit Asahi\", and \"Unit Yamazakura\". These names were taken from a patriotic poem (\"waka\" or \"tanka\"), written by the Japanese classical poet, Motoori Norinaga: (\u6577\u5cf6\u306e \u5927\u548c\u5fc3\u3092 \u4eba\u554f\u306f\u3070 \u671d\u65e5\u306b\u5302\u3046 \u5c71\u685c\u82b1). The poem reads: \"\"Shikishima no Yamato-gokoro wo hito towaba, asahi ni niou yamazakura bana\"\nThe Japanese were defeated at the battle of Leyte Gulf, but the Special Attack force had great success. The first \"kamikaze\" attack took place on October 21, 1944, against the flagship of the Royal Australian Navy, HMAS \"Australia\". 30 sailors died in the attack, including its Captain Emile Dechaineux, and many more were wounded. By October 26, 47 more Allied ships had been attacked. Most of them were badly damaged or sunk, like the United States aircraft carrier USS \"St. Lo\".\nThis early success convinced the Japanese commanders to continue the \"kamikaze\" attacks. Many more pilots were recruited to act as \"kamikaze\". Over the next few months, more than 2,000 planes made such attacks. When the Japanese stock of airplanes began to run low, new models of low quality were built for these missions. Some of them, like the Nakajima Ki-115 \"Tsurugi\", were made mostly of wood and used stocks of older engines. The plane's landing gear was usually dropped by the pilot after takeoff so it could be used by other aircraft, because he would not be landing again. Similar suicide attack programs were planned, including rocket bombs with pilots (called \"Ohka\") and submarine torpedoes (\"Kaiten\").\nThe high point of \"kamikaze\" attacks came from April 6 to May 25, 1945 during the Battle of Okinawa, in \"Operation Kikusui\" (\"floating chrysanthemums\"). In that time, seven important waves of attacks took place, with more than 1,500 \"kamikaze\" planes. Because their training had been too short and their airplanes were poorly made, \"kamikaze\" pilots were easy targets for the experienced Allied pilots, who also had much better planes. But still, the \"kamikaze\" who escaped the anti-aircraft fire and the enemy fighter airplanes did great damage to the Allied fleet. The Allies won the battle, but they lost many ships and men because of \"kamikaze\" attacks. By the end of the battle, at least 21 American ships had been sunk by \"kamikazes\". Some ships from other Allied navies were also sunk, and dozens more were damaged.\nHundreds of extra \"kamikaze\" planes were ready to defend Japan from invasion. However, with Japan's surrender on August 15 after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the declaration of war by the Soviet Union, they were never used again.\nEffects.\nThe most important effect of the attacks was creating fear among the Allied troops. When the American ships went to the last battles, the crews were very afraid of \"kamikaze\" pilots. By the end of World War II, the Japanese Navy had sacrificed 2,525 \"kamikaze\" pilots, and the Air force had lost 1,387. The Japanese government said, the missions sank 81 ships and damaged 195. They also claimed that the \"kamikaze\" attacks were the cause of 80% of Allied deaths in the last years of the War.\nThe American sources claim that \"kamikaze\" sunk less ships than the Japanese say. But still, they agree that they did very important damage. According to a U.S. Air Force source, the \"kamikaze\" attackers sunk 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800. In a 2010 book, the historian Robin Rielly said that about 60 U.S. ships were sunk by kamikazes, and over 400 were damaged by them.\nKamikaze beliefs.\nMany \"kamikaze\" pilots offered themselves as volunteers for the mission. They were usually very young, between 18 and 24 years old. Their belief was that dying when striking the enemies of Japan and the Emperor down was a very honorable death. This principle was traditional since the days of the samurai, and gave great importance to the sense of duty and obedience. This idea was called \"Giri\" (\"Obligation\"), and was part of the code of conduct of the Japanese warriors since the Middle Ages, the \"Bushido\". Many young men sacrificed themselves by their free will because these beliefs and their love for the home land were the most important things for them. The \"tokk\u014dtai\" pilot's manual told pilots to never close their eyes. This was because if a pilot closed his eyes he would miss his target. In the final moments before the crash, the pilot was to shout \"Hissatsu!\" (\"Special Death!\") as loud as he could.\nHowever, many others did so because of social pressure. Not offering oneself as a volunteer was a sign of cowardice and dishonor. Several professional pilots who were ordered to do suicide attacks did it because of military obedience, not because of honor. One of the first \"kamikaze\" pilots, Lieutenant Yukio Seki, wrote after nearly being forced to volunteer:\nA special ceremony before going to combat usually took place. Pilots drank sake and ate a ball of rice. They were given medals, and a katana sword. They put on a headband with the rising sun, and a \"sennibari\", a \"belt of a thousand stitches\" made by a thousand women, who made one stitch each. Many times, they took prayers written by their families with them. According to legend, young pilots on \"kamikaze\" missions many times flew southwest from Japan over the 922-metre (~3000\u00a0ft) Mount Kaimon. Suicide mission pilots looked over their shoulders to see this, and said farewell to their country. Another legend says that \"kamikaze\" pilots dropped flowers from the air, as they departed on their final missions. Some places, like the hills near Kikajima airport, are said to have beds of cornflower that bloom in early May from those days.\nSome important military men who survived the war criticized the \"kamikaze\" plan years after. Saburo Sakai, a war time ace pilot said:"}
+{"id": "68840", "revid": "9817275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68840", "title": "\u00dc", "text": "\u00dc (or \u00fc) is a letter not used in English. It is commonly used to represent the sound . \u00dc started as a u with an e above it. It comes from the German language and is used in the Turkic languages, such as Turkish. In German, \u00fc can be replaced by the digraph ue respectively, if it is not available on the keyboard. \nMandated during in 1928, Turkey latinized its alphabet formerly written in an Arabic script, using the extra German letters since they corresponded well to Turkic phonetic sounds.\nGerman.\nGermany and Austria.\n\u00dc is one of the 4 extra letters used in German. It can be replaced by using the digraph ue. In English language newspapers, \u00fc is often written as \"u\", but this is not correct.\nInternet addresses are often written as \"ue\".\nSwitzerland.\nGerman is one of the official languages of Switzerland. Its people who speak German normally use \u00fc."}
+{"id": "68841", "revid": "1649829", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68841", "title": "Umlaut", "text": "An umlaut is a diacritic or accent used in some languages, including German. They are written \u00e4, \u00f6, \u00fc (or ae, oe, ue). \nWithout the diaeresis (the dots) those three letters are said [a], [o], and [u]. In German, when the dots are put over them, \u00e4, \u00f6, and \u00fc change to sound like [\u025b], [\u0153]/[\u00f8] and [y]/[\u028f].\nWhen a word that has umlaut letters with dots is changed into English, the letters are usually written as ae, oe, or ue instead of \u00e4, \u00f6, or \u00fc."}
+{"id": "68842", "revid": "1260226", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68842", "title": "\u00d6", "text": "\u00d6 (or \u00f6) is a letter used in some languages, such as German, Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Turkish, Swedish and Icelandic. It also takes the form \u0153, \u00f8, o\u030e, o\u0364 or oe.\nGerman.\nGermany and Austria.\n\u00d6 is one of the 4 extra letters used in German. It can be replaced by using the digraph oe. In English language newspapers, \u00f6 is often written as \"o\", but this is not correct.\nInternet addresses are often written as \"oe\" because the internet address system used to only understand ordinary English letters and they are still the most common.\nSwitzerland.\nGerman is one of the official languages of Switzerland. It has its own dialect known as Swiss-German (or Schweizerdeutsch). \u00d6 is used in it as well."}
+{"id": "68843", "revid": "1555874", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68843", "title": "List of emperors of China", "text": "This is a list of the rulers of China from 221 BC to AD 1911. These rulers named themselves (Mandarin: \"huangdi\"); in English they are called emperors.\nAll of them were men but Wu Zetian.\nRulers of the Qin Dynasty (211\u2013206 BC).\nRulers of the Qin Dynasty: \nQin Shihuang | Qin Er Shi | Ziying\nRulers of the Yuan Dynasty (1271\u20131368).\nRulers of the Yuan Dynasty: \nKublai Khan | Tem\u00fcr Khan | K\u00fcl\u00fcg Khan | Buyantu Khan | Gegeen Khan | Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr | Borjigin Ragibagh | Jayaatu Khan | Khutughtu Khan | Borjigin Rinchinbal | Toghon Tem\u00fcr\nRulers of the Ming Dynasty (1368\u20131644).\nRulers of the Ming Dynasty: \nHongwu Emperor | Jianwen Emperor | Yongle Emperor | Hongxi Emperor | Xuande Emperor | Zhengtong Emperor | Jingtai Emperor | Chenghua Emperor | Hongzhi Emperor | Zhengde Emperor | Jiajing Emperor | Longqing Emperor | Wanli Emperor | Taichang Emperor | Tianqi Emperor | Chongzhen Emperor \nRulers of the Qing Dynasty (1644\u20131911).\nRulers of the Qing Dynasty: \nTaizu Emperor | Huang Taiji | Shunzhi Emperor | Kangxi Emperor | Yongzheng Emperor | Qianlong Emperor | Jiaqing Emperor | Daoguang Emperor | Xianfeng Emperor | Tongzhi Emperor | Guangxu Emperor | Xuantong Emperor "}
+{"id": "68844", "revid": "1605386", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68844", "title": "\u00c4", "text": "\u00c4 (lowercase \u00e4) is a letter used in some languages. It is just an \"a\" with an umlaut. It evolved from the letter \u00c5 (lowercase \u00e5).\nGerman.\nGermany, Austria and Switzerland.\n\u00c4 is one of the 4 extra letters used in German. It can be replaced by using the digraph ae. In English language newspapers, \u00e4 is often written as \"a\" but this is not correct. It is usually pronounced like the \"e\" in \"bed\u201d. In Estonia however, it is almost always pronouced like the letter \u201ca\u201d in \u201cbad\u201d.\nInternet addresses are written as \"ae\" because the internet address system can only understand ordinary English letters."}
+{"id": "68845", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68845", "title": "Ulyanovsk", "text": "Ulyanovsk (), formerly Simbirsk (), is a city on the Volga River in Russia. It was founded in the year 1648. Ulyanovsk had a population of 638,300 in 2005. It is the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast. In 1924, the city was renamed Ulyanovsk after Vladimir Ulyanov, better known as Lenin, who was born there."}
+{"id": "68846", "revid": "506608", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68846", "title": "Simbirsk", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68848", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68848", "title": "Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68849", "revid": "9889045", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68849", "title": "Age of Enlightenment", "text": "The Age of Enlightenment was an 18th-century intellectual movement in Europe to make people more aware about science rather than religion and tradition. It was heavily influenced by philosophers like Locke, Voltaire, Diderot and Kant. It was also known as the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment grew partly out of the earlier scientific revolution and the ideas of Ren\u00e9 Descartes.\nIdeas.\nThe Enlightenment's most important idea was that all people can reason and think for themselves, so people should not automatically believe authority. People do not even have to believe the teachings of churches or priests. That was a very new idea at the time.\nAnother important idea was that a society is best when everyone works together to create it. Even people with very little power or money should have the same rights as the rich and powerful to help create the society they live in. The nobility should no longer have special rights or privileges. \nThose were very new ideas at the time. They were also dangerous thoughts for the people in power. Many Enlightenment philosophers were put in prison or were forced to leave their home countries.\nEffects.\nMany of the Founding Fathers of the United States believed in the Enlightenment's ideas. For example, the idea that a government should benefit all of a country's people, not just the people in power, was very important to them. They created the idea of a government \"for the people\", one of the most important parts of the new United States Constitution and the new American government.\nThe Enlightenment's ideas were also important to the people who fought in the French Revolution, which started in 1789. \nIn some countries, kings and queens took some of the Enlightenment's ideas and made changes to their governments, although they kept power for themselves. Such kings and queens were called \"enlightened despots.\" Examples include Catherine the Great of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia, and Gustav III of Sweden.\nDuring the Age of Enlightenment, as more and more people began to value reason, some began to disagree with the idea that God created the world, which caused conflicts and later, war. \nMany ideas that are important today were created during the Enlightenment such as the following: \nThe Enlightenment's ideas about thinking with reason, having personal freedoms, and not having to follow the Catholic Church were important in creating capitalism and socialism. \nImportant figures.\nImportant people in the Enlightenment came from many different countries and shared ideas in many different ways. Here are some of the best-known Enlightenment figures, organized by home country:"}
+{"id": "68851", "revid": "1554056", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68851", "title": "Hawk", "text": "A hawk is a common term for a medium to large-sized birds of prey. Its usage varies in different places.\nAccipitrine hawks generally take birds as their primary prey. They have also been called \"hen-hawks\", or \"wood-hawks\" because of their woodland habitat. Within the hawk species, the female is generally larger than the male. Like most birds, the hawk migrates in the autumn and the spring. \nThey have many photoreceptors in their retina, and an exceptional number of nerves connecting the receptors to the brain. There is an indented fovea, which magnifies the central portion of the visual field.\nHawks have always been known to have sharp vision and to be very able hunters."}
+{"id": "68853", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68853", "title": "Bird of prey", "text": "A bird of prey (also called raptor) is a bird that mainly uses its claws (called \"talons\") to seize prey. They have strong sharp, hooked beaks and claws and have sharp eyesight. \nThey are not classified into one natural family or group. The behaviour evolved many times in different groups. This is an illustration of convergent evolution.\nClassification by ancestry.\nDaytime birds.\nThose bird of prey that are active during the day (diurnal) are classified into five families in two orders. The orders are the Falconiformes and Accipitriformes.\nNighttime birds.\nNocturnal birds of prey \u2013 the owls \u2013 are classified separately, as members of two families of the order Strigiformes."}
+{"id": "68854", "revid": "3901", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68854", "title": "Moons of Neptune", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68855", "revid": "1368380", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68855", "title": "O RLY?", "text": "O RLY? is an Internet meme often used in chat rooms or Forums. It is short for \"Oh, really?\". O RLY is used as a response to an above post or comment to show (sarcastically) that it is obvious, clear, or apparent. O RLY? is usually followed by \"YA RLY\", then \"NO WAI\". This sarcasm is not to be confused with trolling, disrupting a forum, or a chat room. The meme has spread on many forums, across the Internet. It is usually seen with pictures of animals with open mouths."}
+{"id": "68856", "revid": "11547", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68856", "title": "O RLY", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68857", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68857", "title": "Atomic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68875", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68875", "title": "Jeffrey Buttle", "text": "Jeffrey Buttle (born September 1, 1982) is a figure skater from Canada. \nButtle has won the national championships for Canada three times. He won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2006 Winter Olympics. He won the World Championships in 2008. He has twice won the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.\nButtle retired from competitions in 2008. Nowadays, he shows his skating acts in ice shows and makes skating programs for other skaters.\nButtle is known for very good skating skills. The edges of his skating blades are leaned very deep, making his skating fun to watch even when he does not perform any jumps. He is known for his spread eagle and his Ina Bauer, skating movements on ice."}
+{"id": "68876", "revid": "507156", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68876", "title": "Jeff Buttle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68879", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68879", "title": "Ina Bauer", "text": "An Ina Bauer is a figure skating element. It is named after a figure skater from Germany named Ina Bauer, who invented the position.\nThe Ina Bauer is performed by placing the feet in the fourth position in ballet. The front leg is bent forwards at the knee and the back leg is extended behind the skater. The front leg can be either on an inside edge or an outside edge. An outside edge Ina Bauer is harder to do. While the skater skates in a curve across the ice (necessary because of the skate positions), the back can be bent backwards. This is not mandatory, but it does add to the element.\nThe Ina Bauer is a famous move in Japan because it was performed by Shizuka Arakawa during her long program at the 2006 Winter Olympics, which she won. Because she bends back so far during the move, the term in Japanese has come to mean anything having to do with bending backwards."}
+{"id": "68883", "revid": "820266", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68883", "title": "Shawn Sawyer", "text": "Shawn Sawyer (born January 14, 1985 in Edmundston, New Brunswick) is a Canadian figure skater. He won the bronze medal two times at the Canadian national championships. He skated at the 2006 Winter Olympics and came in 12th. \nBiography.\nUnlike most figure skaters who spin on the ice and during their jumps in a counter-clockwise motion, Sawyer is one of few skaters who jumps and spins in a clockwise direction. Other skaters who rotate \"lefty\" are Johnny Weir and Alissa Czisny.\nSawyer is known for his great flexibility and his artistry on the ice. Most male skaters do not perform spirals during competition because they do not get credit for doing them. Sawyer uses them to highlight his skating and as difficulty entrances. They are also a major part of his non-competitive (\"exhibition\") programs. Sawyer's spirals and flexible spins have given him a different look from most other skaters and have helped his popularity.\nSawyer is often compared to Canadian Olympic bronze medalist Toller Cranston. When Sawyer was 12, Cranston was about to retire from show skating. Cranston put together a televised show in which he and other top ranked skaters, including Scott Hamilton, skated with Sawyer and gave him advice. Cranston still advises Sawyer.\nSawyer can perform a backflip on ice. He was taught this move by Brian Orser.\nSawyer has performed the Biellmann spin in exhibition when he was a junior-level skater, but has since stopped training it. Still, he remains one of the few male skaters to have ever performed this move."}
+{"id": "68885", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68885", "title": "Brian Orser", "text": "Brian Orser, OC (born December 18, 1961 in Belleville, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian figure skater. He won two silver medals (second place) at the Olympics: the first in 1984 and the second in 1988.\nAt the 1988 Olympics, he was part of the \"Battle of the Brians\". He and American Brian Boitano were both favorites to win the competition. Boitano won it in a very close call over Orser.\nIn 1998, an ex-boyfriend of Orser announced in a court of law that Orser is gay. Orser did not want this known at first. He thought that people knowing that he was gay would affect his career in a negative way. However, he has since embraced being \"outed\".\nOrser retired from show skating in 2007. He now is a co-director of skating at a rink in Toronto."}
+{"id": "68887", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68887", "title": "Yuna Kim", "text": "Kim Yeon-ah (, IPA: [kimj\u028cna]; born September 5, 1990 in Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do) is a South Korean figure skater.\nShe is the 2010 Olympic champion in ladies singles, the 2009 World champion, the 2009 Four Continents championship, a three-time (2006\u20132007, 2007\u20132008, 2009\u20132010) Grand Prix Final champion, the 2006 World Junior champion, the 2005\u20132006 2005\u20132006 ISU Junior Grand Prix|Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a four-time (2002\u20132005) South Korean national champion.\nKim is the first South Korean figure skater to get a medal at the Olympic Games. She is one of the most well known athletes in South Korea.\nAs of April 2010, she became the first in the world by the International Skating Union. She was also the first female skater to pass the 200-point mark under the ISU Judging System.\nPersonal life.\nKim Yeon-ah was born in 1990 in Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, and moved to Gunpo when she was six. In March 2007, she went to Canada to train for her figure skating with her judge, Brian Orser. In 2009, Kim went into Korea University, but she still continued her training in Canada.\nThe right spelling of her name is 'Kim Yeon-ah'. However, when she applied for a passport, she wanted her name written as 'Yun-a', but the official made a mistake and wrote her name as 'Yu-na'. In Korean 'Yu-na' would be written as \"\uc720\ub098\" and not \"\uc5f0\uc544\".\nCareer.\nEarly career.\nKim began skating when she was seven years old. At that time, her coach, Ryu Jong-Hyeon, approved of Kim's talent. Because of this, he told Kim's mother that Kim should continue to train and become a competitive figure skater, as Yuna had perfect conditions and great skills for her age to become a figure skater.\nIn 2002, she competed internationally for the first time at the Triglav Trophy and won a gold medal there. A year later, when she was 12 years old, she won the senior title at the South Korean Figure Skating Championships. She was the youngest skater ever to win that title. She won her second international contest at the Golden Bear of Zagreb.\nJunior career.\n2004\u20132005 season.\nIn the 2004\u20132005 season, as a junior skater, Kim competed at the ISU Junior Grand Prix, which is a junior complement to the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. She won a silver medal at the event in China and a gold medal at the event in Hungary. She won a silver medal at the 2005 Junior Grand Prix Final with an overall score of 137.75 points.\nShe retained her National Championship title for the third year in a row on her way to the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships. At that competition, she won a silver medal again, earning 158.93 points.\n2005\u20132006 season.\nFor the 2005\u20132006 season, Kim was not old enough to compete at the 2006 Olympics.\nSo instead, she went to the 2005\u20132006 Junior Grand Prix and won both of the contests, in Bulgaria and Slovakia. At the 2006 Junior Grand Prix Final, she won the competition by getting 28.34 points more than Aki Sawada, who had gotten the silver medal. During her freeskate, she made seven triple jumps, including a triple flip.\nAt the 2006 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, she was the rival of Mao Asada, a Japanese figure-skater, and won the gold medal. When she won this medal, she had made 177.54 points.\nSenior career.\n2006\u20132007 season.\nIn order to prepare for her next contest in the 2006\u20132007 season, Kim practiced very much at the Skating and Curling Club of Toronto in Canada during the summer of 2006. She was trained by Brian Orser and David Wilson.\nKim won a bronze medal at the 2006 Skate Canada after earning a score of 168.48 points. She won the 2006 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard with a score of 184.54 points, 10.10 ahead of Miki Ando, the skater who got the silver medal. Those performances made Kim be allowed to the Grand Prix Final in St. Petersburg, Russia. At this place, Kim won, earning 184.20 points, which was 11.68 points more than Mao Asada, who earned the silver medal.\nKim was forced to stop because she got hurt at the 2006\u20132007 South Korean Championships. Because of this, she had to go to the hospital.\nKim was picked to compete at the 2007 World Figure Skating Championships. During the World Championships in Tokyo, Japan, Kim won the short program with 71.95 points, setting a world record. She placed fourth in the long program scoring 114.19 points, and finished the third one with 186.14 points behind Miki Ando and Mao Asada of Japan. Kim's points helped two more South Korean ladies come for the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships.\nIn March 2007, Brian Orser became Kim's new full-time coach. Because she liked the training environment in Toronto, Kim made Toronto her training home. Her coaches included at that time Brian Orser, Astrid Shrubb, David Wilson, and Tracy Wilson.\n2007\u20132008 season.\nKim started off the 2007\u20132008 season by winning the 2007 Cup of China with a score of 180.68 points, which was 24.34 ahead of Caroline Zhang, who had gotten the silver medal. At the 2007 Cup of Russia, Kim won both the short program scoring 63.50 points and the free skate with 133.70 points. So she set a world record for the free skate score under the ISU Judging System. She also did a flip jump-toe loop put together, a loop jump, a lutz jump-toe loop jump, an axel jump-toe loop jump, and a triple lutz jump.\nShe was allowed to the 2007\u20132008 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final in Turin, Italy. She won the short program with 64.62 points. With a score of 196.83 points, Kim won her second Grand Prix Final.\nKim did not attend the 2007\u20132008 South Korean Nationals and also did not go to the 2008 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships because of a hip injury. Even though she still had back pain, she went to the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. She was placed fifth in the short program with 59.85 points. She scored 183.23 points overall, and won her second bronze medal.\n2008\u20132009 season.\nKim was assigned to the 2008 Skate America and the 2008 Cup of China Grand Prix for the 2008\u20132009 ISU Grand Prix season.\nAt the 2008 Skate America, Kim was placed first in the short program with a score of 69.50. She went on to get the ladies title by winning the free skate with a score of 123.95. She won the event with 193.45 points, which was more than 20 points ahead of Yukari Nakano of Japan, who won the silver medal.\nKim continued to win and earn medals at the 2008 Cup of China, where she received a score of 63.64 in the short program and 128.11 in the free skate, winning first in both of them. The became all together 191.75. Her performance let her into the 2008\u20132009 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final|2008\u20132009 Grand Prix Final.\nDuring the 2008\u20132009 Grand Prix Final, which was held in Goyang, South Korea, she was placed first in the short program with 65.94 points and second in the free skate where she earned 120.41 points. She won silver medal with a total score of 186.35 points, 2.20 points behind Mao Asada of Japan.\nKim contested in the 2009 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships in Vancouver, Canada. She set a new world record of 72.24 points in the short program. She also scored 116.83 in the free skating program, winning the gold medal.\nDuring the 2009 World Figure Skating Championships, held in Los Angeles, United States, she set another new world record of 76.12 points, surpassing her previous record by almost four points. She performed a triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a triple lutz jump and a double axel jump. At the same time, she earned a level four on all her spins. She also won the free skating program, scoring 131.59 points and showing great skills with her artistry and her musical abilities. Because of these, she set a new world record of 207.71 as well as winning her first World Championship title and she became the first female skater to go over 200 points under the ISU Judging System. Her score was 16.42 points ahead of Joannie Rochette, the woman who earned the silver medal. She was the only competitor who earned eights in program components marks in both the short program and the free skate at the competition. Kim was the only female skater whose triple-triple combination was seen by the judges in both the short and free programs during the 2008\u20132009 season.\n2009\u20132010 season.\nKim was assigned to the 2009 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard and the 2009 Skate America in the 2009\u20132010 ISU Grand Prix season.\nAt the 2009 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard, she won first in the short program with the score of 76.08 points, 16.44 points ahead of Yukari Nakano. Her three spins were all graded as a level four. Showing great artistic skills, she won the free skate scoring 133.95 points. She won the event with 210.03 points, 36.04 ahead of Mao Asada. Kim set world records for the free skate.\nAt the 2009 Skate America, Kim won first again, which was 17.48 points more than Rachael Flatt. She received +2.20 points for her triple lutz-triple toe loop combination. This was the highest point ever given for jumps by the ISU in ladies' figure skating. She also won second in the free skate with the score of 111.70 points, because of her mistakes in her jumps. Although it was one of her lowest scores, she still won the event with 187.98 points, beating Rachael Flatt. At the competition, she set a new world record again.\nHer victories in both Grand Prix events qualified her for the 2009\u20132010 Grand Prix Final in Tokyo, Japan, in December 2009. At the event, she placed second in the short program with 65.64 points, 0.56 behind Miki Ando. The next day, she won the free skate with 123.22 points. Because of all these, Kim finally won her third Grand Prix Final title with a score of 188.86 points.\nIn February 2010, Kim competed at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, where she won gold medal.\nIn March 2010, Kim competed at the 2010 World Figure Skating Championships in Turin, Italy. Kim said she had tried but had a hard time with competing. She won seventh in the short program with 60.30 points. She opened with a triple lutz-triple toe loop, but had problems with her spinning. In the end, She won the silver medal totalling 190.79 points.\n2010 Winter Olympics.\nKim competed in the ladies event at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, which was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.\nIn the short program on February 23, she made a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, a triple flip and a double axel. She set a new world record.\nOn February 25, she won the free skate with a score of 150.06 points, 18.34 points more than Asada, who also came in second place. Kim was the only one who earned nines in marks. She set a new world record. Overall, Kim totaled 228.56 points, shattering her personal best and own old world record by a margin of 18 points. She won the gold medal, becoming the first South Korean skater to medal in any contests of figure skating at the Olympic Games. Kim's gold medal was South Korea's first medal at the Winter Olympics in a sport other than speed skating or short track.\nPublic life and endorsements.\nThe places Kim advertised for are Anycall (mobile phone), Hauzen (air conditioner), Hyundai Motor Company (automobiles), Kookmin Bank, Korean Air, Lac Vert (cosmetics), Maeil Dairies Co.Ltd (Dairy products), Nike, Saffron (fabric softener).\nHer skating music and other favorites were put and sold in the album \"Yuna Kim ~ Fairy On ICE ~ Skating Music\" (Universal Music Korea, 2008).\nShe was the headliner of the 2008 and 2009 Festa On Ice, which presented other world class figure skaters. IB Sports, Kim's agency, produced the ice show. The 2010 Festa On ice is going to be on April 16\u201318, 2010. IB Sports produced another ice show, Ice All Stars 2009, which took place in Seoul on August 14\u201316, 2009. Michelle Kwan, who is Kim's idol, joined the ice show. \nKim was also named as an ambassador for the 2010\u20132012 Visit Korea Year. \nKim has appeared on many commercials in South Korea. She sings in some commercials. Her commercial for a new touchscreen haptic phone from Samsung Electronics, dubbed as \"Yuna's Haptic\" (SPH-W7700), was done in South Korea on May 24, 2009. In the commercial, she plays a rock singer, a teenager, and a writer to show off various features of the phone. Samsung Electronics has sold over one million devices in a record seven months.\nDetailed results.\n\"(Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at World, Four Continents, and World Junior Championships.)\""}
+{"id": "68890", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68890", "title": "Yu-Na Kim", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68891", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68891", "title": "Marshlands", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68892", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68892", "title": "Marshland", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68893", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68893", "title": "Christopher Mabee", "text": "Christopher Mabee (born on August 26, 1985 in Tillsonburg, Ontario) is a figure skater from Canada. He won the silver medal (second place) at the 2007 national championships. This earned him a spot to the 2007 World Championships, his first time ever at that competition.\nMabee is a good friends with Jeffrey Buttle. They train together and have the same coach.\nMabee's rise to the top of Canadian skating has been slow and steady. In the 2003/2004 season, he won the bronze medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. He is the second Canadian man to ever win a medal at that competition (after Fedor Andreev).\nMabee just barely missed a place to the 2006 Winter Olympics. However, instead of going to that competition, he went to the 2006 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe. He won the silver medal at that competition.\nMabee is well liked by the crowds in exhibition. He is known for his humor on the ice. He often chooses music that makes fun of himself or is light-hearted. At the 2006 Four Continents, he skated a program to \"Play that funky music, white boy\". At the 2006 Nationals, he started his exhibition with a funny song about his home town of Tillsonburg."}
+{"id": "68895", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68895", "title": "Tanith Belbin", "text": "Tanith Jessica Louise Belbin (born July 11, 1984 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian-American ice dancer. She is a citizen of both Canada and the United States. Her skating partner is Benjamin Agosto.\nBelbin was born in Canada and lived in various places like Montreal until she was thirteen years old. At the age of thirteen, she moved to the United States to skate with Agosto. They are coached by Igor Shpilband. He is the one who paired them together.\nBelbin & Agosto had success immediately on the Junior level. They won a medal of every color at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships between 2000 and 2002. They qualified to skate for the United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics. However, in order to do this, both partners would need to be citizens of the United States and Belbin had not yet gotten American citizenship.\nIn 2004, Belbin and Agosto won their first national title.\nIn 2005, Belbin and Agosto won their first World medal. This was the first World medal for the United States in ice dancing in 20 years. Their silver medal at this competition, along with how well the other American team did, earned the United States three spots on the Olympic team. However, this would not have done them any good because Belbin was still not an American citizen. If she had applied for citizenship, she would have gotten her citizenship in time for the 2006 Olympics. Because of rules changes after she had applied, she could not go back and take advantage of other rules, so she and Agosto thought they would have to miss the 2006 Olympics. But a special law was passed allowing her to take advantage of the sped-up process. Belbin was sworn in as an American citizen on December 31, 2005.\nAt the 2006 Winter Olympics, Belbin and Agosto won the first ice dancing medal (a silver) for the United States since 1976.\nBelbin and Agosto are known for their connection, lifts, and skating skills. They have very good footwork."}
+{"id": "68896", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68896", "title": "Benjamin Agosto", "text": "Benjamin Alexandro \"Ben\" Agosto (born January 15, 1982, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American ice dancer. His skating partner is Tanith Belbin.\nAgosto originally skated with Katy Hill in the Chicago area. In 1998, he moved to Michigan and he teamed up with Belbin. They are coached by Igor Shpilband. Shpilband is the one who paired them together.\nBelbin & Agosto had success immediately on the Junior level. They won a medal of every color at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships between 2000 and 2002. They qualified to skate for the United States at the 2002 Winter Olympics. However, in order to do this, both partners would need to be citizens of the United States and Belbin had not yet gotten American citizenship.\nIn 2004, Belbin and Agosto won their first national title.\nIn 2005, Belbin and Agosto won their first World medal. This was the first World medal for the United States in ice dancing in 20 years. Their silver medal at this competition, along with how well the other American team did, earned the United States three spots on the Olympic team. However, this would not have done them any good because Belbin was still not an American citizen. If she had applied for citizenship, she would have gotten her citizenship in time for the 2006 Olympics. Because of rules changes after she had applied, she could not go back and take advantage of other rules, so she and Agosto thought they would have to miss the 2006 Olympics. But a special law was passed allowing her to take advantage of the sped-up process. Belbin was sworn in as an American citizen on December 31, 2005.\nAt the 2006 Winter Olympics, Belbin and Agosto won the first ice dancing medal (a silver) for the United States since 1976.\nBelbin and Agosto are known for their connection, lifts, and skating skills. They have very good footwork."}
+{"id": "68897", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68897", "title": "Ice dancing", "text": "Ice dancing is a form of figure skating related to ballroom dancing. Its first competition was at the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952, but it did not become a Winter Olympic Games medal sport until 1976. As in pair skating, dancers compete as a couple, a man and a woman. \nIce dancing is different from pair skating because it limits the figures to those which are imitative of dance. Skaters must stay close together, and may not perform jumps. There are set dances, in which the style must be appropriate for the type of dance, and there is a Free Dance section which allows lifts up to shoulder level.\nIce dancing is the only form of figure skating to allow vocal music in official competitions."}
+{"id": "68898", "revid": "507239", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68898", "title": "Ice dancer", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68899", "revid": "1652809", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68899", "title": "Charlie White", "text": "Charlie White is an ice dancer from the United States. His skating partner is Meryl Davis. They won the junior title at the United States national championships in 2006. In 2007, they won the bronze medal (third place) on the senior level, becoming the first team since Tanith Belbin & Benjamin Agosto to go from being junior national champions to World team members in one season.\nDavis and White have skated together since 1997. They are the longest-lasting team still skating in the United States.\nIn 2006, Davis and White won the bronze medal at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Later that year, they became the first team in the world to get the highest level of difficulty for one of their programs. This happened at the 2006 NHK Trophy and put them immediately into the skating spotlight.\nIn 2007, they won the bronze medal at the Nationals. At the World Championships, they placed 7th. This was the highest placement for a US team at their first World Championships since 1980.\nDavis and White are coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva.\nWhite previously competed internationally as a single skater and nationally as a hockey player. He gave up hockey after breaking his ankle doing it and making him and Davis miss most of the 2004-2005 competitive season. He gave up single skating in 2006 to focus on ice dancing at the senior level."}
+{"id": "68900", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68900", "title": "Meryl Davis", "text": "Meryl Davis is an ice dancer from the United States. Her skating partner is Charlie White. They won the junior title at the United States national championships in 2006. In 2007, they won the bronze medal (third place) on the senior level, becoming the first team since Tanith Belbin & Benjamin Agosto to go from being junior national champions to World team members in one season.\nDavis and White have skated together since 1997. They are the longest-lasting team still skating in the United States.\nIn 2006, Davis and White won the bronze medal at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. Later that year, they became the first team in the world to get the highest level of difficulty for one of their programs. This happened at the 2006 NHK Trophy and put them immediately into the skating spotlight.\nIn 2007, they won the bronze medal at Nationals. At the World Championships, they placed 7th. This was the highest placement for a US team at their first World Championships since 1980.\nDavis and White are coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva."}
+{"id": "68901", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68901", "title": "Treaty of Shimonoseki", "text": "The Treaty of Shimonoseki (, ) was signed between the Qing dynasty and the Empire of Japan in Shimonoseki in 1895 and ended the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)."}
+{"id": "68902", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68902", "title": "Tessa Virtue", "text": "Tessa Virtue is an ice dancer from Canada. Her skating partner is Scott Moir. Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 2008. In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the duo won the gold medal in the ice dancing competition; which was not only a first for them, but also for the country of Canada. They went on to win two silver medals in 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and two gold medals in 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. They are now the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.\nVirtue and Moir were the most successful junior-level Canadian ice dancers ever. They won Canada's first gold medal in ice dancing at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 2006. In that year, they also won the bronze medal at the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a senior-level competition for skaters who are from countries that are not in Europe.\nIn their first full season skating at the senior level, Virtue and Moir won the silver medal (second place) at the Skate Canada International and again at Nationals. Their debut at the World Championships was the highest debut by any team in over two decades when they placed 6th. This made them immediately seeded skaters going into the 2007/2008 season.\nVirtue and Moir are known for their artistry, musicality, and grace on the ice. They often look as if they were dancing, not skating. They have a close connection. While most of their programs have been soft and romantic, Virtue and Moir have also done humorous programs in exhibition. \nVirtue and Moir were coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva."}
+{"id": "68903", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68903", "title": "Scott Moir", "text": "Scott Moir is an ice dancer from Canada. His skating partner is Tessa Virtue. Virtue and Moir have been skating together since 1997. In the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, the duo won the gold medal in the ice dancing competition; which was not only a first for them, but also for the country of Canada. They went on to win two silver medals in 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and two gold medals in 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. They are now the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.\nVirtue and Moir were the most successful junior-level Canadian ice dancers ever. They won Canada's first gold medal in ice dancing at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 2006. In that year, they also won the bronze medal at the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a senior-level competition for skaters who are from countries that are not in Europe.\nIn their first full season skating at the senior level, Virtue and Moir won the silver medal (second place) at the Skate Canada International and again at Nationals. Their debut at the World Championships was the highest debut by any team in over two decades when they placed 6th. This made them immediately seeded skaters going into the 2007/2008 season.\nVirtue and Moir are known for their artistry, musicality, and grace on the ice. They often look as if they were dancing, not skating. They have a close connection. While most of their programs have been soft and romantic, Virtue and Moir have also done humorous programs in exhibition. \nVirtue and Moir are coached by Igor Shpilband and Marina Zueva.\nMoir comes from a family of skaters. His older brother Danny competed internationally on the junior level with one of his cousins. That cousin now skates competitively as a synchronized skater. Other relatives of Moir's are judges and coaches."}
+{"id": "68904", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68904", "title": "Albena Denkova", "text": "Albena Denkova (born December 3, 1974 in Sofia) is an ice dancer from Bulgaria. Her skating partner and fianc\u00e9e is Maxim Staviski.\nDenkova and Staviski are the first Bulgarian skaters to win Worlds, which they did in 2006 and 2007.\nIn 2006, Denkova was elected as the president of the Bulgarian figure skating federation.\nAfter 2007 Worlds, Denkova and Staviski did not announce if they would retire, leaving it open. However, in the summer of 2007, Staviski was involved in a fatal car crash that killed a man and left someone else in a coma. Staviski survived unharmed. However, he was legally drunk. Denkova and Staviski have withdrawn from the Grand Prix events they were scheduled to attend. Denkova has not made an official announcement as to their retirement, but if Staviski goes to jail, they will be unable to compete.\nDenkova's younger sister Ina Demireva is also an ice dancer.\nDenkova and Staviski are known for being pioneers of dance lifts. They invented or popularized most of the ice dance lifts currently in use at the international level."}
+{"id": "68905", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68905", "title": "Maxim Staviski", "text": "Maxim Staviski () (born November 16, 1977, in Rostov-on-Don, Soviet Union (now Russia)) is an ice dancer from Bulgaria. His skating partner and fianc\u00e9e is Albena Denkova.\nStaviski originally competed for the Soviet Union and later Russia. He moved to Bulgaria when he started skating with Denkova. He has acquired Bulgarian citizenship and considers himself wholly Bulgarian. He was insulted when a reporter told him he was the only Russian skater to win a gold medal at the 2006 World Championships.\nDenkova and Staviski are the first Bulgarian skaters to win Worlds, which they did in 2006 and 2007.\nAfter 2007 Worlds, Denkova and Staviski did not announce if they would retire, leaving it open. However, in the summer of 2007, Staviski was involved in a fatal car crash that killed a man and left someone else in a coma. Staviski survived unharmed. However, he was legally drunk. Denkova and Staviski have withdrawn from the Grand Prix events they were scheduled to attend. Denkova has not made an official announcement as to their retirement, but if Staviski goes to jail, they will be unable to compete.\nDenkova and Staviski are known for being pioneers of dance lifts. They invented or popularized most of the ice dance lifts currently in use at the international level."}
+{"id": "68913", "revid": "1678920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68913", "title": "First Sino-Japanese War", "text": "The First Sino-Japanese War (, ; 1 August 1894\u201317 April 1895) was a war between the Qing dynasty and the Empire of Japan. After it won the war, Japan signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with China in 1895.\nStatus of Chinese fleets.\nChina had 65 warships before the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War. They were divided into four fleets (Beiyang Fleet, the Nanyang Fleet, the Guangdong Fleet and the Fujian Fleet). Only the Beiyang Fleet participated in the war. To save their ships, the other fleets' commanders did not join the war.\nThe Beiyang Fleet had 25 warships. Dingyuan and Zhenyuan were the most powerful warships in the fleet and were made in Germany. Dingyuan had 6,000 horsepower and displaced 7,670 tons loaded. Some other Beiyang ships were made in Britain. Nevertheless, as Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to build a grand garden, she embezzled money that had been allocated for further expanding the Beiyang Fleet. That meant that the commanders did not have enough money to buy the latest weapons for the fleet. Most of the warships in the fleet were not well equipped before the war.\nStatus of Japanese fleets.\nThere were 240,616 soldiers who could be mobilized in Japan before the outbreak of the war. Also, there were 32 battleships and 24 torpedo boats in the Imperial Japanese Navy. All of them had the latest and the newest weapons.\nMain battles.\nBattle of the Yalu River\nOn 17 September 1894, the Beiyang Fleet and the Imperial Japanese Navy fought at the Yalu River, the border between China and Korea. During the battle, the commander of the Beiyang Fleet was Ding Ruchang, originally a cavalryman, and Sukeyuki Ito was the commander of Japanese fleet. The battle lasted five hours. Finally, four battleships of the Beiyang Fleet was destroyed, and 1,000 soldiers were killed. Only one battleship was lost by the Japanese. The commander of the Beiyang Fleet retreated to the port of Lushun.\nBattle of Lushunkou\nOn 17 September 1894, the Japanese armies occupied the fortresses with powerful cannons and cities in Lushun and Dalian. The Japanese troops entered the cities and killed 20,000 Chinese civilians within four days. The incident was historically called the Port Arthur massacre.\nBattle of Weihaiwei\nIn January 1895, the Japanese armies invaded Weihaiwei. The Beiyang Fleet was fairly defeated, and 11 battleships of the team were seized."}
+{"id": "68914", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68914", "title": "Johnny Weir", "text": "Johnny Weir (born July 2, 1984 in Coatesville, Pennsylvania) is an American figure skater. He won the United States national championships three times. In a memoir released in January 2011, he wrote that he was gay.\nWeir had a late start in skating, starting at the age of 12. He had previously competed as an equestrian.\nWeir and his family moved to Delaware so he could skate. Weir originally trained at the University of Delaware. Despite his late start, Weir was the World Junior Champion in 2001 at the age of sixteen. He and Evan Lysacek won the top two medals that year, becoming the first time since 1987 that the US had gone one-and-two at Junior Worlds.\nIn 2003, Weir was in second place after the short program at the national championships in Dallas. However, he literally hit the wall during the program and then had a bad fall on a jump. He withdrew in the middle of the program. As he left, he got a hug from Lysacek, who told he would see him back the next year.\nFollowing that bad competition, Weir left the University of Delaware club and moved to The Pond ice arena. His coach Priscilla Hill came with him.\nIn 2004, Weir won the National championships and again in 2005 and 2006. For the 2005/2006 season, Weir had a short program to The Swan. It was mocked during the movie Blades of Glory and became iconic of the 2006 Olympics. Weir had the most success of his career with this short program. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Weir was second after the short program. After a long program in which he omitted the eighth jumping pass and did two combinations when three were allowed, he dropped to fifth place overall.\nIn 2007, Weir won the bronze medal at Nationals. After that season he switched coaches to Galina Zmievskaya, who previously coached Viktor Petrenko and Oksana Baiul to Olympic gold medals.\nWeir lives and trains in New Jersey. He also works as a model. He has appeared in spreads in fashion magazines and walked the catwalk during New York Fashion Week."}
+{"id": "68916", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68916", "title": "Nobunari Oda", "text": " is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a figure skater from Japan. \nOda is a descendant of Oda Nobunaga who was an important daimyo during Japan's Sengoku period.\nCareer.\nOda won the 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships.\nIn 2009, he was the Japanese national champion figure skater.\nOda was a member of the Japanese team at the 2010 Winter Olympics at Vancouver in Canada."}
+{"id": "68918", "revid": "507331", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68918", "title": "Ice dance", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68919", "revid": "1661071", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68919", "title": "The Simpsons Movie", "text": "The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 animated comedy movie. It is based on the television programme \"The Simpsons\". The movie is mainly about environmental disaster. The movie features the main television voices of Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, and Harry Shearer. On February 17, 2017, \"The Simpsons Movie\" aired on Teletoon at Night Is Rated PG for violence, sexual themes, and swearing, On February 17, 2017 \"The Simpsons Movie\" aired on Teletoon's nighttime programming block, Teletoon at Night.\nPlot.\nHomer (Dan Castellaneta) adopts a pig, which he names Spider-Pig, a parody of Spider-Man. Lisa (Yeardley Smith) starts a campaign with a new boy named Colin (Tress MacNeille), who is Irish. They want to stop the people of Springfield from dumping in the lake. Everyone agrees to this and the lake is cleared up. Marge (Julie Kavner) questions Homer about Spider pigs 'leavings'. He says he has put them in a silo. This causes Marge to say \"Get rid of the silo properly.\" Homer agrees to this, and Marge says he is allowed to take Spider-Pig with him. To which Homer tells Marge \"He's not Spider-Pig anymore, he's Harry Plopper\". This is based on Harry Potter. The pig even has the lightning bolt scar and the thick glasses, just like Harry Potter. Homer drives to the waste site to get rid of the silo. Homer's friend and co-worker Lenny (Harry Shearer) calls him from a donut store and tells him that they are giving out free donuts. Homer, with his love for donuts, tries to find a different way to getting rid of his silo. He then drives to the now clean lake. He ignores the \"No Dumping\" signs and dumps the silo into the lake. The lake then bubbles up and turns into a toxic poison."}
+{"id": "68924", "revid": "1467751", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68924", "title": "Male enhancement", "text": "Male enhancement supplements work by increasing the amount of blood flow in the genital region and the volume of blood that it can retain. In a flaccid state, the penis, like any other part of the body, receives a normal amount of blood flow. When an erection occurs, the penis is surged with a rich supply of blood which is then trapped in the spongy tissues of the Cavernosa and Spongiosum. \nMale enhancement supplements can be synthetic or herbal. Synthetic ones may have more side-effects. \nThe time it takes to see results, said to be a matter of weeks, depends on a man's body type, eating habits, overall health, genetics, and other factors.\nSome herbal male enhancement supplements.\nSupplements which are said to have effect, may be made from herbs such as: "}
+{"id": "68929", "revid": "373511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68929", "title": "Zealand (disambiguation)", "text": "Zealand or Zeeland can mean:"}
+{"id": "68930", "revid": "1672574", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68930", "title": "Californication (TV series)", "text": "Californication is an American television series. The series is shown on the Showtime television network. \"Californication\" was created by Tom Kapinos and stars David Duchovny as Hank Moody. It is about a troubled novelist who moves to Los Angeles, California. The series deals with problems with his job that cause problems with his relationships with his partner Karen (Natascha McElhone) and daughter Becca (Madeleine Martin). The series was first shown on television on August 13, 2007. Channel Five in the UK and Network Ten in Australia have bought the rights to this television series.\nIt was announced that after the seventh season, that Californication would end. The seventh season started airing on April 13, 2014."}
+{"id": "68932", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68932", "title": "Bushido (disambiguation)", "text": "Originally, Bushido ( Bushi-D\u014d ) is the Samurai code of honour in Japan.\nBushido may also mean:"}
+{"id": "68933", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68933", "title": "Bushi-D\u014d", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68934", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68934", "title": "Bushid\u014d", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68937", "revid": "109566", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68937", "title": "Californication", "text": "Californication can be:"}
+{"id": "68939", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68939", "title": "Honour", "text": "Honour, spelt honor in the United States, is the idea of the trustworthiness and social status of a person by the society, by judgement of his actions. The idea of honour, like most cultural things, is very different from place to place, and through time. In Europe in the Middle Ages, honour took form in the code of Chivalry. In Japan, a similar thing happened with Bushido. As time passed, the honour of a gentleman and his family was generally expressed in the practice of duelling. The idea has declined in modern times, but still exists, mostly as an approval of one's actions by the society."}
+{"id": "68940", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68940", "title": "Honor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68941", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68941", "title": "Duelling", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68944", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68944", "title": "Oil field", "text": "An oil field is a region with many oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground. Because the oil reservoirs usually extend over a large area, possibly several hundred kilometres across, the only way to completely exploit the field is with many wells in different parts of the field. Other than wells, there may be pipelines to transport the oil elsewhere, and support buildings for the workers and for repairs."}
+{"id": "68945", "revid": "1522289", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68945", "title": "Takeoff", "text": "Takeoff is the part of flight in which an aircraft goes from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually on a runway. \nExamples.\nFor balloons, helicopters and some special aircraft (such as the Harrier), no runway is needed. Takeoff is the opposite of landing."}
+{"id": "68947", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68947", "title": "Take off", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68957", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68957", "title": "Brian Joubert", "text": "Brian Joubert (born September 20, 1984 in Poitiers) is a French figure skater. He won the 2007 World Championships, the 2004, 2007 & 2009 European Championships, and has won the French Nationals seven times. He competed in the 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.\nJoubert did not have a good junior career, but this was due to him going senior at 15, as soon as he was able to.\nJoubert won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2002 Nationals, but did not immediately qualify for the 2002 Olympic team because France had only two spots to the Olympics. But at the 2002 European Championships, Joubert won the bronze medal, placing ahead of the other French skaters at the competition, and he was put on the Olympic team. He placed 14th at the Olympics.\nJoubert is one of two men (with Emanuel Sandhu) who has beaten Evgeni Plushenko between the 2002 Olympics and the 2006 Olympics. Joubert beat him at the 2004 European Championships. Joubert then went on to place 2nd at Worlds, winning his first World medal.\nJoubert has had an up-and-down career. He has switched coaches many times. He was briefly coached by Alexei Yagudin. He is now coached by Jean-Christophe Simond. At the 2005 World Championships, he placed sixth. Nevertheless, he was seen as a threat for an Olympic medal. But at the Olympics, he placed 6th. He was criticized harshly in the French press for this. After the 2006 Worlds, where he won the silver medal, he said he felt pressured to do it in part because of the way the French press had turned on him.\nIn the 2006/2007 season, Joubert swept the season. He won every competition he entered, including the Grand Prix Final, the European Championships, and the World Championships. At the Cup of Russia, he became one of the few skaters in history to perform three quadruple jumps in one program.\nJoubert is known for the power in his skating. He is a very fast skater with very big jumps. He has been criticized in the past for having very bad spins, but he has been working to correct this, working with spinning coaches like Lucinda Ruh. Joubert has also been criticized for his lack of artistry, which has led him to seek out new choreographers, such as Kurt Browning, who are able to take Joubert's strength and force on the ice and work it into a good program for his style. "}
+{"id": "68959", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68959", "title": "Pop, Uzbekistan", "text": "Pap or Pop is a city in Uzbekistan. It is in the Namangan region in the eastern part of the country. The city is near the Syr Darya river. Pap has over 22,750 people. Pap is the capital of Pap District."}
+{"id": "68960", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68960", "title": "Gift", "text": "A gift or a present is something (usually money or a good) which is given to someone. People give gifts voluntarily and do not expect anything in return. A gift is usually something that family or friends give to each other on special occasions like a birthday or holiday. For example you will give and / or receive gifts and presents at Christmas time, or chocolate (most commonly chocolate eggs) for Easter. Gifts are usually something that you really want to have. If it is a birthday gift, it would be money or an item that is not costly. A small gift is usually wrapped in wrapping paper while a big gift is most likely to be just given to the receiver or in a box without wrapping."}
+{"id": "68962", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68962", "title": "Timothy Goebel", "text": "Timothy Goebel (born September 10, 1980 in Evanston, Illinois) is an American figure skater. He is Catholic and was adopted as an infant.\nGoebel is the first skater to perform a quadruple salchow jump and the first American skater to perform a quadruple jump of any kind. Goebel is also the first skater to perform three quadruple jumps in one program. At the 2002 Olympics, he became the first skater to land a quadruple salchow jump in combination at the Olympics. He is the first and so far only skater to land 6 quadruple jumps in one competition.\nHe has landed 76 career quadruple jumps, the most of any skater.\nBecause of these things, he was nicknamed the \"Quad King\". However, after the 2003-2004, Goebel began having problems with the quad. He did not land it correctly at all in the 2005-2006 season.\nGoebel won the bronze medal at the 2002 Olympics. It was a close call for the silver between him and World Champion Evgeni Plushenko. That would happen again at the 2003 World Championships where Plushenko beat Goebel out for the gold.\nGoebel dealt with injuries in later seasons. An injury forced him to not finish competing at the 2004 Nationals and give up on the rest of the season. At the 2005 Nationals, the mother of Angela Nikodinov, a good friend of Goebel, died in a car crash. Goebel spent much of time at that competition in mourning. With Nikodinov watching, Goebel started crying partly through his free skate. He finished the performance in tears. He placed 2nd.\nGoebel was not able to qualify for the 2006 Olympic team. He retired from competitive skating after the 2006 Nationals. In May 2010, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Columbia University's School of General Studies. He works as a technical specialist, the person who watches a skating program and tells the judges what each move was and how difficult it was.\nDuring his career, Goebel was known mainly as a \"jumping bean\", a skater whose skating is mostly jumps. But Goebel worked hard to change this. His free skate in the 2002 season was the best of his career and led Goebel to a different kind of artistry.\nGoebel was also known for his hydroblading maneuvers. He was one of the skaters who popularized this move in the United States."}
+{"id": "68965", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68965", "title": "Angela Nikodinov", "text": "Angela Nikodinov (born May 9, 1980 in Spartanburg, South Carolina), is an American figure skater. She is the 2000 Four Continents Champion.\nBiography.\nNikodinov is the daughter of Bulgarian immigrants. She speaks Bulgarian fluently. She was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Her family moved to southern California when she was very young. She was raised in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California.\nNikodinov trained at Lake Arrowhead, California. She also trained in Detroit for one season (1999-2000) but moved back to California in fall 2000. Her coaches included John Nicks, Peter Oppegard, Frank Carroll, Elena Tcherkasskaia, Richard Callaghan, Igor Pashkevich. Her coach Tcherkasskaia, with whom she was very close, died of cancer in November 2001. \nNikodinov missed the 2002-2003 season. She injured her shoulder in February 2002 and again in September. She also had a virus. She had shoulder surgery in February 2003 and was off the ice for seven months. After missing two seasons, Nikodinov returned to win the 2004 Skate America.\nWhile in Portland, Oregon, for the 2005 U.S. National Championships, she and her family were in a car accident that killed her mother. Nikodinov did not return to competition after the accident.\nNikodinov coached Bulgarian figure skater Ivan Dinev in the 2005-2006 season. They are now coaching together in the Los Angeles area. Nikodinov and Dinev were married in July 2008. Along with her coaching duties, she skates in shows and was a guest skater on the Stars on Ice tour. The pairs team of Bianca Butler & Joseph Jacobsen and Tenile Victorsen are among her and Dinev's former students that have qualified for the U.S. Figure Skating Championships at the Senior level."}
+{"id": "68966", "revid": "10448938", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68966", "title": "Alberto Gonzales", "text": "Alberto Reynaldo Gonzales (born August 4, 1955) is an American jurist who is the 80th Attorney General of the United States. Gonzales was appointed to the position in February 2005 by President George W. Bush. While Bush was Governor of Texas, Gonzales was part of his general counsel, and later was the Secretary of State of Texas and then was on the Texas Supreme Court. From 2001 to 2005, Gonzales served in the Bush Administration as White House Counsel.\nOn August 27, 2007, Gonzales announced that he is quitting his position as Attorney General, and that his last day will be September 16, 2007. He did not say why he is leaving. He is the highest-ranking Hispanic ever in the United States federal government."}
+{"id": "68967", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68967", "title": "Fluorescent light", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68968", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68968", "title": "Alberto Gonzalez", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68969", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68969", "title": "Cantilever", "text": "A cantilever is a figure skating move. It is considered a \"field move\" because it is not a jump, a spin, or a spiral.\nA cantilever is performed by a skater traveling on a deep lean across the ice, either in a spread eagle or a Besti squat position. The skater then bends backwards, so their back is parallel to the ice, while remaining on the deep lean. The hands can be draped across the ice or not. This is a very dramatic move on the ice.\nThe move was invented by Werner Groebli, better known as \"Mr. Frick\", a long-time show skater with the Ice Follies. It was brought back and popularized by Ilia Klimkin of Russia, who performed it a lot in competition over many years."}
+{"id": "68974", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68974", "title": "Mao Asada", "text": "Mao Asada (born September 25, 1990) is a former figure skater from Japan. She is a former World Figure Skating Champion (2008) and is ranked no. 3 by ISU. She won the Japanese national championships in 2007 and 2008 after winning two silver medals in a row. She is the 2005 World Junior Champion. She won the silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Her older sister Mai Asada is also a high-level skater.\nEarly life.\nAsada is from Nagoya. She was very skilled from a young age. She landed her first triple axel in competition while still at the junior level. She is one of five female figure skaters who have ever landed that jump in international competition.\nCareer.\nAsada won everything on the Junior level in the 2004-2005 season. The next season was the Olympic season. Asada would be too young to compete at the 2006 Olympics. But the Japanese skating federation thought there was not a good reason to keep her at the Junior level when she had already won everything. Asada was old enough for the Grand Prix, but not for senior level ISU championships. Asada went into the Grand Prix without any of the pressure that was on the other skaters who were old enough to go the Olympics and were trying to qualify for spots on their country's Olympic team. Able to compete without pressure, Asada won the Grand Prix Final in December 2005.\nFollowing her win, the Japanese skating federation petitioned the International Olympic Committee to make an exception to the age rule for Asada, claiming that depriving her of a chance to compete at the 2006 Olympics would be denying a medal contender a chance to compete. However, this petition, even if it had worked, would have been too late. Other skaters had been effected by the age rule. The South Korean skating federation, for example, held Kim Yu-Na back in juniors for the 2005-2006 season, even though she could have competed successfully on the Grand Prix, because she also was not old enough for the Olympics, and because of it did not earn a spot to the Olympics at the Olympic Qualifying Competition in the fall of 2005. Asada had been a force in Japanese skating for many years, so the federation could have petitioned for an exception years earlier. There had previously been a loophole in eligibility rules regarding the World Championships and medaling at the World Junior Championships, but that loophole had been closed years earlier, and it had never applied to the Olympics.\nInstead, Asada went to the World Junior Championships again, where she lost to Kim Yu-Na.\nIn 2006-2007, Asada's first season being old enough for senior Worlds, she won the silver medal at the World Championships behind fellow Japanese skater Miki Ando.\nFlexibility.\nMao Asada is known for her amazing flexibility. She is known for her one-handed Biellmann spin and her cross-grab Biellmann spiral, in which she uses the hand opposite her leg to hold up her leg in the position. She is consistent with the triple axel."}
+{"id": "68978", "revid": "1664321", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68978", "title": "Catia", "text": "Catia (Computer Aided Three dimensional Interactive Application) is a commercial designing software. It was made by Dassault Systemes and marketed world-wide by IBM. CATIA is written in C++."}
+{"id": "68981", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68981", "title": "Brigham Young", "text": "Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 \u2013 August 29, 1877) was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon church) and the first Governor of the American state of Utah. Young was born in Vermont. He became president of the Mormon church in 1847 after the death of Joseph Smith, Jr in 1844.\nBrigham Young University is named after Young.\nJohn Taylor replaced Young as leader of the church three years after Young died.\nWestern migration.\nYoung started a journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, then to the Salt Lake Valley. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now known as Pioneer Day in Utah, which is also one of its holidays. The Mormon pioneers' journey was one of the largest and one of the best organized migration to the West. On August 22, 29 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young started the Mormon Tabernacle Choir.\nIn the church, Young was in some of the important positions, and after three years, he became the president of the church on December 27, 1847.\nYoung served 29 years in the LDS Church.\nTemple building.\nYoung helped in building temples in his time in the LDS Church and made temple building a main purpose. When Joseph Smith was the president, Young was helping to build the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. Only four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young found the location for the Salt Lake Temple; and then started the building process on April 6, 1853. During his time as the church president, Young look over the construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and then he announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. He also helped fix the building the Endowment House, a \"short-term temple\" that began to be used in 1855 for church members to go to while they were building the Salt Lake Temple."}
+{"id": "68983", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68983", "title": "Blue Jays", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68984", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68984", "title": "Speaker (politics)", "text": "Speaker is the title of the person in charge of some legislatures, usually the lower house.\nHouse of Commons of the United Kingdom.\nThe speaker is elected by other members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, and is usually a member of the government party, but leaves his or her party because the speaker must be \"neutral\" (not like one side more than another). The speaker does not vote. If the speaker wants to stand in for re-election the other parties do not oppose him to show he is neutral. As of January 2020, the speaker is Lindsay Hoyle, a member of the Labour Party.\nDail \u00c9ireann in Ireland.\nThe speaker (\"Ceann Comhairle\") of the D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann is neutral, but the constitution (Bunreacht) of Ireland says he does not need to stand for re-election, he is given the first seat in his constituency. The current speaker (November 2017) is Sean Treacy.\nUnited States House of Representatives.\nThe speaker is the leader of the largest party. He or she is not neutral, but votes for his or hers party's policies. The speaker also helps to get his or her party's ideas made law. The term of the speaker of the House is two years in office."}
+{"id": "68985", "revid": "1430994", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68985", "title": "Orator", "text": "An orator is someone who pleads a case in public. Originally, it meant speaking in a public place for or against a person or a proposal. In ancient Greek, Latin, French and English, an orator spoke for and against the accused in courts, and for or against big political decisions, such as whether to go to war. Gradually, it came to mean someone who spoke in public on formal occasions.\nOratory, or rhetoric, is the skill of argument or persuasion used by orators. The invention of printing allowed books to be multiplied and produced cheaply. This has made it possible for orators to do their persuasion in print as well as speaking. Adolf Hitler and Winston Churchill are good examples of how orators in the 20th century used media such as radio and movies where once they could only use speech. Both wrote books which sold in large numbers, though Churchill's books were about more than politics. Today television and newspapers play a vital role in deciding elections; the web less so.\nOther types of orator are those who wish to change beliefs. Religious preachers like Martin Luther and John Knox changed religion in western Europe; William Wilberforce and Sojourner Truth led the fight against the evil of slavery. Emmeline Pankhurst, Martin Luther King Jr and others fought to get equal rights for all citizens.\nWe have orators today as much as the ancient Greeks did. The main difference is that the Greeks could see and listen to them face to face, but we rarely do today.\nRhetoric.\nThe study of how persuasion is done by orators is called rhetoric. It has been studied for 2,500 years at least, and there are a huge number of books about it."}
