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+{"id": "95914", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95914", "title": "Power trio", "text": "The power trio is a popular type of a rock and roll band format since the 1960s. The usual power trio has three people playing the guitar, bass, and drums. It does not include the rhythm guitar or keyboard often included in other rock music. In more recent years, the term has come to mean any type of a three-person band."}
+{"id": "95921", "revid": "844779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95921", "title": "Gillian Welch", "text": "Gillian Howard Welch (born October 2, 1967 in New York City) is an American singer-songwriter. Her musical style combines bluegrass, country, and folk into a style she calls \"American Primitive\"."}
+{"id": "95922", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95922", "title": "David Rawlings", "text": "David Todd Rawlings is a United States guitarist. He is best known as the musical partner of bluegrass singer-songwriter Gillian Welch. Rawlings has also been a record producer, producing albums such as those by Welch and other artists like Old Crow Medicine Show."}
+{"id": "95937", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95937", "title": "Meitnerium", "text": "Meitnerium is a chemical element in the periodic table. Its atomic number is 109. It is not found on earth naturally. Because of this, it needs to be made in a science laboratory. Its half life, or the amount of time it takes for half of the element to go away is a little over one second. Meitnerium was first made in 1982. \nThe element is named in honor of Lise Meitner (1878-1968).\nThe two letter abbreviation is \"Mt\" and is a solid. Nobody knows for sure what meitnerium looks like, but scientists think it is a white, gray, or silver color."}
+{"id": "95940", "revid": "568017", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95940", "title": "4-1-1", "text": "4-1-1 is a telephone number in the United States and Canada. 411 is called to get help or information on something, for example what the address of a building is, or the telephone number of a company."}
+{"id": "95958", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95958", "title": "The Convent (Gibraltar)", "text": "The Convent has been the home of the Governor of Gibraltar since 1728. The building is located near the southern end of Main Street. It is said to be haunted by the ghost of a nun."}
+{"id": "95964", "revid": "36199", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95964", "title": "Pomp and Circumstance Marches", "text": "The \"Pomp and Circumstance Marches\" are a group of five marches for orchestra composed by Sir Edward Elgar. Their full title is: \"Pomp and Circumstance Military Marches\"). Elgar started to write a sixth march, but never finished it.\nThe first of the marches is especially famous and has a tune which is one of the best known tunes in Britain. It is often sung to the words \" Land of Hope and Glory\".\nThe title.\nThe title \u201cPomp and Circumstance\u201dis taken from Act III, Scene iii of Shakespeare's \"Othello\":\n<poem>Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump,\nThe spirit-stirring drum, th'ear-piercing fife, \nThe royal banner, and all quality,\nPride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war!\"</poem>\nThe marches.\nThe \"Pomp and Circumstance\" marches are\nThe first five were all published by Boosey & Co. as Elgar's Op.\u00a039. Elgar dedicated each march to one of his musical friends.\nEach march takes about five minutes to play.\n\" March No. 1 in D \" is the best known of the set. It was completed, together with March No. 2, in 1901, soon after the first performance of his \u201cDream of Gerontius\u201d which had been badly performed. Elgar dedicated it to Alfred Rodewald who conducted its first performance with the Liverpool Orchestra Society on 19 October 1901. Both marches were played two days later at a Promenade Concert in the Queen's Hall London, conducted by Henry Wood. Elgar knew that the audience would love the big tune in the middle of March No. 1, so that march was played second. Henry Wood tells in his autobiography that \u201cthe people simply rose and yelled. I had to play it again \u2013 with the same result; in fact, they refused to let me get on with the programme\u2026.merely to restore order, I played the march a third time.\u201d \nThe next year King Edward VII was due to be crowned in June. The King liked the big tune, and wanted it performed with words at the coronation. So Elgar used it at the end of his \"Coronation Ode\" with words by A.C. Benson. The coronation did not take place because the king became ill just before the big day. \"Land of Hope and Glory\" was sung in June 1902 by Clara Butt, and the whole Ode was performed in Sheffield four months later.\nIn Britain \"Land of Hope and Glory\" is sung every year at the Last Night of the Proms in the Royal Albert Hall as part of the Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1.\nThe words are:\nIn the United States the tune is sometimes known as \"Pomp and Circumstance\" or as \"The Graduation March\", and is played as the processional tune at high school and college graduation ceremonies.\n\" March No. 2 in A minor \" was dedicated to the composer Granville Bantock\". It was first performed at the same concert as March No. 1. It the shortest and simplest of the marches.\n\" March No. 3 in C minor \" was finished in November 1904 and published in 1905. It was dedicated to Ivor Atkins\". It was first performed on 8 March 1905, in the Queen's Hall, London, conducted by the composer. It sounds quite serious at first, then it becomes very energetic.\n\" March No. 4 in G \" is very grand, like No. 1. Again there is a big tune in the middle. It was dedicated to Dr. G. Robertson Sinclair, the organist of Hereford Cathedral. It was first performed on 24 August 1907, in the Queen's Hall, London, conducted by Elgar himself.\n\" March No. 5 in C \", composed in 1930, was dedicated to Percy Hull, a friend from Hereford. It has some brilliant orchestral effects.\n\" March No. 6 in G minor \" was started, but when Elgar died there were only sketches left. The musician Anthony Payne recently discovered some more sketches for it in the library of the Royal School of Church Music. He finished composing in the way that Elgar might have done, and the work was first performed on 2 August 2006 with Andrew Davis conducting the BBC Symphony Orchestra at The Proms at Royal Albert Hall."}
+{"id": "95967", "revid": "19530", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95967", "title": "704 Interamnia", "text": "704 Interamnia is a very big asteroid. Scientists think it is 350 kilometers wide. Its mean distance from the Sun is 3.067 (AU). It was found on October 2, 1910 by Vincenzo Cerulli. It is named after the Latin name for Teramo, Italy, which is where Cerulli worked. It is the fifth heaviest asteroid after Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygiea, and scientists think that it makes up 2.0% of the mass of the whole asteroid belt.\nCharacteristics.\nAlthough the biggest asteroid apart from the \"big four\", Interamnia is not studied a lot. \nIt is easily the biggest of the F-type asteroids, but there are few details of what the inside is made of or shape and no lightcurve analysis has been done to find out the ecliptic coordinates of Interamnia's poles (and its axial tilt). Its apparently high bulk density (though subject to much error) suggests a very solid body entirely without internal porosity or traces of water. This also strongly suggests that Interamnia is big enough to have withstood all the collisions that have happened in the asteroid belt since the Solar System was made.\nIts very dark surface and fairly far distance from the Sun means Interamnia can never be seen with 10x50 binoculars. At most oppositions its magnitude is around +11.0, which is less than the \"minimum\" brightness of Vesta, Ceres or Pallas. Even at a near-perihelion opposition its magnitude is only around +9.9, which is over four magnitudes lower than Vesta.\nIts orbit is a more eccentric than Hygiea (15% versus 12%) but is different because Hygiea's orbit is much more inclined and takes less time to complete one orbit. Another difference is that Interamnia's perihelion is at the other side of the perihelia of the \"big four\", so that Interamnia at perihelion is actually closer to the Sun than Ceres and Pallas are at the same longitude. It is unlikely to collide with Pallas because their nodes are located too far apart. Although its nodes are located on the opposite side from those of Ceres, it is generally far from Ceres when both cross the same orbital plane and a collision is again unlikely."}
+{"id": "95975", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95975", "title": "River Ocoa", "text": "The River Ocoa is a river in the southern side of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. It is long. It flows through mountains except near its end in the Caribbean Sea.\nName.\nOcoa is a Ta\u00edno word that means \"a place with mountains\". \"Coa\" meant \"place\" and \"o\" meant, in some cases, \"mountain\".\nCourse.\nThe source of the Ocoa is at the La Chorreosa mountain (also known as La Chorriosa), on the eastern side of Valle Nuevo (Cordillera Central). It flows through the San Jos\u00e9 de Ocoa province. After that, it forms part of the limits between the Azua and Peravia provinces.\nIt ends at the eastern side of Ocoa Bay, on the Caribbean Sea.\nThe city of San Jos\u00e9 de Ocoa is the most important city near the river. Other towns are Las Carreras, Sabana Buey and Villa Fundaci\u00f3n, in the Peravia province, and Palmar de Ocoa in the Azua province, near its mouth. The water of the river is used for irrigation in those towns. It is not used for the houses because it has too much solid materials because mountains have very few trees.\nThe most important tributaries are Banilejo, Canal and Arroyo Parra, all in the higher part of the river. There is not any important tributary in the lower part.\nIn history.\nIn the 16th century, sugar cane was grown near the mouth of the river to produce sugar.\nIn April 1849, there was an important battle (the \"Battle of Las Carreras\") here during the Dominican-Haitian War. The fight was on the western side of the river in Las Carreras, a place at about from the mouth. The Dominican army won the battle against the Haitian army."}
+{"id": "95979", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95979", "title": "Louise Michel", "text": "Louise Michel (29 May 1830 \u2013 9 January 1905) was a French anarchist, school teacher and medical worker. She sometimes used the pseudonym \"Cl\u00e9mence\" and was also known as \"the red virgin of Montmartre\".\nLife.\nLouise Michel was born at the Ch\u00e2teau of Vroncourt (Haute-Marne) on 29 May 1830, the daughter of Marianne Michel, and of Etienne Charles Demahis. She was brought up by her father's parents, and received a libertaria education. After her grandfather's death in 1850 she was trained to teach, but after few times she saw that Napoleon III prevented her from serving in a state school. She became violently anti-Bonapartist, and is said to have thought about the assassination of Napoleon III. She became anarchist in 1866 to a school in the Montmartre quarter of Paris, where she saw that his destiny was to work for charity and follow the revolution.\nParis.\nShe was active during the Paris Commune as an ambulance woman, she helped mutilated or injured on the barricades. During the Siege of Paris she was in resistance against the Prussians. On the establishment of the Commune, she joined the National Guard. She offered to shoot Thiers, and suggested the destruction of Paris for its surrender.\nShe was with the Communards who made their last stand in the cemetery of Montmartre, and was closely allied with Th\u00e9ophile Ferr\u00e9, who was executed in November 1871. Michel dedicated a moving farewell poem to Ferr\u00e9, \"l\u2019\u0153illet rouge\" (\"The Red Carnation\"). It is without a doubt that upon learning of this loss, Victor Hugo dedicated his poem to Michel, \"Viro Major\". This ardent attachment was perhaps one of the sources of the exaltation which marked her career, and gave many handles to her enemies. After December 1871, she began composing revolutionary propaganda; demanding assistance for poor people, other measures which threatened the government, and calls for the disenfranchised to arm themselves. She herself took up arms as well and donned a military style uniform. She never renounced the Commune, and after various legal maneuvers city judges sentenced her to death. She spent twenty months in prison and was sentenced to deportation.\nDeportation.\nShe was put onto the ship \"Virginie\" on the 8th of August, 1873, to be deported. She arrived in New Caledonia 4 months later. On board, she met Henri Rochefort, a famous polemist, who became her friend until her death. She also met Nathalie Lemel, another figure active in the commune. Louise was in New Caledonia for seven years. She refused special treatment reserved for women. In 1878, she was a leader in a revolt. The following year, she received authorisation to become a teacher in Noum\u00e9a for the children of the deported\u2014among them many Kabyles (Kabyles du Pacifique) from Cheikh Mokrani's rebellion (1871)\u2014and later in schools for girls.\nReturn to France.\nMichel returned to Paris in 1880 after amnesty was given to the Communards. Her revolutionary spirit never died and she controlled freely a libertarian school. She travelled everywhere in France, supporting revolution. In 1883, she led a Paris mob which pillaged a baker's shop. For this she was given six years imprisonment, but was released in 1886, at the same time as Kropotkin and other prominent anarchists. After a short period of freedom she was again arrested for speaking bad about the social system.\nShe was soon free again, but, hearing that her enemies hoped to put her in a lunatic asylum, she went to England in 1890. She returned to France in 1895, taking part in the revolt made by the Dreyfuss affair in 1898. Few months ago she was constantly followed by the police, until she died in \"Room 11\", in the Hotel Oasis, Marseilles on 10 January 1905.\nThe women in the social.\nMichel became highly admired by French workers and revolutionaries, particularly for her association with the Paris Commune. From after her death until 1916, a demonstration was held every year at her tomb at Levallois-Perret. Frequently, the language used to describe her is that reserved for saints and heretics; she is often referred to as \"\"Bonne Louise\" (Good Louise) or the \"Vierge rouge\"\" (red Virgin). She was always respected same in periods when women were without right.\nThe Metr\u00f2.\nOn 1 May 1946, the Parisian \"m\u00e9tro\" station \"Vallier\" was renamed Louise Michel, see: Louise Michel (Paris Metro)."}
+{"id": "95981", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95981", "title": "Louise Michel (Paris M\u00e9tro)", "text": "Louise Michel is a station of the Paris M\u00e9tro, serving Line 3. It is located in the commune of Levallois-Perret northwest of the French capital, Paris.\nHistory.\nBefore 1946, this station was named \"Vallier\" after a mountain (2839m)in the Pyrenees near the Val d'Aran. \nThe station was renamed on May 1, 1946 to \"Louise Michel\", in honour of the French anarchist and communarde."}
+{"id": "95983", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95983", "title": "Louise Michel Battalions", "text": "Two battalions (made up of volunteer troops) of French-speaking people in the International Brigades of the Spanish Civil War against fascism, were named after Louise Michel, a heroine of the 1871 Paris Commune."}
+{"id": "95985", "revid": "1398040", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95985", "title": "Idol", "text": "An idol is a religious item that represents a god. It can also mean someone who is admired by many people, like a pop idol. Idolatry refers to the worship of idols.\nChristians disagree about what idolatry is. Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy see Christian art and icons as good, because they see Christ's Incarnation as having made images of God lawful. However many Protestants regard much Catholic art as idolatry.\nThis is due to differences in the understanding of the Ten Commandments. \"You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.\" (RSV Exodus 20:3-6)\nIslamic art is often based on Geometric abstraction or calligraphy to avoid idolatry, but Jewish art is somewhat broader. Hindus have murtis, a term often translated as \"idols\"."}
+{"id": "95988", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95988", "title": "Jehovah", "text": "Jehovah is the conversion of the Hebrew (YHWH) to Latin. YHWH is the personal name of God in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Old Testament to Christians.\nThe majority of scholars agree that the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton is possibly\u2014but most likely\u2014Yahweh. The pronunciation of this name was simply lost because in Second Temple Judaism during the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE, saying this name began to be discouraged because it was \"too holy\". So instead of saying YHWH, Jews used other ways to refer to their God, like \"Adonai\"."}
+{"id": "95993", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95993", "title": "Yahweh", "text": "Yahweh was the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. His worship may have started at least at the early Iron Age, and most likely to the Late Bronze Age (if not earlier.) In the oldest writings of the Bible (Torah) he has characteristics that typical weather and war gods have, like making the land bear fruit and sending his heavenly armies to go against Israel's enemies. The early people of Israel were polytheistic and worshipped not Yahweh alone but a lot of Canaanite gods and goddesses. These include El, Asherah, and Baal. In later centuries, the deities of El and Yahweh were combined, and because of this, Yahweh won the qualities of El. This made titles that were supposed to be only applied to El, like El Shaddai, be applied to Yahweh alone. Other Caananite gods and goddesses, such as Baal and Asherah, were absorbed into the Yahwism fully."}
+{"id": "95998", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=95998", "title": "Tetragrammaton", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96002", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96002", "title": "Catholic Encyclopedia", "text": "The Catholic Encyclopedia, or the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English language encyclopedia. It was published by The Encyclopedia Press. The first volume appeared in March 1907. It was completed in April 1914.\nThe encyclopedia was designed for the Roman Catholic Church. It does not include information which has nothing to do with the Church. It explains matters from the point of view of the official Catholic doctrine, as it was during the time of Pope Pius X. It tells the accomplishments of Catholics and some others in nearly all intellectual and professional pursuits. These include artists, educators, poets and scientists."}
+{"id": "96003", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96003", "title": "Faith", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96015", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96015", "title": "Bright Eyes", "text": "Bright Eyes may mean several different things:"}
+{"id": "96022", "revid": "1298765", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96022", "title": "Stanley, Falkland Islands", "text": "Stanley (also known as Port Stanley or Puerto Argentino) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is found on the island of East Falkland and has a population of 2,000 (2/3 of the total population of the Falkland Islands of 3,000). Stanley is the biggest settlement and only town in the Falkland Islands. Stanley was the sight of fighting in the 1982 Falklands War, where Argentinian forces captured Government House, the seat of the Falklands Government. It has an airport and a seaport. Cruise ships going through the South Atlantic often make a stop in Stanley, which has a small tourism industry to serve cruise ship passengers and others visiting the islands."}
+{"id": "96023", "revid": "1467751", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96023", "title": "Numismatics", "text": "Numismatics is the study and collecting of coins and the history behind the coins. A Numismatist is either a collector of coins or a scholar who studies the history of coins.\nOrigin of Word.\nThe term comes from a word meaning \"of coins.\" The original word is French (numismatique), which itself is from a Latin origin (numismatis).\nHistory of Numismatics.\nCoin collectors may have existed in ancient times. Caesar Augustus may have been an example. The first known book about coin collecting was in 1514, \"De Asse et Partibus\", by Guillaume Bud\u00e9. However, only royalty really enjoyed coin collecting until the 19th century. That's when professional organizations started to sprout, like the American Numismatic Society in 1858.\nModern Numismatics.\nModern numismatics is a sub-field that focuses on when coins started being stamped by machines (around 17th century on). Because of its focus, modern numismatics is more popular with collectors than with historians. Other subfields/variants include exonumia (focus on coin-like objects), notaphily (focus on paper money instead of coins), and scripophily (focus on stocks and bonds instead of coins)."}
+{"id": "96024", "revid": "10629", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96024", "title": "Philatelist", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96025", "revid": "572554", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96025", "title": "Philately", "text": "Philately is the study and collection of postage stamps and postal history."}
+{"id": "96026", "revid": "10629", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96026", "title": "Gibralter", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96028", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96028", "title": "Charles of Valois", "text": "Charles of Valois (March 12, 1270 \u2013 December 16, 1325) started the House of Valois as the first Count of Valois. He was the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary. He was part the Capetian dynasty."}
+{"id": "96029", "revid": "731605", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96029", "title": "David Cameron", "text": "David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton, (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician and the 68th Foreign Secretary from 2023 to 2024. He was the 53rd Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016. He was First Lord of the Treasury and 14th Leader of the Conservative Party until July 2016.\nOn 24 June 2016, following a vote in a referendum to leave the European Union, Cameron announced that he would step down before the October 2016 Conservative Party Conference to make way for a new Prime Minister. After Theresa May became the only candidate in the elections, she became the designated Prime Minister. Cameron later announced he would resign on 13 July and was replaced by May.\nEarly life and career.\nDavid Cameron was born at The London Clinic in Marylebone, London, and grew up in Peasemore, Berkshire. He went to Eton College, a private school for boys, when he was thirteen. He has a brother, Alexander Cameron and two sisters. He then studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at the University of Oxford. He has Scottish, Welsh, English, Irish and German Jewish descent. He worked as a researcher for Carlton TV, and as an adviser for Conservative politicians Norman Lamont and Michael Howard. He first became a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) at the 2001 General Election for the constituency of Witney, after making an unsuccessful attempt to become an MP during the 1997 General Election. He briefly entered the shadow cabinet in 2005, before being elected leader of the Conservative Party in December 2005.\nPrime Minister (2010\u20132016).\nCameron led the Conservatives through the 2010 general election, where it received the highest share of the vote and more seats than any other party, but did not get enough votes to form a government by themselves. A Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government was formed, and David Cameron became Prime Minister on 11 May 2010. He is Britain's youngest Prime Minister for over 200 years. Since being elected, Cameron's government has declared \u00a36.2 billion worth of cuts to help reduce the budget deficit. He was re-elected as Prime Minister in 2015. His party got 36.9% of the vote, a majority. The Liberal Democrats only got 7.9% so the coalition between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats ended.\nOn 24 June 2016, following a vote in a referendum to leave the European Union, Cameron announced that he would step down before the October 2016 Conservative Party Conference to make way for a new Prime Minister. Cameron announced he would resign on July 13, after Theresa May became the designated Prime Minister.\nForeign Secretary (2023\u20132024).\nOn 13 November 2023, there was a cabinet reshuffle in which former Home Secretary Suella Braverman was dismissed and replaced by former Foreign Secretary James Cleverly. Cameron replaced Cleverly as Foreign Secretary. In addition to his role, a life peerage was given to Cameron, making him a member of the House of Lords and the first Prime Minister to receive a peerage since Margaret Thatcher.\nAfter the Conservatives lost the 2024 general election in a landslide to the opposition Labour Party led by Keir Starmer, Cameron was replaced by David Lammy, whom he congratulated. He announced a few days later that he would be retiring from frontline politics while continuing to support the party.\nPersonal life.\nHe is married to Samantha Cameron, and they have 4 children. His son Ivan was born with disabilities and died when he was six. Nancy Gwen was born in 2004. His youngest child, Florence, was born on holiday in Cornwall. Because she was born in St. Endellion, they decided to make her middle name Endellion.\nHe said on Channel 4 News in 2013 that he is a feminist, but some people don't agree. During a debate with MP Angela Eagle at Prime Minister's Questions in April 2011 he told her to \"calm down, dear\". Some people found this rude, and have used it to claim he is not a feminist."}
+{"id": "96031", "revid": "1661516", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96031", "title": "House of Bourbon", "text": "The House of Bourbon is an important royal house of Europe. Kings from the House of Bourbon ruled France from 1589 to 1792 and again from 1815 to 1848. This is a younger branch of the Capetian dynasty. Members of the House of Bourbon also ruled Naples, Sicily, and Parma in the past. Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and King Felipe VI of Spain are both part of the House of Bourbon.\nBranches.\nAll of these branches descended from three legitimate grandsons of Louis XIV."}
+{"id": "96033", "revid": "8492423", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96033", "title": "Camelot", "text": "In the legends of King Arthur, Camelot is Arthur's castle. In fiction about the Middle Ages, Arthur rules Scotland from Camelot and holds feasts at his round table. The round table, which has no legs or head, symbolized the idea of a good king because every knight who sat at it had an equal place. Since Camelot's original place is still uncertain, the truth about it, if it ever existed, is still unknown. Camelot once held many great things such as The Holy Grail, The Holy Sword Excalibur and The Round Table which brought Arthur's best knights together. \nThe end of Camelot was caused by Sir Lancelot's and Queen Guinevere's love affair, which forced Camelot to plunge into civil-war."}
+{"id": "96039", "revid": "3609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96039", "title": "Razzie Awards", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96043", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96043", "title": "Oriental Studies", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96050", "revid": "1687111", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96050", "title": "University of Hawai\u02bbi", "text": "The University of Hawaii is a group of public colleges and universities in Hawaii established in 1907. There are three universities, seven community colleges, an employment training center, four education centers and some research laboratories:"}
+{"id": "96051", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96051", "title": "Cowlitz River", "text": "Cowlitz River is a river in the state of Washington in the United States. The river is a tributary of the larger Columbia River. There are several mountains near the river including Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Adams. "}
+{"id": "96053", "revid": "618792", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96053", "title": "Siege of Yorktown", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96060", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96060", "title": "Alexandre Dumas", "text": "Alexandre Dumas can mean one of two people"}
+{"id": "96061", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96061", "title": "Alexandre Dumas, pere", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96063", "revid": "1539758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96063", "title": "Leonidas I", "text": "Leonidas I (; c. 530 BC\u2013480 BC) was a king of the Greek city-the state of Sparta from about 490 BC until his death in 480. The Spartans and associates defended the pass at Thermopylae against the Persian army. \nAlthough Leonidas lost the battle, his death at Thermopylae was seen as a heroic sacrifice. Leonidas sent most of his army away when he realized that the Persians had outmaneuvered him. Three hundred of his fellow Spartans stayed with him to fight to the death. Almost everything that is known about Leonidas comes from the work of the Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484\u2013c. 425 BC)\nThermopylae.\nInvasion of Greece.\nIn 480 BC, the Persians with their king Xerxes attacked Greece. When the Greeks asked the Spartans to join their army against the Persians, the Spartans went to the Oracle at Delphi. The Oracle gave a prophecy. It said that either Sparta would fall or the Spartans would lose a king.\nFighting back.\nIn August 480 BC, Leonidas went to Thermopylae with only 300 of his bodyguards. Other Greek forces joined him there and formed an army of 4,000 soldiers. This army would try to hold the pass of Thermopylae against the great army of Xerxes I, King of Persia.\nSiege.\nLeonidas and his men held Thermopylae for three days. On the third day, a Greek traitor named Ephialtes led the Persian army behind the Spartans. It was then that Leonidas sent away all the Greek troops except 700 Thespians, who refused to leave. The small Greek force was attacked from both sides. They fought hard but finally they were all killed. Xerxes told his men to remove Leonidas' head and put it on a stake. He also told them to crucify his body. Now, there is a monument near Leonidas\u2019 death site. It has the following inscription:\nAfter the battle.\nOnly two Spartans survived that battle. One was Kirtanian. He was injured and sent behind the rest of the soldiers. The other was Pantites. He was sent by Leonidas to get help in Thessaly. He did not get back to Thermopylae until after the battle was done. At the end, he hanged himself because he was harassed and often referred as a coward."}
+{"id": "96064", "revid": "631927", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96064", "title": "Shrapnel", "text": "Shrapnel is small chunks of broken objects, such as concrete and metal, that is around an explosive, usually as part of a container. When the explosive goes off, the shrapnel flies out in all directions with a similar effect to a bullet. Nail bombs work like this."}
+{"id": "96066", "revid": "1686081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96066", "title": "Nail bomb", "text": "A nail bomb is a weapon that is made of a bag of nails with an bomb inside. When the bomb goes off, the nails fly out in all directions, like bullets. They are usually used by suicide bombers, insurgents, and terrorists."}
+{"id": "96067", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96067", "title": "Introduced species", "text": "An introduced species is an living thing that is not native to a given place. It has been brought there by human activities. People may have brought the living thing by accident or on purpose. The introduced species can cause problems when it becomes a pest in the new place. It may damage the ecosystem of the new place. This damage can be to other animals, plants and also human activity.\nOne introduced species is the tilapia. It is a fish that comes from warm freshwater areas of Africa, North and South America, India and Sri Lanka. It has been taken to other areas because it is good for fish farming, and it also is a good pet for an aquarium. When the fish is released into other parts of the world, it quickly takes over from the native fish. It can do this because it breeds quickly, eats all the available food, and eats the eggs and babies of native fish. This can cause the water to become so muddy, that the native fish cannot live. Tilapia has been listed as one of the 100 worst introduced species. A person owning or selling one in Australia could be fined up to AU$11,000.\nAn introduced species may have a great advantage over the native species. They usually come in without the predators and parasites which they suffer in their old environment. This allows them to have young quickly. Fire ants and Africanized honeybees became invasive insects in the 20th century."}
+{"id": "96068", "revid": "1269178", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96068", "title": "Bunker", "text": "A bunker is a military building for fortification. They are usually built below ground. Blockhouses are like bunkers, but are built above ground. Bunkers were of big importance during World War I and World War II. Bunkers were built during the Cold War for important political people and for the general public because of the scare of a nuclear war.\nTypes of bunkers.\nThere are many different types of bunkers:\nTrench.\nA trench is long and narrow. It may be part of a big system of trenches. Soldiers often dig and use trenches. When most of the front-line soldiers use trenches, it is called trench warfare.\nPillbox.\nA pillbox is a small building made of concrete that also has small windows that people can shoot guns out of. The name came from the fact that they look like the boxes that pills came in.\nPillboxes were used a lot during World War I when defence in depth was being used. Pillboxes are most often found camouflaged so that they are harder to spot. They can also be part of a trench system, where the pillbox is a firing step that has been built to take grenade blasts and smaller mortar fire. Pillboxes were also built to help protect strategic structures such as bridges or jetties.\nIndustrial.\nIndustrial bunkers are built like regular bunkers and they can be mining sites, food storage areas, dumps for materials, data storage, and sometimes places that people live in. They were built by nations during World War II to help protect the important industries from getting bombed. Many mines in France and Germany were made into bunkers by both the Germans and the French in both World War I and World War II.\nBomb/fallout shelters.\nA bomb shelter or fallout shelter is a type of bunker, usually civilian bunker, used for protection against nuclear weapons and the toxic radiation \"fallout\" they leave behind. These shelters run the gammit from modified storm shelters to vast underground cities\nFamous bunkers.\nFamous bunkers include the World War II V-weapon buildings in Germany (e.g., Mittelwerk, La Coupole, and \u00c9perlecques) and the Cold War buildings in the United States (Cheyenne Mountain, Site R, and The Greenbrier) and Canada (Diefenbunker)."}
+{"id": "96071", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96071", "title": "Nail-bomb", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96073", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96073", "title": "Over-harvesting", "text": "Over-harvesting means taking more from the land (or sea) than it can replace. It includes extreme farming, grazing, fishing, and using fresh water. \nOver-harvesting is harmful in the long term. Forests or wetlands are hard to replace. Damage to nature hurts animals and humans. Most wetlands are damaged by overuse as a source of drinking water, and they are sometimes drained to make farmland or land for building. A thriving and diverse ecosystem is destroyed. \nOver-harvesting also applies to animals. Population numbers may drop as a result, and species may become extinct. Overfishing is a typical example. Fishing and the shooting of deer or birds are now legal at only certain times of the year. The season in which they mate, reproduce. and lay eggs or have the young are protected. Areas of special natural beauty or scientific interest are also protected. Now, in the United Kingdom, it is illegal to take bird eggs.\nOne thing which acts against conservation is the overpopulation of the world. The greatest single reason for the world ri lose forests is that some people want the land for other purposes. A few people gain, but everyone shares the cost. That is called the tragedy of the commons."}
+{"id": "96074", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96074", "title": "Habitat fragmentation", "text": "Habitat fragmentation happens when large habitats are divided into smaller ones, separating all the species that lived there and depended on each other. \nCauses.\nHabitat fragmentation is not good because it involves some amount of habitat destruction. Plants and other organisms in these areas are destroyed and mobile animals escape from those places to find another habitat causing an excessive crowding and possible competitions among different animals."}
+{"id": "96076", "revid": "827189", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96076", "title": "Cecil (band)", "text": "Cecil was a rock band from Liverpool, England.\nHistory.\nFormation.\nCecil formed in Liverpool in 1993. The members were Ste Williams (vocals), Patrick Harrison (guitar), Ally Lambert (drums), Anthony Hughes (guitar and keyboards), and Jay Bennett (bass).\nFirst concert.\nThe band took part in a \"Battle of the Bands\". It was sponsored by Liverpool Echo who later tried to stitch the band up by putting them on the front cover under the title \"Bulger Band\", a reference to their song No Excuses that they believed, incorrectly, to be about the murder of toddler James Bulger. The band never spoke to the Liverpool Echo again. The band signed a manangement contract with Raymond Coffer. They later signed with the record label Parlophone (EMI). They released their first single \"No Excuses\" with Parlophone in October 1995.\nTours.\nThe band spent the end of 1995 and most of 1996 playing concerts in much of the United Kingdom. They played with such bands as The Levellers, Skunk Anansie, and Paw. They also played in music festivals at Donnington and T in the Park. During this time, they released their second single \"My Neck\", which was backed with an acoustic track and a piano version of the single, giving a hint of the direction they were heading in for the recording of their 2nd record.\nFirst album.\nIn 1996, their first album \"Bombar Diddlah\" was getting good reviews. It was produced by Barrett Jones of Foo Fighters.\nLater history.\nCecil spent most of 1997 writing songs, touring with the band Mansun and making their music sound even better. The changes could particularly be heard in the sound of Ste Williams' vocals. By the end of 1997, their new sound could be heard in their new release \"Red Wine At Dead Time\". They released a second album in 1998, \"Subtitles\". It did not sell as well as hoped. The band spent the next few years writing and touring sporadically, finally relocating to Seattle in 2001 to work on a third album with long time cohort Barrett Jones. After a productive 2-month stint, straight after the 9/11 bombings, the band went back home to write more songs and booked to go into Stone Gossard's (Pearl Jam) Studio Litho with Barrett to record the rest of the third record. This never happened after being dropped from their label.The band went their separate ways in March 2002 and remain firm friends, occasionally reuniting for off the cuff live shows in their native Liverpool."}
+{"id": "96081", "revid": "10166512", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96081", "title": "Christopher Marlowe", "text": "Christopher \"Kit\" Marlowe (6 February 1564\u201330 May 1593) was a major dramatist, poet, and translator of English Renaissance drama. Swinburne has written that: \"Marlowe is a Father of English Tragedy and the creator of English blank verse and therefore also the teacher and guide of Shakespeare.\" He was born the same year as Shakespeare, or at least baptised, but lived only to the age of 29, when he was murdered in a fight.\nMarlowe was the son of a shoemaker in Canterbury. Because he was smart, he got scholarships, to King's School in Canterbury at age 15, and two years later to the University of Cambridge. Marlowe was well-educated; he earned a bachelor's degree in 1584 and a master's degree in 1587. \nMarlowe's plays were both popular and controversial, while he was still alive and later. His plays deal with disturbing subjects like devil worship (\"Doctor Faustus\"), homosexuality (\"Edward II\"), and anti-Semitism (\"The Jew of Malta\"). Marlowe is generally regarded as master of blank verse.\nIn addition to seven plays, Marlowe wrote one long poem, \"Hero and Leander\", and one famous shorter poem, \"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.\"\nMarlowe's death was also highly controversial. He was killed in a fight at a tavern (similar to a pub/bar) where he was stabbed in the head. Marlowe was, or sometimes claimed to be, an atheist, at a time when atheism was a crime that could be punished by death. Some people have wondered if his death were connected with these other issues.\nUncertainty about Marlowe's death has led some people to believe that Marlowe faked his death and continued to write plays using the name \"William Shakespeare.\" This is called the \"Marlovian theory.\""}
+{"id": "96084", "revid": "1068258", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96084", "title": "Neuhof an der Zenn", "text": "Neuhof an der Zenn is a municipality in Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Bavaria in Germany."}
+{"id": "96089", "revid": "8958974", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96089", "title": "Bass clarinet", "text": "The bass clarinet is a type of clarinet, and is a woodwind single-reed instrument. The earliest record of the bass clarinet is called a 'bass tube' invented in Paris in 1772 by G. Lott. It usually has a B-flat pitch. It plays one octave lower in pitch than the normal clarinet. This means that when a bass clarinet makes a note, the note that actually sounds is an octave and a whole tone lower. There are some bass clarinets that have an A or C pitch as well as E flat, but these are not common."}
+{"id": "96090", "revid": "14677", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96090", "title": "Bass cornett", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96091", "revid": "62523", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96091", "title": "Cornett", "text": "The cornett is a brass instrument from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque times. It is also called a zink, cornetto, or by its Italian name, \"cornetto curvo\". It is different from the modern cornet, also a brass instrument. It has only one feature shared with the cornett."}
+{"id": "96094", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96094", "title": "Baoruco Province", "text": "Baoruco, also written Bahoruco (but the \"h\" is not pronounced), is a Dominican province, in the western part of the country, in the \"Hoya de Enriquillo\" valley. Its capital city is Neiba (or Neyba).\nIt was created on 1943. It was part of the Barahona province before being elevated to the category of province. It was called Baoruco because the northern side of the Sierra de Bahoruco was part of the province; with the creation of the Independecia province, that part went to the new province but the name was not changed.\nLocation.\nBaoruco is bordered to the north by the San Juan province, to the east by the Azua and Barahona provinces, and to the south and west by the Independencia province.\nHistory.\nWhen the Baoruco province was created in 1943, it was formed with the municipalities Neiba, Duverg\u00e9, La Descubierta and Tamayo. With the creation of the Independencia province in 1948, Duverg\u00e9 and La Descubierta became municipalities of the new province. Villa Jaragua became a municipality of the province in 1974, Galv\u00e1n in 1997 and Los R\u00edos in 2001.\nThe municipal districts of the province were created in:\nPopulation.\nIn (last national census), there were people living in the Baoruco province, and 69,360 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km\u00b2.\nIts population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 23th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.\n, the total estimated propulation of the province is 99,607 inhabitants.\nThe largest city of the province is Neiba, its head municipality or capital, with a population (in 2010) of 27,105 inhabitants.\nGeography.\nThe Baoruco province has a total area of . It has 2.6% of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 17th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.\nThe altitude of Neiba, provincial capital, is .\nThe Baoruco province is in the \"Hoya de Enriquillo\" valley, a very dry valley with some parts below sea level; its capital, Neiba, has an elevation of only 10 m above sea level. In this valley is the \"Lake Enriquillo\", and the northeastern part of the lake, about of third of its surface, belongs to the Baoruco province, including its small islands of Barbarita and Islita.\nThe Sierra de Neiba runs across the northern part of the province, on the border with the San Juan province.\nThe most important river in the province is the Yaque del Sur river, one of the longest in the country; it forms the eastern limit of the province and its water is used for irrigation. Other rivers are Las Mar\u00edas and Panzo.\nThe climate of the province is a tropical climate, very hot and dry in the valley, but it is cooler on the mountains. In the valley, cacti and other plants of dry regions are common. There are some rainforests in the mountains.\nThe only important road in the province goes through the southern part of the province, along the valley, and the most important towns of the province are along this road.\nMunicipalities.\nThere are five municipalities and nine municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:\nEconomy.\nThe main economic activity of the province is agriculture and the main products are plantains in Tamayo, grapes in Neiba and Los R\u00edos. On the Sierra de Neiba, coffee and beans are important products."}
+{"id": "96095", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96095", "title": "Snorri Sturluson", "text": "Snorri Sturluson (1179 \u2013 23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. He was three-time elected lawspeaker at the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He was the author of the \"Prose Edda\" or \"Younger Edda\" and the \"Heimskringla\", a history of the Norwegian kings that begins with legendary material and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history."}
+{"id": "96096", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96096", "title": "Heimskringla", "text": "Heimskringla is the best known of the old Norse kings' sagas. It was written in Old Norse in Iceland by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson (1179 \u2013 1242) ca. 1230. The name \"Heimskringla\" was first used in the 17th century, it comes from the first two words of one of the manuscripts (\"kringla heimsins\" - \"the circle of the world\").\nHeimskringla is a collection of tales about the Norwegian kings, beginning with the legendary Swedish dynasty of the Ynglingas, followed by accounts of historical Norwegian rulers from Harald Fairhair of the 9th century up to 1177."}
+{"id": "96102", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96102", "title": "County Mayo", "text": "County Mayo is a county in the province of Connacht, in Ireland. Castlebar and Ballina are the two towns with the most people living in them in the county. The highest point in Mayo and Connacht is Mweelrea.\nTowns and villages.\nThe following is a list of the towns and villages in County Mayo:"}
+{"id": "96104", "revid": "11447", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96104", "title": "Mayo", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96106", "revid": "1689044", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96106", "title": "Crash Bandicoot (series)", "text": "Crash Bandicoot is a series of platform video games developed by Radical Entertainment and published by Sierra Entertainment. The \"Crash Bandicoot\" games were first made by the video game company Naughty Dog. Since then, the series has been given to many different companies before it was kept at Radical Entertainment. The games happen in the fictional Wumpa Islands in the south of Australia. There were 15 \"Crash Bandicoot\" games in 2007, which have sold 40 million copies.\nThe main character in the \"Crash Bandicoot\" games, is also called Crash Bandicoot.\nGames.\nNaughty Dog games.\nCrash Bandicoot was created by Naughty Dog in 1996. It out in a platform game called \"Crash Bandicoot\", where Crash has to save his girlfriend Tawna from the evil doctor Neo Cortex.\nAfter \"Crash Bandicoot\", Naughty Dog made a sequel (another video game), \", where Crash saves the world from Cortex for a second time.\nIn the third game of the series, \", Crash again defeats Cortex and his friend Uka Uka, who tries to conquer the world with the help of Nefarious Tropy and his time machine. Released on PlayStation.\nThe fourth and last game made by Naughty Dog with Crash and company was \"Crash Team Racing\", a racing game where Nitros Oxide, an alien, challenged the Earth inhabitants to a cart race.\nGames after Naughty Dog.\nAfter Naughty Dog, other companies made many more games in the \"Crash Bandicoot\" series, and not only for PlayStation.\nList of \"Crash Bandicoot\" games from other companies:\nOther websites.\nAvailable:\nNo longer available:"}
+{"id": "96114", "revid": "1674404", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96114", "title": "Copt", "text": "Copts are a Christian ethno-religious group primarily found living in Egypt. The Coptic Orthodox Church is the largest denomination found in Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA-region). Copts have a distinct cultural practice and religious doctrine.\nHistory.\nThe Coptic Orthodox Church is believed to be founded by Saint Mark the Evangelist in Alexandria around 42 AD. But already before that the holy family visited Egypt. Joseph and Mary had to flee from Bethlehem with baby Jesus. It is believed that everywhere they came all paegan depictures would vanish. \nAfter its foundation by Saint Mark christianity spread fast into the heartlands of Egypt with Alexandria as capital. Connecting the Nile River, Red Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, Alexandria was one of the largest port cities in Egypt where local produces such as grains were exported to other parts of the word. Which made it easy to spread the Coptic message. Later in the Council of Nicaea organized by Emperor Constantine I in 325 C.E., the Church of Alexandria was elevated to the rank of Patriarchate alongside Rome and Jerusalem.\nThe Spread of Monastic Christianity.\nRooted in the crossroad between East and West, the Church of Alexandria consequently had a profound impact on spreading the faith to its surrounding areas. One greatest achievement of the Church of Alexandria was the spread of monasticism. The spread of monasticism can be traced back to . Having lived an ascetic life for twenty years in a cave in a desert mountain called Mt. Pispir, only eating bread, salt, and water, Anthony\u2019s action soon attracted followers who voluntarily vowed as his disciple. His disciples then carried his monastic style of teachings and approaches to all directions, including places like Palestine, Marseille, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Ethiopia, and even Ireland.\nEra of the Martyrs\u2014Religious Persecution Under the Romans.\nThe Coptic Orthodox Church is known as church of the martyrs, not only because of the many martyrs but also because of the desire of the believers to become a martyr. Under the Roman rule of Egypt the Copts were severely persecuted. This persecution came to a climax during the rule of Diocletian. He personally came to Egypt to destroy christianity, around 800.000 Copts were killed.\nUnder Islamic rule.\nThe death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD marked the start of the Rashidun Caliphate era in the Middle East. The term Rashidun literally means rightly guided; it refers to the first four Islamic caliphs who were considered rightfully elected by the ummah. Under the rule of Caliph Uthman, Rashidun Arab armies started to invade Syria, Mesopotamia, and Fars regions, the former territories of the Byzantine Empire, and the Sassanid Empire.\nA drastic change happened to the Egyptian religious milieux with the Arab conquest of Egypt by Muslim general Amr ibn al-As in 639. Initially, native Egyptian Christians were tolerated because they were Ahl al-Kitab, or the People of the Book. In return for tolerance, Christians had to pay the Jizya tax and were forbidden from entering the army. Although tolerated by the system in theory, in practice, Copts in Egypt suffered economically, and several uprisings against their Muslim overlords happened as well. Meanwhile, to suppress the uprisings, the Islamic governments from time to time confiscated church properties and imprisoned some important members of the Church. As a result, many of them converted to Islam to avoid the heavy tax. Eventually by the Ninth century, Arab Muslims gained the majority in Egypt.\nEuropean Intervention, Enlightenment, and Nationalism.\nThe French Invasion of Egypt\nWhen Napoleon Bonaparte launched his French campaign in Egypt in 1798 starting with Alexandria, several local native Copts sought this as an opportunity. A formal tax collector of the Upper Egypt under the Ottoman-mamluk rule Mu'allam Ya'qub Tadrus, for instance, became a joint commander alongside general Desiax during his conquest of Upper Egypt. After Napoleon's retreat, Ya'qub was even in charge of a Coptic legion under the French army system. Another former tax collector Mu'allim Girgis al-Gawhari served as the minister of finance under Napoleon's expedition. During his term, he donated some lands to the Coptic Church.\nAlthough individual Copts seek opportunities in the French occupation, the Coptic community as a whole remained the same as under the Ottoman rule. They were still marginalized and lack much political power outside their communities. There were only a few individual who could serve as tax collectors or government advisors occasionally, seeking for opportunities both for themselves and for their communities.\nUnder Muhammad Ali\nSince the departure of Napoleon from Egypt, the Ottoman forces soon regain control over Egypt. Many Christian Egyptians were accused of cooperating with the French army, and many of them got sentenced to death. As Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt however, Copts, alongside Armenians and Jew enjoyed an unprecedented freedom and promotion in Muhammad Ali's government. Contrary to the Millet system under the Ottomans, Muhammad Ali promoted officers based on their merit and connection to local communities. Consequently as a power broker between the government and the regional population, former tax collectors, religious figures, and military officers got promoted to Ali's government as bureaucrats. Under Ali's reform, Copts such as al-Mu'allim Ghali got promoted to Ali's financial advisor.\nCoptic Church and its Community.\nAs a continuation of the Ottoman Millet System, Coptic clergy continued to hold a great influence on its community. They were not only in charge of religious services but was also in control of meddling day-to-day activities such as legal disputes. However, since Sharia court also coexisted alongside the Coptic Jurisdiction, and Copts often switched between different courts when the law serves their interests better. In a societal sense, this can be seen as a competition between Islam and Coptic Christianity. Although to individuals, they were only opportunists who tried to maximize their rights and profits. Similar trend continues when the Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms got adopted by the Egyptian government. In this case, Copts continued to switch between affirming Coptic laws and State Laws when the terms suits their interests.\nDogma.\nTheology.\nThe main theological ideas of the Coptic Orthodox church are:\nThe Church is:\nThe seven sacraments are:\nIcons.\nAnother important theological aspect of the Coptic Orthodox Church is the use of icons. An Icon can be a picture of Jesus or a saint. But it is not just art. An icon is believed to be a vessel through which you can see the light of God. Looking at it surrounds you with the kingdom of God which is accessible through Jesus. Through an icon you can see a glimpse of eternity and God's divine light. Icons proclaim the faith of the church and serve to educate and edify.\nPatriarchy.\nThe pope of Alexandria is the patriarch or leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The first patriarch was Anianus who was Saint Mark's successor. Since then there is a uninterrupted line of patriarchs. The current patriarch is Theodore II.\nSchisms.\nDespite the elevation of the Church of Alexandria, religious persecutions were still wide spread due to multiple theological controversies throughout the entire Christian world.\nArian Controversy.\nBefore the concept of Holy Trinity was publicly announced and accepted by most Christian schools in the council of Nicaea, most churches enjoyed freedom of interpretation to the Bible and religious doctrines. Consequently, as a hot topic among theologians, discussions over the essence of God and the Christ prevailed throughout the debates. In either year 318 or 320 AD, Arius, a former presbyter (priest who preaches) in Alexandria publicly announced that the Holy Father and the Christ are different by nature. Arius's idea, known as Nontrinitarianism, holds that the Christ is distinct from the Holy Father himself and is therefore God's creation. Arius's opponent Athanasius of Alexandria and on the other hand, believed that God the Father, Christ the Son, and the Holy Spirit are consubstantial, or same in their essences.\nIn the Council of Nicaea, Holy Trinity theory was publicly acclaimed; as a result, Arius was expelled from the council and condemned as heresy. Despite Arianism was denounced as heresy, a substantial group of followers in Egypt still believed in Arius's theory, and their influence in Alexandria was still prevalent. Therefore, dispute was inevitable. For instance, Athanasios of Alexandria, although being acclaimed as a great priest by later theologians, had a bad reputation for brutally suppressing his theological opponents in Alexandria while he was the Patriarch of Alexandria. Nevertheless, as Emperor Constantine, the main supporter of the Nicene Creed, died in 337, Arianist theologians in Alexandria led by Gregory of Cappadocia organized an uprising with the support of street mobs. They soon took over the city and charged Athanasios for being an outlawed priest. As a result, Athanasios was forced to be expelled.\nChalcedonian Controversy.\nThe council of Chalcedon was about the natures of Christ. Nestorian taught that Christ was divided in two natures, God and human. His opponent Eutyche believed there was only one Godly nature. The Coptic Orthodox Church teaches one nature, a whole of God and human.\nIdentity.\nOrigin.\nThe word Copt is derived from the Greek word for an inhabitant of Egypt (\u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2): Qibt. The Copts seek to be a distinct ethnicity, both from other Christian denominations and other Egyptians. They view themselves as an ethnie, as the real descendants of the Pharaonic era and the original core of the Egyptian nation. In reality the differences between the Copts and other Egyptians are minor, due to many conversions to Islam and mixed marriages. Besides, some parts of the Coptic community identify as Egyptian, minimizing the ethnical distinction.\nMinority.\nThe Copts comprise about 6 to 7 percent of the Egyptian population. They are neither culturally nor ethnically distinctive from other Egyptians. Therefore, we can neither look at the Copts as a cultural nor an ethnical minority, but they are a religious minority within Egypt. The Copts usually stress their Egyptian national identity, which minimize the impact of them being a religious minority set against a muslim majority.\nThere have been multiple disputes within the Coptic community regarding their identity and minority-status in the framework of the Egyptian nation. There is for example a discussion about whether the Copts should cooperate with the Egyptian government against radical Islamist groups or not. This cooperation would lead to the minimization of the impact of being a minority, but the fighting of Muslim extremism coincides with stressing the secular aspect of Egypt and supporting its government. Besides, a part of the Copts feel actively persecuted and discriminated against by the Egyptian government and would never cooperate with them.\nCulture.\nCoptic calendar.\nThe Copts use the Coptic calendar. A Coptic year usually starts on the 29th of August and consists of 13 months. It started in 284 CE in the Year of the Martyrs, which corresponded with the first year of Diocletian's rule.\nCoptic language.\nThe Coptic language is an Egyptian language consisting of both Greek and Demotic letters. It is nowadays only used as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church.\nOccupation.\nCopts can be found at all income levels. The biggest occupational group among them are the peasants who live a simple life in tents in the country, indistinguishable from Muslim peasants. In the cities, Copts are particularly numerous in the private sector, both as employers and as employees. The majority of the pharmacies in Egypt are owned by Copts and a lot of them are doctors, lawyers and engineers. \nAt the very bottom of the social scale are the zabaleen, Cairo's rubbish collectors, who are mainly Coptic christians. They set up an elaborate and efficient system of rubbish-collecting and recycling. The largest zabaleen-settlement is Mokattam village, better known as 'Garbage city'."}
+{"id": "96116", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96116", "title": "Pectus excavatum", "text": "Pectus excavatum is a congenital medical condition where the ribs and sternum grow abnormally, producing a sunken appearance to the chest. This makes the chest look like it has caved in on itself. It is also commonly referred to as \"funnel chest\" or \"chest bowl\". It is the most common form of pectus deformity, occurring in approximately 1 in 300-400 births, with a 3:1 male predominance ratio. While Pectus Excavatum occurs at birth, it often does not develop properly until early adolescence when growth is more rapid.\nCauses.\nDoctors do not know why some people have the dent. They think it might be caused by a bad gene from the parent. It is also linked to syndromes (illnesses) that affect other parts of the body.\nNumbers.\nPectus excavatum happens in about 1 in every 300-400 children, with the 75% majority of cases being male.\nNon-invasive treatment.\nSuction Cup.\nA vacuum bell, also called a suction cup, can be used to fix pectus excavatum. The cup is placed on the chest and all the air is removed: this pulls up the chest. This non-invasive procedure shows promise to be a permanent cure for pectus excavatum. Treatment must continue for two years after the appearance of correction is made.\nSurgery.\nThe dent can be fixed by a doctor. The following are alternate surgical ways of fixing the chest:\nNuss Procedure.\nThe Nuss Procedure was created by Doctor Nuss from Norfolk in Virginia. A metal bar is put into the chest; the bar holds the chest up.\nRavitch.\nThe Ravitch technique is from the 1950s. It involves cutting out part of the chest, placing a bar in the chest, and having the bone grow back. Most doctors do not use the Ravitch because it causes much blood loss."}
+{"id": "96117", "revid": "10106071", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96117", "title": "Mark the Evangelist", "text": "Mark the Evangelist (\u05de\u05e8\u05e7\u05d5\u05e1, ) was one of the followers of Jesus Christ. He is believed to be the writer of the Gospel of Mark. He is believed by some scholars to be the young man found in chapter 14, verses 51-52 of the gospel. The Copts think Mark brought Christianity to Egypt. It was his house where Jesus and his disciples ate the last supper.\n\u05de\u05e8\u05e7\u05d5\u05e1 and \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 are both pronounced as Markus which more consistent with Aramaic and Hebrew understanding of Roman names. Markus was a Roman who accepted Jesus Christ along with others."}
+{"id": "96149", "revid": "217550", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96149", "title": "Analects", "text": "The Analects was a book put together by the students of Confucius. It is about his thoughts on family, government and war. It was likely written by his followers."}
+{"id": "96155", "revid": "9595258", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96155", "title": "Central Park", "text": "Central Park is a large public park in Manhattan in New York City. Central Park has about 35,000,000 visitors every year. It is the most visited city park in the United States. The park contains lakes, a castle, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Central Park Zoo. The park has been shown in many movies and television programs.\nSize.\nThe Central Park covers , and is 2.5 miles (4\u00a0km) long between 59th Street (Central Park South) and 110th Street (Central Park North), and is 0.5\u00a0miles (0.8\u00a0km) wide between Fifth Avenue and Central Park West. It is similar in size to San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, Chicago's Lincoln Park, Vancouver's Stanley Park, or Munich's Englischer Garten. It lies between the New York Theater District, Harlem (north), Upper West Side, and the Upper East Side.\nCentral Park is bordered on the north by West 110th Street, on the south by West 59th Street, on the west by Eighth Avenue, and on the east by Fifth Avenue. Along the park's borders however, these are known as Central Park North, Central Park South, and Central Park West, respectively. Only Fifth Avenue retains its name as the eastern border of the park. Each of the twenty gates on these streets has a name.\nThe park is bigger than Monaco and Vatican City, though some other parks in the city are even larger.\nHistory.\nIn 1855, New York City had four times as many people as in 1821. The city grew bigger, and there were fewer parks in Lower Manhattan. A park was being planned for Upper Manhattan. Two years before, in 1853, the New York state government gave over an area, from 59th to 106th Streets, to build the Park. The land alone cost more than US$5 million.\nThe park first opened in 1857. In 1858, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they entitled the Greensward Plan. Construction began in the same year and was finished in 1873. Many rocks, soil, and plants were put in the park. People living in the park were forced to move out. Later, the park was made larger.\nIn the 1930s, because people had not taken care of the park, it was cleaned up and changed by Robert Moses. By the 1960s, the park became a bad place to go again, so in the 1980s and 1990s, the Central Park Conservancy was made. The Central Park Conservancy cleaned up Central Park from the 1980s through the 2000s.\nThe park was named a National Historic Landmark in 1963.\nCentral Park Conservancy.\nThe Central Park Conservancy runs the park. They operate it because of an agreement with the city government. 85% of Central Park's $25 million annual budget and 80% of the park's maintenance staff come from the Conservancy.\nThe conservancy cares for of lawns, 21,500 trees, of lakes and streams, and of woodlands. Their staff plant hundreds of bulbs, shrubs, flowers, and trees every year. They make sure that 9,000 benches, 26 ballfields, and 21 playgrounds are clean and good to use. They also care for 55 sculptures and monuments, as well as 36 bridges. Conservancy crews remove graffiti from Central Park and collect more than 2,000 tons of trash a year.\nThe Conservancy has been led by five presidents. The first is Elizabeth Barlow Rogers, who helped to create the Conservancy in 1978. She was president until 1996. Karen H. Putnam, the Conservancy\u2019s development director, was president from 1996 to 2000, after completing the projects slated under the \"Wonder of New York\" capital campaign. The third, Regina S. Peruggi, used to be president of Marymount Manhattan College. She led the Conservancy from 2000 to 2003. The fourth was Douglas Blonsky, who used to look over construction for the Park. He was president from 2003 to 2017. Since 2017, Elizabeth W. Smith, who used to work as a park commissioner for the city, has been president.\nIn popular culture.\nCentral Park has been mentioned in thousands of books, movies, and TV shows. In the U.S. TV show \"Friends\" (1994-2004), the coffee shop where the characters often gathered was named \"Central Perk\" as a pun on the term \"coffee percolator\" (a type of pot used to brew coffee)."}
+{"id": "96157", "revid": "1464674", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96157", "title": "Mae Jemison", "text": "Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American physician and NASA astronaut. She became the first African-American woman to enter space when she served on the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in September 1992. She has appeared on television several times, including as an actress in an episode of .\nEarly life.\nJemison was born in Decatur, Alabama. She moved to Chicago at age three. Her brother and sister are Ada and Charles Jemison. From early on, she was interested in science. Jemison\u2019s parents supported her love for science and space. As a child, she spent lots of time in the library. She read books about space, and evolution.\nEducation.\nJemison graduated from high school at the age of 16. She studied at Stanford University on a scholarship. There she earned a Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering in 1977. During her education, Jemison involved herself in activities outside her classes. These included dance, theater, and volunteer work. She was also the head of the Black Student Union. While at Cornell, Jemison helped people who had left their country because it was not safe to live there. She helped run health studies in Kenya as well. She studied how complicated organisms can be influenced by gravity. In 1981 she earned a Doctorate of Medicine.\nTraining and space mission.\nJemison was in astronomy ever since she was a child. She dreamed of going to space one day. While attending Stanford, she applied for NASA. Soon after she applied, NASA had a terrible accident on January 28, 1986. \"Challenger\" was launched in Florida and it blew up soon after taking off. The astronauts were all killed. There would be no more astronauts going into space until the scientists figured out what had happened. Jemison became one of the 0.75% of people who were chosen for a special type of instruction at NASA a year after this accident had occurred.\nThe training incorporated physical demand and rigorous studying of science. She had to learn what to do in case if an emergency had happened. She soon became a certified mission specialist. Jemison\u2019s mission was in September 1992. She is remembered as the member of the crew on \"Endeavour\", an eight-day journey. This was a joint mission between the US and Japan. She fertilized frog eggs and observed their development into tadpoles.\nCareer.\nJemison worked at NASA from 1987 to 1993. She later started The Jemison Group, Inc., which created ALAFIYA, a satellite-based telecommunications system. This system was to be used to bring healthcare to developing nations. She also was a professor in the Environmental Studies Program at Dartmouth College. There she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries. She has studied astronomy, zoology, archaeology, etc.\nJemison joined the Peace Corps, a volunteer organization. She worked as a medical officer there from 1983 to 1985 in Sierra Leone and Liberia.\nAchievements.\nJemison has won many awards since her time in space. She was named as one of the 50 most influential women by \"Ebony\" magazine. She is in three different halls of fame: the National Medical Association Hall of Fame, Texas Science Hall of Fame, and National Women\u2019s Hall of Fame. Jemison has also been on a few television programs, including the PBS program \"African American Lives\". She also speaks in public about her life and influence. Mae C. Jemison Public School was named after her."}
+{"id": "96158", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96158", "title": "Mae jemison", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96215", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96215", "title": "Club", "text": "A club can be many things. "}
+{"id": "96244", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96244", "title": "Manic depression", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96245", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96245", "title": "Ethylene", "text": "Ethylene or ethene is a chemical compound with two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms in each molecule. These molecules are put together with a double bond that makes it a hydrocarbon. It is very important in industry and has even been used in biology as a hormone. It is also the most made chemical. About 75 million tons of it have been made each year since 2005. Its biggest use is to make polyethylene.\nIt is a gas at 25 degrees Celsius at standard atmosphere (a specific pressure).\nHistory.\nSince 1795, ethylene was called an \"olefiant gas\", or \"oil making gas\". This was because it came together with chlorine to make the \"oil of the Dutch chemists\".\nIn 1866, the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann came up with a system for naming hydrocarbons. The suffixes -ane, -ene, -ine, -one, and -une were used to call the hydrocarbons with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane it came from. Because of this system, ethylene became ethene.\nIn 1979, the IUPAC decided that ethylene would stay ethylene.\nHow it is made.\nEthylene is made in the chemical industry by steam cracking. Some of the parts of an ethylene plant can be:\nThere are other systems in an ethylene plant. The systems listed above were the most important systems in an ethylene plant.\nSince making ethylene uses a lot of energy, the people making the ethylene try very hard to keep the heat from the gasses from leaving the furnaces."}
+{"id": "96253", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96253", "title": "Skol", "text": "Skol is a brand of beer made by the Danish company Carlsberg Group. Skol was first brewed in 1959 for European customers. The beer's name comes from the Danish word \"sk\u00e5l\" which means \"to your health\", a common toast (a word or phrase said before drinking). Skol is available in a few different flavors.\nSkol was started in 1964 in Europe. It became available in Brazil in 1967. In 1979, it was one of the first beers to be sold in aluminum cans. As of 2004, Skol was available in more than 20 countries.\nIn 2000, the first annual Skol Beats music festival was held in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The type of music featured at Skol Beats is electronic, including trance, techno, electro, drum and bass, house, and breakbeat. Skol's new \"Beats\" beer was revealed at the 2000 festival. Beats has a different flavor and alcohol content than the original Skol. It is marketed as the beer for people that like parties and excitement.\nIn October of 2006, the new Skol Lemon was released. Response to Skol Lemon has been divided. Some people really like it and others do not."}
+{"id": "96254", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96254", "title": "Fragmentation", "text": "Fragmentation can mean:"}
+{"id": "96268", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96268", "title": "Anton von Webern", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96275", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96275", "title": "Archbishopric of Salzburg", "text": "The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire Archbishop of Salzburg as a Prince-Bishop. This means the archbishop had his ecclesiatical (church) powers and also the powers of an he Archbishopric was about the same size as the modern state of Salzburg in Austria.\nThe most famous Archbishop was probably the last to rule as a prince. He was Hieronymus von Colloredo, who was an early patron of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.\nHistory.\nAbbot-Bishopric (4th century\u2013c. 482).\nIn 450 a book was written about the live of St Severinus of Noricum. The book said that Salzburg had two churches and a monastery. St. Maxius is the only abbot-bishop known by name. Soon after Maxius was martyred, Salzburg was destroyed soon after in about 482.\nBishopric (c. 543/698\u2013798).\nSt. Rupert later went back to Salzburg to set up the churches again. He saw the ruins of Salzburg overgrown with brambles, but no one knows whether he arrived about 543 during the time of Theodo I or in about 698 when Bavaria was conquered by the Franks.\nIt was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation started to grow again in the region. The cathedral monastery was named in honour of St. Peter and Rupert's niece Ehrentrudis founded the nunnery at Nonnberg.\nEarly Archbishopric (798\u20131060).\nArno, Archbishop of Salzburg enjoyed the respect of the Frankish king Charlemagne. Charlemagne asked him to make the land between the Danube, the Raab, and Drave Rivers Christian. This area ad recently been taken from the Avars. Monasteries were founded and all of Carinthia was slowly Christianised.\nWhile Arno was in Rome attending to some of Charlemagne's business in 798, Pope Leo III appointed him Archbishop over the other bishops in Bavaria (Freising, Passau, Regensburg, and S\u00e4ben). When the dispute over the church's border between Salzburg and Aquileia broke out, Charlemagne declared the River Drave to be the border. Arno also began the copying of 150 volumes from the court of Charlemagne. This was the start of the first library in Austria.\nInvestiture Era (1060\u20131213).\nThe first archbishop of the era was Gebhard, who during the Investiture Controversy remained on the side of the Pope. Because of this, Gebhard was exiled for nine years, but was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont. His successor Thimo was imprisoned for five years, and suffered a horrible death in 1102. After King Henry IV abdicated and Conrad I of Abensberg was elected Archbishop. Conrad lived in exile until the Calistine Concordat of 1122.\nThe Archbishops again took the side of the Pope during the arguments between the Pope and the Hohenstaufens. Archbishop Eberard I of Hilpolstein-Biburg was allowed to reign in peace, but his successor Conrad II of Austria made the Emperor's angry and died in 1168 in Admont trying to hide from the Emperor. Conrad III of Wittelsbach was appointed the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1177 at the Diet of Venice, after the supporters of both Pope and Emperor were deposed.\nPrince-Bishopric (1213\u20131803).\nArchbishop Eberard II of Truchsess was made a prince of the Empire in 1213, and created three new sees: Chiemsee (1216), Seckau (1218) and Lavant (1225). Eberard was excommunicated in 1245 after refusing to publish a decree deposing the emperor. Eberard died suddenly the next year. During the German Interregnum, Salzburg also suffered confusion. Philip of Carinthia was made ruler of Salzburg, but refused to become a priest. This meant he could not be Archbishop, so he was deposed (sacked) by Ulrich, Bishop of Seckau.\nKing Rudolph I of Habsburg quarrelled with the archbishops. The arguments wer started by Abbot Henry of Admont After Henry died the archbishops and the Habsburgs made peace in 1297. The people and archbishops of Salzburgs remained loyal to the Habsburgs in their struggles against the Wittelsbachs. When the Black Death reached Salzburg in 1347, the Jews were accused of poisoning the wells and suffered severe persecution. The Jews were expelled from Salzburg in 1404. Later, the Jews were allowed to return but were forced to wear pointed hats. Although the Renaissance was a time when new paintings, sculptures and music was being made across Europe, this did not happen in Salzburg because the archbishops were not got rulers, and because of poor conditions in the empire during the reign of Frederick IV.\nConditions were at their worst during the reign of Bernard II of Rohr. The country was in depression, local authorities were raising their own taxes and the Turks were attackingthe archdiocese. In 1473, he summoned the first provincial diet (parliament) in the history of the archbishopric, and eventually abdicated. It was only Leonard of Keutschach (reigned 1495\u20131519) who changedthe situation. He had all the burgermeisters and town councillors (who were charging unfair taxes) arrested at the same time and imprisoned in the castle. His last years were spent in bitter struggle against Matth\u00e4us Lang of Wellenburg, Bishop of Gurk, who succeeded him in 1519.\nArchbishop Paris of Lodron led Salzburg to peace and prosperity during the Thirty Years' War in which the rest of Germany was thoroughly devastated. During the reign of Leopold Anthony of Firmian, Protestants emerged more vigorously than before. He invited the Jesuits to Salzburg and asked for help from the emperor, and finally ordered the Protestants to recant or emigrate - about 30,000 people left and settled in W\u00fcrttemberg, Hanover and East Prussia, and a few settled in Georgia in the United States of America. The last Prince-Archbishop, Hieronymus of Colloredo, is probably the most well known for his patronage of Mozart. His reforms of the church and education alienated himself from the people.\nModern Archbishopric (1803\u2013\"present\").\nIn 1803, Salzburg was secularised (stopped being control by the church) as the Electorate of Salzburg. The former Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany (brother of Emperor Francis II) was made elector. In 1805 Salzburg became a part of Austria, and in 1809, a part of Bavaria. The Bavarians closed the University of Salzburg, banned monasteries from accepting novices (new monks for training), and banned pilgrimages and processions. The Congress of Vienna returned Salzburg to the Austrians in 1814.\nBishops of Salzburg.\nAbbot-Bishops of Iuvavum c. 300s\u2013c. 482.\n\"Abandoned after c. 482\"\nArchbishops of Salzburg.\nDuchy of Salzburg 1803\u20131805.\nThe secularized Duchy of Salzburg was created in 1803, but annexed by Austria in 1805. The Duke of Salzburg was transferred to the Grand Duchy of W\u00fcrzburg:"}
+{"id": "96285", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96285", "title": "Chinrest", "text": "A chinrest is a part on a violin. It helps to hold the violin against the player's shoulder. A chinrest is usually made of wood. It is usually not glued on. Instead, metal clasps are used. These clasps are put against the side of the violin. They are held on by the tension of the screws in them. Older violins do not often have chinrests."}
+{"id": "96289", "revid": "365128", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96289", "title": "Rheinfelden (Baden)", "text": "Rheinfelden is a town in Germany that was started in 1922. The name means \"the fields of the Rhine\", like Rheinfelden in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96291", "revid": "14742", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96291", "title": "Sharp s", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96292", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96292", "title": "Stone circle", "text": "A stone circle is an ancient type of monument. There are about 1,000 remaining stone circles and 80 stone henges in Great Britain and Ireland. Stonehenge is a famous example of a stone circle. \nStone circle monuments are made of several standing stones that are arranged in a certain way (often in circles or ellipses). The number of stones can vary between four and 60. Often, burial sites are in or near the circle. \nMost likely stone circles were used for rituals. They might also have been used as calendars; some stone circles are arranged so that certain stones are lit on special dates, such as the summer solstice."}
+{"id": "96294", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96294", "title": "Standing stone", "text": "Standing stones (also called menhirs) are stones set into the ground vertically. They were put there by Neolithic people in the British Isles and Brittany. They also occur elsewhere in the world.\nThere may be single standing stones, circles, lines or groups of them. Their dates are mostly from 4000 BC to 1,500 BC. Since Neolithic peoples did not have writing, we do not know much about what they were used for. It is generally thought they had both practical and ceremonial or religious uses. Pottery found near some of these stones suggest that some standing stones in Europe belonged to the so-called 'Beaker culture'.\nFeatures.\nTheir shape is generally uneven and squared, usually becoming thinner near the top. Menhirs can be found across Europe, Africa and Asia. However, they are mostly found in Western Europe, especially in Brittany and the British Isles (Great Britain and Ireland). There are about 50,000 megaliths in these areas. \nStanding stones are usually hard to date. However, pottery found underneath some standing stones in western Europe connects them with the Beaker people. They were made as part of a megalithic culture which was powerful in Europe and beyond.\nMegalithic monuments.\nWhere they appear in groups, often in a round, oval, henge or horseshoe formation, they are sometimes called megalithic monuments. These are sites of very old religious ceremonies, sometimes having burial chambers. \nThe developments of radiocarbon dating and tree-ring calibration have helped us learn more of their timing. In some archaeological sites, the remains of wooden henges can be found. Woodhenge was a henge and timber circle monument in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site in Wiltshire, England. It is 2 miles (3.2\u00a0km) north-east of Stonehenge.\nHistory.\nHistorians do not know the social group, religious thoughts, or language of the people who made the menhirs. We do know that they buried their dead. They also had the skills to grow cereal, farm, and make pottery, stone tools and jewelry. \nSome recent research into the megaliths in Brittany suggests a much older origin, maybe back to six to seven thousand years ago. This is not generally accepted."}
+{"id": "96296", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96296", "title": "Rheinfelden, Germany", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96301", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96301", "title": "Rheinfelden", "text": "Rheinfelden is:"}
+{"id": "96303", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96303", "title": "Feldspar", "text": "Feldspar is the name of a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals that make up as much as 60% of the Earth's crust.\nFeldspar forms crystals from magma in both intrusive and extrusive rocks, and they can also happen as compact minerals, as veins, and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed entirely of plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspar is also found in many types of sedimentary rock.\nFeldspar is typically reddish or pale pink in color, and has a hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale, making it roughly as hard to scratch as glass.\nThere are two groups of feldspar, both made out of silica and aluminum:"}
+{"id": "96305", "revid": "747572", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96305", "title": "Galadriel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96307", "revid": "747590", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96307", "title": "Elladan and Elrohir", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96308", "revid": "747593", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96308", "title": "Celebr\u00edan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96309", "revid": "747595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96309", "title": "Celeborn", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96310", "revid": "747604", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96310", "title": "Gil-galad", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96311", "revid": "7069552", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96311", "title": "Felisburgo", "text": "Felisburgo is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais."}
+{"id": "96312", "revid": "747625", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96312", "title": "Eldarion", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96313", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96313", "title": "Brazos Country, Texas", "text": "Brazos Country is a city in Austin County, Texas. It had a population was 514 people in 2020."}
+{"id": "96315", "revid": "747635", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96315", "title": "Thranduil", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96320", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96320", "title": "List of cities in Texas", "text": "The following is a list of cities in the state of Texas in the United States, by letter:"}
+{"id": "96321", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96321", "title": "The Catholic Encyclopedia", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96322", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96322", "title": "Arthur Rimbaud", "text": "Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (20 October 1854 \u2013 10 November 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville. He wrote his best works when he was 15\u201318 years old. He was restless and moved around the world a lot. He was homosexual. He died of bone cancer just after his 37th birthday."}
+{"id": "96323", "revid": "973737", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96323", "title": "Elis\u00e9e Reclus", "text": "\u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus (March 15, 1830\u2013July 4, 1905), also known as Jean Jacques \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, was a French geographer and anarchist.\nBiography.\nHe was born at Sainte-Foy-la-Grande (Gironde). He was the second son of a Protestant priest, who had a family of fourteen children. His education, begun in Rhenish Prussia, was continued in the Protestant college of Montauban, and completed at the university of Berlin, where he followed a long course of geography under Karl Ritter.\nAfter 1851, he spent the next six years (1852\u20131857) visiting the British Isles, the United States, Central America, and Colombia. On his return to Paris he contributed to the \"Revue des deux mondes\", the \"Tour du monde\" and other papers, with a large number of articles about geography.\nIn 1867\u20131868 he published \"La Terre; description des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de la vie du globe\", in two volumes.During the 1870 siege of Paris, he was in the National Guard, while as a member of the Association Nationale des Travailleurs he published in the \"Cri du Peuple\" an article against the government of Versailles in support of the Paris Commune of 1871.Continuing to serve in the National Guard, now in open revolt, he was taken prisoner on April 5. On November 16, he was sentenced to transportation for life; but, after changed to a ban as an exile.\nReclus also visited Italy, and Switzerland, where he wrote many articles about geography.\nIn 1882 Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement. After this was followed by government prosecutions, instituted in the High Court of Lyon, against the anarchists, members of the International Association, of which Reclus and the other anarchist Kropotkin were designated as the two \"leaders\" of organization. Piotr Kropotkin was arrested and condemned to five years\u2019 imprisonment, but Reclus, being resident in Switzerland, escaped.\nAfter 1892 he taught in university of Brussels, and contributed in many journals about science and geography.\nSome articles wrote by Reclus:\nReclus died at Torhout, near Bruges."}
+{"id": "96325", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96325", "title": "Marianna", "text": "Marianna can be one of the following:"}
+{"id": "96329", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96329", "title": "Skjaldbrei\u00f0ur", "text": "Skjaldbrei\u00f0ur(Skyald-bray-thur) is a volcano in Iceland. It is 1,060 metres tall, and its crater measures roughly 300 metres in diameter. Skjaldbrei\u00f0ur translated in English means broad shield and is the name for shield volcano."}