+{"id": "68988", "revid": "1582584", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68988", "title": "Parsifal", "text": "Parsifal is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner. Wagner took most of the story from a medieval poem \"Parzival\" by the German poet Wolfram von Eschenbach. It was the last opera that Wagner completed. He started thinking about it in 1857 but did not do much work to it until after he had finished the cycle of four operas known as the Ring Cycle which was produced complete in 1876 in the special theatre (Festspielhaus) he had built in Bayreuth. Wagner composed his opera \"Parsifal\" so that it would suit the sound of this new theatre. It was first produced in 1882. The story is related to the Arthurian legends.\nThe Musical background to the opera.\nWagner did more than any other composer in the 19th century to change the way that people listened to opera. In the 18th century people went to the opera house and sat in their boxes to chat to other people and be seen. Composers wrote operas with big arias which allowed the singers to show off their skills and make the audience applaud.\nWagner changed all this. He soon developed operas in which there is no difference between recitative (where the story is told) and arias (big songs for the soloists). The music of his later operas, especially \"Parsifal\", is like a long, continuous line with rich, Romantic harmony. The music develops logically, with leitmotifs (very short pieces of music which represent particular people or ideas) which help the music and the story to develop.\nThe story of Parsifal.\nThe story of Parsifal and the Holy Grail has survived in several forms that date from between 1170 and 1220. Wagner, who always wrote the words of his operas himself, used a mixture of several of these versions of the story to fit his ideas for the opera. Parsifal is a young man who is a \u201cpure fool\u201d, which means that he is an innocent, good man who slowly starts to understand the world. The Holy Grail is the cup from which Jesus Christ is supposed to have drunk at the Last Supper. The Holy Spear is the spear which is supposed to have been the one with which the Roman soldier pierced Jesus\u2019 side when he was put on the cross. The Holy Grail and the Holy Spear are sacred relics (things from the past) which have been given to Titurel and his band of Christian knights to look after. Titurel has built a castle, Montsalvat, high up on the forest rocks, to guard them. In particular, he has to watch out for Klingsor who lives nearby. Klingsor is a magician who has a garden full of beautiful flower-maidens. These maidens are in his power. One of them is Kundry. She has already been made to several young knights to Klingsor\u2019s power. Even Titurel\u2019s son, Amfortas, could not resist the lure of Kundry. His spear was taken from him and he was badly wounded before being rescued. At the beginning of the opera he is lying in pain. The only thing that could heal the wound would be the touch of the Holy Spear which Klingsor now has, and the only person who could get that spear back again is a \u201cpure fool\u201d, a young man who knows nothing about the evil of the world and who can resist the beauty of the flower-maidens.\nThe story of the opera.\nAct I.\nThe opera starts with an orchestral prelude (Wagner does not call it an \u201coverture\u201d). When the curtain rises Gurnemanz, one of the senior knights, wakes up two sleeping servants. They kneel and pray as King Amfortas is brought down on his bed to the forest lake to bathe his wound. Kundry arrives, dashing in on her horse, looking for something to heal the wound (when Kundry is away from Klingsor she is not in his power. She feels that it was her fault that Amfortas was wounded. When Kundry is not in Klingsor\u2019s power she is actually a faithful messenger of the Grail).\nSuddenly a wounded swan (a bird that is sacred to the knights of the Grail) falls dead at Gurnemanz\u2019s feet. The swan had been killed by Parsifal. He did not know that it was a wrong thing to do, but when the knights capture him he realizes his guilt and he breaks the arrow. The knights ask him his name, but Parsifal says he does not know his name or where he comes from. Suddenly the knights realize that Parsifal is the pure fool they need who can capture the Holy Spear.\nThe scene changes. The knights take communion. Amfortas is in terrible pain but has to do his duty in the ceremony. When the Holy Grail is shown it sparkles brightly in the hall. The knights sink to their knees. Only Parsifal does not seem to understand the meaning of it all.\nAct II.\nThe scene is Klingsor\u2019s magic garden by his castle. Kundry has been summoned by him is now quite different: she has no power of her own, and is controlled and tormented by Klingsor. Klingsor notices Parsifal, whom he is expecting, approach from the distance, and sends his magical knights to fight him, expecting them to be defeated by Parsifal. The flower-maidens, the wives of the knights, see Parsifal and call him by his name. No one has ever called him by his name before. When one of them kisses his lips he suddenly realizes what it is he has to do. He now remembers everything that has happened in Act I and understands its meaning. He throws the maiden to one side. Klingsor appears and throws the spear at Parsifal, but magically it stops over Parsifal\u2019s head. Parsifal grabs it and makes the sign of the cross. The castle is destroyed, the gardens disappear, and he goes off back to the Grail.\nAct III.\nAfter a journey which takes him many years Parsifal comes back to the Grail forest. Gurnemanz is now very old. Kundry works for the knights. Parsifal himself is dressed as a black knight. Kundry recognizes him, but Gurnemanz does not. He is annoyed that an armed stranger should come on this holy day (it is Good Friday). Parsifal throws the spear into the ground, puts down his weapons and takes off his helmet. Gurnemanz realizes who it is. He helps him to dress like a knight of the Grail. Kundry washes his feet and dries them with her long hair. Gurnemanz blesses Parsifal\u2019s head. Parsifal is now a knight of the Grail, and he baptizes Kundry. Titurel has just died, and Amfortas, still in terrible pain, comes out to uncover the Grail. Parsifal enters and touches the wound with the point of the spear. Amfortas\u2019s pain changes to happiness, the shrine is opened, the Grail is surrounded by light. The knights kneel down, Kundry dies peacefully. All is forgiven. The music finishes with a climax based on the leitmotifs of the Holy Grail and the Sacrament.\nThe performances of Parsifal.\nUntil 1903, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus was the only place where Wagner\u2019s opera \"Parsifal\" was allowed to be performed. In 1903, the opera was performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Soon, it was being performed in other places as well.\nWagner like to describe \"Parsifal\" as \"ein B\u00fchnenweihfestspiel\" (\"A Festival Play for the Consecration of the Stage\"). At Bayreuth, it has become tradition that there is to be no applause after the first act of the opera.\nThe conductor of the first performance was Hermann Levi, the court conductor at the Munich Opera. Wagner objected to Parsifal being conducted by a Jew (Levi's father was in fact a rabbi). Wagner first suggested that Levi should convert to Christianity, which Levi declined to do. Wagner then wrote to King Ludwig that he had decided to accept Levi. This despite the fact that (he alleged) he had received complaints that \"of all pieces, this most Christian of works\" should be conducted by a Jew. The King expressed his satisfaction at this. He said that \"human beings are basically all brothers\". Wagner wrote to the King that he \"regard[ed] the Jewish race as the born enemy of pure humanity and everything noble about it\"."}
+{"id": "68989", "revid": "618241", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68989", "title": "Kana", "text": "Kana is the name for syllable-based writing systems used in the Japanese language.\nThere are three types of kana:\nAlthough manyogana is the oldest of the three types of kana, being used as early as the seventh century, it was soon replaced by hiragana and katakana. Both of these characters came from the kanji characters that made up manyogana.\nToday, there are 46 basic sounds in Japanese that are each represented by a hiragana and a corresponding katakana character as seen in the chart below. (The characters for the sounds \"wi\" and \"we\" are no longer used.) There are 25 other sounds that can be made by adding one of two diacritics: a dakuten or a handakuten. Also, 12 of the kana come in a smaller size to make other combinations of syllables.\nJapanese sentences are usually written using a mix of hiragana, katakana, and kanji. Although it is possible to write a sentence in only hiragana or katakana characters, it is hard for most Japanese people to understand because the kanji symbols represent a concept which the kana do not show. Small kana symbols, however, can be put above kanji to show how it is pronounced (this is called furigana and is used a lot in karaoke).\nBesides kana, Japanese sounds can also be written in Romaji (using the Roman alphabet) to help people who do not speak Japanese learn the language."}
+{"id": "68990", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68990", "title": "Cairo, Egypt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68991", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68991", "title": "Tropical Storm Erin (2007)", "text": "Tropical Storm Erin was the second tropical cyclone to make landfall on the United States in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It was also the fifth named storm of the season. Erin formed in the Gulf of Mexico on August 14 from an area of convection which was becoming stronger. It became stronger and changed into a tropical storm the next day, and on August 16 Erin made landfall near Lamar, Texas and was able to not die as it moved over land across Texas before moving towards the north into Oklahoma. The storm killed at least 17 people and made an already-severe flooding problem in Texas even worse. Another different storm that Erin went into killed at least 18 people.\nStorm history.\nOn August 9, an area of convection formed just south of Jamaica in association with a trough of low pressure. The system moved west-northwestward, and by August 10, the system had a broad surface trough with a little shower activity. Convection increased on August 11, and by August 12 the contact between a tropical wave and an upper-level low in the area resulted in a large area of disorganized thunderstorms extending from the western Caribbean Sea into the central Bahamas. Upper-level winds slowly became more helpful for development, and on August 13 a large low pressure area formed about 90\u00a0miles (145\u00a0km) north-northeast of Canc\u00fan, Quintana Roo. Late on August 14, a NOAA Hurricane Hunters plane that flew into the system reported a small circulation center, but at the time was not well-defined enough to begin tropical cyclone advisories. However, deep convection was kept near the increasingly organizaing center, and at 0300\u00a0UTC on August 15 the National Hurricane Center named it as Tropical Depression Five about 425\u00a0miles (685\u00a0km) southeast of Brownsville, Texas.\nIn the overnight hours after formation, the storm was disorganized with a shabby and abstracted center of circulation. Located to the south of a mid to upper-level ridge over the southern United States, the system moved to the west-northwest into an area ideal for further strengthening; an upper-level anticyclone formed over the central Gulf of Mexico, and sea surface temperatures along its track were warm. The cloud pattern became better organized, keeping a large area of convection with curved rainbands and well-established outflow. Based on reports from Hurricane Hunters, the National Hurricane Center upgraded the depression to Tropical Storm Erin at 1530\u00a0UTC on August 13 about 250\u00a0miles (400\u00a0km) east of Brownsville, Texas. As it continued northwestward, Erin remained disorganized and was not able to strengthen above minimal tropical storm status. At 1200\u00a0UTC on August 16 the cyclone made landfall near Lamar, Texas as it weakened to tropical depression status. Three hours later, the National Hurricane Center stopped giving out advisories on Erin as warning responsibility was switched to the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center.\nSlowly moving northwestward through Texas, Tropical Depression Erin managed to keep an area of convection near the center, with its widespread, but scattered rainbands dropping moderate to heavy precipitation. By August 17, the winds decreased to 20\u00a0mph (30\u00a0km/h), with higher gusts. The system turned to the north-northeast on August 18, while heavy bands of thunderstorms continued to spin around the center of Erin. Early on August 19 after entering Oklahoma, Erin suddenly re-intensified to maximum sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) a short distance west of Oklahoma City. The Norman, Oklahoma National Weather Service remarked the intensification \"[resulted] in what amounts to an inland tropical storm;\" at 0930\u00a0UTC the system showed an eye-like feature and a spiral rainband, and produced wind gusts of over 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). However, a few hours later, the system began weakening again, and late on August 19 Erin degenerated into a remnant low pressure area as the circulation dissipated over northeastern Oklahoma. The low continued into southeastern Kansas before dissipating, feeding moisture northward toward a frontal system extending from the Midwestern United States through the Mid-Atlantic States. Its remnant mid-level circulation then moved eastward across Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia before losing identity as it moved out into the Atlantic Ocean.\nPreparations.\nInstantly after Erin become a tropical depression, the National Hurricane Center gave out a tropical storm watch from Freeport, Texas to the United States/Mexico border; at the same time, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch southward to Rio San Fernando. Shortly before achieving tropical storm status, the watch in Texas was upgraded to a tropical storm warning. Late on August 15, the warning was extended to San Luis Pass, while the watch in Mexico was cancelled. As Erin made landfall, the warnings was cancelled, and several flood watches and warnings were given out for counties across southeastern Texas. Upon moving into Oklahoma, flood and flash flood warnings were issued for several counties.\nGovernor of Texas, Rick Perry activated the National Guard and moved emergency personnel to the areas expected to be affected by the storm. Erin is expected to bring flooding to the region, which had already been declared a disaster area on August 7, 2007 from widespread flooding on the Nueces River basin; this area remained flooded as of August 15, 2007. On August 15, oil futures rose to $74.01 (USD), because of fears of Erin disturbing oil supplies produced on Texan coasts, combined with low oil supplies.<ref name=\"oil futures 8/15\"></ref> As a result of the threat from the storm, Shell Oil Company evacuated 188\u00a0workers on oil platforms in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.\nImpact.\nTexas.\nBy midday on August 15, rainbands with gusty winds began affecting the Texas coastline. As it made landfall, the storm created heavy rainfall near and to the or northeast of its path, reaching 11.02\u00a0inches (280\u00a0mm) at a station in Lockwood. The passage of the storm caused several bayous in the Houston area to reach or go beyond flood levels. Across southeastern Texas, the cyclone generated several funnel clouds, and near Iah a EF0 tornado was reported. Wind gusts from Erin were fairly weak across the state, peaking at 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h) at Palacios with an unofficial report of 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h) at Jamaica Beach. While moving onto land, the storm produced a small storm surge peaking at 3.22\u00a0feet (0.98\u00a0m) at Pleasure Pier, which caused minor beach erosion.\nIn Clear Lake City, heavy rainfall broke down a part of a grocery store roof, killing two workers. The precipitation caused moderate flooding across eastern parts of Harris County; over 400\u00a0homes and 40\u00a0businesses were flooded. Flooding across the Greater Houston area briefly stopped the METRORail and closed several state roads. One person drowned after driving into a retention pond. Several people needed rescue assistance, and in Comal County a car accident killed three people. The movement of the storm temporarily left about 20,000\u00a0electrical customers without power, though most outages were quickly restored. In San Antonio, one body was found from a creek and another died after driving into a flooded road and was swept into a drainage ditch in which four others survived. In Sisterdale, two people were killed when they were swept away stalled over Sister Creek In Taylor County, near Abilene, flooding killed one person and forced the evacuation of about 2,000\u00a0people.\nOklahoma.\nAfter its unexpected redevelopment over Oklahoma, heavy damages were also reported there. Several communities in central Oklahoma were flooded from the effects of heavy rainfall. Watonga, Kingfisher and Geary were the hardest-hit communities, where many houses and buildings were flooded. Winds in Watonga gusted as high as 82\u00a0mph (131\u00a0km/h), which damaged numerous trees and power lines and heavily damaged mobile homes. The entire community lost power, also with about 15,000 customers in total in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. A section of Interstate 40 was also closed for a while.\nOne person was found to have drowned in a cellar in Fort Cobb, and another drowned in Kingfisher. Another storm-related death took place in Seminole. Three others were found dead after a weather-related automobile accident also near Carnegie. Another automobile accident-related death took place in Okmulgee County but it is not sure if Erin is to blame there.\nMissouri.\nAlthough its surface circulation had dissipated, its upper circulation remained unbroken and created a burst of rainfall early on August 20. The 11.94\u00a0inches/303.3\u00a0mm that fell at Miller became the wettest Missouri rainfall total associated with a tropical cyclone, or its remains, since at least 1976. One person died in Sleeper when he drove into flood waters which had swept away a bridge he was trying to navigate onto. Nine water rescues happened along the Interstate 44 passageway, which was most effected by Erin's rainfall."}
+{"id": "68995", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68995", "title": "Beatrice Arthur", "text": ""}
+{"id": "68997", "revid": "1452189", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68997", "title": "Antonio Banderas", "text": "Jos\u00e9 Antonio Dom\u00ednguez Bandera (born 10 August 1960), better known as Antonio Banderas, is an Spanish movie, stage, television, actor, singer, and director. He has acted in several important Hollywood movies including \"\", \"Assassins\", \"Interview with the Vampire\", \"Mariachi\" sequels, \"Philadelphia\", \"The Mask of Zorro\", \"The Legend of Zorro\", and \"Puss in Boots\" and its in the Shrek movies.\nBanderas and his wife Melanie Griffith said in June 2014 that they are divorcing. The divorce was finalized in 2015."}
+{"id": "68999", "revid": "10456840", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68999", "title": "Jim Carrey", "text": "James Eugene Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a Canadian actor and comedian. He is known for his acting in movies, such as the \"Ace Ventura\" movie series, \"Dumb and Dumber\", \"The Cable Guy\", \"Liar Liar\" and \"Bruce Almighty\". He has also been successful in dramatic roles in movies such as \"The Truman Show\", \"Man on the Moon\", \"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind\" and \"The Number 23\". He won the Golden Globe Award in 2000. Carrey has attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder."}
+{"id": "69000", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69000", "title": "Egyptian cobra", "text": "The Egyptian cobra \"(naja haje)\" is a type of poisonous cobra. It was worshiped by the Ancient Egyptians. It lives in both North Africa and Southwestern Asia. It is one of the most venomous snakes in the world. Egyptian cobras can grow up to 5 feet or 6 feet, 8 inches (1.5\u20132 m) and have been seen as large as 8 feet in some areas. Recently, a man was sentenced to a year in jail and a fine of $17,000 for owning an Egyptian cobra. Small symbols of Egyptian cobras were included in the crown of the pharaohs."}
+{"id": "69001", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69001", "title": "Mikhail Baryshnikov", "text": "Mikhail Nikolaevitch Baryshnikov (, born 27 January 1948) is a Russian-American dancer, choreographer, and actor. Born in Latvia to Russian parents during the time of the Soviet Union, he later became an American citizen. After a promising start in the Kirov Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre, Leningrad, he defected to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in western dance.\nHe has been called the world's greatest living male ballet dancer. Critic Clive Barnes once called him, \"The most perfect dancer I have ever seen\".\nWhile on a tour in Canada with the Kirov Ballet in 1974, Baryshnikov asked for political asylum in Toronto. He became an American citizen in 1986. He has won three Emmy Awards.\nPart of his significance is that he danced both classical ballet and modern dance. From 1978 he worked full-time in the New York City Ballet under the direction of George Balanchine. In 1980 he became artistic director of the American Ballet Theatre. Later he founded his own company and moved towards modern dance. He has danced many times on television in North America."}
+{"id": "69004", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69004", "title": "Baryshnikov", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69005", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69005", "title": "United States Dollar", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69007", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69007", "title": "Rand (currency)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69008", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69008", "title": "Suid-Afrikan rand", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69011", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69011", "title": "Carl von Linn\u00e9", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69012", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69012", "title": "Zuid-Afrikan Rand", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69017", "revid": "752027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69017", "title": "Batman Begins", "text": "Batman Begins is a 2005 superhero movie directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Nolan and David S. Goyer. Based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, it stars Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Cillian Murphy, Tom Wilkinson, Rutger Hauer, Ken Watanabe, and Morgan Freeman. The movie reboots the \"Batman movie series\", telling the origin story of Bruce Wayne from the death of his parents to his journey to become Batman and his fight to stop Ra's al Ghul and the Scarecrow from plunging Gotham City into chaos.\n\"Batman Begins\" was successful, and in 2008 a sequel titled \"The Dark Knight\" was released.\n\"Batman Begins\" was the first movie in Christopher Nolan's \"The Dark Knight Trilogy\"."}
+{"id": "69019", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69019", "title": "Zuid-Afrikan rand", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69022", "revid": "10358026", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69022", "title": "Liam Neeson", "text": "William John \"Liam\" Neeson, OBE (born 7 June 1952) is an Irish actor and comedian, nominated for many awards including the Oscar. He is well known for his role as Oskar Schindler in the 1993 movie \"Schindler's List\", and after that he has appeared in several popular movie series, including the \"Star Wars\" prequel trilogy, \"The Chronicles of Narnia\" ( he is set to be replaced by Timothy Dalton for Netflix' s Narnia reboot) and \"Batman Begins\". He has also continued to play real-life characters, including Michael Collins and Alfred Kinsey. "}
+{"id": "69027", "revid": "1320268", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69027", "title": "Great Seal of the United States", "text": "The Great Seal of United States is the official coat of arms of the United States. It is placed in official documents from the United States Government. The name is used both for the coat of arms, and the material seal itself, which is made by the United States' executive power. The design was submitted and accepted on June 20th, 1782.\nThe seal's design is used in national documents, such as passports, by the United States military, and flags. As a coat of arms, it has the national colors of the United States, but the material seal itself only has a basic black and white design (like when used on paper).\nSince 1935, the two faces of the Great Seal appear in on the one dollar banknote."}
+{"id": "69030", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69030", "title": "Coat of Arms of United States", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69031", "revid": "10264637", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69031", "title": "1444", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69032", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69032", "title": "Biellmann spin", "text": "The Biellmann spin is a spin in figure skating. It is performed on one foot. The free leg (the leg not on the ice) is pulled up from behind and pulled above the head. The knee is bent slightly and the back is bent backwards into the spin. This forms a teardrop position with the body. In the classic version of the spin, both arms are used to hold up the leg. A slightly changed version has one hand on the skate and the other hand on the arm holding up the skate. A change can be made in that one hand can be dropped. If the hand holding up the spin is on the same side of the body as the leg, the spin is referred to as a \"one-hand Biellmann spin\", because the spin is being performed with one hand. If the hand holding up the spin is on the opposite side of the body as the leg, the spin is referred to as a \"cross-grab Biellmann spin\", because that hand has to \"cross\" the body to \"grab\" the skate.\nThe spin has also been said to look like a \"tulip on a turntable\". It is one of the most iconic figure skating moves. Along with the layback spin, the Biellmann is used in advertisements and icons representing figure skating. The position is also used in spiral sequences.\nSpin history.\nNo one knows who invented the spin. Cecilia Colledge of Great Britain performed a one-handed Biellmann spin in 1937. There is a famous photograph of her doing the spin at the 1937 World Figure Skating Championships. Tamara Moskvina of the Soviet Union performed the spin at the 1965 European Championships and there is a famous photo of her doing it as well. Both Janet Champion and Slavka Kohout of the United States performed this spin early on.\nThe spin is named after Swiss skater Denise Biellmann, who popularized the move. Biellmann performed the spin beginning in the 1970s, having learned it from her teammate, fellow Swiss skater Karin Iten. Biellmann performed the spin on her way to becoming World Champion and the spin was officially named for her. It is the only figure skating spin officially named after a skater in International Skating Union regulations.\nPositions.\nThe classic positions is explained above. This position is often entered into through a layback spin. The free leg of the layback is grasped by one or both hands and brought up above the head.\nIrina Slutskaya of Russia is officially credited with inventing the \"change foot Biellmann spin\". She performs the Biellmann on one foot, then drops her free leg and performs the spin on her other leg.\nA \"half-Biellmann spin\", also called the \"catch-foot camel spin\", is a Biellmann variation in which the free leg is grasped in a camel spin position and brought up above the head, but the upper body is not lifted into the teardrop position.\nMany skaters have performed a Biellmann variation in which the free leg is brought down towards the face, with the knee bent inwards. This spin has mostly been performed by Junior-level or Junior-age skaters, because this is easiest to perform before puberty. It is unknown who invented this variation. It was performed by Naomi Nari Nam at the United States nationals in 1999. More recently it has been brought back by Junior level skaters including Caroline Zhang of the United States who performed the spin on her way to winning the 2007 World Junior title.\nAs well, Zhang and other Junior skaters are known for doing a \"hyper-extended\" Biellmann spin in which the leg is pulled straight up in the air and the back bent as far into the spin as possible. Zhang is able to perform the spin with her free leg pulled straight up into the air, making the spin look like a capital-I. This position is not original to Zhang, but she has been the one to popularize it.\nIn skating competitions.\nBecause of Code of Points, the Biellmann spin has been used too much in competitions. Many skaters would perform the spin even if they were not flexible enough because it was a good way of getting a lot of points. The International Skating Union has limited the number of Biellmann spins that can be performed in a single program.\nThe spin is almost entirely performed by women, and it is a common feature in most Junior and Senior level ladies programs, as well as being a position for ice dancing lifts. It is generally not performed by men because most male skaters are not flexible enough to perform the spin. The most famous male skater to perform the spin is Evgeni Plushenko. However, he has not done it in competition since 2003. Shawn Sawyer has also performed the spin at the Junior level. Recently, the spin has been performed in competition by Ryo Shibata of Japan and Eliot Halverson of the United States."}
+{"id": "69033", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69033", "title": "1445", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69035", "revid": "73230", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69035", "title": "Omar Sharif", "text": "Omar Sharif (; 10 April 1932 \u2013 10 July 2015) was an Egyptian actor who worked in many Hollywood movies. He acted in Arabic, French, and English movies. Sharif is most famous for his roles in \"Doctor Zhivago\", \"Lawrence of Arabia\" and \"Funny Girl\" (1968). He was nominated for the Academy Award and won the Golden Globe Award three times. Sharif had a son and two grandsons. He converted from Christianity to Islam.\nContract bridge career.\nSharif once ranked among the world's best-known contract bridge players, forming the \"Omar Sharif Bridge Circus\" in 1967 which toured the world, competing against famous teams.\nWith Charles Goren, Sharif co-wrote a syndicated newspaper bridge column for the \"Chicago Tribune\" for several years, but later turned over most of the writing of the column to Tannah Hirsch.\nHe was also author or co-author of several books on bridge, and licensed his name to a bridge video game. An MS-DOS version and Amiga version was released in 1992 as \"Omar Sharif on Bridge\". It is still sold in Windows and \"mobile platform\" versions.\nHealth and death.\nIn May 2015, it was reported that Sharif had Alzheimer's disease. His son, Tarek El-Sharif, said that his father was getting confused. He was forgetting facts about some of the biggest movies of his career.\nOn July 10, 2015, at the age of 83, Sharif died after a heart attack at a hospital in Cairo, Egypt.\nOn July 12, 2015, Sharif's funeral was held at the Grand Mosque of Mushir Tantawi in eastern Cairo. The funeral was attended by a group of Sharif's relatives, friends and Egyptian actors. His casket was draped in the Egyptian flag and a black shroud. He is burued in El-Sayeda Nafisa cemetery in southern Cairo."}
+{"id": "69037", "revid": "1186518", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69037", "title": "Toshir\u014d Mifune", "text": "Toshir\u014d Mifune (Japanese: \u4e09\u8239 \u654f\u90ce \"Mifune Toshir\u014d\" \u2013 IPA: [mi\u0278\u026fne to\u0255i\u027ao\u02d0]) (1 April 1920 \u2013 24 December 1997) was a Japanese actor. He had roles in almost 170 movies."}
+{"id": "69039", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69039", "title": "Toshiro Mifune", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69041", "revid": "1555593", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69041", "title": "Andy Garc\u00eda", "text": "Andr\u00e9s Arturo Garc\u00eda Men\u00e9ndez (born April 12, 1956), professionally known as Andy Garcia, is an Cuban American actor and director born in Cuba. He became famous in the 1990s, when he acted in many successful Hollywood movies, including \"\", \"When a Man Loves a Woman\", \"Ocean's Eleven\", and \"Ocean's Thirteen\". \nHe was nominated for several awards for his work, including the Oscar. In 2022, he played Billy Herrera in \"Father of the Bride\".\nHis daughter, Dominik Garc\u00eda-Lorido, is an actress."}
+{"id": "69043", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69043", "title": "Rodrigo Santoro", "text": "Rodrigo Junqueira dos Reis Santoro (born August 22, 1975) is a Brazilian Actor. He started his career acting in different soap operas in his country. In the last few years, he has become known after his roles in the movies \"Love Actually\" and \"300\".\nSantoro was born in Petr\u00f3polis, Rio de Janeiro. He is half of Italian descent."}
+{"id": "69047", "revid": "145452", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69047", "title": "Michael Caine", "text": "Sir Michael Caine ; (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is a retired English actor, producer, and author. Caine is known for his distinctive cockney accent and he has appeared in over 115 movies, and is regarded as a British movie icon.\nCareer.\nHis early role in \"Alfie\" (1966) earned him an Academy Award nomination. He also starred in \"The Italian Job\" (1969) and \"Battle of Britain\" (1969).\nHis roles in the 1970s included \"Get Carter\" (1971), \"The\" \"Last\" \"Valley\" (1971), \"Sleuth\" (1972), for which he earned his second Academy Award nomination, \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1975) and \"A Bridge Too Far\" (1977).\nIn 1986, he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Woody Allen's \"Hannah and Her Sisters\".\nCaine played Ebenezer Scrooge in \"The Muppet Christmas Carol\" (1992). In 1999, he won a second Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for \"The Cider House Rules\".\nCaine played Nigel Powers, Austin Powers' father in the 2002 parody \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\", and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan's \"The Dark Knight Trilogy\". He appeared in several other of Nolan's movies, including \"The Prestige\" (2006), \"Inception\" (2010) and \"Interstellar\" (2014). \nHe also appeared in Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n's \"Children of Men\" and Matthew Vaughn's action comedy movie \"\".\nCaine is one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s, the other one being Jack Nicholson.\nPersonal life.\nCaine was married to Patricia Haines from 1955 until they divorced in 1962. He later married Shakira Baksh in 1973. Caine has two children. He supports the Conservative Party and voted for Brexit.\nIn July 2016, Caine legally changed his name from Maurice Joseph Micklewhite to Michael Caine in order to make security checks at airports easier. \"[A security guard] would say, 'Hi Michael Caine,' and suddenly I'd be giving him a passport with a different name on it. I could stand there for an hour. So I changed my name.\"\nSelected awards.\nCaine won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his roles in \"Hannah and Her Sisters\" and \"The Cider House Rules\".\nHe won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his role in \"Educating Rita\".\nHe won the following Golden Globe Awards:\nOther websites.\n "}
+{"id": "69048", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69048", "title": "Begging", "text": "Begging means asking people for money, food, shelter or other things, when one is not able to give anything instead. It is also referred to as sponging, spanging (short for \"spare-changing\") or (in American English) panhandling.\nIn larger cities, it is common to see beggars who ask for money, food, or other items. Typically, beggars often beg for spare change using coffee cups, mugs, small boxes, hats, or other items into which monies can be placed and sometimes display signs with messages such as \"Help me. I'm homeless.\"\nUse of funds obtained by begging.\nA 2002 study of 54 panhandlers in Toronto reported that of a median monthly income of $638 CAD, those interviewed spent a median of $200 CAD on food and $192 CAD on alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs. The Fraser Institute, however, criticized this study. They said there were many forms of begging including ones in which good money can be earned. They also said that panhandlers' reports were not reliable \nBecause of this, some people say that it would be better to give the beggars gift cards or food/service vouchers, instead of money. Some shelters also offer business cards with information on the shelter's location and services, which can be given instead of cash.\nAggressive panhandling.\nAggressive panhandling means to ask for donations or help in a threatening manner. This is not mugging, but rather similar and therefore often forbidden by law. Examples include:"}
+{"id": "69049", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69049", "title": "Spanging", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69050", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69050", "title": "Panhandling", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69051", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69051", "title": "Sponging", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69052", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69052", "title": "Benicio del Toro", "text": "Benicio Monserrate Rafael del Toro S\u00e1nchez (born February 19, 1967) is a Puerto Rican actor and film producer. He grew up in Santurce, but spent his adolescence and high school years in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, USA. He has won several awards in his career, including an Academy Award."}
+{"id": "69054", "revid": "121204", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69054", "title": "Geoffrey Rush", "text": "Geoffrey Roy Rush, (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor who has won Academy and Emmy awards, as well as several others. He was the first Australian actor to win an Academy Award for acting.\nRush was born in Toowoomba, Queensland. He studied at Everton Park State High School and at University of Queensland. Rush was raised in Brisbane.\nHe has won one Academy Award for acting (from four nominations), three British Academy Film Awards (from five nominations), two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards. \nHe is the foundation President of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year.\nIn 1975, Rush went to Paris for two years and studied mime, movement and theatre at the L'\u00c9cole Internationale de Th\u00e9\u00e2tre Jacques Lecoq, before returning to continue his stage career with QTC. In 1979, he shared an apartment with actor Mel Gibson for four months while they co-starred in a stage production of \"Waiting for Godot\".\nRush is known for his roles in \"Shine\", ', \"Shakespeare in Love\", ', \"Quills\", \"Finding Nemo\", \"\", \"The King's Speech\" and \"Minions\".\nSince 1988, Rush has been married to actress Jane Menelaus, with whom he has a daughter, Angelica (born 1992), and a son, James (born 1995). Geoffrey Rush lives at Camberwell station, Camberwell, Victoria."}
+{"id": "69055", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69055", "title": "Joaquin Phoenix", "text": "Joaqu\u00edn Rafael Phoenix () (born October 28, 1973), originally called Leaf Phoenix, is an American actor. He is from a family of actors, like his brother, the late actor River Phoenix. He has been nominated four times for the Academy Award, winning once in 2020. He also won the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, BAFTA and Grammy Awards.\nPhoenix is popular for his roles as Commodus in \"Gladiator\", as Johnny Cash in \"Walk the Line\" and as the main character in \"Joker\". \nHe is also known for portraying firefighter Jack Morrison in \"Ladder 49\". He has recently begun directing music videos, as well as producing movies and television shows. He also sang and recorded an album, the soundtrack \"Walk The Line\", which won a Grammy Award. He has been a social activist for a long time, especially for animal rights. He is a vegan."}
+{"id": "69056", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69056", "title": "William Hurt", "text": "William McChord Hurt (March 20, 1950 \u2013 March 13, 2022) was an American actor. He won an Academy Award in 1985 for his work in the movie movie \"Kiss of the Spider Woman\". He played Thaddeus Ross in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.\nIn May 2018, Hurt was diagnosed with terminal prostate cancer. He later died from the disease on March 13, 2022 at his home in Portland, Oregon, only one week before his 72nd birthday."}
+{"id": "69057", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69057", "title": "Adrien Brody", "text": "Adrien Nicholas Brody (born April 14, 1973) is an American actor. He starred in Roman Polanski's \"The Pianist\" (2002). The role won him an Academy Award for Best Actor, the youngest actor ever to win the award. In 2025, he won another Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in \"The Brutalist\" (2024).\nHis mother, Sylvia Plachy (born 1943) is a Hungarian photographer. His father is of Polish descent."}
+{"id": "69058", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69058", "title": "Mark Wahlberg", "text": "Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg (born June 5, 1971) is an American actor and television and movie producer. His father was of Swedish and Irish descent, and his mother is of Irish, Scottish, English ancestry. He has been nominated for an Academy Award. He was also known as \"Marky Mark\" at the beginning of his career, when he had become famous as a rap musician with the band Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch after a brief time as a member of New Kids on the Block.\nWahlberg was convicted of assault when he was 16, for which he was imprisoned. He is a Roman Catholic."}
+{"id": "69060", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69060", "title": "Marky Mark", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69062", "revid": "10453452", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69062", "title": "Wesley Snipes", "text": "Wesley Trent Snipes (born July 31, 1962) is an American actor, martial artist and movie producer. He is best known for his role as the vampire hunter Blade in the \"Blade\" trilogy movies.\nSnipes was born in Orlando, Florida and spent most of his childhood in The Bronx, New York City. He moved back to Orlando when he was a teenager."}
+{"id": "69063", "revid": "1611993", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69063", "title": "Jak 3", "text": "Jak 3 is a video game for Sony's PlayStation 2 made by Naughty Dog. It is the third game in the \"Jak and Daxter\" series. \nStory.\nJak, Daxter, and Pecker are thrown into the desert by their own people one year after the previous game, Jak II, ended. They are found by Damas, Kleiver, and another wastelander. Jak is tested in an arena, and wins a fight, proving him worthy to not be killed. He and Daxter then explore, meeting Seem, a monk and Errol along the way. This starts a \"friendship\" with the some well-known citizens of Spargus, and Jak and Daxter soon become used to the city of Spargus, completing missions and looking around the desert for artifacts, or out of mere curiosity. \nFurther throughout the game, Ashelin (a key character in Jak 2), asks Jak to come back to Haven City. Jak refuses, telling her \"they could rot for all I care\", still angry for them throwing him and Daxter out of Haven City for the wrong reason.\nLater on, he decides to go back, and meets everybody once again. He gains new light powers that give him the ability to fly, make a shield around him, slow time, and heal himself. With his newfound powers he saves Haven City and Spargus City from attacks multiple times. \nIn the end, Jak finds out that Damas was his father, and Veger took him away from him. Jak chases Veger towards the catacombs, and meets the Precursors themselves. It is also found out that Daxter is a Precursor too. Jak and Daxter is sent to Errol to stop him. When he is defeated, Jak, Daxter, and all the others gather together in the arena, while the Precursors make their speech."}
+{"id": "69064", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69064", "title": "Edward Norton", "text": "Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an American movie actor and director. He was nominated for three Academy Awards. He won the Golden Globe in 1997 for \"Primal Fear\".\nBiography.\nEdward Harrison Norton was born on August 18th 1969. When he was 28, he played someone accused of murder in the movie, Primal Fear (movie) and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 1997, Norton starred in the movie American History X and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. In 1998, Norton played a character in the Matt Damon movie Rounders about poker. In 1999, Norton co-starred with Brad Pitt in the movie Fight Club. In 2000, Norton wrote the screenplay for a movie called Keeping the Faith.\nIn 2024, he played folk singer Pete Seeger in the Bob Dylan biopic \"A Complete Unknown\"."}
+{"id": "69065", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69065", "title": "Cardinal (bird)", "text": "The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of passerine birds that live in North and South America."}
+{"id": "69067", "revid": "1474574", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69067", "title": "Magpie", "text": "Magpies are birds in the crow family, Corvidae. They are general scavengers and predators of insects, small mammals, and other birds' eggs and young.\nThe word \"magpie\" usually means the European magpie (\"Pica pica\") in the genus Pica, they are a very common bird, found everywhere in Europe. Though elsewhere, there are other species of magpie. Most having a distinctive black and white appearance. \nOther birds called \"magpie\".\nThere are other species of bird that are called 'magpies', though they are not true magpies. Oriental \"magpies\" are green and blue in colour, and belong to the genera ' and '. \nThere is also one blue and white magpie, the \"Cyanopica cyana\". \nThere is the , which is really a treepie. \nThere is also the Australian magpie. It is not a member of the crow family at all. It is in the family. \nAll of those birds are in a different genera from \"Pica\". This is a good example of the confusion caused by common names, before the Linnaean system came into use.\nDescription.\nMagpies are large birds. They often have long tails. Magpies eat lots of different kinds of food. They may eat baby birds, eggs and carrion. They may also eat seeds and other parts of plants.\nMagpies are clever birds. They can pass the . This is when the bird sees itself in a mirror and understands that the bird reflected in the mirror, is itself. Contrary to popular belief, they do not have any attraction to bright, shiny things. "}
+{"id": "69068", "revid": "11592", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69068", "title": "Chicks", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69074", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69074", "title": "Final Fantasy Tactics", "text": "Final Fantasy Tactics is a tactical role-playing game for the PlayStation and Game Boy Advance. It was released in 1997 by Square Co., Ltd. on the PlayStation and in 2003 on Game Boy Advance (now Square Enix)."}
+{"id": "69083", "revid": "11137", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69083", "title": "Riot!", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69086", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69086", "title": "Vacuole", "text": "A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle. They are a kind of vesicle. Vacuoles are closed sacs, made of membranes with inorganic or organic molecules inside, such as enzymes. They have no set shape or size, and the cell can change them as needed. They are in most eukaryotic cells and do many things. They can store waste. Vacuoles and their contents are distinct from the cytoplasm, and are classified as ergastic according to some people. The solution that fills the vacuole is called cell sap.\nWhat a vacuole does and how important it is depends on what kind of cell they are in. They are much more important in plant and fungus cells than in animal cells. Some common jobs of a vacuole are to:\nVacuoles are also important in autophagy, keeping a balance between making and getting rid of many things in cells and organisms. They also help with destroying and recycling broken proteins that build up in cells. Vacuoles may help attack bacteria and some kinds of vacuoles may act as a house for symbiotic bacteria. In protists, vacuoles also store and help digest food that the protist ate.\nCentral vacuole.\nThe central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells. It is often the largest organelle in the cell. It is surrounded by a membrane and holds materials and wastes. It also keeps the proper pressure in the plant cells, and supports the growing plant.\nEvolution.\nThe evolution of multicellularity took place several times on Earth. That is, separately in animals, fungi, streptophytes (charophyte algae and land plants), red algae, and brown algae. The vacuole probably evolved several times independently, even within the green plants."}
+{"id": "69088", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69088", "title": "Dip", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69099", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69099", "title": "College of Arms", "text": "The College of Arms, in London is one of the few remaining government heraldic authorities in Europe. It was founded in 1484 by King Richard III, and its job is to control heraldry and grant new \"armorial bearings\", sometime called coats of arms.\nThe college is run by the Kings of Arms, heralds and pursuivants who handle heraldic affairs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland on behalf of the Queen. (Scotland has its own heraldic authority: Lord Lyon King of Arms and his office.)\nThe college also grants arms to citizens of other Commonwealth countries that do not have their own heralds. (Canadians use Canadian Heraldic Authority and South Africans have the Bureau of Heraldry)\nAs well as designing and granting new arms, the College tries to answer many requests from people trying to prove that they are descended from an \"armigerous\" (arms-bearing) person; a person descended in the male line (or through heraldic heiresses) from an armiger may be reissued that ancestor's arms. Special marks called difference marks can be added make the coat of arms different from the arms of their cousins. The college is involved in genealogy and have many pedigrees (family trees) in their records. Anyone may register a pedigree with the college, where they are carefully checked and need official proofs before being altered.\nHeralds were originally messengers. Officers of the College of Arms still sometimes read Royal proclamations in public, for example at the accession of a new sovereign.\nThey also help plan state ceremonies, such as coronations, the introduction of new peers into the House of Lords, and the ceremonies of orders of chivalry.\nFor these public appearances, the officers of the college wear costume showing their place in the Royal Household, either simple red livery or the herald's traditional colourful outfit of a tabard emblazoned with his master's arms (in this case the royal arms).\nThe College of Arms is on Queen Victoria Street in the City of London, not far to the south of St. Paul's Cathedral. The site was given to the college when it was re-formed by Philip and Mary I in 1555, and the present 17th century building dates from after the Great Fire of London in 1666.\nThe College of Arms was featured in the 1969 James Bond movie \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" where James Bond visits his friend Sir Hillary Bray who permits Bond to impersonate him so he can spy on Blofeld's base. Bray gives Bond information on Blofeld's ancestor Count Balthazzar de Bleuchamp. Bond is shown his own coat of arms with the family motto: \"the world is not enough\" (this was used for the title of the 19th Bond movie \"The World Is Not Enough\").\nThe officers.\nThe Earl Marshal, a hereditary office held by the Duke of Norfolk, oversees the College, but he is not a member. He must give his written consent, called a warrant, before any new coat of arms can be issued. The Earl Marshal's court (called the Court of Chivalry) can hear cases about using coats arms, but the court has not sat since 1954. Usually the Earl Marshal usually leaves affairs to the professional heralds of the College.\nThere are, three levels of officers of arms: Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants. The officers of arms occupy posts bearing traditional titles:\nThe officers of arms earn money from their own private practices in heraldry and genealogy. They get only nominal salaries as officers of the College. These salaries were set centuries ago and reflect the living costs of the day. William IV reduced them to the old level in the 1830s. The amounts are listed below, and is not taxed:\nAny letters, telephone calls or visitors to the college not for a specific officer of arms are seen by the \"officer in waiting\". All members of the college serve as officer in waiting on rotation.\n\"Heralds Extraordinary\" are appointed to take part in special ceremonial occasions or to help the Earl Marshal personally; they are not members of the college. Among the extraordinary heralds have been \u2014 \nThe New Zealand Herald Extraordinary is not a member of the college but it is a permanent post created to oversee heraldry in New Zealand; he works together with the college to grant new arms for people and bodies in that country (where he himself lives and works).\nGrants and descent of arms.\nThe Kings of Arms grant coats of arms by letters patent. Before they can even consider the granting of arms, an application, (called a \"memorial\") must be made to the Earl Marshal, and a fee paid.\nThe Kings of Arms are authorised in their \"patents of appointment\" (the letter giving them their job) to grant coats of arms to \"eminent men\". Originally this meant someone who was rich or had social status. By 1530, the heralds wanted successful candidates for a grant of arms to have \u00a3300 or rent from land of \u00a310 a year. Since the heralds get fees for granting arms, they have always been generous when deciding who should be allowed a coat of arms. In 1616, Ralphe Brooke, York Herald, tricked the Garter King of Arms into granting a coat of arms to the common hangman for a fee of 22 shillings (\u00a31-20p).\nThis is why the Earl Marshal's permission to grant a coat of arms is needed. \nThere are no fixed rules about granting modern coats of arms. If a herald is approached and does not consider that the application has merit, he may tactfully suggest to the applicant that he or she should not proceed. If it does proceed, its success or otherwise will depend on the approval of the Earl Marshal, who may apply his own standards. Peter Gwynn-Jones has recently written that\nThe coat of arms, or a differenced version of them using marks of cadency, can be used by \"all\" of the legitimate children of an individual and such children and their descendants may bear the arms (or a differenced version of them) from the moment of birth: they do not have to wait for the death of the previous generation. The College of Arms does not need to approve the use of the arms in each generation: the original grant of arms is the only authority required. Although daughters and sons inherit the right to bear arms for themselves personally, the right passes only through the male line: hence, a son transmits the arms to his children, but a daughter, can use them herself, but her children cannot. A partial exception to this rule is the case of a woman who has no brothers, or whose brothers have no children; such a woman is called a heraldic heiress and may transmit the arms to her children as a quartering with their father's arms, and to their descendents.\nThe costs involved are quite substantial. The applicant does not buy a coat of arms: the arms themselves are freely given, but fees must be paid to the heralds and artists involved as professionals, and to support the buildings and other running costs of the College. Aside from the heralds' traditional nominal salaries, given above, the College of Arms is not financed by the taxpayer.\nName changes.\nThe College of Arms is also responsible for recording the changes of names. In order to change one's name, one must apply for a deed poll to be entered on the College's registers and published in the London Gazette.\nWhen a Royal Licence is granted for a transfer of arms, the change of the surname may be permitted by the Licence itself, so there is no need of a deed poll."}
+{"id": "69103", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69103", "title": "Saarbruecken", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69104", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69104", "title": "Wuerzburg", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69105", "revid": "13560", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69105", "title": "Muenster (Westfalen)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69106", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69106", "title": "Moenchengladbach", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69107", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69107", "title": "Luebeck", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69110", "revid": "4135", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69110", "title": "City of Salford", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69111", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69111", "title": "City of Sunderland", "text": "The City of Sunderland is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Since 1992 it has had the status of a city and metropolitan borough. \nIt is named after its largest settlement, Sunderland, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Washington, Houghton-le-Spring, and other smaller settlements.\nThe district was created in 1974 as the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland when all local government in England and Wales was changed by the Local Government Act 1972. This was when four different local government districts from County Durham were joined together. \nSunderland became a city in 1992, the 40th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth's \"accession\" (the time she became queen). \nThe district had a population of 280,807 at the time of the 2001 census. \nOn March 24, 2004, the City adopted St Benedict Biscop as its patron saint. A patron had never been adopted before."}
+{"id": "69115", "revid": "8221147", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69115", "title": "Self-Strengthening Movement", "text": "The Self-Strengthening Movement ( or ; 1861 - 1895) was a reform organised during the late Qing Dynasty. The movement's intent was the modernization of China as a result of many military defeats it had faced at the hands of the West. It could be divided into three phases the first phase (1861 - 1872), the second phase (1872 - 1885) and the third phase (1885 - 1895). \nAfter the defeat of Opium Wars and the outbreak of Taiping Rebellion, the emperor and imperial officials realised that the Qing Government might be overthrown soon and they would no longer reign the country. In order to prevent this, a series of reforms were implemented in the Self-Strengthening Movement, sometimes called \"Westernization\" which sought to adopt ideas from the West, mainly in technology."}
+{"id": "69116", "revid": "1498485", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69116", "title": "Michael Keaton", "text": "Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), known professionally by the artistic name Michael Keaton, is an American actor. He became popular for his early comedic film roles, most notably his performance as the title character of Tim Burton's \"Beetlejuice\" and would return to the role in the 2024 sequel \"Beetlejuice Beetlejuice\". He later gained international fame for his dramatic portrayal of Bruce Wayne / Batman in Tim Burton's \"Batman\" (1989), \"Batman Returns\" (1992) and in \"The Flash\" (2023).\nKeaton won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015 for his role in \"Birdman\".\nIn 2016, he played Ray Kroc in \"The Founder\". He played the villain, the Vulture in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie \"\" (2017).\nEarly life.\nKeaton was born on September 5, 1951, in Kennedy Township, Pennsylvania. He lived in Robinson Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. His father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Loftus), a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. Keaton was raised in a Catholic family. He is of Irish and Scots-Irish ancestry. He attended Montour High School in Pennsylvania. Douglas studied speech for two years at Kent State, before dropping out and moving to Pittsburgh.\nCareer.\nKeaton first appeared on TV in the Pittsburgh public television programs \"Where the Heart Is\" and \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\" (1975). For\" Mister Rogers\" he played one of the \"Flying Zookeeni Brothers\" and was a full-time production assistant.\nKeaton left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for various TV parts. He decided to use a stage name to follow SAG rules, as there were already an actor (Michael Douglas) and daytime host (Mike Douglas) with the same or similar names. As a result, he searched a phone book under \"K,\" saw \"Keaton\" and decided to stop looking, picking it has his surname.\nKeaton's early well known roles were in \"Night Shift\" (1982), \"Mr. Mom\" (1983), \"Gung Ho\" (1986), and \"Beetlejuice\" (1988). He became well known for his role as the main superhero in \"Batman\" (1989) and \"Batman Returns\" (1992). He later appeared in \"Pacific Heights\" (1990), \"Much Ado About Nothing\" (1993), \"The Paper\" (1994), \"Jackie Brown\" (1997), \"\" (2005), and \"The Other Guys\" (2010). He also had voice roles in the animated movies \"Cars\" (2006), \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), and \"Minions\" (2015).\nKeaton was seen as having a comeback in Alejandro Gonz\u00e1lez I\u00f1\u00e1rritu's \"Birdman\" (2014), for which he won a Golden Globe Award and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He has since appeared in \"Spotlight\" (2015), \"The Founder\" (2016), and \"The Trial of the Chicago 7\" (2020).\nHe also played Vulture in \"\" (2017), as well as returning to his role as Batman in \"The Flash\" (2023). He also returned his role as Betelgeuse in \"Beetlejuice Beetlejuice\" (2024).\nPolitics.\nKeaton supported Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election."}
+{"id": "69117", "revid": "11600", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69117", "title": "Summand", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69118", "revid": "11600", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69118", "title": "Iff", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69120", "revid": "1439959", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69120", "title": "Inequality", "text": "Inequality is when one object is:\nInequality is sometimes used to name a statement that one expression is smaller, greater, not smaller or not greater than the other.\nWorking with inequalities.\nInequality in math is when two solutions or answers are compared by greater than or less than. It is when the two or yet many solutions are being compared is not of equal amount. Solving an inequality means finding its solutions. When you substitute a number to a variable and the statement is true, then it is a solution. When you substitute a number to a variable and the statement is not true then, the number is not a solution to the statement.\nSolving inequality is finding a solution to a given variable. It is finding a relative order of a set. Inequality might have many solutions, but usually only solutions as real numbers are the ones we are looking for. The proper way to read inequality is from left to right, just like the other equations, but the only difference is that they have different rules for every equation.\nFor example, consider the inequality x+4>12, where x is a real number. First, one needs to find the x and verify that it is actually a solution. The answer will be x>8 and it is a true statement. This expression is about the location of x within the set of real numbers. A number line is one way to show the location relative to all other real numbers.(See figure Inequality 1)\nDifferent kinds of inequalities.\nThere are five different kinds of inequalities:\nFour ways to solve Inequalities.\nThere are four ways to solve quadratic equations:\nFurthermore, it will take two steps to solve an inequality. The first one is to simplify using the reciprocal of addition or subtraction. The second one is to simplify more by using the reciprocal of multiplication or division. Note that when multiplying or dividing an inequality by a negative number, the inequality symbol must be reversed.\nExamples of how to solve Inequalities.\nInequality is a mathematical statement that explains that the two values are not equal and are different. The equation a\u2260b means that \"a\" is not equal to \"b\". Inequality is the same with any equation, with the (only) difference that inequality does not use an equal sign but inequality symbols. The inequality b>a means that b is greater than a. Speed limits, mark, and others use inequality to express them.\nWhen solving an inequality, a person need to have a true statement. When you divide or multiply an inequality with a negative number on both sides, the statement is false. In order to make the statement correct with a negative number, one must reverse the direction of the inequality symbol. When a number is a positive number, one does not need to reverse the symbol. Inequality is about making a true statement.\nFor example, start with a true statement -6\"y\"<-12. When both sides are divided by -6, the result will become y<2. In this statement, the symbol need to be reversed in order to have a true statement, which produces y>2 as the correct answer. In the number line (see figure Inequality 2), a closed shaded circle points out that it is included in the solution set. An open circle points out that it is not included in the solution set."}
+{"id": "69121", "revid": "1211848", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69121", "title": "Chechnya", "text": "Chechnya (; ), officially the Chechen Republic (; ), is a federal subject in Russia. It is located in the Caucasus region of Western Asia. The capital is Grozny.\nMost people in Chechnya are Muslims and are of ancient Hurrian roots who spoke a Caucasian language. Most Chechens belong to the Shafi`i school of Sunni Islam.\nChechens speak their own language, not related to the Russian language. The Chechen language is part of the Northeast Caucasian, or \"Vainakh\", family, while Russian is a Slavic language.\nDuring Soviet control, Chechnya was unified with Ingushetia. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Chechnya broke away from Ingushetia to form its own republic. The Chechens wanted independence. After the First Chechen War, Chechnya was de facto independent as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. After the Second Chechen War, Russia regained control of Chechnya.\nRussia has claimed Chechnya as part of its country since the Russians invaded the Caucasus in the 18th century.\nThe current leader of the Chechen Republic is Ramzan Kadyrov. He is also the son of the 1st Chechen President, Akhmad Kadyrov."}
+{"id": "69122", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69122", "title": "WHAM!", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69124", "revid": "1667133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69124", "title": "Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel", "text": "Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel is a mathematical paradox named after the German mathematician David Hilbert. Hilbert used it as an example to show how infinity does not act in the same way as regular numbers do.\nThe paradox.\nNormal hotels have a finite number of rooms. Once every room has been assigned to a guest, any new guest that wants a room can't get one. In other words, the hotel is fully booked.\nThe Grand Hotel is different, because it has infinite rooms. If all the rooms are filled, and a new guest wants a room, they can still get one. This might seem impossible, but there is a way.\nA single new guest.\nImagine moving the guest in room 1 to room 2, the guest in room 2 to room 3, the guest in room 3 to room 4, and so on. Every guest is moved to the room with one above their room number. It seems like the guest in the \"last\" room will end up without a room to stay in, but in the Grand Hotel, there is no last room. Every guest who already had a room still has a room.\nOnce this is done, room 1 will be vacant, so the new guest can go there. This shows how we can find a room for a new guest even if the Grand Hotel is completely full, something that could not happen in any hotel with a finite number of rooms.\nInfinite new guests.\nNow imagine a massive bus arrives at the hotel, with infinite people inside of it. All of these infinite people want a room in the Grand Hotel. Again, this seems impossible, but there is a way.\nImagine telling the person in room 1 to move to room 2, the person in room 2 to move to room 4, the person in room 3 to move to room 6, and so on. Every guest is moved to the room with double their room number. When this is finished, all of the odd rooms will be vacant, and because there are infinite odd numbers, all of the new guests have a room to stay in.\nInfinite groups of infinite guests.\nNow imagine an infinite amount of busses, each containing infinite new guests, arrive at the hotel. Many different methods have been thought of to make this work.\nPrime powers.\nEvery whole number after 1 can be represented as a unique multiplication of prime numbers. This is called a prime factorization. For example, 10 is 2 * 5, 12 is 2 * 2 * 3, 14 is 2 * 7, etc. We can take advantage of this fact to give each infinite bus of infinite people a room.\nFirst, we take out everybody currently in the hotel, and add them as another group in the infinite groups. They will be given new rooms later.\nNext, we give each infinite group a prime number. The first group has the first prime number, the second group has the second prime number, and so on. We'll call this number formula_1.\nThen, inside each group, we give each infinite person a number, starting at 0. The first person in every group has 0, the second person in every group has 1, and so on. We'll call this number formula_2.\nNow, every person has two numbers to describe them. For example, the third person in the seventh group has (17, 2), the eightieth person in the fourth group has (7, 79), etc. These numbers are completely unique; each pair can only apply to one person. Therefore, we can use these pairs to give each person a room.\nWe'll do this by taking formula_1, and multiplying it by itself formula_2 times. In other words, we'll calculate formula_5. The result of this calculation will be the room number for the passenger with any value of formula_1 and formula_2. For example, the passenger with (2, 5) will get room 16, the passenger with (7, 0) will get room 7, the passenger with (17, 1) will get room 289, etc.\nThis works for two reasons. First, each person's pair is unique to them, and is never repeated for any other person. Second, we use exponentiation, an anti-commutative math operation, to calculate the room numbers, which ensures that two reverse pairs\u2014e.g. (7, 2) and (2, 7)\u2014do not result in the same room number.\nInfinite groups of infinite groups of infinite guests.\nImagine an infinite amount of airplanes, each containing an infinite amount of busses, each containing an infinite amount of people, arrive at the hotel. Again, there are many ways to make this work.\nPrime powers.\nWe can easily extend the prime powers method from before to make this work. We'll assign each airplane a prime number formula_8, each bus a prime number formula_9, and each person a natural number formula_2. Then, every person will be given the room with the number formula_11. For example, the third person in the third bus in the third airplane will get room 125.\nFurther layers of infinity.\nInfinite aircraft carriers of the same infinite vehicles.\nAddress 4-7-7-4 goes to room 4774.\nInfinite spacecraft of the same infinite aircraft carriers..\nAddress 0-1 (hotel dweller) stays because 1-0-0-0-1 moves to room 10,001.\nand so on.\nInfinite layers of nesting.\nEach pod holds 10 people.\nEach megapod holds 10 pods. (100 people)\nEach supermegapod holds 10 megapods. (1,000 people)\nEach superdupermegapod holds 10 supermegapods.\nEach ultrasuperdupermegapod holds 10 superdupermegapod.\nEach ultrasuperduperubermegapod holds 10 ultrasuperdupermegapods. (1,000,000 people)\nAnd so on.\nThis assumes that there is never an infinitieth layer. (The main ship)\nAnalysis.\nHilbert's paradox is a veridical paradox: it leads to a counter-intuitive result that is provably true. The statements \"there is a guest to every room\" and \"no more guests can be accommodated\" are not equivalent when there are infinitely many rooms. An analogous situation is presented in Cantor's diagonal proof.\nAt first, this state of affairs might seem to be counter-intuitive. The properties of \"infinite collections of things\" are quite different from those of \"finite collections of things\". The paradox of Hilbert's Grand Hotel can be understood by using Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers. In an ordinary (finite) hotel with more than one room, the number of odd-numbered rooms is obviously smaller than the total number of rooms. However, in Hilbert's aptly named Grand Hotel, the quantity of odd-numbered rooms is not smaller than the total \"number\" of rooms. In mathematical terms, the cardinality of the subset containing the odd-numbered rooms is the same as the cardinality of the set of all rooms. Indeed, infinite sets are characterized as sets that have proper subsets of the same cardinality. For countable sets (sets with the same cardinality as the natural numbers) this cardinality is formula_12.\nPut differently, for any countably infinite set, there exists a bijective function which maps the countably infinite set to the set of natural numbers, even if the countably infinite set contains the natural numbers. For example, the set of rational numbers\u2014those numbers which can be written as a quotient of integers\u2014contains the natural numbers as a subset, but is no bigger than the set of natural numbers since the rationals are countable: there is a bijection from the naturals to the rationals."}
+{"id": "69125", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69125", "title": "Natural numbers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69126", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69126", "title": "Real numbers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69128", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69128", "title": "Rational numbers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69129", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69129", "title": "Negative numbers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69132", "revid": "9662194", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69132", "title": "Opposite number", "text": "In mathematics, the opposite or inverse of a number formula_1 is an additive or a subtractive number formula_2 which, when added to formula_1, results in 0. The opposite of formula_4 is formula_5. For example, \u22127 is the opposite of 7, because formula_6. \nDefinition.\nA number formula_7 is called an opposite or inverse number of another number formula_8 if formula_9. By definition, formula_10 is the opposite number of formula_7. For example, formula_12 is the opposite number of formula_13 and vice-versa. This is because formula_14\nProperties.\nThe opposite numbers satisfy the properties listed below.\nReferences.\n "}
+{"id": "69133", "revid": "11600", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69133", "title": "Additive inverse", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69134", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69134", "title": "Nth root", "text": "An \"n\"-th root of a number \"r\" is a number which, if \"n\" copies are multiplied together, makes \"r\". It is also called a radical or a radical expression. It is a number \"k\" for which the following equation is true:\nWe write the nth root of \"r\" as formula_3. If \"n\" is 2, then the radical expression is a square root. If it is 3, it is a cube root. Other values of n are referred to using ordinal numbers, such as \"fourth root\" and \"tenth root\".\nFor example, formula_4 because formula_5. The 8 in that example is called the radicand, the 3 is called the index, and the check-shaped part is called the radical symbol or radical sign.\nRoots and powers can be changed as shown in formula_6.\nThe product property of a radical expression is the statement that formula_7. The quotient property of a radical expression is the statement formula_8. b != 0.\nSimplifying.\nThis is an example of how to simplify a radical.\nIf two radicals are the same, they can be combined. This is when both of the indexes and radicands are the same.\nThis is how to find the perfect square and rationalize the denominator."}
+{"id": "69142", "revid": "9755346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69142", "title": "Isle of Portland", "text": "The Isle of Portland is an island in Dorset in the south of England. Portland is south of the resort of Weymouth. 13,000 people live there. It is where the famous Portland limestone was originally found.\nIn 2012, the sailing in the Olympics took place on Portland and in Weymouth."}
+{"id": "69143", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69143", "title": "Weymouth, Dorset", "text": "Weymouth is a resort town in Dorset on the south coast of England. 52,000 people live in the town. Thousands of tourists have holidays there, because it is by the sea. In summer it is sometimes sunny and warm and there is lots to do. The sailing in the 2012 Summer Olympics were held in Weymouth and on the Isle of Portland nearby."}
+{"id": "69145", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69145", "title": "Chrysanthemum", "text": "Chrysanthemums are a genus (\"Chrysanthemum\") of about 30 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, from Asia and northeast Europe."}
+{"id": "69146", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69146", "title": "Chrysanthemums", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69147", "revid": "10183964", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69147", "title": "Flagship", "text": "A flagship is the ship used by the officer who commanded a group of naval ships. The term comes from the custom of the commanding officer to fly a special flag to show he was present.\nUsed in this way, \"flagship\" is normally a temporary name; the flagship is wherever the officer is flying his flag. However, admirals have always needed a special place; a meeting room large enough to hold all the captains of the fleet, and a place for the admiral's staff to make plans and draw up orders.\nOver the years, the term \"flagship\" has been borrowed by other industries. These include broadcasting, automobiles, cell phones, and others to mean their core products or services."}
+{"id": "69149", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69149", "title": "Rubbish", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69150", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69150", "title": "Junk", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69151", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69151", "title": "Eurasian magpie", "text": "The Eurasian magpie or common magpie (\"Pica pica\") is a bird that lives in Europe, much of Asia, and northwest Africa. It is one of several birds in the crow family named as magpies.\nIn Europe, \"magpie\" is used by English speakers to call the European magpie; it is the only magpie in Europe outside the Iberian Peninsula. "}
+{"id": "69153", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69153", "title": "Neo-Nazi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69154", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69154", "title": "Neonazism", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69155", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69155", "title": "Neonazi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69157", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69157", "title": "Sui generis", "text": "Sui generis (pronounced or ) is a term from Latin. It can be translated to \"Of (his/her/its) own kind\". It basically means that something has VERY special characteristics. They are so special, that the thing cannot really be compared to anything else. It is used in various contexts. The term was invented by philosophers. What they originally wanted to say was that an idea is so specific as to be unique, that it cannot really be part of a broader concept.\nLaw.\nWhen lawyers talk about something being \"sui generis\", they mean that something is unique. It cannot be compared. With intellectual property, a design can be \"sui generis\".\nPolitical sciences.\nThe European Union is something that has come to be in the last few years. In some ways it is like state in others like a confederation of states or an international organisation. It is mostly classified as \"sui generis\".\nSociology.\nIn the sociology of Emile Durkheim, \"sui generis\" is used to illustrate his theories on social existence. He says that society, as it was there before any living individual was born, is independent of all individuals. His \"sui generis\" (its closest English meaning in this sense being 'independent') society will furthermore continue its existence after the individual ceases to interact with it.\nExamples in media.\nMeryl Streep was praised in a \"Wall Street Journal\" review of \"The Devil Wears Prada\": \"(her) pitch-perfect portrayal of Miranda is \"sui generis\", with a dramatic existence of its own, as unique and memorable as, say, a Bette Davis character.\"\nMartin Kettle in \"The Guardian\" said about hung parliaments: \"Each is \"sui generis\", dependent on the particular parliamentary arithmetic, inter-party momentum and surrounding political circumstances.\"\n\"Slate\" has used the term several times; one article discussed the unique variations of French Rose Champagne: \"Grower Champagnes are wines made by small farmers in the Champagne region who, bucking convention, choose to craft their own wines rather than sell their grapes to the major Champagne houses. Typical of farmer fizzes, the grower ros\u00e9s are utterly \"sui generis\"\u2014in a few cases almost freakishly so.\"\nA CNN \"The Marquee\" post said about James Brown, \"I can't even begin to talk about his importance. He was \"sui generis\".\"\nPolitical commentator Dick Morris referred to the intense public interest in the 2008 US Presidential race as \"clearly sui generis, and anything can happen.\""}
+{"id": "69159", "revid": "9336355", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69159", "title": "Regular polygon", "text": "A regular polygon is a shape that can be drawn on a flat surface. It has sides that are all the same length, and its angles are all the same. In other words, a polygon which is both equilateral (which means all its sides have the same length) and equiangular (which means that all its angles are the same) is a regular polygon. It always has the same number of edges and points.\nA polygon is also convex if there aren't any two points within it that can't be connected with a straight line, where the entire straight line is also in it. An example of a concave shape is a five-pointed star. It's concave because you can connect two of the points of a star with a straight line, and most of the straight line doesn't go through the star. If a five-pointed star is both equilateral and equiangular, it is also a regular polygon, but it isn't a convex one. All regular concave polygons are stars.\nExamples.\nThe simplest examples of regular convex polygons are:\nPolygons with more sides look more like circles. A polygon with an infinite number of sides is called an apeirogon. Polygons can be described in text by a special symbol called a Schl\u00e4fli symbol. This symbol is written as curly brackets, with some numbers inside it, like {3}. {3} is a triangle. The number inside can also be a fraction. A Schl\u00e4fli symbol of {5/2} is a five-pointed star.\nProperties.\nMost mathematical objects have things that can be said about them that are always true. These are called properties. All polygons (convex and star polygons) can be rotated in place by some angle and still look the same\u2014in other words, they're all rotationally symmetric. For example, a square could be rotated a quarter turn, and it would look the same as before. Another way of seeing this property is that any polygon can have a circle drawn around it, touching all its points, and the polygon's points are evenly spaced around the circle. A polygon can also have a circle drawn inside it, touching all its edges (but not overlapping), and the places where the circle touches the polygon are also evenly spaced. The centers of the two circles drawn are in the same place. This proves that a regular polygon is rotationally symmetric.\nThe circle outside the polygon is called circumscribed, and the circle inside the polygon is called inscribed. Any polygon where a circle circumscribes all its points is called a cyclic polygon. All regular polygons are cyclic, but not all cyclic polygons are regular."}
+{"id": "69160", "revid": "537230", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69160", "title": "Uneven number", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69161", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69161", "title": "HH", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69162", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69162", "title": "John F Kennedy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69163", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69163", "title": "Straightedge and compass construction", "text": "Straightedge and compass construction, also known as ruler-and-compass construction, is drawing of lengths, angles or shapes using only a ruler and compass. \nSome things cannot be drawn this way. For example, there are only 32 regular polygons with an uneven number of sides which are known to be constructible. It has been proven that a square with the same area as the area of a circle cannot be constructed. This is called \"Squaring the circle\"."}
+{"id": "69164", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69164", "title": "Compass and straightedge", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69165", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69165", "title": "Chirp", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69166", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69166", "title": "Kemal Ataturk", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69167", "revid": "9305715", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69167", "title": "Carnation", "text": "A carnation is a type of flower. It has been grown for so many years, yet we are not aware where it came from."}
+{"id": "69169", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69169", "title": "Edward Kennedy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69170", "revid": "1476056", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69170", "title": "Air Force One", "text": "Air Force One is the official air traffic control call sign aircraft carrying the president of the United States. Air Force One is usually always referred to any aircraft the president and his staff travels on. The official name of the plane is the SAM 2900 and VC-25.\nAir Force One is one of the most recognizable symbols of the presidency not just in American culture but across the world. Emblazoned with the words \u201cUnited States of America,\u201d the United States flag, and the Seal of the President of the United States. Air Force One has an undeniable and amired presence wherever it goes and flies to.\nHistory.\nAir Force One is maintained and operated by the Presidential Airlift Group, part of the White House Military Office. The Airlift Group was founded in 1944 as the Presidential Pilot Office at the direction of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.\nFor the next 15 years, various propeller-driven aircraft served until President Dwight D. Eisenhower flew to Europe aboard VC-137A, a Boeing 707 Stratoliner, in August 1959.\nIn 1962, President John F. Kennedy became the first president to fly in a jet specifically built for presidential use a modified Boeing 707 until it retired in 1990.\nThe current presidential aircraft, Boeing 747-200B, became the new and modified presidential plane in 1990, when President George H.W. Bush became the first president to ride on the aircraft."}
+{"id": "69172", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69172", "title": "Slovak Republic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69174", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69174", "title": "Incubus", "text": "In the Middle Ages, people in Europe believed that Incubi (one Incubus, several Incubi) were male demons. There were also female demons, called succubi. They lay on sleeping people, to have sexual intercourse with them. They would also do this to make other incubi. While they had sex with their victim, they drained its energy to sustain themselves. Sometimes, having sex with an incubus may result in a child, as in the legend of Merlin. Some sources say that the incubus may be identified by its unnaturally cold penis. Religious tradition holds that repeated intercourse with such a spirit by either males or females may result in bad health, or even death.\nOrigins of the legends.\nPeople have come up with different explanations for the incubus legends. In the Middle Ages, people worried a lot about sin, especially sexual sins of women. Victims may have been experiencing waking dreams or sleep paralysis. Also, nocturnal arousal, orgasm or nocturnal emission could be explained by the idea of creatures causing an otherwise guilt-producing and self-conscious behavior. The influence of incubi could also have been used to explain how pregnancies happen outside marriage; such pregnancies were often \"unexplainable\".and unnoticed \nVictims who claimed to have fallen prey to the influence of incubi, could in reality have been victims of sexual assault by a real person. Rapists may have attributed the rapes of sleeping women to demons in order to escape punishment. A friend or relative may have assaulted the victim in her sleep. The victims and, in some cases the clergy, may have found it easier to explain the attack as supernatural in origin rather than confront the idea that the attack came from a trusted person.\nAncient and religious descriptions.\nOne of the earliest mentions of an incubus comes from Mesopotamia on the Sumerian kings' list, ca. 2400, where the hero Gilgamesh's father is listed as Lilu (Lila). It is said that Lilu disturbs and seduces women in their sleep, while Lilitu, a female demon, appears to men in their erotic dreams. Two other demons appear as well: Ardat lili visits men by night and bears ghostly children from them. Irdu lili, is the male counterpart to Ardat lili. He visits women by night. These demons were originally storm demons. Because the etymology was interpreted wrongly, they were later seen as night demons. Also considered to be vampires which is another form of a demon that is said to drink blood from its victims.\nIncubi and succubi were said by some not to be different sexes, but the same demon able to change its sex. A succubus would be able to sleep with a man and collect his sperm, and then transform into an incubus and use that seed on women. Their offspring were thought to be supernatural in many cases, even if the actual genetic material originally came from humans.\nMany tales claim that the incubus is bisexual, but some indicate that it is strictly heterosexual and finds attacking a male victim either unpleasant or detrimental. There are also many stories involving the attempted exorcism of incubi or succubi who have taken refuge in the bodies of men or women.\nIncubi are sometimes said to be able to conceive children. The half-human offspring of such a union is sometimes referred to as a cambion. The most famous legend of such a case includes that of Merlin, the famous wizard from Arthurian legend.\nAccording to the \"Malleus Maleficarum\", exorcism is one of the five ways to overcome the attacks of Incubi, the others being Sacramental Confession, the Sign of the Cross (or recital of the Angelic Salutation), moving the afflicted to another location, and by excommunication of the attacking entity, \"which is perhaps the same as exorcism.\" On the other hand, the Franciscan friar Ludovico Maria Sinistrari stated that incubi \"do not obey exorcists, have no dread of exorcisms, show no reverence for holy things, at the approach of which they are not in the least overawed.\""}
+{"id": "69179", "revid": "1668327", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69179", "title": "Commonwealth realm", "text": "A Commonwealth realm is a country in the Commonwealth of Nations which has King Charles III as monarch. They include his home country of the United Kingdom and many of its former colonies or territories. As of 2023, there are 15 commonwealth realms:\nIn each of the countries outside the UK, the King appoints a Governor-General to represent him, who, after consulting with the government of the realm, has all of the powers and duties of the Monarch. Usually the Governor-General signs all acts of parliament into law, but can wait and ask the King for advice or wait for him to sign the act himself. This happened in 1982 when Queen Elizabeth signed the important \"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms\" during a visit to Ottawa, and the Australia Act 1986 in Canberra. \nSome realms became republics; Barbados changed from being a realm to a republic in 2021.\nAlthough King Charles III is monarch of many countries, the British government has no power in the other realms, just as the governments of the other realms have no power in the UK. This is why each realm decides on the Monarch's official title. Usually it is \"Queen/King of (realm) and Her/His other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth\". But two countries mention the UK in their title for the Queen: Grenada uses \"Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth\", while Canada uses the old-fashioned form, which reads \"by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.\" Not all countries use the title \"Defender of the Faith\"."}
+{"id": "69180", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69180", "title": "Pen-name", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69181", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69181", "title": "Commonwealth Realm", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69182", "revid": "10339967", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69182", "title": "Dashiki", "text": "A Dashiki is a loose fitting, brightly coloured garment associated with African culture. It is also associated with the counterculture of the 1960s in the United States. The most popular styles cover the top half of the body. It originated in West Africa. A common form is a loose-fitting pullover garment, with an ornate V-shaped collar. It often has an embroidered neck and sleeve lines. There are both casual and formal versions.\nHistory.\nThe term \"dashiki\" comes from the Yoruba language, where it originally referred to a loose-fitting pullover developed in West Africa as a practical work tunic for men. The Yoruba word \"dashiki\" itself is derived from the Hausa term \"dan ciki,\" which means shirt. Dashikis were worn by both men and women. This garment keeps the wearer cool in the hot African climate. The dashiki was worn as a work shirt in the shorter version. \n1960s US counterculture.\nThe dashiki became popular in the hippie culture of the 1960s. Peace Corps members returning from Africa brought back dashikis. African diplomats to the United Nations in New York were often seen and photographed wearing colorful dashikis. Dashikis were seen as a symbol of support for black racial struggles. Groups like the Black Panthers wore the Dashiki as a symbol of their black heritage. The Afro hairstyle, faded blue jeans and the Dashiki were all popular expressions of the Black is beautiful cultural movement.\nMusical groups.\nMany of the rock groups of the 60s and 70s wore Dashikis. But black performers of the 60s 70s preferred the more conventional suit and tie look. But in the 80s several black groups wore the dashiki to show their heritage. One South African vocal group, 'Ladysmith Black Mambazo', wore dashikis extensively. This identified them more as Africans than Zulus."}
+{"id": "69188", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69188", "title": "Colorado Avalanche", "text": "The Colorado Avalanche are an American ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They play their home games at Ball Arena in Denver, Colorado. They play in the Central Division of the Western Conference. The team has won the Stanley Cup championship three times: in 1996, 2001, and in 2022."}
+{"id": "69189", "revid": "1430335", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69189", "title": "Battle of Midway", "text": "The Battle of Midway was an important naval battle of World War II, between the United States and the Empire of Japan. It took place from 4 June 1942 to 7 June 1942. This was about a month after the Battle of the Coral Sea, and six months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.\nThe United States Navy defeated a Japanese attack against Midway Atoll (northwest of Hawaii) and destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers and a heavy cruiser.\nThe battle was a decisive victory for the Americans. It was the most important naval battle of the Pacific area in World War II. The battle weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy for the rest of the war. Japan could not build up its forces again. The United States replaced their lost ships and planes with better ones very quickly. Japan could only make a few poor quality replacements.\nThe Japanese planned to bring America's carriers into a trap and sink them. The Japanese also tried to take Midway Atoll to build defenses far from their homeland and prepare to invade Fiji, Samoa, and Hawaii.\nThe Midway operation, like the attack on Pearl Harbor, was made to destroy the American strength in the Pacific Ocean. This way, Japan could become the biggest power in the area and unify Asia under its control. It was also hoped that another defeat would force the U.S. to ask for peace soon.\nAfter the defeat, Imperial Japanese Navy forces retired. Japan lost four out of their six carriers, and hundreds of their best air pilots. This stopped the expansion of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific, and the Americans began to slowly advance towards Japan.\nBackground.\nJapan had reached its first goals quickly, taking the Philippines, Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). This gave Japan petroleum, which it needed to make more war. Planning for a second part of the operations started in January 1942. However, disagreements between the Imperial Army and Imperial Navy, and among naval commanders, prevented finishing the plan until April 1942. Admiral Yamamoto said he would quit if his plan for the Central Pacific was not accepted. It was accepted.\nYamamoto's main goal was to destroy America's carrier forces, which he saw as the main threat to the Pacific campaign. This concern was increased by the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942. In this raid, 16 US Army Air Forces B-25 Mitchell bombers launched from bombed targets in Tokyo and several other Japanese cities. The raid, while militarily unimportant, showed that American bombers could reach Japanese territory. This and other successful raids by American carriers showed that they were still a threat.\nYamamoto thought that another attack on the U.S Naval base at Pearl Harbor would make all of the American fleet to sail out to fight, including the carriers. However, because of the many American land-based airplanes on Hawaii, he thought that it was too risky to attack directly. Instead, he decided to attack Midway, a tiny atoll at the northwest end of the Hawaiian Island chain, approximately from Oahu. The Japanese didn't need Midway but they felt the Americans would try hard to defend it.\nThe U.S. did consider Midway to be important. After the battle, they set up a submarine base on Midway. That meant submarines operating from Pearl Harbor could refuel and get new supplies, so they could go farther west. Midway's airstrips were also used for bomber attacks on Wake Island.\nYamamoto's plan: Operation MI.\nLike most Japanese naval planning during World War II, Yamamoto's battle plan was very complex. His was also based on incorrect (wrong) information. He thought that and were the only carriers available to the U.S. Pacific Fleet. In May 1942, during the Battle of the Coral Sea, had been sunk and so badly damaged that the Japanese thought she had been sunk. The Japanese also knew that was being repaired on the US West Coast after getting torpedo damage from a submarine. and were in the Atlantic, but the Japanese were not sure this was so.\nYamamoto thought that the Americans had been demoralized by their defeats in the last six months. He thought a trick would lure the U.S. fleet into a dangerous situation. He spread out his ships, especially his battleships, so that they would be hard to find. Yamamoto's battleships and cruisers went behind Vice-Admiral Ch\u016bichi Nagumo's carrier force by several hundred miles. Japan's heavy surface forces would wait for the U.S. ships to come to defend Midway, and destroy them.\nThe plan was for Nagumo's carriers to cause so much harm to US ships that the Japanese could fire on them by daylight.\nYamamoto did not know that the U.S. had broken the main Japanese naval code. Yamamoto's choice to spread out his ships meant that none of his groups of ships could support each other. The only warships larger than the 12 destroyers that protected Nagumo's fleet were two battleships, two heavy cruisers, and one light cruiser.\nAleutian invasion.\nThe Japanese attacks in the Aleutian Islands (Operation AL) took away yet more ships that could have attacked Midway. Many histories once saw the Aleutians attack as a feint to draw American forces away. Early twenty-first century research shows that AL was supposed to be launched at the same time as the attack on Midway. However, a one-day delay in the sailing of Nagumo's ships resulted in Operation AL beginning a day before the Midway attack.\nPrelude to battle.\nAmerican reinforcements.\nTo battle with an enemy expected to have four or five carriers, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas, needed every U.S. carrier he could get. He already had Vice Admiral William Halsey's two-carrier (\"Enterprise\" and \"Hornet\") force. Halsey was sick with psoriasis and had to be replaced by Rear Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. Nimitz also called back Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher's force, including the carrier \"Yorktown\" (which had major damage at Coral Sea), from the South West Pacific Area. It reached Pearl Harbor just in time to sail.\nThe damaged \"Yorktown\" however, was not completely crippled. The Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard worked all day and all night, and in 72\u00a0hours she was ready to battle for two or three weeks. Her flight deck was patched, sections of internal frames were replaced, and several squadrons of aircraft were taken from \"Saratoga\". The pilots did not get time to train. Repairs on Yorktown continued even as she sailed out.\nOn Midway, by 4 June the USN had stationed four groups of PBYs\u201431 aircraft in total\u2014for long-range reconnaissance duties, and six new Grumman TBF-1 Avengers. The Avengers were taken from \"Hornet\"s VT-8. The Marine Corps had 19 Douglas SBD Dauntlesses, seven Grumman F4F-3 Wildcats, 17 Vought SB2U-3 Vindicators, and 21 Brewster F2A-3s. The USAAF sent a group of 17 B-17 Flying Fortresses and eight B-26 Marauders with torpedoes: in total 126 aircraft.\nJapanese shortcomings.\nDuring the Battle of the Coral Sea one month earlier, the Japanese light carrier \"Sh\u014dh\u014d\" had been sunk and the fleet carrier had three bomb hits, and was in drydock undergoing repairs. Although the carrier was undamaged, she had lost almost half her airplanes and was in port in Kure awaiting new planes and pilots. No new pilots were available because none had been trained. Flight instructors were used in an effort to make up the missing aircrew.\nJapan's two most advanced aircraft carriers were not available and Admiral Nagumo would therefore have only four fleet carriers: and ; and . At least part of this was due to overwork; Japanese carriers had been constantly operating since 7 December 1941, including raids on Darwin and Colombo.\nThe main Japanese carrier-based aircraft were the Aichi D3A1 dive bomber and the Nakajima B5N2, which was used either as a torpedo bomber or as a bomber. However, production of the D3A had been reduced, while production of the B5N had been stopped. None were available to replace losses. In addition many of the aircraft being used during the June 1942 operations had been operating since late November 1941; many were almost worn out and had become increasingly unreliable. These factors meant that all carriers of the \"Kido Butai\" had fewer aircraft than normal and there were not enough spare aircraft or parts. I\nJapan's main carrier fighter was the fast Mitsubishi A6M2 \"Zero\".\nJapanese scouting before the battle was disorganized. A line of Japanese submarines was late getting into position. This let the American carriers reach their meeting point northeast of Midway (known as \"Point Luck\") without being found by the subs. A second attempt at scouting, using four-engine Kawanishi H8K flying boats to fly to Pearl Harbor prior to the battle and see whether the American carriers were there did not work out because Japanese subs could not refuel the planes. Japan did not know where the American carriers were before the battle.\nJapanese radios did pick up more American submarine activity and messages. Yamamoto knew this before the battle, but Japanese plans were not changed. Yamamoto, at sea on , assumed that Nagumo had received the same message from Tokyo, and he did not send the message, because he did not want the US to hear the message. Nagumo's radio antennas could not get the message from Tokyo.\nAllied code-breaking.\nAdmiral Nimitz had one advantage: code experts had broken the Japanese Navy's JN-25b code. Since the early spring of 1942, the US had been decoding messages stating that there would soon be an operation at objective \"AF\". They guessed that it was Midway and sent an uncoded radio message that Midway needed fresh water. The code breakers then picked up a Japanese message that \"AF was short on water.\" was also able to determine the date of the attack as either 4 or 5 June, and to tell Nimitz exactly which Japanese ships were coming. Japan had a new codebook, but it was not used for several days. The new code, which had not yet been figured out, was used shortly before the attack began, but the important information had already been figured out.\nAmericans knew where, when, and in what strength the Japanese would arrive at Midway. Nimitz knew that the Japanese had ruined their advantage in number of ships by dividing their ships into four groups, all too separated to be able to support each other. Nimitz calculated that the aircraft on his three carriers, plus those on Midway Island, gave the U.S. rough parity with Yamamoto's four carriers, mainly because American carrier air groups were larger than Japanese ones. The Japanese, by contrast, remained almost totally unaware of their opponent's true strength and dispositions even after the battle began.\nBattle.\nInitial air attacks.\nAt about 09:00 on 3 June, a US Navy patrol plane spotted the Japanese Occupation Force to the west-southwest of Midway. Three hours later, the Americans found the Japanese transport group to the west. They attacked, but none of the bombs hit and no major damage resulted. Early the following morning the Japanese oil tanker \"Akebono Maru\" was hit by a torpedo from an attacking PBY. This was the only successful air-launched torpedo attack by the U.S. during the entire battle.\nAt 04:30 on 4 June, Nagumo launched his attack on Midway. It consisted of 36 dive bombers 36 torpedo bombers, escorted by 36 Mitsubishi Zero fighters. At the same time he launched a defensive combat air patrol. His eight search planes launched 30\u00a0minutes late.\nJapanese reconnaissance plans were poor, with too few aircraft to cover the search areas. Yamamoto's decisions had now become a serious problem.\nAs Nagumo's bombers and fighters were taking off, 11 PBYs were leaving Midway to search for Japanese ships. They reported sighting two Japanese carriers with empty decks, which meant an air strike was on its way. American radar picked up the enemy at a distance of several miles, and planes were sent off to defend Midway. Bombers headed off to attack the Japanese carrier fleet. US fighters remained behind to defend Midway. At 06:20 Japanese carrier aircraft bombed and heavily damaged the U.S. base. Midway-based Marine fighter pilots, flying F4Fs and obsolescent F2As, intercepted the Japanese and had many losses. Most of the U.S. planes were shot down in the first few minutes; several were damaged, and only two could fly. In all, 3 F4Fs and 13 F2As were shot down. American anti-aircraft fire was accurate damaging many Japanese aircraft and destroying four.\nOf the 108 Japanese aircraft involved in this attack, 11 were destroyed, 14 were heavily damaged, and 29 were damaged. The initial Japanese attack did not destroy Midway: American bombers could still use the airbase to refuel and attack the Japanese invasion force. Most of Midway's land-based defenses were intact. Another air attack to destroy Midway's defences would be necessary if troops were to be able to go ashore by 7 June.\nAmerican bombers based on Midway made several attacks on the Japanese carrier fleet. These included six Grumman Avengers from the s VT-8 (Midway was the first combat mission for the VT-8 airmen, and it was the first combat of the TBF), Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron 241 (VMSB-241), consisting of eleven SB2U-3s and sixteen SBDs, plus four USAAF B-26s, armed with torpedoes, and fifteen B-17s. The Japanese fought off these attacks. The US lost two fighters, five TBFs, two SB2Us, eight SBDs and two B-26s.\nOne B-26, after being seriously damaged by anti-aircraft fire, dove straight toward the \"Akagi\". The plane just missed the carrier's bridge, which could have killed Nagumo and his command staff. This may have made Nagumo decide to launch another attack on Midway, against Yamamoto's order to keep the reserve force for anti-ship operations.\nNagumo's decision.\nAdmiral Nagumo had kept half of his aircraft in reserve. These were two squadrons of dive bombers and torpedo bombers. At 07:15 Nagumo ordered his reserve planes to be re-armed with bombs for use against land targets. At 07:40 a scout plane from \"Tone\" saw a big American naval force to the east. It seems that Nagumo did not receive the report until 08:00. Nagumo reversed his order, but it took 40\u00a0minutes before \"Tone\"'s scout finally radioed that there was a carrier in the American force. This was one of the carriers from TF 16; the other carrier was not sighted.\nNagumo was now unsure of what to do. Rear Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi recommended that Nagumo strike with the forces at hand: 18 Aichi D3A dive bombers each on \"S\u014dry\u016b\" and \"Hiry\u016b\", and half the cover patrol aircraft. Nagumo's opportunity to hit the American ships, however, was now limited. The Midway strike force would be returning shortly and needed to land or crash into the sea. Because of the constant flight deck activity, the Japanese did not get their reserve planes on the flight deck for launch. The few aircraft that were ready were defensive Fighter aircraft. Launching aircraft would have required at least 30 to 45\u00a0minutes. By launching right away, Nagumo would be using some of his reserve without proper anti-ship weapons. He had just seen how easily unescorted American bombers had been shot down. Poor discipline caused many of the Japanese bombers to get rid of their bombs and attempt to fight intercepting F4Fs. Japanese carrier rules preferred full strikes, and since Nagumo did not know the American force included a carrier, his response followed Japanese rules. In addition, the arrival of another American air strike at 07:53 made Nagumo want to attack the island again. Nagumo decided to wait for his first strike force to land, then launch the reserve, which would by then be armed and ready.\nFletcher's carriers had launched their planes beginning at 07:00, so the aircraft that attacked Nagumo were already on their way. There was nothing Nagumo could do about it. This was the flaw with Yamamoto's plans.\nAttacks on the Japanese fleet.\nThe Americans had already launched their carrier aircraft against the Japanese. Admiral Fletcher, in command aboard \"Yorktown\", and having PBY sighting reports from the early morning, ordered an attack on the Japanese as soon as possible. He held \"Yorktown\" in reserve in case any other Japanese carriers were found. (Fletcher's directions to Spruance were sent by Nimitz, who had remained ashore.)\nSpruance thought that even though the range was far, an attack could succeed. He gave the order to launch the attack at around 06:00. Fletcher, upon completing his own scouting flights, followed at 08:00 from \"Yorktown\".\nAdmiral Fletcher, commanding the \"Yorktown\" task force, along with Captain Elliott Buckmaster,\"Yorktown\"s commanding officer, and their staffs had experience in doing a full strike against an enemy force in the Coral Sea. But they could not pass on what they had learned to \"Enterprise\" and \"Hornet\" which were ordered to launch the first strike. Spruance ordered the aircraft to go to the target right away, since destroying enemy carriers was important to the safety of his ships. Spruance decided it was more important to attack as soon as possible, rather than coordinate the attack by aircraft of different types and speeds (fighters, bombers, and torpedo bombers). American squadrons went to the target in several different groups. He hoped that he would find Nagumo with his flight decks full of planes.\nAmerican carrier aircraft had difficulty locating the target. The strike from \"Hornet\", led by Commander Stanhope C. Ring, did not fly in the right direction. Air Group Eight's dive bombers missed the Japanese carriers. Torpedo Squadron 8 flew in the correct direction. However, the 10 F4Fs from \"Hornet\" had run out of fuel and had to crash into the ocean. Waldron's squadron saw the enemy carriers and began attacking at 09:20, followed by Torpedo Squadron 6 (VT-6, from \"Enterprise\") whose Wildcat fighter escorts also ran low on fuel and had to turn back at 09:40. Without fighter escort, all fifteen TBD Devastators of VT-8 were shot down without being able to do any damage, with Ensign George Gay the only survivor. VT-6 lost 10 of their 14 Devastators, and 10 of \"Yorktown's\" VT-3's 12 Devastators were shot down with no hits. Part of the problem was the poor performance of the Mark 13 torpedoes. Senior Navy and Bureau of Ordnance officers never asked why six torpedoes, released so close to the Japanese carriers, produced no hits. The Japanese combat air patrol, flying Mitsubishi A6M2 Zeros shot down the unescorted, slow, under-armed TBDs. A few TBDs managed to get close enough to drop their torpedoes and shoot their machine guns at the enemy ships. This made the Japanese carriers to make sharp turns. The TBD Devastator was never again used in combat.\nDespite their failure to get any hits, the American torpedo attacks made the Japanese carriers unable to prepare and launch their own strike. They also pulled the Japanese combat air patrol (CAP) out of position. As well, many Zeros ran low on ammunition and fuel. The appearance of a third torpedo plane attack from the southeast by Torpedo Squadron 3 (VT-3 from \"Yorktown\") at 10:00 made the Japanese CAP fly to the southeast corner of the fleet. Better discipline and using more Zeroes for the CAP might have enabled Nagumo to prevent the damage caused by the coming American attacks.\nThree squadrons of SBDs from \"Enterprise\" and \"Yorktown\" (VB-6, VS-6 and VB-3, respectively) were approaching from the southwest and northeast. The two squadrons from \"Enterprise\" were running low on fuel because of the time spent looking for the enemy. However, the squadron commander decided to continue the search. He spotted the Japanese destroyer \"Arashi\". It was moving to rejoin Nagumo's carriers after having unsuccessfully depth-charged U.S. submarine . Nautilus had earlier unsuccessfully attacked the battleship . Some bombers were lost from lack of fuel before the attack started.\nMcClusky's decision to continue the search was a great help to the US carrier task force and the forces at Midway. All three American dive-bombers squadrons (VB-6, VS-6 and VB-3) arrived at the right time to attack. Most of the Japanese CAP were looking for the torpedo planes. Armed Japanese strike aircraft filled the hangar decks, fuel hoses lay on the decks and bombs and torpedoes were near the hangars, making the Japanese carriers very at risk of being damaged.\nBeginning at 10:22, the two squadrons of \"Enterprise\"s air group split up and attacked two targets. By accident, both groups attacked the \"Kaga\". Lieutenant Commander Richard Halsey Best and two other planes headed north to attack \"Akagi\". Coming under an attack from almost two full squadrons, \"Kaga\" was hit by four or five bombs, which caused heavy damage and starting fires that could not be put out. One of the bombs landed near the bridge, killing most of the senior officers.\nSeveral minutes later, Best and two planes dove on the \"Akagi\". Although \"Akagi\" getting one direct hit (dropped by Lieutenant Commander Best). It struck the deck elevator and went all the way through to the upper hangar deck. It exploded among the armed and fueled aircraft. Another bomb exploded underwater which bent the flight deck and caused rudder damage.\n\"Yorktown\"s VB-3, commanded by Max Leslie, attacked \"S\u014dry\u016b\". They got at least three hits and caused a lot of damage. VT-3 targeted \"Hiry\u016b\", but got no hits.\nWithin six minutes, \"S\u014dry\u016b\" and \"Kaga\" were on fire. \"Akagi\" was also seriously damaged. The Japanese hoped that \"Akagi\" could be saved or towed back to Japan. Eventually, all three carriers were eventually abandoned and sunk.\nJapanese counterattacks.\n\"Hiry\u016b\", the sole surviving Japanese aircraft carrier attacked. \"Hiry\u016b\"'s first attack consisted of 18 dive bombers and six fighter escorts. They followed the retreating American aircraft and attacked the \"Yorktown\", hitting her with three bombs, which blew a hole in the deck, put out her boilers, and destroyed several anti-aircraft guns. Despite the damage, repair teams were able to fix the flight deck and fix several boilers in an hour. Twelve Japanese dive bombers and four escorting fighters were lost in this attack.\nApproximately one hour later, \"Hiry\u016b\"'s second attack was made. It consisted of ten torpedo bombers and six escorting A6Ms. The US repair efforts had been so well done that the Japanese assumed she must be a different, undamaged carrier. In the attack, \"Yorktown\" was struck by two torpedoes; she lost all power and developed a tilt to port, which put her out of action. Admiral Fletcher moved his command staff to the heavy cruiser . Neither of the carriers of Spruance's Task Force 16 was damaged.\nNews of the two strikes, with the reports each had sunk an American carrier (actually \"Yorktown\" in both cases), greatly improved morale in the \"Kido Butai\". Its few surviving aircraft were all recovered aboard \"Hiry\u016b\" where they were prepared for an attack against what was believed to be the only remaining American carrier.\nAmerican counterattack.\nLate in the afternoon, a \"Yorktown\" scout aircraft located \"Hiry\u016b\". \"Enterprise\" launched a strike of dive bombers (including 10 SBDs from \"Yorktown\"). Despite \"Hiry\u016b\" being defended by more than a dozen Zero fighters, the attack by \"Enterprise\" was successful: four, possibly five bombs hit \"Hiry\u016b\", leaving her on fire and unable to operate aircraft. (\"Hornet\"s strike aimed at the escort ships but it did not get any hits.) After hopeless attempts to control the fire, most of the crew remaining on \"Hiry\u016b\" were taken off the ship. The rest of the fleet continued sailing northeast to catch the American carriers. \"Hiry\u016b\" stayed afloat for several more hours. She was discovered by an aircraft from the light carrier \"H\u014dsh\u014d\". This led to hopes she could be saved or towed back to Japan. However, soon after being spotted, \"Hiry\u016b\" sank. Rear Admiral Yamaguchi chose to go down with his ship, costing Japan her best carrier officer.\nAs darkness fell, both sides thought about the situation and made plans for action. Admiral Fletcher had to abandon the \"Yorktown\". He felt he could not command from a cruiser. He gave command to Spruance. Spruance knew the United States had won a great victory, but he was still unsure of what Japanese forces remained. He wanted to protect Midway and his carriers. He followed Nagumo during the day and continued to follow as night fell. Finally, fearing a possible night battle with Japanese ships and believing Yamamoto still intended to invade, Spruance pulled back to the east. He turned back west towards the enemy at midnight. Yamamoto decided to continue the attacks and sent his remaining ships searching eastward for the American carriers. He also sent a cruiser raiding force to bomb the island. The Japanese ships failed to make contact with the Americans due to Spruance's decision to pull back eastward, and Yamamoto ordered a withdrawal to the west. \nSpruance failed to regain contact with Yamamoto's forces on 5 June even though he made many searches. Towards the end of the day he launched an attack on any ships from Nagumo's carrier force. This strike missed Yamamoto's main group of ships. It did not hit a Japanese destroyer. The strike planes returned to the carriers after nightfall. Spruance to ordered \"Enterprise\" and \"Hornet\" to turn on their lights to aid the landings.\nAt 02:15 on the night of 5/6 June, Commander John Murphy's , in the water west of Midway, made the second of the submarine force's major contributions to the battle's outcome. Sighting several ships, neither Murphy nor his executive officer, Ray Spruance, Jr., could identify them. Considering that they might be US ships, Murphy did not fire, but reported the ships to Admiral Robert English, Commander, Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet (COMSUBPAC). This report was sent to Nimitz, who then sent it to Spruance. Spruance assumed this was the invasion force and moved to block it while staying northeast of Midway.\nThe ships sighted by \"Tambor\" were the four cruisers and two destroyers Yamamoto had sent to bomb Midway. At 02:55 these ships received Yamamoto's order to pull back and changed course. At about the same time as the course change, \"Tambor\" was sighted, and to avoid a submarine attack and hit into each other, causing serious damage to \"Mogami\"s bow. The less severely damaged \"Mikuma\" slowed to . This was the most damage any of the 18 submarines deployed for the battle achieved. Only at 04:12 did the sky brighten enough for Murphy to be certain the ships were Japanese, by which time staying surfaced was hazardous, and he dived to approach for an attack. The attack was unsuccessful, and at around 06:00 he finally reported two westbound \"Mogami\"-class cruisers.\nOver the following two days, first Midway and then Spruance's carriers launched several attacks. \"Mikuma\" was sunk by Dauntlesses, while \"Mogami\" survived damage and returned home for repairs. The destroyers \"Arashio\" and \"Asashio\" were also bombed and machine-gunned during the last of these attacks.\nThe \"Yorktown\" was towed by USS \"Vireo\". In the late afternoon of 6 June, however, fired torpedoes; two struck \"Yorktown\", but a third struck and sank destroyer , which had been providing power to \"Yorktown\". \"Hammann\" broke in two with the loss of 80 lives. \"Yorktown\" sank just after 05:00 on 7 June.\nJapanese casualties.\nBy the time the battle ended, 3,057 Japanese had died. Casualties aboard the four carriers were:\n\"Akagi\": 267; \"Kaga\": 811; \"Hiryu\": 392; \"Soryu\": 711; a total of 2,181. The heavy cruisers \"Mikuma\" (sunk; 700 casualties) and \"Mogami\" (badly damaged; 92) accounted for another 792 deaths.\nIn addition, the destroyers \"Arashio\" (bombed; 35) and \"Asashio\" (strafed by aircraft; 21) were both damaged during the air attacks which sank \"Mikuma\" and caused further damage to \"Mogami\". Floatplanes were lost from the cruisers \"Chikuma\" (3) and \"Tone\" (2). Dead aboard the destroyers \"Tanikaze\" (11), \"Arashi\" (1), \"Kazagumo\" (1) and the fleet oiler \"Akebono Maru\" (10) made up the remaining 23 casualties.\nAftermath.\nAfter winning a victory, and as pursuing the Japanese ships became too dangerous near Wake, The American forces pulled back. Spruance pulled back to the east to refuel his destroyers and meet with the carrier \"Saratoga\", which was carrying replacement aircraft. The American carriers eventually returned to Pearl Harbor. Historian Samuel E. Morison wrote in 1949 that Spruance was criticized for not pursuing the retreating Japanese, allowing their fleet to escape. Clay Blair argued in 1975 that had Spruance followed Yamamoto, he would have been unable to launch his aircraft after nightfall, and his cruiser escorts would have been destroyed by Yamamoto's larger and more powerful ships, including the battleship , with 18-inch guns.\nOn 10 June, the Japanese Navy gave an account of the results of the battle that did not tell the whole story. Nagumo's battle report was given to the high command on 15 June. It was intended only for the highest officers in the Japanese Navy and government. It was guarded closely throughout the war. Nagumo stated that the enemy was not aware of our plans. The Japanese public, and much of the military, were not told about the defeat: Japanese news announced a great victory. Only Emperor Hirohito and the highest Navy officers were told about the carrier and pilot losses. Army planners continued to believe that the fleet was in good condition.\nOn the return of the Japanese fleet to Hashirajima on 14 June the wounded were transferred to naval hospitals. Most were called \"secret patients\" and kept away from other patients and their families. The Navy did this to keep this major defeat secret. The remaining officers and men were quickly spread out to other units of the fleet and sent to the South Pacific, where the majority were killed. None of the flag officers or staff of the Combined Fleet was penalized, with Nagumo later being placed in command of the rebuilt carrier force.\nThe Japanese Navy learned some lessons from Midway. Aircraft were refueled and re-armed on the flight deck, rather than in the hangars. All unused fuel lines were drained. The new carriers being built with only two flight deck elevators and new firefighting equipment. More carrier crew members were trained in damage-control and firefighting techniques. The losses later in the war of , ', and ' showed that there were still problems in this area. Replacement pilots went through a short training program, meeting the short-term needs of the fleet. This led to a decline in the quality of training. These inexperienced pilots were sent into front-line units, while the veterans who remained after Midway and the Solomons campaign were kept flying continually. As a result, Japanese naval air groups declined in quality during the war.\nWar crimes.\nThree U.S. airmen, Ensign Wesley Osmus (pilot, \"Yorktown\"), Ensign Frank O'Flaherty (pilot, \"Enterprise\") and Aviation Machinist's Mate B. F. (or B. P.) Bruno Gaido (radioman-gunner of O'Flaherty's SBD) were captured by the Japanese during the battle. Osmus was held on the \"Arashi\", with O'Flaherty and Gaido on the cruiser \"Nagara\" (or destroyer \"Makigumo\", sources vary), and later killed. O'Flaherty and Gaido were tied to five-gallon kerosene cans filled with water and dumped overboard several days after the battle.\nImpact.\nThe Battle of Midway has been called \"the turning point of the Pacific\". However, even after Midway, the Japanese continued to try to get more territory in the South Pacific. The U.S. did not become the more powerful navy until after several more months of hard combat. Midway was the Allies' first major victory against the Japanese.\nHowever, it did not change the course of the war by itself. It was the combined effects of the battles of the Coral Sea and Midway that reduced Japan's ability to do major attacks. In addition Midway helped make US landings on Guadalcanal possible. The prolonged attrition warfare (a type of battle in which each side tries to wear down the other side) of the Solomon Islands campaign allowed the Allies to take an offensive stance for the rest of the Pacific War. Finally, Midway bought the United States time until the first of the new Essex-class fleet carriers became available at the end of 1942.\nThe battle also showed the worth of pre-war naval code breaking and intelligence-gathering. These efforts continued in both the Pacific and Atlantic areas of war. There were many successes. Navy code breaking made possible the shooting down of Admiral Yamamoto's airplane.\nSome authors have stated heavy losses in carriers and veteran aircrews at Midway permanently weakened the Imperial Japanese Navy. Parshall and Tully, however, have stated that the losses in veteran aircrew, while heavy (110, just under 25% of the aircrew embarked on the four carriers), were not as bad for the Japanese naval air-corps as a whole. The Japanese navy had 2,000 carrier-qualified aircrew at the start of the Pacific war. A few months after Midway, the JNAF sustained similar casualty rates at both the Battle of the Eastern Solomons and Battle of Santa Cruz. It was these battles, combined with the constant death of veterans during the Solomons campaign, which weakened Japan. However, the loss of four large fleet carriers, and over 40% of the carriers' aircraft mechanics and technicians, plus the flight-deck crews were very damaging to the Japanese carrier fleet. After the battle and were the only large carriers of the original Pearl Harbor strike-force left for offensive actions. Of Japan's other carriers, was the only Fleet carrier that could be used with \"Sh\u014dkaku\" and \"Zuikaku\", while , , and , were second-rate ships. By the time of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, while the Japanese had somewhat rebuilt their carrier forces, the planes were flown by inexperienced pilots. \nIn the time it took Japan to build three carriers, the U.S. Navy commissioned more than two dozen fleet and light fleet carriers, and numerous escort carriers. By 1942 the United States was already three years into a shipbuilding plan which aimed make the navy larger than Japan's. The greater number of USN aviators survived the Battle of Midway and subsequent battles of 1942, and combined with growing pilot training programs, the US had many skilled pilots.\nCodebreaking success.\nYamamoto did not know that the U.S. had broken the main Japanese naval code (JN-25). This let the U.S. fleet go to the right place at the right time.\nYamamoto scattered his forces to keep the attack secret, but that meant his formations could not help each other. For instance, Nagumo's fleet had few big ships. When the carrier planes were carrying out the strikes, the carriers were relatively undefended. By contrast, the flotillas of Yamamoto and Kondo had more big ships, \"none of which saw any action at Midway\". Their distance from Nagumo's carriers also meant he could not use their reconnaissance planes, so he knew little of what was happening."}
+{"id": "69190", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69190", "title": "Minnesota Wild", "text": "The Minnesota Wild are a ice hockey team based in St Paul, Minnesota\nThe Wild joined the NHL in 2000. Their home is the Xcel Energy Center in downtown St. Paul."}
+{"id": "69193", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69193", "title": "Strategic bomber", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69194", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69194", "title": "Bomber aircraft", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69195", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69195", "title": "Ghassanids", "text": "Ghassanids, are an Arab clan who came to the Levant from Yemen before Islam. Ghassanids were Christians. Some of them remain Christians until modern days especially in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, and Israel. The Ghassanids were a puppet of the Byzantine Empire during the Byzantine-Sassanid wars during the war they fought against the Lakhmids. The Ghassanids were annexed by the Muslim Caliphate in the mid 600s AD."}
+{"id": "69197", "revid": "8862322", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69197", "title": "Boeing B-29 Superfortress", "text": "The Boeing B-29 Superfortress was a heavy bomber aircraft with four engines used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II, and by other countries' military after that. The name \"Superfortress\" came from its famous previous model, the B-17 Flying Fortress.\nThe B-29 Boeing Model 345 was one of the biggest aircraft to serve during World War II. It was one of the most advanced bombers of its time. It was the most used aircraft in the U.S. bombing against Japan in the final months of World War II, and B-29s carried the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The B-29 stayed in service for a long time after the war ended. By the time it was retired in the 1960s, some 3,900 planes had been built.\nThe American B-29 Superfortress was one of the most ambitious and expensive projects of WWII, even more expensive than the Manhattan Project. This enormous heavy bomber was equipped with numerous remote-controlled turrets and 4 powerful propellers. This heavy bomber\u00a0 was used in later parts of the war, and was designed to finally supress the Japanese forces."}
+{"id": "69198", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69198", "title": "B-29 Superfortress", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69199", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69199", "title": "B-29", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69203", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69203", "title": "Sewing", "text": "Sewing is stitching cloth, leather, furs, or other materials, using a needle and thread. Sewing can be done on a sewing machine, or by hand.\n\"Plain\" sewing is mostly done to make or mend clothing and household furnishings such as curtains, sheets, upholstery, and table linens. It is also used for sails, bellows, skin boats, banners and other items shaped out of flexible materials.\n\"Fancy\" sewing is done to decorate materials, such as embroidery or quilting.\nSewing is an important part of shoemaking and bookbinding. Wounds are often sewn shut.\nIf a thread becomes loose in a sewn item, the stitches may unravel and require restitching to repair them. In repair sewing, pulling the threaded needle in and out of the fabric at the same lengths and places as the other remaining stitches can make a repair nearly invisible. Replacing a missing button on a garment follows the same procedure, although there are different possible ways to place the thread to sew on a button. While repairs are usually sewn by hand, most garments are created using a machine, which can range from simple to complex."}
+{"id": "69205", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69205", "title": "Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69206", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69206", "title": "CNMI", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69211", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69211", "title": "Saipan", "text": "Saipan (IPA: in English) is the largest island and capital of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), a chain of 15 tropical islands which are part of the Marianas archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean (15\u00b010\u201951\u201dN, 145\u00b045\u201921\u201dE) with a total area of 115.39 km\u00b2 (44.55 sq mi). At the 2020 census, there were 43,385 people.\nSaipan is at latitude of 15.25\u00b0 north and longitude of 145.75\u00b0 east, about 200\u00a0km (120\u00a0mi) north of Guam. Saipan is about 20\u00a0km (12.5\u00a0mi) long and 9\u00a0km (5.5\u00a0mi) wide. It is a popular tourist destination in the Pacific."}
+{"id": "69214", "revid": "48456", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69214", "title": "Knitting", "text": "Knitting creates flexible fabric by looping thread or yarn together using two or more knitting needles or a knitting machine.\nTypes of knitting.\nFlat knitting.\nFlat knitting, which is usually done on two straight needles, makes a length of cloth and is used to create things like blankets, scarves, and the backs, fronts, and sides of sweaters.\nCircular knitting.\nCircular knitting, which is done on circular needles, or needles that have points on both ends, produces a seamless tube and is used to create things like hats, socks, mittens, rings, and sleeves.\nCable knitting.\nPatterns called \"cables\" are typically used on sweaters, particularly on fancy Aran sweaters from Ireland.\nDifferent kinds of stitches create different patterns in knitting. For example, the stretchy ends of knitted sleeves are called \"ribbing\".\nMaterials.\nYarn.\nYarn for knitting can be made from any number of natural or synthetic (man made) fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, or acrylic. Some yarns are made from a blend of several kinds of fibers.\nYarns come in many thicknesses or \"weights\" from fine to thick: lace, fingering, sock, sport, double-knit (or DK), worsted, Aran, bulky, and super-bulky. Thinner yarns are generally used with smaller knitting needles, and thicker yarns are used with larger knitting needles.\nNeedles.\nKnitting needles come in various shapes: straight, double-pointed, cable, and circular. They can be made from bamboo, aluminum, steel, or plastic."}
+{"id": "69216", "revid": "1354292", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69216", "title": "Yarn", "text": "Yarn is a long, continuous length of fibers that have been spun or felted together. Yarn is used to make cloth or different wearable accessories including shoes, hats, scarfs, etc. by knitting, crocheting or weaving. Yarn is sold in a shape called a skein to prevent the yarn from becoming tangled or knotted.\nYarn can be made from any number of natural or synthetic fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, or acrylic. Some yarns are made from a blend of several kinds of fibers.\nYarns come in many thicknesses or weights from fine to thick: lace, fingering, sock, sport, double-knit (or DK), worsted, aran, bulky, and super-bulky. Very fine yarn is called thread and is used in sewing and embroidery.\nYarn can also be used to crochet."}
+{"id": "69217", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69217", "title": "Royal Australian Navy", "text": "The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the navy of Australia. It is part of the Australian Defence Force. It was created in 1901, and was formed out of the Commonwealth Naval Forces to become the small navy of Australia. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom continued to defend Australia in the Pacific Ocean until World War II, when the RAN became much bigger and modern, adding many ships including aircraft carriers.\nToday the RAN is one of the largest naval forces in the Pacific region and the Indian Ocean. As of December 2011, the RAN fleet consisted of 54 vessels. This includes frigates, submarines, patrol boats and auxiliary ships. Ships commissioned into the RAN are given the prefix \"Her Majesty's Australian ships\" (Or HMAS for short), because by constitution the Queen owns them and has command over them.\nOrganisation.\nThe head of the Royal Australian Navy is the Monarch presently Queen Elizabeth II. The professional head of the force is the Chief of the Navy who holds the rank \"Vice-Admiral\". The present Chief is Vice-Admiral Ray Griggs. He was appointed in 2011. The Navy is ran by the Department of Defence and the Naval Headquarters (NHQ). \nBeneath NHQ are two subordinate commands:\nFleet Command was previously made up of seven Force Element Groups. Due to changes it was made into four Force Commands:\nCurrent Role.\nThe RAN currently has forces deployed on three major operations:\nBases.\nThe RAN has two primary bases for its fleet:\nIn addition, three other bases are home to the smaller warships (e.g. Patrol boats):\nPersonnel.\nAs of June 2011, the RAN has 14,215 permanent full time personnel, 161 gap year personnel, and 2,150 reserve personnel. The permanent full time force consisted of 3,357 commissioned officers, and 10,697 enlisted personnel. As of June 2010 male personnel make up 82% of the permanent full time force, while female personnel make up 18%. The RAN has the highest percentage of women in the ADF, compared to the RAAF's 17.8% and the Army's 9.7%."}
+{"id": "69219", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69219", "title": "RAN", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69220", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69220", "title": "Takijir\u014d \u014cnishi", "text": " was a Vice-Admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, who came to known as the father of the \"kamikaze\"."}
+{"id": "69221", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69221", "title": "Takijiro Onishi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69223", "revid": "1463501", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69223", "title": "Torpedo", "text": "The torpedo, is an explosive projectile weapon that moves by itself (using a propeller), launched above or below the water surface, that goes underwater toward a target, and made to explode when it hits a target or is near to it. Torpedoes may be launched from submarines, surface ships, helicopters, aircraft, land etc. Robert Whitehead invented the torpedo in 1866."}
+{"id": "69225", "revid": "233259", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69225", "title": "Undercarriage", "text": "In aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels) that supports an aircraft and allows it to move across the surface of the Earth when it is not flying."}
+{"id": "69226", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69226", "title": "Landing gear", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69227", "revid": "10470949", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69227", "title": "Seven Years' War", "text": "The Seven Years' War was a worldwide military conflict that lasted from 1756 to 1763 and involved most of the great powers in Europe. The war was made up of two conflicts. One was fought mostly between Great Britain and France. The other had Prussia fight its enemies: France, Austria, Russia, and Sweden.\nAn important cause of the war was the War of the Austrian Succession.\nNames.\nThe war was known by different names in different places: \nParticipants.\nMany powerful countries participated in the war. According to a 2009 article:After years of skirmishes between England, Spain and France in North America, England officially declared war on France in 1756, setting off what Winston Churchill would later call \u201cthe first world war.\u201d While the French, British, and Spanish battled over colonies in the New World, Frederick the Great of Prussia in Europe faced off against troops from Austria, France, Russia and Sweden. A \"diplomatic revolution\" established an Anglo-Prussian camp, which allied with some smaller German states and later Portugal. It fought an Austro-French camp, which allied with Sweden, Saxony and later Spain.\nEnd of the war.\nRussia left its offensive alliance with the Habsburgs when Empress Elizabeth of Russia died, and Peter III, her nephew, became the new tsar. Sweden also concluded a separate peace with Prussia in 1762.\nThe war ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris between France and Great Britain and the Peace of Hubertusburg between Prussia and Austria. \nThe Native American tribes that had fought alongside the French or the British were excluded from the peace treaties. They were unable to return to their former status after Pontiac's War, which followed the peace.\nEffects.\nCivilians were not spared in the Seven Years' War. Sieges were common, as was arson (destroying towns by burning them). Open battles involving extremely heavy losses were also frequent. Overall, between 900,000 to 1,400,000 people died in the war.\nGreat Britain gained the bulk of New France, Spanish Florida, some Caribbean islands, and Senegal. It also maintained its superiority over the French outposts on the Indian subcontinent. \nIn Europe, Frederick II of Prussia failed to complete a preemptive strike against Austria. His opponents fought off Prussian forces, and at Kunersdorf, they nearly destroyed them. At the Peace of Hubertusburg, Prussia managed to avoid giving up any land to Austria, and the status quo ante bellum was restored. \nWilliam Pitt once said, \"America was won in Germany.\" He was talking about the Prussian war effort, which allowed Britain to limit its military involvement on Continental Europe and focus instead on establishing naval supremacy. While French and allied forces were able to occupy Prussian and Hanoverian territories up to East Frisia, the British naval blockade impaired French supply routes to the colonies and prevented the French from invading Britain and continuing with their commerce raiding.\nThe involvement of Portugal, Spain, and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. For its brief involvement in the war, Spain lost Florida to Britain but gained French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River in exchange. Graat Britain also returned Cuba and the Philippines, which it had catured duting the war, to Spain."}
+{"id": "69230", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69230", "title": "M\u00e9rida", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69234", "revid": "11137", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69234", "title": "Melbourne City", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69238", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69238", "title": "Battlefield 2", "text": "Battlefield 2 is a first-person shooter developed by Digital Illusions CE and published by EA Games.\nBy playing online the players can gather points for the global ranking. If a player has enough points, he is promoted to the next higher rank and can unlock new weapons and awards.\nThe storyline takes place in Middle- and Eastern-Asia in the near future. In this fictional war, the US Marine Corps fights against China and the fictional \"Middle Eastern Coalition\". So the players can use the most modern weapons like the F-35 Lightning II fighter or the T90 tank. It\u00b4s also possible to choose between different classes like medic, assault, sniper and others.\nBecause \"Battlefield 2\" is a tactic shooter, teamplay is very important. One player by team can be the commander who issues instructions on his team. The other players can group themselves into squads.\nIn every round two teams are playing. At the beginning of the round, both teams have a certain number of tickets. By eliminating an enemy the teams can reduce the number of tickets of the other team. The team that has more tickets at the end of the round wins.\n\"Battlefield 2\" is the sequel of \"Battlefield 1942\" and \"Battlefield Vietnam\". The most recent game of the \"Battlefield\" series is \"\".\nThere is also an add-on named \"Special Forces\" in which several special forces (e. g. SAS) can be played. Also two so called \"booster packs\" are available: \"Euro Forces\" which brings the army of the European Union into the game and \"Armored Fury\" which relocates the storyline to North America.\n\"Battlefield 2\" is one of the most popular games in it\u00b4s genre. Although being released in 2005 it\u00b4s still played by many persons around the world and has a big community."}
+{"id": "69240", "revid": "1788", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69240", "title": "Bf2", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69242", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69242", "title": "Battlefield (series)", "text": "The Battlefield series consists of the following first-person shooter games that were developed by Digital Illusions CE, and published by Electronic Arts:"}
+{"id": "69244", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69244", "title": "Sine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69245", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69245", "title": "Tangent", "text": "The word \"tangent\" can mean different things:"}
+{"id": "69246", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69246", "title": "Cotangent", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69247", "revid": "1536336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69247", "title": "Subset", "text": "In set theory, a set formula_1 is called a subset of a set formula_2 if all of the elements of formula_1 are contained in formula_2. For example, any set is a subset of itself. Another example of a subset is a proper subset: a set formula_1 is called a proper subset of a set formula_2 if formula_1 is subset of formula_2 but is not equal to formula_2.\nThe symbol \"formula_10\" always means \"is a subset of.\" The symbol \"formula_11\" always means \"is a proper subset of.\" There is also the symbol \"formula_12\", which some authors use to mean \"is a subset of\" and other authors only use to mean \"is a proper subset of.\"\nFor example:"}
+{"id": "69256", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69256", "title": "Pythagorean theorem/proof", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69257", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69257", "title": "Lemma", "text": "Lemma may refer to:"}
+{"id": "69261", "revid": "4614028", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69261", "title": "Middle Temple", "text": "The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English bar as barristers. (The others are the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn.) It is near the Royal Courts of Justice, within the City of London."}
+{"id": "69266", "revid": "11594", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69266", "title": "Georg Friedrich H\u00e4ndel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69269", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69269", "title": "H\u00e4ndel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69271", "revid": "1522289", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69271", "title": "Albanian Orthodox Church", "text": "The Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania is one of the Eastern Orthodox churches. It is very new. It was created in 1922 by the fathers of the Albanian Orthodoxy Fan Noli, Visarion Xhuvani, and others. The Albanian Orthodox Church is autocephalous, meaning its bishop does not have to answer before any superior clerical authority.\nSince its beginning it has had a difficult time. The church suffered during the Second World War, and in the communist period that came after. This became worse after 1967 when Albania was declared an atheist state, and no public or private expression of religion was allowed. After religious freedom returned in 1991, the church has become very active again. More than 250 churches have been created or repaired, and more than 100 clergy being ordained. \nThe Church currently has four dioceses, Tirana, Durr\u00ebs and Elbasan; Berat and Kanina; Gjirokast\u00ebr; and Kor\u00e7\u00eb."}
+{"id": "69272", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69272", "title": "Zorastrian", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69273", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69273", "title": "Zoroastrian", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69282", "revid": "9101079", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69282", "title": "University of Padua", "text": "The University of Padua (Italian \"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova\", UNIPD) is in Padua, Italy. It was created in 1222. It is one of the oldest European universities and the second oldest in Italy. As of 2003, the university had about 65,000 students.\nHistory.\nThe university is usually said to have been founded in 1222 when a big group of students and professors left the University of Bologna. They did this to look for more academic freedom ('Libertas scholastica'). \nThe first subjects to be taught were law and theology. The curriculum got bigger quickly, and by 1399 the institution had divided in two: a \"Universitas Iuristarum\" for civil law and Canon law, and a \"Universitas Artistarum\" which taught astronomy, dialectic, philosophy, grammar, medicine, and rhetoric."}
+{"id": "69288", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69288", "title": "Dorus rijkers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69292", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69292", "title": "Dishonor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69293", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69293", "title": "Dishonour", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69300", "revid": "1463501", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69300", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare", "text": "Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defence, is any way of fighting military aircraft in combat from the ground. Different guns and cannons have been used for this since the first military aircraft were used in World War I. They have become more powerful over the years. After World War II, Surface to Air Missiles began to be used too. Today, both are used to fight against aircraft. \nNicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation for anti-aircraft artillery\", and flak or flack (from the German Flugabwehrkanone\", \"aircraft defence cannon\"). An anti-aircraft missile is another name for a surface-to-air missile, also said SAM for short."}
+{"id": "69301", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69301", "title": "Anti-aircraft fire", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69303", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69303", "title": "Flak", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69304", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69304", "title": "FLAK", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69305", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69305", "title": "Flack", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69306", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69306", "title": "Convair B-36", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69308", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69308", "title": "National Museum of the United States Air Force", "text": "The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official national museum of the United States Air Force and is located on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio. Over 400 aircraft and missiles are on display, most of them indoors. Admission is free.\nExhibits.\nThe museum has many rare and important aircraft and other exhibits, including one of four surviving Convair B-36s, the only surviving XB-70 Valkyrie, and \"Bockscar\"\u2013the B-29 Superfortress that dropped the second atomic bomb in World War II. In contrast to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, nearly all of the museum's exhibits are extremely accessible. Most are easily touched, even investigated, by visitors."}