+{"id": "96331", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96331", "title": "Michael Emerson", "text": "Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an American theatre, television, and movie actor. He won an \"Outstanding Guest Actor\" Emmy in 2001 for a part on \"The Practice\". He is best known for playing Zep Hindle in the 2004 movie \"Saw\" and Ben Linus in the television series \"Lost\".\nBiography.\nEarly life.\nEmerson was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa and grew up in the nearby town of Toledo, Iowa. He studied theater and art at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, and graduated in 1976. He then moved to New York City. He had trouble finding work as an actor so he took retail jobs and worked as a freelance illustrator. In 1986, he moved with his first wife to Jacksonville, Florida. In Jacksonville, between 1986 to 1993, he was in local productions, and worked as a teacher and director.\nCareer.\nEmerson thought about not being an actor and being a teacher instead, because it is a more stable job. He decided to go back to school and get a Master of Fine Arts. He thought it might help him meet theatre professionals and directors. \nEmerson's first big role was in 1997. He starred as Oscar Wilde in Moises Kaufman's play, \"Gross Indecency: The Trials of Oscar Wilde,\" and then was in many other plays. In 1998, he acted with Uma Thurman in the off-Broadway production of \"The Misanthrope\". In 1999, he played the part of Willie Oban in \"The Iceman Cometh\" with Kevin Spacey. He co-starred with Kate Burton in both \"Give Me Your Answer, Do!\" and \"Hedda Gabler\".\nIn movies and television, Emerson played somewhat dangerous, damaged characters. He played the roles so that the character would seem mysterious. In 2001, he won an Emmy Award as \"Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series\", for playing the (fictional) confessed serial killer William Hinks in several episodes of \"The Practice\".\nOne of Emerson's most well-known works was in 2004, as the character Zep Hindle in the horror movie \"Saw\". In 2006, Emerson began guest-starring on the television series \"Lost\" as Henry Gale/Ben Linus . He was originally planned to be in a small number of episodes, but he returned for season 3 as a main cast member. In 2007, he was nominated for another Emmy Award for his work on the series."}
+{"id": "96334", "revid": "1350807", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96334", "title": "Battle of Chantilly", "text": "The Battle of Chantilly happened on September 1, 1862, in Fairfax County, Virginia. It was the last battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War. The battle had two names: the Union side called it the \"Battle of Chantilly\" and the Confederates called it the \"Battle of Ox Hill\".\nBackground.\nConfederate General Robert E. Lee had just won the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 29. The Union Army, commanded by John Pope, started retreating north towards Washington, D.C. Lee wanted to destroy Pope's army. He sent Thomas J. Jackson's corps to march around Pope's army in order to capture the road to Washington. If the Confederates captured the road, Pope would have been surrounded and be forced to surrender.\nOn September 1, Pope found out where Jackson was. He sent Jesse L. Reno with two divisions to attack Jackson. Jackson had stopped on Ox Hill, which was near the Chantilly Plantation. He decided to stop there because he found Pope's army was farther north than he expected.\nThe battle.\nThe first Union commander to arrive at Ox Hill was Isaac Stevens. He decided to attack Jackson's men about 5 p.m. At the same time, a thunderstorm broke out and made some of the solders's ammunition too wet to fire. Many men had to fight with bayonets. Stevens's division made part of the Confederate army retreat. But the Confederates counterattacked and forced Steven's division retreat. During the attack, Stevens was killed.\nAfter Stevens' s attack failed, Philip Kearny's division arrived. Kearny tried to attack the Confederates but he was killed too. After sunset, the Union soldiers retreated from the battlefield.\nAftermath.\nThe Union army lost about 1,000 casaulties in the battle. The Confederates lost about 500 to 600 casualties. Pope continued retreating to Washington on September 2."}
+{"id": "96336", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96336", "title": "J\u00f6rg Haider", "text": "J\u00f6rg Haider (26 January 1950 \u2013 11 October, 2008) was an Austrian politician who was often said to be off right-populism (\"rechtspopulist\"). He was born in Bad Goisern, Upper Austria, and died in K\u00f6ttmannsdorf near Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria.\nAt the age of 29 he became the youngest member of the Austrian parliament and in 1989 the Governor of Carinthia for the first time.\nHaider led the Freedom Party of Austria (FP\u00d6) to great success so that in 1999 the party reached the second most votes with 27% behind the SP\u00d6 with 33% and could form a coalition with the Austrian People's Party \u00d6VP (having for the first time only the third most votes) making Wolfgang Sch\u00fcssel Chancellor of Austria.\nHaider passed his leading position to other party members so that a coalition could take place and returned to Carinthia to work as Governor.\nIn 2004 Haider was re-elected as Governor of Carinthia. One year later the leading members of the FP\u00d6 as well as their party members in the government together with J\u00f6rg Haider (as their new head) founded a new Party, the BZ\u00d6. In 2006 the BZ\u00d6 party reached the 4% (that time lea by P. Westenthaler) in the Austrian elections and so became part of the Parliament with 7 representatives. For the snap elections in September 2008 he was voted unanimously in his party for the leading position and ran as candidate again for the elections. The party gained 10.7% and therefore could rise its seats 3 times now having 21 representatives under the lead of J\u00f6rg Haider. However Haider promised before the votes toke place to remain Governor as he would have only changed to become Chancellor. There were possibilities to build a government with J\u00f6rg Haider as chancellor (Haider already managed to form a coalition where the \u00d6VP under Sch\u00fcssel with the 3rd most votes got the Chancellor) or at least the BZ\u00d6 represented in the government. For this a coalition of BZ\u00d6 with FP\u00d6 and \u00d6VP was necessary, however Haider never got into this position.\nOn 11 October 2008, Haider died in a traffic accident near the town of Klagenfurt. He was returning home after an event that had taken place earlier. Many people living in Carinthia in reaction to his death, left public offerings as flowers, candles, cards and personal messages, Austrian singer and intendant Harald Serafin called the tragic death even an \"Austro-Lady-Diana-Story\"."}
+{"id": "96339", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96339", "title": "Egyptian Museum", "text": "The Egyptian Museum, formally known as the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, is a museum in Cairo, Egypt, which has a large collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the world. It has 120,000 items. The museum's Royal Mummy Room, shows some mummies of New Kingdom kings and queens.\nAnother large museum of Egyptian antiquities is Egyptian Museum of Turin, which is the only museum other than the Cairo Museum that is dedicated only to Egyptian art and culture."}
+{"id": "96351", "revid": "1618275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96351", "title": "Yagan", "text": "Yagan (c. 1795\u201311 July 1833) was a Noongar warrior who played an important part in early indigenous Australian resistance to European settlement and rule in the area of Perth, Western Australia. \nYagan was the son of Midgigoroo, one of the elders of the tribe who lived in the Perth area. Yagan was blamed for spearing cattle near the Swan River. There were not many cattle in the new colony and food was scarce. Yagan's taking of the settlers animals and food supplies was seen as a very serious crime. After a European was killed, the military started a search for Yagan. He was found after four months and sent to Carnac Island. He escaped after six weeks. One of the soldiers who had got to know him on Carnac Island, compared him to William Wallace.\nYagan's brother was killed in April 1833 while trying to steal flour from a cart. Yagan, Midgigoroo and several others attacked another cart and killed the drivers. They were declared outlaws, which meant they had no legal rights and could be killed by anyone. A reward of \u00a330 was offered for their capture. Midgigoroo was soon captured and executed. Two months later, on 11 July 1833 a shepherd, William Keates, shot and killed Yagan. Keates was killed soon afterwards in another fight with the Aborigines, and his brother claimed the reward for the capture of Yagan. Yagan's head was cut off and sent to England for display. \nAfter a long search his remains were rediscovered in an unmarked grave in Liverpool and returned to Australia in 1997. On 10 July 2010, Yangar was reburied in Perth, at a site now called the Yagan Memorial Park. The park is on the site where Yagan was killed in 1833."}
+{"id": "96357", "revid": "1609217", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96357", "title": "Osaka University", "text": "The University of Osaka is a national university of Japan. It was started in 1869. It is in Osaka. It has 11 departments. The university changed its name in English from \"Osaka University\" to \"The University of Osaka\" in April 2025."}
+{"id": "96359", "revid": "1670489", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96359", "title": "Daytona 500", "text": "The Daytona 500 is an auto race held in Daytona Beach, Florida. It is the opening event of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Daytona has hosted racing for many years. Originally cars raced on the beach, but in 1959, race officials built the Daytona International Speedway, where the race has been held ever since. The Daytona track hosts many other races as well. The Daytona 500 is considered the most important event in NASCAR.\nThe Daytona 500 has many memories, the winners receive a Harley J. Earl Trophy every year at the end of every race, The trophy is not the only one awarded to the event, The crew chief of the teams receives the Cannonball trophy, a trophy by Cannonball Baker.\nEventually, the race was held in 1959, It was the second 500-mile NASCAR race, following the Southern 500, By 1961, the race was referred as the Daytona 500.\nAt Daytona, the cars pile up in multi-car wrecks, known as The Big One."}
+{"id": "96369", "revid": "1458798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96369", "title": "Beat 'em up", "text": "Beat 'em ups are video games where the player beats up bad guys while walking through levels. Sometimes the player has to beat up certain bad guys to progress through the game. Most of the time, these games have level bosses which are usually at the end of the level. Examples of \"beat-em up\" games are arcade games like \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" and \"The Simpsons\". \"Super Smash Bros. Brawl\" also has a \"beat-em up\" part in the game where the player fights bad guys from the Subspace Emissary and fights other characters as well in order to beat the levels."}
+{"id": "96371", "revid": "9681147", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96371", "title": "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky", "text": "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky () is a city in Russia. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the administrative, industrial and cultural center of Kamchatka Krai. Population: 163,152 (2024).\nThe city lies on the Pacific coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.\nIt was founded by Vitus Bering in 1740 and was named after ships the \"St. Peter\" and the \"St. Paul\".\nPrincipal industry is fishing.\nScience.\nInstitute of volcanology and seismology of Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences is located in the city.\nClimate is mild. Annual average temperature is +2,8\u00a0\u00b0C."}
+{"id": "96372", "revid": "5400", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96372", "title": "Galilei", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96373", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96373", "title": "Perspective", "text": "Perspective may mean:\nLiterally, in visual topics:\nMetaphorically, in relation to cognitive topics:\nProper names:\nIn mathematics:"}
+{"id": "96375", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96375", "title": "Perspective (graphical)", "text": "In graphic arts, perspective is the representation of how an image is seen by the eye. It was first invented by Filippo Brunelleschi. It is about how the angle and distance of a three-dimensional object is represented on a flat surface. To create a real scene, objects are drawn smaller to show that they are farther away from the person looking at the artwork. The dimensions of an object are also drawn differently depending where the line of sight is. The size of an object's dimensions along the line of sight are usually drawn shorter than dimensions across the line of sight. This is called foreshortening, and is used to create the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface.\nLandscape paintings have a horizon line. This line represents objects that are infinitely far away. They have shrunk, in the distance, like objects on the Earth's horizon. Changing the height of the horizon level changes the view point for the picture. A person lying on the ground and looking up would have a different view to a person on a ladder looking down.\nBasic concept.\nPerspective works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an imaginary rectangle (the painting), to the viewer's eye. It is similar to a viewer looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the windowpane. If viewed from the same spot as the windowpane was painted, the painted image would be identical to what was seen through the unpainted window. Each painted object in the scene is a flat, scaled down version of the object on the other side of the window. "}
+{"id": "96377", "revid": "15433", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96377", "title": "Krudd", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96384", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96384", "title": "Graphic arts", "text": "Graphic arts is a term that was used for the art of printmaking and drawing. Today it means the skills of a graphic designer or print technician. Graphic arts as a trade can be traced back to the first instances of the stamped image or word.\nTraditional meaning.\nGraphic art is an artistic process of creating a design where one uses a medium (like rubber or plexiglas) and transfers the image to a material (like paper)."}
+{"id": "96385", "revid": "19297", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96385", "title": "Print", "text": "Print may mean:"}
+{"id": "96394", "revid": "39678", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96394", "title": "Octal Numbering System", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96407", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96407", "title": "Cylinder (engine)", "text": "A cylinder is the central working part of an engine, the space in which a piston travels. Mostly several cylinders are arranged side by side in an \"engine block\". "}
+{"id": "96408", "revid": "314845", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96408", "title": "Cylinder (disambiguation)", "text": "A cylinder is a three-dimensional geometric shape. Cylinder may also refer to:"}
+{"id": "96411", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96411", "title": "Stanley, Iowa", "text": "Stanley is a city in the Buchanan and Fayette counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. There were 81 people living in Stanley as of the year 2020. The city has an area of 0.2\u00a0square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96414", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96414", "title": "List of cities in Iowa", "text": "The following is a list of cities in the state of Iowa, by letter:"}
+{"id": "96422", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96422", "title": "Birds of prey", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96432", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96432", "title": "Les Bois", "text": "Les Bois is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96433", "revid": "10023367", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96433", "title": "Les Breuleux", "text": "Les Breuleux is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since 2023, La Chaux-des-Breuleux became a part of Les Breuleux."}
+{"id": "96434", "revid": "10023371", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96434", "title": "La Chaux-des-Breuleux", "text": "La Chaux-des-Breuleux was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. Since 2023, it became a part of Les Breuleux."}
+{"id": "96436", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96436", "title": "Abrams, Wisconsin", "text": "Abrams is a town in Oconto County, Wisconsin, United States. 1,960 people were living in Abrams as of the 2020 Census.\nThe town has an area of 37.5\u00a0square miles, according to the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96437", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96437", "title": "Les Enfers", "text": "Les Enfers is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96438", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96438", "title": "Ackley, Wisconsin", "text": "Ackley is a town in Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 467 people living in Ackley as of the 2020 Census. The town came into being on March 4, 1879.\nThe town has an area of 71.0\u00a0square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96439", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96439", "title": "Epauvillers", "text": "Epauvillers is a village and former municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Epauvillers, Epiquerez, Montenol, Montmelon, Ocourt, Saint-Ursanne, Seleute merged into the new municipality of Clos du Doubs."}
+{"id": "96456", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96456", "title": "Eichsfeld (district)", "text": "Eichsfeld is a rural district in Thuringia, Germany, and is part of the historical region of Eichsfeld. \nHistory.\nIn medieval times, the district of Eichsfeld was much largaer than the present rural district and was owned by the Archbishops of Mainz.\nEichsfeld was the only part of Thuringia not to accept the Protestant Reformation, mostly because of the efforts of the Archbishop of Mainz.\nIn 1801, the clerical states were dissolved, and Prussia took over. \nThe present district was established in 1994 by merging the former districts of Worbis and Heiligenstadt."}
+{"id": "96458", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96458", "title": "Gotha (district)", "text": "Gotha is a Kreis (rural district) in the middle of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was made on October 1, 1922, when the newly created state of Thuringia was divided into 15 rural districts () and 9 district free cities ().\nPartnerships.\nSince 1990 the district has had a partnership with Main-Kinzig Rural District in Hesse, Germany."}
+{"id": "96460", "revid": "14742", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96460", "title": "WLM", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96469", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96469", "title": "Schwabhausen, Thuringia", "text": "Schwabhausen is a municipality in Gotha Rural District, Thuringia. It is not part of any verwaltungsgemeinschaft."}
+{"id": "96472", "revid": "4093", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96472", "title": "Humpback Whale", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96487", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96487", "title": "Adams (town), Wisconsin", "text": "Adams can be one of these places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:"}
+{"id": "96488", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96488", "title": "Adams, Adams County, Wisconsin", "text": "Adams is a town in Adams County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 1,378 people living in Adams as of the 2020 Census. The City of Adams can be found inside of the town. The town has an area of 50.4\u00a0square miles, says to the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96489", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96489", "title": "Adams, Green County, Wisconsin", "text": "Adams is a town in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 540 people living in Adams as of the 2020 Census. The town has an area of 36.1\u00a0square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.\nHistory.\nThe first settlers were Cornish lead miners. They were followed by settlers from New England, Ireland, Switzerland, and Norway. The town has been the home of a Lutheran and a Catholic parish. Saint Francis Catholic Church was made by Catholic immigrants from Ireland. Later, the parish joined with Saint Joseph Catholic Church in Argyle, Wisconsin. The church was later torn down. Only the cemetery is still there."}
+{"id": "96492", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96492", "title": "Adams, Jackson County, Wisconsin", "text": "Adams is a town in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 1,389 people living in Adams as of the 2020 Census. The town has an area of 36.8\u00a0square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96493", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96493", "title": "Addison, Wisconsin", "text": "Addison is a town in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 3,464 people living in Addison as of the 2020 Census. The town has an area of 36.0\u00a0square miles, according to the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96494", "revid": "1033505", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96494", "title": "Into the Wild (Warriors)", "text": "Into the Wild is the first book in the \"Warriors: The Prophecies Begin\" series. It was written by Victoria Holmes and Kate Cary under the pen name of Erin Hunter. It was published on 21 January 2003.\nPlot summary.\nRusty is an ordinary house cat who dreams of living in the wild. One night, he decides to explore the nearby forest. Before he goes, he is warned by his friend, Smudge, that the forest is filled with dangerous wild cats. Rusty goes into the forest anyway, and meets the leader of ThunderClan, Bluestar. Bluestar is the leader of one of the four wild cat Clans living in the nearby forest. He decides to accept her invitation to join her Clan and becomes Firepaw, an apprentice of ThunderClan. The other Clan cats are initially reluctant to accept Firepaw because of his house cat origins, but he slowly earns a place in the Clan.\nFirepaw becomes friends with the apprentices Graypaw and Ravenpaw, and falls in love with the Clan's medicine cat (a Clan healer with spiritual abilities) Spottedleaf. He learns to hunt and fight, and he learns about Clan traditions. He finds another friend in Yellowfang, an old and grumpy medicine cat who was exiled from ShadowClan and taken into ThunderClan.\nThe four Clans, ThunderClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, and RiverClan, fight with each other to occupy hunting grounds. In a battle that takes place right before Firepaw joins ThunderClan, the ThunderClan deputy (second-in-command), Redtail, dies. Firepaw later learns from Ravenpaw that the former deputy was not killed by an enemy Clan, but by Tigerclaw, a ThunderClan warrior. Tigerclaw killed Redtail because he wanted to be deputy instead. Tigerclaw knows that Ravenpaw saw him kill Redtail, so Firepaw and Graypaw help Ravenpaw escape the forest to live on a farm, because Tigerclaw plans to kill Ravenpaw for knowing his secret.\nAfter driving out WindClan for more hunting territory, ShadowClan tries to drive out ThunderClan, leading to a battle. The new deputy, Lionheart, is killed during the fight, and Tigerclaw is named deputy. After this, Clawface of ShadowClan kills Spottedleaf, and steals some ThunderClan kits. Everyone believes that it was Yellowfang who took the kits, because she disappeared the moment the kits were discovered missing. Firepaw and Graypaw, follow Yellowfang's scent to ShadowClan territory, to find out the truth about Spottedleaf and the missing kits. Together, with some help from within ShadowClan, they drive out Brokenstar, the evil leader of ShadowClan. Yellowfang, having proved her loyalty, becomes ThunderClan's new medicine cat, while Firepaw and Graypaw are made warriors (full members of the Clan) and receive their warrior names, Fireheart and Graystripe."}
+{"id": "96499", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96499", "title": "Minnan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96500", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96500", "title": "Min-nan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96502", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96502", "title": "Chili sauce", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96503", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96503", "title": "Pepper sauce", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96504", "revid": "1574173", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96504", "title": "Critical density", "text": "The critical density is the average density of matter required for the Universe to just halt its expansion, but only after an infinite time. This value is estimated as formula_1 and it\u2019s calculated when you take the matter-energy density of the universe and divide it by the matter-energy density of the universe that is required to achieve that balance.\nThis is related to the cosmic density parameter in many ways; this term describes the ratio of the actual density value of the Universe to the critical density value. If the ratio is one, then the Universe is at balance, and the Universe is flat and will expand forever. If the ratio is greater than one, then the actual density of the Universe is greater than the critical density, and thus the Universe will eventually become closed and will ultimately end up collapsing in on it self. If the ratio is less than one, then the actual density is less than the critical density, and the Universe is open and expands forever in every direction."}
+{"id": "96510", "revid": "1561235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96510", "title": "Non-Euclidean geometry", "text": "Non-Euclidean geometry is a type of geometry. Non-Euclidean geometry only uses some of the \"postulates\" (assumptions) that Euclidean geometry is based on. In normal geometry, parallel lines can never meet. In non-Euclidean geometry they can meet, either infinitely many times (elliptic geometry), or never (hyperbolic geometry). Non-Euclidean geometries in 3d can be elliptic and hyperbolic, but can also do things like cause loops to go up (Nil geometry), or be non-euclidean in only two dimensions.\nAn example of Non-Euclidian geometry can be seen by drawing lines on a ball or other round object, where straight lines that are parallel at the equator can meet at the poles.\nOrigin.\nIt is called \"Non-Euclidean\" because it is different from Euclidean geometry, which was discovered by an Ancient Greek mathematician called Euclid. The different names for non-Euclidean geometries came from thinking of \"straight\" lines as curved lines, either curved inwards like an ellipse, or outwards like a hyperbola.\nThe first authors of non-Euclidean geometries were the Hungarian mathematician J\u00e1nos Bolyai and the Russian mathematician Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, who separately published treatises on hyperbolic geometry around 1830. As well Eugenio Beltrami published book on non-Eucludean geometry in 1868. Others, such as Carl Friedrich Gauss, had earlier ideas, but did not publish their ideas at the time."}
+{"id": "96511", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96511", "title": "Miranda de Ebro", "text": "Miranda de Ebro is a city in Spain. It is the second biggest city in Burgos province, in the region of Castile and Le\u00f3n. It is an important industrial center, with a population of 39,589 people (2009).\nThe river which runs through the city is the Ebro."}
+{"id": "96520", "revid": "1163787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96520", "title": "Julia Fischer", "text": "Julia Fischer (born 15 June 1983) is a German violinist and pianist.\nBiography.\nJulia Fischer, born in Munich, is of German-Slovakian parentage. Her mother came from the German minority in Slovakia and emigrated from Ko\u0161ice in Slovakia to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1972. Her German father moved in the same year from Eastern Saxony to West Germany.\nIn fall 2004 the label PentaTone released Julia Fischer's first CD: Russian violin concertos with Yakov Kreizberg and the Russian National Orchestra.\nJulia Fischer began her studies before her fourth birthday, when she received her first violin lesson from Helge Thelen; a few months later she started studying the piano with her mother Viera Fischer. Fischer said, \"my mother's a pianist and I wanted to play the piano as well, but as my elder brother also played the piano, she thought it would be nice to have another instrument in the family. I agreed to try out the violin and stayed with it.\" She began her formal violin education at the Leopold Mozart Conservatory in Augsburg. At the age of nine Julia Fischer went to the Munich Academy of Music. \nAmong the most prestigious competitions that Julia Fischer has won are the International Yehudi Menuhin Violin Competition under Lord Yehudi Menuhin's supervision, where she won both the first prize and the special prize for best Bach solo work performance in 1995 and the Eighth Eurovision Competition for Young Instrumentalists in 1996, which was broadcast in 22 countries from Lisbon. In 1997 Julia Fischer was awarded the \u201cPrix d\u2018Espoir\u201d by the Foundation of European Industry. She recently had the opportunity to play Mozart's own violin in the room in which he was born at Salzburg to honour his 250th birthday.\nHer repertoire (from Bach to Penderecki, from Vivaldi to Shostakovich), contains over 40 works with orchestra and about 60 works of chamber music.\nInstrument.\nAt the moment she plays on a Guadagnini (See link below) made in 1750 which she bought in summer 2004.\nFor four years since 2000, she had been using a Stradivarius, the 1716 Booth, on loan from Nippon Music Foundation. Before she had the Strad, she played a Guarneri del Ges\u00f9 and a Gagliano. She uses two bows, one a copy of the Heifetz Tourte by the Viennese maker Thomas Gerbeth, the other a French bow which she uses when she needs to send the Tourte bow away to be rehaired.\nPrizes and honours.\nJulia Fischer has won five prizes for her violin playing and three prizes for her piano playing a.o. at \"Jugend musiziert\". She won all eight competitions she entered.\nRecordings.\nAfter releasing ten CDs for PentaTone her eleventh CD was released by Decca.\nInfluences.\nShe considers Maxim Vengerov, Evgeny Kissin, and Glenn Gould to be among her greatest influences. \nFamily.\nMother: Viera Fischer, maiden name Krenkov\u00e1, born in Nov\u00e9 Z\u00e1mky Slovakia, pianist\nFather: Frank-Michael Fischer, a university-educated mathematician"}
+{"id": "96523", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96523", "title": "Interstate H-1", "text": "Interstate H-1 (or H-1) is the most important interstate highway in Hawaii, United States, located on the island of O\u2018ahu. The road sees more traffic than any other interstate in Hawaii. Despite the number, this is an east-west highway\u2013the 'H'-series (for Hawaii) numbering is done in the order in which routes were given money and built. H-1 goes from Route 93 (Farrington Highway) in Kapolei to Route 72 (Kalanianaole Highway) in K\u0101hala. East of Middle Street in Honolulu (exit 19A), H-1 is called the Lunalilo Freeway and is sometimes signed as such at older signs in the center of Honolulu. West of Middle Street, H-1 called the Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani Freeway; this name is shown on some roadmaps. It is the west-most interstate highway in the United States. The route is long."}
+{"id": "96528", "revid": "62069", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96528", "title": "Interstate H-2", "text": "Interstate H-2 (abbreviated H-2) is an intrastate interstate highway located on the island of O\u2018ahu in Hawai\u2018i, USA. H-2 is also known as the Veterans Memorial Freeway. Despite the number, this is a north\u2013south interstate\u2013the 'H'-series (for Hawaii) numbering reflects the order in which routes were given money and built. Its southern terminus is at Interstate H-1 in Pearl City, and its northern terminus is at Wilikina Drive (Route 99) in Wahiaw\u0101 near Schofield Barracks and Wheeler Army Airfield. The route is long."}
+{"id": "96529", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96529", "title": "Julia fischer", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96533", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96533", "title": "Syriacs", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96535", "revid": "62069", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96535", "title": "Interstate H-3", "text": "Interstate H-3 is a highway in the American state of Hawaii. It begins at the Halawa Interchange with Interstates H-1 and H-201. The highway then runs along a viaduct through Halawa Valley for about 6 miles. It then goes through the Tetsuo Harano Tunnels through the Koolau Mountains. Once on the eastern end of the tunnel, the highway follows a viaduct built along the side of Haiku Valley until the Kaneohe Interchange with state route 63 (Likelike Highway) which leads into the town of Kaneohe. The highway then continues to the Halekou Interchange with state route 83 (Kamehameha Highway). Four miles farther, it reaches the main gate of Marine Corps Base Hawaii. The route is long."}
+{"id": "96537", "revid": "1076609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96537", "title": "Mike Shinoda", "text": "Michael Kenji \"Mike\" Shinoda (born February 11, 1977) is a Japanese-American musician, record producer, and artist from Agoura Hills, California. He is famous for being the rapper, keyboard and piano player, vocalist and rhythm guitarist of Linkin Park, and his side project, Fort Minor. He also does artwork, production and mixing for both groups.\nPersonal life.\nMike Shinoda has been married to children's author Anna Hillinger since May 10, 2003. The couple have three children."}
+{"id": "96545", "revid": "10191620", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96545", "title": "Toyota Corolla", "text": "The Toyota Corolla is a sedan automobile made by Toyota since 1966. The Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the most popular models in America since then. It is famous for its high fuel economy.\nSales.\nIt was first sold in America in 1968. The Corolla is made in many countries all around the world including the United States. The Corolla once had a twin called the Sprinter and it was sold by Chevrolet in the United States as the Nova and Geo Prizm in the 1980s and 1990s. The Corolla is Toyota's best selling car besides the Hi-Lux pickup truck and the bigger Toyota Camry."}
+{"id": "96546", "revid": "1661601", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96546", "title": "Toyota Hilux", "text": "The (sometimes written as HiLux or in the past called the Hi-Lux, in North America since 1976 called the Toyota Truck, Toyota Pickup Truck, or Toyota Compact Truck, or sometimes in North America since 1995 the Toyota Tacoma) is a compact pickup truck sold by Toyota. Toyota has been building the Hilux since 1968. New versions have been made at least every decade since then. The most recent big change was in 2015, and the most recent small change was in 2017.\nUse by Militant Groups.\nThe Toyota Hilux is well known for being used by militants such as ISIL. The Hilux is also seen as the AK-47 of cars according to former army ranger Andrew Exum. The Hilux also has been used by militaries for combat such as in the 1980's Toyota War. "}
+{"id": "96547", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96547", "title": "Suzuki", "text": " is a Japanese company that makes cars and motorcycles. It had a stake in CAMI Automotive with General Motors. After the discontinuation of Chevrolet Tracker CAMI started producing the Equinox, as well as the Suzuki XL-7 SUV. Suzuki also sold three Daewoo models in the U.S. and Canada, the Kalos, Lacetti and Magnus. Suzuki backed out of the venture in 2010 after the redesigned XL-7 did not match sales demands. In 2012, Suzuki stopped making cars for the American market. It will continue to build and sell ATVs, motorcycles and army vehicles. 1909"}
+{"id": "96551", "revid": "9921581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96551", "title": "Fair trade", "text": "Fair trade is a social movement which tries to help people who make things in developing countries. It helps people to work in better conditions and get more money for what they make, giving workers opportunities to improve their lives and plan their future, which reduces poverty as a result. The movement also tries to protect or improve the environment.\nFair trade helps people in developing countries sell things to people in developed countries. Things that are sold in international trade are handicrafts and other manufactured goods, agricultural products such as grains, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey, cotton, quinoa, fresh fruit, chocolate, wine, flowers, and minerals such as iron and petroleum.\nMerchandise that has fair trade status must be given a fair trade certificate. This says it follows rules about fairness to workers and the environment. This will mean the product can put the Fairtrade symbol on their packaging if they earn the certificate."}
+{"id": "96562", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96562", "title": "728 Leonisis", "text": "728 Leonisis is an asteroid of the Flora family, found by Johann Palisa in 1912 in Vienna. Its provisional name was 1912 NU.\nAstronomers are not sure what its spectral class is. It has been previously placed in the rare A and L classes. These are generally \"stony\" spectra, but with significant differences from the usual S-type. The unusual spectrum brings Leonisis' membership in the Flora family into doubt."}
+{"id": "96571", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96571", "title": "David C. Jewitt", "text": "David C. Jewitt is a Professor of astronomy at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy. He was born in 1958 in England, and graduated from the University of London in 1979."}
+{"id": "96575", "revid": "160517", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96575", "title": "Metamorphic", "text": "Metamorphic is a word from Greek that means \"after change.\" It can also be any of the following:"}
+{"id": "96578", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96578", "title": "Mains hum", "text": "Mains hum is a signal at a nominal 50 or 60\u00a0Hz, depending on local alternating current frequency, and usually some harmonic content. The changing magnetic flux caused by the mains current links with the windings of the pickup, inducing a voltage by transformer action."}
+{"id": "96581", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96581", "title": "Epiquerez", "text": "Epiquerez was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Epiquerez, Epauvillers, Montenol, Montmelon, Ocourt, Saint-Ursanne and Seleute merged into the new municipality of Clos du Doubs."}
+{"id": "96582", "revid": "42996", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96582", "title": "Les Genevez", "text": "Les Genevez is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96583", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96583", "title": "Goumois", "text": "Goumois was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Goumois and Les Pommerats merged into the municipality of Saignel\u00e9gier."}
+{"id": "96584", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96584", "title": "Lajoux", "text": "Lajoux is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96585", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96585", "title": "Greiz (district)", "text": "Greiz is a Landkreis (rural district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nHistorically the area of the district was part of the \"Vogtland\", named after the title \"Vogt\" given to the local rulers in the 13th century. Only two lines of the \"Reu\u00df\" family survived from that time, with one principality based in Greiz, and the other in Gera and Schleiz. In 1919 both were merged into the \"Volksstaat Reu\u00df\" (People's State of Reuss), which then became part of Thuringia in 1920.\nA subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp was located at Berga/Elster during World War II. The SS made inmates dig tunnels and lay railway tracks for the Schwalbe V project.\nThe district in its current form was created on July 1, 1994, when the districts Gera-Land, Zeulenroda and the previous district Greiz were merged.\nSights.\nSights in the district Greiz:\nMuseums in the district Greiz:"}
+{"id": "96586", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96586", "title": "Montfaucon, Switzerland", "text": "Montfaucon is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipality of Montfavergier merged into the municipality of Montfaucon."}
+{"id": "96588", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96588", "title": "Montfavergier", "text": "Montfavergier was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipality of Montfavergier merged into the municipality of Montfaucon."}
+{"id": "96589", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96589", "title": "Muriaux", "text": "Muriaux is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipality of Le Peuchapatte merged into the municipality of Muriaux."}
+{"id": "96590", "revid": "179257", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96590", "title": "Le Noirmont", "text": "Le Noirmont is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96591", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96591", "title": "Le Peuchapatte", "text": "Le Peuchapatte was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipality of Le Peuchapatte merged into the municipality of Muriaux."}
+{"id": "96593", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96593", "title": "Les Pommerats", "text": "Les Pommerats was a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Goumois and Les Pommerats merged into the municipality of Saignel\u00e9gier."}
+{"id": "96594", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96594", "title": "Saignel\u00e9gier", "text": "Saignel\u00e9gier is a municipality in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district of Franches-Montagnes. \nThe bog and nature preserve around \u00e9tang de la Gru\u00e8re is in the municipality.\nOn 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Goumois and Les Pommerats merged into the municipality of Saignel\u00e9gier."}
+{"id": "96595", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96595", "title": "Saignelegier", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96596", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96596", "title": "Saint-Brais", "text": "Saint-Brais is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96597", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96597", "title": "Soubey", "text": "Soubey is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96598", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96598", "title": "Hildburghausen (district)", "text": "Hildburghausen is a district in Thuringia, Germany. It covers most of the same territory as the old Ernestine duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen.\nCoat of arms.\nThe coat of arms displays:"}
+{"id": "96605", "revid": "1258066", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96605", "title": "Heraldic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96610", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96610", "title": "Ilm-Kreis", "text": "Ilm-Kreis is a district in Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nIn medieval times the territory was ruled by the counts of Henneberg and the princes of Schwarzburg, two local dynasties. While Ilmenau was ruled by Henneberg, Arnstadt belonged to Schwarzburg. When the Henneberg family became extinct in 1583, Ilmenau was acquired by Saxony. The principality of Schwarzburg was split up between family members into several tiny states. One of those states (Schwarzburg-Arnstadt) was based in Arnstadt; it was founded in 1574 and existed until 1716, when it became part of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. It became part of Thuringia when the Freestate of Thuringia was founded in 1920.\nThe district was founded in 1920 (under the name Arnstadt); it was divided in 1952 into the districts of Arnstadt and Ilmenau, but joined together again in 1994."}
+{"id": "96615", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96615", "title": "Adrian, Wisconsin", "text": "Adrian is a town in Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 733 people living in Adrian as of the 2020 Census. The town has an area of 35.3\u00a0square miles, says the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96618", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96618", "title": "Agenda, Wisconsin", "text": "Agenda is a town in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 370 people living in Agenda as of the 2020 Census. The town has an area of 89.5\u00a0square miles, says the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96619", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96619", "title": "Agenda, Ashland County, Wisconsin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96622", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96622", "title": "Wizard's First Rule", "text": "Wizard's First Rule is a book written by Terry Goodkind. It is the first book in the epic fantasy series called \"The Sword of Truth\". It was published by Tor Books on August 15, 1994 as a hardcover book, meaning the book was made with a hard cover. The paperback book was released on July 15, 1997. A special version of the book was released on June 23, 2001. It featured art on the cover by Keith Parkinson. This special version was also a paperback version of the book.\nPlot summary.\nThe main character in \"Wizard\u2019s First Rule\" is Richard Cypher. Richard is a woods guide who lives in the area of the world called Westland. Westland is the only part of the world that contains no magic. Westland is set apart from the other lands of the world by a very evil magic boundary. The boundary stops anyone from coming through into the Westland from the Midlands. As a woods guide, Richard leads important political people through the woods to wherever they need to go in Westland. Richard has a brother called Michael Cypher. He is the First Coucilor of Westland. \nRichard's father, George Cypher, was mysteriously killed in the beginning of the book. Because of this, Richard entered a state of sadness. When Richard finds out about an interesting vine left in a jar for him by his dead father, Richard decides to go into the forest to try to find the vine. This leads him to help a traveller escape from 4 men that are chasing her through the forest. The traveller is called Kahlan Amnell, and the people she is running from are called a quad. \nRichard saves Kahlan from the quad. After saving Kahlan, Richard learns that he had just helped someone who had come through the boundary. Before then, it was not heard of for someone to come through the boundary. Richard finds out that Kahlan is looking for the First Wizard. Richard feels that she is in need of help. Because of this, Richard takes Kahlan to his best friend, Zedd.\nWhen he goes to visit his friend, Richard learns that his friend, Zedd, has kept many secrets from him. Richard finds out that Zedd is really the wizard that Kahlan has been looking for. \nKahlan tells Zedd about some of the events that are taking place in the Midlands. Darken Rahl, who is the villain in the book, is leading an army against the Midlands. After hearing of these events, Zedd decides that Richard is the true Seeker. In doing so, Zedd gives Richard the Sword of Truth. Zedd then decided that they need to cross the boundary to stop Darken Rahl from conquering the world using the magic of the boxes of Orden. \nRichard finds out that the boxes of Orden hold the power of life and death. He also finds out that Darken Rahl needs 3 boxes and needs to open them in the correct order using the information written in the Book of Counted Shadows. Richard was taught the Book of Counted Shadows as a little boy by his father. \nRichard then finds a way through the boundary thanks to his friend, Chase. Chase is a boundary warden. Boundary wardens are officials who keep people from getting too close to the boundary. Chase tells Richard that there is a pass through the boundary. Chase leads them to the pass.\nAlong the way to the pass, Richard and his friends are attacked by underworld creatures. This encounter leaves both Zedd and Chase in a state of sleep. Soon after this event takes place, Richard and Kahlan reach the home of Adie. Adie is a bone sorcereress, and is the only one who can tell Richard and Kahlan how to get through the boundary. They leave Zedd and Chase in Adie's care, and cross through the boundary. \nAfter they cross into the Midlands, Richard finds out that the Mud People are the only people who knows where the box of Orden is that they need to stop Darken Rahl from taking over the world. After teaching the Mud People how to make roofs that do not leak, they give Ricahrd the information he needs. \nThe book then follows Zedd, Kahlan, Richard, and Chase, as they try to keep the box of Orden from Darken Rahl, who is trying to take over the world.\nWizard's First Rule.\nPeople will believe a lie either because they want to believe it's true or because they are afraid it might be true.\nThis rule was a big part of the story and it was also the way that Richard ends up killing Darken Rahl at the end of the book."}
+{"id": "96630", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96630", "title": "Dietary fiber", "text": "Dietary fiber is the part of food from plants that cannot be digested. Dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body. Dietary fiber has many parts that plants have, and is eaten in plant foods.\nDietary fiber includes substances like cellulose, wax and lignin, among others. The term \"fiber\" is not the best way to describe it, because many of these substances are not actually fibers.\nDietary fiber is grouped if it is soluble or insoluble. Soluble means if it helps to absorb water or not. If it is insoluble, it helps remove wastes from the body."}
+{"id": "96637", "revid": "90801", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96637", "title": "Dietary fibre", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96648", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96648", "title": "Henry Ian Cusick", "text": "Henry Ian Cusick (born April 17, 1967) is an Emmy Award-nominated Scottish-Peruvian actor of stage, television, and movies.\nBiography.\nEarly life.\nCusick was born in Trujillo, Peru to a Peruvian mother and a Scottish father. He lived in Trinidad and Tobago for 10 years. He went to high school there at Presentation College. He can speak both English and Spanish. Cusick spent six months at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow. After that he joined the Citizens' Theatre.\nCareer.\nCusick's first leading roles at the Citizens' Theatre were Dorian Gray in \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" with Rupert Everett, Hamlet in \"The Marovitz Hamlet\" with Helen Baxendale, and Horner in \"The Country Wife\".\nHis performances as Torquato Tasso in the Edinburgh International Festival production of \"Torquato Tasso\", and Creon in the Citizens' Theatre production of \"Oedipus\" earned him a special commendation for the Ian Charleson Award 1995 for \"Outstanding Performance by a Young Actor in a Classical Theatre Role\". He was nominated for an Emmy for his guest role as Desmond Hume on the television series \"Lost\". He joined the main cast of \"Lost\" in season 2. He was also in two episodes of season 5 of \"24\"."}
+{"id": "96652", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96652", "title": "Bo Pelini", "text": "Mark \"Bo\" Pelini (born December 13, 1967) is the head football coach at the University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln. Before that, he was the defensive coordinator for the LSU Tigers. On December 2, 2007, one day after coaching in the 2007 SEC Championship Game, Pelini was named as head coach at Nebraska by athletic director Tom Osborne."}
+{"id": "96654", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96654", "title": "Bo pelini", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96659", "revid": "21531", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96659", "title": "Super Smash Bros.", "text": "Super Smash Bros. (also known as SSB, Smash Bros. or Smash) is a fighting game franchise created by Nintendo. There are five titles in total and features a wide cast of characters from Nintendo. Some of them were featured from third-party games. It has been incredibly successful and has garnered a large competitive electronic sports community.\nHistory.\n\"Super Smash Bros.\" was first released in 1999 for the Nintendo 64. The game later got four sequels: \"Super Smash Bros. Melee\" for the Nintendo GameCube in 2001, \"Super Smash Bros. Brawl\" for the Wii in 2008, \"Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U\" for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U in 2014, and \"Super Smash Bros. Ultimate\" for Nintendo Switch in 2018.\nGameplay.\nOne of the options in the series uses typical health points, as in most fighting games, but the standard option in most entries is that each fighter in \"Super Smash Bros.\" has a percent value. Each fighter starts at 0 percent. When a fighter is hit, they take damage by raising this percent value. The higher that the percent value is, the easier it will be to knock them off the map. The goal of the game is to knock your opponent off of the stage a certain amount of times. Each game in the series has a wide variety of playable stages, characters and game modes. At the beginning of the game, players are limited to a smaller cast of characters to choose from, but can unlock the rest of the characters by completing certain tasks, achievements or just after playing for long enough. The characters have different abilities and attacks, but are used by pushing the same buttons\u2014A is for normal attacks, and B is for special abilities or attacks (such as hitting harder or shooting things). These buttons can be used be used in combination with tilting the analog stick in different directions to use different variations of these abilities or different attacks entirely. Normal attacks used with a quickly flicked analog stick can be used to pull off a smash attack (a powerful attack, usually used for launching your opponent off the stage). The controller triggers can be used to shield, which blocks damage from opponents for a few seconds, until it breaks. Players can also use the controller triggers to grab opponents and throw them. A combination of different attacks and abilities can be used to pull off a combo, where the player traps the opponent in a combination of attacks for high damage. There are many complex techniques and tier lists created by the competitive community of the Super Smash Bros. series.\nItems and stages.\nIn some game modes, players can use randomly appearing items to help them damage or KO their opponent. Some of these items include bombs, peaches, baseball bats, assist trophies (which temporarily produces an AI character that attacks opponents), and Smash Balls (which allows the player to unleash a powerful Final Smash attack). Players can choose stages to play on. Most of the stages are based on places in other Nintendo games, such as \"Mario\", \"Donkey Kong\", \"The Legend of Zelda\" and \"EarthBound\", but others (such as the Final Destination stage) are from \"Super Smash Bros.\" In later games, player also have the choice to choose out of 3 different stage versions for every stage. These include the default stage, an Omega version (which turns off items, removes obstacles and makes the stage perfectly flat, so that the stage mimics the Final Destination stage) and a Battlefield version (which turns off items, makes the stage perfectly flat but adds three static platforms above it, so that the stage mimics the Battlefield stage). This feature has been added due to the popularity of using no items on a relatively empty stage in competitive tournaments of the games.\nCharacters.\nThe Smash Bros. series has many characters from many different video games. Most of these are from Nintendo games. Starting with Super Smash Bros. Brawl, characters that were not from Nintendo games were added, such as Solid Snake and Sonic the Hedgehog.\nStages.\nThere are many stages in Super Smash Bros. Many characters have stages and some stages aren't tied to a character at all."}
+{"id": "96661", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96661", "title": "John Heartfield", "text": "John Heartfield (19 June 1891 in Berlin \u2013 26 April 1968 in Berlin) is the English version of the name of the German photomontage artist Helmut Herzfeld. He started to call himself \"Heartfield\" in 1916, to criticize the rabid nationalism and anti-British sentiment in Germany during World War I.\nCareer.\nIn 1918, Heartfield began at the Berlin Dada scene, and the Communist Party of Germany. He was thrown out of the Reichswehr film service because he supported the strike after the assassination of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. With George Grosz, he founded \"Die Pleite\", a satirical magazine. Heartfield started to work for two communist publications: the daily Die Rote Fahne (\"The Red Flag\")and the weekly Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung (AIZ)(\"Workers' Illustrated Newspaper\"). AIZ published Heartfield's most famous work\nIn 1933, after the National Socialists came to power in Germany, Heartfield moved to Czechoslovakia, where he continued his photomontage work for the \"AIZ\" (which was published in exile); in 1938, the Nazis were preparing to invade Czechoslovakia, so he moved to England, and lived in Hampstead, London. After World War II he settled in East Germany, after 1954 he lived in East Berlin and worked closely with theatre directors such as Benno Besson and Wolfgang Langhoff at Berliner Ensemble and Deutsches Theater.\nIn 2005, Tate Britain held an exhibition of his photomontage pieces.\nWorks.\nHis photomontages satirising Adolf Hitler and the Nazis often used Nazi symbols such as the swastika to change their propaganda message.\nOne of his more famous pieces, made in 1935 entitled \"Hurrah, die Butter ist Alle!\" () was published on the frontpage of the \"AIZ\" in 1935. The photomontage shows a family at a kitchen table, where a nearby portrait of Hitler hangs and the wallpaper is covered with swastikas. The family \u2014 mother, father, old woman, young man, baby, and dog \u2014 are trying to eat pieces of metal, such as chains, bicycle handlebars, and rifles. Below, the title is written in large letters, in addition to a quote by Hermann Goering during food shortage. Translated, the quote reads: \"Iron has always made a nation strong, butter and lard have only made the people fat\". The picture makes fun of a speech Goering made, the quote is shortened to \"Guns before butter\"\nModern culture.\n\"Hurrah, die Butter ist Alle!\" served as the inspiration behind the song \"Metal Postcard (Mittageisen)\" by Siouxsie & the Banshees; the song was re-recorded in German and released as a single with Heartfield's work as the cover art.\nThe Heartfield piece \"The Hand has 5 Fingers\" with its original text: \"5 fingers make a hand! With these 5 grab the enemy!\", was referenced by alternative metal band System of a Down. A text printed on the back of the album \"System of a Down\" reads: \"The hand has five fingers, capable and powerful, with the ability to destroy as well as create\"."}
+{"id": "96668", "revid": "1127554", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96668", "title": "Solenoid", "text": "A solenoid is a 3 dimensional structure of wire. When this wire is wrapped around a metallic block in a coil and electricity is passed through it, it has some special magnetic properties. Electromagnetic induction makes it an electromagnet that can be switched on or off. The side in which the current appears to be passing clockwise, is the South Pole, and the side in which the current seems to be passing anticlockwise is the Northern Pole. The solenoid works just like a bar magnet, and therefore has many uses. \nThis principle is used to create valves, among other things. Where the solenoid operates an electric switch, it is a relay. \nPinball machines, vehicles and traditional door bells use solenoids."}
+{"id": "96703", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96703", "title": "Putin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96712", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96712", "title": "Kyffh\u00e4userkreis", "text": "Kyffh\u00e4userkreis is a rural district in the northern part of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nIn the 12th century there was a castle on the Kyffh\u00e4user mountains, which was built during the reign of emperor Frederick I. According to the local legend, the emperor did not die, but instead went to sleep in this castle.\nFrom 1579 on the region belonged to Saxony, but after 1815 it was divided between the Prussian Province of Saxony and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.\nIn 1952 the two districts of Artern and Sondershausen were set up by the East German government. These districts were merged in 1994, with only a few municipalities joining other districts.\nPartnerships.\nThe district has a partnership with the district Ahrweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate, which was actually established with the district Artern in 1990.\nGeography.\nThe district is named after the \"Kyffh\u00e4user\" mountains. The main river is the Unstrut, which flows through the east of the district."}
+{"id": "96717", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96717", "title": "Nordhausen (district)", "text": "Nordhausen is the northernmeost \"Landkreis\" (rural district) of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1815, when the Prussian province Saxony was created. There were many changes to the boundaries up to 1952, when some municipalities were brought into the district and others left."}
+{"id": "96720", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96720", "title": "Saale-Holzland", "text": "Saale-Holzland-Kreis is a \"landkreis\" (rural district, or county) in the east of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was set up in 1994 by joining the old districts of Eisenberg, Jena and Stadtroda. When the district of Stadt rod) was first set up in 1922 it already covered nearly the area of the current district. In 1952 the East German government abolished the federal states (\"Bundesl\u00e4nder\"), and also split the district into the three parts, which were put together again in 1994."}
+{"id": "96721", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96721", "title": "Wettin (dynasty)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96724", "revid": "9348278", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96724", "title": "Saale-Orla", "text": "Saale-Orla is a \"Landkreis\" (rural district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1994 by joining the old districts of Lobenstein, P\u00f6\u00dfneck and Schleiz."}
+{"id": "96726", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96726", "title": "Saalfeld-Rudolstadt", "text": "Saalfeld-Rudolstadt is a \"Landkreis\" (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district dates back to the \"Landratsamt\" Saalfeld, which was created in 1868, and in 1922 it was converted into the \"Landkreis\". Also in 1922 the district Rudolstadt was created. Both districts were merged in the local government changes of 1994."}
+{"id": "96728", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96728", "title": "Schmalkalden-Meiningen", "text": "Schmalkalden-Meiningen is a \"Landkreis\" (rural district) in the west of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1994 by joining the old districts of Schmalkalden, Meiningen and part of Suhl-Land.\nPartnerships.\nThe district has a partnership with the Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse, as well as with the Komitat Pest in Hungary."}
+{"id": "96733", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96733", "title": "S\u00f6mmerda (district)", "text": "S\u00f6mmerda is a \"Landkreis\" (rural district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany. \nHistory.\nThe district S\u00f6mmerda was created in 1952. In 1994 the districts of Thuringia were reorganized, and the district S\u00f6mmerda was made a lot bigger by adding municipalities from the old districts Artern and Erfurt-Land."}
+{"id": "96734", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96734", "title": "Soemmerda Rural District", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96746", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96746", "title": "Ahnapee, Wisconsin", "text": "Ahnapee is a town in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 870 people living in Ahanpee as of the 2020 Census. The town has an area of 31.0\u00a0square miles, says the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "96748", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96748", "title": "Electronvolt", "text": "The electron-volt or electron volt, symbol eV, is used to measure energy. It is defined as the amount of energy an electron gains after being accelerated by 1 volt of electricity. Joule is used often for energy measurement, while sometimes useful to use electron-volts for a tiny amount of energy, or \"quantum\", such as that carried by a single subatomic particle. \nTo convert joules into electron-volts, divide joules by the charge of an electron, which is about 1.602 coulomb.\nE.g. 5 J = 5/1.602 5 J = 3.121 eV.\nThe electronvolt is often used in atomic, nuclear and particle physics. For example, the energy of photons can be measured by the voltage necessary to overcome their photoelectric effect."}
+{"id": "96753", "revid": "9073529", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96753", "title": "Meltingen", "text": "Meltingen is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96754", "revid": "9073200", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96754", "title": "Messen", "text": "Messen is a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal, Messen and Oberramsern merged to form the municipality of Messen."}
+{"id": "96755", "revid": "9073229", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96755", "title": "Metzerlen-Mariastein", "text": "Metzerlen-Mariastein is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. "}
+{"id": "96756", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96756", "title": "M\u00fchledorf", "text": "M\u00fchledorf can be one of two municipalities in Switzerland:"}
+{"id": "96757", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96757", "title": "Muhledorf", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96758", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96758", "title": "M\u00fchledorf, Solothurn", "text": "M\u00fchledorf was a municipality in the Bucheggberg district in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of M\u00fchledorf, Aetingen, Aetigkofen, Bibern, Br\u00fcgglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, K\u00fcttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg and Tscheppach merged into the new municipality of Buchegg."}
+{"id": "96766", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96766", "title": "Kolding", "text": "Kolding is a Danish seaport found at the head of Kolding Fjord in Region Syddanmark (\"Region of Southern Denmark\"). Kolding is a transportation, commercial, and manufacturing centre, and has many industrial companies.\nWith a population of 86,000 inhabitants, Kolding is the seventh largest in Denmark.\nHistory.\nBattles of Kolding.\n1658.\nIn the Battle of Kolding on December 25, 1658, the alliance of Polish and Danish forces under hetman Stefan Czarniecki defeated the Swedish forces of Charles X Gustav of Sweden.\n1849.\nA battle between German and Danish troops in the town on April 23 1849 during the First War of Schleswig.\nThe fireworks accident in Seest.\nOn November 3, 2004, N. P. Johnsen's Fireworksfactory in Seest exploded. One firefighter died, 85 people were injured, and around 2000 people were evacuated during this accident in Kolding.\nSister cities.\nThe following cities are sisters of Kolding:"}
+{"id": "96769", "revid": "40117", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96769", "title": "Drammen", "text": "Drammen is a city and municipality in the county of Buskerud, Norway. It has a population of 101 000 people. \nDrammen was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Skoger was merged with Drammen January 1, 1964. (And then transferred from the county of Vestfold to the county of Buskerud.)\nDrammen is one of the larger cities in Norway, and is about 47 km from the capital of Norway, Oslo. The city centre is at the end of a valley, on both sides of the river Drammenselva, and where the river meets the Drammensfjord. Drammen is also the main city for car and fruit import in Norway.\nThe name.\nThe Norse form of the name was \"Drafn\", and this was originally the name of the inner part of Drammensfjord. The fjord is, however, probably named after the river Dramselva (Norse \"Dr\u00f6fn\").\nGeography.\n<mapframe latitude=\"59.243415\" longitude=\"10.239258\" zoom=\"2\" width=\"200\" height=\"100\" align=\"right\">\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Point\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n 10.200347844511272,\n 59.74647928472788\n ]\n</mapframe>The city centre lies at the end of a valley, on both sides of the Drammenselva river, and where the river meets the Drammensfjord. Drammen is also the main harbor for car and fruit import in Norway. The forests around Drammen are called Drammensmarka. In the summer it is a popular area for hiking. In the winter skiing tracks are made and lighting make it cross country skiing possible during the evenings. \nAdministration.\nThe mayor, Kjell Arne Hermansen, is elected until late 2027."}
+{"id": "96776", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96776", "title": "Prosecution", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96783", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96783", "title": "Sonneberg (district)", "text": "Sonneberg is a \"Landkreis\" (rural district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1868 when districts were created in Saxe-Meiningen. In 1952 part of the district was incorporated into the newly created district Neuhaus am Rennweg. This district was dissolved again in 1994 and the district Sonneberg did regain its old size."}
+{"id": "96786", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96786", "title": "Unstrut-Hainich", "text": "Unstrut-Hainich is a \"Landkreis\" (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was set up on July 1, 1994 by joining the two previous districts of M\u00fchlhausen and Bad Langensalza.\nPartnerships.\nThe district has a partnership with the Wetteraukreis in Hesse dating back to the German reunification of 1990. The district also has a partnership with the Lithuanian districts of Ukmerge and Raseiniai.\nGeography.\nThe district is named after the river Unstrut and a hill chain, the Hainich. The Hainich became the 13th national park of Germany in 1997."}
+{"id": "96788", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96788", "title": "Cecil", "text": "Cecil can mean:\nPlaces in the United States of America:\nCecil can also be these people:\nCecil is a prototype-based programming language."}
+{"id": "96789", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96789", "title": "Wartburgkreis", "text": "Wartburgkreis is a \"Landkreis\" (rural district) in the west of Thuringia, Germany. The city of Eisenach is nearly completely surrounded by Wartburgbreis.\nHistory.\nThe district was set up in 1994 by joining the old districts of Eisenach and Bad Salzungen, and a few municipalities from the district Bad Langensalza. The city of Eisenach left the district in 1998 and became a district-free city.\nThe district is named after the Wartburg, a castle near Eisenach most famous as Martin Luther's refuge in 1521."}
+{"id": "96796", "revid": "568123", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96796", "title": "Weimarer Land", "text": "Weimarer Land is a \"Landkreis\" (rural district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. The district-free city of Weimar is completely enclosed by the district.\nHistory.\nThe district dates back to the \"Gro\u00dfkreis Weimar\", which was created in 1922 after the federal state Thuringia was established. The two cities Weimar and Apolda were not part of the district. In 1952 the district was split into two parts - Weimar and Apolda. In 1994 the two parts were merged again, however not completely covering the territory as before 1952."}
+{"id": "96823", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96823", "title": "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96824", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96824", "title": "Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96826", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96826", "title": "Congress of Arras", "text": "The Congress of Arras was a meeting in Arras in 1435, between representatives of England, France, and Burgundy. The Treaty of Arras (1435) was an important diplomatic win for France, late in the Hundred Years' War. The English expected only to talk peace with the French. However, Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy made peace with Charles VII of France. This hurt England because Philip the Good had helped them for 16 years. Richard the Lionheart refused to accept any documents of proposals after the signing."}
+{"id": "96828", "revid": "10191576", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96828", "title": "Appanage", "text": "The appanage was an important concept in the history of France during the Middle Ages. According to the customary law, when a king died, his oldest son became the next king. If a king wanted to give some land to a younger son, he sometimes also created an appanage, which was one way to keep a civil war. That could happen if two or more sons wanted to fight each other to be the next king.\nThe younger son controlled the appanage as a duke and ruled almost like a king except he could not sell the land. The ruler of an appanage could give it to his sons and grandsons, but that branch of the family would eventually run out of sons, and the land would go back to the king. "}
+{"id": "96851", "revid": "1572824", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96851", "title": "Scripps Ranch, San Diego, California", "text": "Scripps Ranch is a suburb of San Diego, California. It is home to the EW Scripps mansion."}
+{"id": "96861", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96861", "title": "New Statesman", "text": "The New Statesman is a British left-wing political magazine that is published weekly in London. \nHistory.\nThe \"New Statesman\" was founded in 1913 with the support of George Bernard Shaw and other prominent members of the Fabian Society. \nIn 1930 the \"Statesman\" merged with the Liberal weekly the \" Nation\", and changed its name to the \"New Statesman and Nation\", which it remained until 1964. The chairman of the \"Nation\"'s board was the economist John Maynard Keynes, who came to be an important influence on the paper.\nDuring the 1930s, the \"Statesman\" moved to the left politically. It became strongly anti-fascist and was generally critical of the government policy of appeasement of Mussolini and Hitler. "}
+{"id": "96862", "revid": "1237047", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96862", "title": "Left-wing politics", "text": "Left-wing politics is a kind of politics that supports social equality and egalitarianism. \nWhat a person means by left-wing depends on where the person lives. In Western Europe, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, left-wing politics is often associated with social democracy and democratic socialism."}
+{"id": "96864", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96864", "title": "Bourgeoisie", "text": "Bourgeoisie means a social class of people who own the means of production, making them in the upper or merchant class. Hence, all employers are bourgeoisie. Their status or power comes from employment, education, assets, or wealth and not from aristocratic (political) origin, as a lowly caf\u00e9 or factory owner is bourgeoisie. \nThe term is widely used in many non-English speaking countries as an approximate equivalent of middle class. \nAs the bourgeoisie are not its opposing counterpart proletariat, they don't have to be a labourer doing menial work for money. And if they do any work that gets them money, then it's only because of the many proletariat people beneath them, who generated their wealth through their labour, of which the higher up bourgeoisie person took a cut (commission). \nHistory.\nBourgeoisie is a French word that was borrowed directly into English in the sense that is explained above. \nThe French word \"bourgeois\" comes from the Old French word \"burgeis\", meaning \"an inhabitant of a town\". (cf. Middle English \"burgeis\", Middle Dutch \"burgher\" and German \"B\u00fcrger\"). The Old French word \"burgeis\" comes from \"bourg\", meaning a market town or medieval village, itself derived from Late Latin \"burgus\", meaning \"fortress\""}
+{"id": "96865", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96865", "title": "C\u00e9sar Awards", "text": "The C\u00e9sar Awards are the best-known movie awards in France. The \"Acad\u00e9mie des Arts et Techniques du Cinema\" has given this award every year since 1975."}
+{"id": "96866", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96866", "title": "Cesar Award", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96867", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96867", "title": "Status", "text": "Status is a state, condition or situation. In common usage it may refer to:"}
+{"id": "96868", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96868", "title": "Social status", "text": "In sociology or anthropology, social status is the honor or rank of one's position in society. People earn social status by their own work. This is call \"achieved status\". Or, people can have a place in a social system by birth. This inherited position is called \"ascribed status\"."}
+{"id": "96874", "revid": "687039", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96874", "title": "Left wing", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96880", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96880", "title": "Wartburg Rural District", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96883", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96883", "title": "Bergstra\u00dfe", "text": "Bergstra\u00dfe or Bergstrasse can mean many things, including:"}
+{"id": "96885", "revid": "1341110", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96885", "title": "Bergstra\u00dfe (district)", "text": "Bergstra\u00dfe (German: \"Landkreis Bergstra\u00dfe\", Hessian: \"Londgr\u00e4\u00e4s Bergschdroo\u00df\") is a rural district in south Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1938. Two old districts, Bensheim and Heppenheim, joined and became Bergstra\u00dfe.\nGeography.\nThe district is in the Odenwald mountains. Melibokus as the highest elevation at 517 meters. The \"Bergstra\u00dfe\" is a tourist route which from Darmstadt to Wiesloch. The northern part of this route goes through the district and gave it its name."}
+{"id": "96897", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96897", "title": "Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96899", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96899", "title": "Treaty of Arras", "text": "The treaties of Arras can be one of two treaties:"}
+{"id": "96900", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96900", "title": "Treaty of Arras (1435)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96902", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96902", "title": "Ernestine duchy", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96914", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96914", "title": "Social class", "text": "In sociology, Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures.\nThere are various ways to divide classes. The \"working class\" do hard work for others. Where money is used, they are paid for it, but they seldom have much money. Where money is used little, as in feudalism, or not at all, as in the Inca Empire there are still classes.\nHistorians usually see two other groups - people who are rich or have a lot of influence, called the \"upper class\", and all the remaining people who are in between, called the \"middle class\".\nNot all societies have social classes. Scientists have found no proof for hierarchical power structures during the Stone Age.\nDeterminants of class.\nIn societies where classes exist, one's class is determined largely by:\nIn the United Kingdom there are upper class, middle class, working class and underclass people."}
+{"id": "96924", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96924", "title": "Drive-thru", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96926", "revid": "9073479", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96926", "title": "M\u00fcmliswil-Ramiswil", "text": "M\u00fcmliswil-Ramiswil is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96927", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96927", "title": "Nennigkofen", "text": "Nennigkofen was a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of L\u00fcsslingen and Nennigkofen merged to form the new municipality of L\u00fcsslingen-Nennigkofen."}
+{"id": "96928", "revid": "9073252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96928", "title": "Neuendorf, Switzerland", "text": "Neuendorf is a municipality in the district G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96929", "revid": "1032643", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96929", "title": "Niederbuchsiten", "text": "Niederbuchsiten is a municipality in the district G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "96930", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96930", "title": "Barahona Province", "text": "Barahona is a Dominican province. It is in the southwestern part of the country. Its capital city is Santa Cruz de Barahona.\nIt was created as a \"Maritime District\", an old category given to some regions along the coast, on 12 September 1881. The Dominican Constitution of 1907 changed the Maritime Districts to provinces.\nName.\nThe province takes the name from its capital city, Santa Cruz de Barahona. Barahona is a Spanish last name, and it seems that a Spanish colonist with that name lived in the area.\nLocation.\nBarahona is bordered to the northwest by the province of Baoruco, to the northeast by Azua, to the west by the Independencia province. The Pedernales province is to the southwest and south of Barahona and the Caribbean Sea is to the east.\nHistory.\nThe province was part of the old Azua. It was created as a Maritime District on 12 September 1881 with the municipalities of Santa Cruz de Barahona, Cabral, Duverg\u00e9, Enriquillo and Neiba. Its category was changed to province by the Dominican Constitution of 1907.\nTwo new provinces were created from the original province of Barahona. The Baoruco Province was created in 1943 and then the Pedernales Province in 1957.\nCabral and Enriquillo are municipalities of the province since 1907; later, other municipalities were created: Para\u00edso in 1974; Vicente Noble in 1978; Las Salinas and Polo in 2001; El Pe\u00f1\u00f3n in 2002; Fundaci\u00f3n in 2003; and La Ci\u00e9naga and Jaquimeyes in 2004.\nThe municipal districts of the province were created in:\nPopulation.\nIn (last national census), there were people living in the Barahona province, and 156,513 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km\u00b2.\nIts population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 14th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.\n, the total estimated propulation of the province is 188,820 inhabitants.\nThe largest city of the province is Santa Cruz de Barahona, its head municipality or capital, with a population (in 2010) of 62,054 inhabitants.\nGeography.\nThe Barahona province has a total area of . It has 3.6% of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 12th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province. The altitude of Santa Cruz de Barahona, provincial capital, is .\nThere are two important regions in the province: the valley of the Yaque del Sur river, in the north of the province, and the \"Sierra de Bahoruco\" (\"Bahoruco mountain range\"). Because the Sierra de Bahoruco gets to the coast, most of the population lives on the coast or near the river Yaque del Sur; the only town in the mountains is Polo.\nThe eastern part of Sierra de Neiba is in the northwest of the province and the Sierra Mart\u00edn Garc\u00eda is the limit with the Azua Province, in the northeast.\nThe valley of the river Yaque del Sur is an important farming centre in the southwest because people here uses the water of the river to grow different crops, mainly plantain and sugar cane. The Rinc\u00f3n lake is in this valley; fishing is an important activity in this lake.\nThe Sierra de Bahoruco is in the rest of the province (south, center and west); the part of the Sierra de Bahoruco that is in the province of Barahona is called \"Bahoruco Oriental\" (Eastern Bahoruco) because it is different from the rest of the mountain range. While pines are common in the Sierra de Bahoruco, they are not common in Eastern Bahoruco where there are rainforests because those mountains, and the province, have the Caribbean Sea to the east and winds bring a lot of water that falls on the mountains.\nThe highest mountain in Eastern Bahoruco is Pie de Palo (1,603 m). Other high mountains are Trocha de Pey (1,476 m), La Torre (1,455 m) and Loma Remigio (1,287 m).\nThe most important river of the province is Yaque del Sur. Other rivers are Niza\u00edto (23\u00a0km long) and Bahoruco (14\u00a0km). The river San Rafael is only 3\u00a0km long but many persons go there during summer to enjoy its cool waters and part of its water is taken to the city of Barahona.\nThe climate of the province is a tropical climate, very hot and dry in the valley, but it is cooler on the mountains. In the valley, cacti and other plants of dry regions are common. Rainforests are common in the mountains of the province because it rains a lot in the Bahoruco Oriental.\nThere are three important roads in the province, and they get to the border with Haiti. One of them goes through the province from north to south and gets to Pedernales after crossing the Sierra de Bahoruco by the coast.\nThe other two roads get to Jiman\u00ed; they go around the Lake Enriquillo, one by the northern side and the other by the southern side of the lake.\nMunicipalities.\nThere are 11 municipalities and 11 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:\nEconomy.\nThe main economic activity of the province is agriculture; the main products are coffee in the mountains and plantain and sugar cane in the valley of the river Yaque del Sur.\nOther important economic activities are industry (sugar and textiles) in Santa Cruz de Barahona and fishing along the Caribbean coast."}
+{"id": "96935", "revid": "9974069", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96935", "title": "Black bread mold", "text": "Black bread molds (\"Rhizopus stolonifer\") is a common type of fungus. \nIt grows and reproduces the same way that most molds do. In asexual reproduction, the mold makes spores inside a \"sporangium\". When the spores are ready to leave and spread more mold, the sporangium breaks open door and lets the spores float out of the world. \nIn sexual reproduction its hyphaes touch the hyphae of another \"Rhizopus\" mycelium. When they fuse, they make round balls called \"zygospores\". After some time, the zygospore makes another sporangium, which then makes spores. During this sexual process, genetic recombination takes place, as with all eukaryotes.\nWhen the spores land on a suitable place, they begin to grow. They very quickly start making \"hyphae\", small tendrils that look like roots. Hyphae are part of the mycelium. The mycelium is the main part of the mold, and grows inside the bread. Black bread mold grows fast when the temperature is higher than 15 degrees Celsius and lower than 5\u00b0C.\nBlack bread mold is found in all countries of the world. It is often found growing on bread and on soft fruits such as bananas and grapes. Because the mold spores are airborne."}
+{"id": "96946", "revid": "10288137", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96946", "title": "Dentistry", "text": "Dentistry is a specialty in medicine, which is practiced by a dentist. Dentists find out what's wrong, fix, and help prevent problems with teeth. A dentist has other people that help him with their job. Dental hygienists help people keep their teeth clean. A dental assistant helps the dentist when they are treating a patient. Dental surgeons will perform surgery to fix large or dangerous problems with people's teeth. There are also dentists called orthodontists, who can move people's teeth using braces. Dental surgeons and orthodontists are called specialists."}
+{"id": "96948", "revid": "1661601", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96948", "title": "Toyota Tundra", "text": "The Toyota Tundra is a full-size pickup truck. It is sold by Toyota in the United States, Turkey, and Canada. The Tundra was first sold in 2000. The truck is bigger than the Toyota Tacoma. There are four different versions of the Tundra. These are the original, \"base\", version and the \"SR5\", \"Grade\", and \"CrewMax\" versions. The Tundra is made in San Antonio, Texas. The design of the truck was changed in 2007 and 2021. The Tundra was a replacement for the Toyota T100 pickup, a bigger version of the Toyota Hi-Lux."}
+{"id": "96949", "revid": "656019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96949", "title": "Toyota Celica", "text": "The Toyota Celica was a sports car made by Toyota. Toyota stopped selling the Celica in 2005 due to low sales and it was replaced by the Scion tC. The first Celicas were made in 1970."}
+{"id": "96950", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96950", "title": ""beat-em up"", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96951", "revid": "9822699", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96951", "title": "Toyota 4Runner", "text": "The Toyota 4Runner is a sport utility vehicle made by Toyota. Toyota makes the 4Runner in Tahara, Japan as well as the Hino factory. The 4Runner was first sold in 1984 as a camper version of the Toyota Hi-Lux, sharing the same parts and engines. The 4Runner got a bigger V6 engine in 1988. Toyota has redesigned the 4Runner in many years of its life. The 4Runner was sold as a 2-door model alongside the 4-door until 1992. The 4Runner's competition comes from the Nissan Pathfinder, Jeep Grand Cherokee, and Chevrolet Blazer. The 4Runner was a compact SUV."}
+{"id": "96954", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96954", "title": "Rhythmic gymnastics", "text": "Rhythmic gymnastics (short: RG) is a type of gymnastics. Rhythmic gymnasts perform on a floor with an apparatus, accompanied by music, in individual or group events. Gymnasts manipulate one or two apparatus: rope, hoop, ball, clubs, and ribbon. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that combines elements of gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The victor is the participant who earns the most points, determined by a panel of judges, for leaps, balances, pirouettes, flexibility, apparatus handling, execution, and artistic effect.\nRhythmic gymnastics developed from other sports. It is influenced by group gymnastics, classical ballet, German apparatus work, and the Swedish free exercise method.\nInternational competitions are split between juniors, under sixteen by their year of birth; and seniors, for women sixteen and over again by their year of birth. The largest events in the sport are the Olympic Games, World Championships, and World Cups.\nRhythmic gymnastics was officially recognized by FIG in 1963. The first time rhythmic gymnastics was in the Olympics was in 1984 in Los Angeles. That year, a Canadian gymnast called Lori Fung won the individual competition. In 1996, rhythmic gymnastics group competitions were added to the Olympics.\nRope.\nThe length of the rope depends on how tall the gymnast using it is. They swing the rope, throw and catch the rope, make figure-eights, and more. They also leap and jump through the rope while they are holding it.\nHoop.\nThe hoop is made of wood. Gymnasts toss it and catch it, spin it, swing it, and roll it in many different ways.\nBall.\nBalls used in rhythmic gymnastics are made with rubber or soft plastic. Gymnasts throw balls and catch them, bounce and roll them, balance the ball on their hand, and do waves and circles.\nClubs.\nThe clubs are another piece of equipment that rhythmic gymnasts use. The clubs look similar to bowling pins or bottles. They are made of wood or plastic. Gymnasts use the clubs to do circles, throws, swings, plus tapping.\nGroup.\nThe group routine is a little bit different. It\u2019s not a piece of equipment; it\u2019s just a different kind of routine. In the group event, five rhythmic gymnasts will do a routine together. The gymnasts have to work together to make the routine work. In a group routine, gymnasts will exchange whatever equipment they are using with each other."}