+{"id": "69309", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69309", "title": "Air defence", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69310", "revid": "9588", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69310", "title": "NMUSAF", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69311", "revid": "1493511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69311", "title": "List of Tour de France winners", "text": "The first Tour de France was in 1903, but it was not run during World War I and World War II\nWinners.\nMultiple winners.\nThe following riders have won the Tour de France on 2 or more occasions. Since the retirement of two-time winner Alberto Contador in 2017, the only active rider on the list as of that year is Chris Froome, currently with 4 wins. Contador had originally won three Tours, but was stripped of one following an anti-doping violation.\nLance Armstrong was removed from the head of the list after having all seven of his Tour victories stripped when he was found guilty of repeated doping offences. Had his tainted Tour victories been reallocated (as were the victories of Floyd Landis and Contador) to the second placed rider in each race, Jan Ullrich would have joined the list with 4 Tour wins. However, the race organisers ASO decided not to reallocate the titles won in those years, in recognition of the historic doping problem in the sport at that time - Ullrich himself having been banned for a doping violation. Ullrich, therefore, has a single Tour victory to his name.\nFootnotes.\nA.\u00a0 Bjarne Riis has admitted to doping during the 1996 Tour de France. The organizers of the Tour de France said that they no longer consider him to be the winner. However, Union Cycliste Internationale has so far refused to change the official status because a lot of time has passed since his win. Jan Ullrich was placed second on the podium in Paris.\nB.\u00a0 Lance Armstrong was declared winner of seven Tours in a row from 1999 to 2005. However, in October 2012 he had all his titles removed by the UCI because of his use of performance-enhancing drugs. The Tour director Christian Prudhomme had said before that if this happened, there would be no alternative winners for those years, but this has not yet been made official.\nC.\u00a0 Floyd Landis was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2006 Tour, but later was found to have tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during stage 17 of the race. The United States Anti-Doping Agency found him guilty of using synthetic testosterone during the race and removed his title on 20 September 2007.\nD.\u00a0 Alberto Contador was the winner at the podium ceremony in Paris on the last day of the 2010 Tour, but later was found to have tested positive for a drug that was not allowed, Clenbuterol, on a rest day. The Court of Arbitration for Sport found him guilty of using clenbuterol during the race and removed his title on 6 February 2012.\nE.\u00a0 Henri Cornet was declared the winner of 1904 race after the disqualification of Maurice Garin for cheating."}
+{"id": "69313", "revid": "9229489", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69313", "title": "Inner Temple", "text": "The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London. They may call members to the Bar and allow them to practice as barristers. (The other Inns are Middle Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn.)\nThe Inner Temple was first recorded as being used for legal purposes when lawyers' houses were burned down in Wat Tyler's revolt in 1381. Before that date, the Temple was occupied by the Knights Templar. The Inner Temple was damaged during the wartime bombings in the areas surrounding the River Thames.\nFamous members.\nsir edmund anderson chief justice of common pleas"}
+{"id": "69314", "revid": "1582584", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69314", "title": "Inns of Court", "text": "The Inns of Court are a group of four legal societies in Britain that have the exclusive right to train barristers and to regulate their admission to the English bar. The buildings, which house these societies, are called Inns of Court. The Inns of Court have directing and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodations to members. Each Inn also has a church or chapel. \nOver the centuries the number of active Inns of Court was reduced to four, which are Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple and Middle Temple. "}
+{"id": "69315", "revid": "145452", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69315", "title": "Lincoln's Inn", "text": "The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London. They may call members to the Bar and allow them to practice as barristers. (The other Inns are Middle Temple, Gray's Inn and Inner Temple.) \nLincoln's Inn is thought to be the oldest of the four Inns of Court. The history of the Inn can be traced back to 1422, although its actual origins are even older.\nIt is in Holborn, in the London Borough of Camden, on the border with the City of London and the City of Westminster.\nPreachers of Lincoln's Inn.\nThe office of Preacher of Lincoln's Inn or Preacher to Lincoln's Inn is a clerical office in the Church of England. Past Preachers of Lincoln's Inn include:"}
+{"id": "69316", "revid": "145452", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69316", "title": "Gray's Inn", "text": "The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London. They may call members to the Bar and allow them to practice as barristers. The other Inns are Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn and Inner Temple.\nGray's Inn is in Holborn, in the London Borough of Camden, on the border with the City of London and the City of Westminster."}
+{"id": "69317", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69317", "title": "Marines", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69319", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69319", "title": "Battle of Okinawa", "text": "The Battle of Okinawa was a great battle of World War II. It took place on Okinawa Island in the Ryukyu Islands (south of the four big islands of Japan). The battle was between the military forces of the Empire of Japan and the Allies. It was the second biggest amphibious battle (from sea to land) of World War II, after the Battle of Normandy. It was also one of the longest battles in history, from April to June 1945. The Allies won the battle and occupied Okinawa. Today, Okinawa is Japanese territory, but there are still American military bases there.\nThe Battle of Okinawa is considered to be the last major battle of World War II. The Americans were planning Operation Downfall, the invasion of the four great islands of Japan. This never happened, since the Japanese surrendered after the American use of the atomic bomb in August 1945 (first in Hiroshima, and a second time in Nagasaki) and the Soviet Union declaring war on Japan.\nThe battle has been called \"Typhoon of Steel\" in English, and \"\"tetsu no ame,\" \"tetsu no b\u014df\u016b\"\" by the people of Okinawa, which mean \"rain of steel\" and \"violent wind of steel\", because of the very heavy firing of guns and bombs at this battle.\nSome battles, such as the Battle of Iwo Jima, had no civilians present, but Okinawa had a large civilian population. The civilians killed or injured in the battle were at least 150,000. American deaths were 18,900 killed or missing and 53,000 injured, more than double of the soldiers killed at Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal put together. Several thousand soldiers who died from wounds and other causes after the battle had finished, are not included. About a third of the civilian population of the island were killed.\nThere were about 100,000 Japanese soldiers killed and 7,000 captured. Some of the soldiers committed seppuku or simply blew themselves up with grenades. Some of the civilians, convinced by Japanese propaganda that the Americans were barbarians who did terrible things to prisoners, killed their families and themselves to avoid capture.\nIn 1945, Winston Churchill called the battle \"among the most intense and famous in military history.\"'\nOrder of battle.\nAllied.\nOverall Allied command authority for battle was Fifth Fleet (under Admiral Raymond A. Spruance). Fifth Fleet was divided into several task forces and groups.\nTF 56 was the largest force within TF 50 and was built around the 10th Army. The army had two corps under its command. In all, the Army had over 102,000 Army (of these 38,000+ were artillery, combat support and HQ troops, with another 9,000 service troops), over 88,000 Marines and 18,000 Navy personnel (mostly Seabees and medical personnel).\nAt the start of the Battle of Okinawa the 10th Army had 182,821 men under its command. The U.S. Navy had greater casualties in this operation than in any other battle of the war.\nJapanese.\nThe Japanese land campaign (mainly defensive) was had 67,000 men (77,000 according to some sources). As well, there were 9,000 Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) troops at Oroku naval base. There were also 39,000 local Ryukyuan people who were forced to fight.\nNaval battle.\nThe United States Navy's Task Force 58 was east of Okinawa. It had 6 to 8 destroyers and 13 carriers. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz gave his naval commanders time to rest.\nJapanese air attacks had been light during the first few days after the landings. However, on 6 April, there was an attack by 400 planes from Kyushu. From 26 March-30 April, 20 American ships were sunk and 157 damaged.\nThe Japanese had lost up to more than 1,100 planes in the battle.\nBetween 6 April and 22 June, the Japanese flew 1,465 \"kamikaze\" aircraft attacks. Several fleet carriers were severely damaged.\nOperation \"Ten-Go\".\nOperation \"Ten-Go\" (\"Ten-g\u014d sakusen\") was the attack by ten Japanese ships. In all, the Imperial Japanese Navy lost 3,700 sailors, including Admiral It\u014d. The US lost just 10 U.S. aircraft and 12 airmen.\nBritish Pacific Fleet.\nThe British Pacific Fleet was ordered to attack Japanese airfields in the Sakishima Islands.\nLand battle.\nThe land battle took place over about 81 days beginning on 1 April 1945. The first Americans ashore were soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division, who landed west of Okinawa on 26 March.\nOn 31 March, Marines of the Fleet Marine Force Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion landed without opposition on Keise Shima.\nNorthern Okinawa.\nThe main landing was made by XXIV Corps and III Amphibious Corps on the western coast of Okinawa on 1 April.\nThe 10th Army moved across the south-central part of the island. They captured the Kadena and the Yomitan airbases.\nSix days later on 13 April, the 2nd Battalion, 22nd Marine Regiment reached Hedo Point (Hedo-misaki) at the northern part of the island. Japanese forces in the north were on the Motobu Peninsula.\nThe 77th Infantry Division attacked Ie Island (Ie Shima) on 16 April.\nSouthern Okinawa.\nThe U.S. Army 96th Infantry division and 7th Infantry Division went south across Okinawa. The 96th Infantry Division had violent fights with Japanese troops in fortified positions.\nThey had 1,500 battle casualties, while killing or capturing about 4,500 Japanese.\nThe next American goal was Kakazu Ridge. The Japanese soldiers hid in caves. There were many casualties on both sides.\nOn the evening of 12 April, the 32nd Army attacked U.S. positions. The attackers retreated. A final attack on 14 April was again stopped.\nThe launched a new attack on 19 April with 324 guns, the largest ever in the Pacific Ocean war. Then 650 Navy and Marine planes attacked with napalm, rockets, bombs, and machine guns.\nA tank attack failed with the loss of 22 tanks. XXIV Corps lost 720 men KIA, WIA and MIA.\nOn 4 May, the 32nd Army launched another attack. This time, Ushijima tried to land troops on the coasts behind American lines. Japanese artillery fired 13,000 rounds. The attack failed.\nBuckner launched another American attack on 11 May. By the end of May, monsoon rains turned hills and roads into mud.\nOn 29 May, Maj.\u00a0Gen. Pedro del Valle ordered Company A, 1st Battalion, 5th Marines to capture Shuri Castle.\nThe Japanese retreat moved nearly 30,000 men into its last defense line on the Kiyan Peninsula. The 4,000 Japanese sailors \u2014 including Admiral Minoru Ota \u2014 all committed suicide.\nOn 18 June, Gen. Buckner was killed by enemy artillery fire. The last Japanese stopped fighting on 21 June, although some Japanese stayed hidden."}
+{"id": "69320", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69320", "title": "Naomi Nari Nam", "text": "Naomi Nari Nam (born July 6, 1985 in Anaheim, California) is a figure skater from the United States.\nNam was a very good skater as a child. She won the silver medal (second place) at the 1999 United States national championships behind Michelle Kwan at age 13. She would have normally gone to the World Championships after doing this, but she was too young according to the rules. She could have gone if she had won a medal at the World Junior Championships, but that was the last year the World Junior Championships were held before Nationals and Nam did not go to those championships.\nNam had a bad career after this. She had an injury in her hip and had to stop skating as a single skater.\nIn 2005, she started skating as a pairs skater with Themistocles Leftheris. They placed 5th at the 2006 Nationals, a very good result for a new team. They won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2006 Skate America competition, which was even more good. They won the bronze at the 2007 Nationals and then placed 6th at the 2007 Four Continents.\nNaomi Nari Nam is a very graceful and flexible skater. She and Leftheris are a good pairs team. They do very hard jumps for a pairs team, which is helped by Nam's good singles career."}
+{"id": "69321", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69321", "title": "Themistocles Leftheris", "text": "Themistocles \"Themi\" Leftheris (born December 20, 1982) is a figure skater from the United States. \nLeftheris has skated pairs for most of his life. He has had many partners and has done very well with them. \nIn 2005, he started skating as a team with Naomi Nari Nam. They placed 5th at the 2006 Nationals, a very good result for a new team. They won the bronze medal (third place) at the 2006 Skate America competition, which was even more good. They won the bronze at the 2007 Nationals and then placed 6th at the 2007 Four Continents.\nThemistocles Leftheris is a very powerful skater. He and Nam are a good pairs team. They do very hard jumps for a pairs team, which is helped by Nam's good singles career."}
+{"id": "69322", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69322", "title": "Ohka", "text": "The Yokosuka MXY-7 \"Ohka\" (\u6afb\u82b1 \"cherry blossom\") was a type of airplane rocket, used for suicide attacks by the Empire of Japan in the last months of World War II. The United States gave the aircraft the name \"Baka\" (Japanese for \"stupid\").\nIt was carried by a bomber that dropped it when close enough to an enemy ship. The pilot guided it to crash with the target. When dropping down, it could go so fast that it was almost impossible to stop it. The operational record of Ohkas used in action includes three ships sunk and three other ships with great damage."}
+{"id": "69324", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69324", "title": "Cherry blossoms", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69325", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69325", "title": "St\u00e9phane Lambiel", "text": "St\u00e9phane Lambiel (born 2 April 1985 in Martigny, Valais) is a figure skater from Switzerland. He is famous for his very good spins.\nLambiel was a good skater as a child. When he was 12 years old, he was picked to perform an exhibition at the 1997 World Championships.\nHe has won the Swiss national championships every year he has entered them, and at every level.\nIn 2002, when he was 16, the Swiss Olympic Committee told him he could go to the 2002 Winter Olympics if he placed in the top 15 at the European Championships. Lambiel placed 4th at the European Championships and he went to the Olympics.\nIn 2006, Lambiel won the silver medal (second place) at the 2006 Winter Olympics. He was World Champion in 2005 and 2006.\nLambiel is famous for having everything a skater needs to do well, called the \"full package\". He is very artistic, and has all the technical elements needed, including a quadruple jump. He is very consistent, except for the triple axel, which is a bad jump for him.\nLambiel has had a lot of injuries, which has kept him out of the Grand Prix a lot. After the Olympics, he did not feel very motivated. He missed the 2007 European Championships because he said he was burnt out. But he came back for the 2007 World Championships, where he won the bronze medal.\nIn 2010 he said he was no longer going to compete in skating."}
+{"id": "69326", "revid": "11621", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69326", "title": "Stephane Lambiel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69328", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69328", "title": "Daisuke Takahashi", "text": " is a Japanese athlete. He is best known as a figure skater.\nTakahashi was born in Kurashiki, Okayama.\nCareer.\nTakahashi won the Japanese national championships in 2006 and 2007.\nTakahashi is the first male skater from Japan to win the World Junior Championships and the first male skater from Japan to win a silver medal at the World Championship.\nHe was a member of the Japanese team at the 2006 Winter Olympics at Turin in Italy. In 2010, he won a bronze medal in the Winter Olympic Games at Vancouver in Canada."}
+{"id": "69329", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69329", "title": "Evgeni Plushenko", "text": "Evgeni Plushenko (born 3 November 1982) is a figure skater from Russia. He was born and raised in the Soviet Union. He is the last of the \"Soviet System\" figure skaters, which took children from their parents at a young age and raised them in a training system away from home while giving them everything they needed, including housing and food and equipment, so they could become the best.\nEarly years.\nPlushenko was a very good skater as a child. At age 14, he won the World Junior Championships. At age 15, he won the bronze medal at the World Championships. He has always been coached by Alexei Mishin, a very famous Soviet and Russian skater coach. At the time of Plushenko's rise, Mishin was also coaching Alexei Yagudin. When Yagudin saw all the attention Mishin was giving Plushenko, it made Yagudin leave and find another coach. Plushenko and Yagudin had a very big rivalry that ended in 2002, when Yagudin won the Olympic Gold and Plushenko won the silver.\nCareer.\nBetween the 2002 Olympics and the 2006 Olympics, Plushenko only lost a competition twice. The first time was to Emanuel Sandhu at the 2003-2004 Grand Prix Final. The second was to Brian Joubert at the 2004 European Championships. Plushenko came close to losing the 2003 World Championships to American Timothy Goebel, but won.\nPlushenko withdrew from the 2005 World Championships with injury. But he won the 2006 Olympics with a very big lead over everyone else there.\nPlushenko took the 2006-2007 season away from skating. He was married and had a child, but he is now getting a divorce. He is trying to come back to competitive skating, but still has a lot of injuries.\nPlushenko is known for his consistency and his strong jumping ability. He has done a lot of quadruple jumps in competition and in combination with other jumps. He was the first to do a lot of quadruple-jump combinations. He has also done the Biellmann spin in competition, although he has not done that recently."}
+{"id": "69332", "revid": "10378107", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69332", "title": "Bald eagle", "text": "The American bald eagle (\"Latin name: Haliaeetus leucocephalus\"), also known as simply the bald eagle or American eagle, is a bird of prey that lives in North America. It is the national bird of the United States of America. The bald eagle is a kind of sea eagle.\nIt can be found in most of Canada, all of the United States, and re are trees to nest in and there is a lot of food to eat. It is called \"bald\" because of its white head and neck. (There is more information on the bald eagle's name in the section below called \"Name.\")\nThe species almost died in the United States (while its numbers were growing in Alaska and Canada) late in the 20th century. Now it has a more stable population.\nDescription.\nThe bald eagle is a large bird. It is usually as tall as and its wingspan is . Female eagles are about 25 percent larger than males. Adult females weigh , while males weigh . The adult bald eagle has a brown body, and its head and tail are white. It also has yellow feet with large talons, and a hooked yellow beak. The males and the females' wings have the same colors.\nBefore bald eagles become adults, their wings are brown. Their wings are usually speckled with white dots until the fifth year.\nThe size of the bird depends on where it lives. The smallest birds are in Florida, where an adult male is only about . The largest Bald Eagles are in Alaska, where large females may be as much as .\nThe bald eagle is closely related to a species called the golden eagle. The bald eagle is physically and mentally different from the golden eagle. The bald eagle has a bigger head and a bigger beak, and its legs do not have feathers. \nWhen bald eagles \"call,\" (make sounds), they chirp weakly and whistle. The young birds whistle more shrilly than adults.\nBald eagles usually live for around 20 years if they live in nature. The oldest ones sometimes live for 30 years. When bald eagles live in captivity, such as in zoos, they can live much longer.\nName.\nThis sea eagle gets both its common and scientific names from its head. \"Bald\" in the English name is from the word \"piebald\", which means, \"one with a white head\". The scientific name is from \"Haliaeetus\", which is Latin for \"sea eagle\".\nThe bald eagle was one of the many species written in Carolus Linnaeus's 18th century book \"Systema Naturae\". Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who made the binomial nomenclature system.\nThere are two main subspecies of the bald eagle:\nHabitat.\nThe bald eagle's natural home is in most of North America, including most of Canada, all of the United States, and northern Mexico.\nThe most bald eagles live near seas, rivers, large lakes, oceans, and other large places with open water and a lot of fish.\nBald eagles need old trees with hard wood to live, sleep, and make nests. They like trees that have holes and are safe from predators. However, the height or kind of tree is not as important as its distance from a body of water. Bald eagles need to live near water.\nThe bald eagle does not like to be near humans. It is are found mostly in places where there are no humans, or very few of them. However, a few bald eagles live in places with trees inside of big cities. They may live in city parks. Bald eagles live in a city in Oregon. A family of bald eagles recently moved into Harlem, which is a place in the middle of New York city.\nBehavior.\nThe bald eagle flies very fast. It can move at speeds of 56\u201370 kilometers per hour (35\u201343\u00a0mph) when gliding or flapping its wings. However, when it is carrying fish, it flies about . Its dive speed is , though it does not dive a lot. The bald eagle is usually migratory, which means that it travels (migrates) between homes which are very far away from each other. In some places, bald eagles are not migratory. If a bald eagle's territory has water near by, it will remain there all year. But if the water where it lives freezes in the winter, it must migrate to the south or to the coast to find something to eat.\nDiet.\nThe bald eagle eats mostly fish. In the Pacific Northwest, spawning trout and salmon are the main food of the Bald Eagle.\nSometimes, eagles may eat a lot of carrion, especially in winter. They will also scavenge dead bodies up to the size of whales. However, eagles eat more large dead fish than whales. They also sometimes eat the leftover food from campsites or garbage dumps. The mammals they eat include rabbits, hares, raccoons, muskrats, beavers, and deer fawns. Some of the birds they eat include grebes, ducks, gulls, and geese. Reptiles, amphibians and crustaceans (especially crabs) are also eaten.\nTo hunt fish the eagle swoops down over the water and snatches the fish out of the water with its talons. They eat by holding the fish in one claw and tearing the flesh with the other. Eagles have special things on their toes called \"spiricules\" that help them hold the fish more easily. Bald eagles have powerful talons. They have been seen flying with a 7\u00a0kg fawn. Sometimes, when the fish is too heavy, the eagle will be dragged into the water with it. Sometimes, eagles swim back to the shore and live, but sometimes they may drown or die because of hypothermia (a condition when one\u2019s body gets so cold the body temperature drops below normal). Other times, bald eagles steal fish and other kinds of food away from other animals. Healthy adult bald eagles are not eaten anywhere in the wild. This makes them thought as one of the top animals of the food chain.\nReproduction.\nBald eagles become adults when they are four or five years old. When they are old enough to mate, they usually come back to the place where they were born. It is thought that bald eagles mate for life. However, if one of the pair dies or disappears, the other will choose a new mate. A pair which can not get a chick after trying for a long time, may split up and look for new mates. When bald eagles court, they call and show their flying skills. When they do so, two mates may fly high, and then lock their talons together, and fall, parting again right before hitting the ground.\nThe nest of the bald eagle is larger than any other nest in North America. This is because it is used again and again, and every year more is added to the nest until it may soon become as large as deep, across and weigh 1 tonne. One nest in Florida was found to be deep, across, and to weigh . The nest is built out of branches, usually in large trees near water. If there are no trees, the bald eagle will make its nest on the ground. Eagles have between one and three eggs per year. Both the male and female take turns incubating the eggs. The other parent will hunt for food or look for more to add onto the nest. The eggs are about long.\nRelationship with humans.\nFall and rise of population.\nOnce easily seen on the continental United States, the bald eagle was close to becoming extinct because of the use of the pesticide DDT. The DDT destroyed an adult bird's calcium, and it would become unable to lay more healthy eggs. Female eagles laid eggs that were too weak to withstand the weight of its parents. In the early 1700s, the number of bald eagles were 300,000\u2013500,000, but by the 1950s there were only 412 nesting pairs in the United States.\nOther things that stopped bald eagles from producing well was the loss of habitat and illegal hunting of bald eagles. Also, oil and lead were other big reasons why bald eagles began to die out.\nThe species was first protected in the United States and Canada by the 1918 Migratory Bird Treaty. The 1940 Bald Eagle Protection Act in the United States also tried to stop the killing of the bald eagle and the golden eagle. The bald eagle was an endangered species in 1967, and the penalties for people who killed the species grew more and more. Also, in 1972, DDT was banned in the United States. DDT was completely banned in Canada in 1989.\nBecause of all this hard work, the bald eagle's population began to rise again. It was officially taken out from the United States list of endangered species on July 12, 1995.\nTo keep bald eagles in captivity, the workers had to be experienced in caring for eagles. The bald eagle can live a long time in captivity if well cared for, but does not mate well, even under the best care.\nThe National Bird of the United States.\nThe bald eagle is the national bird of the United States. It appears on most of its seals, including the Seal of the President of the United States. The Continental Congress made the design for the Great Seal of the United States with a bald eagle holding thirteen arrows and an olive branch with thirteen leaves in its talons on June 20, 1782.\nThe bald eagle can be found on both national seals and on the back of several coins (including the quarter dollar coin until 1999). Between 1916 and 1945, the Flag of the President of the United States showed an eagle facing to its left.\nThere is a popular legend that Benjamin Franklin once supported the wild turkey as a symbol of the United States instead of the bald eagle. However, there is no evidence that this is true. The legend comes from the letter Franklin wrote to his daughter in 1784 from Paris. However, this letter was about the Society of the Cincinnati, and it did not say anything about the bald eagle or the wild turkey.\nIn Native American culture.\nThe Bald Eagle is a holy bird in some North American cultures. Its feathers are thought to be special. They are used very much in spiritual customs among the Native Americans. Eagles are thought as messengers between gods and humans. Eagle feathers are often used in traditional things, especially in fans. The Lakota people, for instance, give an eagle feather as a symbol of honor to a person who achieves a task. In modern times, it may be given on an event such as a graduation from college. The Pawnee people thought eagles as symbols of nature and fertility. This is because their nests are built high off the ground, and because they protect their young very bravely. The Choctaw explained that the bald eagle, who can see the sun more directly, is a symbol of peace.\nDuring the Sun Dance, which is danced by a lot of Native American tribes, the eagle is included in many different ways. A whistle made from the wing bone of an eagle is used during the dance. Also during the dance, a medicine man may direct his fan, which is made of eagle feathers, to people who need healing. The fan is then held up toward the sky, so that the eagle may send all the sick prayers to the god.\nHowever, Native American tribes cannot use bald or golden eagle feathers for their religious or spiritual use anymore. This is because of a law called the eagle feather law. The eagle feather law usually defends Native Americans by providing many exceptions to wildlife laws, but it presently does not yet allow Native American tribes to use them yet. This made the Native American groups angry because they insisted that it was stopping their ability to use their religion freely."}
+{"id": "69333", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69333", "title": "End of days", "text": "End of Days usually can mean:\n\"End of Days\" has also been the title of a number of movies and television episodes:"}
+{"id": "69334", "revid": "844779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69334", "title": "Stacy London", "text": "Stacy London (born May 25, 1969 in New York City, New York) is an American fashion consultant and media personality. She known best for her role as a co-host on the makeover reality program \"What Not to Wear\"."}
+{"id": "69336", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69336", "title": "Kaiten", "text": "The Kaiten (Japanese: \u56de\u5929, translated \"Change the World\" or \"Reverse Destiny\") was a torpedo that was changed to become a suicide weapon, and used by the Navy of the Empire of Japan in the last months of the Second World War. It was basically a torpedo with a pilot, and it could be thrown from a submarine or a ship.\nThe \"Kaiten\" was not very effective. Out of more or less 100 attacks made with them, only two enemy ships were sunk."}
+{"id": "69337", "revid": "10184042", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69337", "title": "Blanket", "text": " \nA blanket is a large, usually rectangular piece of cloth, generally used on a bed over a sheet to keep the sleeping person warm. Some blankets are knitted or crocheted while others are made of two layers of cloth sewn together with stuffing in the middle. Blankets can be made with hollow fibre or feathers.\nOther names for blankets are quilts, duvets, and comforters, depending on their thickness, construction and/or stuffing.\nThe word blanket probably came from the 14th century. A special kind of fabric called Blanket fabric was created by a Flemish weaver who lived in Bristol, England.\nUses.\nBlankets may also be used on the ground for a picnic or other places where people want to sit without their clothing getting dirty or wet.\nFirefighters use a special fire blanket to protect household items such as chairs from water damage.\nTypes of blankets.\nElectric blankets are heated by electricity. Blankets were traditionally made of wool because it is warm, naturally fire-retardant, and allows air to circulate well, while today synthetic fibers are frequently used. Throw blankets are smaller blankets, often in decorative colors and patterns, that can be used for extra warmth outside of bed.\nOther kinds are horse blankets, used to keep horses warm, and saddle blankets, used to prevent the horse's saddle from rubbing on its skin.\nBlanket terminology is also used in the printing industry. A blanket is a rubber coating over different layer of compressible material. It wraps around a cylinder and insures transfer of ink form the printed material (where the image is ink defined) to the paper. Blankets are used for offset, gravure, flexo, etc."}
+{"id": "69338", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69338", "title": "Pak Chong Hui", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69339", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69339", "title": "Geir Ivarsoy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69340", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69340", "title": "Crochet", "text": "Crochet is a way of creating fabric from yarn or thread using a crochet hook to pull loops of yarn through other loops. It is similar to knitting, except that usually only one loop is active at one time, and that a crochet hook is used instead of knitting needles. Also, crochet can not be made by machine. Crochet uses more yarn than knitting but is faster to make by hand.\nCrochet is used to make clothing, household items like tablecloths, blankets and potholders, and toys. Lace is often made by crocheting, though it can be made by knitting and weaving as well.\nCrocheting is also a great craft for younger children. The stitches are easy and their small hands are able to hold the crochet hook. They are also able to see progress very quickly and that motivates them to continue. It is very easy to start again after setting the project down, which will help to keep young people involved in the craft.\nUS and UK Terminologies.\nThe US and the UK use different names for the same crochet stitches. If you are using a pattern, make sure you know if it uses US or UK terminology so you read it correctly.\nHere are the main differences."}
+{"id": "69341", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69341", "title": "Crocheting", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69343", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69343", "title": "Felting", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69345", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69345", "title": "Sew", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69346", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69346", "title": "Knit", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69347", "revid": "1566408", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69347", "title": "Weaving", "text": "Weaving is the interlacing of two sets of threads at right angles to each other to form cloth. Weaving is usually done on a loom.\nOne set of threads is called the \"warp\". These threads are held taut and in parallel order on the loom by \"harnesses\" creating a space called the \"shed\". The \"weft\" thread is wound onto \"bobbins\". In old-fashioned hand weaving the bobbins are held in a \"shuttle\", which carries the weft thread through the shed. The warp threads are moved over and under the weft threads. Modern high speed weaving does not use a shuttle."}
+{"id": "69349", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69349", "title": "Loom", "text": "A loom is a machine for weaving thread or yarn into textiles. Looms can range from very small hand-held frames, to large free-standing hand looms, to huge automatic mechanical devices.\nThe invention of the power loom by Edmund Cartwright was very important in the Industrial Revolution."}
+{"id": "69350", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69350", "title": "Sweater", "text": "A sweater is a piece of clothing worn on the upper body to keep the person warm. Sweaters are usually knitted or crocheted. Other names for sweaters are pullover, jersey, or jumper. Sweaters that open in the front are often called \"cardigans\". They are named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British general during the Crimean War, who led the famous charge of the Light Brigade. Sweaters without sleeves are often called \"vests\". Sweaters can be worn all year long for comfort and warmth."}
+{"id": "69351", "revid": "271280", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69351", "title": "Scarf", "text": "A scarf is a piece of fabric worn on or near the head or around the neck for warmth, cleanliness, fashion or for religious reasons. Neck scarves are usually knitted or crocheted, while headscarves are usually woven.\nMany Muslim women wear a headscarf known as a hijab. In the Persian Gulf Region it is called a sheila."}
+{"id": "69352", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69352", "title": "Knitted", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69353", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69353", "title": "Crocheted", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69354", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69354", "title": "Across the Universe (movie)", "text": "Across the Universe is a musical movie made in 2007. It is directed by Julie Taymor and written by Ian La Frenais and Dick Clement. The main characters are played by Evan Rachel Wood and Jim Sturgess. There are also other famous actors and singers who appear in the movie: Bono, who plays \"Dr. Robert\", Eddie Izzard as \"Mr. Kite\", Dana Fuchs as a musician called \"Sexy Sadie\", and Salma Hayek as a nurse.\nThe movie was released in North America on October 12, 2007.\nPlot.\nThe story starts in the early 1960s. A young ship builder from Liverpool named Jude (played by Jim Sturgess) travels by ship to the United States in search of his American G.I. father called Wes (Played by Robert Clohessy). They have never met and his father does not know Jude exists. While looking for his father at Princeton, Jude makes friends with somebody called Max (Played by Joe Anderson), a rebellious young man from a rich background, and Max's sister Lucy (Played by Evan Rachel Wood). When Max drops out of college and moves to New York City, Jude goes with him. Max works as a taxi driver, while Jude tries to find work as an independent artist. They become roommates in a bohemian area of the city where they share an apartment with other people, including a woman called Sadie (Played by Dana Fuchs) who is their landlady and who is also trying to become singer. Other people who live in the same house include Jojo (Played by Martin Luther McCoy), a guitarist who arrives from Detroit after the death of his younger brother; and Prudence (Played by T.V. Carpio), a young lesbian who hitchhikes to New York City from Dayton, Ohio. Lucy joins them in the New York flat after her boyfriend is killed in the Vietnam War.\nLucy and Jude begin dating, as well as Sadie and Jojo, which leaves Prudence depressed. When Max is sent to Vietnam, Lucy becomes involved in an extreme anti-war group, which leads to tension with the non-political Jude. He is unhappy with the amount of time she spends with the political group, suspecting that its leader, Paco (Logan Marshall-Green), is a man who obsessively seduces and deceives women. Jude's art and his relationship with Lucy both start to break down. Meanwhile, Sadie has formed a band called Sadie and the Po Boys, with Jojo as her lead guitarist. She gains the attention of a manager (James Urbaniak) who signs her to a record label, but he wants her to drop her backing band. This leads to a break up between Sadie and Jojo, both musically and romantically.\nThe differences between Jude and Lucy grow. One day, Jude goes into the offices of the political group where Lucy works and is kicked out after punching Paco. This causes a fight between the couple, resulting in Lucy leaving Jude. Jude finds her at an anti-war demonstration at Columbia University during which many protesters, including Lucy, are arrested. When trying to help her, Jude is also arrested. Though Wes (Jude's Father) persuades the police not to take further action for activity at the protest, he cannot prove that Jude is his son, and Jude is sent back to England.\nMax is wounded in Vietnam and is emotionally and mentally troubled by his war experience, while Lucy remains involved in her anti-war group that is becoming more and more violent. After Lucy goes to the old headquarters of her anti-war group, she discovers Paco and some of his followers making bombs. She then decides to leave the group. One of Paco's bombs explodes, destroying the building. Jude reads about the explosion in a Liverpool newspaper and is concerned that Lucy has died. He then hears from Max that she is alive, and he arranges to return to the United States properly and without breaking the law. He meets Max, who drives him to Sadie's music headquarters where a Beatles-style rooftop concert is being held by Jojo, Sadie, and their band singing an anti-war song (Don't let me down). Lucy is supposed to be there to meet Jude again, but no one can find her, and the group is forced to leave when the police arrive. But Jude manages to sneak back onto the roof and begins to sing \"All you need is Love\", his eyes searching the crowd for Lucy. The rest of the band sneaks back onto the roof, too and they join him with their voices and instruments. Jude smiles sadly and turns to leave the roof, but Max suddenly points as they sing, and Jude turns to see Lucy standing on the roof across the street, singing along. They smile at one another with tears in their eyes, and the screen fades out to white clouds and blue sky.\nMovie soundtrack.\nThe movie's end credits show that a total of thirty-three separate Beatles songs featured in the movie, either in full or in part. All of these songs were written between 1963 and 1970 by the members of The Beatles (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr) and recorded by The Beatles. Thirty of them are songs that are officially credited to the songwriting partnership of Lennon-McCartney. Three are credited to George Harrison. One title (\"Flying\") is a 1967 song credited to all four members of the Beatles (Lennon-McCartney-Harrison-Starkey).\nThirty-one of the soundtrack's songs feature vocals. Two of them (\"And I Love Her\" and \"A Day in the Life\") are brief instrumental versions of songs that were originally written with lyrics. One song (\"Flying\") was originally written as an instrumental.\nTwenty-five of the vocal tracks are performed by one or more of the six lead cast members. Four of the songs are sung by stars with cameo roles (Bono, Eddie Izzard, Salma Hayek and Joe Cocker). One song (\"Let It Be\") is sung by supporting members of the cast. One song (\"Blue Jay Way\") is sung by indie Texan trio The Secret Machines. In twenty-nine of the vocal tracks, the vocalists are singing on-screen. Two of the vocal tracks (\"Blue Jay Way\" and \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\") are sung by off-screen vocalists.\nThe remaining three of the thirty-four songs are rendered instrumentally. \"Flying\" is performed by The Secret Machines, \"And I Love Her\" is heard briefly as part of the orchestral score, and \"A Day in the Life\" is performed on guitar by Jeff Beck in a version recorded for Sir George Martin's 1998 album \"In My Life\".\nIn addition to the thirty-four Beatles songs, the soundtrack features an original score written by Elliot Goldenthal. Goldenthal worked on Taymor's previous movies \"Titus\" and \"Frida\". (Goldenthal and director Taymor have also been partners since 1982.)\nBeatles songs featured in the movie.\nThis is a listing of the thirty-four songs written by members of The Beatles that are heard on the soundtrack, in the order featured in the movie. This listing includes notation of three songs that are heard twice in the course of the movie, so there are a total of thirty-seven individual music cues.\nProduction dispute.\nIn March 2007, the media reported a dispute over the final cut of the movie. Concerned with the length of director Julie Taymor's cut of the movie, Revolution Studios (production studio) chairman Joe Roth tested a sneak preview of a shortened version without first informing Taymor. The incident caused a quarrel between the two, later involving Sony Pictures (distributor) Amy Pascal urging Taymor to agree to the shorter version. After several months of dispute, Taymor's version was eventually reinstated as the theatrically released version.\nReception.\nThe movie received mixed reviews from critics. As of January 6, 2008, the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 53% of critics gave the movie positive reviews, based on 180 reviews. However, the movie is currently at 82% with the Rotten Tomatoes community. Metacritic reported the movie had an average score of 56 out of 100, based on 29 reviews.\nTop ten lists.\nThe movie appeared on a few critics' top ten lists of the best movies of 2007."}
+{"id": "69358", "revid": "487619", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69358", "title": "Hugo Weaving", "text": "Hugo Wallace Weaving (born 4 April 1960) is a British-Australian actor. He is also well known as a voice actor. Weaving is most famous for his roles as \"Agent Smith\" in \"The Matrix\" and \"Elrond\" in \"The Lord of the Rings\" movie trilogy, the main character of \"V for Vendetta\" and the voices of \"Noah the Elder\" in \"Happy Feet\", \"Megatron\" in \"Transformers\" and \"Rex\" in \"Babe\" and \"\". He was born in Nigeria to English parents. He spent his childhood in South Africa and then moved to the United Kingdom when he was a teenager. He moved to Australia in 1976."}
+{"id": "69359", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69359", "title": "Battle of the Philippine Sea", "text": "The Battle of the Philippine Sea was an important naval battle of the Second World War between the navies of the United States and Japan. This battle took place on June 19 and 20, 1944 near the Mariana Islands, and involved two big naval forces and many Japanese aircraft from bases on land. The battle was a great defeat for the Japanese Navy, which lost three aircraft carriers and some 600 aircraft in two days of combat. This happened because the Japanese airplanes were getting old and their pilots had little training, compared to the more modern and better trained American forces. After the battle, the Japanese Navy was almost completely destroyed. This victory for Allied forces opened the door for the invasion of Iwo Jima."}
+{"id": "69360", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69360", "title": "Allied", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69361", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69361", "title": "US Air force", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69369", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69369", "title": "Tour of Britain", "text": "The Tour of Britain is the name of a cycle race held in United Kingdom. The race is made up of several parts in which the racers go from place to place across parts of Great Britain. The history of the event dates back to 1951. The Tour of Britain is part of the UCI's European Tour.\nThe race includes teams from Scotland and Wales, as well as a Great Britain team. In recent years, no English team has been entered. Teams from outside the UK compete too, for example in 2007 Team T-Mobile will take part.\nThe latest version, a professional stage race, was first run in 2004.\nHistory.\nThe Tour of Britain has had different names. This is because many different companies or groups of people have provided the money needed to have the event happen (\"sponsors\").\nThe modern tour.\n2004 Tour of Britain.\nThe first edition of the latest version of the Tour of Britain took place over five days in early September 2004. It was organised by SweetSpot along with British Cycling. The race was sponsored by the organisers of London's 2012 Olympics bid. It was well-promoted and many well-known teams were a part of the race. Such teams included T-Mobile (Germany) and U.S. Postal Service (USA). This was partly due to it being a 2.3 category race on the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) calendar.\nThe 2004 route ended with a 45 mile (72\u00a0km) criterium in London, where tens of thousands of people watching saw a long break by Londoner Bradley Wiggins last until the final lap. Enrico Degano of Team Barloworld passed him on the final lap to win that stage of the race. The Colombian Mauricio Ardila, of Chocolade Jacques, won the Tour overall.\n2005 Tour of Britain.\nThe 2005 race was run as a UCI 2.1 category in six stages starting in Glasgow on 30 August and finishing in London on 4 September:\n2006 Tour of Britain.\nThe Tour of Britain 2006 took place from the 29 August to 3 September as a UCI category 2.1 event. Martin Pedersen and Andy Schleck of Team CSC won the overall and King of the Mountains classification, respectively. Mark Cavendish (T-Mobile Team) won the points classification and Johan Van Summeren (Davitamon-Lotto) captured the sprints classification.\n2007 Tour of Britain.\nThe 2007 edition of the Tour of Britain stage race was run as a UCI 2.1 category in seven stages starting in London on 9 September and finishing in Glasgow on 15 September. The Tour was extended to seven days for 2007, with the extra day being used to run a stage in Somerset for the first time. Instead of finishing in London as in previous years, the 2007 race started in London and finished in Glasgow, which is using the event to boost its bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games."}
+{"id": "69371", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69371", "title": "UCI", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69372", "revid": "859102", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69372", "title": "Tengiz", "text": "Tengiz is a lake in Kazakhstan, Kostanay oblast near Russia. This lake has an area of about 1950\u00a0km2."}
+{"id": "69374", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69374", "title": "Aike", "text": "Aike is a lake on the border between Kazakhstan and Russia. The lake has an area of about . The village of Terensay is on the coast of the lake. The lake is at "}
+{"id": "69375", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69375", "title": "Tamgaly", "text": "Tamgaly is a lake in Kazakhstan, in South Kazakhstan oblast. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site where petroglyphs (rock pictures) have been found."}
+{"id": "69376", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69376", "title": "Union Cycliste Internationale", "text": "The International Cycling Union (\"Union Cycliste\" \"Internationale\" or the UCI) is the governing body of bicycle racing in the world. It sets out rules for bicycle design, and types of races. The UCI also issues licences to racing teams which gives them permission to compete in one of the ranks or \"tours\".\nThe Tour grades.\nThe ProTour is the highest grade, the 20 best teams are in the \"UCI ProTour\", and all of the races are in Europe.\nThere are also five Continental Circuits (one each for Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and the Americas). They are the next highest grade after the UCI ProTour. The circuits were designed by UCI to encourage cycle racing outside the European continent, where it is most popular and where the three Grand Tour stage races Vuelta Ciclista a Espa\u00f1a, Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia are run. The Grand Tours are part of the ProTour"}
+{"id": "69377", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69377", "title": "Ashchikol", "text": "Ashchikol is a lake in Kazakhstan, in Kyzylorda oblast. It is near the north border of the country."}
+{"id": "69378", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69378", "title": "Milk Race", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69379", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69379", "title": "Kajbagar", "text": "Kajbagar is a lake in Kustanay Oblast, Kazakhstan. Kushmurun Lake is about to the west."}
+{"id": "69381", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69381", "title": "Milk Marketing Board", "text": "The Milk Marketing Board was an agency of the British government. \nThe Board bought all of the milk in England and Wales from dairy farmers and passed it on to be processed and sold. This way small farmers always got a fair price, because no big producer could sell their milk more cheaply.\nThe Board was first set up in 1933. In 1933 and 1934 three other boards were set up for Scotland and one for Northern Ireland in 1955.\nFrom 1958 until it was abolished the Milk Marketing Board paid money for the Tour of Britain bicycle race, which was called \"The Milk Race\".\nOther websites.\nHistory of the Milk Marketing Boards "}
+{"id": "69387", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69387", "title": "Smithsonian Institution", "text": " \nThe Smithsonian Institution is an educational and research institute and museum complex. Most of the institution is in Washington, D.C., but its 19 museums, zoo, and eight research centers include sites in New York City, Virginia, Panama, and elsewhere. It has over 137 million items in its collections. \nA monthly magazine published by the Smithsonian Institution is also named the \"Smithsonian\".\nHistory.\nThe Smithsonian Institution was founded for the \"increase and diffusion\" of knowledge by a bequest to the United States by the British scientist James Smithson (1765\u20131829), who had never visited the United States himself. In Smithson's will, he stated that should his nephew, Henry James Hungerford, die without heirs, the Smithson estate would go to the United States of America for creating an \"Establishment for the increase & diffusion of Knowledge among men\". After the nephew died without heirs in 1835, President Andrew Jackson informed Congress of the bequest, which amounted to 104,960 gold sovereigns, or USD 500,000 ($9,235,277 in 2005 U.S. dollars after inflation).\nEight years later, Congress passed an act establishing the Smithsonian Institution. It is administered and funded by the U.S. government, and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its shops and magazine.\nThe Smithsonian Institution Building on the National Mall is known as \"The Castle\", because its design looks similar to a European castle.\nThough the Smithsonian's first leader (called \"Secretary\"), Joseph Henry, wanted the Institution to be a center for scientific research, before long it became the depository for various Washington and U.S. government collections. \nThe voyage of the U.S. Navy went around the world between 1838 and 1842. The United States Exploring Expedition collected thousands of animal specimens, herbs, shells, minerals, tropical birds, jars of seawater and ethnographic specimens from the South Pacific. These specimens and artefacts became part of the Smithsonian collections. So did those collected by the military and civilian surveys in the American West.\nSmithsonian museums.\nChantilly, VA.\nIn addition, there are many museums that are Smithsonian affiliates."}
+{"id": "69388", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69388", "title": "FC United of Manchester", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69398", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69398", "title": "Battle of Leyte Gulf", "text": "The Battle of Leyte Gulf, was the biggest naval battle in modern history. The battle was part of World War II, and happened in the seas near the Philippines island of Leyte. It took place from 23 October to 26 October 1944, between the Allies and the Empire of Japan. The Allies started the battle to cut the way between Japan and its colonies in South East Asia. Japan took its oil for fuel from that area. The Japanese gathered all the ships they had left to fight the Allied troops. However, they failed and lost many ships and aircraft.\nThe battle was the last big naval fight of World War II. Without fuel, the Imperial Japanese Navy never again sailed to battle. Most of their ships returned to Japan, and were inactive for the rest of the war.\nThe first use of kamikaze aircraft was during this battle. A kamikaze hit the Australian flagship \"HMAS Australia\" on 21 October. Many other suicide attacks by the \"Special Attack Force\" began on 25 October, and did great damage to the Allied ships."}
+{"id": "69400", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69400", "title": "Ottoman Sultan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69401", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69401", "title": "Ottoman dynasty", "text": "The Ottoman dynasty () (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. The dynasty began in northwestern Anatolia with the Oghuz Turk chieftain Osman I, but it was not recognized until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. The dynasty might have been known as S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct before 1383, but it was later renamed \"Osmanli\" (Ottoman in English) in honor of Osman I.\nThe sultan was the sole ruler of the empire. Actual power often shifted to officials, such as the Grand Vizier, an office that eventually became Prime Minister and head of Parliament.\nExpelled from the Imperial House.\n(a) HIH Princess Hamide Nermin Nezahat Sultana [1923 - 1998] by Adile Hanimsultan, a granddaughter of Abd\u00fclhamid II."}
+{"id": "69402", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69402", "title": "Grand vizier", "text": "Grand Vizier, Sadr-\u0131 Azam (Sadrazam) or Serdar-\u0131 Ekrem (in Ottoman Turkish \"\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\" or \"\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\"), was the most important minister of the Sultan. The Grand Vizier had absolute power of attorney and could only be removed by the Sultan. He held the imperial seal and he could gather all other viziers to attend meetings regarding state affairs. The title is derived originally from the Persian word \"Vizier\" (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631). The title of Grand Vizier corresponds to that of a prime minister."}
+{"id": "69403", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69403", "title": "1446", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69404", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69404", "title": "List of Ottoman Grand Viziers", "text": "This is the list of Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire."}
+{"id": "69405", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69405", "title": "K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc family", "text": "The K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc family was an Ottoman noble family with origins from Albania. The family provided six Ottoman Grand Viziers. Several other family members became high-ranking Ottoman officers."}
+{"id": "69406", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69406", "title": "1281", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69408", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69408", "title": "1283", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69411", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69411", "title": "1287", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69415", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69415", "title": "Ashley Tisdale", "text": "Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer and producer. She is known for co-starring in the movies \"High School Musical\", \"High School Musical 2\" and She played candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick on the Disney Channel television series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.\" \"S\"he also voiced Candace Flynn in the animated series \"Phineas and Ferb\".\nShe began singing and acting at an early age. Her first studio album was called \"Headstrong.\" Some of her songs are \"\"\"Be Good to Me\", \"Headstrong\", \"Not that Girl\" and \"Over It\"\". \"Her second album was \"Guilty Pleasure. \"The songs on it include \"It's Alright It's Okay\", \"Hot Mess\", \"Hair\" and \"Crank it Up\". \nHer sister Jennifer Tisdale is also an actress and model. Her parents are Mike Tisdale and Lisa Tisdale."}
+{"id": "69417", "revid": "1194303", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69417", "title": "Angela Beesley Starling", "text": "Angela Beesley Starling (born on August 3, 1977) is a British web entrepreneur. She started as a volunteer editor at the English Wikipedia in February 2003. In June 2004, she was elected to the board of the Wikimedia Foundation and re-elected in July 2005. \nShe worked with Jimmy Wales and started Wikia (Now known as Fandom) with him. She was the vice-president of Wikia until 2012, when she left the company.\nShe is married to Tim Starling."}
+{"id": "69418", "revid": "1590957", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69418", "title": "Derby (horse race)", "text": "Derby is a type of race for horses. The race is named after Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby. A Derby only allows a certain age of horse to race. Most Derbies in the United States and the United Kingdom require the horse be three years old to race. So if the horse misses the Kentucky Derby when he is three, he will not get another chance to race in it. Derbies in other countries sometimes require the horse to be four years old."}
+{"id": "69419", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69419", "title": "Reef", "text": "A reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature below the water surface (less than 80 meters below low water).\nThe best-known reefs are the coral reefs in tropical waters. They are built by corals and calcareous algae. Artificial reefs such as shipwrecks are sometimes created to attract fish and other organisms."}
+{"id": "69420", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69420", "title": "Luba Goy", "text": "Luba Goy (born 8 November 1945 in Germany) is now a Canadian comedienne and a Canadian television star. She is of Ukrainian descent. She was probably best known as one of the stars of the Canadian comedy show \"Royal Canadian Air Farce\"."}
+{"id": "69421", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69421", "title": "Tina Fey", "text": "Elizabeth Stamatina \"Tina\" Fey (; born May 18, 1970) is an American actress, comedienne, writer, and producer. She has received seven Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, four Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Writers Guild of America Awards. She was called the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008 by the Associated Press. They gave her their AP Entertainer of the Year award.\nFey graduated from the University of Virginia in 1992. She then moved to Chicago to take classes at the improvisational comedy group The Second City. She became a featured player there in 1994. Three years later, Fey became a writer for the sketch comedy show \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\"). She was promoted to the position of head writer in 1999. The following year, Fey was added to the cast of \"SNL\". During her time there, she was co-anchor of the show's \"Weekend Update\". After leaving \"SNL\" in 2006, she created her own television series called \"30 Rock\". The show is a situation comedy somewhat based on her experiences at \"SNL\". In the show, Fey plays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series.\nIn 2004, Fey made her movie debut as writer and co-star of the teen comedy \"Mean Girls\". In 2008, she starred in the comedy movie \"Baby Mama\", with Amy Poehler. In 2009, Fey won an Emmy Award for her satirical portrayal of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a guest appearance on \"SNL\".\nEarly life.\nFey was born in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, a township just outside of Philadelphia. Her mother is Zenovia \"Jeanne\" (n\u00e9e Xenakes), a brokerage employee of Greek ancestry. Her father is Donald Fey, a university grant proposal-writer of German and Scottish ancestry. She has a brother, who is eight years older, named Peter.\nFey was exposed to comedy early. She recalls:\nShe also grew up watching \"Second City Television\" (\"SCTV\") and says Catherine O'Hara is one of her role models.\nFey attended Cardington Elementary School and Beverly Hills Middle School in Upper Darby. By middle school, she knew she was interested in comedy. She did an independent-study project on the subject in eighth grade. Fey attended Upper Darby High School. There she was an honor student, a member of the choir, drama club, and tennis team. She was also co-editor of the school's newspaper. After her graduation in 1988, Fey enrolled at the University of Virginia. She studied playwriting and acting there. She graduated in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in drama.\nCareer.\nEarly career.\nAfter graduating, Fey first had plans to do graduate work in drama at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois. But \"I just got this feeling like it wasn't going to work out\u00a0... [that] they were take my money and then cut me from the program.\" She moved to Chicago anyway, knowing about the improvisational comedy group, The Second City. She took night classes at Second City. She had a day job working at the front desk of a YMCA in Evanston to pay for her classes. Once her Second City training began, she became highly involved in the \"cult of improvisation\". She became, as she called it later, \"like one of those athletes trying to get into the Olympics. It was all about blind focus. I was so sure that I was doing exactly what I'd been put on this earth to do, and I would have done anything to make it onto that stage. Not because of \"SNL\", but because I wanted to devote my life to improv. I would have been perfectly happy to stay at Second City forever.\"\nIn 1994, she joined the cast of The Second City. She performed eight shows a week, for two years. She was also in the revues \"Citizen Gates\" (1996) and \"Paradigm Lost\" (1997., She performed with Scott Adsit, Kevin Dorff, Rachel Dratch, Jenna Jolovitz, and Jim Zulevic. Improvisation became an important part of her understanding of what it means to be an actress, as she noted in an interview for \"The Believer\" in November 2003:\nWhile in Chicago, Fey also made what she later called an \"amateurish\" try at stand-up comedy. She also performed at the ImprovOlympic theater.\n\"Saturday Night Live\" (1998\u20132006).\nWhile performing shows with the Second City in 1997, Fey sent several scripts to NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\"). She had been asked to send them by \"SNL\"'s head writer Adam McKay. McKay was a former performer at Second City. She was hired as a writer for \"SNL\" following a meeting with \"SNL\" creator Lorne Michaels. Fey moved to New York. She told \"The New Yorker\", \"I\u2019d had my eye on the show forever, the way other kids have their eye on Derek Jeter.\" At first, Fey \"struggled\" at \"SNL\". Her first sketch to air starred Chris Farley in a Sally Jessy Raphael satire. Fey went on to write a series of parodies. This included one of ABC's morning talk show \"The View\". She co-wrote the \"Sully and Denise\" sketches with Rachel Dratch, who plays one of the teens.\nFey played an extra in one of the episodes in 1998. After watching herself, she decided to diet. By dieting she lost 30\u00a0pounds. She told \"The New York Times\", \"I was a completely normal weight. But I was here in New York City, I had money and I couldn't buy any clothes. After I lost weight, there was interest in putting me on camera.\" In 1999, McKay quit as head writer. Michaels asked Fey to replace McKay. She became \"SNL\"'s first female head writer. Fey does not make a big deal about this accomplishment because there have not been very many head writers.\nIn 2000, Fey began performing in sketches. She and Jimmy Fallon became co-anchors of \"SNL's Weekend Update\" segment. Fey admitted she did not ask to audition, but that Michaels asked her to do it. Michaels explained that there was \"chemistry\" (connection) between Fey and Fallon. Michaels, however, said that choosing Fey was \"kind of risky\" at the time. Her role in \"Weekend Update\" was well received by critics. Ken Tucker of \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote: \"...Fey delivers such blow darts\u00a0\u2013 poison filled jokes written in long, precisely parsed sentences unprecedented in \"Update\" history\u00a0\u2013 with such a bright, sunny countenance makes her all the more devilishly delightful.\" Dennis Miller, a former cast member of \"SNL\" and anchor of \"Weekend Update\", was pleased with Fey as one of the anchors for the segment: \"...Fey might be the best \"Weekend Update\" anchor who ever did it. She writes the funniest jokes\". Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\", however, commented that he was \"not enamored\" with the pairing.\nIn 2001, Fey and the writing staff won a Writers Guild of America Award for \"SNL\"'s 25th anniversary special. The following year at the 2002 Emmy Awards ceremony, she and the writing team won the Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program.\nThe pairing of Fey and Fallon ended in May 2004. Fallon left the show at the end of that season. He was replaced by Amy Poehler. It was the first time that two women co-anchored \"Weekend Update\". Fey revealed that she \"hired\" Poehler as her co-host for the segment. The reception to the teaming of Fey and Poehler was positive. Rachel Sklar of the \"Chicago Tribune\" noting that the pairing \"has been a hilarious, pitch-perfect success as they play off each other with quick one-liners and deadpan delivery\".\nThe 2005-2006 season was Fey's last. After it she left to make \"30 Rock\".\n\"30 Rock\" (2006\u2013present).\nIn 2002, Fey suggested a pilot episode for a situation comedy about a cable news network to NBC, who rejected it. The pilot was written again to focus on an \"SNL\" style series. It was accepted by NBC. She signed a contract with NBC in May 2003. It allowed her to remain in her \"SNL\" head writer position at least through the 2004\u20132005 television season. As part of the contract, Fey was to develop a primetime project to be produced by Broadway Video and NBC Universal. She began developing the pilot project under the working title \"Untitled Tina Fey Project\". The pilot, directed by Adam Bernstein, centered on the head writer of a variety show and how she managed her relationships with the show's star and its executive producer. In October 2006, the pilot aired on NBC as \"30 Rock\". Although the episode received generally good reviews, it finished third in its timeslot.\nThe network gave the series a second season, which began in October 2007. The show's third season premiered on October 30, 2008. The premiere episode set records for the highest ratings of the series. In January 2009, NBC renewed \"30 Rock\" for the 2009\u20132010 season.\nIn 2007, Fey received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series. The show itself won the 2007 Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series. In 2008, she won the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and Emmy awards all in the category for Best Actress in a Comedy Series. The following year, Fey again won the Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award in the same categories. She was also nominated for an Emmy Award. In early 2010, Fey received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Lead Actress.\nSarah Palin.\nIn September and October 2008 Fey was a guest on \"SNL\" to perform a series of parodies of Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. On the 34th season premiere episode, aired September 13, 2008, Fey imitated Palin in a sketch, alongside Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton. Their act included Clinton making fun of Palin about her \"Tina Fey glasses\". The sketch quickly became NBC.com's most-watched viral video ever. It had 5.7\u00a0million views by the following Wednesday. Fey acted in the role again on the October 4 show. She also acted as Palin on the October 18 show where she was joined by the real Sarah Palin. The October 18 show had the best ratings of any \"SNL\" show since 1994. The following year Fey won an Emmy in the category of Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her acting as Palin.\nIn December 2009, \"Entertainment Weekly\" put her impersonation on its end-of-the-decade, \"best-of\" list, writing, \"Fey's freakishly spot-on \"SNL\" impersonation of the wannabe VP (and her ability to strike a balance between comedy and cruelty) made for truly transcendent television.\"\nOther work.\nIn 2000, Fey worked with fellow \"SNL\" cast member Rachel Dratch in the Off Broadway two-woman show \"Dratch & Fey\" at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City. The show was well received by critics. Tim Townsend of \"The Wall Street Journal\" in review of \"Dratch & Fey\", wrote that the fun part of watching them perform was \"seeing how comfortable they are with each other\". He said that the show \"isn't about two women being funny. [...] Dratch and Fey are just funny. Period.\" One of the \"SNL\" sketches, \"Sully and Denise\", originated at Second City in Chicago.\nOn August 13, 2007, Fey was a guest on the children's television series \"Sesame Street\", in the episode, \"The Bookaneers\". She appeared as a guest judge on the November 25, 2007 episode of the Food Network program \"Iron Chef America\". Fey has appeared in Disney's campaign \"Year of a Million Dreams\" as Tinker Bell, along with Mikhail Baryshnikov as Peter Pan and Gisele B\u00fcndchen as Wendy Darling. She has also done commercials for American Express credit card.\nOn February 23, 2008, Fey hosted the first episode of \"SNL\" after the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike. For this appearance, she was nominated for an Emmy in the category of Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program.\nMovies.\nIn 2002, Fey appeared in the comedy \"Martin & Orloff\". She made her debut as writer and co-star of the 2004 teen comedy \"Mean Girls\". Characters and behaviors in the movie are based on Fey's high school life at Upper Darby High School. It is also based on the non-fiction book \"Queen Bees and Wannabes\" by Rosalind Wiseman. The cast includes other past cast members of \"SNL\" including Tim Meadows, Ana Gasteyer, and Amy Poehler. The movie received favorable reviews. It was a box office success, grossing $129\u00a0million worldwide.\nIn a 2004 interview, Fey said that she would like to write and direct movies in which she has small parts. As of April 2006, Fey has been working on a movie script for Paramount Pictures, which will feature Sacha Baron Cohen, by the name of \"Curly Oxide and Vic Thrill\". It is based loosely on the true story of a Hasidic rock musician. In 2007, she was cast in the animated comedy movie \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters\" as the teens' mother, a giant burrito.\nFey and former \"SNL\" castmate Amy Poehler starred in the 2008 comedy \"Baby Mama\". The movie was written and directed by Michael McCullers. The movie is about Kate (Fey), a business woman, who wants a child but, discovering she has only a million-to-one chance of getting pregnant, decides to find a surrogate: Angie (Poehler), a white-trash schemer. \"Baby Mama\" received mixed reviews, but many critics enjoyed Fey's performance. Todd McCarthy of \"Variety\" wrote: \"Fey is a delight to watch throughout. Able to convey Kate's intentions and feelings through the simple looks and inflections, she never melodramatizes her situation; nor does her efficient, perfectionist side become overbearing.\" The movie grossed over $64\u00a0million at the box office.\nFey's projects after 2008 include her giving her voice to the character Lisa in the English language version of the Japanese animated movie \"Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea\" (titled \"Ponyo\" for its U.S. release). In 2009, she appeared in \"The Invention of Lying\", alongside Ricky Gervais, Jennifer Garner, Rob Lowe, and Christopher Guest. Her next movie role was in Shawn Levy's comedy \"Date Night\". The movie focuses on a married couple, played by Fey and Steve Carell, who go on a date. However, the night goes wrong for the two. In addition, she has agreed to do voice work for the DreamWorks animated movie \"MegaMind\".\nIn the media.\nFey was ranked in the Hot 100 List at number 80 on \"Maxim\" magazine in 2002. She was named one of \"People\" magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People in 2003. Fey was one of \"People\" magazine's 100 Most Beautiful People in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2007, she was included in \"People\"'s 100 Most Beautiful issue. Also in 2007, Fey placed seventh on the Hot 100 List on AfterEllen.com. She was on the list again the next year, too. However, in 2008 she was number one on the list.\nIn 2001, \"Entertainment Weekly\" named Fey as one of their Entertainers of the Year for her work on \"Weekend Update\". She again was named one of the magazine's Entertainers of the Year in 2007. She placed number two in 2008. In 2009, Fey was named as \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s fifth individual in their 15 Entertainers of the 2000s list. The newspaper editors and broadcast producers of the Associated Press voted Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year as the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008. They cited her impression of Sarah Palin on \"SNL\". She has appeared on the annual Celebrity 100 list by \"Forbes\" in 2008 and 2009 at No. 99 and No. 86.\nIn 2007, the \"New York Post\" included Fey in New York's 50 Most Powerful Women, ranking her at number 33. Fey was among the Time 100, a list of the 100 most influential people in the world, in 2007 and 2009, as selected annually by \"Time\" magazine. Fey's featured article for the 2009 list was written by \"30 Rock\" co-star, Alec Baldwin. She was selected by Barbara Walters as one of America's 10 Most Fascinating People of 2008.\nPersonal life.\nFey is married to Jeff Richmond. Richmond was a composer on \"30 Rock\". They met at Chicago's Second City. The two dated for seven years before marrying in a Greek Orthodox ceremony on June 3, 2001. They have a daughter, Alice Zenobia Richmond, who was born on September 10, 2005, while Fey was still working at \"SNL\". Fey returned to the show on October 22, saying \"I had to get back to work. NBC has me under contract; the baby and I have only a verbal agreement.\" In April 2009, Fey and Richmond bought a $3.4\u00a0million apartment in the Upper West Side in New York City.\nFey has a scar a few inches long on the left side of her chin and cheek. Fey was quoted in the November 25, 2001, \"New York Times\" article as saying about it: \"It's a childhood injury that was kind of grim. And it kind of bums my parents out for me to talk about it\". But in an interview with Fey and Richmond in the January 2009 issue of \"Vanity Fair\", Richmond said the scar comes from a slashing incident, which happened when she was five. Richmond said: \"It was in, like, the front yard of her house, and somebody just came up, and she just thought somebody marked her with a pen.\" She has said she was unsure about talking about it because \"It's impossible to talk about it without somehow seemingly exploiting it.\" Fey shows her right (non-scar) side of her face more often when acting as her character Liz Lemon.\nHer charity work includes support of Autism Speaks. It is a group that sponsors autism research. It hosts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public. At the 64th Golden Globe Awards, Fey wore a blue puzzle piece to raise awareness for the organization. In April 2008, she participated in Night of Too Many Stars, a comedy show benefit for autism education.\nFey is also a supporter of Mercy Corps, a global relief and development organization, in their campaign to end world hunger. Fey narrated a video for Mercy Corps's Action Center in New York City, describing hunger as a symptom of many wider world problems. She also supports the Love Our Children USA organization, which fights violence against children. They named her among their Mothers Who Make a Difference in 2009. She was the 2009 national spokesperson for the Light The Night Walk, which benefits the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.\nAwards and nominations.\nThe following awards are put under the year they were announced. They are not necessarily the year covered by the award ceremony."}
+{"id": "69422", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69422", "title": "Ashley Leggat", "text": "Ashley Margaret Anne Leggat (born September 26, 1986) is a Canadian actress who is known for her roles as \"Casey MacDonald\" in the Canadian series \"Life with Derek\". She is close friends with her television co-star Michael Seater. She has four older brothers. She is also a supporter of anti-bullying along with Michael Seater."}
+{"id": "69423", "revid": "1377197", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69423", "title": "Murder of Jessica Lunsford", "text": "Jessica Marie Lunsford (October 6, 1995 \u2013 February 27, 2005) was an American nine-year-old girl who was abducted from her home in Homosassa, Florida on February 24, 2005, then raped and murdered by 46-year-old John Couey, a known sex offender.\nThe media covered the investigation and trial of her killer extensively. On August 24, 2007, a judge in Inverness, Florida sentenced Couey, a convicted sex offender, to death for kidnapping, raping and murdering her. On September 30, 2009, before the sentences could be carried out, Couey died of natural causes.\nLunsford's murder influenced the legislation in Florida known as \"Jessica's Law\". It is designed to protect potential victims and reduce a sexual offender's ability to re-offend. It has influenced legislation in forty-two other states. "}
+{"id": "69424", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69424", "title": "Puncak Jaya", "text": "Puncak Jaya is a mountain in New Guinea. It the highest mountain in Oceania. It is also called the Carstensz Pyramid.\nThe mountain was first named the Carstensz Pyramid, after Jan Carstenszoon. He was a Dutch explorer who saw the glaciers on it in 1623. Then in 1963 the name was changed to Sukarno Peak by Indonesia, and then later to Puncak Jaya.\nPuncak Jaya is thought of by some as the hardest to climb of the Seven Summits. The first people to reach the top were Heinrich Harrer, Philip Temple, Russell Kippax, and Albertus Huizenga, in 1962. An earlier group were first thought to reach the top in 1936. However, at the time it was not known which summit was the highest. They were able to climb two peaks but not what is now known to be the highest one."}
+{"id": "69425", "revid": "1121896", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69425", "title": "Raviv Ullman", "text": "Raviv \"Ricky\" Ullman (, born on January 24, 1986 in Eilat) is an Israeli-American actor. He played Phil Diffy in the Disney Channel show \"Phil of the Future\".\nEarly life.\nHe was born in Israel to American parents, Laura and Brain Ullman. After his first birthday his family moved to Connecticut. When he went to camp he played Peter Pan in a show. This made him discover his talent in acting, singing, and dancing.\nHe eventually taught himself how to play the drums. He graduated from Fairfield Warde High School. Now he lives in South Carolina."}
+{"id": "69427", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69427", "title": "Homosassa, Florida", "text": "Homosassa is a census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,299 at the 2020 census."}
+{"id": "69429", "revid": "7440", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69429", "title": "Ricky Ullman", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69430", "revid": "10246", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69430", "title": "Traffic signal", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69431", "revid": "1661071", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69431", "title": "Jaws (movie)", "text": "Jaws is a 1975 American thriller movie directed by Steven Spielberg. It is based on the novel \"Jaws\" by Peter Benchley.\nThe events of the movie are set in the small, quiet, fictional seaside resort of Amity, Massachusetts. The movie follows three men as they try to capture and kill a great white shark that is threatening the town on Independence Day. The movie follows Martin Brody, the slightly unheroic local sheriff who must decide whether to follow his instinct to shut the beach for safety reasons or keep the beach open to help the local tourist economy. Matt Hooper, a marine biologist, and Quint, the local shark hunter, help Brody to overcome his fears of the water and stop the great white shark attacks. It has three sequels: \"Jaws 2\", \"Jaws 3\", and \"\".\nAwards.\n\"Jaws\" won three Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, Best Original Dramatic Score, and Best Sound. It was also nominated for Best Picture, losing to \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\". Along with the Oscar, John Williams's score won the Grammy Award, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the Golden Globe Award. To her Academy Award, Verna Fields added the American Cinema Editors' Eddie Award for Best Edited Feature Film.\n\"Jaws\" was chosen Favorite Movie at the People's Choice Awards. It was also nominated for best Film, Director, Actor (Richard Dreyfuss), Editing, Screenplay and Sound at the 29th British Academy Film Awards, and Best Film\u2014Drama, Director, and Screenplay at the 33rd Golden Globe Awards. Spielberg was nominated by the Directors Guild of America for a DGA Award. The Writers Guild of America nominated Peter Benchley and Carl Gottlieb's script for Best Adapted Drama.\nIn 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry. In 2006, its screenplay was ranked the 63rd best of all time by the Writers Guild of America."}
+{"id": "69432", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69432", "title": "Nostalgia", "text": "Nostalgia is an emotion. It is the feeling of enjoying events from the past. People with nostalgia will often look at or use old things that they were familiar with years ago. This is because people feel more connected to those past times that they enjoyed, usually because it reminds them of how long it has been since they last connected to such past times. Examples where people may have the feeling of nostalgia includes watching old TV shows, using old technology that was very enjoyable, and playing with toys that you played with as a child. These memories are usually misleading, and can make someone wish that they could be young again, even if their childhood was mediocre. Human brains often leave out boring or bad memories, which can cause incorrect feelings about their childhood.\nDuring the early Greek times, nostalgia was treated as a mental condition primarily based on extreme homesickness. In modern times, however, nostalgia is treated as a separate emotion. Nostalgia is often associated with positive feelings, often associated with positive memories of the past. The feeling of nostalgia often helps improve the mood of the person who is experiencing nostalgia. It also makes the person feel more connected to society. It can make the person feel more aware about living life to the best. Nostalgia is also shown to help reinforce memories, as well as assist with learning.\nAnimals, such as cats and dogs, can also feel nostalgia."}
+{"id": "69433", "revid": "283399", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69433", "title": "Alcazar (band)", "text": "Alcazar is a Swedish pop group who had a string of hit singles during the early 2000s decade and are continuing successfully today.\nAlcazar have taken part in the \"Melodifestivalen\", the competition that selects Sweden's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest three imes. In 2003 \"Not A Sinner, Nor A Saint\" came third overall. But it became the biggest hit of all the songs in Melodifestivalen 2003 and won the National Finals Song Contest. It became Alcazar's first #1 single in Sweden and did sell gold. In 2005 \"Alcastar\" failed to qualify for the final automatically, but eventually made it through after a second chance semi-final. However, the group again had to settle for third in the final, which was won by Martin Stenmarck's song \"Las Vegas\". But the song became a hit and only needed three days in stores to became Alcazar's second #1 single in Sweden. In 2009 their \"Stay the night\" came fourth in TV-voting and fifth overall. "}
+{"id": "69434", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69434", "title": "Fragrant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69435", "revid": "165650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69435", "title": "Farewell", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69436", "revid": "1669887", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69436", "title": "Julie Andrews", "text": "Dame Julie Andrews (born Julia Elizabeth Wells; 1 October 1935) is a British actress, dancer, singer and writer. She was born in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Andrews was a child actress and singer. She appeared on the West End in 1988. She made her Broadway debut in \"The Boy Friend\" in 1994. She starred in the stage musicals \"My Fair Lady\" and \"Camelot\" with real success. In 2007, she appeared on television in the musical \"Cinderella\". She has also been author to two of her own memoirs.\nAndrews made her movie debut in \"Mary Poppins\" in 1964. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for this performance. She appeared in \"The Sound of Music\" in 1985. Between 1984 and 1987, Andrews appeared in \"The Americanization of Emily\", \"Hawaii\", \"Torn Curtain\", and \"Thoroughly Modern Millie\". In the 1990s, Andrews had a few commercial disappointments before appearing successfully in \"10\" (1999) and \"Victor/Victoria\" (2002). Her career sagged in the 2000s. Her voice was damaged by a throat operation in 2007.\nAndrews appeared successfully in dramatic roles in \"The Princess Diaries\" in 2001, and its sequel \"The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement\" in 2004. She had voice roles in the \"Shrek\" animated movies. In 2003 and again in 2005, Andrews directed revivals of her first Broadway hit, \"The Boy Friend\", in New York and Connecticut. Andrews has also written children's books. In 2008, she published her autobiography, \"Home: A Memoir of My Early Years\". Andrews has received many awards during her career including an Academy Award, Emmy Award, Golden Globe Award, Grammy Award, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, and Screen Actors Guild honors. In 2000, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) by Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts."}
+{"id": "69437", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69437", "title": "Maidservant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69438", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69438", "title": "Die Zauberflote", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69439", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69439", "title": "Die Zauberfl\u00f6te", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69443", "revid": "165650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69443", "title": "Mount", "text": "Mount has three main meanings. \nMountain.\n\"Mount\" is often used to mean \"mountain\", as part of a name e.g. Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley, Mount Everest. \nMount as a verb.\nTo \"mount\" something means to put it onto something else. \nMount as a noun.\nA \"mount\" is a thing for mounting something on. \nIt might be a piece of equipment such as: \nIt might be a piece of stiff flat \"backing\" such as: \nIt might be an animal: "}
+{"id": "69444", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69444", "title": "Emperor Hirohito", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69445", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69445", "title": "Odoacer", "text": "Odoacer (Flavius Odoacrus/Odovacar/Odowaker/Odoacer; born c. 430 \u2020 probably March 15, 493 in Ravenna) was a soldier of Germanic descent in the army of the Western Roman Empire. \nWhen he forced the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, to quit his throne in 476, Odoacer became King of Italy. That event is considered by historians to be the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages. After a rule of 17 years, Odoacer was killed in 493, at around the age of 63, by Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great. "}
+{"id": "69446", "revid": "21903", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69446", "title": "Alexios I Komnenos", "text": "Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (; ; 1048 \u2013 August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081\u20131118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena. He was the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057\u20131059). The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire known as Komnenian restoration began in his time."}
+{"id": "69447", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69447", "title": "Alexius I Comnenus", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69456", "revid": "1076609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69456", "title": "Slayer", "text": "Slayer is an American thrash metal band that began in California in 1981. The band was started guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King, as well as drummer Dave Lombardo and bassist/singer Tom Araya. Slayer is one of the \"Big Four\" of thrash metal music, along with Metallica, Anthrax and Megadeth.\nSlayer's music has a fast and angry heavy metal style. The words to the band's songs are about murderers, Satan, religion, racism and war. Singing about these things gave the band a lot of controversy. Their music has inspired many other bands. Their third album, \"Reign in Blood\", has been called one of the heaviest thrash metal albums.\nSlayer has released ten studio albums, two live albums and a box-set. Four of the band's albums have been certified gold by the RIAA. The band has been the top band at many large music festivals around the world and their music has been added to many video games."}
+{"id": "69457", "revid": "1671325", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69457", "title": "Megadeth", "text": "Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. Dave Mustaine started the band in 1983 after Metallica fired him. Megadeth is a member of the \"Big Four\" in thrash metal along with Metallica, Slayer and Anthrax. The band's music is complex. It has a fast tempo and difficult guitar solos.\nIn 1985, Megadeth recorded its first album. It was named \"Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!.\" Independent label Combat Records released the album. After the album came out, Megadeth was noticed by larger record labels. They signed with Capitol Records, who released \"Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?\", in 1986. In the 1980s, many members of Megadeth were addicted to drugs. Band members also had problems with each other. Because of this, they had bad publicity. The band has released many popular albums, such as \"So Far, So Good... So What!\" (1988), \"Rust in Peace\" (1990), and \"Countdown to Extinction\" (1992). \nMegadeth has had many different guitarists, drummers, and bassists. Mustaine is the only member of the original group who is still in the band. The band broke up in 2002 when Mustaine hurt his arm. They got back together in 2004. Megadeth's current members are guitarist and singer Dave Mustaine, guitarist Teemu M\u00e4ntysaari, drummer Dirk Verbeuren and bassist James LoMenzo.\nHistory.\n1983\u20131985: Band starts, \"Killing is My Business\"... \"and Business is Good!\".\nOn April 11, 1983, Metallica fired Dave Mustaine before they released their first album, \"Kill 'Em All\". This was because he was addicted to drugs. He also had problems with James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich. Mustaine was one of the first members of Metallica. He made some of the band's first songs. After he was fired, Mustaine wanted to make a band that had faster, better music than Metallica. While he was riding a bus to Los Angeles, Mustaine read an advertisement by Senator Alan Cranston that had the word \"megadeath\" in it. He liked the word, and wrote a song named \"Megadeth\".\nWhen he got to Los Angeles, Mustaine wanted to make a band. He looked for musicians for it. Bassist David Ellefson and guitarist Greg Handevidt joined the band. He named the band Fallen Angels. He changed the name to Megadeth later.\nHandevidt only stayed in the band for a few months. Mustaine and Ellefson worked well together. Mustaine had trouble finding other people to join Megadeth. Many drummers auditioned to join the band during this time. The band wanted a drummer they could work well with. Lee Rausch joined the band to play the drums. For six months, they tried to find someone that wanted to be the band's singer. Mustaine became the singer so they could start making music. A few singers were in Megadeth before this. None of them stayed in the band.\nIn 1984, Megadeth made three songs. The songs were put in a demo named \"Last Rites.\" The demo was released on March 9, 1984. It had songs such as \"Last Rites/Loved to Death\" and \"Mechanix\". These were later on the band's first album. \nMegadeth could not find a second guitarist that worked well with the band. Kerry King from Slayer played guitar for some of the band's concerts in San Francisco in early 1984. After the concerts, King went back to playing with Slayer. Megadeth replaced Lee Rausch with jazz drummer Gar Samuelson in October 1984. Before joining Megadeth, Samuelson was in a jazz band with a guitarist named Chris Poland. Poland watched Samuelson playing with Megadeth and told Mustaine he wanted to play with the band as well. He joined Megadeth in December 1984.\nMegadeth joined Combat Records after they offered to give the band a lot of money to record music and play at concerts. In 1985, Combat Records gave Megadeth $8,000 to make their first album. The band spent half of it on food, drugs, and alcohol. They fired the producer they were given, and made the album.\n\"Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!\" was released in 1985. Many people who listened to metal liked the album. Bigger record labels noticed Megadeth because the album sold a lot of copies. Vic Rattlehead, the band's mascot, was on the front cover of the album. This was the first time he was shown. Music writer Joel McIver, who liked \"Killing is My Business\", said the album put pressure on other bands. It \"raised the bar for the whole thrash metal scene\".\nIn the middle of 1985, Megadeth went on their first North American tour. It was named the \"Killing for a Living Tour\". Guitarist Mike Albert replaced Chris Poland for the tour because Poland was using drugs. Albert was going to keep playing guitar with Megadeth, but Poland came back to the band in October 1985.\n1986\u20131987: \"Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?\".\nMegadeth wanted to make another good album. Mustaine started writing music for a new one. Other members of the band gave him ideas for songs.\nThe album was made with $25,000 given to the band by Combat Records. Megadeth wanted more money, so they left Combat and joined Capitol Records. Capitol bought the rights to sell the album and hired producer Paul Lani to make the band's recordings sound better. \"Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?\" was released in late 1986. It had better lyrics and recording quality than \"Killing is my Business\". The album had lyrics about social issues. People liked the album's music and lyrics. Megadeth became more popular.\nIn March 1987, Megadeth started its first world tour in the United Kingdom. The tour had other bands, such as Overkill and Necros, and went to the United States. During the tour, Mustaine and Ellefson wanted to fire Samuelson because of his cocaine addiction. Drummer Chuck Behler played with Megadeth for the last few weeks of the tour. This was because band members thought Samuelson was not going to be able to play for the rest of it. Mustaine and Poland had arguments because Mustaine thought Poland was selling the band's supplies to buy heroin. Samuelson and Poland left Megadeth in 1987 for these reasons. Chuck Behler became the band's new drummer. Poland was replaced by guitarist Jeff Young.\n1988\u20131989: \"So Far, So Good... So What!\".\nCapitol Records gave Megadeth a large amount of money to make more music. The band started making an album named \"So Far, So Good... So What!.\" It took almost half a year to record. There were many problems while making the album, such as Mustaine's drug addiction. Mustaine had arguments with the album's producer, Paul Lani. This was because Lani wanted Behler to record his drums and his cymbals at different times. Mustaine and Lani did not talk to each other when the album was being mixed. Michael Wagener replaced Lani. He mixed the album differently.\n\"So Far, So Good... So What!\" was released in January 1988. Critics and people who listened to thrash metal liked the album. The album had a cover version of \"Anarchy in the U.K.\" by the Sex Pistols. The cover had different lyrics than the original. Mustaine later said he heard the song's lyrics wrong when he was making it. After the album came out, Megadeth went on a world tour that lasted almost eight months. After, they had a North American tour with Warlock and Sanctuary and a European tour with other thrash metal bands.\nIn August 1988, Megadeth was at the Monsters of Rock festival in the United Kingdom. They played music for over 100,000 people there. For one show, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich played with the band. Megadeth went on the Monsters of Rock European concert tour. They stopped playing after the first concert because of Ellefson's drug addiction. Ellefson was treated for his issues, and Testament replaced Megadeth for the rest of the tour.\nAfter the band played at Monsters of Rock, Mustaine fired Behler and Young. He also canceled the band's Australian tour. Mustaine later said he did it because he thought \"a lot of us were inconsistent because of [drugs]\". During Monsters of Rock, Mustaine saw Behler using drugs. He had drummer Nick Menza help Behler as a roadie (someone who helps a band with technical work). Menza replaced Behler in 1989. Young was fired because Mustaine thought he was having an affair with his girlfriend. Young said this was not true.\nThe band could not find someone to replace Young quickly. 1989 was the first year since Megadeth was made that the band did not play at a concert. The band made a cover version of Alice Cooper's \"No More Mr. Nice Guy\". It was put on the soundtrack for Wes Craven's movie \"Shocker\". In March 1989, Mustaine crashed into a police officer's car. He was arrested for driving under the influence and having illegal drugs. He got treatment for his drug addiction. He was drug-free for the first time in ten years.\n1990\u20131991: \"Rust in Peace\".\nMegadeth tried to get someone to play the guitar for the band. Slash from Guns N' Roses had been playing with Mustaine and Ellefson. They thought he was going to join Megadeth. However, he stayed with Guns N' Roses. The band asked Dimebag Darrell from Pantera to join the band. He did not. This was because Mustaine did not let Darrell's brother, Vinnie Paul, play drums for the band. The band asked guitarist Criss Oliva to join. Oliva did not want to leave Savatage, so he did not join.\nMarty Friedman joined Megadeth. He was the new main guitarist for the band. Mustaine let Friedman join after listening to his music. Mustaine and Ellefson liked how Friedman played guitar. They thought he could play the type of music Megadeth wanted to make. The band started recording music in March 1990 to make \"Rust in Peace\". Mike Clink was the co-producer of the album. He was the first producer to make a full Megadeth album without being fired.\n\"Rust in Peace\" was released in September 1990. It went to number 23 on the \"Billboard\" 200 music chart. It also went to number 8 in the United Kingdom. The songs on the album had longer guitar solos. Mustaine wrote the album's lyrics in a more complex way. The album made the band more important in rock and metal music. \"Rust in Peace\" had two singles: \"Holy Wars... the Punishment Due\" and \"Hangar 18\". These singles had music videos. They became songs that Megadeth played at every concert. \"Rust in Peace\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1991. It did not win the award.\nIn early 1990, Megadeth went on the Clash of the Titans tour in Europe with Slayer, Testament, Suicidal Tendencies, and many other American thrash metal bands. An American tour happened in 1991, with Slayer, Anthrax, and Alice in Chains. Clash of the Titans was one of the most successful heavy metal concert tours. Megadeth played with Judas Priest during Priest's North American concert tour for \"Painkiller\" in late 1990. In July 1991, the band made the song \"Go to Hell\". It was put in the soundtrack for the movie \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\".\n1992\u20131993: \"Countdown to Extinction\".\nEvery member of the band helped write songs for their fifth studio album. They wrote at two different times: first, after the Clash of the Titans tour; second, in late 1991, after a one-month break. Megadeth started recording the album in January 1992, at Enterprise Studios in Burbank, California. Max Norman, who mixed the music on \"Rust in Peace\", produced the album. Megadeth took almost four months to make the band's best-selling album, \"Countdown to Extinction\". \nThe album came out in July 1992 at number 2 on the United States music charts. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1993 but did not win. Ellefson was disappointed that Megadeth did not win the Grammy. He said that \"the amount of work it had taken to ramp up to that hopeful night was literally gone in a second\".\nA world tour for the album with Pantera and White Zombie started in late 1992. The tour came to North America in early 1993, where Stone Temple Pilots played as well. One month into the North American part of the tour, the rest of the concerts were cancelled because Mustaine was abusing drugs again. He went to the hospital. After seven weeks of getting help for his drug addiction, Mustaine came back to Megadeth. The band made the song \"Angry Again\". It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1994. The song was put on the soundtrack for the 1993 movie \"Last Action Hero\".\nIn the middle of 1993, Megadeth and Metallica played music at many concerts in Europe. In July, Megadeth started touring with Aerosmith, but they stopped after three shows. After their cancelled North American tour, Megadeth made \"99 Ways to Die\", a song that was on the album \"The\" \"Beavis and Butt-Head Experience\". The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1995.\n1994\u20131995: \"Youthanasia\".\nIn early 1994, Megadeth hired producer Max Norman to help make another album. Because three of the band's members lived in Arizona, Megadeth started working on the album at Phase Four Studios, a music studio in Phoenix. After the band worked on the album for a few days, they had problems with the studio's equipment. The band looked for another place to record. Mustaine wanted to record the album in Arizona, but the band could not find anywhere else in the state to do it. The band decided to build a studio in a warehouse, naming it \"Fat Planet in Hangar 18\". They started recording \"Youthanasia\" in this studio. The songs on \"Youthanasia\" had a slower tempo than Megadeth's other songs. The band focused on making music that more people liked, and could easily be played on the radio.\n\"Youthanasia\" was released after eight months of work. It was released in November 1994. It came out at number four in the United States and made the top music charts in many European countries. To get more people to listen to the album, Megadeth did a concert in New York City on Halloween. It was named \"Night of the Living Megadeth\". It was shown on MTV. In November, the band played on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" two times.\nMegadeth started an eleven-month concert tour in South America in late 1994. In 1995, the band played in Europe and North America with many bands, such as Korn, Fear Factory and Corrosion of Conformity. The concert tour ended with the band playing at the Monsters of Rock festival in Brazil with Alice Cooper and Ozzy Osbourne. In July, Megadeth put out \"Hidden Treasures\", an extended play with songs they made that were on movie soundtracks and non-Megadeth albums.\n1996\u20131999: \"Cryptic Writings\" and \"Risk\".\nAfter finishing \"Youthanasia\"'s long world tour, Megadeth took a break for most of 1996. It was the second time they did not play at any concerts for an entire year. During the break, Mustaine started playing with MD.45, a different band he made with singer Lee Ving. The two hired Jimmy DeGrasso, a drummer who played with Alice Cooper during the 1995 Monsters of Rock festival. Marty Friedman built a recording studio in his house in Phoenix, Arizona. He released an album in April 1996.\nIn September 1996, Megadeth went to London to make songs for a new album. The songwriting work was closely watched by Bud Prager, Megadeth's new manager. Prager gave the band many ideas for songs and lyrics. Many song titles and lyrics were changed because of him. They recorded the album in Nashville with producer Dann Huff. Huff had met Mustaine in 1990.\n\"Cryptic Writings\" was released in June 1997. Its main single, \"Trust\", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1998. All four singles from the album went into the top 20 on \"Billboard\"'s Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. \"Cryptic Writings\" had mixed (good and bad) reviews from critics. The album had songs that were very different from each other. The \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that the album was a \"balance\" between metal and experimental music. Mustaine said that the album had three parts. The first was angrier, faster metal, the next one was radio-friendly rock \"like \"Youthanasia\"\", and the last one was happier.\nMegadeth went back to playing live in June 1997. They started a world tour with the Misfits. They also played in North America with Life of Agony and Coal Chamber. In 1998, the band played at Ozzfest. Menza found a tumor on his knee in the middle of the tour. He left to get surgery for it. Jimmy DeGrasso replaced him for the rest of the tour. DeGrasso joined the band after the tour. The band made Menza leave. Mustaine later said he thought Menza was lying about having cancer.\nMegadeth worked with Dann Huff again for their eighth album. The band started writing songs for it in January 1999. Prager helped write five of the album's twelve songs. Prager got Mustaine to give Huff more control over how the album was recorded.\n\"Risk\" was released in August 1999. It did not sell very well. Many fans thought it was a failure. While the albums Megadeth put out before it had rock and metal music, \"Risk\" did not have any thrash metal on it. Many people did not like this.\nOn July 14, 1999, Gar Samuelson died of liver failure in Orange City, Florida. Samuelson used to be the drummer of the band. He was 41 years old. When Megadeth was at Woodstock eleven days later, they played \"Peace Sells\" for Samuelson. The band started a world tour in September. They played with Iron Maiden in Europe. Three months into the tour, guitarist Marty Friedman left the band. Mustaine said that it was because he told Friedman that Megadeth should play more heavy metal music.\n2000\u20132003: \"The World Needs a Hero,\" the band breaks up.\nIn 2000, Al Pitrelli from Savatage replaced Friedman. Megadeth started working on their ninth album in April. After a month, the band played on a concert tour with Anthrax and M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce. Megadeth stopped working on the album to go on tour.\nMegadeth left Capitol Records in July 2000. They were a member of the record label for 15 years. Mustaine said the band left because they were having problems with Capitol's managers. Capitol released a compilation album named \".\" In November, Megadeth joined Sanctuary Records. The band went back to working on its new album, \"The World Needs a Hero\". Mustaine fired Bud Prager. He produced the album by himself. He did this because he knew people did not like \"Risk\", which was an album Prager worked on.\n\"The World Needs a Hero\" was released in May 2001. It was banned in Malaysia because the country's government did not like the album's artwork. Because of this, the band cancelled a concert they were going to play in Kuala Lumpur. The album had more metal music. It was heavier than \"Cryptic Writings\" and \"Risk\".\nIn January 2002, Mustaine went to the hospital because he needed to get a kidney stone removed. After the surgery, he was given medicine to stop his pain, which made him addicted to drugs again. After leaving the hospital, Mustaine went to a treatment place in Texas to fix his drug addiction. He fell asleep with his left arm on the back of a chair. This hurt a nerve in his arm very badly. He could not control his left hand very well.\nIn April, Megadeth broke up because Mustaine could not play the guitar with his injury. For the next four months, he did physical therapy to heal his arm. To stay with Sanctuary Records, Megadeth released a compilation album named \"Still, Alive... and Well?.\" The first half of the album has songs recorded from one of the band's concerts. The second half is songs from \"The World Needs a Hero\".\nAfter a year of rest and therapy, Mustaine started making an album by himself. Later, he stopped working on it so he could remaster the eight albums Megadeth made with Capitol Records.\n2004\u20132005: Band gets back together, \"The System Has Failed\".\nIn May 2004, Mustaine started working on his solo album again. EMI, the band's European record label, said that the album had to be released by Megadeth. Mustaine wanted to get the band back together to release the album. He talked to Nick Menza, Marty Friedman, and David Ellefson about it. Nick Menza wanted to join Megadeth again, but Friedman and Ellefson did not. Menza did not stay with the band for a long time. Mustaine said Menza was not ready for a tour, and \"it just didn't work out\". \"The System Has Failed\" was going to be the band's first album without Ellefson. Chris Poland, who played guitar on Megadeth's first two albums, was hired to make guitar solos. This was the first time Poland and Mustaine worked together since the 1980s. Poland did not join the band because he wanted to work on his jazz project named OHM.\n\"The System Has Failed\" came out in September 2004. Critics liked it. They thought it sounded similar to the original Megadeth albums. Mustaine said that it was going to be the band's last album. He also said Megadeth was starting their last concert tour. Mustaine said that after the tour, he wanted to work on his own music.\nMegadeth started their tour in October. They hired bassist James MacDonough and guitarist Glen Drover. Menza was replaced by Shawn Drover, who stayed with the band. The band toured the United States and Europe with other metal bands. The tour went very well. It made a lot of money. When the band was playing at a festival in Argentina, Mustaine said that the band was going to keep making music.\n2006\u20132008: \"United Abominations\".\nIn February 2006, James MacDonough left the band because of \"personal differences\". Bassist James LoMenzo replaced him. In March, Capitol Records made a DVD named \"Arsenal of Megadeth.\" It had many of the band's music videos, interviews, and live concerts on it. The band went on tour in 2006. They went to North America and Australia with many other metal bands.\nIn May 2006, Megadeth said that their eleventh album, \"United Abominations\", was almost done. It was supposed to be put out in October, but its release was delayed until May 2007. Mustaine said that the band was \"putting the finishing touches on it\". \"United Abominations\" was Megadeth's first album with James LoMenzo, Glen Drover, and Shawn Drover.\n\"United Abominations\" came out at number eight on the \"Billboard\" 200. It sold 54,000 copies in the first week. In March, Megadeth joined Heaven & Hell on a North American tour. They also played in Europe in the summer and went on another tour in the United States.\nIn January 2008, Glen Drover left Megadeth. He was tired of going on tours. He wanted to be with his family more. He also had problems with the other members of the band. Guitarist Chris Broderick replaced Drover. Mustaine said Broderick was \"the best guitarist Megadeth has ever had\".\n2009\u20132010: \"Endgame\".\nIn May 2009, Megadeth made their twelfth album, \"Endgame\". Megadeth started a tour for the album in October. The tour ended in December. In January 2010, the band was supposed to go on tour with Slayer and Testament, but the tour was cancelled. This was because Slayer bassist Tom Araya needed back surgery. A single from \"Endgame\", \"Head Crusher\", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2010.\nIn March, Megadeth started a tour for \"Rust in Peace\". This was because the album was 20 years old. During the tour, the band played the whole album live at every concert. James LoMenzo left the band before the tour. David Ellefson, the band's original bassist, replaced him.\nIn September, the band made the song \"Sudden Death\". It was on the video game \"Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock\". It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.\n2011\u20132014: \"Thirteen\" and \"Super Collider\".\nMegadeth went to the studio they built in Arizona to make their next album. It was produced by John Karkazis. This was because the person who had produced \"United Abominations\" and \"Endgame\" was busy. The album was named \"Thirteen.\" They put a few songs they had already made onto the album, such as \"Sudden Death\" and \"Never Dead\". The album came out in November 2011. It went to number eleven on the \"Billboard\" 200. One of its singles, \"Public Enemy No. 1\", was nominated for a Grammy Award. It did not win.\nIn September 2012, Megadeth said they were going to put out a remastered version of \"Countdown to Extinction\" because the album was 20 years old. The band started a tour for \"Countdown.\" They played the entire album at every concert. Another song from \"Thirteen\", \"Whose Life (Is It Anyways?)\", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2013.\nIn August, Megadeth started working on their fourteenth album. Megadeth left Roadrunner Records at the start of 2013. They joined Mustaine's new record label named Tradecraft. In June, Megadeth released \"Super Collider\". Many critics did not like this album. Shortly after \"Super Collider\" came out, Mustaine said he was already thinking about making another Megadeth album.\nIn November 2014, Drover left the band because he wanted to play his own music. Broderick left the band for the same reason. Ellefson said that Megadeth would not break up again. He said that he and Mustaine would still make new music.\n2015\u20132018: \"Dystopia\".\nMustaine tried to get the band members that made \"Rust in Peace\" to join Megadeth again, but he failed. Instead, he hired drummer Chris Adler (who was a part of Lamb of God) and guitarist Kiko Loureiro. The band started working on a new album. The album was named \"Dystopia.\" It was released in January 2016. The band went on tour for the album in February and March. They played with bands such as Suicidal Tendencies and Children of Bodom. Adler was taken out of the band because he was having trouble being in both Megadeth and Lamb of God. He was replaced by Dirk Verbeuren from Soilwork. Another American tour happened from September to October. Nick Menza, who used to play the drums for the band, died of a heart attack on May 21, 2016.\nThe song \"Dystopia\" won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2017. This was the band's first time winning a Grammy. Before this, they were nominated for Grammys twelve times. Mustaine, Ellefson, Loureiro, and Verbeuren went to the awards show.\nIn 2018, Megadeth made a remaster of their first album, \"Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!\". They made it because the band was 35 years old. The remaster was named \"Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!- The Final Kill\".\n2019\u2013present: \"The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!\".\nIn May 2019, Megadeth went to Tennessee to start working on their next album. They hired Chris Rakestraw to help produce it. Rakestraw was also the producer for \"Dystopia\". On June 17, the band stated that the concerts they planned to play at would be cancelled. This was because a doctor told Mustaine he had throat cancer. Even with Mustaine's condition, the band said they would keep making the new album.\nMegadeth was supposed to go on tour in the summer of 2020 with Trivium and In Flames. The tour was moved to a later date because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The tour happened in the summer of 2021. Hatebreed replaced In Flames for it. In mid-2020, Megadeth went back to making their album. They wanted to release it in 2021.\nWhile talking to fans on Zoom, Mustaine said that the band's sixteenth album was going to be named \"The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!.\" He said that the name of it could change later. In May 2021, sexual videos of Ellefson were put on the internet. He was fired from the band later that month. Mustaine said that Ellefson could never join the band again.\nIn June, Mustaine said that the bass guitar recordings Ellefson made would not be on the new album. A different bassist was going to make new recordings. Mustaine did not say who this bassist was. When the band went on tour before the album came out, James LoMenzo played with them. LoMenzo was a bass guitar player for the band. Mustaine later said that Steve Di Giorgio, the bassist for Testament, played the bass on \"The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!\". On May 31, 2022, Megadeth said that LoMenzo was rejoining the band.\nIn September 2022, Megadeth released \"The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!\". Before it came out, the band put out three singles during the summer. They were named \"We'll Be Back\", \"Night Stalkers\", and \"Soldier On!\". \"We'll Be Back\" was nominated for a Grammy Award.\nLegacy.\nMegadeth is one of the few American thrash metal bands from the 1980s to have commercial successful. Megadeth is thought of as one of the \"Big Four\" of thrash metal, along with Metallica, Anthrax, and Slayer. These bands were important because they made thrash metal much more popular. \"Loudwire\" ranked Megadeth the third-best thrash metal band of all time, behind Slayer and Metallica. \"Billboard\" said that \"Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?\" is a \"landmark of the thrash movement\". They thought that what the album was about is still important now.\nMany people think Megadeth is one of the most influential bands from the 1980s. The band's music inspired other bands to make more types of metal, such as death metal and extreme metal. Megadeth sold 9.1 million albums in the United States between 1991 and 2014.\nBand members.\nCurrent members"}
+{"id": "69462", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69462", "title": "Bonnaroo Music Festival", "text": "The Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival is an annual four-day music festival held in Manchester, Tennessee. It is held by Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment. It was first put together in 2002. The show's main features are the multiple stages. The two main stages\u2014the \"What\" stage and the \"Which\" stage\u2014provide most of the performances.\nThe music that is heard comes in a wide variety, including world music, hip hop, jazz, americana, bluegrass, country music, folk, gospel, reggae, electronica, and other alternative music.\nThere was no festival in 2020 because of COVID-19 pandemic."}
+{"id": "69464", "revid": "1398040", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69464", "title": "Pol'and'Rock Festival", "text": "Pol'and'Rock Festival (formerly \"Przystanek Woodstock\") is a weekend-long music festival in Poland that has been held once a year since 1995. The festival is named for and was inspired by the Woodstock Festival (Przystanek Woodstock is Polish for \"Woodstock Station\"). Its motto is \"Love, Friendship and Music.\" It is organized by a foundation called the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity. Drugs are prohibited, but not everyone follows this rule.\nThe festival has been held in the town of Kostrzyn nad Odr\u0105 since 2004."}
+{"id": "69465", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69465", "title": "Empire of Japan", "text": "The (Japanese : \u5927\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u570b) also known as Imperial Japan was a historical Nation State and great power during the period from the Meiji Restoration to the Japanese defeat in World War II. It ruled the Home Islands of Japan and many other areas. The Emperors during this time, were Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito), from 1868-1912 and Emperor Taish\u014d (Yoshihito) from 1912-1926 and Emperor Sh\u014dwa (Hirohito) from 1926-1989. It is considered to go from the year 1868 to 1945. Hirohito was still emperor of Japan after the empire dissolved in 1947. Hirohito was emperor of Japan until his death in 1989.\nIn those years, Japan changed greatly. It became one of the great powers of the world. Japan built a powerful Imperial Japanese Armed Forces (IJA and IJN), and changed from an agricultural to an industrial society. The Japanese began to invade and occupy other near countries like Korea, Taiwan, Manchukuo and part of China to get natural resources.\nThe Empire of Japan surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, after a long war against the Allied nations of World War II ending with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Allies occupied the country and made many changes, including a new constitution. Allied occupation and reconstruction of the country continued well into the 1950s."}
+{"id": "69466", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69466", "title": "Imperial Japan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69474", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69474", "title": "Headband", "text": "A headband (also known as a headwrap) is an accessory. It is made to fit over or around the head, usually to hold hair away from the face or sweat out of the eyes. \nIt may be made of many different materials, like plastic or elastic fabric. They come in many shapes and sizes and are used for both practical and fashion reasons."}
+{"id": "69475", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69475", "title": "Cornflower", "text": "The cornflower (\"Centaurea cyanus\") is also called bachelor's button, or basket flower. It is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It originated in Europe, but has been taken to many other places like Australia. It bears flowers once a year.\nIt is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Several cultivars have been selected with varying pastel colours, including pink and purple. The flower gives its name to the characteristic blue colour."}
+{"id": "69476", "revid": "1391867", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69476", "title": "Axel jump", "text": "An Axel jump is a jump in figure skating. It is the most famous and recognizable skating jump. It starts with the skater going forward. It is the only jump that does and that helps people know that the jump is an Axel jump. Because all skating jumps are landed going backwards, the Axel jump has an extra half rotation (full circle) in the air than all other skating jumps.\nHistory.\nThe jump was named after Axel Paulsen of Norway, who invented the jump.\nPerformances.\nThe first skater to do a double Axel in competition was Dick Button, and Carol Heiss Jenkins was the first woman to do it. The first skater to do a triple Axel in competition was Vern Taylor. The first woman to do it was Midori Ito.\nThe first pairs skater to do a \"throw triple Axel\" (he helps her with the jump) were Rena Inoue & John Baldwin. It is not known who did the first \"throw double Axel\".\nMethods.\nThe Axel can be a single Axel (1 and a half rotations in the air), a double Axel (two and a half rotations in the air), or a triple Axel (three and a half rotations in the air). Most junior men and senior skaters can do a double Axel.\nMany senior-level male skaters do a triple Axel. As of January 2025, only one person, Ilia Malinin, has landed a quadruple axel (four and a half rotations in the air) in competition \nAs of January 2025, 25 female figure skaters have completed a ratified triple axel (with positive GOE for those performed under the new judging system). This jump was first performed in the 1988 by Midori Ito (the first one to do it) followed by Tonya Harding in 1991. Over 10 years later, Yukari Nakano and Ludmila Nelidina performed the jump, followed by Mao Asada (the first one to land three triple Axels in one competition), Elizaveta Tuktamysheva, Rika Kihira, and Mirai Nagasu Since then, Alysa Liu, Alena Kostornaia, Young You, Kamila Valieva, Hana Yoshida, Rinka Watanabe, Anastasiia Shabotova, Varvara Kisel, Mana Kawabe, Sofia Akateva, Amber Glenn, Mao Shimada, Inga Gurgenidze, Ami Nakai, Yuseyong Kim, Yujae Kim, and Sophie Joline Von Felton have landed the jump successfully in international competition\nValues.\nAccording to the International Judging System, the base value of a triple Axel jump is 8.0, and that of a double Axel is 3.3.\nConfusion.\nBecause the Axel is the most famous skating jump, many people make a mistake and call all skating jumps as \"Axel jumps\". This has led to many mistakes in sports reporting of figure skating, for example a report in 2006 saying that Miki Ando was the first female skater to land a quad Salchow in an international competition, which is a different jump."}
+{"id": "69477", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69477", "title": "Kimmie Meissner", "text": "Kimmie Meissner (born 4 October 1989) is a figure skater from the United States. She won the World Championships in 2006 and the United States national championships in 2007. She is the second American woman and the sixth woman worldwide to do a triple Axel jump.\nLife.\nCareer.\nEarly career.\nMeissner was a very good skater as a child. In 2003, she won the Novice title at the United States nationals. In 2004, she won the Junior title. In 2005, she won the bronze medal at the Senior level. While this would normally have given her a spot to the World Championships, Meissner was too young to go.\nOlympics.\nIn 2006, she went to the 2006 Olympics, where she placed 6th. At the Olympics, she was called the future of American skating. The future came quickly. The next month, she won the World Championships, placing ahead of the Olympic silver medalist Sasha Cohen.\nFour Continents Figure Skating.\nIn 2007, Meissner won the United States championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.\nPopularity.\nMeissner is a very popular skater, especially in Baltimore, where she is from. She has done shows in Baltimore and is a local celebrity. Meissner has many endorsements, which means she gets money from telling people she uses products. She is also involved with the \"Cool Kids\", which is an organization to help kids with cancer."}
+{"id": "69478", "revid": "11621", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69478", "title": "Triple Axel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69479", "revid": "11621", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69479", "title": "Triple axel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69480", "revid": "11621", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69480", "title": "Double axel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69481", "revid": "11621", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69481", "title": "Double Axel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69483", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69483", "title": "Flying ace", "text": "A flying ace or fighter ace is a military pilot who has shot down five or more enemy aircraft in air combat. Use of the term \"ace\" in military aviation began in World War I (1914\u201318). French newspapers called Adolphe Pegoud, as \"l'as\" (French for \"ace\") after he became the first pilot to shoot down five German aircraft. Many other pilots later became aces, and some are very famous today, like the \"Red Baron\", Manfred von Richthofen who had 80 kills.\nErich Hartmann was the ace with the most kills; he had 352.\nSome countries have recognized armor commanders as \"tank aces\" for destroying five enemies."}
+{"id": "69484", "revid": "1692412", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69484", "title": "Medal", "text": "A medal is a small metal object that is given as an award for doing something important or to commemorate something. There are medals for sports, military, academics, etc. Some medals have religious meaning. The Miraculous Medal has been distributed worldwide, for example. The Nobel Prize is a gold medal given to a few people every year. \nMilitary decorations, service awards, and medals are often confused with one another. \"Decoration\" is the term for awards which require acts of heroism or achievement (such as the British Victoria Cross or American Silver Star). A service award or campaign medal is awarded for serving in a place and time (such as the Iraq Campaign Medal). In either case, an award or decoration may be presented as a medal.\nOlympics.\nIn the Olympic Games and many other sports competitions, medals are give to the top three people who took part in the competition. The winner of the competition is given the gold medal. The silver medal is given to the person who came second. The third placed person is given the bronze medal.\nReligious Medals.\nMedals are often worn for their religious significance. The Miraculous Medal is associated with Marian groups like the Immaculata Militia, whose members often wear it every day as a sign of their devotion."}
+{"id": "69485", "revid": "359932", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69485", "title": "Yours truly", "text": "Yours truly could mean:\nIn music, yours truly could mean:"}
+{"id": "69486", "revid": "1174418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69486", "title": "Motoori Norinaga", "text": "Motoori Norinaga (; 21 June 1730 \u2013 5 November 1801) was a Japanese scholar and poet during the Edo period. Norinaga's most important works include the \"Kojiki-den\" (\"Commentaries on the Kojiki\"), created over 35 years, and his comments on the \"Tale of Genji\".\nMotoori was born in what is now Matsusaka in Ise Province (now part of Mie Prefecture). At the age of 22, Motoori went to Kyoto to study medicine. Although best known as a Kokugaku scholar, Norinaga worked as a doctor for 40 years in Matsusaka. \nHe was the first to use the term Mono no aware, which is now an important concept in Japanese culture."}
+{"id": "69487", "revid": "1225794", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69487", "title": "Valediction", "text": "A valediction is a phrase used to say goodbye at the end of a letter. It also refers to the act of saying goodbye to someone. It comes from the Latin \"vale dicere\", which means \"to say farewell\". Valedictions are normally written before the signature in a written message. The words used usually express respect or regard for the person to whom the message is written.\nEnglish valedictions often contain the possessive pronoun \"yours\"; for example, \"Yours truly\". In the United Kingdom, \"Yours sincerely\" or \"Yours faithfully\" are most common.\nVersions.\nOld versions.\nIn old letters, \"Yours truly\" was often replaced with a longer sentence, for example:\nModern versions.\n\"Yours sincerely\" is used when the person sending the letter knows the name of the person receiving the letter.\n\"Yours faithfully\" is used when the person who is receiving the letter is not known by name (i.e. the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as \"Dear Sir/Madam\").\nDrama and poetry.\nValedictions may be a prophecy, a warning or just a comment. In some types of literature, everyone is allowed a last word. In Njall's Saga, men tend to say things like \"Oh, you have chopped off my arm\", before dying. \nStock characters tend to say predictable things. But in Shakespeare they are the way he moves the action along. Macbeth meets the three witches, who foretell his downfall without him realising it. They hail him as \"Thane of Glamis and Cawdor\", and that \"he shall be King\". He will not be defeated \"until Birnam wood move to high Dunsinane\"."}
+{"id": "69488", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69488", "title": "Saburo Sakai", "text": "Saburo Sakai (, \"Sakai Sabur\u014d\", August 25, 1916 \u2013 September 22, 2000) was a Japanese naval pilot and fighter ace (\"Gekitsui-O\") of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He was the 4th best Japanese pilot by number of enemy aircraft he shot down. He survived the war, and became a famous figure for his criticism of the War and the government of the Japanese Empire. He became a pacifist and a Buddhist and promised that he would never again kill another living thing, even a mosquito. Only months before his death, Sakai told reporters that he still prayed for the souls of the Chinese, American, Australian and Dutch pilots he had killed. He also helped Microsoft design the popular computer game \"Combat Flight Simulator 2\".\nSakai claims he shot down 64 enemy airplanes. He shot down a B-32 Dominator on the last day of the war."}
+{"id": "69489", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69489", "title": "Fighter ace", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69490", "revid": "1536413", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69490", "title": "Southern Cross Station", "text": "Southern Cross Station is a railway station in Melbourne, Australia. It is one of five stations in the mostly underground City Loop and the main hub for V/Line's services outside Melbourne, via Bus and Train. The station was called Spencer Street Station until December 13, 2005"}
+{"id": "69493", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69493", "title": "Flagstaff railway station", "text": "Flagstaff is a railway station in Melbourne, Australia"}
+{"id": "69495", "revid": "31155", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69495", "title": "Melbourne Central railway station", "text": "Melbourne Central is a train station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is one of three underground stations on the Melbourne Underground Rail Loop (City Loop). The station is underneath Melbourne Central Shopping Center. Melbourne Central has four platforms and four tracks. It was known as Museum Station when the Melbourne Museum was at the State Library of Victoria, across the street. Melbourne Central opened on January 24, 1981."}
+{"id": "69499", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69499", "title": "Parliament railway station", "text": "Parliament is an underground railway station in Melbourne, Australia. It is part of the suburban train network. It is one of the five stations on the City Loop. The city loop goes around the central business district.\nParliament has 4 platforms on two levels, like the other to underground stations on the city loop. Each level is for the trains leaving. The different levels are for trains going to the north and west suburbs or to the south and east suburbs. The station opened on January 22 1983.\nMany people who work for the government use the station because it is underneath the Parliament House of Victoria. It is also at the intersection of Bourke Street and Spring Street. The tram routes 86, 95 and 96 on Bourke Street, tram routes 11, 12, 31, 42, 109, and 112 on Collins Street and the free City Circle tram stop near the station.\nThe lower platforms are 38 meters low. That means that they are the lowest in the city loop. Its escalators were the longest in the southern hemisphere, when the station opened."}
+{"id": "69500", "revid": "11137", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69500", "title": "Flinders Street Station, Melbourne", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69501", "revid": "11137", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69501", "title": "Southern Cross railway station, Melbourne", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69502", "revid": "10488789", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69502", "title": "Asphyxia", "text": "Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition when a living body does not get enough oxygen. If this condition lasts long enough it can lead to unconsciousness, brain damage and death.\nAsphyxia can injure or kill people. This sometimes happens during suicide, torture, and in warfare. It can also be used as a capital punishment. It is also sometimes used (non fatally in martial arts, and combat sports)Because the need to breathe is controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide in the lungs with blood, some victims may not experience an urgent need to breathe and may remain unaware of the shortage of oxygen in their body."}
+{"id": "69503", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69503", "title": "Toy Story 2", "text": "Toy Story 2 is a 1999 American computer-generated animation movie and a sequel to the 1995 movie \"Toy Story\". It was released on November 24, 1999. Toy Story 2 was re-issued to theaters on October 2, 2009 (double bill with \"Toy Story\"). It is the third Disney/Pixar full-length movie and was released to movie theaters by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. It is about toys that come alive when people are not around. Woody is kidnapped by a toy collector so Buzz Lightyear and his friends go on a mission to save him. Toy Story 2 was Pixar's first sequel and Pixar's only sequel released before Disney's acquisition of the studio. A sequel to this movie, Toy Story 3, was released in 2010.\nPlot.\nThe plot begins with a Buzz Lightyear video game played by Rex, where Zurg ends up defeating Buzz Lightyear with a single shot, leaving Rex frustrated at being defeated by Zurg. Meanwhile, Woody was preparing to go to summer camp with Andy (who is now 10 years old) for the weekend, but ends up missing his hat which was held by Buster, Andy's dachshund, and the hat is retrieved by Slinky. Afterwards, Andy plays with his toys before leaving, but accidentally breaks Woody's right arm, so his mother decides to leave him on a shelf despite her offering to fix it. At the bookshelf, Woody discovers that Andy's mother is having a yard sale in her yard and takes several old items from Andy's bedroom, including an old rubber penguin named Wheezy. With Buster's help, Woody sneaks out to the yard and saves Wheezy, but falls in the yard and is found by a toy collector, who ends up stealing Woody when Andy's mother refuses to sell him. The thief is recognized by Buzz and the other toys as Al McWhiggin, who is the owner of Al's Toy Warehouse and whom Andy's toys recognize as the \"Chicken Man\" from his TV commercials. To carry out the search mission, Buzz recruits Mr. Potato Head, Slinky, Rex, and Hamm to get out of the house and rescue Woody before Andy returns home.\nAt Al's apartment, Woody discovers that he is a priceless collector's item from \"Woody's Roundup\", a popular 1950s children's show, and meets other toys from the franchise: Jessie the cowgirl, Bullseye, his trusty horse, and Stinky Pete the Prospector, who is still sealed in his box. With the addition of Woody, Al plans to sell the entire \"Woody's Roundup\" collection to a toy museum in Tokyo, Japan, for a large sum of money. However, that same night, Woody's arm breaks when Al takes it out of its case to take some photos, so Al desperately hires the services of an elderly toy repairman to repair Woody's torn arm and touch it up. The other three toys are excited about the trip, but Woody, still Andy's toy and eager to return home, waits only for the toy repairman to fix his arm so he can return to Andy. This causes a disagreement between him and Jessie, who fears being returned and put in a box where she has been for years, since the toy museum would not accept the entire collection without Woody. That night Woody tries to escape with his arm but the television turns on and is then caught by Al, and Woody believes that Jessie turned it on to prevent him from leaving them. The next day, the repairman arrives and repairs his arm, leaving it as good as new. Woody then prepares to return to Andy, but the Prospector convinces him to talk to Jessie before he can leave. Jessie reveals that she had also been a very beloved toy by her owner, a girl named Emily, from whom she was inseparable, until she ended up forgetting her and giving her away when she was a teenager. Shortly after, when Woody was finally getting ready to leave, the Prospector tries to reflect with him for the second time, telling him that Andy is growing up and he couldn't do anything to stop it, also that he must choose between returning and being forgotten or accompanying them and being something forever, being loved and remembered by many generations. Realizing all of this, Woody thinks better of it and decides to stay with the trio.\nWhile all this is going on, Buzz and the rest of the group arrive at the toy store that is right in front of Al's house. And just when he separates from the rest of the toys, Buzz runs into a new Buzz Lightyear (who was actually the Buzz from Al's store), and who believes that he is really a space ranger, just as Buzz had believed before. Because the Buzz from the store believes that Andy's Buzz has broken a rule and must be punished, both of them fight and Andy's Buzz ends up being locked in a box, while the other toys end up being confused with the Buzz from the store, as if it were Andy's Buzz (which is why he had a belt on) and although Rex tries to tell him that he has a solution to beat Zurg, without the new Buzz knowing that he was alluding to the video game, which is why he ends up following them. Andy's toys and the new Buzz arrive at the office of the premises, where Al is making a telephone communication with the owner of the Tokyo museum and confirms the payment for the complete collection. And taking advantage of the occasion, the toys enter Al's briefcase, while he excitedly leaves the room.\nThe real Buzz manages to escape from the box and chases after them, however, as he leaves the warehouse he accidentally frees an \"Evil Emperor Zurg\" action figure from its box. The toys enter the vents and reach the elevator of the apartment building and Andy's Buzz catches up with the others, proving to be Andy's real toy as well. They try to return home with Woody, but the latter refuses. Buzz then reminds Woody that a toy is meant to be played with by a child, not watched through glass. Woody initially doesn't accept being abandoned by the other toys, but upon watching a child play with the puppet from the Woody's Roundup show, he comes to his senses and convinces Jessie and Bullseye to become Andy's toys, but Stinky Pete, believing the trip to the museum to be his only chance to be remembered since he was never sold, breaks out of his packaging and secures the grate, trapping Woody, Jessie, and Bullseye helplessly, Woody figuring that it was Prospector who had prevented Woody from escaping by turning on the television the night before. Al then arrives and packs Woody up with the rest of the toys and heads to customs. As Buzz and company try to catch up, they encounter Emperor Zurg and he begins to battle the New Buzz, but Zurg ends up being accidentally defeated by Rex, falling to the bottom of the elevator and Rex emerging victorious by defeating Zurg.\nBuzz and the others (except the new Buzz who stays with Zurg) board an abandoned Pizza Planet delivery van and chase Al to the airport (in the course of the chase, Mr. Potato Head ends up rescuing three tiny Aliens from Pizza Planet Aliens, who were accessories on the van) where they watch as Al deposits the suitcase (with Woody, Jessie, Bullseye, and Stinky Pete) in the cargo area. Moments later, inside the loading and unloading area, they are attacked by the Prospector, who fights with Woody, breaking his arm again, although fortunately he ends up being defeated by Andy's toys and Woody decides to teach him about the life of a toy by putting him in a little girl's suitcase. Meanwhile, Jessie ends up being boarded on a cargo truck bound for Tokyo, Japan; However, Woody manages to sneak into the truck's van \"by hiding in a briefcase\" and rescue her, however, they almost get trapped inside the trailer when they were about to leave, and the vehicle drives off. Woody asks Jessie to trust him to get out of the place, through an emergency exit hatch that was on one of the sides of the car. Suddenly, Buzz and Bullseye manage to catch up with them and also catch the hat that Woody had dropped (who almost falls to the asphalt, and is tied to the rear bumper and Jessie's arm). Jessie, very scared, tells Woody that his idea was crazy, but Woody asks her to imagine that it is as if it were the final episode of \"Woody's Roundup\" and she agrees, Woody and Jessie jump out of the truck seconds before it enters the highway and end up presumably on the road or in the middle of nowhere. Although they manage to fall on Bullseye and Buzz.\nThe toys soon return to Andy's house, just before Andy returns from camp the next morning, and await his return. Andy first takes Jessie, Bullseye, and the three Pizza Planet Aliens as his five new recruits. The toys learn that Al's business has gone bankrupt due to a failed attempt to sell and deliver the merchandise to the Tokyo museum. While the new toys get used to having a new owner, Mrs. Potato Head adopts the three Pizza Planet Martians, who were rescued by Mr. Potato Head, as her children. A squeaky Wheezy (due to Mr. Shark finding a new squeaker) sings the Frank Sinatra -style song \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", while Woody tells Buzz not to worry about Andy growing up, because when he does, Woody will still have Buzz to keep him company \"To infinity and beyond\"."}
+{"id": "69504", "revid": "31155", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69504", "title": "Richmond railway station, Melbourne", "text": "Richmond station is a railway station in Richmond, Australia. Richmond is an inner suburb of Melbourne. \nThe station is built on a bridge over Punt Road. It has ten platforms joined by three subways. All of Melbourne's eastern and south eastern railway lines meet here. These railway lines are:\nThe station is from Flinders Street Station which is Melbourne's central railway station. Richmond station is close to the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Punt Road Oval and Melbourne Park. It is very busy during sporting and other special events.\nTram route 70 goes past Richmond Station along Swan Street. \nPunt Road is under the station with a major interchange with Swan Street and Brunton Avenue.\nHistory.\nRichmond station has been moved and rebuilt four times. The first station in Punt Road was at ground level and opened on 8 February, 1859. It closed the same year on 12 December, 1859. On the same day the new station opened in Swan Street.\nIn 1885, a new station just north of Swan Street was opened. The new station was raised up and was not at ground level. It had six platforms. For some time, both the old and new stations were used, before the ground level Swan Street station was closed. \nBy the 1940s the station had begun to fall apart. It was so bad that the council said it should be pulled down. A new station was not built for another 20 years. On 26 March, 1960 the new station was opened west of the old one. The bridges at each end of the station across Punt Road and Swan Street were also rebuilt to fit the ten tracks. The old station was pulled down.\nProposed redevelopment.\nThe condition of Richmond station was a problem again in 2005. Melbourne held the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Richmond station was the gateway to many of the main venues. The station had a bleak appearance. The raised station did not have much shelter and could be windy and cold. It has poor access with steep ramps, stairs, and no lifts. This led the Victorian Government to think about building a new station. They decided it would cost too much money.\nMovie.\nThe opening scene of the movie \"Romper Stomper\" was filmed in Richmond station. In the movie it was called Footscray station."}
+{"id": "69505", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69505", "title": "Bairnsdale railway line, Victoria", "text": "The Bairnsdale railway line is a regional railway in Victoria, Australia. It continues from the Pakenham metropolitan line. The part as far as Warragul used to be run with Melbourne electric trains, but only for a period during the 1990s. It has 24 stations.\nList of stations.\nBold stations are terminuses, \"italic\" stations are staffed at least part-time (this has been confirmed).\nContinues from the Pakenham metropolitan line.\nBranch lines went from Warragul to Noojee, Moe to Walhalla (a 2' 6\" line), Thorpdale and Yallourn after the line from Hearne's Oak to Yallourn was closed to allow for a grater expansion of a brown coal mine, Morwell to Mirboo North, Traralgon to Stratford Junction via Maffra, which also included a branch line to Briagolong, and a short branch line from Bairnsdale to Bairnsdale Wharf, all of which have been closed.\nAs well, several timber tramways existed from many of the stations between Pakenham and Yarragon."}
+{"id": "69506", "revid": "31155", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69506", "title": "Pakenham railway station", "text": "Pakenham is a railway station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is in the suburb of Pakenham, on the Pakenham railway line. It is in Metcard Zone 2. It is the end of the Pakenham line, as well as a stop for regional trains going to Traralgon and Bairnsdale. The station contains 2 platforms."}
+{"id": "69510", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69510", "title": "North Melbourne railway station", "text": "North Melbourne Railway Station is the gateway for all west and northwest bound train lines in Melbourne, Australia. North Melbourne Railway Station is mainly used as an interchange point. The station was converted to a premium station in 1996, and has a small kiosk and a staffed ticket office. The station is actually in West Melbourne, the station's main entrance, at its east, is at intersection of Ireland Street and Railway Place. The station also has a western exit however this leads only to the rail yards.\nThe number 216 and 219 buses stop nearby the station.\nRedevelopment.\nOn May 15, 2006, it was announced that the station is to be redeveloped. As part of the project, a new main entrance was created at the southern end of the station with new escalators, stairs and lifts installed for quicker access to other platforms and to help disabled passengers."}
+{"id": "69515", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69515", "title": "Shushi Massacres", "text": "The Shushi massacres were anti-Armenian pogroms during the Armenian-Azerbaijani war, 1920, when Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the inhabitants of Shusha (Shushi). The massacres took place on March 22-26, 1920, and resulted in more than\n20,000 Armenian deaths and the destruction of the town of Shusha in Nagorno-Karabakh.\nBackground.\nOn June 4-5, 1919, an armed Armenian-Turkish fight took place in Shushi. It was organized and started by Azeri Governor-General Khosrov beg Sultanov. The town was closed off by a blockade, and the Armenian population found itself needing food.\nMassacres in Shushi on March 22-26, 1920.\nFrom the very start of 1920, Governor Sultanov, breaking the temporary treaty agreement of August 22, 1919, continued the blockade around Karabakh. He increased the number of armed forces in strategically important locations and gave weapons to the local Azeri population.\nIn the early morning of March 23, 1920, the Azeri army soldiers and Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian part of town and began a horrible massacre of the Armenian population, which finished in March 26, 1920.\nRemembering.\nThe famous Russian poet Osip Mandelstam, who was in Shushi in 1931, wrote a poem called \"The phaeton driver\" dedicated to this tragedy:\nIn July 1, 1997, the Baroness Caroline Cox gave a speech in the House of Lords, United Kingdom remembering the lives of Armenians who have been killed and specifically mentioned the occurrence in Shushi in 1920.\nResearch analyst Kalli Raptis in her book \"Nagorno-Karabakh and the Eurasian Transport Corridor\" wrote: \"'In July 1918, the First Armenian Assembly of Nagorno Karabakh declared the region self-governing and created a national Council and government. In August 1919, the Karabakh national Council entered into a provisional treaty arrangement with the Azerbaijani government in order to avoid military conflict with a superior adversary'. Azerbaijan's violation of the treaty culminated in March 1920 with the massacre of the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh's capital, Shushi (called Shusha by the Azerbaijanis)\"."}