+{"id": "96960", "revid": "821211", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96960", "title": "Wealth", "text": "Wealth often means that much money is available. But there are several other aspects that can be more important. If one thinks of single persons one will look at their personal property or assets like land and livestock. Looking at countries one thinks of GDP per capita and of natural capital. \nThe original meaning of the old English word for \"weal\", where wealth comes from, was \"well-being\" or welfare. (It was an adjective.)\nWealth, in the traditional sense, refers to the accumulation of valuable resources or assets. This includes tangible items such as real estate, valuable commodities, stocks, bonds, and savings. \nFor individuals, wealth is often measured by the total value of their assets minus liabilities. \nFor countries, wealth is assessed by factors like national resources, infrastructure, and the overall economic output. Wealth can also be influenced by factors such as access to capital, natural resources, and human labor, which contribute to a nation's ability to produce goods and services and sustain economic growth over time."}
+{"id": "96962", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96962", "title": "Qualification", "text": "The term qualification may mean:"}
+{"id": "96963", "revid": "9897575", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96963", "title": "Professional certification", "text": "Professional certification, or professional designation, often called simply \"certification\" or \"qualification\", is a certification a person gets to assure that he/she is qualified to perform a job or task.\nCertifications are very common in aviation, construction, technology and other industrial sectors, as well as health care and finance."}
+{"id": "96971", "revid": "7704889", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96971", "title": "Darmstadt (region)", "text": "Darmstadt (German: \"Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt\", Hessian: \"Regierungsbezirk Damstadt\") is one of the three Regierungsbezirk of Hesse, Germany. It is in the south of the state."}
+{"id": "96972", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96972", "title": "Nebula", "text": "A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases in a galaxy.\nThe Persian astronomer, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, mentioned a true nebula for the first time in his book, \"Book of Fixed Stars\" (964). He said that there was a \"little cloud\" near the Andromeda galaxy.\nOrigin.\nA nebula is usually made up of hydrogen gas and plasma. It may be the first stage of a star's cycle, but it may also be one of the last stages.\nMany nebulae or stars form from the gravitational collapse of gas in the interstellar medium or ISM. As the material contracts, massive stars may form in the center, and their ultraviolet radiation ionises the surrounding gas, making it visible at optical wavelengths.\nThe size of these nebulae, known as H II regions, varies depending on the size of the original cloud of gas. These are sites where star formation occurs. The formed stars are sometimes known as a young, loose cluster.\nSome nebulae are formed as the result of supernova explosions, the death throes of massive, short-lived stars. The materials thrown off from the supernova explosion are ionized by the energy and the compact object that it can produce. One of the best examples of this is the Crab nebula, in Taurus. The supernova event was recorded in the year 1054 and is labelled SN 1054. The compact object that was created after the explosion lies in the center of the Crab Nebula and is a neutron star.\nOther nebulae may form as planetary nebulae. This is the final stage of a low-mass star's life, like Earth's Sun. Stars with a mass up to 8-10 solar masses evolve into red giants and slowly lose their outer layers during pulsations in their atmospheres. When a star has lost enough material, its temperature increases and the ultraviolet radiation it emits can ionize the surrounding nebula that it has thrown off. The nebula is 97% Hydrogen and 3% Helium with trace materials.\nIn the past galaxies and star clusters were also called 'nebulae', but no longer. Nebulae can be sorted by what they look like and why we can see them.\nStar-forming regions and diffuse nebulae.\nLarge regions of ionised hydrogen gas are produced by star-forming regions. Nebulae are often star-forming regions, such as in the Orion complex. In these regions gravitation pulls together gas and dust. Material clumps together to form larger masses, which attract further matter. Eventually this become massive enough to form stars. The material left over may form planets and other planetary system objects.\nEmission nebulae / H II regions.\nEmission nebulae make their own light. They are often called H II regions, because it is the ionized hydrogen which makes them glow. Usually the gases in an emission nebula are ionized. This makes them emit light and infra-red radiation.\nReflection nebulae.\nReflection nebulae reflect light from nearby stars.\nDark nebulae.\nDark nebulae do not emit light or reflect light. They block the light from stars that are far away.\nPlanetary nebulae.\nPlanetary nebulae are quite common, because they are produced by red giant stars late in their lives. These stars usually become white dwarfs, leaving behind an expanding ball of ionized gas, which we see as a roughly circular bright nebula.\nSupernova remnants.\nA supernova occurs when a high-mass star reaches the end of its life. When nuclear fusion in the core of the star stops, the star collapses and explodes . The expanding shell of gas forms a supernova remnant. The Crab nebula is a supernova remnant which probably exploded in 1054 AD. Light and X-ray emission from supernova remnants comes from ionized gas. There is a huge amount of radio emission called synchrotron emission. This emission originates from high-velocity electrons oscillating in magnetic fields."}
+{"id": "96977", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96977", "title": "Nebulae", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96981", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96981", "title": "Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96985", "revid": "5400", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96985", "title": "Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96986", "revid": "487619", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96986", "title": "Database schema", "text": "In computer science a \"schema\" or database schema describes the structure of a database in a formal language that is supported by the database management system. Using the database schema, it is possible to create a blueprint of the database. This blueprint will not contain any data. The database schema uses logical formulas to create integrity constraints. It is not possible to insert data into the database that violates these integrity constraints. All contraints use the same language. \nThere are different kinds of database schemas:\nIdeally, a database schema should have the following properties:"}
+{"id": "96987", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96987", "title": "Ernst Haeckel", "text": "Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 \u2013 9 August 1919) was an influential German zoologist, naturalist, and artist. He was also a philosopher and physician, but in those fields he is not regarded as particularly notable. He was an atheist. He left the Lutheran church in 1910. He is regarded as a pioneer of eugenics and Nazi eugenics in Germany.\nWorks.\nHaekel was professor of comparative anatomy at the University of Jena, where he worked for 47 years, from 1862 to 1909. Haekel discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a tree of life relating all life forms. He coined many terms in biology, including \"ecology\", \"phylum\", \"phylogeny\", \"stem cell\", and the kingdom \"Protista.\" Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the controversial recapitulation theory (\"ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny\"). This claimed that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development.\nThe published artwork of Haeckel includes over 100 detailed, multi-colour illustrations of animals and sea creatures. As a philosopher, Ernst Haeckel wrote \"Die Weltr\u00e4tsel\" (1895\u20131899, \"The Riddle of the Universe\", 1901), and \"Freedom in Science and Teaching\" to support teaching evolution.\nHaeckel was a member of the nationalist and antisemitic Pan-German League (German: \"Altdeutscher Verband\") and of the peace organization Verband f\u00fcr internationale Verst\u00e4ndigung.\nBooks.\nHaekel wrote many books, some of them in multi-volumes. Among the most notable are:"}
+{"id": "96988", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96988", "title": "Disney World", "text": ""}
+{"id": "96992", "revid": "10192394", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96992", "title": "Lunar eclipse", "text": "A lunar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon. It happens when the moon passes through the shadow of the Earth. Lunar eclipses happen about twice a year, unlike total solar eclipses that are sometimes more than a year apart. They can be seen from a much larger portion of the Earth compared to solar eclipses. Lunar eclipses can last for a few hours, but total solar eclipses last only a few minutes. \nDuring a lunar eclipse, the Moon looks red brown. It may be thought that the Moon is completely black because of the Earth's shadow, but no. The reddish-brown colour is because some of the Sun's light bends through the Earth's atmosphere and shines on the Moon. Refraction is greater for red light rays than for others, so red is what strikes the Moon.\nLike solar eclipses, there are different types of lunar eclipses. There are total eclipses, where the moon passes completely through Earth's shadow and all of the moon appears reddish-brown. A partial eclipse occurs when only part of the moon passes through Earth's shadow and so only part of the moon appears reddish.\nLunar eclipses are safe to view with your naked eyes and also with telescopes.\nAlthough it is safe to see the lunar eclipse with your naked eyes one should never see a solar eclipse with the naked eyes as the rays damage the retina of the eye.\nA lunar eclipse occurs when the moon enters the shadow of the earth, while revolving around it. At this time, it is necessary that the earth is between the sun and the moon, and all three of them are in the same plane. On a full moon day, the moon's path of revolution passes thought the thick shadow of the earth.\nIf the moon is totally hidden within the shadow, we see a total lunar eclipse and if only a part of the moon is in the shadow, we see a partial lunar eclipse."}
+{"id": "96994", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96994", "title": "Max Weber", "text": "Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (pronounced: maks \u02c8ve\u02d0b\u0250) (21 April 1864 \u2013 14 June 1920) was a German political economist and sociologist who was considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology and public administration. \nWorks.\nHe began his career at the University of Berlin, and later worked at Freiburg University, University of Heidelberg, University of Vienna and University of Munich. He had influence on German politics of his time, because he was an advisor to Germany's negotiators at the Treaty of Versailles and to the commission that drafted the Weimar Constitution.\nWeber is known for his work in the sociology of religion. His most famous work is his essay \"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism\".\nHe disagreed with Karl Marx's view that class structure was the way to view how society worked. He believed that human values affected how people acted throughout history."}
+{"id": "96995", "revid": "8308711", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=96995", "title": "Weimar Constitution", "text": "The Constitution of the German Reich (German: \"Die Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches\"), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (\"Weimarer Verfassung\") was the constitution that governed the Weimar Republic (1919-1933). The constitution technically remained in effect during the Third Reich from 1933 to 1945.\nThe German state's official name was \"Deutsches Reich\" until the adoption of the 1949 constitution. \nOrigin.\nFollowing the end of World War I, a German National Assembly gathered in the town of Weimar, in the state of Thuringia, in January 1919 to write a constitution for the \"Reich\". The nation was to be a democratic federal republic, governed by a president and parliament.\nThe constitution was drafted by the lawyer and liberal politician \"Hugo Preuss\", who was then state secretary in the Ministry of the Interior and later became Minister of the Interior."}
+{"id": "97003", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97003", "title": "Guitar Hero III Mobile", "text": "Guitar Hero III Mobile is a music video game for mobile phones. It was made by MachineWorks Northwest LLC and sold by Hands-On Mobile. It is the newest game in the \"Guitar Hero\" series, and was released on December 20, 2007, in North America for people using Verizon Wireless.\nMaking the game.\n\"Guitar Hero III Mobile\" was programmed by Robinson Technologies (shortened to RTSoft), with help from MachineWorks Northwest LLC. The graphics for the game were made by Anthem Game Group.\nGameplay.\nPlaying \"Guitar Hero III Mobile\" is similar to playing other games in the \"Guitar Hero\" series. \"Mobile\" uses 3 frets instead of 5. Each column of numbered keys on a phone's keypad is a fret. The numbered keys used are \"1\", \"4\", and \"7\" for green notes, \"2\", \"5\", and \"8\" for red notes, and \"3\", \"6\", and \"9\" for yellow notes. Once the note(s) reach the bottom, the player must play the note(s) by pressing or holding down the number key(s) in order to score points. Players can turn on Star Power to get more points by the \"*\" (star) button on the keypad or the \"OK\" button in the center of the directional pad.\nSoundtrack.\n\"Guitar Hero III Mobile\" has 15 songs to play from \"Guitar Hero II\" and \"\". Every month, more songs can be downloaded."}
+{"id": "97005", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97005", "title": "Polymath", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97006", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97006", "title": "Avicenna", "text": "Ibn Sina (Persian/Tajik: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627; 980 \u2013 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a Muslim polymath and the most important doctor and Islamic philosopher of his time.\nHe wrote about 450 works on a wide range of subjects, and about 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.\nHis most famous works are \"The Book of Healing\"\u00a0\u2013 a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and \"The Canon of Medicine\"\u00a0\u2013 a medical encyclopedia.\nHe is also known as Pour Sina (), which means \"Son of Sina\" in English. His full name in Arabic is (). In English, he is usually called \"Avicenna\" (), his Latinized name. Among his followers, he was/is known as al-Sheikh al-Ra'is.\nEarly life.\nAvicenna was born near Bukhara, which at the time was ruled by Samanid dynasty. His father was a government official and his home served as a meeting place for men of learning. Avicenna had educated teachers while growing up. By age 14, he had mastered many subjects and had already memorized the Quran. From the age of 14 to 18, he taught himself because he could not find a tutor to provide more information than he already knew. He began to practice and learn about medicine at 16. He also learned about law and natural sciences. He was good at all subjects but decided medicine was easier for him than mathematics or metaphysics. Sometime before he turned 18 years old, he cured a Samanid emir. Because of his he was allowed into the royal libraries of the Samanid dynasty. By the age of 18, he had become a master of the most important works of science in his time. Also, his reputation as a doctor had grown. At 20, he was regarded as one of the wisest people of his time.\nWritings.\nBesides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's works includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics and poetry.\nLater life.\nFrom 1015 to 1022, Avicenna was a high official and doctor to the ruler of Hamedan in western Iran. After the ruler of Hamedan died Avicenna was put in prison. He was released four months later when Hamadan was captured by Al\u0101 al-Dawla, the ruler of Isfahan. Al\u0101 al-Dawla only captured Hamadan for a short period of time. Avicenna escaped, disguised as a dervish, to Isfahan to work for Al\u0101 al-Dawla as a doctor. In 1030, the Ghaznavids attacked Isfahan and some of Avicenna's work was lost and possibly stolen. He died during an attack on the city of Hamedan."}
+{"id": "97008", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97008", "title": "Hafiz (Qur'an)", "text": "Hafith or Hafiz (Arabic: \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 or \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638, plural \"huffaz\"), literally meaning 'guardian', is a term used by Muslims for people who have learnt completely the Qur'an by heart. \nOverview.\nThe Islamic prophet Muhammad lived in the 7th century CE, in Arabia. In those times, many people were not literate. The Arabs preserved their histories, genealogies, and poetry by memory alone. When Muhammad proclaimed the verses later collected as the Qur'an, his followers naturally learnt the words by heart."}
+{"id": "97009", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97009", "title": "Alina Kabayeva", "text": "Alina Kabaeva (; born 12 May 1983) is a Russian former rhythmic gymnast. She started competing since she was 12, and retired when she was 24. She won many medals at World Championships, two Olympic medals (one bronze, one gold) and she came up with some of the flexibility-required moves in the sport. She was trained by Irina Viner. Now she works for State Duma.\nKabayeva is rumored to be Russian President Vladimir Putin's girlfriend."}
+{"id": "97011", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97011", "title": "Seikan Tunnel", "text": " The Seikan Tunnel\uff08Ja:\u9752\u51fd\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\uff09is a railway tunnel in Japan. It connects Hokkaido to Aomori Prefecture. This tunnel is the second longest transport tunnel in the world. The tunnel is 53.85 km (33.49 miles) long. 23.3\u00a0km (14.5 mile) of the tunnel is underwater. There are two stations in the tunnel.\nHistory.\nThe means of transportation from Hokkaido to Honshu was the Seikan ship until Seikan tunnel was completed. It took about 3 hours. However, it had some troubles. For example, the sea route was not safe. The Toyamaru accident in 1954 had 1155 dead and some missing people, caused by Typhoon Number 15 Roke. because of that reason, the plan that constructing Seikan Tunnel from Hokkaido to Honshu was becoming a reality. At first, the east route and west route was considered. In the west route, the deepest depth of water was 140 meters and the nature of the soil was easy to drill rocks, so west route was then chosen.\nTechniques.\nThe tunnel can be entered by the Shinkansen (bullet train). The inner structure of the tunnel was planned to have three bullet train's rails. Because half of this tunnel is under the bottom of the sea, the workers who built this tunnel were worried about seawater. So, they used new construction techniques. For example, laser measurement, 2150m horizontal drilling, pouring water glass and cement into soft bedrock. These techniques were paid attention to by all of the world at that time. There is still much water, so the seawater that is collected is placed in the tunnel and is pumped out of the tunnel.\nStations.\nThere are two stations in Seikan tunnel. Tappikaitei Station opened in Aza-Minmayatatsuhama, Sotogahama-machi, Higashitsugaru-gun, Aomori on March 13, 1988. And Yoshiokakaitei Station opened in Tatesaki, Fukushima-cho, Matsumae-gun, Hokkaido on March 13, 1988. If passengers have a special ticket, they can get off the train at the stations to look around. These are located in 149.5 meters under the seabed and there are 2247 steps of stairs to the surface. Also, these stations have shelters for train fires and blackouts. Tappikaitei Station and Yoshiokakaitei Station became the service stop each on November 10, 2013 and August 27, 2013. However, these stations were closed on March 15, 2014, because the number of passengers who used these stations, was not a lot."}
+{"id": "97021", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97021", "title": "Punch Brothers", "text": "Punch Brothers is an American bluegrass band. Its members include Chris Thile (mandolin), Gabe Witcher (fiddle), Chris Eldridge (guitar), Greg Garrison (bass), and Noam Pikelny (banjo). They have made one album, \"Punch\", which was released on February 26, 2008 on Nonesuch Records."}
+{"id": "97022", "revid": "1104831", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97022", "title": "Mike Marshall", "text": "Mike Marshall (born 1957) is an American mandolinist. Over the years, he has worked with artists such as Chris Thile and David Grisman."}
+{"id": "97024", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97024", "title": "Edgar Meyer", "text": "Edgar Meyer is an American Grammy Award-winning double bassist. Over the years, he has worked with classical and bluegrass artists such as Joshua Bell, Yo-Yo Ma, B\u00e9la Fleck, Sam Bush, James Taylor, Jerry Douglas, Mike Marshall, Mark O'Connor, Alison Krauss, the members of Nickel Creek, and Mary Chapin Carpenter."}
+{"id": "97025", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97025", "title": "Jerry Douglas", "text": "Jerry Douglas (born May 28, 1956) is an American Grammy Award-winning dobro player. He was born in Warren, Ohio. Over the years, he has worked with musicians including Ray Charles, Peter Rowan, B\u00e9la Fleck, Emmylou Harris, Phish, Chris Thile, Dolly Parton, Paul Simon, Ricky Skaggs, Bill Frisell, John Fogerty, Nanci Griffith, Tony Rice, and James Taylor."}
+{"id": "97026", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97026", "title": "2-1-1", "text": "2-1-1 is a special telephone number in the United States and Canada. It was made to be easy to remember. Calling the number lets people get information quickly about health organizations. It can also be called in an emergency.\nHistory.\nNew York Telephone (now part of Verizon) used the 2-1-1 number for many years. It was an automatic, meaning it worked by itself, number for phone numbers that were dialed wrongly. 2-1-1 was used this way from the 1970s through the early 2000s. \nThe city of Atlanta started a new way of using 2-1-1 in 1997. This new way of using it was similar to how it is used now. After Atlanta, many other cities and states started to use it as a special number to call in an emergency. 5-1-1 is also used for this."}
+{"id": "97027", "revid": "8388791", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97027", "title": "3-1-1", "text": "3-1-1 is a special telephone number used for non-emergency call to municipal services. It is used in several cities in Canada and the United States. 3-1-1 was created to receive many of the calls which commonly were made to 9-1-1 which were common questions and not emergencies. \nAvailability.\nUnited States.\n3-1-1 is available in several major American cities, including: Akron, Albuquerque, Austin, Baltimore, Charlotte, Chattanooga, Chicago, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Hartford, Houston, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Little Rock, Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Mobile, Nashville, New York City, Rochester, Orlando, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose, Somerville, and Washington, D.C..\nCanada.\nThe service is available in the following communities (with starting date):\nOther Canadian municipalities are expected to use 3-1-1 in the near future. These include Edmonton, Winnipeg and Toronto."}
+{"id": "97031", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97031", "title": "Oleander", "text": "Oleander, \"Nerium oleander\", is a poisonous shrub. It is commonly used in gardens because of its pink colored flowers. \"Nerium oleander\" is native to northern Africa, the eastern Mediterranean basin and southeast Asia. Oleander prefers dry, warm climates and may naturalize in such areas. Recently, scientific studies on cardenolide oleandrin show that it may be used to prevent mutagenesis."}
+{"id": "97045", "revid": "1110", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97045", "title": "Aon Center (Chicago)", "text": "Aon Center is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 346 meters (1,136 feet) tall and has 83 floors. It was built in 1973 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world and the third tallest in Chicago.\nAt first it was named the Standard Oil Building, but when the name of the company changed in 1985 it became the Amoco Building. The building was sold and became the Aon Center in 1999."}
+{"id": "97046", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97046", "title": "Aon Center", "text": "The Aon Center is the name of two buildings."}
+{"id": "97051", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97051", "title": "875 North Michigan Avenue", "text": "875 North Michigan Avenue is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It was formerly known as the John Hancock Center. It is 344 meters (1,127 feet) tall and has 100 floors, including an observation deck on the 94th floor (1,000\u00a0ft). It was built in 1969 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.\nName change.\nOn February 12, 2018, John Hancock Insurance requested that its name and logos throughout the building's interior be removed immediately; John Hancock had not had a naming-rights deal with the skyscraper's owners since 2013. Until a new naming-rights deal is finalized, the skyscraper will be known as \"875 North Michigan Avenue\".\nFeatures.\nFrom the 95th-floor restaurant, diners can look out at Chicago and Lake Michigan. It has an observatory floor known as 360 Chicago. 360 Chicago is home to TILT, a moving platform that leans visitors over the edge of the skyscraper to a 30-degree angle. It also has a full bar, and Chicago's only open-air Sky Walk, and also has free interactive high-definition touchscreens in six languages. \nThe 44th-floor sky lobby features the highest indoor swimming pool in the United States.\nOn its 44th floor, the building has a grocery store accessible only to apartment residents and office tenants."}
+{"id": "97053", "revid": "1110", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97053", "title": "Franklin Center (Chicago)", "text": "Franklin Center is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 307 meters (1,007 feet) tall and has 60 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world"}
+{"id": "97054", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97054", "title": "Two Prudential Plaza", "text": "Two Prudential Plaza is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 303 meters (995 feet) tall and has 64 floors. It was built in 1990 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world."}
+{"id": "97055", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97055", "title": "Noam Pikelny", "text": "Noam Pikelny is a United States banjo player and singer-songwriter, famous as a member of Leftover Salmon and Punch Brothers. Pikelny lives in Brooklyn, New York.\nBiography.\nPikelny started playing the banjo when he was 8 years old. He took lessons at the Old Town School of Folk Music in Chicago. In high school, he studied with Greg Cahill from the Chicago bluegrass band The Special Consensus. In 2002, Pikelny joined the band Leftover Salmon, but left in 2004 to play with the John Cowan Band until 2006. He played on their album New Tattoo. That same year, Punch Brothers was formed. Chris Thile from Nickel Creek wanted to start a string quintet and already knew he wanted fiddler Gabe Witcher in the group. After a jam session with Witcher, Pikelny, bassist Greg Garrison, and guitarist Chris Eldridge, Thile decided to form a band. At first, they were called The How to Grow a Band and played on Thile\u2019s solo album How to Grow a Woman from the Ground. In 2007, during Nickel Creek\u2019s farewell tour, the band briefly changed their name to Tensions Mountain Boys, and then to Punch Brothers (named after a short story by Mark Twain). \nTheir first official album, Punch, was released on February 26, 2008, by Nonesuch Records. Pikelny used to live in Skokie, Illinois, and now lives in Nashville, Tennessee. "}
+{"id": "97056", "revid": "373511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97056", "title": "Gabe Witcher", "text": "Gabe Witcher is a United States fiddle player and singer-songwriter, famous as a member of Punch Brothers. Witcher has also toured with artists such as Jerry Douglas."}
+{"id": "97057", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97057", "title": "311 South Wacker Drive", "text": "311 South Wacker Drive is a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It is 293 meters (961 feet) tall and has 65 floors. It was built in 1990 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world."}
+{"id": "97058", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97058", "title": "900 North Michigan", "text": "900 North Michigan is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 265 meters (871 feet) tall and has 66 floors. It was built in 1989 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world"}
+{"id": "97059", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97059", "title": "Bryan Sutton", "text": "Bryan Sutton is a United States guitarist. He also plays many other instruments including mandolin, banjo, and electric guitar. He has performed or recorded with artists such as Ricky Skaggs, Dixie Chicks, Jerry Douglas, Sam Bush, B\u00e9la Fleck, Hot Rize, Chris Thile, and Tony Rice."}
+{"id": "97061", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97061", "title": "Water Tower Place", "text": "Water Tower Place is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 262 meters (859\u00a0feet) tall and has 74 floors. It was built in 1976 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world."}
+{"id": "97062", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97062", "title": "Chase Tower", "text": "Chase Tower is the name of two buildings."}
+{"id": "97063", "revid": "1687111", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97063", "title": "Park Tower", "text": "Park Tower is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 257 meters (844\u00a0feet) tall and has 67 floors. It was built in 2000 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world"}
+{"id": "97064", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97064", "title": "Toltec", "text": "Toltec is used by historians in different ways. It is either used to refer to certain people that lived in what is Mexico today, before Christopher Columbus came there. Some scholars also use the word to refer to the people that later developed into the Aztec civilisation. These people are only known from Aztec stories. It is not known if they actually formed one people or not. "}
+{"id": "97069", "revid": "10155549", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97069", "title": "Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari", "text": "Abi Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838-923 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a) was one of the earliest, most important and famous Persian historians and explainers of the Qur'an, most famous for his \"Tarikh al-Tabari\" (\"History of the Prophets and Kings\") and \"Tafsir al-Tabari\".\nAbu Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari.\nTabari (Persian: \u0637\u0628\u0631\u06cc), Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari, His name means \"father of Jafar, named after the Prophet Muhammad, son of Jarir, from the province of Tabaristan\".\nBiography.\nHe was born in Amol, Tabaristan, some twenty kilometres south of the Caspian Sea, in the winter of 838-9. He was precocious. He left home to study in A.H. 236 (850-1) when he was twelve. He retained close ties to his home town. He did return at least twice, the last time in A.H. 290 (903) when his outspokenness caused some uneasiness and led to his quick departure.\nOther websites.\nTafseer Al-Tabari 13 volume Set By Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 2025-03-27 aljannahbooks.com"}
+{"id": "97070", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97070", "title": "Tabari", "text": "Tabari might mean:"}
+{"id": "97071", "revid": "5400", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97071", "title": "Al-Tabari", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97072", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97072", "title": "Basilica", "text": "A basilica is a large, important church. The word can also be used for an Ancient Roman building that was used for law and meetings. The word \"basilica\" is Latin which was taken from the Greek \"Basilik\u00e9 Sto\u00e0\".\nNowadays the word is used in three ways:\nHistory.\nAncient Rome.\nA Roman basilica was a large hall built for meetings, business and law. A Roman basilica usually had the doors at the long sides of the building. At each end was a semi-circular part where the judges sat. The building usually had two rows of columns, which made a high central part and a lower aisle on either side. The light came in from windows above the columns. As the Roman Empire spread, every city had a basilica.\nEarly Christian basilicas.\nEarly in the 4th century (312 AD), the Roman Emperor Constantine made Christianity the legal religion of the Roman Empire. The Christians who had been worshipping secretly in private houses now wanted to build churches. They did not want the churches to look the same as Roman Temples. They built them to look more like Roman Basilicas. A basilica was a good plan for a Christian church because lots of people could fit inside, and the aisles were useful for people to move around. The semi-circular part at one end, the \"apse\", was just right to put the altar. Christian basilicas usually have the door at one end, rather than at the side. In front of the door there was often a courtyard called an \"atrium\". Most of these atriums have gone, but churches often have a town square or a market place in front of them.\nSome of the oldest Early Christian basilicas were four that were begun in Rome by the Emperor Constantine. Three of them are still standing, but they have had many changes in the last 1,700 years. These are the basilicas of \"Santa Maria Maggiore\", \"St. John Lateran\" and \"St. Paul's outside the Walls\". The fourth basilica was \"'Old St. Peter's\" which was replaced in the 16th and 17th centuries by the present St. Peter's Basilica. Other Early Christian Basilicas were built in Greece and the Holy Land.\nPresent-day basilicas.\nSome basilicas are called \"Ancient Basilicas\". These have been called basilicas since Early Christian or Medieval times. It is their traditional name. Ancient Basilicas include \"the Church of the Holy Sepulchre\" in Jerusalem, \"the Basilica of San Vitale\" in Ravenna and \"the Basilica of San Lorenzo\" in Rome. The four other \"ancient basilicas\" of Rome are called the \"Major Basilicas\". Each \"Major Basilica\" has a throne for the pope and an altar that is specially for the pope to celebrate mass. No-one else can use that altar without the pope's permission. All the other basilicas are called \"Minor Basilicas\".\nNowadays, for a church to be called a \"Minor Basilica\", it has to be given some special privileges or rights by the pope in a document called a \"Papal Brief\". When a church has been made a basilica, the clergy then carry some special symbols when they are in procession. In 2008 there were more than 1,600 basilicas in the world.\nWhy do churches become basilicas?\n \nAncient basilicas.\nMany churches are given the name \"basilica\" to show that they are special in some way. There are very few ancient basilicas that were built on ground associated with Jesus. They are thought of as some of the holiest Christian sites in the world. These include \"the Basilica of the Annunciation\" in Nazareth, \"the Basilica of All Nations\" where Jesus prayed on the Mount of Olives and \"the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre\" in Jerusalem. \"The Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre\" is very unusual because the church is shared by the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.\nMartyrs.\nOther ancient basilicas are places where a saint was martyred (put to death). One of these is \"the Basilica of Saint Stephen\", the first Christian Martyr, which is also in Jerusalem. There are many ancient basilicas which were built on the place where a saint was buried. In Rome there are many basilicas like this, because Rome was a very big city, with many Christian people. The Emperors thought Christianity was dangerous to them, because Christians put the rules of Jesus before the law of the Emperor. Many Christians were martyred. When Christianity became legal, churches were built over the graves of martyrs. These churches often became known as basilicas, because they were in the shape of a Roman basilica. Basilicas built over tombs of martyrs include \"Sant'Agnese outside the Walls\", \"San Lorenzo outside the Walls\", and \"St. Paul's outside the Walls\". The words \"outside the walls\" mean that the burial place of the saint was outside the walls of the city.\nRelics.\nSome basilicas are famous because they have \"relics\" (or bones or perhaps a body part) of a saint. It could also be the case that the relics were reinterred from the original place. If a church housed the body of an important saint, then many people would come on pilgrimage and would dedicate themselves to prayer and the use of the sacraments. Basilicas that have bodies include \"St. Mark's\", Venice, \"St. Nicholas of Bari\", also in Italy, and \"the Basilica of St. Mary Magdalene\" in Vezelay, France. Not all relics are bodies. Basilicas may also hold a famous object like a piece of the True Cross, or the belt worn by the Virgin Mary. People often ask whether all these precious relics are authentic. The Roman Catholic Church does not get into arguments about trying to prove whether the pieces of the Cross, the body parts and other things are real. Sometimes the relic is known to be real. Sometimes there is no way to prove it, either way.\nSaints.\nOther basilicas are churches that were built by a famous saint, were used by a famous saint, or were built to honour the saint, who did not die as a martyr but lived a very holy life. Two of the most famous basilicas of this sort are \"the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi\" and \"the Basilica of St. Anthony of Padua\". Many thousands of pilgrims go to these churches every day to remember two saints who were gentle, humble and taught people to live better lives.\nSigns and Miracles.\nSome basilicas are built because a miracle or special sign took place. The sign might be a vision and might give a plan to build. \"The Basilica of Lourdes\" in France is built at the place where Bernadette Soubirous had a vision of the Virgin Mary. It is an important pilgrimage place. Sometimes the sign is not so strange as a vision. In the Philippines, \"the Basilica del Santo Ni\u00f1o\" was built at the place where a partly burnt box was found in 1565. It contained a little statue of the Christ Child and had been left behind by some Spanish or Portuguese explorers many years earlier. \"Santo Ni\u00f1o\" means \"Holy Child\" in Spanish.\nWell-known basilicas.\nMajor basilicas.\nThe four great Basilicas of Rome, as well as having a seat and an altar for the pope, have a \"Holy Door\" which is only opened for special occasions such as a Jubilee Year."}
+{"id": "97074", "revid": "9883075", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97074", "title": "Middle-earth locations", "text": "This article is about the fictional from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth universe. It includes major regions of the world, geographical features such as rivers, mountains and mountain ranges. The article also included selection of various notable places which were created by Tolkien and used as setting in his many books. \nOther Middle-earth locations.\nArnor.\nArnor was a human realm in Eriador. It was founded by Elendil and his people, who survived the Fall of N\u00famenor near the end of the Second Age. The peoples living in Arnor were the descendants of the N\u00famenorean survivors, and the indigenous human peoples who had lived there before. The capital of Arnor was the city Ann\u00faminas. It was on the shores of Lake Evendim in northern Eriador. Elendil was the first King of Arnor. After his death, his older son Isildur became king.\nAfter the death of E\u00e4rendur, the tenth king, in T.A. 861, his three sons split Arnor into three new lands. Each land a country ruled by one of the sons. These countries were: Arthedain in the west, Cardolan in the south, and Rhudaur in the north. Over time, all three of countries were destroyed in wars against the northern land Angmar. After the War of the Ring, the land again became part of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor. It as ruled by King Elessar Telcontar and his descendants.\nBree-land.\nBree-land is a small region in Eriador, It surrounded the Breehill. The region has four villages. They are : Bree , Archet, Combe and Staddle. The peoples living in the villages of Bree-land are humans and hobbits; This is the only place where these two people live together. The only other place where hobbits live is the Shire. Bree is at the meeting point of two large roads, the Great East Road and the North-South Road. It is an important center of trade and travel.\nErebor.\nThe Lonely Mountain (Sindarin: \"Erebor)\" is a mountain in the northeast of Rhovanion. When the dwarves had to leave their ancient home Khazad-d\u00fbm, it became the new home of Durin's folk. They were led by Thr\u00e1in I, who became \"King under the Mountain\". Later Erebor was attacked by the dragon Smaug, and the dwarves had to flee again. In the story told in \"The Hobbit\", the dragon Smaug is killed and the dwarves again return to the Lonely Mountain. D\u00e1in II Ironfoot becomes new King under the Mountain.\nEsgaroth.\nEsgaroth is a town in the northeast of Rhovanion. It is also known as Lake-town It is built at the Long Lake. the town is south of the Lonely Mountain and east of Mirkwood. It was destroyed by the dragon Smaug during the events of \"The Hobbit\" but was rebuilt.\nFangorn.\nFangorn or Fangorn Forest is a large forest on the eastern side of the southern end of the Misty Mountains. Fangorn is the home of the Ents. They are a people of giant tree-like beings. The Sindarin word \"Fangorn\" translates to \"Beardtree\", Fangoen is also the Sindarin name of the Ent Treebeard.\nGondor.\nGondor is a human realm in southeastern Middle-earth. It was founded by the brothers Isildur and An\u00e1rion and their people, who had survived the Fall of N\u00famenor near the end of the Second Age. During the Third Age, Gondor included the lands beween the sea in the south, the Mountains of Shadow in the east, and the White Mountains in the north. In earlier times, The lands of Gondor reached farther north. The city Osgiliath was the capital of Gondor. It was built over the river Anduin. Isildur also founded the city Minas Ithil. His brother An\u00e1rion founded the city Minas Anor west of the Anduin on the mountain Mindolluin.\nGondor has several regions. Ithilien is in the east, It is between the river Anduin in the west and the Mountains of Shadow in the east. An\u00f3rien was a small land north of the White Mountains. It is between the river Anduin in the east and Rohan in the west. Calenardhon is the land north of the White Mountains. It became Rohan in the 26th century T.A. Enedwaith was northwest of the White Mountains. This region was mostly abandoned in the later part of the Third Age. Between the coast and the White Mountains were several smaller regions. Near the seashore in the south were the regions Anfalas, Belfalas, Dor-en-Ernil, Lebennin, and Lossarnach. Along the Mountains in the north were the Morthond Vale, Lamedon, and the Ringl\u00f3 Vale. Southeast of the Anduin was the region South Gondor.\nAfter the \"War of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men\" against Sauron, Isildur left to rule the northern kingdom Arnor. The son of An\u00e1rion stayed to rule Gondor. During a civil war In the 15th century, the city Osgiliath was destroyed. Minas Anor became the new capital. The Ringwraiths captured Minas Ithil during the rule of King E\u00e4rnur. They changed the name of the city to Minas Morgul. Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (\"Tower of Guard\"). Both cities were always at war. Much of the fighting took place near the old capital of Osgiliath. During the War of the Ring, Sauron won control of Western Osgiliath. This made it possible for his forces to attack Minas Tirith. The Orcs attacked the city but were stopped by the Rohirrim. This let the defenders to charge the enemy. The Battle of the Pelennor Fields was won by the Men of Gondor and Rohan.\nThe last King, E\u00e4rnur, disappeared in 2050 T.A. After this, Gondor was ruled by the \"Stewards of Gondor\" instead of a king until the end of the Third Age. After the War of the Ring, the land became part of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor. It was ruled by King Elessar Telcontar and his descendants.\nGreat East Road.\nThe Great East Road is an ancient road which was made by the dwarves. The road ran from western area of the region Beleriand, over the Ered Luin mountain range, through the Shire, to the Misty Mountains, and to the dwarven lands in the east.\nHelm's Deep.\nHelm's Deep is a deep valley on the north side of the western part of the White Mountains. It is south to the Gap of Rohan. The valley was blocked by a series of hills called Helm's Dike. Helm's Deep is the location of the fortress, Hornburg. The entrance to the Glittering Caves is at the end of the valley.\nIsengard.\nIsengard is a fortress at the southern end of the Misty Mountains. It is in a small valley inside a ring-shaped wall. The wall is called, the Ring of Isengard. In the fortress is a tall black tower, Orthanc. Isengard belonged to Gondor but in the 28th century it was given to Saruman. The fortress has a palant\u00edr. A palantir is ball made of indestructible crystal that is used for communicating with other places. In the War of the Ring, ring-wall was destroyed by the Ents. After the War, the tower Orthanc was given back to King Elessar and the Reunited Kingdom.\nKhazad-d\u00fbm.\nKhazad-d\u00fbm was the ancient home of the Dwarves under the Misty Mountains. It was a large underground city. It also has a system of mines under it. The city was the only place in Middle-earth where the precious metal \"mithril\" could be found. This made the dwarves very rich. Khazad-d\u00fbm was founded by Durin the Deathless early in the First Age. \nIn the Third Age, the dwarves woke a Balrog deep in the mines of Khazad-d\u00fbm. The Balrog killed King Durin VI and many Dwarves. The dwarves that were not killed were forced to leave Khazad-d\u00fbm and find other places to live. Khazad-d\u00fbm got a new name, Moria. In Sindarin. Moria means \"dark pit\".\nLothl\u00f3rien.\nLothl\u00f3rien was an elven realm. It was between the Misty Mountains and the Anduin. The realm was on the land between the rivers Anduin and Silverlode. It was close to the dwarven realm Khazad-d\u00fbm. Lothl\u00f3rien was founded in the Second Age. Amd\u00edr was the first King of Lothl\u00f3rien. The elves of Lothl\u00f3rien fought in the War of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men against Sauron. In the war, Amd\u00edr was killed. His son Amroth became king after him. Amroth later left Lothl\u00f3rien. After he left, the realm was ruled by Lord Celeborn and Lady Galadriel until the end of the Third Age. Caras Galadhon was the main city of Lothl\u00f3rien. Other names of Lothl\u00f3rien are the shortened name L\u00f3rien, and the names Laurelind\u00f3renan, Dwimordene (Rohirric), or The Golden Wood.\nMordor.\nMordor (Sindarin: \"Black Land\" and Quenya: \"Land of Shadow\") is a land in the southeastern part of Middle-earth. It is east of the Anduin. Mordor was the land of Sauron in the Second and Third Ages. Mordor is surrounded by mountain ranges. The Ered Lithui (Sindarin: \"Mountains of Ash\") is a range of mountains to the north of Mordor. The Ephel D\u00faath (Sindarin: Mountains of Shadow) is west of it, Another mountain range in the south. In the northwest is the plateau named Gorgoroth. Sauron's main fortress, Barad-d\u00fbr, is at the base of the Ered Lithui mountains. The volcano Mount Doom is south west of Barad-d\u00fbr. Many parts of Mordor are a wasteland. The southern part of Mordor, around the Sea of N\u00farnen was more fertile. It was used as farmland to feed the armies of Sauron.\nMirkwood.\nMirkwood is a large forest in Rhovanion. The forest was originally known as Greenwood the Great (Sindarin: \"Eryn Galen\"). \nIn the Second Age, an Elven people settled in the Greenwood. They created the Woodland Realm. The capital of the realm was on the hill Amon Lanc. After the Second Age, the Elves went to live farther north. In the 11th century T.A., Sauron chose to live in the hill-fortress of Dol Guldur on Amon Lanc. It was in the south of the forest. His evil influence darkened the woods. It had less of an effect towards the north of the forest. After this, the Greenwood became known as \"Mirkwood\". After the War of the Ring, evil effects of Sauron's influence were removed from the forest. It known as Eryn Lasgalen (Sindarin: \"Wood of Greenleaves\").\nNorth-South Road.\nThe North-South Road is a long road running from the realm of Arnor in the north to Gondor in the south. The road begins in the city Fornost Erain, the capital of Arthedain. It crossesthe Great East Road at Bree, and runs to the southern end of the Misty Mountains. There, the road turned east, towards the cities of Minas Tirith and Osgiliath in Gondor. The road ended at Minas Ithil. A part of the road south of Bree is also known as the Greenway.\nRivendell.\nRivendell (Sindarin: Imladris, Westron: \"Karningul\") was an elven city in eastern Eriador. It was founded in the Second Age by Elrond. He ruled it until the end of the Third Age.\nRohan.\nRohan or the Riddermark (or The Mark) was a human realm in southeastern Middle-earth. It was north of Gondor. Rohan was north of the White Mountains, southeast of Isengard and southwest of the Emyn Muil. It began as a part of Gondor named Calenardhon. The capital of Rohan is Edoras. The king's hall, Meduseld, is at Edoras.\nA plague in 1636 T.A. and the later wars, caused Calenardhon to be mostly empty. Very few people lived there. In 2509 T.A. the Rohirrim came south from the north, to help Gondor fight against an invasion of Men from the north-east and Orcs from Mordor. The Rohirrim helped Gondor win the \"Battle of the Field of Celebrant\" and the war. Steward Cirion of Gondor gave the land Calenardhon to the Rohirrim. The King of the Rohirrim, Eorl the Young, swore the \"Oath of Eorl.\" He said that Rohan would come and help Gondor if it needed help in war. Afterwards, the people of the Rohirrim moved into their new land. They changed the name to the \"Riddermark\" or just \"The Mark\". Gondor called the land \"Rohan\" (Sindarin: \"Land of the Horse-lords\").\nThe Shire.\nThe Shire is a land in Eriador. It is settled by hobbits. Its name in Westron was S\u00fbza \"Shire\" or S\u00fbzat \"The Shire\". Its name in Sindarin was i Drann. The Shire was settled by the hobbits in the 24th century T.A. It is divided into four \"Farthings\": the North-, West-, South- and Eastfarthing. The leaders of the Shire were \"the Mayor\" of Michel Delving, \"the Thain\" from Tuckborough and \"the Master of Buckland\".\nN\u00famenor.\nN\u00famenor was a huge star-shaped island west of Middle-earth in the Second Age. At the beginning of the Age it was given to the human peoples who had helped the elves in the wars against Morgoth. In the middle of the island was the mountain Meneltarma. It was a holy place for the N\u00famenoreans. N\u00famenor was divided into six regions. Each region was in one of each of the five \"star-arm\" and one in the middle. The outer regions were Forostar (\"Northlands\"), Andustar (\"Westlands\"), Hyarnustar (\"Southwestlands\"), Hyarrostar (\"Southeastlands\") and Orrostar (\"Eastlands\") The central region was Mittalmar (\"Inlands\"). In the eastern part of the central region was Arandor (\"Kingsland\"). the capital city Armenelos and the haven R\u00f3menna. \nTheir first king of N\u00famenor was Elros Tar-Minyatur. He was the brother of Elrond. N\u00famenor became the most powerful nation of Men. As time passed, many N\u00famenoreans, including their kings, became power-hungry. They became enemies of the elves. Towards the end of the Second Age, N\u00famenor was ruled by King Ar-Pharaz\u00f4n the Golden. During that time, the island was destroyed and sank in the sea. Only a group of N\u00famenoreans led by Elendil, the \"Elendili\" (\"Elf-friends\") or \"the Faithful\", were not destroyed with the island. They came to Middle-earth and founded the realms Arnor and Gondor. The \"Akallab\u00eath\" is the story of N\u00famenor's history and downfall.\nSome of the many names of N\u00famenor were \"Westernesse\", \"N\u00famen\u00f3r\u00eb\" (Quenya, the long form of \"N\u00famenor\") and \"Anad\u00fbn\u00ea\" (Ad\u00fbnaic), both meaning \"West-land\"; \"Andor\" (Quenya) and \"Y\u00f4z\u00e2yan\" (Ad\u00fbnaic), which both mean \"the Land of the Gift\". Later it was also called \"Atalant\u00eb\" (Quenya) and \"Akallab\u00eath\" (Ad\u00fbnaic), both meaning \"the Downfallen\"."}