+{"id": "69516", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69516", "title": "Osip Mandelstam", "text": "Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (also spelled Mandelshtam, ; January 15, 1891 \u2013 December 27, 1938) was a Russian poet and essayist.\nMandelstam was born in Warsaw, to a rich Jewish family. In 1900 Mandelstam entered the prestigious Tenishevsky school, which also counts Vladimir Nabokov and other significant figures of Russian (and Soviet) culture among its alumni. His first poems were printed in the school's almanac in 1907.\nIn April 1908 Mandelstam decided to enter the Sorbonne to study literature and philosophy, but he left the following year to attend the University of Heidelberg. In 1911, in order to continue education in the University of St. Petersburg, he converted to Methodism (which he did not practice) and entered the university the same year.\nMandelstam's poetry, acutely populist in spirit after the first Russian revolution, became closely associated with symbolist imagery, and in 1911 he and several other young Russian poets formed the \"Poets' Guild\" (Russian: \u0426\u0435\u0445 \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \"Tsekh Poetov\"), under the formal leadership of Nikolai Gumilyov and Sergei Gorodetsky.\nIn 1922 Mandelstam arrived in Moscow with his newlywed wife Nadezhda. At the same time his second book of poems, \"Tristia\", was published in Berlin. For several years after that, he almost completely abandoned poetry, concentrating on essays, literary criticism, memoirs (\"The Din Of Time\", Russian: \u0428\u0443\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \"Shum vremeni\"; \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u044f, \"Feodosiya\" \u2013 both 1925) and small-format prose (\"The Egyptian Stamp\", Russian: \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430, \"Yegipetskaya marka\" \u2013 1928). As a day job, he translated (19 books in 6 years), then worked as a correspondent for a newspaper.\nMandelstam died in 1938 in prison.\nMandelstam's non-conformist, anti-establishment tendencies always simmered not far from the surface, and in the autumn of 1933 they broke through in the form of the famous \"Stalin Epigram\"."}
+{"id": "69520", "revid": "1070978", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69520", "title": "Forestry Commission", "text": "The Forestry Commission is a UK Government agency that was set up in 1918.\nThe commission is responsible for many forests and woodlands in Great Britain. Its job is to protect and expand Britain's forests and woodlands and increase their value to society and the environment.\nSome of its forests are pine trees which the commission manages and carefully cuts down trees for wood and paper making. The money from this helps the commission to maintain it other forests which are not farmed but which are used for recreation, by people wanting to visit the countryside, and also to fund some scientific research into the ways to grow trees and to keep them healthy.\nThe Forestry Commission looks after a lot of the forests in the list of Forests in the United Kingdom"}
+{"id": "69523", "revid": "585618", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69523", "title": "Fukushima Prefecture", "text": " is a prefecture of Japan. It is part of the T\u014dhoku region on the island of Honshu. The capital city of the prefecture is Fukushima.\nThe Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is in this prefecture. The power plant had a meltdown in March 2011. It forced many people in Fukushima to move away from their homes, especially in the Futaba District.\nHistory.\nUntil the Meiji Restoration, Fukushima prefecture was known as Mutsu Province. In 1871, the territories of eleven clans were combined into three prefectures: Fukushima, Wakamatsu and Iwaki. On August 21 in 1876, they were united to form the current Fukushima Prefecture.\nGeography.\nFukushima is the prefecture that is furthest south in the T\u014dhoku region. It is the part of T\u014dhoku closest to Tokyo. Tokyo is about 300 kilometres further south. Fukushima located between 37 and 38 degrees north latitude.\nFukushima is divided by mountain ranges into three regions: (from west to east) Aizu, Nakad\u014dri, and Hamad\u014dri. Hamad\u014dri is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and is the flattest and most temperate region. Nakad\u014dri is the most important farming part of the prefecture. The capital city, Fukushima, is in this area. Aizu is a tourist destination and has many mountains, scenic lakes, forests, and snowy winters.\nCities.\nThere are thirteen cities in Fukushima Prefecture:\nTowns and villages.\nTowns and villages in each district:\nNational parks.\nNational parks cover about 13% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:\nEconomy.\nThe three main industries in Fukushima are manufacturing, commerce and farming.\nFukushima was the largest manufacturer in T\u014dhoku in 2008. The industry made about 5 and a half trillion yen (\u00a55,568,600,000,000). Manufacturers relied heavily on electrical power produced locally, much of it from nuclear power stations.\nTrade, including retail businesses, was the second largest industry in 2008. It made 4.7 trillion yen (\u00a54,720,600,000,000).\nIn 2009, the prefecture produced \u00a5245,000,000,000 (245 billion yen) from farming products. About 40%, or \u00a594,800,000,000 (94 billion yen), was from rice. Fukushima was the fifth largest rice producer in the country. It also produced large amounts of vegetables, meat, and fish. The two largest agricultural producers were the cities of Fukushima and K\u014driyama. Those two areas accounted for more than 15% of agricultural production in the prefecture."}
+{"id": "69526", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69526", "title": "8 February", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69528", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69528", "title": "Arara, Para\u00edba", "text": "Arara is a Brazilian city in the state of Para\u00edba. Its population in 2007 was 12,920 inhabitants. Its area is 89 km\u00b2."}
+{"id": "69534", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69534", "title": "Neustadt an der Weinstra\u00dfe", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69535", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69535", "title": "Arara", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69536", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69536", "title": "Wei\u00dfenfels", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69538", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69538", "title": "Glatzer Nei\u00dfe", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69543", "revid": "1566408", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69543", "title": "Juan Cris\u00f3stomo de Arriaga", "text": "Juan Cris\u00f3stomo de Arriaga y Balzola (born Bilbao 27 January 1806; died Paris 17 January 1826) was an early 19th-century Spanish composer. He was still only 19 years old when he died. Like Mozart, he was a child prodigy and he might have become one of the world\u2019s most famous composers if he had lived.\nHis life.\nJuan Cris\u00f3stomo Arriaga was born in Bilbao, in the Basque Country in Spain. His father and older brother first taught him music. He started to compose when he was 11 years old, and by the time he was 15 he had already written 20 works. Many of these are now lost. He may have thrown them away, thinking that they were not very good. In 1921, he went to Paris where he studied the violin with Pierre Baillot, and counterpoint and harmony with Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph F\u00e9tis at the Paris Conservatoire. He was so good that by 1824 he had become a teaching assistant in F\u00e9tis's class. \nArriaga died in Paris at the age of nineteen, probably of a lung disease and exhaustion.\nHis music.\nArriaga has been called \u201cThe Spanish Mozart\u201d. His music, however, does not sound particularly Spanish. It has a more general European character, based on the style of Mozart and Beethoven. He wrote a symphony which sounds at times like Schubert. He also wrote an opera \"Los esclavos felices\" (\"The Happy Slaves\"), and three string quartets. The string quartets were the only works that were published while he was still alive."}
+{"id": "69546", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69546", "title": "Conservatoire de Paris", "text": "The Conservatoire de Paris (Paris Conservatoire) is a music conservatory where students can study dance, drama and music. It has now been split into two \"Conservatoires\". One is for Acting, Theatre and Drama and is called the \"Conservatoire National Sup\u00e9rieur d'Art Dramatique\" (CNSAD). It is in the old building in the centre of Paris. The other is called \"Conservatoire National Sup\u00e9rieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris\". It is farther from the centre of the city. This is where Music and Dance are taught.\nThe Paris Conservatoire has been famous for music since it was formed in 1795. Nearly all famous French composers and performing musicians studied there, and many young musicians came from abroad to study. It was, and still is, one of the best places to study music in the world."}
+{"id": "69548", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69548", "title": "Paris Conservatoire", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69549", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69549", "title": "Paris Conservatory", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69550", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69550", "title": "Slayer (band)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69551", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69551", "title": "Prix de Rome", "text": "The Prix de Rome was a scholarship (money prize) for art students in Paris. It was created in 1663 in France when Louis XIV was reigning. Every year the prize was given to promising young painters, sculptors, and architects. They had to finish a very difficult piece of work to show that they deserved to win the prize. The person who won the prize would get money so that he could go to Rome for a year to study. Sometimes they were allowed to stay longer if they were doing exceptionally good work.\nIn 1803, music was added to the subjects, and in 1804 engraving was added. Sometimes people won \u201csecond prize\u201d which allowed them to study for a shorter period.\nMany artists who won the Prix de Rome are now almost forgotten. On the other hand, there are many artists who became very famous but did not win the Prix de Rome. These people include Augustin Pajou Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas and the composers Ernest Chausson and Maurice Ravel. Ravel tried five times to win it. There was a big argument about this at the Paris Conservatoire, and rules were reorganized after that.\nThe Prix de Rome continued to be awarded until 1968 when it was stopped."}
+{"id": "69555", "revid": "9620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69555", "title": "Weather forecasting", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69556", "revid": "1687111", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69556", "title": "Caulfield railway station", "text": "Caulfield is a railway station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is in the suburb Caulfield, on the Pakenham, Frankston and Cranbourne railway lines. At this station the Frankston line splits from the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines.\nCaulfield is a Premium Station.\nLocation.\nThe station is between Sir John Monash Drive (formerly Railway Avenue) and Normanby Road. The tram route 3 and some bus routes stop here. The Caulfield campus of Monash University and Caulfield Racecourse are close to the station.\nFacilities.\nThe station has four platforms. Two platforms make an island in the middle of the station. Platform 1 has a large red brick building. Platforms 2&3 ( the island platforms) contain a large red brick building with a waiting room and a ticket office. Platform 4 has a large red brick building. Outbound V/Line (country trains) services leave from this platform. A large Metcard ticket machine is inside the waiting room. This machine is able to sell most tickets. It also accept notes and coins. Small Metcard machines are at the entrances to platforms 1 and 4. A subway is located underneath the station. This allows people to get to the island platform. It has a Coca-Cola Red Engine take away food shop.\nHistory.\nCaulfield station was opened on Wednesday, 7 May 1879."}
+{"id": "69559", "revid": "31155", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69559", "title": "Officer railway station", "text": "Officer railway station is an ummanned railway station in Officer, Victoria. It is located in Metcard Zone 2."}
+{"id": "69562", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69562", "title": "\u00df", "text": "The letter \u00df (also known as sharp S, German: \"Eszett\" or \"scharfes S\") is a letter in the German alphabet. It is the only German letter that is not part of the basic Latin alphabet. The letter is pronounced (like the \"s\" in \"see\") and is not used in any other language.\nOrigin.\nToday's \"\u00df\" was created around the 1900s. (See w:en:\u00df and w:de:\u00df for details on the so-called \"Sulzbacher Form\".) It has two origins, one in Blackletter and one in Roman type (also called Antiqua).\nThe letter came from the long s (\"\u017f\") and the normal \"z\". Written fast by hand, they over time joined together to form a single glyph.\nSpelling.\nThe \"\u00df\" is used only in German and never at the start of German words. The uppercase \"\u00df\" (\"\u1e9e\") exists only for typesetting, such as in a dictionary. Instead of lowercase \"\u00df\", one can also write \"ss\". As no words start with double \"s\" or \"\u00df\", no uppercase \"\u00df\" is necessary.\nHowever, not every \"ss\" can be written as \"\u00df\". German often puts two or more words together to make a longer word. If the new word has \"ss\", it cannot be written as \"\u00df\". For example, \"Vo\u00dfstra\u00dfe\" is two words joined together (\"Vo\u00df\" and \"stra\u00dfe\"). It can also be written as Vossstra\u00dfe but not as \"Vos\u00dftra\u00dfe\" because \"sstra\u00dfe\" (or \"\u00dftra\u00dfe\") is not a word, and the \"\u00df\" is in the word \"Voss\" (\"Vo\u00df\").\nThe rules for German orthography have changed since 1996. Many common words that used to be written with \"\u00df\" are now written with \"ss\". For example, \"Flu\u00df\" (river) is spelled \"Fluss\". When the preceding vowel is short, as in \"Fluss\", \"ss\" is used. However, the \"\u00df\" is used when the preceding vowel is long as in \"Stra\u00dfe\".like ss is replaced with \u00df like in: flo\u00df"}
+{"id": "69563", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69563", "title": "General Motors railway station", "text": "General Motors Railway Station was a railway station in Melbourne, Australia. \nThe station was opened on November 18, 1956 to service the General Motors factory near it. The station had two platforms and a footbridge into the factory. In 1991, the General Motors factory closed. Since the main purpose of the station was to support the factory, the station was no longer needed, but the station stayed open for eleven years after the factory had been destroyed. It was estimated to be the least used station in the entire city network. It had an average of eight passengers using it a day. The last trains stopped at the station on July 28 2002. "}
+{"id": "69568", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69568", "title": "Agronomy", "text": "Agronomy is the study of soil in relation to how it affects plant growth. \"Agronomists\" work to make methods that will improve the use of soil and increase the amount of food and fiber crops."}
+{"id": "69572", "revid": "1474679", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69572", "title": "Metlink", "text": "Metlink was the marketing name for all public transport operators' in Melbourne, Australia.\nIntroduction.\nThe \"Metlink\" brand was introduced in 2003.\nUnder the new branding, railway station signage and timetables were colour-coded blue, tram stop signs and timetables are green, and the bus network is orange. The regional train network is colour-coded purple. This line colouring continues today, even in the Public Transport Victoria era.\nFuture role.\nMetlink has also been active in the use of 'value Metcards' (like credit cards but work only for trains) and is known for running a \"funny\" campaign called BATBYGOBSTOPL (Buying A Ticket Before You Get On Board Saves Time Or Problems Later). In July 2007, Metlink launched a new campaign, \"I Highly Recommend You Get on the Bus\", featuring musical comedian Frank Woodley, to improve bus services. \nWhile they do not have control, representatives of the Bus Association of Victoria and V/Line have helped Metlink.\nViclink.\nVictoria's regional bus and rail services will at some future date be brought under a similar brand to Metlink named Viclink. Signage upgrades at regional railway stations have started from October 2006 . The signage will be fully implemented when V/Line is re-privatized following the completion of the Fast Rail project."}
+{"id": "69573", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69573", "title": "BATBYGOBSTOPL", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69585", "revid": "1391751", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69585", "title": "Sanyo", "text": "Sanyo is a Japanese electronics company. They specialise in home appliances.\nOverview.\nSanyo was founded in 1947 by Toshio Iue.\nPanasonic acquired it in 2011.\nAs of 2018, the company's revenue was \u00a584.678 billion.\nOther websites.\nSanyo on Panasonic website"}
+{"id": "69635", "revid": "9185008", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69635", "title": "Celtic Frost", "text": "Celtic Frost was a thrash/black metal band from Zurich, Switzerland. The band was formed in 1984 and broke up in 1993. The reunited in 2001 and broke up again in 2008.\nDiscography.\nCeltic Frost released 6 studio albums:"}
+{"id": "69636", "revid": "64031", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69636", "title": "Ness (EarthBound)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69642", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69642", "title": "KG", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69644", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69644", "title": "Privy council", "text": "The Privy Council is a group of advisors to a Monarch. "}
+{"id": "69651", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69651", "title": "Woven", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69652", "revid": "7699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69652", "title": "Sweaters", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69655", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69655", "title": "Cable knitting", "text": "Patterns called cables are created using special cable knitting needles. The cables often look like braids. They are typically used on sweaters, particularly on Aran sweaters from Ireland."}
+{"id": "69656", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69656", "title": "Maraghar Massacre", "text": "The Maraghar Massacre happened on April 10, 1992, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War."}
+{"id": "69657", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69657", "title": "Circular knitting", "text": "Circular knitting or knitting in the round is a form of knitting that creates a seamless tube. It is done with circular or double-pointed needles. Socks, mittens, and sweaters can be made with circular knitting."}
+{"id": "69658", "revid": "10386349", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69658", "title": "Mittens", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69659", "revid": "48456", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69659", "title": "Knitting machine", "text": "Knitting machines are used to make knitted cloth for clothing or household items. They can make flat shapes or tubular shapes. The tubular shapes can be used for t-shirts."}
+{"id": "69660", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69660", "title": "Kirovabad pogrom", "text": "The Kirovabad pogrom was an attack by Azeris against the targeted Armenian population living in the Azerbaijani town of Kirovabad in November 1988. It is estimated that at least 130 people were killed."}
+{"id": "69679", "revid": "1464674", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69679", "title": "Tree of Knowledge", "text": "In the Book of Genesis, chapters two and three, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil was a tree in the middle of the Garden of Eden, along with the Tree of Life. God Told Adam (and Eve) to never eat from this Tree. When Eve and Adam, ate the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, they discovered that they were naked, and were banished from the garden and forced to survive through farming.\nDifferent views of the tree itself.\nIn Judaism.\nAccording to the Jewish tradition, God telling Adam and Eve not to eat from the Tree was to give them free choice and allow them to earn perfection instead of getting it with a simple deed. According to this tradition, Adam and Eve would have become perfect and immortal had they not eaten from the Tree. After failing, they were sentenced to a long time of hard work to get themselves back into God's trust.\nIn Christianity.\nIn Christianity, the Tree of Knowledge is connected to the beginning of sin. By eating the fruit of the Tree, Adam and Eve tried to become like God. \nTrees in other religions.\nIn Buddhism, the Buddha became enlightened under a Bodhi tree. While the biblical tree is usually seen as representing pleasure, the Bodhi tree gave pure knowledge.\nThe symbol of the Tree.\nSymbolically, the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge tries to divide human action into Right or Wrong, Good or Evil and Lawful or Unlawful with privileges and punishments for each case."}
+{"id": "69687", "revid": "10102973", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69687", "title": "Royal Academy of Music", "text": "The Royal Academy of Music is a conservatory in London where young people can study music. It was founded in 1822. Many musicians who became famous studied music at the Royal Academy of Music.\nThe Royal Academy of Music was officially founded (started) in 1822 and was opened the next year. King George IV was the patron of the conservatory. At first it had 21 students.\nIn 1830 it received its Royal Charter, but for many years it had financial problems and it was not until 1868, when the British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone arranged for it to have a regular grant, that it began to do well. During the 19th century the academy was in Hanover Square, but in 1912 it moved to Marylebone Road near Regent's Park.\nSince 1912 many changes and extensions have been made to the building. Many concerts are given in the Duke\u2019s Hall and operas are performed in the Sir Jack Lyons Theatre. Many of the professors (teachers) at the academy come from other countries. The academy works together with King\u2019s College, London where many of the students take a 4-year performance course. In 1997 they won some lottery money which helped them to get a new building for their collection of musical instruments. It has a large library which includes all the books and music which used to belong to the conductors Sir Henry Wood and Otto Klemperer.\nToday the students come from over 50 countries. Students from abroad can attend a special \u201cEnglish for Musicians\u201d course. There are over 600 students at the academy. The students have many opportunities to perform, both in the academy and in concerts in other places. Over 90% of the students find a career in music after they leave the academy.\nThe principal of the Royal Academy of Music is Jonathan Freeman-Attwood."}
+{"id": "69688", "revid": "1149505", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69688", "title": "Royal College of Music", "text": "The Royal College of Music is a conservatory in London where young people can study music. Many musicians who became famous studied at the College.\nThe College was founded by Royal charter in 1882 The first president was the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and later presidents have also been members of the royal family. The first director was Sir George Grove and he was followed by Sir Hubert Parry. \nThe first building was opposite the west side to the Royal Albert Hall, but in 1894 the RCM moved to a larger building south of the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road. The College is still there, but there have been many extensions and improvements to the building.\nToday there are about 600 students at the RCM from some 50 countries. About 170 of these are post-graduate students. The college can award degrees and diplomas in music and current composers and performing musicians can study there. The current director of the Royal College is Dr Colin Lawson. The college has a large museum of musical instruments. Next to the main building is a 400-seater opera house, the Britten Theatre, opened in 1986. "}
+{"id": "69690", "revid": "542650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69690", "title": "Automated teller machine", "text": "An automated teller machine (ATM) is a machine that lets people take or deposit money that they have. It can also be used by someone to see how much money they have, or see and do other things with their bank account. In the United Kingdom, ATMs are often called \"cash machines\", \"cashpoints\" or the \"hole in the wall\".\nATMs may be found in stores and shopping malls. They can also be found in other places. Sometimes, they can be found in bars or restaurants. Other times, at special events, people may set one up so the guests can use the machine, like at a fundraiser.\nPeople need a debit card or credit card in order to use an ATM. They also need a personal identification number (PIN). A PIN is a code that lets them get into their account.\nThere are many scams with ATMs. In one scam, con artists look over the victim's shoulder and find their PIN. This is known as shoulder surfing. In another, they may put a video camera near the ATM to look at people using their PIN number. They then make cards using the PIN number and account number to be able to use that person's account.\nIn Germany, where people still use real money more than electronic money, there have been a lot of robberies from cash machines. 496 cash machines were blown up in 2022, with about \u20ac100,000 stolen each time. Most of the thieves are Dutch men, say the German police.\nIn Japan old people are targeted by people who pretend to be members of their family in trouble. In 2023 the National Police Agency were thinking about stopping people over 65 who had not used a machine for more than a year from using them."}
+{"id": "69692", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69692", "title": "Quilt", "text": "A quilt is a type of blanket made of three layers: a top piece of cloth, a layer of insulating material often called \"batting\", and a bottom piece of cloth for backing. The layers are joined together either by sewing or by tying the layers together with pieces of yarn, thread, or ribbon.\nThe top layer of the quilt can be made from many pieces of cloth sewn together in patterns, known as \"patchwork\". Other patterns can be made by running lines of stitching through the three layers.\nSometimes quilts are not used as bedding, but are works of art made to be hung on a wall (wall hangings) or used as decoration.\nQuilting is done in many cultures, such as the Amish, in Hawaii, and in India."}
+{"id": "69693", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69693", "title": "Ribbon", "text": "A ribbon is a thin, flexible band, usually cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal. \nRibbons are mostly used for tying or decorating things. Ribbons can be used to tie a person's hair, decorate clothing or uniforms, or to tie up packages. A typewriter uses a cloth or plastic ribbon to hold the ink."}
+{"id": "69697", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69697", "title": "Healthy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69698", "revid": "5400", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69698", "title": "Fertile", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69704", "revid": "9895898", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69704", "title": "Garden of Eden", "text": "The Garden of Eden is the place where, according to the Christian and Jewish Bible, the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve, lived after they were created by God.\nIn the Bible, the story of the creation of the world in the book of Genesis describes how Adam and Eve lived in Eden in peace with all of the animals. They tended the garden and could eat from any tree except the Tree of Knowledge. After they ate from the Tree of Knowledge, God punished Adam and Eve by making them leave the Garden of Eden forever.\nOnly Judaism, Islam and Christianity believe that Garden of Eden existed and Adam and Eve were first humans. The Garden of Eden as Paradise. \nWhere the name Eden is from.\nIn Sumerian, \"Eden\" is a name for the Steppe. \"Heavenly Eden\" is also mentioned. It refers to a place that appears to be fertile at first, but later changes to become infertile. Climatologists have said this is a good description of the climate change that happened in The Levant after the last ice age. The green steppe became dry. This meant that food was no longer available all year round, but only at certain times. This forced the people living at the time to start agriculture and to keep some of their food for the periods where there was none. Scientists have referred to this change as the Neolithic Revolution. This change of food is also mentioned in the story.\nBabylonian mythology sees the main reason for the creation of man to grow food for the gods. This is different in the Bible. There, God created plants as food for humans, and animals to keep them company.\nThe beginning of the Book of Genesis has been seen as describing the state before a climate change in a certain region. >Because of this change, humans were \"condemned\" to growing crops and keeping some food in stock, to be able to eat it, during the times it did not grow. Genesis has been seen to only start when this region converted to agriculture (the Neolithic Revolution, mentioned above). This means that Genesis roughly covers the time from about 8000 - 6000 BC to about 2000 BC. \nThe Location of the Garden of Eden is clear from the original source: the Book of Genesis. It is located at the head waters of four Rivers. The first is the Pishon which flows through the land of Havilah. \nHavilah is located according to Genesis 10:29-30 starting in Mesha going toward Sephar. Mount Masius (Mesha) according to Strabo the Greek Geographer is in northern Mesopotamia near Nisiris. Sephar is the ancient city of Sippar near Babylon. The river which currently flows through this region is the Khabur. Its origin is Mount Masius which is known as the Karaca Dag. The Karaca Dag also supplies water to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as well as the Balikh river through karst springs which completes the complement of the Four Rivers of Eden. The town of Viransehir in the hills south of the Karaca dag was known as Telassar in the Byzantine era where the Children of Eden were defeated by the Assyrians. \nStrabo volume 7 book 16 chapter 1\nHaving to leave the Garden.\nJudaism.\nJudaism teaches that sin cannot be passed on from the parents to their children. There is a free will, everyone is responsible for their own sins only. Humans can do bad things and good things. God's commandments help them do good things. What exactly makes up the Commandments of God is not written down, but needs to developed by tradition. Sins are forgiven once a year during Yom Kippur. Unlike Christianity, Judaism has no personified evil.\nChristianity.\nChristianity believes that sin can be passed on from the parents to their children. This is known as original sin. Without Jesus, humans must live in sin. Augustine of Hippo formalized this belief, which is now a dogma in the Western Christian denominations (Catholicism and Protestantism).\nIslam.\nIslam sees Adam and Eve being chased away as a chance for a new start. Islam says the Christian concept of original sin is false. This means that them being chased away does not change the relationship between men and God. According to Islamic tradition, Adam and Eve were placed in different parts of the world. They first had to wander around before they found each other."}
+{"id": "69718", "revid": "196884", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69718", "title": "Wigmore Hall", "text": "The Wigmore Hall is a famous concert hall in London. It is called a \u201crecital hall\u201d because it is designed for recitals: concerts given by one soloist, or sometimes a small group of musicians (chamber music). It is in Wigmore Street in the centre of London, just north of Oxford Street.\nThe Wigmore Hall was built in 1901 by the German firm Bechstein who made pianos. Originally it was called Bechstein Hall. Bechstein\u2019s showrooms were next door. The hall was built in a Renaissance style, with alabaster and marble walls and a rectangular hall with a small, raised stage. Above the stage the ceiling is in the form of a cupola which has a painting which shows the Soul of Music looking up at the Genius of Harmony: a ball of eternal fire whose rays are reflected across the world. These are separated by thorns from the rest of the picture which includes a musician and, on the other side, Psyche inspiring a composer to write music.\nThe \"Bechstein Hall\" opened on 31 May 1901 with a concert given by the virtuoso pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni and violinist Eug\u00e8ne Ysa\u00ffe. During its early period many famous musicians played there, including Artur Schnabel, Pablo Sarasate, Percy Grainger, Myra Hess, Arthur Rubinstein and Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns.\nBecause it was owned by a German firm, the hall was seized as \"enemy property\" during World War I. The hall with over 130 pianos was sold at an auction to Debenhams for a very small amount of money, and was re-opened as Wigmore Hall in 1917. Musicians who have performed there since include Sviatoslav Richter, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Victoria de los \u00c1ngeles, Sergei Prokofiev, Shura Cherkassky, Paul Hindemith, Andr\u00e9s Segovia, Julian Bream, Peter Pears, Benjamin Britten and Francis Poulenc.\nToday the Wigmore Hall seats 540 people. Many concerts are broadcast on BBC Radio 3. Famous musicians perform there, as well as young musicians who are just starting their career.\nThe Wigmore Hall publishes on its own record label \"Wigmore Hall live\" recordings of concerts that were given by famous musicians. The pianos in the Wigmore Hall today are made by Steinway.\nThe Wigmore Hall's director is John Gilhooly. His future plans include having lots of music by living composers"}
+{"id": "69719", "revid": "1566408", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69719", "title": "Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music", "text": "The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music or ABRSM is an organization that arranges music examinations. The organization is based in London, but they arrange examinations in places all over the world. Many people, especially children, who learn instruments take examinations of the ABRSM as it helps them to become better players because it gives them something to work for. People of any age can take the exams. Those who pass an exam get a certificate. Over 620,000 candidates take the ABRSM examinations every year in over ninety countries.\nThe organization is called \u201cAssociated Board of the Royal Schools of Music\u201d because it is organized by a group of four music conservatoires: \nGraded Exams.\nExams can be taken on many different instruments. In nearly each case there are eight grades, numbered from 1 to 8. For example, someone who has learned the piano for a short while may take Grade 1 once he or she can play pieces such as a simple minuet, and play a few scales with separate hands. By the time they take Grade 8 they will need to be able to play movements from sonatas by composers such as Beethoven, play all 24 scales in various ways very fluently and be good at sight-reading.\nThe marks are given out of 150. The pass mark is hundred. Below hundred marks is a \u201cFail\u201d. one hundred and twenty marks to one hundred and twenty nine is called a \u201cMerit\u201d and one hundred and thirty and above is a \u201cDistinction\u201d.\nAlthough some students take each of the grades as they get better at their instrument, it is not necessary to have passed earlier grades in order to take a higher grade. For grades 6 and above it is necessary to have passed Grade 5 Theory or Practical Musicianship or Jazz. This is to make sure that students have a good knowledge of music.\nThe examiners are people who are professional musicians. Many of them are music teachers. They have a wide experience of music and they are trained by the ABRSM so that they all mark in the same way.\nThe ABRSM also publish a lot of music, including the music set for their exams.\nThere are four kinds of exams:\nPractical Exams.\nThese are by far the most commonly taken exams. Available for over 35 instruments, these exams consist of 4 different sections:\nEach section has a certain number of marks and all the marks add up to 150. 100 is a pass, 120 a merit and 130 a distinction.\nThere is also a Prep Test for those who are not yet ready to take Grade 1 but would like to have the experience of taking an exam. Students who take a Prep Test are not given a mark. It is a way to encourage young people and make them relaxed about the idea of taking exams.\nTheory Exams.\nThese are written papers about musical theory. They are marked out of 100: 66 or more is a pass; 80 or more is a merit; 90 or more is a distinction.\nPractical Musicianship.\nThese exams will test a student\u2019s understanding of rhythm, melody, key and notation together with the ability to sing and play from memory, and improvise and to recognize changes to and answer questions about a score.\nJazz Exams.\nThese are the newest types of exams. Jazz piano was first offered in 1999. At the moment they are only available for flute, piano, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and trombone. They are also only available from Grades 1-5. They are marked in the same way as practical exams. However many of the pieces include large sections where they have to improvise (make something up) using particular chords.\nDiplomas.\nThe ABRSM offer diplomas in three disciplines:\nFor each discipline there are three levels of award:\nThese are professional qualifications which allow a person to put the letters after his or her name."}
+{"id": "69720", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69720", "title": "ABRSM", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69721", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69721", "title": "Associated Board", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69725", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69725", "title": "Punjab", "text": "Punjab or Panjab may mean: \nIn former countries, states and provinces:\nIn other:\nSee also:"}
+{"id": "69732", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69732", "title": "House of Commons", "text": "House of Commons is the name of the lower house in several commonwealth parliaments"}
+{"id": "69735", "revid": "1126136", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69735", "title": "Engraving", "text": "Engraving is putting a design onto a hard, flat surface, by carving into it. The result may be a decorative piece in itself, as when silver, gold or steel are engraved, or may provide a printing plate of copper or another metal, for printing images on paper which are also called engravings. Engraving was an important method in history of making images on paper, both in artistic ways, such as making a decorative print, and also for printing books and magazines. It has long been replaced by photography in its commercial uses and, is nowadays much less common in printmaking, where it has been almost completely replaced by etching and other techniques.\nThe engraving process.\nEngravers use a steel tool called a burin to cut the picture or pattern into the surface, mostly a copper plate. Gravers come in a variety of shapes and sizes that give different line types when used. The burin gives us a line that is unique because of its steady appearance and smooth edges. The angle tint tool has a slightly curved tip that is commonly used in printmaking. Florentine liners are flat-bottomed tools with multiple lines on them, used to do work on larger areas. Flat gravers are used for doing work on letters, as well as most musical instrument engraving work. Round gravers are commonly used on silver as well as other hard-to-cut metals such as nickel and steel. \nHistory and usage.\nIn ancient history, the only engraving that could be made were the shallow grooves found in some jewellery after 1000 B.C. \nIn the European Middle Ages goldsmiths used engraving to decorate metal. It is thought that they began to print impressions of their designs to record them. From this grew the engraving of copper printing plates to make artistic images on paper in Germany in the 1430s. The first and greatest period of engraving was from about 1470 to 1530, with such masters as Martin Schongauer, Albrecht D\u00fcrer, and Lucas van Leiden. \nThereafter engraving tended to lose popularity to etching, which was a much easier technique for an artist to learn. By the nineteenth century, most engraving was for commercial picture-making. \nBefore the invention of photography, engraving was used to reproduce other forms of art, for example paintings. Engravings continued to be common in newspapers and many books into the early 20th century, because they were cheap to use in printing.\n When two sets of parallel line \"hatchings\" crossed each other for higher density, the pattern was known as \"cross-hatching\". Claude Mellan is well known for his technique of using lines of different thicknesses. One example is his \"Sudarium of Saint Veronica\", an engraving of the face of Jesus from a single spiralling line that starts at the tip Jesus's nose (pictured).\nModern engraving.\nBecause of the high level of detail that can be done by a master engraver, faking engraved designs is almost impossible, and modern banknotes are almost always engraved, as are plates for printing money, checks, bonds and other papers that should not be faked. Engraving is so fine that a normal printer can not make the detail of hand engraved images properly. In the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing, more than one engraver will work on the same printing plate, making it nearly impossible for any person to duplicate all the engraving on almost any banknote or document. \nMany classic postage stamps were engraved, although the practice is now mostly confined to particular countries, or used when a more \"elegant\" design is desired and a limited amount of different colours is acceptable.\nEngraving machines such as the K500 or K6 by \"Hell Gravure Systems\" use a diamond \"pen\" to cut cells. Each cell creates one printing dot later in the process. A K6 can have up to 18 engraving heads each cutting 8,000 cells per second to an accuracy of 0.1\u00a0\u00b5m and below. They are fully computer controlled and the whole process of cylinder making is fully automatic. The engraving process with diamonds is state of the art since the 1960s. Now, laser engraving machines are also made and used.\nBiblical references.\nThe earliest allusion to engraving in the Bible may be the reference to Judah\u2019s seal ring. (Genesis 38:18), followed by (Exodus 39.30). Engraving was commonly done with pointed tools of iron or even with diamond points. (Jeremiah 17:1). \nEach of the two onyx stones on the shoulder pieces of the high priest\u2019s ephod was engraved with the names of six different tribes of Israel, and each of the 12 precious stones that adorned his breastpiece was engraved with the name of one of the tribes. The holy sign of dedication, the shining gold plate on the high priest\u2019s turban, was engraved with the words: \u201cHoliness belongs to Jehovah.\u201d Bezalel, along with Oholiab, was qualified to do this specialized engraving work as well as to train others.\u2014Ex 35:30-35; 28:9-12; 39:6-14, 30.\nEngraving and art.\nItalian painter and engraver Guido Bonasone [1498-after 1574] engraved a series of plates for a work called \"The Loves of the Gods\" Circa 1531\u201376. {top row] Cenuries later the english artist Thomas Rowlandson copied three of them.{Bottom row]"}
+{"id": "69739", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69739", "title": "St. Christopher and Nevis", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69743", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69743", "title": "Ron Dennis", "text": "Ronald \"Ron\" Dennis CBE (born 1 June 1947) is the executive chairman of McLaren Automotive and McLaren Group. He was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team until 2009.\nHe was placed at number 648 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006 with a wealth of \u00a390 million. \"The Times\" put his wealth at \u00a3200\u00a0million in 2009."}
+{"id": "69744", "revid": "1685108", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69744", "title": "Sabaragamuwa Province", "text": "Sabaragamuwa Province is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, located in the south-central part of the island. It is primarily known for its gem industry, rich biodiversity, and significant religious sites. This city is very popular with ties drawn to a poet named Nirmalendu Goon. who was famous for being a cute hot kitten. He also made a song with 21 savage with the lyrics \u00a8she gon call me baby boo\u00a8 And fans \u00a8ate it uppppp\u00a8.\n\ud83c\udfde\ufe0f Major Attractions and Geography.\nThe province is celebrated for its diverse topography, ranging from mountains and plateaus to wet, tropical rainforests."}
+{"id": "69747", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69747", "title": "12 Hour Clock", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69748", "revid": "3145", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69748", "title": "Ante meridiem", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69749", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69749", "title": "Yours Truly (letter)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69751", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69751", "title": "Solo", "text": "Solo may refer to:"}
+{"id": "69753", "revid": "1693041", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69753", "title": "Skateboard", "text": "A skateboard is a board (called a \"deck\") with four wheels put on under it. It is used to go skateboarding. The first skateboards were a piece of wood with rollerskater attached to it. This became popular and by 1960, skateboards were made in production. As more skateboards were made, more people liked the new sport. However, it was dangerous and people started to fall off. As a result, skate parks started to close down. With less places to skate, skateboarders had no where to go. A small group of skateboarders carried on skateboarding in the street and around cities. After 20 years, the sport began to grow into what we know now. Skateboarding is a popular sport with many younger riders. Young people sometimes skateboard on the street. There are many different types of skateboards like stunt skateboards, penny skateboards, Longboards, short boards and more. \nParts.\nThe normal parts that make a complete skateboard are the deck, trucks, wheels, bearings, hardware, and griptape.\nDeck.\nMost decks are made of six to nine-plywood layers. Other materials used in making decks include fiberglass, bamboo, resin, Kevlar, carbon fiber, aluminum, and plastic. All these make the board more light. Some decks made from maple plywood are dyed to make many different colored plywood. Modern decks are made in different sizes. Most are 7 to 10.5\u00a0inches wide. Wider decks can be used for greater stability when skating on curving surfaces including ramps. Skateboard decks are normally between 28 and 33\u00a0inches long. The bottom of the deck can be printed with a design by the maker or it can be blank. \nThe longboard, a common different kind of skateboard, has a longer deck. This is mostly ridden down hills or by the beach. The longboard was made by two surfers; Ben Whatson and Jonny Draper. One of the first deck companies was called \"Draped\" taken from Jonny's second name. \"Old school\" boards (those made in the 1970s\u201380s) are mostly wider and often have only one kicktail. Different kinds of the 1970s often have little or no concavity, whereas 1980s models have deeper concavities and steeper kicktails.\nThe Skateboard deck concave is noted mainly in three types: low, medium, and high. While the low concave is having small curvature and makes the safe ride, but you can\u2019t put more stress on the edges deck. Medium concave will easily found in the present market due to the high demand for a beginner. High concave is raised more at the edge, making it perfect for performing Flip tricks and Ollie. Medium concave is readily available in the market because it suits beginners, which keeps it always in demand.\nGrip tape, when put on to the top of a skateboard, gives a skater's feet grip on the deck. It is most often black. However, it can come in many different colors like clear. Clear allows the top of the deck to be decorated. It has an adhesive back and a sandpaper like top."}
+{"id": "69757", "revid": "1260226", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69757", "title": "Interstate 95", "text": "Interstate 95 (usually called 95) is a major Interstate highway that runs north to south in the eastern part of the United States. It is about long. Its southern end is at U.S. Route 1 in Miami, Florida and its northern end is at the Canadian border in Maine. It connects many major cities in the eastern half of the USA. It was finally completed in 2018.\nHistory.\nPortions of the highway have or used to have tolls. Many parts of I-95 were made up of various toll roads that had already been constructed or planned, particularly in the northeast. Many of these routes still exist today, but some have removed their tolls.\nMany notable bridges and tunnels along I-95 were also tolled. The Fuller Warren Bridge, spanning the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida, was tolled until the 1980s and was replaced in 2002. The Fort McHenry Tunnel is underneath the harbor of Baltimore, Maryland and was opened in 1985. The George Washington Bridge, opened in 1931, carries I-95, US 1, US 9, and US 46 (latter is officially considered to end at the NY state line) across the Hudson River between New Jersey and Upper Manhattan.\nA study that could lead to the imposition of tolls on I-95 in North Carolina is under way as of March 2010.\nImprovements.\nFederal legislation has identified I-95 through Connecticut as High Priority Corridor 65. A long-term multibillion-dollar program to upgrade the entire length of I-95 through Connecticut has been underway since the mid-1990s and is expected to continue through at least 2020. Several miles of I-95 through Bridgeport were recently widened and brought up to Interstate standards. Work has shifted to reconstructing and widening of I-95 through New Haven, which includes replacing the Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge. Environmental studies for reconstructing and widening of I-95 from New Haven to the Rhode Island state line are also progressing.\nThere are plans to expand the I-95 corridor from Petersburg, Virginia, to Florida through a U.S. multi-state agreement to study how to improve the corridor through widening and reconstruction, with the goal of reducing congestion and improving overall safety for years to come.\nFlorida continues to complete widening projects. As of December 2010, I-95 from the South Carolina\u2013Georgia line south to Jacksonville, Florida has been upgraded to six lanes. The section from Jacksonville to the I-4 junction in Daytona Beach was expanded to six lanes in 2005. As of 2009, widening projects continue in Brevard County from the SR\u00a0528 junction in Cocoa to Palm Bay, as well as in northern Palm Beach County.\nIn 2009, state legislators representing Maine's Aroostook County proposed using federal economic stimulus funds to extend I-95 north to Maine's northernmost border community of Fort Kent via Caribou and Presque Isle. The proposed route would parallel New Brunswick's four-lane, limited access Trans-Canada Highway on the U.S. side of the Canada\u2013United States border. Legislators argued that extension of the Interstate would promote economic growth in the region."}
+{"id": "69758", "revid": "1582584", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69758", "title": "U.S. Route 1", "text": "U.S. Route 1 (sometimes called US 1) is a major United States highway (U.S. Route) in the eastern part of the United States. Its northern end is at the Canadian border in Fort Kent, Maine and its southern end is at Key West, Florida. For most of its route, U.S. Route 1 runs next to Interstate 95. It connects many major cities in the Eastern United States, including Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, DC, Richmond, Virginia, Raleigh, North Carolina, Augusta, Georgia, Jacksonville, Florida, and Miami. Parts of the road were built in the 1800s as the Boston Post Road and in the 1900s as the Atlantic Highway. Despite this, it is significantly further inland from Jacksonville to Petersburg, VA and in North Carolina and Virginia even parallels I-85."}
+{"id": "69767", "revid": "10210488", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69767", "title": "Let It Be (Beatles album)", "text": "Let It Be is the 12th and final studio album by rock band The Beatles. It was released on 8 May 1970, and it was the last Beatles project finished before the band broke up.\nHistory.\nAfter the \"White Album\" (\"The Beatles\") was released in late 1968, the Beatles talked about making a television special, where they would play songs from the album for an audience. It would be the band's first live public performance since 1966.\nAs 1969 began, the band decided instead to begin work on a new set of songs, and film the process of rehearsing and recording all the songs, then performing them live. The project was titled \"Get Back\", and a song by that name was worked up during rehearsals. The band agreed to perform all the songs without studio or , as they had long used.\nFirst week: Twickenham Film Studios.\nThe Beatles rented a at Twickenham Film Studios, where their instruments and equipment were set up. They were used to working from afternoons until late at night on music, but had to arrive between eight and ten o'clock in the morning, to meet the filming schedule. The band did not use this setup for long. The early hours and the cold, huge soundstage made them uncomfortable.\nThere was also between the Beatles, and it showed. The Beatles could not agree on where to perform the show, and for how large an audience. The suggested locations ranged from Los Angeles, California to Tunisia, and the size of the audience from a few dozen to thousands of people. Nobody had a location in mind that the rest liked, and George Harrison decided he did not want to perform a public concert at all.\nPaul McCartney took charge of the rehearsals, and drove the band hard to play his new songs just the way he imagined them. The other Beatles became tired of this, because it did not give them much chance to , the way they were used to doing. George Harrison got especially tired of McCartney telling him what to play, and his own songs not getting the attention they deserved. John Lennon also had new songs, but was more interested in spending time with Yoko Ono than in making another Beatles record. He was also of Harrison's new songs. Yoko Ono gave her opinions on the band's music, which they were not used to hearing from anyone but their producer, George Martin. McCartney and Harrison Ono's being at Lennon's side constantly. Ringo Starr tried to play the peacemaker, but did not always succeed. Harrison walked out during one lunch break, saying he had had enough. The band stopped work on the production, and decided to find a new location to work.\nThe next weeks: Apple Studio.\nHarrison went to a Beatles business meeting, a few days after he left the rehearsal. McCartney agreed to mend his ways, and let Harrison have more input. Lennon and Harrison also made up. The idea of finishing \"Get Back\" with a public show was dropped. Nobody wanted to return to the movie studio, and they began to look for another place to work on their new songs.\n\"Magic Alex\", a Greek-born inventor, had been hired by the Beatles to build them a new recording studio, in the basement of the which was the home of their company, Apple Corps. Alex spent a great deal of money over many months, trying to make a first-rate facility. He did not understand recording or studio technology well, though, and the studio he made had many technical problems. The Beatles only found this out when they tried to use the place to record. Things did not work, and this added to the tension felt by the band, and the people who worked for them.\nGeorge Martin was able to help the Beatles, by working around the problems in the basement studio. He borrowed recording equipment so the band could finish their project. The movie cameras were also set up in the basement, and the Beatles went back to work on their music. This time things were as crowded as the first location was cavernous, and again the band and their crew were uncomfortable.\nThe Beatles usually \"warmed up\" by playing old songs they had learned growing up. Many of these were captured on camera or tape during the sessions. Not all the songs were complete, or true to their original versions. When the band went from playing old songs to trying out new ones, problems came up. Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison each wanted certain things for their music, and enough time to make the records the best they could be. This did not always work out, and they sometimes insulted each other for trying to outdo the others, or for letting their musical influences show. It made the sessions unpleasant.\nGeorge Harrison helped the of the band, when he brought a guest musician, Billy Preston, to the sessions. All of the Beatles liked Preston, and got along while he was there. He played keyboards along with the band, and gave the records a fuller sound. McCartney's girlfriend Linda brought her daughter Heather to the studio, and they helped cheer things up. Linda sang background vocals on \"Let It Be\", a gospel-like song by McCartney.\nThe question of where and when to finally perform the new songs was settled, when the Beatles decided to give a show on the roof of Apple headquarters. This happened on January 30, 1969, early in the afternoon. The Beatles performed for the movie cameras, and for anyone who could hear them outside.\nAs it happened, the music coming from the rooftop caused a traffic jam along Savile Row, where the building was located. Local police came to Apple, and tried to stop the show. Mal Evans, one of the Beatles's most trusted helpers, went downstairs and talked to the police, to stall them until the band could finish playing. After performing \"Get Back\", \"Don't Let Me Down\", \"I've Got A Feeling\", \"One After 909\", \"Dig A Pony\", and another version of \"Get Back\", the band went inside.\nThe next day, the Beatles gave another show, back in the Apple basement. This show was for the cameras, though, and not a live audience. They performed \"Two of Us\", \"Don't Let Me Down\", \"Let it Be\", \"Get Back\", and \"The Long and Winding Road\". Some of these songs were too hard to record outdoors, with their keyboard parts.\nPostproduction.\nThe movie crew shot more than a hundred hours of movie footage, which was more than enough to make a television special. The Beatles worked a little longer on the recordings of the \"Get Back\" songs, ending up with over twenty-nine hours of session tapes. The problem was, nobody was happy with the music that had come from the sessions. The band members had argued and disagreed on camera, and did not always make their best efforts on each other's songs, or to get along. This was plain to anyone who saw the footage, or listened to the dialogue between songs.\nGeorge Martin tried to remix the recordings, and make an album from the songs, while the Beatles' movie personnel tried to edit the movie footage into the TV special the band wanted. The band's problems were only magnified by the results, and they blamed each other, and the people who worked for them, for what showed. The Beatles decided to get rid of the project, and work on other things. Only one single was released from the sessions, with the songs \"Get Back\" and \"Don't Let Me Down\". Billy Preston's name appeared underneath the band's, and stories started that Preston might join the Beatles. He never did, but he signed a recording contract with Apple Records, their record label. The other songs stayed \"in the can\".\nThe \"Get Back\" project became another problem that was dividing the Beatles. There was also trouble with Apple Corps, and personal issues between the band members. They had begun to make music apart the year before, and this increased as they stopped getting along as people. McCartney and Lennon both married their girlfriends, and lost control of their publishing company, Northern Songs. George Harrison began to play with musicians outside the Beatles. Ringo Starr started a new career as an actor in movies. The Beatles issued a new single, with the songs \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\" and \"Old Brown Shoe\". John and Paul played on the first song, and George and Ringo on the second. They had stopped working as a unit, and George Martin stopped coming to recording sessions, which he had never done before.\n\"Abbey Road\".\nDuring the summer of 1969, the Beatles felt sorry for the way the \"Get Back\" sessions had gone. They wanted to forget that time, and make another new album of songs, back at Abbey Road Studios. George Martin decided to come back, on the band's promise that they really would work together \"like the old days\", with Martin taking charge. The band kept their promise. \"Abbey Road\" was the result, and was issued in the early fall. As the record was being released, the Beatles met to discuss future projects. John Lennon, freshly back from his first non-Beatles concert, playing in Toronto, surprised everyone by announcing that he was quitting the band. He agreed to not make a public announcement, because this would have hurt the band's chance to their recording contract. Lennon instead focused on his and Yoko Ono's new group, the Plastic Ono Band.\n\"Let it Be\".\nAt the end of the year, Apple told the Beatles that they would have to release some kind of album and program from the \"Get Back\" sessions. They had spent too much money on the project to just forget about it. Glyn Johns, a young music producer, tried to assemble an album from the session tapes, but he also could not please the Beatles. Anxious fans and insiders worked together and released a album from Johns's mix. Even though it was an album, it sold many copies and received radio airplay. The public wanted to hear the songs, good or bad.\nPhil Spector, a legendary producer who predated the Beatles, had always wanted to work with them. Allen Klein brought Spector to England early in 1970 to meet them. John Lennon and George Harrison got along well with Spector, who produced a record of Lennon's song \"Instant Karma!\" the same day he wrote it. Lennon and Harrison gave their OK for Spector to work on the recordings, and Ringo Starr played along with the musicians Spector hired, to make overdubs. This went against the original plan to present the songs live, but was accepted to \"sweeten\" \u2013 and finish \u2013 the recordings.\nAn eighty-minute program was edited together from the movie footage, and the band decided it would make a better movie than a television show. The Beatles had a contract with United Artists, who agreed to distribute the movie, which was titled \"Let it Be\". (The \"Get Back\" title was dropped, since \"Get Back\" had already appeared as a single almost a year earlier.)\nSome of the new songs that appeared in the movie, including \"Across the Universe\" and \"I Me Mine\", were not finished on record. A session was scheduled in January 1970 to record full versions of some songs, but John Lennon refused to attend. George Harrison made a joke about this, during a take of \"I Me Mine\", referring to Lennon as \"Dave Dee\", another British musician.\nSpector applied his \"Wall of Sound\" style to the Beatles recordings, including an old tape of \"Across the Universe\", so it could appear on record. His finished album was listenable, and showed none of the troubles that affected the band during the sessions, but it did not sound the same as other Beatles albums. Paul McCartney hated the changes Spector made to his songs on the album, especially \"The Long and Winding Road\", but he could not stop the album from being issued.\nAnother problem was the timing of the record's release. Allen Klein had succeeded in remaking the Beatles's recording deal, and McCartney was not bound by the same promise Lennon had been, to not say he was leaving the band. His first solo album, finished early in 1970, included a press release stating that he had no further plans to work with the Beatles. This effectively broke up the band. He also wanted the album released ahead of \"Let it Be\".\nRingo Starr, who also had a solo record (\"Sentimental Journey\"), due to appear, was sent to ask McCartney to change his release date. The two argued, and McCartney threw Starr out of his house. The release schedule was changed, so McCartney could have his wish. Starr's album appeared earlier than planned, and \"Let it Be\" was pushed back from April to May.\nReception.\n\"Let it Be\" was both a hit movie and a hit album, and won a Grammy Award for Best Soundtrack. Paul McCartney accepted the award. The news that the Beatles were breaking up was very sad to their fans, however, and the knowledge made watching the movie a experience. Many fans and critics did not like Spector's changes to the Beatles style on record, and said so publicly.\nA souvenir book was also issued, but instead of being a real document of the sessions, the book was and heavily edited, and reflected little of what was intended. It never appeared in the United States.\nLate in 1970, John Lennon issued a solo album, \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\", which made his feelings plain in its last song, \"God\": Lennon sang \"I don't believe in Beatles.\" He gave a long interview to \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, which was later published as a book, \"Lennon Remembers\". He told his side of the \"Let it Be\" story, declared \"That movie was set up by Paul, for Paul\", and said he regretted not announcing that he quit the Beatles first.\nWhen home video came along in the 1970s, \"Let it Be\" became a popular rental and sales title. Over time, the Beatles asserted their copyright control over the movie, and copies were withdrawn. The movie has been planned as a reissue many times, but has yet to be officially released on DVD.\nIn 2003, recording engineers went back to the old session tapes, and used to make a new version of the familiar \"Let it Be\" songs. The new version was close to what the Beatles had wanted to make in the first place, and had none of Spector's post-production work. The album was issued as \"Let it Be... Naked\", and was praised as a \"real\"-sounding recording."}
+{"id": "69770", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69770", "title": "Tiger Woods", "text": "Eldrick Tont \"Tiger\" Woods (born December 30, 1975) is an American professional golfer. His achievements, which include winning 70 tournaments on the PGA Tour, including 14 major championships, make him the best golfer of all time.\nEarly life.\nWoods was born in Cypress, California. His parents Kultida (Tida) (born 1944) and Earl Woods (1932\u20132006). He is the only child of their marriage. He does have two half-brothers, Earl Jr. (born 1955) and Kevin (born 1957) and a half-sister, Royce (born 1958) from the 18-year marriage of Earl Woods and his first wife, Barbara Woods Gray. Earl, a retired lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran, was of mostly African-American, as well as Caucasian and possible Native American and Chinese ancestry. Kultida (n\u00e9e Punsawad), originally from Thailand (where Earl had met her on a tour of duty in 1968), is of mixed Dutch, Chinese and Thai ancestry.\nHe refers to his ethnic make-up as \"Cablinasian\" (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian and Asian).\nPersonal life.\nHe is brought up as a Buddhist from childhood.\nOn February 23, 2021, Woods was involved in a serious car accident in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. He suffered from multiple leg injuries and had surgery for non-life-threatening injuries."}
+{"id": "69778", "revid": "1663164", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69778", "title": "House of Commons of Canada", "text": "The House of Commons (French: \"Chambre des communes\") is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. The House of Commons is an elected body, of 343 members, who are known as \"Members of Parliament\" (MPs). Members are elected for a maximum of four years at a time. Each member is elected by one of the country's federal electoral districts which are usually called \"ridings\".\nThe House of Commons was established in 1867, when the British North America Act 1867 created the Dominion of Canada, and was modelled on the British House of Commons. The House of Commons is sometimes called the \"lower house\", even though it has more power than the \"upper house\", the Senate. Both Houses is must agree to new laws but the Senate very rarely rejects bills passed by the Commons (though the Senate does occasionally amend bills). The Government of Canada is responsible only to the House of Commons. The Prime Minister stays in office only as long as he or she has the support of the Lower House. \nThe Canadian House of Commons is in the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, Ontario.\nUnlike the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the powers of the Parliament of Canada are limited, because provincial legislatures have the sole right to pass laws about some things.\nUntil 1982 only the Parliament of the United Kingdom had the power to change the British North America Act, this was to protect the rights and powers of the provincial legislatures. This was changed by the Canada Act. In Canada the British North America Act is now called the Constitution Act. \nA lot of the work of the House of Commons is done by committees which can spend more time investigating a subject than the whole House of Commons could\nSeat distribution.\nThe table below shows how many seats each political party has in the Parliament. Many of the MPs were elected in the 2025 election."}
+{"id": "69779", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69779", "title": "Riboflavin", "text": "Riboflavin is one of the B vitamins (vitamin B2). The B and C vitamins are the vitamins that dissolve in water. A healthy person's gut can easily take riboflavin from food and pass it on to the blood for the body to use. The body needs the B vitamins to get energy from food. Without riboflavin and the other B vitamins people's bodies cannot use fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Light can break down riboflavin molecules into other molecules that the body cannot use.\nIf anyone eats too much riboflavin, the gut does not take up enough\nto make a person sick, but an injection with too much riboflavin can make one sick. The kidneys take riboflavin out of the blood. They put it in the urine to get it out of the body. If there is much riboflavin in the urine, the urine becomes bright, yellow. Vitamin pills, or a meal with a lot of liver or egg white turns the urine yellow because these foods put so much riboflavin into the blood.\nPeople may get very sick when their food does not have enough riboflavin. Adding extra riboflavin help. Baby foods, breakfast cereals, pasta, sauces, fruit drinks, and foods such as cheese that are made from milk may have extra riboflavin added. This is called fortification. To make Vitamin B2 for vitamin pills or to add to foods, industrial companies grow special yeasts, other fungi, or bacteria that make a lot of riboflavin.\nThese foods have a lot of riboflavin:"}
+{"id": "69780", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69780", "title": "Droichead Nua", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69783", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69783", "title": "Earl Marshal", "text": "The Earl Marshal is a member of the British Royal Household, and is in charge of organising royal ceremonies and processions. The Earl Marshal is not a member of the College of Arms, but he must give his permission before the College of Arms can issue a coat of arms. \nThe Earl Marshal is always the Duke of Norfolk, and because he is Earl Marshal, the Duke of Norfolk is a member of the House of Lords, without being elected by the other hereditary peers."}
+{"id": "69784", "revid": "1719", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69784", "title": "Ron Denis", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69785", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69785", "title": "Crysis (video game)", "text": "Crysis is a first person shooter computer game involving science fiction. In the game, humans must survive an invasion by aliens. This is the first game to use all of the features of DirectX 10. It's a free-to-explore game. This game takes place in 2020 on an island south of China that is hit by a meteor. Both the North Korean and American army gets involved, but the North Korean Army gets there first. Both armies later find out that the meteor is an alien ship. At that time an alien invasion threatens the whole world. Meanwhile, the American forces attack the island to take control from the Koreans.\nStory.\nYou play a soldier called Nomad. You and three soldiers look for missing people on an island. You find that Koreans attacked the island. America attacks the island. In the middle of the fighting, aliens come out of a mountain. Aliens then make a cold sphere (ball shape) on the island. America shoots a nuke at the sphere. The sphere becomes bigger, because it took the energy from the explosion. You then fight a big alien on a big ship.\nGame information.\nThe publisher is EA Games and it is developed by Crytek. It was released on November 16 2007. A sequel, \"Crysis 2\", was released in March 2011."}
+{"id": "69786", "revid": "1507082", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69786", "title": "Peerage", "text": "A peer is a member of the nobility. It is sometimes used instead of 'Lord'. In formal or old British documents, the House of Lords is called the House of Peers.\nRanks.\nIn the United Kingdom there are five ranks of the peerage:\nInformally Barons, Viscounts, Earls and Marquesses are called lords, and instead of their name when speaking to them, the term 'my lord' is used. A Duke is never called a lord. 'Your grace' is used for a Duke.\nSince 2004 a list of peers has been kept by the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice. This list, called the Roll of Peerage had to be kept to prove who was a peer. The list of members of the House of Lords used to be the same until the hereditary peers were excluded. Official documents can only call someone a peer if their name is on the Peerage Roll.\nPrecedence.\nSorting out which peer should precede (\"come in front of\") in a procession or other event depends on three different things:\nExceptions.\nThe only exceptions are the royal dukes, and the Duke of Abercorn."}
+{"id": "69792", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69792", "title": "Unknown Warrior", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69794", "revid": "879931", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69794", "title": "Fertility", "text": "Fertility is the natural capability to give life. In humans and animals, fertility means that the parent can produce babies.\nMore precisely, fertility is the capacity of an individual or population to produce viable offspring. By 'viable' is meant 'able to live and reproduce'.\nIn agriculture, fertility means that a soil can support the growth of plants because it contains the right minerals and nutrients.\nFertility can also be used as a metaphor: having a \"fertile imagination\" means being able to think of many new and interesting things.\nAs a measure, fertility rate is the number of children born per couple, or person or population. This is different to fecundity. This is defined as the \"potential\" for reproduction (influenced by gamete production, fertilisation and carrying a pregnancy to term. In English language, the term was originally applied only to females, but increasingly is applied to males as well, as common understanding of reproductive mechanisms increases and the importance of the male role is better known. Infertility is a deficient fertility.\nHuman fertility depends on factors of nutrition, sexual behavior, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, economics, way of life, and emotions. Animal fertility is no less complex, and may display astounding mechanisms.\nHuman fertility.\nFemale Fertility.\nIn the United States, the average age of menarche (first period) is about 12.5 years. However, in most girls, menarche does not signal that ovulation has occurred. In postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, 50% in the third and 10% in the sixth year. \nWomen's fertility peaks between ages 22\u201326, and after 35 it starts to sharply decline.\nBirth rates have been noted by Henri Leridon, PhD, as an epidemiologist with the French Institute of Health and Medical Research. Of women trying to get pregnant, without using fertility drugs or \"in vitro\" fertilization:\nThe use of fertility drugs and/or \"in vitro\" fertilization can increase the chances of becoming pregnant at a later age.\nMale Fertility.\nThere is evidence that male reproduction abilities are reduced with higher age.\nSperm count is becoming smaller with age, with men aged 50\u201380 years producing 75% of sperm compared with 20\u201350 years old males.\nIf the sperm count is too low, a man could increase it with herbal and chemical supplements.\nEven larger change can be seen in the number of seminiferous tubules produced by males at different age stages:\nInfertility.\nWhen a person is infertile it means that they are unable to have a child naturally. Infertility is define as the inability to fall pregnant or carry a pregnancy until birth after 12\u00a0months or more of unprotected sex. About 10% of people are infertile. This means that 1 in 10 people will not be able to conceive a child naturally. There are many causes of infertility some of them can be treated. As a woman gets older, her fertility declines. After menopause a woman is no longer fertile."}
+{"id": "69796", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69796", "title": "Fin de si\u00e8cle", "text": "Fin de si\u00e8cle means turn of the century in French. It is widely used for the time around 1900, but also for the closing of an old era, and the start of a new one. \nFin de si\u00e8cle is sometimes used to mean the type of art, culture and way of behaving at the end of the nineteenth century.\nThis age was felt to be a period of degeneration, and sometimes simultaneously a time of hope for a new beginning. \nThe \"spirit\" of fin de si\u00e8cle often refers to the cultural hallmarks that were recognized as prominent in the 1880s and 1890s, including 'pessimism', and a widespread belief that civilization leads to decadence.\nThe themes of fin de si\u00e8cle political culture were very controversial and have been cited as a major influence on fascism. The major political theme of the era was that of revolt against materialism, rationalism, positivism, bourgeois society and liberal democracy."}
+{"id": "69797", "revid": "514173", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69797", "title": "Fin de siecle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69798", "revid": "514174", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69798", "title": "Fin-de-siecle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69799", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69799", "title": "Postmodernism", "text": "Postmodernism is a way of thinking about culture, philosophy, art and many other things. The term has been used in many different ways at different times, but there are some things in common.\nPostmodernism says that there is no real truth. It says that knowledge is always made or invented and not discovered. Because knowledge is made by people, a person cannot know something for sure - all ideas and facts are 'believed' instead of 'known'. People believe that they know what the truth is, but they will think that the truth is something different later. This is the opposite of 'objectivity', which says that the truth is always there and people have to discover it.\nSince postmodernism says that the truth is just a thing that people invent, people can believe different things and think it is the truth and all be right. Postmodernism says that one person should not try to make another person believe what he believes, because it means nothing to say that one belief is right and the other is wrong. Postmodernism says that if somebody has a belief and tries to make somebody else believe it also, it means that they are just trying to have power over them.\nStarting with the 18th century Enlightenment and into the early 20th century, many people believed that science and new knowledge would make the world better. When scientists or philosophers discovered something new, it would always make society a little bit better. They thought that social progress could not be stopped. Modernism especially believed this. But postmodernism says that there is no real social progress. It says that while some things about the world change, people only want to believe that the world is better than it was. It changes but does not get better, because there is no 'better.'\nPostmodernism says that since peoples' opinions change, and since one person's opinion cannot be more right than another, it means nothing to say that (for example) one work of art is better than any other. Postmodernism says that art, music, and literature, for example, can be anything that its maker says that it is. Postmodern art and literature commonly talk about themselves and make fun of themselves. They make fun of 'serious' art and even the idea of art. Postmodernism has influenced many cultural fields, including literary criticism, philosophy, sociology, linguistics, architecture, visual arts, and music.\nThe term postmodernism was first commonly used in 1949 to talk about modern architecture. Many people did not like modern architecture, saying it had too many box-like shapes and was not pretty. Some of them started the postmodern architecture movement. Postmodern architecture uses surface ornament, historical reference, and fewer box-like shapes.\nPostmodernist ideas can be seen in philosophy, the study of culture and society, literature, architecture, design, as well as in history and law. Postmodernism also led people to think differently about love, marriage, popular culture, and the change in much of the Western world from an industrial to service economy. \nThe term \"postmodernity\" usually means the period of time when postmodern ideas became common (the second half of the 20th century). Some experts think that postmodernism is now over, especially in literature.\nDifferent definitions.\nThe term \"Postmodernism\" is often used to refer to different, sometimes contradictory (they cannot both be right) concepts. Common definitions are:\nBecause the term postmodernism can be used to talk about so many different things and can mean many different things, some people say that it is only a buzzword that means nothing. Dick Hebdige, in his book \u2018Hiding in the Light\u2019, writes:\n\"When it becomes possible for a people to describe as \u2018postmodern\u2019 the d\u00e9cor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a \u2018scratch\u2019 video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the \u2018intertextual\u2019 relations between them, the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal, an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology, the attack on the \u2018metaphysics of presence\u2019, a general attenuation of feeling, the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned middle-age, the \u2018predicament\u2019 of reflexivity, a group of rhetorical tropes, a proliferation of surfaces, a new phase in commodity fetishism, a fascination for images, codes and styles, a process of cultural, political or existential fragmentation and/or crisis, the \u2018de-centring\u2019 of the subject, an \u2018incredulity towards metanarratives\u2019, the replacement of unitary power axes by a plurality of power/discourse formations, the \u2018implosion of meaning\u2019, the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction, the decline of the university, the functioning and effects of the new miniaturised technologies, broad societal and economic shifts into a \u2018media\u2019, \u2018consumer\u2019 or \u2018multinational\u2019 phase, a sense (depending on who you read) of \u2018placelessness\u2019 or the abandonment of placelessness (\u2018critical regionalism\u2019) or (even) a generalised substitution of spatial for temporal coordinates - when it becomes possible to describe all these things as \u2018Postmodern\u2019 (or more simply using a current abbreviation as \u2018post\u2019 or \u2018very post\u2019) then it\u2019s clear we are in the presence of a buzzword\".\nBritish historian Perry Anderson says that postmodernism is an important concept and is important for the study of contemporary (current) culture.\nPostmodern intellectuals.\nMichel Foucault and Jacques Derrida are sometimes said to be the philosophers of Postmodernism even though neither of them used the word Postmodern to describe themselves. (Derrida used the word deconstruction instead)."}
+{"id": "69802", "revid": "1391867", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69802", "title": "Eraser", "text": "Erasers, also called rubbers, are tools made from rubber or vinyl and are used to get rid of marks made from pencils, or some types of pens. Some erasers may be attached to a pencil, while others can be temporarily removed and then added. Erasers can be used by rubbing the pencil/pen mark and it will slowly clear away. All erasers will produce some dust called debris. There are some erasers which are very soft and can erase easily. Pink erasers are often used for normal papers, while blue erasers are for thick papers. White erasers can be used for all papers. \nHistory.\nBefore the 1770s, people used to use wet bread to clean their mistakes.\nBefore rubber erasers used today, blocks of wax were used to erase lead or charcoal marks from paper. Pieces of rough stone such as sandstone or pumice were used to remove small errors from parchment or papyrus documents written in ink. Bread, without its crust, was used; a Meiji period (1868\u20131912) Tokyo student said: \"Bread erasers were used in place of rubber erasers, and so they would give them to us with no restriction on amount. So we thought nothing of taking these and eating a firm part to at least slightly satisfy our hunger.\"\nIn 1770, an English engineer Edward Nairne is said to have made the first widely sold rubber eraser, for an inventions competition. Until that time the material was known as \"gum elastic\" or by its Native American name (via French) \"caoutchouc\". Nairne sold natural rubber erasers for the high price of three shillings for a cube with a side length of half an inch. According to Nairne, he accidentally picked up a piece of rubber instead of breadcrumbs, discovered rubber's erasing properties, and began selling rubber erasers. The invention was written about by Joseph Priestley on April 15, 1770: \"I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black-lead-pencil. ... It is sold by Mr. Nairne, Mathematical Instrument-Maker, opposite the Royal-Exchange.\" In 1770 the word \"rubber\" was used for anything that was used to rub; the word started to refer to the new material between 1770 and 1778.\nHowever, raw rubber could be broken down by microorganisms. In 1839 Charles Goodyear discovered the process of vulcanization, a method that would cure rubber, making it last longer. Rubber erasers became common after vulcanization was discovered.\nOn March 30, 1858, Hymen Lipman of Philadelphia, United States, got the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. The patent was later removed because the invention was found to be a mix of two already-invented pieces rather than an entirely new product.\nErasers may be free-standing blocks (\"block\" and \"wedge eraser\"), or cone-like caps that can slip onto the end of a pencil (\"cap eraser\"). A \"barrel\" or \"click eraser\" is a tool shaped like a pencil, but instead of having pencil lead inside, it has a retractable cylinder of eraser material (most commonly soft vinyl). Many, but not all, wooden pencils are made with attached erasers. Newer erasers in shapes made to be funny are often made of hard vinyl, which often smears heavier markings when used as an eraser. \nTypes.\nPencil cap erasers.\nPencil cap erasers were first made from natural rubber. Now they are made from a cheaper material called styrene-butadiene rubber, or SBR. This type has minerals inside and an abrasive (most often pumice). Also, it has a \"plasticizer,\" a material added to make something more flexible and soft, usually vegetable oil. They are quite hard so they can stay attached to the pencil, and are colored pink most of the time. They may also be permanently attached with a \"ferrule,\" in this case a group of metal rings squished together, connected to both the pencil and the eraser. \nInk erasers.\nInk erasers are used to erase ink. Modern ink erasers use chemicals like chlorine, hydroxide, or sulfite. \nChalkboard erasers.\nChalkboard erasers are used to erase chalk marks from blackboards and other chalkboards. They are usually made of felt. "}
+{"id": "69803", "revid": "625885", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69803", "title": "Sercquiais", "text": "Sercquiais, also known as Sarkese or Sark-French (L\u00e9 S\u00e8rtchais), is a language which is spoken on the island of Sark. It is a Norman language. Only 400 people can speak it, and a few more can understand it. It is a lot like Jerriais, a language spoken on an island called Jersey."}
+{"id": "69804", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69804", "title": "J\u00e8rriais", "text": "J\u00e8rriais is a language that is spoken in Jersey. Some people call it Jersey French. Just over 2000 people speak it. It is a Norman language. 3% of the people in Jersey speak it, and around 15% can understand it.\nHistory.\nIn the 19th century, almost everyone in Jersey could speak J\u00e8rriais. Then, people stopped learning it, and it nearly became extinct. These days, lots of people are trying to get more people to speak the language. Now, signposts and road signs on Jersey are written in J\u00e8rriais and English."}
+{"id": "69805", "revid": "8225945", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69805", "title": "Auregnais", "text": "Auregnais, Aoeur'gnaeux or Aurignais was the Norman dialect of the island of Alderney. It became extinct in the mid-20th century. People think it became extinct because people did not bother to speak it nor learn it."}
+{"id": "69806", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69806", "title": "Colwyn Bay", "text": "Colwyn Bay (Welsh: Bae Colwyn) is a town, community and seaside resort on the north coast of Wales, in the Conwy County Borough.\nThe 2011 UK census revealed the community had a population of 34,284.\nThe town is dominated by the tourist trade, because of its famous beaches. Colwyn Bay is a Fairtrade Town as certified by the Fairtrade Foundation as part of the Fairtrade Towns scheme.\nThe town had a famous pier which was extremely popular with tourists and visitors. However, Victoria Pier was closed to the public in 2009 after a dispute between Conwy County Borough Council and the pier's owner led to him being declared bankrupt. In January 2017, the lower end of the pier partially collapsed into the sea and Conwy Council announced plans to dismantle and store the pier, with a view of restoring it in the future. The pier was demolished in May 2018. "}
+{"id": "69808", "revid": "9037153", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69808", "title": "Maple syrup urine disease", "text": "Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a genetic medical disorder. It causes a problem with how the human body deals with amino acids. It is also called branched chain ketoaciduria. Maple syrup urine disease affects about 1 in 185,000 infants worldwide.\nThe most noticeable symptom of the disorder is an infant with sweet-smelling urine. Infants with this disease seem healthy at birth. If the disease is not treated, the person will suffer severe brain damage and eventually die. MSUD is much more common in children of Amish and Mennonite descent.\nFrom a very early age, the condition can be recognised by poor feeding, vomiting, lack of energy, seizures, and mental health issues. The urine of infants with this disease has a very sweet odor, much like burned caramel or maple syrup. This is what gives the condition its name."}
+{"id": "69809", "revid": "1222750", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69809", "title": "Anglesey", "text": "Anglesey () is an island and county in Wales. There is a village there called Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch. It is the longest place name in the United Kingdom. The island has a population of 68,900 people. Its largest town is Holyhead.\nCulture and people.\nAround 7 out of 10 people on Anglesey speak Welsh, which is quite high. There are many small villages on the island. Anglesey is the home of Actress Naomi Watts, and founder of the English rock band Mot\u00f6rhead, Ian \"Lemmy\" Kilmister.\nPlaces and sights.\nAnglesey does not have a capital. Instead, it has a County Council Office in the town of Llangefni. It was once famous for its markets. There are lots of good beaches on the island. A ferry between the island and Ireland is located at Holyhead which is the largest town on the island. There is also a small tidal island called Llanddwyn island. On the island there are ruins of a church, a large lighthouse and a Christian cross. Anglesey is quite a flat island but there are several hills near the middle of the island and one larger hill in the west of the island.\nThe oldest suspension bridge carrying a main road joins Anglesey to the rest of Wales. It is called the Menai Bridge and is shares its name with the town on the Anglesey end of the bridge.\nLlanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is a village that is known for it's long name"}
+{"id": "69810", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69810", "title": "Plateosaurus", "text": "Plateosaurus is a prosauropod dinosaur genus. They lived during the Upper Triassic period, around 214 to 294 million years ago in what is now Europe.\nThey were very common in their day. Over 100 skeletons have been found, some of them nearly complete. Many fossils have come from Swabia, Germany.\n\"Plateosaurus\" was the first long-necked plant eater in the Triassic. An adult \"Plateosaurus\" could weigh up to and grow long. They had plump plant-crushing teeth, powerful hind limbs, short but muscular arms and grasping hands with large claws on three fingers. They probably used their sharp thumb claws to defend themselves against predators.\nThe explanation of the large number of skeletons is that the areas were probably mud-traps."}
+{"id": "69811", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69811", "title": "Cotton Mather", "text": "Cotton Mather (February 12, 1663 \u2013 February 13, 1728) was a politically important Puritan minister and writer. He was the son of minister Increase Mather and lived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony of colonial America, in the area that is now Boston, Massachusetts.\nHe is best known for his connection to the Salem witch trials."}
+{"id": "69814", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69814", "title": "Linda McCartney", "text": "Linda Louise McCartney, Lady McCartney (n\u00e9e Eastman; September 24, 1941 \u2013 April 17, 1998) was the first wife of musician Paul McCartney. She was the mother of artists Heather McCartney and Mary McCartney, fashion designer Stella McCartney, and musician James McCartney. Her father was attorney Lee Eastman, whose law partner was his son (Linda's brother) John Eastman. Her mother was Louise Linder, who was an heiress to a department store fortune.\nEarly life.\nLinda grew up in Scarsdale, New York, and attended Sarah Lawrence College. She enjoyed music, and sang girl group songs with friends. When The Beatles became famous in America, she attended one of their concerts. She never considered a musical career.\nLinda married got married to a geologist, John See, and they had a daughter, named Heather. See wanted to move to Africa to work, and take his wife and daughter. Linda did not want to go, and they were divorced. She became a photographer, and took pictures for magazines and the press.\nBefore long, she began to photograph rock bands and singers. She became well known for this. The Rolling Stones once made her the exclusive photographer for one of their public appearances. In time, she visited England, to photograph the pop stars there.\nThe Beatles.\nLinda had been attracted most of all to John Lennon of the Beatles when she first saw them. In person, though, she was charmed more by another Beatle, Paul McCartney, when they met. McCartney was engaged to actress Jane Asher, but she wanted to wait to have children, and McCartney did not. Their engagement ended. McCartney loved to spend time with Linda's daughter Heather, and the three of them seemed to make a family. Linda and Heather moved into McCartney's home during 1968.\nLate, in 1968, Linda became pregnant. She and McCartney were married, and had a baby (named Mary after McCartney's own mother) the next year. During this same time, the Beatles were growing apart. They had business problems, and no longer had the same kinds of plans or hopes. Linda hoped her father and brother, whose clients were mostly entertainment personalities, could help solve the business problems. The fact that they were her family (and now McCartney's, by marriage) did not put the other Beatles at ease. They chose Allen Klein to represent them instead. Klein and the Eastmans did not get along, and this caused further problems. The Beatles began to break up late in 1969.\nBesides the band's problems, Paul McCartney and John Lennon had grown apart personally. Lennon divorced his first wife Cynthia in 1968, and started a relationship with Japanese artist Yoko Ono. They were also married in 1969. Lennon and Ono spent as much time as possible together, and McCartney often felt out of place. McCartney and Linda also spent a lot of time together, but separated to work on their own projects. Linda and Yoko did not get along well, but each supported their men, and encouraged them to believe in themselves. Later, some fans blamed one or both women for breaking up the Beatles, but their role was not crucial to that. It was one of many factors that drove the band apart.\nAfter the Beatles.\nPaul McCartney suffered from depression for a time, when the Beatles ended. It had been his longtime band, made up of good friends, and he had lost both. He turned to his family for comfort. Linda and their children were always there. McCartney and Lennon argued in the media, and Linda also took verbal jabs at Lennon and Yoko Ono. Surprisingly, when they met in person, everyone usually acted in a completely different way, and were kind to each other.\nLinda began to sing with her husband, and to help him to write new songs. He wanted her to do this, and liked her input. He also wanted to perform again for small audiences, as the Beatles had done in their early days. He taught Linda to play piano, so she could share in the experience. Linda did not become a virtuoso musician or singer, but she added to the sound of McCartney's new band, which he called Wings. The couple enjoyed performing together, as part of a band.\nAdding other musicians, Wings began to play small shows, sometimes turning up at a school or club in the morning and asking to play, for no charge. As they played more, they began to give regular concerts, and to go on tours. The McCartneys would bring their children along during their school vacations. The McCartney children did not realise their parents were celebrities, and the family atmosphere between all of them was strong.\nAlthough now a musician, Linda continued her photography, and published books of her works. She and McCartney also became vegetarians, out of their love of animals. Linda became an advocate for animal rights and related causes. She learned and made recipes for vegetarian meals, and began to write cookbooks.\nAfter Wings ended, Linda still recorded and performed with her husband, but she was now recognized as an activist for social causes, and for charity work. She launched a line of vegetarian frozen dinners. They became popular, and in time made Linda wealthy on her own. Paul McCartney was knighted in 1997, and Linda was named Lady McCartney.\nIn 1995, she was diagnosed with breast cancer, which McCartney's mother died of in 1956. Medicine had advanced since that time, but Linda died of breast cancer in 1998, at the Arizona ranch she owned with her husband. A memorial service was held in London, England, and former Beatles George Harrison and Ringo Starr attended, marking the last time they and Paul McCartney appeared and performed together in public."}
+{"id": "69817", "revid": "4303", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69817", "title": "Linda Eastman", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69824", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69824", "title": "Fethiye", "text": "Fethiye is a city and district in the Mugla Province in Turkey. It is on the \"Turquoise Coast\". 59,425 people live there. There is a big harbor in the town and a marina. There are no beaches in Fethiye town, but there are many nice beaches around Oludeniz, a nearby town. There is a number of different places to stay including hotels.\nThe ancient name for the town was Telmessos. There are a number of historic sites including rock tombs. These were dug into cliffs by the Lycians. The tomb of Amnytas was built in the 4th century BC. Next to the harbor is a castle built by the Knights of Rhodes. In nearby villages there are also many historic sites including a temple to Apollo at Letoon, which is a World Heritage Site."}
+{"id": "69825", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69825", "title": "N-Dubz", "text": "N-Dubz are a British hip hop and R&B group based in Camden Town, London. They released four albums, including a greatest hits album. They were signed to All Around the World records. They were featured on Tinchy Stryder's number one single, \"Number 1\".\nEarly years.\nAll of the members of N-Dubz attended school at St Johns Wood Secondary and Haverstock Secondary School in Camden Town. They came together as a group managed by Costadinos \"Dino\" Contostavlos's father, Byron Contostavlos (formerly of Mungo Jerry), who died on 12 April 2007. They described him as the \"inspiration behind the band\". The band is made up of Dino, known as Dappy and Tula, known as Tulisa, who are cousins and their best friend Richard, known better as Fazer. Each appeared on Channel 4's Dubplate Drama after they began to be noticed as a group. Performing as the Lickle Rinsers Crew, they released the singles \"Bad Man Riddim\" and \"Life Is Getting Sicker by the Day\". Both became hits on English pirate radio stations. Their last independent release, \"Better Not Waste My Time\", was number one on Channel U for 5 weeks before dropping out and then rising again. They have received 3 MOBO awards, for Best Newcomer, Best Act, and Best Album. They won the Digital Award at 02 Silver Clef Awards in 2008.\nMembers.\nTulisa.\nTulisa is the singer and mostly sings the choruses and second verses as well as ad-libbing, saying 'uh-oh, uh-oh' at the beginning of many N-Dubz tracks. She also sometimes sings the first verse on the group's songs. Her real name is Tula Paulina Contostavlos.\nFazer.\nFazer is the co-producer and writer of the group. He raps as well but his main role is to produce in-studio beats and produce the tracks. His real name is Rayan Rawson and he is of Jamaican and English heritage. He has a daughter.\nDappy.\nDappy is of Greek ancestry and is most famous for what has been dubbed the \"Dappy Hat\", he is the lead rapper. His real name is Costadinos Contostavlos. He always opens his songs with the words \"Na na naii\". He has two sons."}
+{"id": "69831", "revid": "7365", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69831", "title": "Ndubz", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69832", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69832", "title": "Subclass", "text": "Subclass could mean:"}
+{"id": "69833", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69833", "title": "Governor-General", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69836", "revid": "9890", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69836", "title": "List of Tour de France Winners", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69844", "revid": "10249215", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69844", "title": "66", "text": "66 is a common year in the 1st century."}
+{"id": "69845", "revid": "10249217", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69845", "title": "70", "text": "70 is a year in the 1st century."}
+{"id": "69846", "revid": "10249386", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69846", "title": "674", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69847", "revid": "10536", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69847", "title": "Maya Arulpragasam", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69848", "revid": "10536", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69848", "title": "Kala", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69862", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69862", "title": "Pachycephalosaurus", "text": "Pachycephalosaurus was a genus of dinosaur which lived during the last five million years of the Upper Cretaceous. It lived in what is now North America. \nThis member of the Pachycephalosaurid family is known from a single skull and a few thick skull roofs. From this it is estimated that its length was about 4.5 to 5 metres long (about 15 feet). \n\"Pachycephalosaurus\" was a herbivore. It lived on a mixed diet of leaves, seeds, and fruit. The sharp, serrated teeth would have been very effective for shredding plants."}
+{"id": "69872", "revid": "10218231", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69872", "title": "Utopia", "text": "Utopia is a name for an imaginary community or society with a perfect system of laws and politics. \nSir Thomas More invented the word for his 1516 book \"Utopia\". The book was about a fictional island in the southern Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Brazil. The word has been used to describe both a perfect society, and societies in literature. A related idea is dystopia, the opposite of a dystopia.\nThere have been many utopias based on politics, economics, religion, ecology. Some of these have been propagated in books and pamphlets, some as actual communities. In practice, attempts to create utopias seem doomed, as good intentions run against problems. Most of the literary utopias are actually satires of existing societies. There were several attempts to create such perfect societies (they did not work). The word utopia can also refer to a society of such an attempt.\n\"Utopia\" is Greek for \"no place\"; related words include \"eutopia\", meaning \"good place\" in Greek, paradise, Shangra La and Xanadu.\nReligious utopias.\nThe ideas Christians, Jews and Muslims have of the Garden of Eden, and of Heaven can be seen as such utopias."}
+{"id": "69877", "revid": "1682255", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69877", "title": "Jeff Hardy", "text": "Jeffrey Nero Hardy (born August 31, 1977) is an American professional wrestler, painter and musician. He is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is one-half of the TNA World Tag Team Champions in his fourth reign. He is also known for his time with the World Wrestling Federation/WWE and All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is a six-time world champion, the ninth Grand Slam champion in WWE and a 24-time tag team champion with his older brother Matt Hardy.\nCareer.\nHardy says that Sting, The Ultimate Warrior, and Shawn Michaels were the reasons why he wanted to get into wrestling as a child. Jeff was on WWE (then known as the World Wrestling Federation, WWF) television as early as age 16. His first WWF match was against The 1-2-3 Kid and came on May 25, 1994 in Erie, Pennsylvania. Early on, Jeff, along with his brother Matt and friends, started their own wrestling organization, the TWF (Trampoline Wrestling Federation). In it they would perform many of the moves they saw on TV. The federation eventually became a part of a county fair in North Carolina, U.S.. Jeff, Matt, and friends then began to work for other independent wrestling companies. They drove all over the East Coast of the United States, working for many small companies.\nWorld Wrestling Federation/WWE.\nThe Hardy Boyz (1998-2002).\nThe Hardy brothers eventually caught the eyes of the World Wrestling Federation. Jeff was only 16 at the time. After being signed to a contract in 1998, they were trained by Dory Funk, Jr. in his Funkin' Dojo. They were trained with other notable wrestlers such as Kurt Angle, Christian, Test, and Matt Bloom. When the team was finally brought up to WWF TV, they formed the tag team called The Hardy Boyz. During this time, they were managed by Michael Hayes. In 1999, they fought mainly with Edge and Christian.\nThe team of Matt and Jeff won the WWF/E Tag Team Championship six times. Because of this, they would be known as one of the most successful tag teams in WWF/E history. In 2000, Matt and Jeff found a new manager in their real-life friend Lita. Together, the three became known as \"Team Extreme\".\nJeff was well known for his high risk stunts in many of the Hardy Boys' matches. He made a name for himself because of the risks he took during this time. In 2001, Jeff would also hold the WWF Intercontinental, Light Heavyweight and Hardcore Championships.\nSingles competition (2002-2003).\nAfter years in the tag team division, Jeff fought The Undertaker in a Ladder match for the Championship. Jeff did not win, but earned the Undertaker's respect. He competed for singles titles several times, but did not win.\nJeff was released from WWE on April 22, 2003. The reasons given for the release were Jeff's strange behavior, drug use, and not showing up for matches. Hardy also said \"burn out\" and the need for time off were reasons for leaving WWE.\nTotal Nonstop Action Wrestling (2004-2006).\nHe started wrestling in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling on June 23, 2004 at the TNA pay-per-view, the \"Second Anniversary Show\". He was in a match against A.J. Styles for the X - Division title. The match ended in a no-contest when Kid Kash and Dallas interfered. Hardy returned to TNA on July 21 and was given a chance to fight for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Hardy challenged for the title on September 8 but lost to NWA World Heavyweight Champion Jeff Jarrett.\nReturn to WWE (2006-2009).\nOn August 4 2006, WWE announced that Hardy was working with the company again. He returned on the August 21 episode of \"RAW\". On the day of his return, Hardy defeated Edge by disqualification when Lita pulled Edge out of the ring. After failing to win the Intercontinental Championship from Johnny Nitro over the next few weeks, Hardy finally defeated Nitro to win his second Intercontinental Championship on the October 2 edition of \"RAW\". On the November 6 episode of \"RAW\", Hardy lost the Intercontinental Championship back to Nitro, but won it again on the November 13 edition of \"RAW\". This started Hardy's third reign as Intercontinental Champion.\nOn the November 21 episode of \"ECW\" Jeff teamed with his brother Matt for the first time in almost five years to defeat the Full Blooded Italians.\nStill feuding with Nitro in 2007, he was challenged once again at New Year's Revolution 2007 for the Intercontinental Championship. Hardy once again defeated Nitro. He later lost the title to Umaga. On the September 3 edition of \"RAW\", Jeff successfully captured his 4th WWE Intercontinental Championship by defeating Umaga for the title. At Armageddon 2007, Hardy beat Triple H to get a WWE Championship match at the Royal Rumble. This match was seen to many as the most important match of Hardy's career, as his win against Triple H moved Hardy into the top level of the roster and the race for the WWE Championship. However, he lost to Randy Orton at the Royal Rumble. At No Way Out on February 17, Jeff Hardy came second in the Elimination Chamber match, being beaten by Triple H. He was going to WrestleMania XXIV to fight in the Money in the Bank ladder match. Jeff lost the Intercontinental Championship to Chris Jericho on the March 10 edition of \"RAW\". The next day, it was confirmed that he had been put on 60-day suspension, as he failed his second drug test. This meant that he did not compete at WrestleMania.\nHardy returned in the May 12, 2008 edition of \"RAW\", when General Manager William Regal told him he was to pay for his \"sins\" by fighting Umaga. He won with a \"Whisper in the Wind\"\".\" On December 14, 2008 at Armageddon, he won the WWE Championship, his first world championship. During the next month, he had several accidents, including a car accident and a pyrotechnics accident. Hardy's brother, Matt was revealed as the person behind the accidents, and interfered in his match at the Royal Rumble, causing Hardy to lose the WWE Championship to Edge. Matt defeated Hardy in an Extreme Rules match at WrestleMania XXV, but Hardy defeated Matt in an \"I Quit\" match at Backlash. At WWE Extreme Rules, Hardy defeated Edge in a ladder match to win the World Heavyweight Championship, but lost the championship immediately afterwards to CM Punk, who cashed in his Money in the Bank briefcase. He then was in a two-month feud with CM Punk. Ultimately, he lost when he entered a Loser Leaves Town Match in a steel cage.\nReturn to TNA (2010\u20132017).\nHardy returned to TNA on January 4, 2010. On March 8, he saved Hulk Hogan and D'Angelo Dinero. He returned when he defeated the TNA World Heavyweight Champion AJ Styles in a non-title match. On April 4th, he was revealed as part of Hulk Hogan's team for Lockdown. At the event Team Hogan (Hardy, Abyss, Jeff Jarrett and Rob Van Dam) defeated Team Flair (Sting, Desmond Wolfe, Robert Roode and James Storm). On October 10, 2010, Hardy won the vacant TNA World Heavyweight Championship at Bound For Glory and became part of Hogan and Eric Bischoff's stable Immortal. This started Hardy's first long run as a heel. He held the title for 91 days, losing it to Mr. Anderson on January 9, 2011, before winning it back in a ladder match at Against All Odds on February 13, 2011. On February 24, he lost the title to Sting.\nAt No Surrender on September 9, 2012, he won the Bound for Glory Series for a right to a title match at Bound for Glory. There he defeated Austin Aries on October 14, 2012 and won the title for the third time. At Lockdown on March 10, 2013, he lost the title to Bully Ray. \nOn March 9, 2014 at Lockdown, Hardy made his return under the ring name Willow. On July 24, Kurt Angle announced the return of Jeff Hardy with his old ring name. After his brother Matt returned to TNA, they formed a tag team again. On the April 17, 2015 edition of Impact, taped on March 14, The Hardys won an Ultimate X match for the vacant TNA World Tag Team Championship against Austin Aries and Bobby Roode, Bram and Ethan Carter III, and the Beatdown Clan (Kenny King and Low Ki). On May 8, 2015, the Hardys had to give up the TNA World Tag Team Championship because Jeff was injured and it was impossible for the Hardys to defend the titles. After his brother became a heel in 2016, they started a feud with each other. The feud ended on July 5, 2016, when Jeff lost to his brother, forcing Jeff to remove the Hardy name. For a while he performed under the ring name Brother Nero and had to serve as an assistant to Matt Hardy. The brothers then feuded against Decay (Abyss and Crazzy Steve) for the TNA World Tag Team Championship. At Bound for Glory, the Hardys defeated Decay in what was called \"The Great War\" to win the TNA World Tag Team Championship for a second time. On February 27, the Hardys announced they would leave TNA and the TNA World Tag Team Championships were vacated.\nSecond return to WWE (2017\u20132021).\nOn April 2, 2017, Jeff and his brother Matt made their surprise return to the WWE at WrestleMania 33. In a Fatal Four Way Tag Team Ladder Match against reigning champions Karl Anderson & Luke Gallows, The Bar (Cesaro & Sheamus) and Big Cass & Enzo Amore, the Hardy Boyz won the Raw Tag Team Championship. They lost the titles to The Bar at Extreme Rules on June 4, 2017 after a 63-day reign. On April 16, 2018, Hardy won the WWE United States Championship from Jinder Mahal on Raw. As part of the 2018 Superstar Shake-Up, Hardy and his championship moved from Raw to SmackDown. After 90 days, Hardy lost his United States title to Shinsuke Nakamura on July 15, 2018. On April 9, 2019, Hardy and his brother Matt won their ninth championship together in WWE: They beat The Usos for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship on the first edition of SmackDown after the major event WrestleMania 35. However, their reign ended after just 21 days as they gave up the titles because of an injury to Jeff. \nOn March 13, 2020, almost after a year of his injury, Hardy made his comeback to SmackDown. On August 21, 2020, he won his fifth Intercontinental Championship. For this he defeated AJ Styles. The reign lasted 37 days and Hardy lost the title to Sami Zayn on September 27, 2020. On October 12, 2020, he moved to Raw in the WWE draft. On September 20, 2021, he won a match against Sheamus. This got him a chance at the United States Championship. On September 26, 2021, he fought in a triple threat match for the title at Extreme Rules, but reigning champion Damian Priest won the match. On October 1, 2021, he was drafted back to SmackDown in the WWE Draft. He was released by WWE on December 9, 2021. \nAll Elite Wrestling (2022\u20132024).\nJeff Hardy debuted for AEW on the March 9, 2022 edition of Dynamite in Fort Myers, Florida. He saved his brother Matt from an attack by Andrade El Idolo, Private Party (Isiah Kassidy and Marq Quen), and The Butcher and The Blade. On June 14, AEW suspended Hardy after being arrested for driving under the influence the day before. He returned on April 12, 2023, saving his brother, Isiah Kassidy, and Hook from an attack by Lee Moriarty, Ethan Page, and Big Bill. On the February 14, 2024 episode of \"Rampage\", Hardy was defeated by Sammy Guevara in a no disqualification match. This was Hardy's last AEW match, and his contract expired on June 14.\nSecond return to TNA (2024\u2013present).\nAt Against All Odds on June 14, 2024, Hardy made his return to TNA. At Bound for Glory on October 26, The Hardys defeated The System (Brian Myers and Eddie Edwards) and ABC (Ace Austin and Chris Bey) in a three-way Full Metal Mayhem match to win their third TNA World Tag Team Championship."}
+{"id": "69880", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69880", "title": "Durban", "text": "Durban (Zulu: \"eThekwini\"; IPA: ) has the third largest population of a city in South Africa. It is in the province KwaZulu-Natal.\nHistory.\nIt is thought that the first known inhabitants of the Durban area arrived from the north around 100,000 BC, according to carbon dating of rock art found in caves in the Drakensberg. These people lived in the central plains of KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu people from the north during the last millennium.\nSister cities.\nDurban's sister cities are:"}
+{"id": "69884", "revid": "8774997", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69884", "title": "Bantu peoples", "text": "Bantu is a general term for over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, that have a common language family (the Bantu languages) and in many cases common customs."}
+{"id": "69889", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69889", "title": "James VII of Scotland", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69893", "revid": "36199", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69893", "title": "Knight Bachelor", "text": "In the United Kingdom, a Knight Bachelor is a man who is a knight, (has the title \"Sir\") but who is neither a:\nIn the 1920s, the Society of Knights Bachelor were allowed to wear a special badge on the days when other knights would wear their insignia.\nThe title is not hereditary, so it cannot be passed on to the knight's children, but a baronet's title can be inherited.\nMen who get some jobs, such as senior judges, are made Knights Bachelor. Women cannot be knights bachelor, so if they get one of those jobs, they are made Dames of the Order of the British Empire (DBE)\nKnights Bachelor have no post-nominal letters (letters after their name to show they are a knight), unlike knights of the orders of knighthood, who use letters like KBE, or GBE etc., or baronets who put Bt or Bart after their name.\nThe title \"Sir\" is always followed by the given name, so, Paul McCartney would be \"Sir Paul McCartney\" or \"Sir Paul\". They would never be Sir last name, so not \"Sir McCartney\". The same applies for women with the title \"Dame\" (\"dame\" is pronounced to rhyme with \"same\")."}
+{"id": "69896", "revid": "10206016", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69896", "title": "Digital", "text": "A digital system is a something that represents information by using digits. Each digit represents a small amount of information because each digit comes from a small set of choices. A digit can be decimal (one of the ten choices from \"0\" through \"9\"), as in the display of a digital clock. A digit can be binary (either \"0\" or \"1\"). A binary digit is called a \"bit\". Digital computers and digital communication like the internet usually use binary. The meaning of each \"bit\" depends on the place where it is used. For example, a \"bit\" can represent 'Yes' or 'No', or it can represent 'True' or 'False'. A large amount of information, like a picture, can be represented by using a list of many \"bits\". \nA digital system is different than an analogue (US- analog) system, which represents information in a continuous way. \nThe word \"digital\" is most commonly used in computing and electronics.\nBlu-ray On Digital Copy And Digital HD"}
+{"id": "69897", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69897", "title": "Hans Christian \u00d8rsted", "text": "Hans Christian Oersted (14 August 1777 \u2013 9 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist. He is best known for discovering a relationship between electricity and magnetism, a field now known as electromagnetism.\"Oersted\" discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him. He also discovered that aluminium was an element.\n\"Oersted\" was also a writer and poet. His poetry series \"Luftskibet\" (\"Airship\") was inspired by the balloon flights of his physicist friend, \u00c9tienne-Gaspard Robert."}
+{"id": "69898", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69898", "title": "Hans Oersted", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69899", "revid": "115351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69899", "title": "Ammeter", "text": "An ammeter is a measuring tool used to measure the flow of electric current in a circuit. The electric current is measured in amperes; for this reason, some people call the ammeters as \"ampmeters\", by mistake. It can measure 'resistance' of a current, speed of a current and force of a current (the units used are ohms, amperes, and volts) Ammeters are connected in series in a circuit with two connections."}
+{"id": "69900", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69900", "title": "Ampermeter", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69901", "revid": "5370704", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69901", "title": "Voltage divider", "text": "In electronics, a voltage divider is an electrical circuit which creates an output voltage which is proportional to an input voltage. Voltage dividers are also known as resistor divider and potential divider. It can be made of two resistors or it can be one potentiometer (variable resistor). The output voltage is depends on component values, or on the setting of the potentiometer. When an electrical load gets power from the divider's center point, the voltage may change."}
+{"id": "69903", "revid": "744335", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69903", "title": "English Heritage", "text": "English Heritage is an organisation of the United Kingdom government (Department for Culture, Media and Sport). It manages many monuments of the historic environment of England. It was set up under the terms of the National Heritage Act 1983. Before the Department of the Environment had had these functions. \nEnglish Heritage takes care of many important historical and archaeological sites, from Stonehenge to the world's first iron bridge. But it has responsibilities in conservation, giving advice, registering and protecting the historic environment as well. It also maintains a public archive, the National Monuments Record (NMR)."}
+{"id": "69904", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69904", "title": "Filioque clause", "text": "The Filioque clause is a part of the Nicene Creed that not all Christians accept. In the context of the Nicene Creed, \"filioque\" is Latin for \"and from the Son\".\nThe main parties involved are the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church rejects the change, but the Catholic Church and most Protestant churches accept it, including and the Anglican Church.\nThe Latin text is given below, and the change is in bold and was added to the Catholic version:\nThis is usually translated into English as:\nMany Eastern Catholic churches have the same version as the Eastern Orthodox Churches, but they believe what the added words say."}
+{"id": "69905", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69905", "title": "Krokus", "text": "Krokus is a hard rock band from Switzerland."}
+{"id": "69906", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69906", "title": "Historic Scotland", "text": "Historic Scotland was an agency of the Scottish Executive responsible for historic monuments in Scotland. It was closed in 2015 and its job was given to Historic Environment Scotland.\nIts website stated: \nIt has direct responsibility for maintaining and running over 200 monuments.\nAs an arm of government, Historic Scotland had similar functions to its counterparts in other parts of the United Kingdom:"}
+{"id": "69907", "revid": "9901540", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69907", "title": "Loudness (band)", "text": "Loudness is a heavy metal band from Japan. The band was founded in 1981 by singer Akira Takasaki and drummer Munetaka Higuchi. Loudness was the first Japanese heavy metal band to be signed to a recording contract in the United States."}
+{"id": "69908", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69908", "title": "Gulf of Oman", "text": "The Makran Sea also called the Makuran/Makoran/Macren/Makoran Sea is an arm of the Aryan Sea that borders Iran and south-western Pakistan to the north and Oman and the United Arab Emirates to the south. The Sea of Makran also was called The Sea of Makrania on old italian maps."}
+{"id": "69909", "revid": "1550958", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69909", "title": "Gulag", "text": "The Gulag was a vast network of \"slave labor\" camps run by the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s. Ever since the Soviet Union was founded in 1917, it imprisoned people who spoke out against it or were otherwise dangerous. Imperial Russia in previous decades had a similar system of prison camps. But the Soviet Union camp system grew to be one of the largest prison systems in existence. The Soviet camp-system was set up under Vladimir Lenin.\nIt reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s. \nThe Gulag was run at first by the GPU (State Political Directorate), later by the NKVD and in the last years by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD). The internment system grew rapidly, reaching a population of 100,000 in the 1920s. According to Nicolas Werth, the yearly mortality rate in the Soviet concentration camps varied, reaching 5% (1933) and 20% (1942\u20131943) and dropped in the post-war years to about 1 to 3% per year at the beginning of the 1950s.\nSoviet leaders believed it was right to put these people to work and make their labor and goods part of the national economy. In fact, two out of every hundred workers in the Soviet Union were gulag prisoners. By 1936, there were 5,000,000 prisoners in the gulags.\nLocation.\nEven though the Gulag is often associated with Siberia, labor camps were built across the Soviet Union. Siberian camps greatly simplified the problem of keeping prisoners from running away, though it was harder to feed these camps and move goods in and out because the camps were so far away.\nDecline and legacy.\nThe Gulag system declined during the 1950s after the death of Joseph Stalin, and many people were released starting in 1954. The Gulag program was ended with a government decree in 1960.\nAccording to the Gulag administration, 10 million people were sent to the gulags between 1934 and 1947. However, Western scholars estimate that between 1918 and 1956, 15 to 30 million died in the gulags. \nFormer prisoner and Nobel Prize-winning author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote two books about the Gulag: \"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich \" and \"The Gulag Archipelago\".\nWhen Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union, he began a \"De-Stalinization\" process. He made a secret speech, in which he denounced Stalin as having committed many murders of innocent people in Gulags and elsewhere, including Katyn massacre and slaughter of Poles in Ukraine & Belarus in 1937 and 1938. "}
+{"id": "69910", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69910", "title": "Multimeter", "text": "A multimeter or a multitester is an electronic measuring tool that is a combination of several tools in one unit. It usually includes an ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter. Digital multimeters are sometimes called DMM too.\nModern multimeters can be used to measure electrical quantities other than current, resistance and voltage. For example, they can be used to measure frequency, capacitance, transistors Hfe and temperature.\nThe multimeter can make many tests, so it is often called \"multitester\". When measuring resistance it acts as an ohmmeter, showing ohms. For volts it would be a Voltmeter. Sometimes it is called a mixture of things like Volt/ohm meter or VOM. Most meters can measure volts, amps, and resistance.\nHow it can be measured.\nThe multimeter can be used to measure the voltage of a battery. It can also be used for measuring the voltage across two points in a circuit. The Voltmeter is placed in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the battery. It can also be used to measure resistance and amps hence the name of some meters \"Voltmeter, Ohmmeter, and Amperage\"."}
+{"id": "69911", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69911", "title": "Multitester", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69914", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69914", "title": "DMM", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69919", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69919", "title": "Divine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69921", "revid": "1687111", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69921", "title": "Hyattsville, Maryland", "text": "Hyattsville is a town in Maryland in the USA. It is about 2 miles from Washington, DC."}
+{"id": "69928", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69928", "title": "Licensee", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69929", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69929", "title": "Invitee", "text": "In tort law, an invitee is a member of the public who has been invited to do business with the owner of a property. For example, if someone owns a store and invites someone else to come into the store to buy something, the person who is invited is an \"invitee\".\nIn some places (or jurisdictions), tort law asks whether a person is an invitee when it decides what duty the owner of land has to keep that person safe from harm."}
+{"id": "69930", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69930", "title": "Luciano Pavarotti", "text": "Luciano Pavarotti (October 12, 1935 \u2013 September 6, 2007) was an Italian tenor and one of the most popular contemporary vocal performers in the world. He not only sang in opera but also in other kinds of music. Known for his televised concerts, media appearances, and as one of the \"Three Tenors\" (the other two were Pl\u00e1cido Domingo and Jos\u00e9 Carreras). Pavarotti became enormously popular after a performance of the aria \"Nessun Dorma\" from Puccini\u2019s opera \" Turandot \" for the opening ceremony of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. \nPavarotti was also well known for his award-winning charity work for raising money on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross.\nEarly life.\nLuciano Pavarotti was born in Modena in north-central Italy. His father was a baker who also liked to sing, his mother worked in a cigar factory. The family did not have much money. During World War II they lived in the countryside on a farm. \nPavarotti started to listen to his father\u2019s recordings of famous tenors of the day such as Beniamino Gigli, Giovanni Martinelli, Tito Schipa and Enrico Caruso. At around the age of nine he began singing with his father in a small local church choir. He was a normal boy who liked playing football and even thought of being a professional soccer goalkeeper, but his mother said he should be a teacher. His father said he would continue to support him, but once he was 30 years old he would have to earn money to support himself.\nPavarotti began singing lessons seriously in 1954 at the age of 19. He met a singer called Adua Veroni. He married her in 1961. Pavarotti had to earn money, so he became a teacher, and then an insurance salesman. For several years he just gave a few recitals without being paid for them. Then he had problems with his throat and stopped singing for a short time, and, surprisingly, this helped his voice to become really good.\nCareer.\nPavarotti made his opera d\u00e9but in the role of Rodolfo in \"La boh\u00e8me\" by Puccini on April 29, 1961 in the town of Reggio Emilia. Soon he was singing in: the Vienna State Opera. He sang in the United States with Joan Sutherland. In 1965 he sang at La Scala, probably the most famous of all opera houses. He was singing in the famous Franco Zeffirelli production of \"La Boh\u00e8me\", with Mirella Freni singing Mimi and Herbert von Karajan conducting. . His first appearance as Tonio in Donizetti's \"La fille du r\u00e9giment\" took place at Covent Garden on June 2 of that year. It was his performances of this role that made people call him the \"King of the High Cs\" (The note C above Middle C is a very high note for a tenor to sing). \nPavarotti learned many more operatic roles and sang all over the world. In 1972, he sang in a production of \"La fille du r\u00e9giment\" by Donizetti at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The audience were amazed when he sang nine high Cs. They applauded so much that he had 17 curtain calls. He sang the role of Rodolfo in (\"La boh\u00e8me\") in the first \"Live From The Met\" telecast in March 1977, which attracted one of the largest audiences ever for a televised opera. He won many Grammy awards and platinum and gold discs for his performances. \nIn 1976 Pavarotti sang at the Salzburg Festival appearing in a solo recital. He returned to the festival in 1978 with a recital and as the Italian singer in \"Der Rosenkavalier\", in 1983 with \"Idomeneo\", and both in 1985 and 1988 with solo recitals.\nIn 1977 there was a cover story in Time Magazine about him . That same year saw Pavarotti's return to the Vienna State Opera where he had not been for 14 years. With Herbert von Karajan conducting Pavarotti sang Manrico in \"Il trovatore\". In 1978, he appeared in a solo recital on \"Live from Lincoln Center\".\nHe made his international recital d\u00e9but at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri in 1973 as part of the college\u2019s Fine Arts Program, now known as the Harriman-Jewell Series. Perspiring due to nerves and a cold, he kept a handkerchief in his hand all the way through the concert. The handkerchief was often associated with him after that during his solo performances.\n1980s\u20131990s.\nAt the beginning of the 1980s, he set up \"The Pavarotti International Voice Competition\" for young singers, performing with the winners in 1982 in excerpts of \"La boh\u00e8me\" and \"L'elisir d'amore\". The competition gave young people a chance to start their singing careers. It was repeated in 1982. They even travelled to China.\nIn 1992 Pavarotti sang in La Scala in a new Zeffirelli production of \"Don Carlo\" conducted by Riccardo Muti. Pavarotti's performance was heavily criticised by some observers and booed by some of the audience. The singer never returned to La Scala again after that.\nPavarotti became even more well-known throughout the world in 1990 when his sang Giacomo Puccini's aria, \"Nessun Dorma\" from \"Turandot\" which was used as the theme song for the BBC TV coverage of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The aria made him a kind of pop star and it remained his trademark song. This was followed by the hugely successful Three Tenors concert held on the eve of the World Cup final at the ancient Baths of Caracalla in Rome with fellow tenors Pl\u00e1cido Domingo and Jos\u00e9 Carreras and conductor Zubin Mehta, which became the biggest selling classical record of all time. The high point of the concert happened when Pavarotti sang a famous part of di Capua's \"'O Sole Mio\". Domingo and Carreras copied him and the audience enjoyed it very much. This was one of the most remembered moments in opera of our time. Throughout the 1990s, Pavarotti appeared in many big outdoor concerts, including his televised concert in London's Hyde Park which drew a record audience of 150,000. In June 1993, more than 500,000 listeners gathered for his performance on the Great Lawn of New York's Central Park, while millions more around the world watched on television. The following September, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, he sang for a crowd of about 300,000. Following on from the original 1990 concert, Three Tenors concerts were held during the Football World Cups; in Los Angeles in 1994, in Paris in 1998, and in Yokohama in 2002. \nPavarotti's rise to stardom was not without occasional difficulties, however. He got a reputation as \"The King of Cancellations\" because he often cancelled performances, and this made him unpopular with some opera houses.\nIn 1998, Pavarotti was given a very special award: the Grammy Legend Award.\n2000s.\nIn 2002, Pavarotti split with the Herbert Breslin, the man who had been his manager for 36 years. On 13 December 2003 he married his former personal assistant, Nicoletta Mantovani, with whom he already had a daughter. A second child did not survive, due to complications at the time of birth. He started his farewell tour in 2004, at the age of 69, performing one last time in old and new locations, after over 40 years on the stage.\nPavarotti gave his last performance in an opera at the New York Metropolitan Opera on March 13, 2004 for which he received a 12-minute standing ovation for his role as the painter Mario Cavaradossi in Giacomo Puccini's \"Tosca\".\nDeath.\nIn March 2005, Pavarotti had an operation to his neck. His health began to suffer. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in July 2006. He later died of the disease on 6 September 2007 at his home in Modena."}
+{"id": "69932", "revid": "1142256", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69932", "title": "Negligence", "text": "In law, negligence is a kind of legal claim that people and organizations can bring if they are hurt. It is a kind of tort. The law calls someone negligent if he hurts someone else, or someone else's property, because he was not careful enough. In a legal case about negligence, the person who brings the lawsuit is called the plaintiff and the person who is being sued is called the defendant.\nNegligence case.\nThe law about negligence is different in many places (or jurisdictions), but for the plaintiff to win, he or she usually has to prove at least four things:\nDuty.\nThe defendant's \"duty\" is what the law says that he or she has to do. Usually, the law says that people have to be \"reasonable\". That means they have to be careful, use good judgment, and not be unfair to other people. In some cases, the law tells people that they have special duties. In other cases, the law says that people have no duties at all. For example, in most places that use the common law, a person has no legal duty to rescue another person from harm, even if the rescue is very easy and does not cost anything or put anyone else in danger.\nBreach.\nWhen people do not follow their duty, the law says that they \"breach\" their duty.\nHarm.\nA plaintiff can usually bring a lawsuit only if he or she has been hurt, or has some other legal harm. The law tells people what kinds of injuries people can sue about.\nCause.\nA plaintiff can usually sue a defendant only if that defendant was the one who hurt the plaintiff. In many cases, it is easy to figure out who hurt someone. But sometimes people get hurt in ways that nobody expects. For example, a defendant might be driving while drunk, and he might hit an electric pole. The electric pole could fall down and cause a neighborhood to lose electric power. As a result, a person two miles away might trip and fall in the dark. The law will decide whether the drunk driver \"caused\" the person to trip and fall.\nOutside the law.\nThe word \"negligence\" is sometimes used outside the law in a similar way. It means that someone has not been careful enough."}
+{"id": "69933", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69933", "title": "Pavarotti", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69934", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69934", "title": "Cytokinesis", "text": "\"Cytokinesis\" is the division of cells after either mitosis or meiosis I and II.\nDuring cytokinesis, the \"cytoplasm\" (the liquid center of the cell that holds the \"organelles\" into place) splits into two equal halves, and the cell becomes two daughter cells. This occurs right after the beginning of anaphase (in mitosis and in meiosis I and II).\nCell division continues during telophase (in mitosis and in meiosis I and II) until the cell has completely divided. mitosis and meiosis II starts again after cytokinesis. A new and complete nucleus has been formed in each of the two cells.\nCytokinesis in plants.\nIn plants cytokinesis is slightly different. As plant cells cannot move apart because of their cell wall, a cell plate begins to form during late anaphase and throughout telophase. \nWhen the cytoplasm and organelles are divided evenly between the two new cells, the plate then becomes less flimsy and soon becomes another cell wall separating the daughter cells. Cytokinesis splits the cell wall, unlike animal cells, where it splits the cytoplasm. The cell wall grows later as the two new cells expand. "}
+{"id": "69935", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69935", "title": "Feminine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69936", "revid": "1377197", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69936", "title": "Femininity", "text": "Femininity (also called womanhood or womanliness) is a set of traits, behaviors, and roles associated with females. Femininity is made up of both social and biological factors. This makes it different from the female sex, as women, men, and transgender people can all exhibit feminine traits.\nThe colour pink is associated with femininity in western culture.\nFemininity is also present through certain natural instincts and traits like the widening of the hips in females to support the baby in the womb during pregnancy. Reproduction, development of breasts, and higher-pitched voice are examples of feminine biology in human beings."}
+{"id": "69937", "revid": "1377197", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69937", "title": "Masculinity", "text": "Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. There is evidence that some behaviors considered masculine are influenced by both cultural and biological factors. It is distinct from the definition of the biological male sex, as both males and females can exhibit masculine traits. Standards of masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods.\nThe colour blue is associated with masculinity in western culture."}
+{"id": "69938", "revid": "516238", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69938", "title": "Manhood", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69939", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69939", "title": "Battery (tort)", "text": "Battery is the crime or tort of intentionally touching someone else without permission (literally, the act of \"battering\" somebody). So, to start a fight would be to commit battery. In some states, the crime of battery is referred to as assault, or it may be referred to as \"assault and battery.\""}
+{"id": "69940", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69940", "title": "Assault", "text": "An assault is when a person attacks another. In law, it is considered a crime or tort. In common law, it is when somebody threatens or tries to physically hurt someone else. In order to be considered \"assault\", the act must involve the ability to cause the harm. It does not necessarily have to involve touching the other person; that is called \"battery\". In criminal law, an assault can be an attempted but unsuccessful battery. In some states or legal codes, the words \"assault\" and \"battery\" may mean the same thing.\nThere are several different kinds of assault. Each legal system has their own definitions.\nA stronger form of assault is \"aggravated assault\". This usually involves using a weapon that could easily be used to kill someone."}
+{"id": "69941", "revid": "1522289", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69941", "title": "Megaloblastic anemia", "text": "Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia. It can be caused by a lack of B vitamins, especially vitamin B12 or folic acid (vitamin B9)."}
+{"id": "69942", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69942", "title": "Legal code", "text": "A legal code is a \"written\" system of laws. To \"codify\" the law is to write it down in a systematic manner.\nLegal codes are typically written by legislatures."}
+{"id": "69943", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69943", "title": "Code (disambiguation)", "text": "Code can mean:"}
+{"id": "69944", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69944", "title": "Cipher", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69945", "revid": "6909555", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69945", "title": "\u03a0", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69946", "revid": "1063175", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69946", "title": "Peer", "text": "Peer may refer to:"}
+{"id": "69947", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69947", "title": "Peers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69949", "revid": "11346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69949", "title": "Morava", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69950", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69950", "title": "Pl\u00e1cido Domingo", "text": "Pl\u00e1cido Domingo KBE (born 21 January 1941) is an Spanish operatic tenor and conductor. He is often regarded as one of the leading tenors of his generation. \nLife and career.\nBorn Jos\u00e9 Pl\u00e1cido Domingo Embil in Madrid, Spain, the son of singers who later moved to Mexico, where he made his vocal study. He began his career as a baritone singing in operettas but quickly retrained as a tenor. He made his official operatic debut in Mexico City in 1961, as Alfredo in \"La traviata\". \nHe sang in Tel Aviv from 1962 to 1965 in a wide variety of roles often in Hebrew. He made his American debut at the New York City Opera in 1965, and at the Metropolitan Opera in 1968. This was followed by La Scala in Milan (1969), the Royal Opera House in London (1971), the Paris Op\u00e9ra (1973), and most of the great opera houses of the world. \nAlthough mostly associated with the Italian and French repertoire, he has in recent years sung several Wagner roles, and turned to conducting. He is the General Director of the Washington National Opera and the Los Angeles Opera. \nHe was one of \"The Three Tenors\", alongside Luciano Pavarotti and Jos\u00e9 Carreras, and got 1.5 million dollars each time they sang.\nIn August 2019, Domingo was accused by nine women of sexual harassment.\nIn March 2020, Dominago was diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in Mexico."}
+{"id": "69951", "revid": "3609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69951", "title": "Placido Domingo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69952", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69952", "title": "Jos\u00e9 Carreras", "text": "Josep Carreras i Coll (born 5 December 1946 in Barcelona, Spain), better known as Jos\u00e9 Carreras, is a tenor opera singer.\nHe was born in Sants, which is in neighborhood of Barcelona, Catalonia. His family moved to Argentina when he was very young. He started singing at the age of 6, and his first public performance happened when he was 8 years old.\nMany years later, when he was in Paris, it turned out that he has leukemia. The long-term medications where successful and he survived from the disease. He established Jos\u00e9 Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation in Barcelona on July 14, 1988.\nCarreras has received many awards both because of his musical and humanitarian work."}
+{"id": "69953", "revid": "3609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69953", "title": "Josep Carreras", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69956", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69956", "title": "Leukaemia", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69957", "revid": "1464674", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69957", "title": "Leukemia", "text": "Leukemia or leukaemia is a cancer of white blood cells and bone marrow. When a person has leukemia, the body creates too many white blood cells (\"leukocytes\").\nThere are many kinds of leukemia. Leukemia is part of a bigger group of diseases, the blood cancers (hematological neoplasms). Without treatment, leukemia may lead to death within weeks, months, or years. The life of the person depends upon the type of leukemia.\nIn 2000, about 256,000 children and adults around the world developed some form of leukemia, and 209,000 died from it. About 90% of all leukemias are seen in adults.\nSolide Traitement \u00e0 l'Arginine St\u00e9phane Schmutz M\u00e9decin Oncologue (Aminoth\u00e9rapie)\nFour major types of leukemia.\nLeukemia can be either \"acute\" or \"chronic\". Acute leukemia usually grows quickly. Chronic leukemia grows slowly.\nLeukemia can also affect two different types of white blood cells. These are lymphoid cells and young granulocyte cells (which are called \"myelocytes\").\nFor this reason, all of the different forms of leukemia are divided into four main types:\nCauses and risk factors.\nThe causes of most types of leukemia are not known. In general, all cancers have a breakdown in the normal way cell division is controlled. Most likely, the different kinds of leukemias have different causes. The known causes account for relatively few cases. Most of the causes are outside our control.\nResearchers believe that some things may influence whether a person develops leukemia:\nViruses that are believed to cause leukemia include:\nFanconi anemia is also a risk factor for developing acute myelogenous leukemia.\nTreatment.\nMost cases of leukemia are treated with many drugs, which are usually combined into a chemotherapy program. In some cases, radiation therapies or bone marrow transplants are done.\nLeukemia inhibitory factor.\nLeukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokin. It affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation. When LIF levels drop, the cells differentiate."}
+{"id": "69958", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69958", "title": "AOC (disambiguation)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69961", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69961", "title": "Theologian", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69979", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69979", "title": "Tavern", "text": "A tavern, also known as a saloon or bar, is a place where alcoholic drinks (such as beer, wine, or spirits) are served. While the word \"tavern\" used to be common in England, in the 19th century the word began to be seen as old fashioned. The current term today in England is \"pub\" which comes from \"public house\". However, taverns remain a popular part of fantasy stories and games. The term is still commonly used in the United States."}
+{"id": "69983", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69983", "title": "Gaucho", "text": "Gaucho () or Ga\u00facho () is the term commonly used for people who live in the south regions of Brazil, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul. It can also be used for people from Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, and Chile. They are similar to the North American cowboys, and, like them, gauchos of Argentina have become a symbol of freedom.\nHistory.\nWorking with his horse, a la\u00e7o, \"boleodoros\", and a knife, gauchos rode around the Pampas, killing wild cattle whose he sold secretly. They were usually , and did not become respectable until they fought with San Martin for Argentine freedom. After some time, many gauchos began working for \"hacendados\" and spent their lives helping huge herds of cattle over the Pampas. They liked to choose where they worked and traveled from place to place.\nDescription.\nLike cowboys, gauchos had a traditional outfit: a big hat, a collared shirt (mainly red), and baggy pants called \"bombachas\", which were tucked into leather boots. Colorful pieces of cloth or a wide leather belt decorated with silver went around his waist, and silver spurs were on his boots. When working, gauchos often wore a big leather apron.\nToday, though, most gauchos are disappearing. Trucks, roads, and fences are changing gauchos into farmers and assistants. Traditional dress is usually worn only on festival days, when they can remember their exciting old days."}
+{"id": "69985", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69985", "title": "Flag of Tunisia", "text": "The flag of Tunisia is a national flag. It is red and white in colour with a star inside a moon. It was created for the first time in 1831 by the Tunisian \"bey\" Hassine I. Since then, it has had some small changes."}
+{"id": "69986", "revid": "9773045", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69986", "title": "Humat al-Hima", "text": "\"Humat Al-Hima\" (, ; \"Defenders of the Homeland\") is the national anthem of Tunisia since November 1987.\nThe text (words) of this anthem was written by two men, Mustapha Sadiq Al-Rafi'i and Abul-Qacem Ech-Chebbi. And the Egyptian musician Mohamad Abdul-Wahab made its music."}
+{"id": "69987", "revid": "1580861", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69987", "title": "Nymphadora Tonks", "text": "Nymphadora Tonks is a fictional character in the \"Harry Potter\" book series written by J. K. Rowling. The character is played by actress Natalia \"Nat\" Tena in the Harry Potter movies. \nTonks, as she is known, is the only daughter of Andromeda Black and Ted Tonks. She is a \"Half-Blood\", but both of her parents are actually magical. Her mother is a pureblood from the ancient wizarding family of the Blacks, and her father is a muggle born, therefore considering that the majority of her father's family are muggles she is considered a half-blood, even though he is not a muggle himself. Tonks is a \"metamorphmagus\", which means that she can change her appearance at will. Her Patronus was a jackrabbit, but it changed into a wolf (Remus's Patronus) due to her love for Remus Lupin. She heavily dislikes being called by her first name and prefers to be called Tonks.\nTonks is first described in the books as having a pale heart-shaped face, dark twinkling eyes, and short, spiky hair that was a violent shade of violet. She helped Harry pack up his things with a \"Pack,\" a spell that is used to pack things, but this only made all of Harry's belongings soar messily into his trunk. She also changed her hair color to pink (being a metamorphmagus) (wasn't depicted in the movies for the fear that the audience would associate her with Dolores Umbridge), and commented on Harry's Firebolt jealously. She knocked over a plate in the Dursley's kitchen when the 'Advance Guard' came to pick up Harry to take to number twelve, Grimmauld Place. She also knocked over the troll umbrella stand, which made Sirius's mother, Walburga Black, start screaming. She is known as \"seriously clumsy,\" because of the amount of things she knocked over or broke.\nTonks was born between 1st september 1972 and 31st august 1973. She attended Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry from 1984-1991, the time of Charlie Weasley, and was Sorted into Hufflepuff House. She never became a Prefect in her 5th year, because her Head of House, Pomona Sprout, said she lacked necessary qualities, such as the ability to behave herself. \nShe works as an Auror in the Ministry of Magic under the eye of Mad-Eye Moody, and qi. She worked as a spy for the Order of the Phoenix. So did Arthur Weasley, Kingsley Shacklebolt, and a few others, as they themselves worked inside the Ministry.\nIn \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", she marries the werewolf Remus Lupin (even though she is 13 years younger than him), and many people disapprove of her choice. Remus Lupin feels that he has endangered her and her son (who isn't born yet), and leaves her at the beginning of the Deathly Hallows. Harry, already lost his parents and his godfather, mocks him to be a coward, resulting in Harry was thrown into a wall by an angry Remus. But Remus Lupin decided that Harry was right and come back a few days later. They have a son named Edward Remus 'Teddy' Lupin. He is a metamorphmagus, just like his mother, Tonks, and is known for having aqua colored hair. Both Tonks and Lupin are murdered during the Battle of Hogwarts, Lupin by Antonin Dolohov, and Tonks by Bellatrix Lestrange, Tonks' maternal aunt.\nFollowing their death, Teddy Lupin lives under the care of Andromeda, Tonks' widowed mother, and his godfather, Harry Potter."}