+{"id": "97075", "revid": "344989", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97075", "title": "Middle-earth places", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97077", "revid": "755245", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97077", "title": "Rhovanion", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97078", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97078", "title": "Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97079", "revid": "755253", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97079", "title": "Beleriand", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97080", "revid": "755254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97080", "title": "Eriador", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97083", "revid": "755296", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97083", "title": "Anduin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97085", "revid": "1246765", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97085", "title": "Parliamentary system", "text": "A parliamentary system of government means that the executive branch of government has the direct or indirect support of the parliament. \nParliamentary systems often work where the head of government is the leader of the political party with the most members in the parliament.\nThis support is usually shown by a vote of confidence. A balanced relationship between the executive and the legislature in a parliamentary system is called responsible government.\nThe separation of powers between the executive and law making branches is not as obvious as it is in a presidential system. There are different ways of balancing power between the three branches which govern the country (the executive (or ministers), the law makers and the judges).\nParliamentary systems usually have a \"head of government\" and a \"head of state\". They change after their terms are over. The head of government is the prime minister, who has the real power. The head of state may be an elected president or, in the case of a constitutional monarchy, hereditary.\nExamples of a few countries which practice parliamentary systems are India, Italy, Japan, Germany, and Latvia. Parliament is different in every country. "}
+{"id": "97087", "revid": "520728", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97087", "title": "Slavic", "text": "Slavic might mean:"}
+{"id": "97090", "revid": "755324", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97090", "title": "Khazad-d\u00fbm", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97091", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97091", "title": "Political asylum", "text": "Political asylum may be asked for when people are frightened to live in or oppressed in their own country. They then go to another country. If they are allowed to live in the new country, that is called \"political asylum\".\nPeople who seek asylum say that they are victims of threats, physical harm or denigration of their human dignity as violations of their human rights.\nPolitical asylum is one of the human rights affirmed by Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and rules of international human rights law. Every country that has agreed to the \"United Nations Conventions Relating to the Status of Refugees\" must let in people who qualify.\nPeople who qualify for asylum are those who can show that they might be badly treated in their own country for these reasons:\nPeople often confuse exiling individuals from their home country as migration to a political asylum, but that is not as it seems. Migrating with one's own will for personal reasons may be a political migration but not under government.\nThose who are given political asylum are called refugees. They are often confused with \"economic refugees,\" who move from a poor country to a richer one so that they may work and make more money, often to send back to their families."}
+{"id": "97092", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97092", "title": "Neuendorf-Sachsenbande", "text": "Neuendorf-Sachsenbande is a municipality in Wilstermarsch, in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The municipality has an area of . On 31 December 2006, 493 people lived there. The town has the lowest point in Germany, which is below sea level.\nHistory.\nThe town was made on April 15, 2003, when the municipalities of \"Neuendorf bei Wilster\", \"Sachsenbande\", and \"Bredensee\" were all joined together."}
+{"id": "97094", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97094", "title": "Giessen (region)", "text": "Gie\u00dfen is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany. It is in the middle of the state."}
+{"id": "97096", "revid": "755377", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97096", "title": "Sarn Gebir", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97097", "revid": "755378", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97097", "title": "Rauros", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97098", "revid": "755379", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97098", "title": "Rivendell", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97101", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97101", "title": "Cecilia Cheung", "text": "Cecilia Cheung is a Hong Kong actress and C-pop singer. She is the ex-wife of Nicholas Tse and ex-daughter-in-law of Patrick Tse and Deborah Lee. She and Nicholas have two sons, Lucas and Quintus.\nBiography.\nCheung was born at Man Wah Sun Chuen in Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, She is daughter to a Chinese father and a Chinese-British mother. Her parents divorced when she was just a child, after which she was sent to Australia to live with her aunt. Cheung has an elder half-sister, two younger brothers and a younger half-brother from her father's side of the family.\nIn 1998, while helping a hairstylist friend at a catwalk show, she was offered to appear in a TV advertisement advertising lemon tea. Later, Cheung made her movie debut as a young nightclub hostess in Stephen Chow's \"King of Comedy\" in 1999, followed soon after by \"Fly Me to Polaris\". Her role in \"Fly Me to Polaris\" got her the award for Best Newcomer at the Hong Kong Film Awards. In the same year, Cheung launched her singing career with her first C-pop album \"Any Weather\".\nFor Derek Yee's romance-drama \"Lost in Time\" (2003), Cheung won the Best Actress award at the Hong Kong Film Awards. She played a young woman who lost her fianc\u00e9 in a traffic accident which left her as a grieving single mother struggling to make ends meet.\nCheung has been linked to Hong Kong singer-actor Edison Chen and has also dated another Hong Kong singer-actor Daniel Chan. She then dated Nicholas Tse in early 2002, but they split up late that year. Later she was rumored to have dated a younger Lu Siyuan before the relationship ended in 2003. Cheung suffered serious depression and eating disorder after the break up .\nCheung and Tse were first reported to be \"getting back together\" in early 2006 and on July 31 that year, Tse officially admitted dating Cheung in an interview with Commercial Radio Hong Kong 881/903. In September, the same year, Tse showed off his wedding ring at the Hong Kong International Airport, announcing he and Cheung had been married in a secret wedding ceremony in the Philippines.\nOn the 8 January 2007 episode of TVB's \"Entertainment Scoop (\u6771\u5f35\u897f\u671b)\", Cheung was publicly confirmed by Nicholas' father, Patrick Tse to be approximately three months pregnant with the couple's first child. A March episode of \"Entertainment Scoop (\u6771\u5f35\u897f\u671b)\" said that their child is due in August. It is confirmed by Nicholas Tse that she is expecting a baby boy.\nOn 2 August, it was reported that Cheung and Tse were both in the maternity ward waiting for their child to be born. However no specific photo was enclosed with such report. The very next day, Cecilia gave birth to a baby boy named Lucas.\n2008 Edison Chen Photo scandal.\nIn January and February 2008 many explicit photos were found online involving Cecilia Cheung and Edison Chen. The scandal also involved Gillian Chung and Bobo Giglioti."}
+{"id": "97102", "revid": "755390", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97102", "title": "Bruinen", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97105", "revid": "888555", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97105", "title": "Giessen (district)", "text": "Gie\u00dfen () is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany."}
+{"id": "97107", "revid": "755410", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97107", "title": "Imladris", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97108", "revid": "755411", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97108", "title": "Baranduin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97109", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97109", "title": "Marburg-Biedenkopf", "text": "Marburg-Biedenkopf is a \"Landkreis\" (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1974 when the districts Marburg, Biedenkopf and the former urban district of Marburg were merged. The urban district is now a \"town with special status\" inside the district.\nThe district has partnerships with Huntingdonshire in the United Kingdom, the borough of Charlottenburg in Berlin, and the district of Ko\u015bcierzyna in Poland.\nGeography.\nThe main river in the district is the Lahn."}
+{"id": "97111", "revid": "755429", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97111", "title": "Misty Mountains", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97112", "revid": "755433", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97112", "title": "Rh\u00fbn", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97113", "revid": "755434", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97113", "title": "Sea of Rh\u00fbn", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97114", "revid": "888555", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97114", "title": "Lahn-Dill-Kreis", "text": "Lahn-Dill is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the west of Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nIn 1977 the district Gie\u00dfen was merged with the districts Wetzlar and Dillkreis to the new Lahn-Dill-Kreis. However this big district was not popular, so in 1979 Giessen was split from it.\nGeography.\nThe main rivers of the district are the Lahn and the Dill, which also gave it the name."}
+{"id": "97116", "revid": "365128", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97116", "title": "Vogelsbergkreis", "text": "The Vogelsbergkreis is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the middle of Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1972 by merging the former districts Alsfeld and Lauterbach.\nGeography.\nThe main feature of the district is the Vogelsberg, an extinct volcano, last active 7 million years ago."}
+{"id": "97118", "revid": "755450", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97118", "title": "Ered Luin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97120", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97120", "title": "Bree (Middle-earth)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97121", "revid": "755486", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97121", "title": "Great East Road", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97123", "revid": "755494", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97123", "title": "Great East Road (Middle-earth)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97125", "revid": "755503", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97125", "title": "Greenway (Middle-earth)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97126", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97126", "title": "5-1-1", "text": "5-1-1 is a special telephone number in the United States and some parts of Canada. It is made to be easy to remember. People can dial the number on a landline phone or on a mobile phone to get information about traffic and travel. \nHistory.\nIn March 2001, there were more than three hundred phone numbers about traffic and travel. This was confusing to many people, because so many numbers existed, or were there, for the same thing. To fix this, the United States Department of Transportation (called the USDOT) asked the Federal Communications Commission (called the FCC) for a special N11 code. On July 21, 2000, the FCC made 5-1-1 the national telephone number for travel information."}
+{"id": "97127", "revid": "755516", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97127", "title": "North-South Road (Middle-earth)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97128", "revid": "755523", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97128", "title": "Ephel D\u00faath", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97129", "revid": "755524", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97129", "title": "Mordor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97130", "revid": "755525", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97130", "title": "Ered Lithui", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97131", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97131", "title": "Sammath Naur", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97132", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97132", "title": "Amon Amarth", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97133", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97133", "title": "Mount Doom", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97134", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97134", "title": "000 emergency", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97140", "revid": "755618", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97140", "title": "N\u00famenor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97141", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97141", "title": "Seikan tunnel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97144", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97144", "title": "6-1-1", "text": "6-1-1 is a special telephone number in the United States and Canada. It is the number to call for phone service customers when there is a problem with phones in an area, or when a payphone is not working properly. Many mobile phone service providers use 6-1-1 as a customer service number. \nThe Federal Communications Commission did not officially decide that the 6-1-1 number should be used for this. They decided to let it stay because it had already been accepted, or chosen, by the North America Numbering Plan."}
+{"id": "97146", "revid": "18822", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97146", "title": "Fulda", "text": "Fulda () is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (\"Kreis\").\nHistory.\nEarly Middle Ages.\nThe Benedictine monastery of Fulda was founded in 744 by Saint Sturm, a disciple of Saint Boniface, when Boniface was reorganising the church in Germany.\nFrom its foundation, the abbey Fulda and its territory was subject only to the German emperor, not to the control of the local lords. Fulda was made a bishopric in 1752 and the prince-abbots were given the additional title of prince-bishop. The prince-abbots (and later prince-bishops) ruled Fulda and the surrounding region until the bishopric was forcibly dissolved by Napoleon in 1802.\nFrom 1764 until 1789 Fulda had a porcelain factory. Because of its quality and rarity, it is much prized by collectors. The factory was begun under Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra and closed down shortly after his death by his successor, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall.\nStiffoller.\nArround 1717-1804, People from Stift Fulda went to Hungary, and settled especially in the Komitat Baranya. This subgroup of the Danube Swabians are called Stifolder or Stiffoller,\nThere is also a street named the Stiffollerweg in Petersberg near Fulda\nRulers of Fulda until Secularization.\nAbbots\nPrince-Abbots"}
+{"id": "97150", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97150", "title": "Fulda (district)", "text": "Fulda () is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the north-east of Hesse, Germany. \nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1821, when the duchy of Stift Fulda became a province of Hesse, and was split into four districts. The last change to the district was in 1975, when the H\u00fcnfeld district was added to the district.\nStiffoller.\nArround 1717-1804, People from Stift Fulda went to Hungary, and settled especially in the Komitat Baranya. This subgroup of the Danube Swabians are called Stiffoller,\nThere is also a street named the Stiffollerweg in Petersberg near Fulda"}
+{"id": "97152", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97152", "title": "Kassel (region)", "text": "Kassel is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, in the north of the country. It was created in 1866 when Prussia took over the area to form the new province Hesse-Nassau. Altogether it consists of 138 municipalities."}
+{"id": "97153", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97153", "title": "Kassel (district)", "text": "Kassel is a \"Landkreis\" (Rural District) in the north of Hesse, Germany. The district-free city Kassel is nearly completely surrounded by the district.\nHistory.\n1972 the previous districts of Kassel, Hofgeismar and Wolfhagen were joined to form the newly established district of Kassel."}
+{"id": "97155", "revid": "196884", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97155", "title": "Transvaal", "text": "The Transvaal (lit. \"beyond the Vaal [pale river]\") is the name of an area of northern South Africa. At the start, it made up a great part of the independent Boer South African Republic. Before the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 it was the Transvaal Colony. It is one of the original provinces of the Union of South Africa from 1910 until 1994 with capital in Pretoria. The province no longer exists, and its territory now forms the provinces of Gauteng, Limpopo and Mpumalanga and part of the North West Province. Even though it no longer exists as an administrative unit, the Transvaal is still a commonly used geographical term and retains its historical meaning."}
+{"id": "97161", "revid": "756599", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97161", "title": "Esgaroth", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97162", "revid": "756600", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97162", "title": "Erebor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97163", "revid": "756614", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97163", "title": "D\u00e1in II Ironfoot", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97167", "revid": "469472", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97167", "title": "Kuril Islands", "text": "The Kuril Islands (; ; ), also called the , are a group of islands (archipelago) between Russia and Japan. The northern islands are an undisputed part of Russia and four southernmost islands are disputed by Japan. Both countries say that they own the four islands in the south of the group. This disagreement is called the Kuril Islands dispute.\nJapan is asking for return of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan and Habomai subgroup. They say that these islands are being illegally held by Russia. Several political parties in Japan are asking for return of all Chishima Islands. Russia has said that it would return Shikotan and Habomai subgroup in 1956 but Japan did not agree to this agreement because it meant the United States would keep the island of Okinawa.\nLittle Kuril.\nJapan says these are not a part of the Chishima Islands at all (Habomai shoto (\u6b6f\u821e\u8af8\u5cf6) \u2192\u30002008.3.21 - Habomai Gunto\uff08\u6b6f\u821e\u7fa4\u5cf6\uff09):"}
+{"id": "97173", "revid": "527152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97173", "title": "Botnet", "text": "A Botnet (short for robot network) is a word which is sometimes used by computer scientists. Botnets are made up of many software agents. Each software agent is controlled remotely. Botnets are known for their ability to act as a unit.\nSuch networks are often used to send E-Mail Spam, but they can also be used to attack (and bring down) a computer through Denial of Service attacks, amongst others.\nA Botnet can also be referred to as a group of hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of zombie computers that are under the control of an attacker."}
+{"id": "97179", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97179", "title": "Yunna", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97180", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97180", "title": "Yunha", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97181", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97181", "title": "Yoonha", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97182", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97182", "title": "Baroque (band)", "text": "Baroque (written as baroque) is a Japanese visual kei rock band. Although all members of Baroque were men, they dressed up when they performed in concert. At their concerts, their received much criticism and so the band broke up.\nMembers<br>Ryo (Vocals)<br>Kei (Guitar)<br>Bansaku (Bass)<br>Akira(Guitar)"}
+{"id": "97188", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97188", "title": "Luna Lovegood", "text": "Luna Lovegood is a fictional character in the \"Harry Potter\" books written by J. K. Rowling. She was sorted in the House of Ravenclaw and first appears in the movies and the books in \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\". \nMany people in the Harry Potter series think she is a strange girl. This has led to her having the nickname \"Loony Lovegood\", but she does not change herself. She is the daughter of Xenophilius Lovegood and Pandora Lovegood, and lives near the Weasley's house, in a black tower. She was in her first year at Hogwarts School Of Witchcraft and Wizardry in Harry Potter's second year Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and was in her fourth year when she first came into the series. In the movies, she was played by Evanna Lynch.\nHarry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.\nWhile Luna is not directly mentioned in this book, her existence is first alluded to at Stoatshead Hill where the Weasley family, minus Mrs. Weasley, along with Harry and Hermione meet Amos Diggory and his son Cedric to catch a Portkey to the Quidditch World Cup. The Lovegood family is mentioned when Amos asks Arthur if they are expecting more wizards to meet them at the Portkey. Arthur replies that the Fawcetts were unable to get tickets and the Lovegoods arrived a week earlier.\nHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.\nIn \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", Harry first meets Luna (in her fourth year) on the Hogwarts Express train where is described as having straggly (messy), waist-length, dirty blonde hair and a distant dreamy, look. Harry thinks that she is odd because she was reading The Quibbler upside-down, and wearing a necklace made of butterbeer corks and radish earrings. When Harry first sees the Thestrals (black horse like creatures that can fly) pulling the carts, Luna tells him that she can see them too. Both Harry and Luna could see the Thestrals when most others could not because they had both seen death, and Thestrals can only be seen by someone who has witnessed death. \nLater, Luna tells Harry that she and her father believe him about the conspiracy involving Harry, and that they support him. When Harry forms Dumbledore's Army, Luna joins and gets better at defensive magic. When Gryffindor's Quidditch team played against Slytherin, Luna supported Gryffindor by making a life size lion hat that roared realistically. Later in the book, when Harry was going to contact Kreacher about the location of Sirius Black, Luna kept watch for him, telling everyone that there was a gas leak. When Professor Umbridge's Inquisitorial Squad (a group of students who were given power over other students to punish) found him, Luna was captured and held by a Slytherin. While being held, Harry saw her looking out the window, as if she was bored. After they had escaped, it was Luna's idea to travel to the Ministry of Magic by Thestrals. During the battle at the Department of Mysteries, Luna took an active part in the fighting, until she was hit by a Stunning spell that knock her briefly unconscious. After Sirius's death Harry noted that Luna was the only person that could truly comfort him about it, because, like Harry, Luna had also lost someone close to her, her mother.\nHarry Potter and the Half Blood Prince.\nHarry first meets Luna again on the Hogwarts Express when he sits with her in a compartment, with Neville Longbottom. When some admirers of Harry's say that he could sit with them, Harry declines, saying that Luna and Neville \"are cool\". Later in the year, near Christmas, Harry invited Luna to be his guest at Professor Slughorn's party; Harry noted that she looked pretty, she wore a \"spangled silver dress\", and while at the party, she talked to vampires and shared her off-beat beliefs. That send Harry into coughing with laughter.\nSoon after the Party, Luna was the commentator at a Quidditch (which is a game played at Hogwarts) match, in which she went off on side topics by saying that the Hufflepuff Chaser, Zacharias Smith suffered from \"Losers' Lurgy\" and she also pointed out oddly shaped clouds, and often forgot players names. Although Professor McGonagall was annoyed, a lot of students found her commentary highly amusing. At the end of the year, Luna patrolled the corridors in search of Death Eaters.\nHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.\nHarry first meets Luna this time at Bill and Fleur's wedding, in which she and her father, Xenophilius Lovegood wore \"egg yolk\" yellow robes. Later, Luna was captured on the Hogwarts Express by Death Eaters because her father wrote the truth about Harry in The Quibbler. Harry assists Luna out of Malfoy Manor, where she had been taken hostage, and she comforted Mr. Ollivander (who had also been taken prisoner because Voldemort needed information from him), by sharing her beliefs. \nAt Dobby's funeral, Luna gave a nice eulogy which calmed everyone, thanking Dobby for rescuing them all from Malfoy Manor. Later when Harry had to find Ravenclaw's lost diadem, Luna escorted him into the Ravenclaw common room, where she also stunned Alecto Carrow, a Death Eater. At the Battle of Hogwarts, she cast her Hare Patronus, which made several approaching Dementors leave, and she also fought Bellatrix Lestrange. After the Battle, Luna created a distraction, so that Harry could be alone.\nAfter the Series.\nJ.K. Rowling said in an interview that Luna became a Magizoologist, the 'Wizard equivalent of a naturalist' and she married fellow naturalist Rolf Scamander. Somewhere in between 2008 and 2011 she had 2 twin sons named Lorcas and Lysander."}
+{"id": "97189", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97189", "title": "Michael Bloomberg", "text": "Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American business magnate, politician and philanthropist. He was the 108th Mayor of New York City for three terms from 2002 to 2013, as both a Republican and an independent who purveyed socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies. He has a net worth of $106 billion. He is the ninth-richest person in the United States. He is the thirteenth-richest person in the world. He is the founder and 88% owner of Bloomberg L.P.. In November 2019, Bloomberg announced his presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2020. He ended his campaign in March 2020 after losing many states on Super Tuesday.\nEarly life.\nMichael Bloomberg was born at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, on February 14, 1942. He is Jewish. His father, William Henry Bloomberg (1906\u20131963), was a real estate agent and the son of Alexander \"Elick\" Bloomberg, an immigrant from Russia. His mother, Charlotte Rubens Bloomberg (January 2, 1909 \u2013 June 19, 2011), was a native of Jersey City, New Jersey. His maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was an immigrant from present-day Belarus, then also part of Russia.\nEducation.\nBloomberg received a Bachelor's degree in engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1964. He received a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard University in 1966.\nBusiness career.\nBloomberg began his career at Salomon Brothers before forming his company in 1981 and became its Chairman and CEO. He also served as chairman of the board of trustees at his alma mater Johns Hopkins University from 1996 to 2002.\nMayor of New York City (2002\u20132013).\nHe was a Democrat before running for office. He switched his party registration in 2001 to run for mayor as a Republican. He defeated opponent Mark Green in a close election held just weeks after the September 11 attacks. Bloomberg won a second term in 2005 and left the Republican Party two years later. He campaigned to change the city's term limits law and was elected to his third term in 2009 as an independent candidate on the Republican ballot line. He was criticized by many for his \"Stop And Frisk\" policy, which has been criticized for disproportionately affecting Black and Hispanic men in New York City, as most of those stopped (~90%) were not found to be guilty of any crime or wrongdoing.\nPost mayoral career.\nHe was often mentioned as a possible candidate for the U.S. presidential elections in 2008 and 2012, and for New York Governor in 2010. He declined to seek either office, instead wanting to continue serving as Mayor of New York. On January 1, 2014, Bill de Blasio succeeded him as Mayor of New York City.\nIn 2014, United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.\nBloomberg is co-chair with Tom Steyer and Henry Paulson for a report called \"Risky Business\" by a coalition of top U.S. political and economic leaders from the political left, right, and center on the dire economic consequences from climate change (global warming), from lost property to ruined crops.\nIn 2015, there was speculation of Bloomberg possibly running for president in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. On January 10, 2016, Bloomberg showed interest in running as an Independent in the upcoming election. On March 7, 2016, Bloomberg said that he will not run for president lest it bring victory to Donald Trump or Ted Cruz.\n2020 presidential campaign.\nFollowing the 2016 election, Bloomberg was seen as a possible candidate for the 2020 election. In October 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had changed his political party affiliation to Democratic. In March 2019, Bloomberg said that he would not run for president.\nHowever, later that year on November 7, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he was taking steps to enter the 2020 presidential race, and said that he would make a formal announcement of his campaign soon. On November 21, he filed paperwork to enter the Democratic primaries. Three days later, Bloomberg launched his campaign and his official website.\nBloomberg's total spending in the primary has passed $500 million, making it the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in American history.\nOn Super Tuesday, Bloomberg won the American Samoa caucus which brought his first and only victory in his campaign. He ended his campaign the next day on March 4, 2020 and announced his support of Joe Biden.\nPersonal life.\nBloomberg was married to Susan Brown from 1975 until they divorced in 1993. He is now in a domestic partnership with Diana Taylor since 2000. Bloomberg has two daughters with Brown."}
+{"id": "97191", "revid": "572554", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97191", "title": "Umpire (baseball)", "text": "In baseball, the umpire is someone who makes sure all of the rules are followed. Umpires are also used in tennis, cricket, and other sports.\nThe umpire officiates the game. Their responsibilities include:"}
+{"id": "97192", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97192", "title": "Linda Lingle", "text": "Linda Lingle (born Linda Cutter; June 4, 1953) is an American politician. She was the sixth Governor of Hawaii. She is a Republican."}
+{"id": "97200", "revid": "593910", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97200", "title": "Gackt", "text": "Gackt Camui ( \u795e\u5a01 \u697d\u6597 Kamui Gakuto ) is a Japanese musician, songwriter and actor. Usually referred to by his stage name Gackt, he is best known for his work with Malice Mizer and his following career as a solo artist. Besides Japanese language, he has performed in English, Korean, Cantonese and Mandarin.\nBiography.\nEarly life.\nGackt was born in Okinawa, Japan on July 4, 1973. He is the second of three children, with an older sister and a younger brother. His father and mother were music teachers who played various instruments with his father primarily playing the trumpet. According to his autobiography, he was a mischievous child and enjoyed taking risks; at age seven he nearly drowned while swimming off the coast of Okinawa. After this near death experience, he claimed to have the ability to see and speak with the deceased, a notion which was dismissed by his parents. At the age of ten, Gackt was hospitalized with a gastrointestinal tract and had to remain at the hospital for a long time. He made the acquaintance of several terminally ill children, some of whom died during his stay.\nGackt's musical education began at age three, when his parents started his classical piano education, of which he grew tired four years later. It would take another four years until his parents allowed him to quit. Competition with a friend lead to Gackt taking back up the piano, and he was later encouraged to learn other various instruments, especially those used in a rock band, throughout the rest of his time in school.\nMalice Mizer.\nIn 1995, Gackt joined Malice Mizer as the group's vocalist, lyricist and pianist. Fan base and record sales grew substantially over the following years. Malice Mizer released two albums with Gackt (\"Voyage ~Sans Retour~\" and \"Merveilles\") along with seven singles. According to Gackt, when he began taking on more roles in the band, he was asked to leave the group. The other members of the band say that this is not true and that Gackt simply \"disappeared\" after waiting for him once their break was over.\nSolo career.\nGackt began his solo career on 12 May 1999 with the release \"Mizerable\". Several albums, singles and videos have followed. He has also done voice acting and motion capturing. He co-wrote and co-starred in the 2003 movie \"Moon Child\", which also stars Hyde (vocalist of L'Arc~en~Ciel) and Wang Lee Hom (Taiwanese-American actor-singer). Also in 2003, Gackt published his autobiography titled \"Jihaku\" and for Caparison Guitars, he has designed two guitars, named \"Marcury\" and \"Venus\".\nIn 2007, Gackt played the warlord Uesugi Kenshin in the TV drama \"F\u016brinkazan\" The single \"Returner ~Yami no Shuuen~\", was released on June 20, 2007. This was the first in his career (both solo and in a band) to reach the number one spot on the Japanese Oricon charts. Gackt was also the voice actor for Malthazar in the Japanese release of the film \"Arthur and the Minimoys\".\nOn 19 December, Gackt released an album titled \"0079-0088\" containing 8 tracks, which had either previously been used on the soundtracks of the \"Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam\" movies or were covers of earlier songs from the \"Gundam\" franchise. It was created as a tribute to the creator of \"Gundam\", Yoshiyuki Tomino, for his birthday.\nSkin.\nOn 25 May2007, the formation of the supergroup Skin was announced, which also consists of Miyavi, Sugizo and Yoshiki. The group gave its debut performance at an Anime convention in Long Beach California on 29 June 2007.\nGacktJob.\nGacktJob is Gackt's live support band. Its current lineup is as follows:\nFormer members:"}
+{"id": "97202", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97202", "title": "Kamui gakuto", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97203", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97203", "title": "Camui m.s. gackt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97204", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97204", "title": "Camui gackt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97205", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97205", "title": "Gackt camui", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97206", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97206", "title": "Gackt m.s. camui", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97207", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97207", "title": "Camui ms gackt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97212", "revid": "527152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97212", "title": "Cebuano language", "text": "Cebuano (also referred to as\u00a0Bisaya) is one of the main\u00a0languages\u00a0spoken in the\u00a0Philippines. More than 28 million people speak this language. Cebuano is a member of the \"Visayan language family\". \nWhile Tagalog has more speakers than any other language in the Philippines today, Cebuano was the most widely spoken language in the Philippines from the 1950s until the 1980s. Cebuano is by far the most widely spoken of the \"Visayan languages\".\nIt is the most spoken language by many people in the Central Visayas, western parts of the Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao. Cebuano is one of the three main Visayan languages, along with Waray, Hiligaynon and Davaoe\u00f1o, which are more closely related to it.\nName.\nThe name of the language comes from the Philippine island of Cebu, suffixed with the Spanish \"-ano\" (meaning nature, or a location). In other words, the language is more commonly called \"Bisaya\". However, this can cause confusion among non-native speakers, as there are many other languages called \"Bisaya\" even though they cannot be understood by people who speak what linguists call \"Cebuano\". In this sense, \"Cebuano\" applies to all speakers of the language who come from Cebu island, regardless of where they live now, as well as to the language they speak.\nSome people do not like the term \"Cebuano\". For example, many Cebuano speakers in Leyte, Bohol, and Northern Mindanao (Dipolog, Dapitan, Misamis Occidental, and Misamis Oriental, as well as in coastal areas of Butuan) say that their ancestors were Cebuano speakers who were native to their area, not immigrants or settlers from the Visayas. Also, they want to call themselves as Bisaya and their language \"Binisaya\" rather than \"Cebuano\".\nCebuano numbers.\nCebuano has two numeral systems. The native system is mostly used for counting things, like animals or houses. The Spanish system is only used for money and time. It is also used for counting from 11 and up."}
+{"id": "97229", "revid": "20100", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97229", "title": "Mary Queen of Scots", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97238", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97238", "title": "Unna", "text": "Unna is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on an ancient salt-trading route, the Hellweg road."}