+{"id": "69988", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69988", "title": "Tonks", "text": "Tonks may mean: "}
+{"id": "69992", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69992", "title": "Caching", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69993", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69993", "title": "Scelidosaurus", "text": "Scelidosaurus was an early type of herbivorous dinosaur. It was a thyreophoran, a lightly plated, herbivorous dinosaur about 4 metres long. It lived during the early Jurassic, 196 to 183 million years ago. Its fossils were found in Charmouth, Dorset, England. \n\"Scelidosaurus\" has been called the earliest complete dinosaur. \nIt is one of the earliest and most basal of the armoured dinosaurs. A review by Serano had \"Scelidosaurus\" as the sister group (closest relative) to both the Stegosauria and Ankylosauria.\nThis genus lived on the supercontinent Laurasia. \nIts length was about 4\u00a0metres (13\u00a0ft). \"Scelidosaurus\" was quadrupedal, with the hindlimbs longer than the forelimbs. It \"may\" have reared up on its hind legs to browse on foliage from trees, but its forefeet were as large as its hind feet. This suggests a mostly quadrupedal posture.\n\"Scelidosaurus\" and its Jurassic relatives were herbivorous. Other ornithischians had teeth capable of grinding plant material, but \"Scelidosaurus\" had smaller, less complex teeth. Its jaw could only do simple up-and-down movements. In this aspect, they resembled the stegosaurids, which also had primitive teeth and simple jaws. Also, like stegosaurs, they may have swallowed gastroliths to aid processing of food (because of the lack of chewing ability). This is also done by modern birds and crocodiles. The diet of \"Scelidosaurus\" was low-lying plants like ferns and cycads. Seaweed has also been suggested as a food. Grass did not evolve until the Cretaceous period."}
+{"id": "69996", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69996", "title": "Inheritance (disambiguation)", "text": "Inheritance is when people pass on property and debts when they die.\nInheritance or inheritor may also be:\nIn literature:\nIn other fields:"}
+{"id": "69997", "revid": "3609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69997", "title": "8 September", "text": ""}
+{"id": "69998", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69998", "title": "Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)", "text": "The Nissan Stadium (previously called the International Stadium of Yokohama) is a sports stadium in Yokohama, Japan. It was built for the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final."}
+{"id": "70000", "revid": "1661071", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70000", "title": "Scream 2", "text": "Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Matthew Lillard, Dax Shepard, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Laurie Metcalf, Jamie Kennedy, Jerry O'Connell, Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber.\nThe film was released on December 12, 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the \"Scream\" film series. \"Scream 2\" takes place one year after \"Scream\" and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell) and her brother Jerry (Lillard), now students at the fictional Windsor College, who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of Ghostface. Sidney and Jerry are accompanied by film-geek Randy Meeks (Kennedy), Jerry's friend Tom Scott (Shepard) retired deputy sheriff Dewey Riley (Arquette) and news reporter Gale Weathers (Cox). Like its predecessor, \"Scream 2\" combines the violence of the slasher genre with elements of comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery while satirizing the clich\u00e9 of film sequels. The film was followed by two sequels, \"Scream 3\" (2000) and \"Scream 4\" (2011).\nWilliamson provided a five-page outline for a sequel to \"Scream\" when auctioning his original script, hoping to entice bidders with the potential of buying a franchise. Following a successful test screening of \"Scream\" and the film's financial and critical success, Dimension moved forward with the sequel while \"Scream\" was still in theaters, with the principal cast all returning to star, Craven to direct and Beltrami to provide music.\nThe film suffered controversy following its significant issues with plot information leaking onto the Internet, revealing the identity of the killers. Combined with the film's rushed schedule, the script was rewritten often; pages were sometimes completed on the day of filming. Despite these issues, \"Scream 2\" earned $172 million, received several awards and nominations. The film also received positive reviews, with some critics arguing that the sequel surpassed the original in terms of quality.\nBeltrami received positive critical reception for his score for evolving the musical themes of the characters created in \"Scream\" although some critics claimed that the most memorable pieces from the film were created by composers Danny Elfman and Hans Zimmer. Elfman's contribution had been specially written for the film, but Zimmer's score for \"Broken Arrow\" was controversially used in the film, replacing Beltrami's own work. The soundtrack received negative feedback from reviewers but achieved moderate sales success, reaching #50 on the \"Billboard\" 200.\nPlot.\nWhile attending a preview of the film \"Stab\", a film within a film based on the Woodsboro murders, Windsor College seniors Maureen Evans, Hugh Daniels and Phil Stevens (Jada Pinkett Smith, David Spade and Omar Epps) are murdered by Ghostface. Phil is stabbed through the ear in a bathroom stall while trying to eavesdrop on strange whimpering noises. The killer, wearing a Ghostface costume, then returns to the screening and sits beside Maureen before mortally stabbing her. At first the audience believes the act to be a publicity stunt until she falls dead in front of the cinema screen, Hugh tries to call the police, but the killer stabs him in the back, killing him.\nThe following day, the news media including local journalist Debbie Salt (Laurie Metcalf), descend on Windsor College where Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell) and her brother Jerry Prescott (Matthew Lillard) and Jerry's friend Tom Scott (Dax Shepard) now study alongside their best friend Hallie (Elise Neal) and Sidney's new boyfriend Derek (Jerry O'Connell), fellow Woodsboro survivor Randy Meeks (Jamie Kennedy), and Derek's best friend Mickey (Timothy Olyphant). Sidney receives prank calls but is oblivious to the recent killings until someone instructs her to watch the news. Two other Woodsboro survivors arrive at the campus: officer Dwight \"Dewey\" Riley (David Arquette) to help Sidney, Jerry and Tom and reporter Gale Weathers (Courteney Cox) to cover the case. Gale tries to stage a confrontation between Sidney, Jerry, Tom and Cotton Weary (Liev Schreiber), who is attempting to gain fame from his exoneration for the murder of Sidney and Jerry's mother. After Gale forcibly confronts Sidney, Jerry and Tom with Cotton, Sidney angrily hits Gale and Jerry angrily scolds at Sidney for hitting Gale.\nLater that evening, Sidney, Jerry and Tom go to a party with Hallie. At a sorority house, Ghostface murders fellow student Cici Cooper (Sarah Michelle Gellar). After all the partygoers leave, the killer then crashes the party and attack Sidney, Jerry and Tom, though Derek intervenes. The killer injures Derek but Dewey and the police arrive, prompting the killer to flee. The next morning, Gale discusses the case with the police. Upon realising that Cici's real name is Casey, she concludes that the killer is a copycat who targets students who share the same names as the Woodsboro murder victims, as Maureen Evans has the same name as Maureen Prescott, Phil Stevens as Steve Orth, Hugh Daniels as Dan Williams and Casey Cooper as Casey Becker.\nThat afternoon, while Gale is talking to Dewey, Tom and Randy on the campus lawn, she receives a call from Ghostface hinting that he is watching them. They search for him, but Randy, who tries to keep the killer on the phone, is dragged into Gale's broadcast van and is murdered by Ghostface. As night falls, Dewey and Gale review the tape of Ghostface killing Randy hoping to find some clues but the killer attacks them and seemingly kills Dewey. Gale hides and eventually escapes.\nIn the wake of the escalating murders, two officers drive Sidney, Jerry, Tom and Hallie to a local police station, but the killer murders them. In the ensuing struggle, Ghostface is knocked unconscious. After they climb out of the car, Sidney, Jerry and Tom insist on unmasking him, while Hallie insists they escape. When Sidney, Jerry and Tom walk back to the car, they see that Ghostface has escaped, who then stabs Hallie to death, forcing Sidney, Jerry and Tom flee.\nSidney, Jerry and Tom go back to the campus and find Derek in the auditorium tied to a crucifix, his mouth gagged with duct tape. Once Sidney, Jerry and Tom untie him, they is confronted by Ghostface, who reveals himself as Mickey and tells Sidney, Jerry and Tom that Derek is his partners. Derek desperately tries to persuade Sidney, Jerry and Tom that he is innocent and while Sidney, Jerry and Tom are deciding who is telling the truth, Mickey kills Derek. Mickey details his plan to become famous in the ensuing trial and media spectacle. He then announces his real partner, Debbie Salt, who arrives holding Gale at gunpoint. Sidney, Jerry and Tom recognise that Salt is actually Billy Loomis' mother, seeking revenge for her son's death. Mickey explains that they met online and agreed that Mrs. Loomis pays for Mickey's tuition fee while Mickey does the actual killing. Mrs. Loomis betrays Mickey and shoots him, as she plans to blame the murders on Mickey. Before he collapses, Mickey accidentally shoots Gale, causing her to fall off the stage, Sidney, Jerry and Mrs. Loomis fight, during their fight Mrs. Loomis shoots Tom in the stomach, killing him, until Cotton intervenes and eventually shoots Mrs. Loomis in the throat. As they debate whether or not she is still alive, they find Gale still alive. Mickey suddenly jumps to his feet, trying to attack them, only to be shot death by Sidney, Jerry and Gale. Sidney and Jerry then shoot Mrs. Loomis in the head to confirm her death, amd Jerry runs up to Tom and he gives Jerry some video tapes of he, Jerry, Dan, Sidney, Tatum, Billy, Stu, Randy, Cici, Martha, Jerry's old friends: (Justin Wilson, Douglas Harris, Karen James) and Sidney and Jerry's brother Steve, then Tom slowly dies, and Jerry cries over Tom's body. When the police arrive the next morning, Gale finds Dewey badly injured but still alive and accompanies him and Tom to the hospital. Sidney and Jerry instruct the press to direct questions to Cotton, rewarding him with the fame he has been chasing while removing the attention from herself as she and Jerry leave the university campus. A week later at Tom's funeral, Sidney and Jerry stand near Tom's grave.\nCast.\nLuke Wilson and Heather Graham cameo as actors in the in-universe \"Stab\" film. Tori Spelling and Donovan Patton appears as themselves, and Joshua Jackson cameos as one of Randy's classmates."}
+{"id": "70009", "revid": "1391867", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70009", "title": "DNA repair", "text": " \nDNA repair means the processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to its DNA molecules.\nIn cells, normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation damage DNA. There are as many as a million molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the affected gene. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it divides. The DNA repair process must be constantly active so it can respond rapidly to any damage in the DNA structure.\nThe rate of DNA repair depends on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a lot of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage, can enter one of three states:\nDNA repair.\nThe rate of DNA repair depends on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.\nDamage and mutation.\nDNA damages and mutation are fundamentally different. \nAlthough different from each other, DNA damages and mutations are related because DNA damages often cause errors of DNA synthesis during replication or repair; these errors are a major source of mutation. DNA damages in frequently dividing cells, because they give rise to mutations, are a prominent cause of cancer. In contrast, DNA damages in infrequently dividing cells are likely a prominent cause of aging.\n2015 Nobel Prize research.\nThe 2015 Nobel Prize for Chemistry went to three scientists who each discovered part of the DNA repair story. "}
+{"id": "70010", "revid": "21928", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70010", "title": "Film critic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70013", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70013", "title": "Armiger", "text": "A person who has a coat of arms is sometimes called an \"armiger\". They are armigerous.\nOriginally an armiger was an Armour-Bearer or Esquire, who helped a Knight, but who had his own coat of arms.\nThe term \"armiger\" is well-defined only in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, and Spain where there is a state or other heraldic body. These bodies include the College of Arms in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the Office of the Chief Herald in the Republic of Ireland or the Court of the Lord Lyon in Scotland).\nSomeone can have a coat of arms either because they are descended from a person with a right to bear a coat of arms, or by having a new \"grant of arms\" to him or herself."}
+{"id": "70014", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70014", "title": "Genome", "text": "The genome of an organism is the whole of its hereditary information encoded in its DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). This includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA.\nProfessor Hans Winkler coined the term in 1920.\nWinkler's definition, in translation, runs:\nHowever, no single haploid chromosome set defines even the DNA of a species. Because of the huge variety of alleles carried by a population, every individual is genetically different. Even a diploid individual carries genetic variety. For that reason Dobzhansky preferred \"set of chromosomes\", and the definition now must be broader than Winklers' definition. The genome of a haploid chromosome set is merely a \"sample\" of the total genetic variety of a species.\nThe term 'genome' can be applied specifically to mean the complete set of nuclear DNA (the 'nuclear genome') but can also be used of organelles that contain their own DNA, as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome.\nGenome sizes.\n\"Note:\" The DNA from a single human cell has a length of ~1.8 m (but at a width of ~2.4 nanometers)."}
+{"id": "70015", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70015", "title": "Genome (disambiguation)", "text": "Genome may refer to:"}
+{"id": "70019", "revid": "1318670", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70019", "title": "Atomic force microscope", "text": "Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) are a type of microscope. AFMs provide pictures of atoms on or in surfaces. Like the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the purpose of the AFM is to look at objects on the atomic level. In fact, the AFM may be used to look at individual atoms. It is commonly used in nanotechnology.\nThe AFM can do some things that the SEM cannot do. The AFM can provide higher resolution than the SEM. Further, the AFM does not need to operate in a vacuum. In fact, the AFM can operate in ambient air or water, so it can be used to see surfaces of biological samples like living cells.\nThe AFM works by employing an ultra-fine needle attached to a cantilever beam. The tip of the needle runs over the ridges and valleys in the material being imaged, \"feeling\" the surface. As the tip moves up and down due to the surface, the cantilever deflects. In one basic configuration, a laser shines on the cantilever at an oblique angle, and allows for the direct measurement of the deflection in the cantilever by simply changing the angle of incidence for the laser beam. In this way, an image may be created revealing the configuration of the molecules being imaged by the machine.\nThere are many different operating modes for an AFM. One is the \"contact mode\", where the tip is simply moved across the surface and the cantilever deflections are measured. Another mode is called \"tapping mode\", because the tip is tapped against the surface as it travels along. By controlling how hard the tip is tapped, the AFM can move away from the surface when the needle feels a ridge, so that it will not hit against the surface when it moves across. This mode is also useful for biological samples, because it is less likely to damage a soft surface.\nThese are the basic modes most commonly used. However there are different names and methods such as \"intermittent contact mode\", \"non-contact mode\", \"dynamic\" and \"static\" modes and more, but these are often variations on the above described tapping and contact modes."}
+{"id": "70020", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70020", "title": "Zine El Abidine Ben Ali", "text": "Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali (September 3, 1936 \u2013 September 19, 2019) was the second President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011.\nOn January 14, 2011, he was forced to leave Tunisia and go to Saudi Arabia with his wife Le\u00efla Ben Ali and their three children after a month of protests against his rule. The Arab Spring started in Tunisia.\nBirth.\nZine El-Abidine Ben Ali was born in Hammam Sousse on September 3, 1936.\nWork before Presidency.\nHe was assigned to manage (direct and take care) the Defense Military Security in 1964, and worked there until 1974. He was then promoted (his grade was changed to a superior one) to director-general of National Security at the Ministry of Interior in 1977. After that, he was assigned to take care of relations between Tunisia and the Kingdom of Morocco.\nAfter being the ambassador of Tunisia in Poland, he returned to National Security.\nRight before becoming the President of Tunisian Republic, Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali has been promoted to Prime Minister and the constitutional successor on October 1, 1987.\nFive weeks after his promotion he, officially, became the Second President of Tunisia.\nControversy.\nThe way that Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali governs had cause some problems with groups including the Al-Jazeera channel. Al-Jazeera does not believe it is correct for Ben Ali to say that Muslim women wearing headscarves (religious clothes) in public places must take then off and say that they will not wear them in public again.\nDeath.\nBen Ali died at a hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia of prostate cancer on September 19, 2019 at the age of 83."}
+{"id": "70021", "revid": "1174418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70021", "title": "Heraldry", "text": "Heraldry is the art and science of designing and using a coat of arms. The study of coats of arms is also called \"armory\". The practice of using distinct markings on a person's shield started in the Middle Ages, when a knight's helmet covered his face, making everybody look the same in battle. At first, only knights and nobility had coats of arms, but in the Middle Ages, some cities started using heraldry too. By the end of the Middle Ages, other people began using coats of arms, now called \"burgher arms\", which means they belong to a commoner and not a member of the nobility. An official in charge of approving and recording coats of arms is called a \"herald\". The related study of flags is called \"vexillology\".\nHeraldry is described in English using a specialised jargon called \"Blazon\" which is based on French words. Heraldry uses only bold, bright colors, called \"tinctures\", with special names. Gold, for instance, is called \"Or\". This word is often capitalised to distinguish it from the conjunction \"or\". Silver and white are sometimes treated as different colors, but in English Blazon both are called \"argent\". Some combinations of colors represent furs, and these have names that are only used in heraldry. There are a number of geometric shapes, called \"ordinaries\", that are used in heraldry, and each of these has a special name too. The shield may be divided in a number of ways, usually following the lines of the ordinaries."}
+{"id": "70022", "revid": "1280805", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70022", "title": "Baronet", "text": "In the United Kingdom, a baronet is a man who has the title \"Sir\", like a knight, but who is neither:\nUnlike the members of the orders of chivalry, and a knight bachelor, a baronet can pass his title to his children.\nBaronets rank higher than knights, but below barons. They are the highest rank of minor nobility.\nHistory.\nSome baronets were created in the 1300s, but the modern Order of Baronets dates from King James I of England.\nOn 22 May 1611 King James I set up the present hereditary Order of Baronets in England. He made 200 \"gentlemen of good birth\" baronets. He did this partly to reward those people with more than a knighthood, without making them as important as a Baron. The other reason was that the king needed money to keep soldiers in Ireland. Each of the new baronets had to pay \u00a31095, which was the cost of keeping thirty soldiers for three years.\nIn 1619 James I set up the Baronetage of Ireland, to raise more money.\nTo explore Nova Scotia (New Scotland) in what we now call Canada, King James I of England was going a create the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1624, but he died that year. His son King Charles I set up the Baronetage of Scotland and Nova Scotia in 1625. The new baronets had to pay \u00a32000 or to support six settlers for two years. \nToday over a hundred \"baronets of Nova Scotia\" still exist. The Duke of Roxburghe, who is also Baronet of Innes-Ker of Innes is the \"Premier Baronet of Scotland\" because the baronetcy is the oldest one still existing in Scotland. It was created in 1625.\nInsignia.\nThe Baronets of Nova Scotia were allowed to wear a badge from 1629. The design on the badge is the same as the flag of Nova Scotia\nBaronets of England, of Ireland, of Great Britain or of the United Kingdom had no badge until 1929."}
+{"id": "70025", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70025", "title": "House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70026", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70026", "title": "Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha", "text": "The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) was a \"dual monarchy\" in Germany. This means that one ruler ruled over two countries, in this case the duchies of Coburg and Gotha. \"Saxe\" means of Saxony, because there were many small countries but all were ruled by members of the royal house of Saxony. Usually the royal house of Saxony means the rulers of the Kingdom of Saxony. The house of Wettin ruled the other states (Wettin is the family's surname).\nThe royal house of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was created in 1826. One dynasty of the House of Wettin (the Dukes of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg) became extinct because there were no more male children to inherit.\nThe remaining members of the family divided their various lands between them. The duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld gave up Saalfeld and instead got the duchy of Gotha. Saalfeld became part of Saxe-Meiningen, which also took Hildburghausen when the Dule of Saxe-Hildburghausen became Duke of Saxe-Altenburg.\nOn 12 November 1826, Ernst III of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld became Ernst I Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of J\u00fclich \"(Juelich)\", Cleves and Berg, also Engern and Westphalia, Prince of Lichtenberg, Landgrave in Thuringia, Markgrave of Mei\u00dfen \"(Meissen)\", Count of Hennerberg, Count of the Mark and Ravensburg, Lord of Ravenstein and Tonna.\nErnst had two sons. His younger son, Albert, married his cousin Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Saxe-Coburg and Gotha became the name of the royal house of the United Kingdom from 1901 until 1917 (the reign of Edward VII), when the name was changed the Windsor because of hatred of anything German in World War I.\nThe Duchy in Germany.\nErnst I died in 1844 and his elder son and successor, Ernst II, ruled until he died in 1893. As he had no children childless, the throne of the Duchy passed to the male descendant's of Ernst's late brother Albert the Prince Consort, husband of Queen Victoria. But, the Duchies did not want to be joined to Great Britain, so their constitutions stopped the King and heir apparent of Great Britain from becoming Duke if other eligible male heirs exist. Therefore after Edward, Prince of Wales, came his next brother, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. Alfred's only son, also named Alfred, committed suicide in 1899, so when Duke Alfred died in 1900, he was succeeded by his nephew, Charles Edward the Duke of Albany, the sixteen-year-old son of Queen Victoria's youngest son, Leopold. (Duke Arthur of Connaught and his son did not want to become Duke, so renounced (gave up) their right to succession.) The new Duke started using the German version of his name, and ruled as Duke Carl Eduard. Until he came of age in 1905, the Hereditary Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg acted as Regent, Carl Eduard retained his British title Duke of Albany, but because he fought for Germany in the First World War, he was stripped of his British titles in 1919.\nCarl Eduard reigned until 18 November 1918, when the Workers' and Soldiers' Council of Gotha deposed him during the German Revolution. The two Duchies became separate states, but soon joined with bigger states. Saxe-Coburg became a part of Bavaria, and Saxe-Gotha merged with other small states to form the new state of Thuringia in 1920 in the Weimar Republic.\nThe capitals of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha were Coburg and Gotha. By 1914 the area and populations of the two duchies were:\nSaxe-Coburg and Gotha was the only European country to appoint a diplomatic consul to the Confederate States of America. The consul was named Ernst Raven, consul in the State of Texas. When Raven asked the Confederate Government for a diplomatic exequatur (permission to be act as consul) on 20 July 1861 he was accepted.\nHouse.\nOther members of the family became kings of Belgium and Bulgaria, and married into nearly all of the other royal families of Europe. More than 50 years after Bulgaria became a republic, King Simeon returned to Bulgaria and was elected Prime Minister. After the First World War the Kings of Belgium stopped using the name Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, but never officially changed their name. Simeon of Bulgaria's legal name is Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski\nThe Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha stopped being independent in 1918, when Germany became a republic. Carl Eduard, the last reigning duke had his British titles taken away for supporting Germany in World War I. He died in 1954.\nGotha became part of the new state of Thuringia, and Coburg joined Bavaria."}
+{"id": "70033", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70033", "title": "Berkelium", "text": "Berkelium (IPA: ) is a synthetic, radioactive, chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a metallic element and part of the actinide series. Berkelium was invented by scientists and does not exist in nature. Berkelium was first made by hitting americium with alpha particles or helium ions. It is named after Berkeley, California and the University of California, Berkeley.\nUses.\nIts only uses are to create bigger elements and research."}
+{"id": "70035", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70035", "title": "N\u00fcrnberg", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70037", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70037", "title": "BBC Learning English", "text": "BBC Learning English is a website hosted by the BBC World Service since 1996. It provides free learning materials for people who speak English as a second language and want to improve their English Language skills."}
+{"id": "70038", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70038", "title": "Omarosa Manigault Newman", "text": "Omarosa Manigault Newman (; born February 5, 1974) known mononymously as Omarosa is a reality television personality and writer. She was a contestant on Donald Trump's television reality show \"The Apprentice\". \nOmarosa was born in Youngstown, Ohio where she attended Rayen High School. She has gone on to appear on various talk shows and other reality shows, where her strong personality has often been the source of controversy. Her partner was late actor Michael Clarke Duncan.\n\"The Apprentice\".\nOmarosa became famous for appearing on the first season of \"The Apprentice\", a reality show where contestants fought for a job working for Donald Trump. Omarosa's appearance on Trump's \"The Apprentice\" ended on Week Nine, when she was \"fired\". \nShe returned to the show a few years later as a contestant on \"The Celebrity Apprentice\". She was eliminated once again, this time in Week 10. Omarosa returned a third time for the All-Stars season. She was fired in Week 5.\nDonald Trump cabinet.\nIn 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump selected Omarosa to be Director of Communications for the White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs. She resigned on January 20, 2018, a year after taking the position.\nPost-White House Controversy.\nIn August 2018 while on a book tour, she released controversial recordings of her time in the White House, including conversations with the president and white house chief of staff John Kerry. She also told MNSBC she had heard Trump use the N-word during the Apprentice."}
+{"id": "70039", "revid": "10468415", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70039", "title": "The Apprentice", "text": "The Apprentice is a reality television show that first aired in 2004 in the United States. The person who came up with the show was Mark Burnett, who earlier successfully brought the British series \"Survivor\" to the US. Until 2016, it was hosted by then-businessman Donald Trump, but in 2005, there was a spin-off hosted by Martha Stewart. The American version of the show had fifteen seasons. In the first six seasons and the 10th season, the people who appeared on the show were ordinary people. In seasons 7 to 9 and from season 11 onwards, these people were celebrities, who try to win money for charities instead of running one of Trump's companies. This version of the show is called The Celebrity Apprentice.\nFormat.\nIn the program, a group of 14 to 18 people hope to get a job worth US$250,000 to run one of Trump's companies. In each episode, the contestants are split into two teams who each have to do a task. The task could be selling something, making an advertisement, or running a stall at an event. In the end, one team will win (usually because they have made the most money) and they will get a prize of some sort. The people on the team that loses have to explain to Trump what went wrong, and at the end of every episode, Trump will say \"You're fired!\" to one or more people from this team, who then no longer appears in the show for the rest of the season. However, in the very last episode, Trump says \"You're hired!\" to the person who wins the grand prize instead.\nSeasons.\nSeasons 7 to 9 were released under the title of \"Celebrity Apprentice\" because the contestants were famous. Because of this, the seventh version of the original show (with ordinary people) is titled as season 10.\nHosting.\nTrump hosted the show until he became President of the United States in 2016. The most recent season, which aired in 2017, had Arnold Schwarzenegger in charge, but Trump continued to be the executive producer. However, Schwarzenegger left the show at the end of the season after he was criticized by Trump for low ratings.\nMany countries have their own version of \"The Apprentice\", each having a different person in charge. For example, the version from the United Kingdom has Alan Sugar.\nSpin-offs.\n\"The Apprentice: Martha Stewart\".\nThe Apprentice: Martha Stewart was a one-time spin-off of the main show which featured Martha Stewart instead of Donald Trump. The show had a very similar format, with 16 contestants competing for a job. The show was not as popular as Donald Trump's and ended after one season. The winner was Dawna Stone.\n\"The Celebrity Apprentice\".\nThe Celebrity Apprentice was a version of Donald Trump's show which featured celebrities and famous people as contestants instead of ordinary businesspeople. Each celebrity had a charity that they were representing. The celebrities would have to complete challenges in teams (much like the original version). The winning team would get money for their charities but one person from the losing team would be removed from the game. The last person remaining won more money for their charity.\nSeasons of \"Celebrity Apprentice\" were run alongside the original show. Because of this, the first season of \"Celebrity Apprentice\" is the seventh season of the show overall.\nOther versions.\nThe series was very popular in America and was adapted in several other countries, most notably in the UK and Australia."}
+{"id": "70040", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70040", "title": "Survivor (TV series)", "text": "Survivor is a popular reality television game show produced in many countries throughout the world. In the show, contestants are isolated in a remote location and compete for cash and other prizes. The format for \"Survivor\" was created in the UK in 1992 by Charlie Parsons, and the first production of it was the Swedish show \"Expedition: Robinson\" in 1997. The US version is commonly considered the mother of American reality TV shows because it was the first highly rated and profitable reality show on broadcast television in the USA. The show even has its own \"reality coaster\" at Paramount's Great America in Santa Clara, CA, called ."}
+{"id": "70041", "revid": "1674404", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70041", "title": "The Weakest Link", "text": "The Weakest Link (also known as The Weakest Link USA) is an American television game show that first aired on NBC on April 16, 2001. It is based on the British television series of the same name. Apart from the first three episodes, which all aired the same week, the series aired once a week for an hour as part of the network's primetime schedule. The network canceled \"Weakest Link\" in 2002, and its final episode aired on July 14, 2002, with ten episodes left unaired. These were eventually shown on PAX and GSN years later.\nWhile the primetime series was still being produced, NBC began developing a daily half-hour edition that would be syndicated to local stations. This version premiered on January 7, 2002, and aired for a season and a half with the last new episode airing on May 23, 2003.\nIn July 2020, a revival with Jane Lynch as host and executive producer was announced. The revival premiered on NBC on September 29, 2020. A second season of the revival was announced in January 2021 and premiered on March 13, 2022. A third season of the revival was announced in August 2022, and premiered on April 11, 2023.\nOn May 12, 2025, it was announced that the show would move to Fox for a new series with celebrity contestants, and would be titled \"Celebrity Weakest Link\". The season premiered on September 15, 2025.\nFormat.\nThe original format features a team of six contestants who take turns answering general knowledge questions. The object of each round is to create a chain of six consecutive correct answers and earn an increasing amount for a single communal pot within a certain time limit. An incorrect answer breaks the chain and loses any money earned in that chain. However, before their question is asked, a contestant can choose to bank the current amount of money earned in a chain to a safe pot, after which the chain starts afresh. A contestant's decision not to bank, in anticipation that they will be able to correctly answer the upcoming question allows the money to grow, as each successive correct answer earns proportionally more money.\nWhen the allotted time for each round ends, any money not banked is lost, and if the host is in the middle of asking a question, or has asked a question but the contestant has yet to answer, the question is abandoned. Occasionally, the host gives the correct answer whether the contestant is able to answer the question correctly or not. The round automatically ends if the team successfully reaches the maximum amount for the round before the allotted time expires, and the next person says \"Bank\". Each round thereafter is reduced by 10 seconds as players are eliminated. The remaining two players have 90 seconds on the clock for the triple stakes round.\nThe first person to be asked a question in the first round is the player whose name is the first alphabetically in the original version. Every subsequent round starts with the \"strongest link\"\u2014the player with the most correct answers\u2014from the previous round, unless that person has been voted off, in which case the second strongest answers first.\nMoney tree.\nThe money tree was as follows:\n2001\u20132002\n2002 \nVoting and elimination.\nAt the end of each round, contestants must vote one player out of the game. Until the beginning of the next round, only the television audience knows exactly who the strongest and weakest links are statistically due to Goldwell's narration. While the contestants work as a team when answering questions, they are at this point encouraged to be ruthless with one another. Players often decide to vote off weaker rivals, but occasionally opt to eliminate stronger players as well. After the revealing of the votes, the host will interrogate the players on their choice of voting, the reasons behind their choice, as well as about their background and their interests. After interrogation, the player with the most votes is given a stern \"You are the weakest link. Goodbye!\" and must walk off the stage in what is called the \"Walk of shame.\" In the event of a tie, the strongest link has the final decision about who is eliminated. If they voted for a tied player, they have the option of sticking with their vote or changing it. The strongest link usually sticks with their original choice, unless another player in the tie has voted for them. Occasionally, the strongest link has voted for someone who is not in the tie, and so is forced to change their decision one way or the other.\nEnd of the game.\nFinal round.\nThe final two contestants work together in a final round identical to the previous ones; however, all money banked at the end of this round is tripled and added to the current money pool, forming the final total for the game. At the end of this round, there is no elimination, with the game instead moving to a head to head round.\nHead to head.\nFor the head to head round, the remaining two players are each required to answer five questions each in a penalty shootout format. The strongest link from the previous round chooses who goes first. Whoever has the most correct answers at the end of the round wins the game. In the event of a tie, the game goes to \"sudden death\". Each player continues to be asked questions as usual, until one person answers a question correctly and the other incorrectly.\nThe winner of the game takes home all of the money accumulated in the prize pool for the game, and the loser leaves with nothing, like all previous eliminated players. From 2001\u20132002, the maximum is 50,000 and In 2002, the maximum cash jackpot is 100,000.\nReception.\n\"The Weakest Link\" won the CableACE Award in 2002 for Best Excellence."}
+{"id": "70042", "revid": "10016015", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70042", "title": "Anne Robinson", "text": "Anne Josephine Robinson (born 26 September 1944) is an English television presenter and game show host. She was born in Crosby, Lancashire. She is best known for presenting BBC quiz show, \"The Weakest Link\" from 2000\u20132012 which earned her the nickname \"Queen of Mean\". In the United States, she presented \"Weakest Link\" for three series on NBC. She is one of the presenters on the long-running British consumer affairs series, \"Watchdog\" from 1993\u20132001 and again from 2009\u20132015, on 28th June 2021, she became the new host of the long-running game show \"Countdown\". However, she was unpopular with viewers and left the series on 13th July 2022, she was replaced by Colin Murray. \nPersonal life.\nIn 2001, Robinson was diagnosed with skin cancer, for which she had surgery."}
+{"id": "70043", "revid": "9361489", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70043", "title": "Scooch", "text": "Scooch are a British bubblegum dance group. The members of Scooch are Natalie Powers, Caroline Barnes, David Ducasse, and Russ Spencer. They formed in 1998.\nScooch represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, Finland, with their song \"Flying the Flag (for You)\".\nThe song reached #5 in the UK Top 40 Singles Chart on 13 May 2007. People had already had the chance to download the song 2 months before. If however the download and CD were released at the same time it is considered that they would have been #1 in the UK for 2 weeks in a row.\nPerformance in the ESC final.\nScooch performed in 19th place on the final night and after the votes were confirmed, came 22nd out of 24 entries. The quartet received 7 points from Ireland and the maximum 12 points from Malta. This was the first time since 2002 that a UK Eurovision entrant had received the maximum 12 points in the competition from any country."}
+{"id": "70047", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70047", "title": "Rock art", "text": "Rock art is a term in archaeology for any markings that were made on natural stone by human beings. They can be divided into:\nIn addition, there is rock art made by aligning or piling natural stones. The stones themselves are used as large markings on the ground.\nLocation.\nOne can find petroglyphs and pictographs on the walls of a cave or on rock in open-air.\nSimilar terms.\nRock art has also been described as rock records, rock sculptures, rock inscriptions, rock carvings, rock paintings, rock engravings, rock drawings, rock pictures,"}
+{"id": "70050", "revid": "45220", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70050", "title": "Omarosa", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70052", "revid": "10119679", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70052", "title": "Edward Teach", "text": "Edward Teach (1680 \u2013 22 November 1718) was a pirate, often called Blackbeard. (It is not clear what his real name actually was; some historians think that his last name may really have been Thatch.) He attacked ships in the Caribbean and the American colonies. His flagship ship was the captured French slave ship \"La Concorde\" which Blackbeard renamed \"Queen Anne's Revenge\". About 1718 it ran aground near Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina and was abandoned.\nBlackbeard often fought wearing a big feathered tricorn hat, and with lots of swords, knives, and pistols. Some pictures show him with lighted rope matches woven into his enormous black beard during battle. The matches burned slowly and gave of lots of smoke. They were designed to make him look frightening. He probably got the idea from seeing the burning rope was used to light the gunpowder in cannons and guns. (These old fashioned guns were called \"matchlocks\", later a flint was used to make a spark, these were called flintlock guns). No one knows how many wives Blackbeard had. The book \"A General History of the Pirates\" says that he had as many as fourteen wives, but he was not legally married to most of them.\nEarly life.\nBlackbeard is thought to have been born in Bristol, England. Teach went to sea when he was very young. He served on an English ship in the War of the Spanish Succession, privateering in the Spanish West Indies and along the Spanish Main. At the war's end in 1713, Teach, like many other privateers, turned to piracy. Blackbeard was born in a trade epicenter and he grew up knowing about sailing. Many merchant ships landed and traded there. \nBlackbeard the Pirate.\nHe began as a pirate under Benjamin Hornigold. In 1716, Hornigold retired, taking advantage of an amnesty offered to former privateers by the British government. Teach then took command of his own ship.\nDuring the next two years Blackbeard attacked merchant ships, forcing them to allow his crew to board their ship. The pirates would seize all of the valuables, food, liquor, and weapons. Ironically, despite his ferocious reputation, there are no verified accounts of him actually killing anyone.\nCapture and death.\nThe Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, Alexander Spotswood sent two ships after Blackbeard. On 18 November 1718, Lt. Robert Maynard sailed from Hampton, Virginia to Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina. On 22 November 1718, Maynard and his men defeated Blackbeard and the pirates. The most complete account of the following events comes from the \"Boston News-Letter\": \nTeach was said to have been shot five times and stabbed more than twenty times before he died and was decapitated. Legends about his death immediately sprang up. His headless body, was thrown overboard, but swam three times around the ship before sinking. Teach's head was placed as a trophy on the bowsprit of the ship. Captain Maynard had to keep the head to claim his prize when he returned home. Later, Teach's head hung from a pike in Bath, Somerset."}
+{"id": "70054", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70054", "title": "Blackbeard", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70056", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70056", "title": "Blackbeard the Pirate", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70062", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70062", "title": "Atomic Force Microscope", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70064", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70064", "title": "Fuerth", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70065", "revid": "13119", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70065", "title": "Kate McCann", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70069", "revid": "1322249", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70069", "title": "Jenolan Caves", "text": "Jenolan Caves are limestone caves in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia, 175 kilometres west of Sydney. They are the most visited of several similar groups in the limestone of the country, and the oldest discovered open caves in the world. Since 2008, Jenolan Caves has won many tourism awards, including 'Best Tourist Attraction' from Tourism Australia, in 2011. \nThey have many Silurian marine fossils. The calcite formations are sometimes pure white and are know for being very beautiful. \nThe cave network is very large, with over 40 km of multi-level passages, and the complex is still undergoing active exploration. \nSeveral kilometres of the caves have been rendered accessible to paying visitors and are well lit.\nWorld's oldest caves.\nBy measuring the ratio of radioactive potassium and trapped argon gas, which was produced when the potassium decayed, scientists determined the age of the clay in the caves to be approximately 340 million years old, thereby making the cave complex the world's oldest known and dated open cave system. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in association with the University of Sydney and the Australian Museum lead the efforts in scientific research into the caves.\nAboriginal Heritage.\nFor tens of thousands of years, the Jenolan area has been part of the culture of local indigenous peoples. This beautiful and mysterious place hold special significance to the Gundungurra people, who knew it as 'Binomil' or 'Bin-oo-mur'. Gundungurra people's knowledge of the caves goes back a long way, as there is a Dreamtime creation story about how the whole countryside came into being. The story describes an almighty struggle between two ancestral creator spirits - one a giant eel-like creature, Gurangatch, and the other, Mirrigan, a large native cat or quoll. In the early years of the 20th century, the Gundungurra people penetrated the caves as far as the subterranean water, carrying sick people to be bathed in this water, which they believed to have great curative powers.\nEuropean Discovery.\nIn approximately 1835-40 the area was recorded for the first time by either James, Charles or Alf Whalan, three brothers who each claimed to have discovered the caves while searching for a bushranger, James McKeown, whom they claimed used the caves as a hide-out. One of the less-visited caverns in the area is called McKeown's Hole, however there is no actual evidence of his existence. It is more likely the brothers were searching for cattle that had strayed from their nearby farm.[citation needed]\nGetting to Jenolan Caves.\nLocated 3 hours drive for day visitors from Sydney and Canberra, Jenolan Caves attracts over 250,000 visitors a year, making it one of the most popular tourist locations in rural New South Wales.\nThere is no public transport to Jenolan Caves. However, there are large carparks and a range of coach operators bring tourists from Sydney and Katoomba every day.\nActivities at Jenolan Caves.\nTen of the area's \"dark caves\" are open for regular guided tours every day (1 to 2 hours per tour). These 'show' cave tour sizes vary; for example the delicate Pool of Cerberus Cave can have only 8 on a tour, while the Lucas Cave (with its large chambers) can have up to 65 people per tour. \nTours also vary in difficulty, for example the Imperial Cave has the fewest stairs, while the River Cave is the most strenuous. However, the average tourist can tour any of these 'show' caves. \nA self-guided tour of the huge Nettle Cave/Devils Coach House is also available in a range of languages. Night tours run every night except Sundays, including the popular ghost tour, 'Legends, Mysteries & Ghosts'.\nSeveral undeveloped caves are available for Adventure Caving (2 hours to all-day tours). These Adventure Caving tours include the Plughole Tour, which runs daily and includes basic abseiling. Other more challenging Adventure Caving tours are available.\nWhere to Eat and Stay.\nWhen visiting Jenolan Caves, tourists can stay at the heritage-listed Jenolan Caves House hotel, designed in 1897 by government architect, Walter Liberty Vernon, as a resort or retreat for the wealthy. To cater for the expectations of the well-to-do, Vernon included a ballroom and grand dining room (now Chisolm's Restaurant). Chisolm's is open for dinner every day, serving modern Australian cuisine. Facilities include an hotel/motel complex, self-contained cottages, restaurant, bar and cafe.\nNative Wildlife.\nThe huge Jenolan Reserve is a National Park, located in the World Heritage Blue Mountains Area, where signposted bush trails enable tourists to glimpse Australian birds and native wildlife, including kangaroos and platypus."}
+{"id": "70071", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70071", "title": "Sizzler", "text": "Sizzler is a chain of steakhouse restaurants in the United States and other countries around the world."}
+{"id": "70072", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70072", "title": "B\u00e1b", "text": "Siyyid `Al\u00ed Mu\u1e25ammad (20 October 1819 \u2013 9 July 1850) was a merchant from Shiraz, Iran who started a version of Shia Islam called B\u00e1bism. After he started the religion, he changed his name to B\u00e1b. People who believe in the B\u00e1b are called B\u00e1b\u00eds, and they believe that the B\u00e1b was a prophet. B\u00e1b\u00eds also believe that the B\u00e1b is the Qa'im, who the Shi'as believe will come in the future.\nThe B\u00e1b wrote hundreds of letters and books teaching who he was and what the rules of his religion were. The B\u00e1b's new rules replaced the Sharia law, or Muslim rules, for his followers. B\u00e1bism became very large, and over ten thousand people believed in the B\u00e1b. The Shi'a clergy, or leaders of Islam in Iran, hated the B\u00e1b and tried to harm people who followed his religion. In 1850, a firing squad shot the B\u00e1b in Tabriz, Iran.\nThe B\u00e1b had other names like the \"Primal Point\" and the \"Point of the Bay\u00e1n.\"\nThe B\u00e1b told everyone that another prophet who was stronger and even more powerful was coming soon. People who follow the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed religion believe that the B\u00e1b was talking about Bah\u00e1'u'll\u00e1h, who started it.\nLife.\nEarly life.\nThe B\u00e1b was born on October 20, 1819, in Shiraz, Iran. His father was a merchant, and many people in the town knew him. Very soon after the B\u00e1b was born, his father died. The B\u00e1b's uncle \u1e24\u00e1j\u00ed M\u00edrz\u00e1 Siyyid `Al\u00ed was also a merchant and raised the B\u00e1b.\nWhen the B\u00e1b became an adult, he started working as a merchant with his uncle. In 1842, he married a woman named Khad\u00edjih-Bagum. Together they had one son, who they named A\u1e25mad, who was very sick and died when as a baby. Someone who lived at the same time as the B\u00e1b said he was very calm and quiet and that the B\u00e1b spoke only when required and did not even answer questions. The B\u00e1b was always thinking and praying. People said he was handsome, and had a thin beard. He always dressed in clean clothes and wore a green scarf and a black turban or wrap of cloth on his head.\nThe Shaykhis.\nShaykh Ahmad-i-Ahsa'i started a Shi'a Islam religious group in Iran in the 1790s. Members of the group, who were called Shaykhis, believed that God was sending a new messenger to Earth very soon. They called the new messenger the Qa'im, or the Mahdi. When Shaykh Ahmad died, Siyyid K\u00e1zim, who was from Rasht, Iran, became the new leader of the Shaykhis. Shaykh Ahmad lived was born in 1753 and died in 1862. Siyyid K\u00e1zim was born in 1793 and he died in 1843.\nWhen the B\u00e1b went on a pilgrimage to Karbala and nearby places, he may have listened to Siyyid K\u00e1zim teach. Nobody knows for sure, however, because there are very few documents or records from that time.\nWhen Siyyid K\u00e1zim was dying, he told his followers in December that they should travel and try to find the new prophet from God. He called the prophet \"The Lord of the Age\" and told them that he would be discovered very soon. One of the people who believed in Siyyid K\u00e1zim prayed and fasted from dawn to dusk for forty days, and his name was Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn. Then, he travelled to Shiraz and met the B\u00e1b.\nAnnouncement to Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn.\nMull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn got to Shiraz on May 23, 1844. A young man wearing a green turban greeted him after he had not been in Shiraz for very long. In Iran, only people who were related to the Prophet Mu\u1e25ammad wore green turbans and were called Siyyids. The young man was the B\u00e1b and invited Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn to his home.\nThe B\u00e1b asked Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn why he was in Shiraz, and Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn told him that he was searching for the new prophet, or Promised One. The B\u00e1b asked Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn how he would know who the prophet was. Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn told him that the prophet would come from a famous and good family and know many things without having to learn them. Also, he would have no problems with his body. Tthe B\u00e1b said that all of those things were true about himself: \"Behold, all these signs are manifest in me.\" The B\u00e1b was saying that he was the new prophet that Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn had been looking for. That shocked Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn.\nMull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn had one more way to know who the new prophet was and he had not told about it to the B\u00e1b. Siyyid K\u00e1\u1e93im had told Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn that the new prophet would write a book explaining the Surih of Joseph. Siyyid K\u00e1\u1e93im had also said that the new prophet would do so without anyone asking him to. After the B\u00e1b told Mull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn that he was the new prophet, he wrote a book about the Surih of Joseph. The B\u00e1b called that book the Qayy\u00famu'l-Asm\u00e1'\nAfter spending the night talking to the B\u00e1b, Mull\u00e1 Husayn said:\nLetters of the Living.\nMull\u00e1 \u1e24usayn was the B\u00e1b's first disciple, a student of a religious leader. In less than five months, 17 more students of Siyyid K\u00e1\u1e93im became disciples of the B\u00e1b. All of the new disciples started believing the B\u00e1b was a new manifestation or prophet of god without anyone else's help. One of the new disciples was a woman. Her name was Zarr\u00edn T\u00e1j Baragh\u00e1ni, and she was a poet. Later she was given a new name,\u1e6cahirih (meaning \"The Pure\"). Later people started calling the first 18 disciples and the B\u00e1b the Letters of the Living. The B\u00e1b told them that it was their duty to tell people that he was the new prophet. Nineteen is a special number in B\u00e1bism.\nThe B\u00e1b said that the Letters of the Living were special. Shi'ism has 14 special people, called the \"Infallibles\", who are always right. Muhammad, the twelve Imams, and Fatimah, are the \"Infallibles\" in Shi'ism. Just like the \"Infallibles\", one of the disciples was a woman, and one was a prophet. The Letters of the Living were very much like the Twelve Apostles of Christ."}
+{"id": "70073", "revid": "8309816", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70073", "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "text": "Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy-drama movie based on Truman Capote's novella (short book), and starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard. The movie won two Academy Awards. It was nominated for a total of five awards. It was directed by Blake Edwards, who also directed seven Pink Panther movies.\nSummary of the story.\n\"Breakfast at Tiffany's\" is about a young woman named Holly Golightly. Holly suffered an abusive childhood, along with her brother, Fred. She and Fred ran from the abuse, and were taken in by \"Doc\" Golightly, who married her when she was about fourteen. Soon after, the marriage was annulled, and Holly again ran in search of a happier life. She eventually landed in New York City, where she became a high society escort, trying to raise money to make a home for herself and her brother. \nPaul Varjak, an aspiring writer being kept by an older woman, moves into Holly's building. Paul is amused by Holly's madcap lifestyle, and Holly sees Paul as a sort of \"kindred spirit\" in that they both are engaged in questionable business pursuits. They quickly form a friendship, but at some point, Paul's feelings turn romantic. The romantic attraction becomes mutual after a day of high-spirited fun; however, Holly's fear of being \"caged\" leads her to reject the relationship. \nAfter some time passes and Holly suffers a series of setbacks, she is reunited with Paul, and has to decide whether she should keep running from commitment, or accept the love he offers. The movie ends with a very famous scene of Holly, her \"no-name\" cat, and Paul embracing in the rain.\nExplanation of the title.\nHolly suffers from bouts of anxiety (the \"mean reds\"), and finds spending time at Tiffany & Co. calming. She feels \"nothing very bad\" can happen to a person in such elegant surroundings. Though she clearly aspires to own beautiful and expensive things, it also seems she yearns for the sense of stability and protection she associates with wealth. She sometimes gets a breakfast pastry in the morning and takes it with her to look in the store. When she spends a day with Paul, she takes him to Tiffany & Co., so they can look at all the fine jewelry, and he can experience one of her favorite places."}
+{"id": "70078", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70078", "title": "Breakfast at tiffany's", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70085", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70085", "title": "Anorexia", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70089", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70089", "title": "Soft drugs", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70091", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70091", "title": "Juan Ignacio Molina", "text": "Juan Ignacio Molina. Born June 24 1740; Died September 12 1829; Chilean Naturalist.\nHe is usually referred to as Abate Molina (form of Abbott Molina). He wrote \"Compendio della storia geografica, naturale e civile del regno del Cile\" (1776), latter translated in English, French, German and Spanish. The journal \"Moliniana\" is dedicated in his honour."}
+{"id": "70093", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70093", "title": "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70095", "revid": "724982", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70095", "title": "Hard drugs", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70097", "revid": "8168", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70097", "title": "Greek Mythology", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70098", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70098", "title": "Mescaline", "text": "\"Mescaline\"' (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a chemical substance. It occurs naturally in some cactuses, like the Peyote cactus, the Peruvian Torch cactus or the San Pedro cactus. Small amounts of it can also be found in certain members of the Fabaceae (bean) family, like Acacia berlandieri.\nThe chemical can cause hallucinations. In has been used as a drug in Native American religious ceremonies. It is illegal in many countries. Some people use it as an illegal drug.\nMescaline is used primarily as a recreational drug and is also used to supplement various types of meditation and psychedelic therapy. It is classified as a schedule I drug in the U.S., making it illegal in all forms; however, it remains legal in certain religious ceremonies registered by the Native American Church. Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.\nUse in Pregnancy.\nAccording to the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), researchers have found that mescaline found in peyote may affect the fetus of a pregnant woman using the drug."}
+{"id": "70099", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70099", "title": "3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70100", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70100", "title": "Psilocybin", "text": "Psilocybin is a chemical substance. It can cause hallucinations when eaten, and has also been found to reverse psychological conditioning, grow brain cells and heal the brain. It occurs in many kinds of fungi and mushrooms, most notably Psilocybin mushrooms. Most of these are known as psychedelic mushrooms. It grows in Europe, South America, Mexico, and the United States. Mushrooms that contain psilocybin are known as magic mushrooms.\nThe substance is used as a recreational drug. It is illegal in many countries.\nPsilocybin works by activating serotonin receptors, most often in the prefrontal cortex. This part of the brain affects mood, cognition, and perception. Hallucinogens also work in other regions of the brain that regulate arousal and panic responses.\nThe hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin usually occur within 30 minutes after a person ingests it and last 4\u20136 hours. In some individuals, changes in sensory perception and thought patterns can last for several days.\nIn 2016, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers first reported that treatment with psilocybin under psychologically supported conditions significantly relieved existential anxiety and depression in people."}
+{"id": "70101", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70101", "title": "Ketamine", "text": "Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic. It is a type of drug a doctor might give to put someone to sleep for an operation. Ketamine can also be used as a painkiller and a bronchodilator (which makes it easier for air to get into the lungs). In some countries it is used as an analgesic, for fast pain relief such as in bone fractures and in children. It has been or is starting to be used for pain relief both as a replacement for or use with opiates such as morphine with varing success. \nIt can lead to side effects when used medically. The profile of these side effects are generally the opposite of morphine, but the dose of ketamine is lower than a recreational dose and it is not usually enough to cause a high. Sometimes it can lead to a special type of hallucination which makes people feel detached, which is why some people use it as a recreational drug. As it can have severe side effects, it is usually not available as an over-the-counter drug.\nKetamine was developed in 1962 as a rapid-acting dissociative anesthetic that was used in surgery. It was approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration in 1970. Unfortunately, abuse began along the West Coast and spread across the country by the 1980s. The illicit market produced new forms of the drug, available as powder, capsules, crystal rocks, tablets, and injectable solutions. The drug is largely abused by sniffing or by mouth.\nMedical use.\nThe World Health Organization lists ketamine as an essential medicine, especially as an anesthetic and analgesic. With medical supervision, ketamine is a better surgical anesthetic than many others, and it is safer for a wider range of patients such as opiate tolerant ones. It is also the anesthetic of choice in veterinary surgery. In medicine ketamine is normally injected into a vein or muscle. Most anaesthetics suppress breathing, resulting in the need for a machine to help breathing. Ketamine does not.This can make it a useful anaesthetic if there is no equipment available, for example, in a war zone.\nSide effects.\nShort term.\nShort term side effects happen in about 40% of people and include:\nLong term.\nIn the medical setting ketamine is only given a few times so most long term effects mentioned below are found in recreational ketamine users and animal models.\nUrinary tract effects.\nThere are reports of people with problems in their urinary tract due to using ketamine.\nSymptoms include:\nThese urinary tract problems are most common in people who have abused ketamine daily for a long time.\nNeurological effects.\nPeople who abuse ketamine a lot (more than 4 times a week) have been found to have impaired memory and increased depression when compared to people who don't abuse ketamine. Those who use ketamine less frequently (1-4 times per week)and those who had stopped taking ketamine showed no difference. This suggests that these problems with memory and mood do not affect infrequent users and might be reversible once ketamine use is stopped.\nA study (from 2012) used monkeys as a model to see if ketamine is toxic to the brain.\nThe study found that injecting the monkeys every day for 6 months with ketamine caused more cells to die in the front of their brain and also caused a decrease in activity in the areas of the brain which control movement.\nResearch.\nTreating addiction.\nOne study by Evgeny Krupitsky found that using ketamine along with psychotherapy and group therapy was a lot more effective at treating alcohol addiction than the traditional treatment. He found that ketamine might also be useful for treating heroin addiction. Patients who had been treated for their addiction with multiple sessions of ketamine fared much better than those who had only had one session of ketamine with abstinence rates of 50% and 22.2% respectively.\nAs an antidepressant.\nSome studies have been done which found that a single dose of ketamine was able to improve treatment resistant depression after just a few hours with the effects lasting for one week. The rapid anti-depressant effects of ketamine may prove to be a useful alternative compared to current anti-depressants which can take several weeks to have their effects. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy has become popular.\nComplex regional pain syndrome.\nCRPS is a disease that causes severe pain and swelling, getting worse over time. Some studies have been done which suggest that ketamine might be useful as a painkiller for CRPS."}
+{"id": "70102", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70102", "title": "Diazepam", "text": "Diazepam (brand names: Valium, Dialar, Diazemuls, Diazepam Desitin, Diazepam RecTubes, Stesolid and Tensium) is a benzodiazepine. It acts to reduce anxiety (as an anxiolytic medication). \nIt is made mostly to treat anxiety, certain forms of epilepsy, muscle spasms (seizures), fits, and sleeping problems. It can also be taken to help people relax before an operation or other medical or dental treatments. This is known as a pre-med. Compared to similar medications, its half-life is on the longer end.\nIt works by increasing the levels of a calming chemical in the brain called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). Like with other benzodiazepines, there is a risk of addiction if it is used for long periods of time. For this reason the drug used for 2-4 weeks maximum to avoid dependence.\nDiazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche. It has been one of the most prescribed medications in the world since 1963 many times. In 1985, the patent ended. There are now 500 or more brands available on the market. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. \nPrescribing.\nIt has been the most prescribed medicine in the United States many times. It was the best-selling medication between 1968 and 1982 in America. There, it sold more than 2 billion tablets in 1978 alone. In 2022, it was the 169th most popular medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. \nUse.\nIt is sometimes used recreationally to cause a calming effect. Diazepam has caused huge problems in Scotland in the past. "}
+{"id": "70103", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70103", "title": "Fluoxetine", "text": "Fluoxetine hydrochloride, also known by its trade name Prozac, is an antidepressant medication. It is used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder, bulimia and other disorders. Fluoxetine is one of a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). There are newer drugs available to treat these conditions. Fluoxetine remains very popular still. \nFluoxetine was invented by Eli Lilly and Company in 1972 and entered medical use in 1986. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 22nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 24 million prescriptions. It is the third most prescribed antidepressant.\nFluoxetine taken during pregnancy is said to cause significant increase in congenital heart defects in newborn babies but most babies born to women taking prozac have a normal heart. It has been suggested that fluoxetine therapy may be continued during breastfeeding if it was used during pregnancy or if other antidepressants have not been effective. The drug passes into breastmilk and may cause side effects in nursing babies, so it is important to ask the doctor or midwife for advice on taking it during or after pregnancy. "}
+{"id": "70106", "revid": "36199", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70106", "title": "Portable Document Format", "text": "The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format for storing documents on a computer. Adobe created it in 1993 to make it easier to exchange documents. PDF is often used to make documents print-ready. PDF documents can have stylised text and images in them.\nThe document is stored in such a way that the content does not change the way it looks on different screens, computers and printers as can happen with other file formats. \nPDF is an open standard that was officially published on July 1, 2008 by the ISO.\nPDF reader software is required to read PDF documents."}
+{"id": "70111", "revid": "1291270", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70111", "title": "Prozac", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70112", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70112", "title": "Fluoxetine hydrochloride", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70117", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70117", "title": "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev", "text": ""}
+{"id": "70118", "revid": "932285", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=70118", "title": "Ascension Island", "text": "Ascension Island is an isolated and relatively young volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean, some west of the mid-Atlantic Ridge, from Liberia (Cape Palmas), and from Brazil (Recife). The nearest land is Saint Helena, to the south-east.\nThe Ascension Island is named after the day of its recorded discovery, Ascension Day. It is part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, of which the main island is St Helena.\nThe island is the location of a Royal Air Force station with a United States Air Force presence, a European Space Agency station and the BBC World Service Atlantic Relay Station. There is in the island one antenna of the five that assist in the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigational system (others are on Kwajalein Island, Diego Garcia, Colorado Springs and Hawaii).\nHistory.\nThe Galician explorer Jo\u00e3o da Nova, working for Portugal, saw the Ascension island in the South Atlantic in 1501, when he was going to India; named it \"ilha da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o\" (Conception Island). En 1503 when the Portuguese navigator Afonso de Albuquerque saw the island on Ascension Day, in the church calendar, he named it after the feast day.\nOrganised settlement of Ascension Island began in 1815, when the British sent soldiers to the island as a precaution after imprisoning Napoleon I on Saint Helena to the southeast.\nIn 1836, Charles Darwin visited the Saint Helena and Ascension islands during his voyage in the Beagle. He described Ascension as an arid treeless island, with nothing growing near the coast. Sparse vegetation inland supported \"about six hundred sheep, many goats, a few cows & horses\", and large numbers of guineafowl imported from the Cape Verde islands, as well as rats, mice and land crabs.\nIn 1843, botanist and explorer Joseph Hooker visited the island. Four years later, Hooker advised the Royal Navy that with the help of Kew Gardens, they should develop a long-term plan of shipping trees to Ascension. So, from 1850 and continuing year on year, ships came each with different plants from botanical gardens in Argentina, Europe and South Africa. By the late 1870s Norfolk pines, eucalyptus, bamboo, and banana trees grew at the highest point of the island, Green Mountain, creating a tropical forest covered with clouds.\nIn 1899, the Eastern Telegraph Company (now part of Vodafone) installed the first underwater cable from the island, connecting the UK with its colonies in South Africa. In 1922, the Ascension island was made a dependency of Saint Helena. The island was managed by the head of the Eastern Telegraph Company on the island until 1964 when the British Government appointed an Administrator to represent the Governor of Saint Helena on Ascension.\nIn 1981, the British government changed the status of Saint\u00a0Helena and the other Crown colonies to \"British Dependent Territories\".\nIn 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.\nGeography.\nThe island is roughly triangular in plan, about 13\u00a0km across, with\nan area of , and has about 100\u00a0km of coastline. While the west and north-west coasts have sandy beaches, the south and southeast coasts form steep cliffs.\nThe highest point of the island is Green Mountain, or just \"The Peak\" (), which is high. Other high mountains are Weather Post (680 m - 1,995\u00a0ft), White Hill (525 m - 1,722\u00a0ft) and Sisters Peak (445 m - 1,460\u00a0ft).\nThere are several small islands (islets) and rocks surrounding the Ascension Island; the largest is Boatswainbird Island, north of the eastern part of the island.\nClimate.\nAscension island has a tropical but oceanic climate, with little changes from one season to another. The island is in the path of the South-East Trade Winds, and southeast and easterly winds blow for more than half of every month.\nThe K\u00f6ppen climate classification subtype for this climate is Am (\"Tropical Monsoon Climate\").\nThe temperature is constant throughout the year. Monthly average maximum temperatures at sea-level vary only between about 27\u00a0\u00b0C and 31\u00a0\u00b0C. At 660 m on Green Mountain maximum temperatures are typically about 13\u00a0\u00b0C lower and minimum temperatures about 7\u00a0\u00b0C lower than\nat sea-level. The relative humidity at sea-level is around 70%.\nThe average temperature for the year in Georgetown is 25.6\u00a0\u00b0C (78.0\u00a0\u00b0F). The warmest month, on average, is March with an average temperature of 27.8\u00a0\u00b0C (82.0\u00a0\u00b0F). The coolest month on average is August, with an average temperature of 24.4\u00a0\u00b0C (76.0\u00a0\u00b0F).\nDemographics.\nThe human population is about 1,000, made up of civilians\nworking for the RAF and USAF, and a small number of military personnel. The personnel are mainly from the UK, USA and St Helena, none of whom are permanent residents.\nThere are five settlements:\nTwo Boats School is the only school on the island and provides education to all resident children 3\u00bd\u201316 years old."}