+{"id": "97242", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97242", "title": "Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97251", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97251", "title": "Oberb\u00fcrgermeister", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97252", "revid": "757441", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97252", "title": "Elros", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97253", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97253", "title": "Minor planet", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97257", "revid": "757469", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97257", "title": "Arnor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97258", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97258", "title": "Ann\u00faminas", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97259", "revid": "757471", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97259", "title": "Lothl\u00f3rien", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97260", "revid": "757476", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97260", "title": "Arthedain", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97262", "revid": "757494", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97262", "title": "Gondor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97263", "revid": "757500", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97263", "title": "Osgiliath", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97264", "revid": "757501", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97264", "title": "Minas Ithil", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97265", "revid": "757502", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97265", "title": "Minas Morgul", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97266", "revid": "757503", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97266", "title": "Minas Anor", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97267", "revid": "757504", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97267", "title": "Minas Tirith", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97273", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97273", "title": "Max Weber (disambiguation)", "text": "Max Weber may refer to:"}
+{"id": "97277", "revid": "9115320", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97277", "title": "Max Weber (politician)", "text": "Max Weber (August 2, 1897 \u2013 December 2, 1974) was a Swiss politician.\nHe was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 13, 1951 and handed over office on January 31, 1954. He was member of the Social Democratic Party. During his time in office he held the Department of Finance."}
+{"id": "97280", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97280", "title": "Max Weber (general)", "text": "\"There is also a Max Weber, German political economist and sociologist.\"\nMaximilian \"Max\" Emil Weber (August 27, 1824 in Achern \u2013 June 15, 1901 in Brooklyn) was a military officer in the armies of Germany and later the United States, most known for serving as a brigadier general in the Union army during the American Civil War."}
+{"id": "97282", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97282", "title": "Oconto County, Wisconsin", "text": "Oconto County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 38,965 people living in Oconto county as of the year 2020. The county seat is Oconto.\nGeography.\nThe county has an area of 1,149\u00a0square miles, says the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "97284", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97284", "title": "Niederg\u00f6sgen", "text": "Niederg\u00f6sgen is a municipality in the district G\u00f6sgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "97285", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97285", "title": "Niedergosgen", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97286", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97286", "title": "Niederwil, Solothurn", "text": "Niederwil was a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. In 2011, Niederwil merged into Riedholz."}
+{"id": "97287", "revid": "9073530", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97287", "title": "Nunningen", "text": "Nunningen is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "97288", "revid": "9073257", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97288", "title": "Oberbuchsiten", "text": "Oberbuchsiten is a municipality in the district of G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "97289", "revid": "9073361", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97289", "title": "Oberdorf, Solothurn", "text": "Oberdorf is a municipality in the district of Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "97290", "revid": "1032643", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97290", "title": "Obergerlafingen", "text": "Obergerlafingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "97291", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97291", "title": "Ered Mithrin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97292", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97292", "title": "Harad (Middle-earth)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97293", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97293", "title": "Orthanc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97295", "revid": "9599178", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97295", "title": "Isengard (Norwegian band)", "text": "Isengard was the side project of Darkthrone's drummer and poet Fenriz."}
+{"id": "97296", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97296", "title": "Bunker (disambiguation)", "text": "A bunker is a defensive military building.\nBunker can also mean:\nMedia\nPlaces:\nPeople:"}
+{"id": "97300", "revid": "8912821", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97300", "title": "Tom DeLonge", "text": "Thomas Matthew DeLonge, Jr. (born December 13, 1975) is an American musician. He was the guitarist of Pop-punk band blink-182, until their break up in 2005. He also took a part in a project called Box Car Racer. He plays and records with Angels & Airwaves, his new band that he started after blink-182's break up. In 2009, blink-182 reunited, and they released a new album in September 2011, titled Neighborhoods. In 2012, blink-182 toured Australia for the first time since 2004. "}
+{"id": "97328", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97328", "title": "United States Geological Survey", "text": "The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. The agency is a part of the United States Department of the Interior. \nThe scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines: biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization. It has no power to regulate.\nThe USGS science focus is on seven \"Mission Areas\", (1) Climate and land use change, (2) Core science systems, (3) Ecosystems, (4) Energy and minerals, (5) Environmental health, (6) Natural hazards, and (7) Water. \nAdministratively, it is divided into a Headquarters unit and six Regional Units. Other specific programs include:\nEarthquakes.\nThe USGS Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. Its National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) in Golden, Colorado detects the location and magnitude of global earthquakes. The USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in the U.S. under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and the public, both domestic and worldwide, about significant earthquakes. It also maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards.\nThe USGS operates the streamgaging network for the United States, with over 7400 streamgages. Real-time streamflow data are available online.\nThe motto of the USGS is \"\"Science for a changing world\".\""}
+{"id": "97329", "revid": "1672796", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97329", "title": "Pyroclastic flow", "text": "A pyroclastic flow, pronounced pie-roh-class-tick, (also known as a pyroclastic density current) is a flow of hot volcanic gas and tephra, during a volcanic eruption. A cloud forms over the current of hot rock. This boiling column of superheated gas, sand, tephra, obsidian, and pumice can reach soaring temperatures of and its average speed ranges from to . \nThey are extremely dangerous and can be deadly. A person cannot outrun a pyroclastic flow. Learn more at USGS.gov."}
+{"id": "97330", "revid": "7812827", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97330", "title": "Mudflow", "text": "A mudflow or mudslide occurs when mud travels down a slope very quickly. Mudflows, which are like giant moving mud pies, happen when lots of water mixes with soil and rock. The water makes the slippery mass of mud flow quickly down. Mudflows happen most in mountainous places where a long dry season is followed by heavy rains. \nMudflows of volcanic eruptions are the most dangerous, and are called lahars. A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. Lahars can move as quickly as 80km/h and are as thick as liquid concrete.\nLahars have several possible causes:\nLahars can occur without volcanic activity, if conditions are right for the collapse and movement of mud from existing volcanic ash deposits."}
+{"id": "97331", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97331", "title": "Stuart Duncan", "text": "Stuart Duncan (born April 14, 1964) is an American fiddle, banjo, mandolin, and guitar player. In his career, Duncan has recorded with artists such as Dolly Parton, Barbra Streisand, George Strait, Reba McEntire, Bela Fleck, Jerry Douglas, and Chris Thile."}
+{"id": "97341", "revid": "172066", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97341", "title": "Class (programming)", "text": "Class and object are basic building blocks in object-oriented programming languages. A class is written by a programmer in a defined structure to create an object (computer science) in an object oriented programming language.\u00a0It defines a set of properties and methods that are common to all objects of one type. \nFor example, a class could be a car, which could have a color field, four tire fields, and a drive method.\nAnother related class could be a truck, which would have similar fields, but not be exactly the same as a car. Both a car and a truck could be a kind of a third class which could be called a vehicle class. In this way, the programmer could create the parts of the program that are the same for both the car and the truck in programming the vehicle class, yet the programmer would be free to program how a car is different from a truck without duplicating all of the programming.\nIn this example, there are three classes: 1) a class called \"car\", 2) a class called \"pick-up truck\", and 3) a class called \"vehicle\". These classes would be used to make objects. Although there is only one class called \"car\", there could be many objects that are created from the class called \"car\". And, although there is only one class that is called \"truck\", many objects of type truck could be created from this class. The \"vehicle\" class is actually general and there would probably not be any objects that were only of the class \"vehicle\". But a car would be a kind of vehicle and a truck would also be a kind of vehicle. So, you could say that both cars and trucks are from the same class, vehicle.\nInside of classes are two kinds of things: methods and fields (or properties). Methods can store the code for doing actions; in this example you could have a drive method and a brake method, and maybe a turnRight and turnLeft method. Fields store data; you could have a color field, a speed field and a size field. You can call methods by first making an object of the Car or Truck class, and call it for example ferrari, and doing ferrari.methodName(). In this case, if we wanted to make the vehicle move, we could do ferrari.drive().\nExample.\nHere is an example realized with Java. Please notice that all unnecessary aspects are left out.\npublic class vehicle { // base class for all vehicles\n String color; // field color\n int position; // field position\n public void drive(int distance) { // method drive\n this.position += distance;\npublic class car extends vehicle {\n int persons; // a new field called persons\n public void getIn() { // method to get into the car\n this.persons++;\n \n public void getOut() { // method to get out of the car\n this.persons--;\npublic class truck extends vehicle {\n String load; // a new field called load\n public void load(String load) { // method to load the truck\n this.load = load;\n \n public String unload() { // method to unload the truck\n String oldLoad = this.load;\n this.load = null;\n return oldLoad;"}
+{"id": "97343", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97343", "title": "Loggerhead sea turtle", "text": "The loggerhead sea turtle or loggerhead, (\"Caretta caretta\"), is a type of turtle that lives in the sea. It is from the family Cheloniidae. \nLoggerheads live in the seas around the world. Most of the beaches where loggerheads lay eggs are found on the coasts of the United States in North America (mostly in Florida), Oman in Asia, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean. Some loggerheads also live near other countries like Chile, Greece, and Indonesia.\nHow they live.\nLoggerheads eat fish, squid, jellyfish, crabs, and other small sea animals. Loggerheads mate while they are moving in the seas mostly from March to June every 2 or 3 years. When they are ready to lay eggs female loggerheads always come back to the same beach where they came out of their eggs as babies. Most loggerheads lay eggs in June and July. Most lay between 100 and 126 eggs. The eggs look much like ping-pong balls.\nWhen they come out of the eggs baby loggerheads are called \"hatchlings\". They usually come out at night so that other animals, like birds and crabs, do not eat them. The hatchlings follow light from the morning sun to the sea. They swim out to parts of the ocean that have seaweed (plants that grow in the sea) to hide from other animals while they grow.\nMost loggerheads move to warm waters during months that are colder but some hibernate, or sleep for long times, when it is cold. When they are hibernating they can stay under the water for up to seven hours before coming up for air.\nLoggerheads live 30 to 50 years or more.\nProtecting them from people.\nIn the past loggerhead sea turtles were hunted by people for meat and for their eggs. Also their fat and shells were used to make medicines, combs, and other things. The number of loggerheads today is small and so governments in many countries have laws that do not allow them to be hunted anymore.\nThe main danger for loggerheads now is the nets used by fishermen which can accidentally kill the turtles. They are also killed by boats, fishing hooks, and other dangers from people.\nCivilization is harming the loggerhead reproduction cycle, due to beach construction."}
+{"id": "97347", "revid": "1550839", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97347", "title": "Islamic Golden Age", "text": "The Islamic Golden Age, also sometimes known as the Islamic Renaissance, is traditionally said to have lasted from the 8th century to the 13th century. However, some place its start as early as the Umayyad Caliphate (founded in 661 by Caliph Mu'awiya I) and its end as late as the late 15th and the 16th centuries, including the rise of the Islamic gunpowder empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire.\nThe Islamic Golden Age is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) who started in the 8th century the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city. The library saw scholars from all over the Muslim world flock to translate the known world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian. Under the Umayyads, Al-Andalus also became a centre of science, medicine, philosophy, and inventions during the Islamic Golden Age. \nThe period got its name because engineers, scholars, and traders in the Islamic world did much for the arts, agriculture, economics, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, and technology. They built upon earlier traditions and added inventions and innovations of their own. Howard R. Turner wrote, \"Muslim artists and scientists, princes and laborers together created a unique culture that has directly and indirectly influenced societies on every continent.\""}
+{"id": "97356", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97356", "title": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "text": "Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was one of the greatest artists of the Italian Baroque period. He was famous both for his sculpture and his architecture. From 1627, he worked for Pope Urban XIII and then for Pope Alexander VII at St. Peter's Basilica where he designed the famous \"piazza\" (place) in front of the basilica and many of the most splendid things that are inside.\nEarly life.\nBernini was born in Naples, Italy. He was the son of Pietro Bernini (1562-1629) who was a well known sculptor. When he was about 7 years old, his father took him to Rome.\nInspiration.\nAs a boy and as a young man living in Rome, he saw the works of many famous artists. He saw the famous fresco paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo, one of the most famous artists of the 1500s. The paintings told the Bible story of Creation. He saw the huge dome of St. Peter's Basilica which Michelangelo designed and the new extension to the building that was being built by Carlo Maderna.\nWorks.\nOne artist who Bernini knew well was Annibale Carracci who painted scenes on the ceilings of rooms for the pope. The scenes told stories, often Ancient Roman legends. Carracci took Bernini into St. Peter's Basilica. Bernini fell on his knees and decided at that moment that he wanted to make something beautiful and splendid to honour Saint Peter.\nAnother artist whose work Bernini saw was Caravaggio. Caravaggio's paintings were nothing like Carracci's. Carracci's pictures were bright, lively and colourful. Caravaggio's pictures were dark, sad and often frightening. But looking into Caravaggio's paintings was like looking at something that was really happening while you were watching. The people in Caravaggio's paintings looked as if they could breathe, speak and feel pain.\nBy the time he was 20, Bernini was a sculptor, carving statues out of marble. He had learned a lot, not just how to carve marble, which he learnt from his father, but how to make figures that told stories like Carracci's and Michelangelo's and seemed to be alive, like Caravaggio's. An important man in the Roman Catholic Church, Cardinal Scipione Borghese, saw his work and became his patron, paying Bernini to make many beautiful sculptures for him and his family. Soon the cardinal's uncle got to hear about Bernini. He was Pope Urban VIII, the most powerful man in Italy. He asked Bernini to work for him at St. Peter's Basilica. Bernini spent 40 years of his life there, all the time except for a trip to France and shorter visits to other cities.\nBernini's sculpture.\nMost sculptures of that time were just of one figure. But Bernini had seen Michelangelo's famous sculpture of the \"Pieta\" which showed the Virgin Mary grieving over the body of her dead son, Jesus. Bernini made figures that were in groups and told stories. One of his famous groups comes from Roman Mythology. It shows the god, Apollo chasing a beautiful wood nymph (a sort of fairy) that he had fallen in love with. But her father had magic powers and suddenly turned his daughter into a tree. Bernini sculptured the very moment when her toes are turning into roots, her legs are becoming the trunk, and leaves are sprouting out of her hands and long hair. She has her mouth open and a look of horror on her face. No-one had ever tried to carve anything like that in marble before. The thing that people say is so amazing about Bernini's sculpture is that he has made the flesh, the wood, the leaves and the hair all look so real, even though they are all carved in white stone.\nBernini's most famous sculpture is \"St. Theresa in Ecstasy\". It tells the story of a saint who had a vision of an angel. Her vision was so beautiful that she fainted. Bernini has sculptured the vision, with St. Theresa lying on a cloud with the laughing angel in front of her. Their robes are blowing around, and it is hard to believe that the whole scene, which is set against a wall, is not really floating. Bernini did not just design the statues. He also designed the walls of the chapel around it, which is like a stage-set, made of beautifully patterned marble. Against another wall, he carved a balcony and several white marble people looking at the scene. They are members of the family that paid for the chapel.\nThe city of Rome has lots of squares with fountains in them. Pope Alexander wanted to make the city more beautiful, so during his time, more fountains were made. One of the biggest squares in Rome was the Piazza Navona. On one side of the piazza was the church of St.Agnes, built by Borromini. Bernini thought it was an ugly building. He was asked to make the \"Fountain of the Rivers\" in the square, right outside the church. It has four figures who are symbols of four rivers. Bernini carved one of river-figures looking up at the church and throwing his hands in the air in shock at its ugliness. Borromini was very upset with Bernini's joke, which has been there now for more than 300 years.\nBernini at St. Peter's.\nBaldacchino and niches.\nBernini's first work at St. Peter's was to design the \"baldacchino\" which is like a tent or \"pavilion\" above the High Altar. This amazing thing is 30 metres (98ft) tall and is probably the largest piece of bronze in the world. It stands underneath Michelangelo's dome and has four huge bronze twisted columns decorated with olive leaves and bees, because bees were the symbol of Pope Urban. Pope Urban had a niece that he loved very much and he got Bernini to put her face and the face of her new-born baby boy on the columns as well.\nHolding up the dome of the Basilica were four enormous stone pillars (piers). Bernini had a great idea for the big piers. He had four hollow \"niches\" carved into them where four huge statues could stand. This sent some people into a panic because they thought the dome would fall down, but it did not.\nThe basilica owns some precious relics: a piece of the True Cross of Jesus, a veil that a woman wiped the face of Jesus with, while he was carrying the cross, the spear that was used to pierce Jesus side, and the bones of St. Andrew, the brother of St. Peter. No-one knows for sure whether these things are real or not, but for hundreds of years they have been precious. Bernini's plan was the make four marble statues of the four Holy people: St. Helena who found the cross, St. Longinus who was the soldier with the spear, St Veronica who wiped Jesus' face and St. Andrew. Even though the design is Bernini's, the statues, which are all 5 metres high, were made by four different sculptors. Only St. Longinus is the work of Bernini.\nThe chair of St. Peter.\nBernini's next job was to make a special throne out of bronze, to hold an ancient wood and ivory throne that had been at the basilica for more than 500 years. It is called the \"Cattedra Petri\" or \"throne of St. Peter\". The bronze throne, with the old wooden throne inside it, is held up high at the end of the basilica, by four important saints who are called \"Doctors of the Church\" because they were all great writers and teachers. The statues are made of bronze. They are Saints Ambrose and Augustine for the Church of Rome and Saints Athanasius and John Chrysostum for the Orthodox Church. Above the chair is a window which is made not from glass but thin translucent stone called alabaster. The Dove of the Holy Spirit is in the middle of the window with rays of light spreading out into the basilica through a sculpture of golden clouds and angels. Bernini designed this to look like a window into Heaven. There was a great celebration when the chair was put in place on January 16, 1666.\nSt. Peter's Piazza.\nTo the west of the basilica is the \"Piazza di San Pietro\" (St. Peter's Place). The piazza was designed by Bernini and built between 1656 and 1667. It was not an easy job because the designer had lots of things to think about. Firstly, many people complained that Maderna's \"facade\" on St. Peter's looked too wide, so Bernini wanted to make it look narrower, not wider. Secondly, in the old square left over from the Old St. Peter's, Pope Sixtus V had a monument set up. This monument was a precious Ancient Egyptian \"obelisk\" (which is like a tall column, but with four flat sides). From its base to the top of the cross (that the pope had put on top) it was 40 metres (131ft) high, and had been brought to Roman in ancient times. The obelisk really should be at the centre of the new square, but it was not in quite the right place, and was very difficult to move without breaking. The third problem was that Maderna had built a fountain to one side of the obelisk, and Bernini needed to make another fountain to match it, otherwise the design would look unbalanced.\nBernini solved the problem by making two areas, instead of one huge one. The first area is an almost-square area right in front of the facade. It is cleverly designed with sloping sides that make the building look taller and not so wide. The second part of the piazza is oval. It has the obelisk at the centre with two fountains on either side at the widest part. The two parts of the piazza are surrounded by a \"colonnade\" (covered walk-way) which is carried on tall columns. All around are large statues of saints which seem to look down on the thousands of visitors that come to the square every day. The colonnade is in two great arcs that seem to stretch out like loving arms, welcoming people to the Basilica. In recent times some buildings were demolished, making another square, to match the one near the piazza. It is a good place for vans to park and can be seen in the photo.\nThe famous architectural historian, Sir Banister Fletcher, said that no other city in the world had given such a wonderful view to people visiting their main church. He said that no other architect except Bernini could have imagined such a noble design. He said it is the greatest entrance to the greatest Christian church in the whole world.\nThe Chapel of the Sacrament.\nBernini's last work for St. Peter's, 1676, was to decorate of the Chapel of the Sacrament. He designed a miniature temple just like the one that was built over the place where St. Peter died. He made it bronze covered with fine gold. On either side is an angel, one gazing in adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome. Bernini died in 1680 aged 81, after working for St. Peter's for 40 years of his life."}
+{"id": "97363", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97363", "title": "Auguste Charlois", "text": "Auguste Honor\u00e9 Charlois (26 November 1864 \u2013 26 March 1910) was a French astronomer who discovered 99 asteroids while working in Nice, France.\nHe first discovered the asteroid 267 Tirza in 1887. He was awarded the Valz Prize by the French Academy of Sciences in 1889 for his work on calculating asteroid orbits. He was also awarded the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 astronomique de France in 1899.\nMurder.\nWhen he was 45 years old, he was murdered by Gabriel Brengues, over an inheritance by the death of Jeanne (n\u00e9e Brengues). The man was found guilty and given a life sentence of hard labor in New Caledonia."}
+{"id": "97369", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97369", "title": "HCard", "text": "hCard, short for HTML vCard, is a format for publishing the contact information of people, companies, organizations, and places, in XHTML, Atom, RSS, or raw XML."}
+{"id": "97370", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97370", "title": "Ellen Axson Wilson", "text": "Ellen Louise Axson Wilson (May 15, 1860 \u2013 August 6, 1914), first wife of Woodrow Wilson was First Lady of the United States from 1913 until her death.\nEarly life.\nEllen spent her childhood in Rome, Georgia. Her father\u2019s name was Reverend S.E. Axson. Her father was a Presbyterian minister. Thomas Woodrow Wilson first saw Ellen when he was about six and she only a baby. In 1883, as a young lawyer from Atlanta, \"Tommy\" visited Rome (Georgia) and met \"Miss Ellie Lou\" again. She was looking after her father\u2019s household. He wanted to marry her. The marriage took place in 1885, as she did not immediately wanted to leave her father alone. \nIn the same year, her husband got a teaching job at Bryn Mawr College. They lived near the campus. She kept her younger brother with them. The Wilson couple had three children. Margaret was born in 1886; Jessie was born in 1887. A third child named Eleanor was born in Connecticut, while Wilson was teaching at Wesleyan University. \nBeginning in 1890, her husband had a well-known career at Princeton University. This brought much social responsibility to Ellen. She spent most of her time painting. She had a studio in the White House where she painted. \nFirst Lady.\nThe Wilson couple began their administration without any party. As the First Lady, Ellen\u2019s entertainments were also simple. But her charms and warmness made the people happy. Her parties became successes. \nAs the First Lady, Ellen Wilson tried for improving the housing for the \"Negroes\" living in Washington D.C. She visited the slums where Negro families lived. This brought their bad living condition to the attention of the Congressmen.\nDeath.\nShe had Bright's disease. She died on 6 August 1914 after an operation on her appendix. At the time of her death, she quietly said to the physician: \"\u2026take good care of my husband.\" She also told her physician to tell her husband to marry again after her death. Wilson was very sad at her death. He took her to Rome, Georgia for burial. He would later marry Edith Wilson in 1915."}
+{"id": "97386", "revid": "9795953", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97386", "title": "F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale", "text": "The F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Cynologique Internationale (FCI, World Canine Organisation) is an association of kennel clubs. It is based in Thuin, Belgium.\nIt has 84 members and contract partners (one member per country) that each issue their own \"pedigrees\" (rules about how each type of dog should look) and train their own judges. The FCI makes sure that the pedigrees and judges are of one FCI member are recognised by all other FCI members."}
+{"id": "97388", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97388", "title": "Geographic coordinates", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97391", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97391", "title": "Robertstown", "text": "Robertstown is a village in County Kildare, Ireland. It is near to many famous villages such as Allenwood.\nPeople.\nRobertstown has a population of 707 people."}
+{"id": "97395", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97395", "title": "GAA", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97400", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97400", "title": "Hermanas Mirabal Province", "text": "Hermanas Mirabal (known previously as Salcedo province) is a Dominican province, in the north-central part of the country. Its capital city is Salcedo.\nIt was created on 1952 with the name Province Salcedo. In November 2007, its name was changed to Hermanas Mirabal. It was a municipality of the Espaillat province before being elevated to the category of province.\nLocation.\nThe Hermanas Mirabal province is bordered to the north and the west by the province of Espaillat, to the east by the Duarte province and to the south by La Vega.\nOrigin of name.\n\"Hermanas Mirabal\" (\"Mirabal Sisters\") were three sisters (Patria, Minerva and Mar\u00eda Teresa Mirabal) that lived in Ojo de Agua, a small town in this province, and that were killed on 25 November 1960 by people of the dictator Rafael Trujillo. That day, 25 November, is now known as the \"International Day of Non Violence Against Women\".\nHistory.\nThe province was created in 1952 with the name of \"Salcedo province\", with the municipalities of Salcedo and Tenares, that were parts of the Espaillat province; Salcedo was named as capital of the province.\nIn 1959, Villa Tapia became a municipal district of the province but was made a municipality in 1968. Blanco was made a municipal district in 1968 and Jamao Afuera in 2003.\nPopulation.\nIn (last national census), there were people living in the Hermanas Mirabal province, and 26,649 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km\u00b2, one of the highest in the country\nIts population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 24th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.\n, the total estimated propulation of the province is 92,353 inhabitants.\nThe largest city of the province is Salcedo, its head municipality or capital, with a population (in ) of 35,306 inhabitants.\nGeography.\nThe Hermanas Mirabal province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 31st (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province; only the Distrito Nacional is smaller.\nThere are two geographic regions in the province. The northern half of the province is in the southern side of the Cordillera Septentrional (\"Northern mountain range\"); the mountains here are not very high. The southern half is in the Cibao valley.\nThe altitude of Salcedo, provincial capital, is .\nThe only protected area in the province is the \"Reserva Cient\u00edfica La Salcedoa\" (\"Scientific Reserve La Salcedoa\"), created to protect the habitat of an endemic plant: the \"Salcedoa mirabaliarum\". The area is in a karstic region and includes part of the Espaillat province.\nClimate.\nThe climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year.\nMunicipalities.\nThere are 3 municipalities and 2 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are:\nEconomy.\nThe main economic activity of the province is agriculture and the main products are plantain, cassava, coffee and cacao."}
+{"id": "97409", "revid": "15631", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97409", "title": "Class (computer science)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97415", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97415", "title": "Breckerfeld", "text": "Breckerfeld is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, (Germany). It is in the southeastern part of the Ruhr area in northern Sauerland."}
+{"id": "97420", "revid": "8659197", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97420", "title": "Paul Raud", "text": "Paul Raud (October 22, 1865 - November 22, 1930) was an Estonian painter. He had twin brother, Kristijan Raud, who was also painter. Paul Raud studied in D\u00fcsseldorfi art academy."}
+{"id": "97421", "revid": "9249", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97421", "title": "Paul raud", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97428", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97428", "title": "Alhazen", "text": "Alhazen or Alhacen or ibn al-Haytham (965\u20131039) was a pioneer of modern optics. Some have also described him as a \"pioneer of the modern scientific method\" and \"first scientist\", but others think this overstates his contribution. Alhazen's \"Risala fi\u2019l-makan\" (Treatise on Place) discussed theories on the motion of a body. He maintained that a body moves perpetually unless an external force stops it or changes its direction of motion. He laid foundations for telescopic astronomy.\nHe was an Arab Muslim polymath who made contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, physics, psychology, Muslim theology, visual perception. He is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a), after his birthplace in the city of Basra in Iraq (Mesopotamia).\nAlhazen lived mainly in Cairo, Egypt, dying there at age 74. Over-confident about practical application of his mathematical knowledge, he thought he could regulate the floods of the Nile. When he was ordered by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid caliphate, to carry out this operation, he realized he could not do it, and retired from engineering. Fearing for his life, he pretended to be mad, and was placed under house arrest. For the rest of his life he devoted himself entirely to his scientific work."}
+{"id": "97432", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97432", "title": "Weather balloon", "text": "A weather or sounding balloon is a balloon (specifically a type of high altitude balloon) which carries instruments in the sky to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity by means of a small measuring tool called a radiosonde. To get wind data, they can be tracked by radar, radio direction finding, or navigation systems (such as the satellite based Global Positioning System). \nThe invention of the weather balloon started the age of remote sensing, the ability to collect information where there are no people. Weather balloons are a major tool of atmospheric research. High altitude balloons have also been used by astronomers and cosmologists to take readings of certain particle frequencies or gather light readings free of excessive disturbance from Earth's lower atmosphere (troposphere).\nThe first observation balloon was launched immediately before the first manned balloon flight by Frenchmen Jean-Fran\u00e7ois de Rozier and the Marquis d'Aalandes on November 21, 1783, for a pre-flight wind reading. Later, French meteorologist Leon Teisserenc de Bort (1855-1913) pioneered the use of weather balloons, handily proving their utility. With balloon-acquired data, he determined the existence of a lower level of the atmosphere, which he termed the troposphere or \"sphere of change,\" where weather takes place. Since the 1930s, when radio tracking systems were invented, balloons have been used as complete floating weather stations, using such instruments as thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, cameras, and telescopes.\nMany agencies use weather balloon flights to model the atmosphere and to make more accurate weather predictions. They collect such atmospheric information as temperature , pressure, and humidity that can then be plotted on weather maps. Three-dimensional atmospheric modeling is also possible using weather balloons because the instruments they carry are able to provide data collected from several different altitude points. Since they started, the long bags of helium have been carrying aloft increasingly sophisticated observation devices. The take the science of weather observation literally to the edges of outer space ."}
+{"id": "97438", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97438", "title": "Einsatzgruppen", "text": "\"The Einsatzgruppen\" were a paramilitary group in Nazi Germany created by the notorious Nazi SS-Gestapo Officer Reinhard Heydrich . They were part of the \"Schutzstaffel\" (SS). They helped make The Holocaust happen by murdering about 12 million people throughout Europe. Almost all of the people they killed were civilians.\nSometimes, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" would kill only a few people at once. Other times, they would kill thousands of people in a few days. For example, at Babi Yar, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" killed 33,771 Jewish people in two days.\nMost of the people the \"Einsatzgruppen\" killed were Jews. They killed between 5 and 6 million Jews.p.\u00a0257 However, they also killed hundreds of thousands of Polish people, Soviets, and Roma people in Eastern Europe.\nAfter Nazi Germany lost World War II, 24 leaders of the \"Einsatzgruppen\" were put on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. Sixteen were convicted. Fourteen were sentenced to death, and two were sentenced to life in prison. Other countries later tried four other \"Einsatzgruppen\" leaders, convicted them, and sentenced them to death.pp=274\u2013275\nCreation and Action T4.\nSS leader Reinhard Heydrich created the \"Einsatzgruppen\" around 1938.\nAt first, in October 1938, Heydrich sent the \"Einsatzgruppen\" to the Sudetenland. Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany, wanted to take over the Sudetenland. He was ready to use the Nazi military to invade the area. However, in the Munich Agreement, world powers agreed that Hitler could have the Sudetenland. The \"Einsatzgruppen\" helped take over government buildings, and took all the government papers they could find. They also arrested about 10,000 Czech communists and German citizens.pp.\u00a0405, 412\nFrom September to December 1939, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" took part in the Nazis' Action T4 program. The Nazis believed that people with physical, intellectual, and mental disabilities did not deserve to live. Action T4 was a plan to kill them all. At first, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" and other Nazis shot these people. However, by spring of 1940, the Nazis started using gas chambers so they could kill people with disabilities more quickly.pp.\u00a0138\u2013141\nInvasion of Poland.\nIn 1939, Hitler decided to invade Poland. Heydrich decided the \"Einsatzgruppen\" would follow the regular German Army.p.\u00a0425 Their job would be to kill the most important people in Polish society, like clergy, teachers, and members of the academia. They would also kill anyone who refused to agree with Nazi ideas or rules.p.\u00a0144 Adolf Hitler said: \"...there must be no Polish leaders; where Polish leaders exist they must be killed[.]\"p.\u00a0143 The Einzatsgruppen followed this plan by killing about 65,000 civilians by the end of 1939. These people included Polish leaders, Jews, prostitutes, Roma people, and people with mental illnesses.pp.\u00a0430\u2013432\nFinally, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" forced the surviving Jews in Poland to move to ghettos in big Polish citiies. The Nazis planned to get rid of all the Jews in Poland, but they had not yet decided where to send them.pp.\u00a0227\u2013228, 242-245 With the help of the German Army, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" also forced tens of thousands of Jews eastward into the part of Poland that the Soviet Union had taken over.p.\u00a0429\nOperation Barbarossa.\nIn 1941, Hitler decided to invade the Soviet Union. He called this plan Operation Barbarossa. Hitler hated communism. He wanted to take over the communist Soviet Union, and kill communism for good.pp.\u00a095\u201396\nIn May 1941, Heydrich gave the \"Einsatzgruppen\" an order to kill the Jews in the Soviet Union.pp.\u00a094\u201395\nIn June 1941, Heinrich Himmler, the leader of the SS, told other SS leaders that the Nazis planned to kill up to 30 million people in the Soviet Union. The \"Einsatzgruppen\" would play an important part in this by murdering people who the Nazis thought were inferior. However, the Nazis would also use other strategies, like starvation, to kill other Soviets.p.\u00a0181\nThe \"Einsatzgruppen\" were divided into seven battalions.p.\u00a0225 Hitler's army invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. A few weeks later, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" started working in eastern Poland, which was controlled by the Soviet Union.p.\u00a0185 Heydrich gave them three main jobs:p.\u00a0177\nThe \"Einsatzgruppen\" did these jobs in many ways. Sometimes, they would make lists of people who they thought were enemies, and would then murder them. Other times, they would perform massacres of thousands of people over a few days. For example, at Babi Yar, one \"Einsatzgruppen\" battalion killed 33,771 Jews in two days; in the Rumbula massacre, another killed about 25,000 people in two days.\nMore \"Einsatzgruppen\" are created.\nAs the Nazis took over more and more countries, they created more \"Einsatzgruppen\". They also created smaller groups called \"Einsatzkommando\" and \"Sonderkommando\". These included:\nKillings in the Soviet Union.\nOrders to kill.\nAfter the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union, the \"Einsatzgruppen\"s main job was still to kill civilians, like they did in Poland. However, this time, Heydrich ordered the \"Einsatzgruppen\" to kill:\nBetween July 8 and July 17, Heydrich also ordered the \"Einsatzgruppen\" to kill:\nKillings.\nThe Red Army retreated. However, Heydrich thought there were Soviet guerrilla fighters still in the area and thought local Jews were helping them. He ordered the \"Einsatzgruppen\" to encourage anti-Jewish pogroms in the newly occupied territories. Pogroms (some of which the \"Einsatzgruppen\" started) broke out in Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine.p.\u00a0526 Within the first few weeks of Operation Barbarossa, 10,000 Jews were killed in 40 different pogroms. By the end of 1941, about 60 pogroms had happened, killing up to 24,000 people.p.\u00a0526\nAll of the main \"Einsatzgruppen\" took part in mass shootings from the beginning of the war.pp.\u00a0196\u2013202 At first, they shot only adult Jewish men. However, by August, they were shooting all Jews, including women, children, infants, and the elderly. At first, they killed people in firing squads. When this became too slow, the \"Einsatzkommandos\" began to shoot larger groups next to, or even inside, mass graves.p.\u00a0207 As news about these killings spread, many Jewish people ran away.\nThe Nazis began to send people to concentration camps and ghettos. Rural areas were mostly \"Judenfrei\" (free of Jews).pp.\u00a0211\u2013212 The Nazis created forced labour gangs so they could make use of the Jews as slaves until the Nazis had killed them all. The Nazis had put off that goal until 1942.pp.\u00a0212\u2013213\nKillings in the Baltic States.\n\"Einsatzgruppe A\" worked in the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These countries had been occupied by the Soviet Union before the Nazis took them over. \"Einsatzgruppe A\" killed about 140,000 people between June and November 1941.p.\u00a098\nWhen \"Einsatzgruppe A\" entered Kaunas, Lithuania, a pogrom was happening. They let all of the criminals out of jail and encouraged them to join the pogrom. In four days, 4,000 Jews were killed in the pogrom.p.\u00a041\nThe head of \"Einsatzgruppe A\" let a violent anti-Semitic man named Viktors Ar\u0101js start a smaller \"Einsatzgruppe\" called the Ar\u0101js Kommando. Together, the two groups killed 2,300 Jews in Riga, Lithuania. Within six months, the Ar\u0101js Kommando killed about half of the Jews in Latvia.\nGroups like the Ar\u0101js Kommando were created in Lithuania and Estonia too. With their help, \"Einsatzgruppe A\" was able to kill almost every Jew in its area.p.\u00a0182\nRumbula massacre.\nIn November 1941, Himmler decided that Latvians were not being killed fast enough. He wanted to move Jews from Germany into Latvia. He ordered that everyone living in the ghetto in Riga, Latvia, be murdered.pp.\u00a0206\u2013209\nThe Nazis told the people in the ghetto they were being sent to another place to live. They told them to bring their things and valuables.pp.\u00a0208\u2013210\nThe Nazis moved people towards a nearby forest a thousand at a time. They shot people who tried to run away or could not walk fast enough. They took the things the Jews had brought with them, and made them take off their clothes. Then, fifty at a time, they made the victims lie down in a mass grave and shot them.pp.\u00a0208\u2013210\nIn two days, about 25,000 people were murdered by the \"Einsatzgruppen\".pp.\u00a0210\u2013214\nKilling with poison gas.\nAfter a while, Himmler realized that the \"Einsatzgruppen\"s methods were not the best way to kill people as quickly and cheaply as possible.p.\u00a0197 He also found that many \"Einsatzgruppen\" had trouble killing so many people. Some had physical and mental health problems, and others became alcoholics.pp.\u00a052, 124, 168 Himmler made a final decision after watching a mass execution in August 1941. He decided that shooting Jews was too stressful for his men.pp.\u00a0547\u2013548\nHimmler decided that the answer to this problem was to kill Jews (and others) with poison gas.p.\u00a0167 Starting in 1942, all of the main \"Einsatzgruppen\" began killing people using gas vans, which had been used to kill people with disabilities early on in Action T4. In these vans, carbon monoxide exhaust fumes from the vans' engines were pumped into the back of the truck, killing the victims inside. However, by September 1941, Nazis at Auschwitz concentration camp had begun experimenting with Zyklon B, a cyanide-like pesticide.pp.\u00a0280\u2013281\nAt the Wannsee Conference on January 20, 1942, the Nazis officially decided to kill all of the Jews in Europe (11 million people). Some would be worked to death. Others would be killed in extermination camps (death camps).().p.\u00a0555-556 The Nazis created death camps like Auschwitz-Birkenau and Be\u0142\u017cec extermination camps with the goal of killing as many people as possible, as quickly as possible. These death camps replaced the \"Einsatzgruppen\" as the Nazis' main strategy of mass murder and genocide.pp.\u00a0279\u2013280\nAt first, the \"Einsatzgruppen\" were sent to fight partisans people in Nazi-occupied territories who continued to fight back against the Nazis.p.\u00a0248 However, by 1944, most \"Einsatzgruppen\" had become part of Waffen-SS fighting units or sent to guard death camps.\nJ\u00e4ger Report.\nThe \"Einsatzgruppen\" kept careful records of their mass murders so they could write reports to their supervisors. The Commander of \"Einsatzgruppe A\" filed the J\u00e4ger Report on December 1, 1941. it talks about \"Einsatzgruppen A\"s actions in Lithuania.\nThe report says that \"Einsatzgruppen A\" killed 137,346 people.p.\u00a0215 Most were Jews, but others were communists, criminals, and other Nazi \"enemies.\"p.\u00a0126 Starting in mid-August, when 3,207 people were murdered, the victims included children.p.\u00a0126\nIn February 1942, J\u00e4ger changed his estimates of how many people the \"Einsatzgruppen\" killed. He said there were 138,272 victims, including:p.\u00a0126\nJ\u00e4ger also said that only 1,851 of the victims (1.3%) were not Jewish.p.\u00a0126\nOther reports.\nMany other papers and reports written by the \"Einsatzgruppen\" talk about how many people the different units killed. For example, one researcher looked at over 200 Operational Situation Reports (reports from the \"Einsatzgruppen\" to their bosses about what they were doing). He also looked at letters and reports written by \"Einsatzgruppen\" bosses. He found that as of 1942, \"Einsatzgruppen A, B, C\", and \"D\" had killed almost a million people:"}
+{"id": "97440", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97440", "title": "Quibbler", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97443", "revid": "9785356", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97443", "title": "Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas", "text": "Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas (1484 \u2013 1566), known as the \"Apostle of the Indies\", was a 16th century Spanish priest and writer, and the first Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico. Las Casas was the Dominican priest who condemned the treatment of Indians in the Spanish empire. His widely disseminated 'History of the Indies' helped to establish the Black Legend of Spanish cruelty. \nBiography.\nBartolome de Las Casas was born in Seville, Spain in 1484. He was there when Christopher Columbus went to Seville in 1493 after Columbus' first trip to the Americas. His father, Pedro de las Casas, and his uncle went to the Americas in the second voyage of Columbus that left in November 1493.\nWith his father, he went to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in 1502 together with Nicol\u00e1s de Ovando, the new governor of the island. In 1506 he went to Rome, Italy, where he became a Catholic priest.\nHe went back to Hispaniola in 1508 and moved to Concepci\u00f3n de la Vega, in the Cibao valley, and got an encomienda (land with the indigenous people living there). Then he went in 1513 to Cuba and the governor Diego Vel\u00e1zquez gave him an \"encomienda\". But soon Las Casas began to understand that the native people (Ta\u00ednos in Cuba and Hispaniola) were treated as slaves in a very bad way, and he began to defend the native people.\nLas Casas became the first official priest in the New World in 1512.\nIn 1515 he went to Hispaniola, and from there to Spain to defend the native people of the Americas. From 1517 to 1523, and with the title \"Protector of the Indians\", he tried to develop a model settlement in northern Venezuela to protect the native people but the experiment failed. From there, he went to Hispaniola, joining the Dominican Order (an order of Catholic priests) in 1523.\nHe stayed in the city of Santo Domingo until 1527 when he was sent to Puerto Plata, on the northern coast, to found a new religious community and where he began to write his \"History of the Indies\".\nHe became Bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, from 1544 to 1547. He wrote a book about the abuse of Indians called \"A short account of the destruction of the Indies\". The book was finished in 1542 but it was not released as a book until 1552. It is his most famous book. He went to Spain and he stayed here until he died in 17 July 1566 in Madrid.\nWorks.\nSome of his more important written works are:"}
+{"id": "97444", "revid": "844779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97444", "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9, Santa Catarina", "text": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 it\u00b4s a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97445", "revid": "844779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97445", "title": "Balne\u00e1rio Cambori\u00fa", "text": "Balne\u00e1rio Cambori\u00fa is a Brazilian city in the state of Santa Catarina. In 2018, 138,732 people lived there. It is about from the city of Florian\u00f3polis, the state capital. Balne\u00e1rio Cambori\u00fa has an area of ."}
+{"id": "97446", "revid": "836766", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97446", "title": "Blumenau", "text": "Blumenau is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil, with 363,340 inhabitants."}
+{"id": "97447", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97447", "title": "Brusque, Santa Catarina", "text": "Brusque is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97448", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97448", "title": "S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9", "text": "There are a lot parishes that have the name S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 (Portuguese for Saint Joseph):"}
+{"id": "97449", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97449", "title": "Chapec\u00f3", "text": "Chapec\u00f3 is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97450", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97450", "title": "Crici\u00fama", "text": "Crici\u00fama is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97451", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97451", "title": "Itaja\u00ed", "text": "Itaja\u00ed is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville. The city was started on June 15, 1860. People started living in Itajai as early as the year 1658.\nGeography.\nItaja\u00ed can be found on the northern coast of the state. It is found on the banks of the river Rio Itaja\u00ed-A\u00e7u. The name of the city came from the name of the river. Itaja\u00ed has the cities Balne\u00e1rio Cambori\u00fa, Cambori\u00fa, Brusque, Gaspar, Ilhota and Navegantes next to it. Itaja\u00ed is found on the base Baixo Vale do Itaja\u00ed. It is next to the Atlantic Ocean. Itajai is pretty much built on a plain. Highway BR-101 is the main highway that passes by the city. Highways SC-100, SC-486, SC-470, and BR-470, connects Itaja\u00ed to the rest of the state.\nSister cities.\nItaja\u00ed has the following sister cities:"}
+{"id": "97452", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97452", "title": "Jaragu\u00e1 do Sul", "text": "Jaragu\u00e1 do Sul is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97453", "revid": "261019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97453", "title": "Joa\u00e7aba", "text": "Joa\u00e7aba is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97454", "revid": "1491799", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97454", "title": "Joinville", "text": "Joinville is a city in Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. It is a major industrial city. It is the largest city in Santa Catarina. About 550,000 people live in the city, and about 1.3 million people live in the surrounding metropolitan area. Most of the people are of German, Swiss and Norwegian descent. It is the third largest city in the southern region of Brazil. \nIndustry.\nJoinville is also the third largest industrial center in southern Brazil. The region produces more than 30% of the total GDP of the state of Santa Catarina. The largest corporations with headquarters in the city are Amanco, Busscar, Ciser, Datasul, Docol, D\u00f6hler, Embraco, Tupy, Lepper, Tigre, Wetzel, Whirlpool, Viqua, Schulz, and Universal Leaf Tobacco.\nDance festival.\nJoinville is known as the city of the Princes, flowers, dance and bicycles. The Joinville Dance Festival is a major event in the month of July - it is recognized as the world's largest dance festival (listed in the Guinness Book of Records). A subsidiary of the School of Ballet of the Bolshoi Theatre, the only one outside Russia, is highlighted in the training of dancers.\nAirport.\nThe Airport of Joinville (Lauro Carneiro de Loyola) is one of the largest in South Region. It is located 13\u00a0km from the city center, 110\u00a0km from airport and 163\u00a0km from Curitiba to Florian\u00f3polis Airport. Of Joinville there are several daily flights to S\u00e3o Paulo (Congonhas), through Companies: Gol Airlines, TAM and Azul."}
+{"id": "97455", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97455", "title": "Lages", "text": "Lages is a city of the Santa Catarina state, in Brazil. The biggest city in Santa Catarina is Joinville."}
+{"id": "97456", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97456", "title": "Brusque", "text": "Brusque can mean:"}
+{"id": "97465", "revid": "1507217", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97465", "title": "Berwick-upon-Tweed", "text": "Berwick-upon-Tweed is a town in Northumberland, United Kingdom. It is the most northerly town in England, and is 2 miles from Scotland. Around 15,000 people live in Berwick. Many people visit Berwick because it is a nearby market town.\nBerwick used to be a Scottish town and a very important port. The town's ownership has changed more than 12 times. In 1482, the English took Berwick and never lost it again. Today, many Scottish people live in Berwick.\nThe Scottish county called Berwickshire is named after Berwick."}
+{"id": "97506", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97506", "title": "Hindemith", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97507", "revid": "3650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97507", "title": "Schmelzer", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97511", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97511", "title": "Martin van Heemskerck", "text": "Maerten van Heemskerck or Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen (1 June 1498 \u2013 1 October 1574) was one of the best known Dutch portrait and religious painters of the 16th century (1500s). He became famous for a series of coloured prints of the Seven Wonders of the World.\nMarten van Heemskerck was born in the town of Heemskerck, near Haarlem in Holland. His father was a farmer. Marten was apprenticed to two painters in Haarlem, but was called home by his father to help with the farm work. Marten ran away from home, and in a single day travelled 50 miles to the town of Delft. He found another master to teach him painting, but soon left him as well. He then went to Haarlem where from 1527 to 1529 he worked with a painter called Jan van Scorel.\nOne of the artists who influenced Marten van Heemskerck at this time was Jan Mabuse who had travelled to Italy and had seen the paintings of famous artists from Florence and Venice. Marten began to copy the style of Mabuse's paintings. In 1532 he went to Italy and spent several years going from town to town, looking at the artworks and making drawings of what he saw.\nThe city that was to have the most influence on Marten van Heemskerck was Rome. He was very interested in the ruins left from the time of the Ancient Romans. He made many drawings of the ruined buildings and other things that he saw. His sketchbooks, which are now in a museum in Berlin are very important evidence for showing what Rome was like in the 1500s. One important building that he drew was St. Peter's Basilica which had been begun, but never completed. However, a study published in 2024 argues that the drawings in the Berlin Kupferstichkabinett are not by Heemskerck, but by Cornelis Floris (II), called Cornelis Floris de Vriendt and were only created around 1535/36-1538. The Berlin collection of drawings comprises the pages of three disintegrated sketchbooks and individual sheets which, according to this thesis, are all by Floris with a few exceptions.\nThe most famous artist who was alive at this time was Michelangelo. He was mainly a sculptor but he had spent five years painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Like everybody else, Marten van Heemskerck thought it was amazing. He was so influenced by the figures that Michelangelo had painted that he designed a series of pictures called \"Twelve Panels showing Strong Men from Mythology and Biblical History\". Like the series of the \"Seven Wonders of the Ancient World\" they are well known as prints made from \"engravings\" (they are printed from a metal plate with the design cut into it).\nWhen van Heemskerck was in Rome in 1536, he got work as a \"scene-painter\". This is like a person who paints the scenery in a theatre. Charles V had coming to Rome and was going to have a \"triumphal procession\". The streets of the city were decorated with archways for the emperor to pass under. Van Heemskerck worked with Antonio da San Gallo, Battista Franco and Francesco Salviati. The writer Giorgio Vasari saw some battle scenes that he painted and wrote that they were well composed and boldly painted.\nHe returned to the Netherlands and lived at Haarlem where he settled down and married twice. After that, he only left Haarlem for a short time, in 1572, to go to Amsterdam because the Spanish had invaded Haarlem. In 1540 became president of his Guild of Painters. He became a rich and well-known painter. When he died, he left some money in his will to be paid to a bridal couple who would get married on his tomb. This custom was believed to bring peace to the dead person. He also left some land to help an orphanage in the city.\nMany works by Marten van Heemskerck can still be seen. They include \"Adam and Eve\", \"St. Luke painting the Madonna and Child\" and a painting of Jesus in the museum in Ghent, Belgium. These pictures were done before he went to Italy. In the 1550s he painted several altarpieces which can be seen in the museums of Delft, Haarlem and Brussels, as well as lives of St. Bernard and St. Benedict."}
+{"id": "97513", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97513", "title": "London Boroughs", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97515", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97515", "title": "Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97516", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97516", "title": "Branched chain ketoaciduria", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97518", "revid": "10505448", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97518", "title": "Instrumental", "text": "An instrumental is music that has no words or people singing. The music is made only by musical instruments, or by makings sounds using other things, like bins.\nSome types of music like Jazz and classical music have a lot of instrumentals, but most other types of popular music do not.\nSome very popular instrumental songs are:"}
+{"id": "97527", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97527", "title": "Currywurst", "text": "Currywurst is a German dish. It is made from a pork sausage (), sliced and covered in a \"curry sauce\" (usually ketchup or tomato paste blended with curry) and generous amounts of curry powder. \nCurrywurst is often sold as a take-out/take-away food, Schnell-Imbisse, at diners or \"greasy spoons,\" on children's menus in restaurants, or as a street food.\nBerlin legend says that Herta Heuwer, from K\u00f6nigsberg, invented the currywurst sauce by experimenting at her stall in Berlin-Charlottenburg in 1949.\nPeople from the Ruhr-area say that the sauce was accidentally invented by a sausage stall owner in Essen, who dropped a can with curry powder into some ketchup. \nEarly in his career German pop singer Herbert Gr\u00f6nemeyer, raised in Bochum, wrote a song, in the Ruhr dialect, to currywurst.\nAlthough Berlin claims currywurst as its invention and \"national dish\", all over Germany, there are more than 20 different types of currywurst."}
+{"id": "97528", "revid": "440188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97528", "title": "7-1-1", "text": "7-1-1 is a telephone number in Canada and the United States. It is used by the Telecommunications Relay Service to let people who are deaf and people who can hear communicate with each other using a telephone. The 7-1-1 number lets these people talk through an operator, by turning the words into something that can be read on a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD)."}
+{"id": "97535", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97535", "title": "Johann Palisa", "text": "Johann Palisa (December 6 1848\u2013May 2 1925) was an Austrian astronomer, born in Troppau in Austrian Silesia (now in the Czech Republic).\nHe was a good finder of asteroids, finding 122 in all, from 136 Austria in 1874 to 1073 Gellivara in 1923. Some of the notable asteroids he found include 153 Hilda, 216 Kleopatra, 243 Ida, 253 Mathilde, 324 Bamberga, and the Amor asteroid 719 Albert.\nThe asteroid 914 Palisana and the Palisa crater on the Moon were named in his honour.\nEarly work.\nFrom 1866 to 1870, Palisa studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Vienna; however, he did not graduate until 1884. Despite this, by 1870 he was an assistant at the University's observatory, and a year later gained a position at the observatory in Geneva. A few years later, in 1872, at the age of 24, Palisa became the leader of the Austrian Naval Observatory in Pola. While at Pola, he found his first asteroid, 136 Austria, on March 18, 1874. Along with this, he found twenty-seven minor planets and one comet. During his stay in Pola he used a small six-inch refractor telescope to aid in his research.\nFamily.\nPalisa named some of the asteroids after his family: (320) Katharina after his mother, Katherina, (321) Florentina after his daughter Florentine. His second wife is Anna."}
+{"id": "97543", "revid": "1375466", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97543", "title": "Vulgate", "text": "The Vulgate (lat. \"Vulgata\") is a translation of the Christian Bible. St. Jerome did most of the work. The Vulgate was written in Latin in the 5th century.\n\"Versio vulgata\" is Latin for the \"version commonly used\"."}
+{"id": "97546", "revid": "1687742", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97546", "title": "M.C. Hammer", "text": "Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name MC Hammer (or simply Hammer), is an American rapper, actor, record producer and dancer. He was popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Hammer is known for becoming very wealthy and well known in a short period of time. His fame and money did not last long though. He lost it all in a very short period. Hammer was also known for the pants he wore. \"Hammer Pants\" became a fashion trend while he was popular. He became a preacher in the late 1990s. Hammer now works as a television host, entrepreneur, music executive and CEO.\nHammer was a contestant in the first season of \"The Surreal Life\".\nHammer is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election."}
+{"id": "97549", "revid": "369772", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97549", "title": "Nuclear power plant", "text": "A nuclear power plant is a type of power station that generates electricity using heat from nuclear reactions. These reactions take place within a reactor. The plant also has machines which remove heat from the reactor to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity. Electricity made by nuclear power plants is called nuclear power. \nNuclear power plants are usually near water to remove the heat the reactor makes. Some nuclear power plants use cooling towers to do this. Nuclear power plants use uranium as fuel. When the reactor is on, uranium atoms inside the reactor split into two smaller atoms. When uranium atoms split, they give off a large amount of heat. This splitting of atoms is called fission. \nThe most popular atoms to fission are uranium and plutonium. Those atoms are slightly radioactive. The atoms produced when fuel atoms break apart are strongly radioactive. Today, fission only happens in nuclear reactors. In nuclear reactors, fission only happens when the reactors parts are arranged properly. Nuclear power plants turn their reactors off when replacing old nuclear fuel with new fuel. \nThere are about four hundred nuclear power plants in the world, with many in the United States, France, and Japan. Some famous accidents at nuclear power plants were the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine, and the 1979 Three Mile Island accident in the United States. An anti-nuclear movement in Australia opposes the making of any nuclear power plants in the country."}
+{"id": "97550", "revid": "15685", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97550", "title": "Nuclear plant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97556", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97556", "title": "Progression", "text": "Progression can be any of the following:\nIn mathematics:\nIn music:\nIn other fields:"}
+{"id": "97558", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97558", "title": "Corsican", "text": "Corsican might mean:"}
+{"id": "97563", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97563", "title": "Charing Cross Hospital", "text": "Charing Cross Hospital is a hospital in Hammersmith. It is part of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.\nCharing Cross Hospital was set up in Villiers Street, London, in 1823. It became known as Charing Cross Hospital in 1827. It was set up after Dr. Benjamin Golding started a meeting in 1818.\nIt was originally built in Central London but it was moved after World War II. It reopened on Fulham Palace Road in 1973. The hospital was designed and built by Decimus Burton. It was much bigger and more modern than others at the time. Today it is still in use. It is a teaching hospital for students. It has 15 floors."}
+{"id": "97564", "revid": "555269", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97564", "title": "8-1-1", "text": "8-1-1 is a telephone number in the United States and Canada. In the United States, 8-1-1 is the number to call to find underground power cables, gas pipes, and other utilities. This lets people avoid them while they are digging. Underground cables and pipes can be damaged by digging tools. A damaged gas pipe can leak, which is very bad.\nIn Canada, 8-1-1 is the number to call for health questions that are not emergencies.\n8-1-1 used to be a direct line to the business office of the telephone company giving service on the line. Once a person has called, they could do different things, such as pay their phone bill, talk to Customer Service, or get another phone line. In 2007, it was put together with 6-1-1."}
+{"id": "97588", "revid": "1271098", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97588", "title": "American Airlines Flight 11", "text": "American Airlines Flight 11 was the first hijacked airplane of the September 11 attacks. It crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The American Airlines aircraft was a Boeing 767. It was scheduled (planned) to fly from Logan International Airport in Boston to Los Angeles International Airport. Fifteen minutes after takeoff, the hijackers forced their way into the cockpit. One of the hijackers was a trained pilot. He took the controls of the aircraft and flew it into the North Tower. The hijackers were members of the terrorist group Al-Qaeda.\nAll 92 people on the airplane died in the crash\u201411 crew members and 81 passengers; 5 of them were hijackers. The crash took place at 08:46 Eastern Daylight Time. Many people near by panicked as they saw the crash. A few people were able to capture the moment of impact; Jules Naudet, a French cameraman who was filming a movie, and Pavel Hlava, a Czech immigrant. Additionally, a webcam set up by Wolfgang Staehle at an art exhibit in Brooklyn that took pictures of Lower Manhattan every four seconds, and a newscamera that was left on the ground also captured the crash. The crash and the fire that started right after it made the North Tower collapse within 102 minutes. The attack killed nearly 3,000 people and injured thousands more. It left a profound mark on American history and changed the system of airport security.\nFlight.\nThe aircraft flying American Airlines Flight 11 was a Boeing 767-200ER. Even though it could carry a maximum of 158 passengers, the September 11 flight carried only 81 passengers and 11 crew members. Flying the aircraft was pilot John Ogonowski and first officer Thomas McGuinness. The flight attendants were Barbara Arestegui, Jeffrey Collman, Sara Low, Karen Martin, Kathleen Nicosia, Betty Ong, Jean Roger, Dianne Snyder and Madeline Sweeney.\nBoarding.\nMohamed Atta, a member of terrorist group al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and the leader of the terrorists and another hijacker, Abdulaziz al-Omari, flew together from Portland, Maine to Boston, Massachusetts early on September 11, 2001. Both hijackers had first class tickets for a flight to Los Angeles, California. Three other hijackers, Waleed al-Shehri, Wail al-Shehri and Satam al-Suqami arrived at Logan International Airport by car. All five checked in and by 07:40, were aboard the aircraft which was supposed to leave at 07:45.\nAtta, the Egyptian leader of the terrorist attackers, sat in business class with al-Omari and al-Suqami. The al-Shehris sat in first class. The aircraft taxied away from Gate B32 and departed Logan International Airport at 07:59 from runway 4R after a 14-minute delay.\nThe hijacking.\nIt is thought that the hijacking of the plane started at 08:14. This was when the pilot and first officer stopped talking with air traffic control at Boston. Two minutes later, the aircraft stopped flying along the route it was supposed to. No more radio replies came from the aircraft and the system in the aircraft used to avoid crashing into other aircraft was also switched off. Flight attendants Ong and Sweeney, two of the several flight attendants, contacted American Airlines with AT&T airphones during the hijack. They said the hijackers had hurt two of the other attendants and killed an Israeli passenger. During the four-minute call, Ong told the airline which seats the hijackers were sitting in and said no one could get into the cockpit, where the hijackers were now.\nAt 08:23:38, Mohamed Atta tried to talk to the passengers from the cockpit but he pressed the wrong message button and sent the message to air traffic control. He said that \"[They] have some planes, just stay quiet and you'll be okay. We are returning to the airport.\" A minute later he said, \"Nobody move. Everything will be okay. If you try to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet.\" Air traffic control finally realized that the aircraft had been hijacked, and they called the Federal Aviation Administration. Soon after, Atta announced, \"Nobody move please, we are going back to the airport, don't try to make any stupid moves.\" Five minutes later, Boston air traffic control called North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). NORAD ordered two F-15 fighter aircraft to catch the flight, but it was too late\u2014American Airlines Flight 11 had already made its last turn towards Manhattan and crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center no more than six minutes after the fighter aircraft had taken off.\nCrash.\nAt 08:46:40, Atta and the hijackers crashed Flight 11 into the northern side of the North Tower (Tower 1) of the World Trade Center. The aircraft, traveling at about [or 404 knots] and carrying about 20 U.S. gallons of flammable fuel, hit between the 93rd and 99th floors of the North Tower. In all, 92 people on board were killed.\nBecause of the angle the airplane struck, people could not escape from at or above where the aircraft had crashed (floors 100 and up). All stairs and elevators from the 92nd floor to at least the 99th floor were blocked by fire or debris, trapping 1,344 people. Hundreds were killed right away by the impact. The rest either were trapped and died from the fire, smoke or the collapse of the tower, and some even died after they jumped or fell out the windows of the burning building. More than one elevator shaft carried the burning fuel downward, exploding on the 44th floor sky lobby and the Lobby of the North Tower causing damage to the marble walls, shattering windows and causing severe burns to several people.\nJules Naudet, a French cameraman filmed the crash. A webcam set up at an art exhibition in Brooklyn to take pictures of Lower Manhattan, every four seconds, also filmed Flight 11 crashing into the North Tower.\nNews organizations first reported an explosion at the World Trade Center. CNN interrupted a commercial at 08:49 with the headline that read \"World Trade Center Disaster.\" President George W. Bush was arriving at an elementary school in Sarasota, Florida when he was told about the crash. The president said, \"This is pilot error. It's unbelievable that somebody would do this. The guy must have had a heart attack.\" The first news reports believed that the crash had been an accident until Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower at 09:03, minutes after.\nAfter the crash.\n102 minutes after the crash, the North Tower burned and collapsed in on itself. Although the crash caused much damage, the fire caused by jet fuel was blamed for the damage and collapse of the tower. Hundreds of rescue workers also died when the tower collapsed.\nRescue workers at the site started to find remains of bodies from the victims of Flight 11 soon after the attack. Some workers found bodies strapped to airplane seats. Reports that the body of a flight attendant with her hands tied up was released in the days after the attacks, meaning that the hijackers may have used handcuffs. However, little evidence has been provided after the events to confirm whether this is in fact true or not. Within a year, remains of the 33\u00a0victims that had been on Flight\u00a011 had been identified. They identified two other Flight\u00a011 victims, lead flight attendant Karen Martin and another person, after body remains were discovered near Ground Zero in 2006. In April 2007, examiners using newer DNA technology identified another Flight\u00a011 victim. The remains of two hijackers, who could have been from Flight\u00a011, were also identified and removed from Memorial Park in Manhattan. The remains of the other hijackers have not been identified and are buried with other unidentified remains at Memorial Park.\nIn a video recording found months later in Afghanistan, al-Qaeda's leader, Osama bin Laden, seemed to say he planned the attack. He said he believed part of towers would collapse. The flight recorders, or tapes that record useful flight data, for Flight\u00a011 and Flight\u00a0175 were never found.\nAfter the attacks, the flight number for flights on the same route at the same takeoff time was changed to American Airlines Flight\u00a025, and a Boeing 757 was used instead of a Boeing 767. An American flag was flown on the jet bridge from which Flight\u00a011 departed from Logan Airport."}
+{"id": "97592", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97592", "title": "Varicella", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97593", "revid": "21531", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97593", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog 2", "text": "Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (also called Sonic 2) is the second video game in the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series. It is a sequel to \"Sonic the Hedgehog\". It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1992. Unlike the first game, it has a half-pipe special stage and has seven Chaos Emeralds instead of six. It also introduces Miles \"Tails\" Prower.\nDevelopment of the game began in November 1991, five months after the first game released. The game was developed by both Japanese and American staff at Sega Technical Institute.\nPlot.\nDr. Robotnik has begun making his ultimate weapon: the Death Egg. He searches for the seven Chaos Emeralds, which are hidden on West Side Island, to use as the spaceship's power source. Sonic goes to West Side Island to chase Robotnik down, and meets a two-tailed fox nicknamed Tails.\nTo stop Robotnik's evil plans, Sonic and Tails travel through 11 zones: Emerald Hill, Chemical Plant, Aquatic Ruin, Casino Night, Hill Top, Mystic Cave, Oil Ocean, Metropolis, Sky Chase, Wing Fortress and finally the Death Egg. At the end of the game, after Sonic defeats Robotnik and his Death Egg Robot, Tails saves Sonic from falling to the ground with his plane, the \"Tornado\". The Death Egg crashes into Angel Island, setting up the events of \"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\".\nGameplay.\nThe gameplay is similar to the first \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" game; the player can run, curl up into a ball and jump, and perform a new move, the Spindash. The Spindash is a move where Sonic can curl up, gain energy, and roll at high speeds. Tails follows Sonic through most of the levels so he can help pick up rings and destroy enemies.\nWhen the player touches a checkpoint with at least 20 rings, they can go to a special stage where they must collect as many rings as they can while dodging bombs. If the player wins a special stage, they earn a Chaos Emerald. Getting all seven lets the player turn into Super Sonic, a form that makes Sonic invincible and lets him run faster and jump higher. Using Super Sonic drains one ring every second, and hitting 0 will turn Sonic back to normal. Getting all seven emeralds also unlocks the good ending.\nDevelopment.\nAfter the release of the original \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", creator Yuji Naka quit Sega due to disagreements over corporate policy. Mark Cerny, who had recently created Sega Technical Institute (STI) in California, met with Naka in Japan. He offered Naka a higher salary and more creative freedom if he joined STI. Naka agreed. Hirokazu Yasuhara, the lead level designer of \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", also decided to join STI.\nReception.\nBecause of the popularity of its predecessor, \"Sonic the Hedgehog 2\" already had a fanbase waiting for its release. The game received a lot of praise, and it was a bestseller in the UK charts for 2 months. As of 2006, the game had sold over 6 million copies. This makes it the second best-selling game on the Sega Genesis.\n\"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" said it was the best Genesis game of 1992.\nThe most common criticisms were about the two-player mode, a first for the series."}
+{"id": "97595", "revid": "10468229", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97595", "title": "United Airlines Flight 175", "text": "United Airlines Flight 175 was the second hijacked airplane of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The flight was traveling from Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California.\nIt crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center. The plane was hijacked by five members of al-Qaeda. The plane was a Boeing 767. 56 people (including 5 hijackers) and 9 crew members died in the crash. The time of the crash was 9:03 AM Eastern Daylight Time. Unlike American Airlines Flight 11, which crashed into the North Tower 17.5 minutes earlier, Flight 175 was the only plane seen live on television because of the media attention drawn to the scene from the crash of Flight 11.\nAircraft.\nThe aircraft used in the attack was a Boeing 767-222. The aircraft had a registration of N612UA, and it was built in 1983 by Boeing. The airplane could seat 168 passengers in total (10 seats in first class, 33 seats in business class, and 125 seats in economy class). On this particular flight, 56 passengers (5 of which were hijackers), and nine staff members. All together, United Airlines Flight 175 carried 65 people on the morning of September 11."}
+{"id": "97596", "revid": "10341685", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97596", "title": "Folk rock", "text": "Folk rock music is a mixture of folk music with modern rock music. Folk rock began in the mid 1960s with performers like The Byrds. Folk singer Bob Dylan created a sensation at the 1965 Newport Festival when he used electric guitar in his performance. This led to many groups wanting to play folk music in the rock style. These groups included Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span, Pentangle and Alan Stivell."}
+{"id": "97597", "revid": "10471870", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97597", "title": "Jimmy Page", "text": "James Patrick Page OBE (born 9 January 1944 in Heston, Middlesex, England) is an English guitarist, songwriter and producer. He began his career as a studio session guitarist in London. From 1966 to 1968 he was a member of The Yardbirds. After that band ended Page went on to form the band Led Zeppelin.\nAllmusic describes Page as \"one of the most influential guitarists in rock history\". In 2003, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Page #9 in its list of \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".\nFrom the early 1970s to the early 1990s, Page owned the Boleskine House. Earlier, the house had belonged to occultist Aleister Crowley. Page was interested in the magic that Crowley used. \nAlong with Tony Iommi of Black Sabbath, Page is often considered one of the greatest riff writers of all time.\nJimmy Page has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. The first time was in 1992 as a member of The Yardbirds. He was inducted again in 1995 as a member of Led Zeppelin."}
+{"id": "97598", "revid": "8911071", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97598", "title": "John Paul Jones (musician)", "text": "John Paul Jones (born John Baldwin on 3 January 1946), in Sidcup, Kent) is an English musician and record producer, and was known for being the bassist, the keyboardist, backing vocalist, and the mandolin player for rock band Led Zeppelin.\nEarly Years.\nJohn started playing the Piano when he was six years old. His father, Joe Baldwin was his teacher. When he was 15 Jones joined his first band called The Deltas. In 1962 Jones joined a band called The Shadows. The Shadows had one hit song called Diamonds, which an artist named Jimmy Page had helped write.\nLed Zeppelin.\nDuring his time with The Shadows Jones was seen by Jimmy Page. When Jimmy was forming his new band, Jones' wife suggested he ask Jimmy about the new band. Jimmy was very glad that Jones had asked, and the two formed a duo. Soon after singer Robert Plant and drummer John Bonham joined them forming a Quartet. At first, the group was called The New Yardbirds, but the name was soon changed to Led Zeppelin."}
+{"id": "97601", "revid": "679012", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97601", "title": "Robert Plant", "text": "Robert Anthony Plant (born 20 August 1948) is a rock singer and musician, and was known for being the lead vocalist for rock band Led Zeppelin. In 2007, he recorded an album with bluegrass fiddler Alison Krauss, and toured with her in 2008."}
+{"id": "97604", "revid": "1664975", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97604", "title": "John Bonham", "text": "John Henry \"Bonzo\" Bonham (31 May, 1948 \u2013 25 September, 1980) was an English rock drummer. He was best known for being a member of the band Led Zeppelin, two members being from the West Midlands. Bonham from Redditch, Worcestershire is considered one of the greatest rock drummers of all time.\nJohn Bonham's career started in 1967, when he joined the Band of Joy with singer Robert Plant. After having some success, the band broke up. At around the same time, another band called The Yardbirds also broke up. Soon after this, Jimmy Page, the lead guitarist for the Yardbirds, decided to start a new band. This new band, called Led Zeppelin, had Plant on vocals, John Paul Jones on bass and keyboards, Bonham on drums and Page playing guitar.\nBonham died after choking on his own vomit in his sleep after drinking forty shots of vodka, and bassist John Paul Jones found him the next morning.\nLed Zeppelin.\nAfter playing some small gigs throughout England, the band came out with their first album, named \"Led Zeppelin I\". John Bonham's talents can be heard on such songs as \"Good Times, Bad Times\", featuring his single bass drum skip throughout the song. Soon after this, the band left for a tour of America, on Boxing Day (26 December 1969). After a rather successful tour, Zeppelin came out with their second album, naming it \"Led Zeppelin II\". This album included the song \"Moby Dick\", which had a famous drum solo by Bonham. Throughout the solo, Bonham showed off his talents by playing hand drums while continuing to use his right foot.\nBy this time, Led Zeppelin was becoming more well known. With the release of their third album (not surprisingly named \"Led Zeppelin III\"), they became one of the biggest bands in the world. Bonham's featured song on this album, which he wrote, was \"Out On The Tiles\". \nLed Zeppelin later released the albums \"Led Zeppelin IV\" (which was originally unnamed), \"Houses of the Holy\", and \"Physical Graffiti\". During this time, Zeppelin was touring non-stop. In addition to still playing \"Moby Dick\", Bonham also received attention for his work on songs such as \"Four Sticks\", \"The Ocean\", and \"In My Time Of Dying\". \nSoon after \"Physical Graffiti\", the band took time off because Robert Plant was injured in a car crash. In this time off, besides spending time with his family and tinkering with cars, Bonham was working on their next album, \"Presence\".\nDeath.\nOn 24 September 1980, Bonham was picked up by his personal assistant, Rex King. They were going to a rehearsal for the upcoming tour. During the day, Bonham drank many alcoholic beverages. After the rehearsal the band left and went to Page's house. The next day, Benji LeFevre, Led Zeppelin's new tour manager, and John Paul Jones found Bonham dead.\nThe coroner ruled that Bonham had drank forty shots of vodka, and his cause of death was pulmonary edaema. Bonham had vomited in his sleep, and suffocated on his own vomit.\nAfter Bonham died, Led Zeppelin decided to quit because they felt that Bonham was too good to be replaced."}
+{"id": "97607", "revid": "470168", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97607", "title": "Quack", "text": "Quack is the sound a duck makes.\nQuack is also the name for someone who is a phony. One way that people use this word is a \"quack doctor\". A quack doctor sells people bad medicine that does not make people feel better.\nA quack can also mean a fake doctor who tries to sell his medicine to people when they do not really make you better which means they are fake. A quack doctor tries to tell people that they can cure everything but they can not, they just con you into going to them, but they do not cure you, they just make you feel a little bit better. \nThey also take some of the jobs from the doctors who have been to university and studied to become a doctor and then Quacks are just taking their patients away from them."}
+{"id": "97609", "revid": "642202", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97609", "title": "Hoof", "text": "A hoof is the foot of certain animals known as ungulates (such as deer, cows, pigs, sheep, and giraffes). These animals walk on their toes. The toes have a hard cover made out of the same material as fingernails. This is called keratin."}
+{"id": "97619", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97619", "title": "Jyutping", "text": "Jyutping is a romanization for the Cantonese language. It was created by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993."}
+{"id": "97646", "revid": "806900", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97646", "title": "Combination", "text": "Combination may mean:"}
+{"id": "97647", "revid": "9499872", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97647", "title": "S-type asteroid", "text": "An S-type asteroid is an asteroid that is mainly \"silicaceous\", or made of a lot of silicon. This is why it is called an \"S-type\". About 17% of all asteroids are this type of asteroid, meaning that they are the second most common after C-type asteroids. \nS-type asteroids are the most common asteroid in the inner main belt, but become very rare farther out in space. The biggest asteroid of this type is 15 Eunomia.\nS-type asteroids are the most mineral dense asteroids."}
+{"id": "97649", "revid": "14677", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97649", "title": "Main belt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97654", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97654", "title": "List of World Wrestling Entertainment alumni", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97671", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97671", "title": "Yelle", "text": "Yelle (born Julie Budet, January 17, 1983) is a French singer and rapper from the city of Saint-Brieuc. She became famous from MySpace.com when she uploaded a song called \"Short Dick Cuizi\". With her producer who is also a close friend called GrandMarnier, Yelle has recorded her first album called \"POP-UP\", after her hit single \"Je Veux Te Voir\". She was also featured on Fatal Bazooka's song \"Parle \u00e0 ma main\" in 2007. As of October 2007, she opened for Mika during his European tour. In February 2008, she performed the song \"A cause des Gar\u00e7ons\" on the BBC Three programme \"Lily Allen and Friends\". The programme said that this was her first appearance on UK television."}
+{"id": "97677", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97677", "title": "Ozama River", "text": "The River Ozama is a river in the eastern part of the \"Llano Costero del Caribe\" (in English, \"Caribbean Coastal Plain\"). Its overall length of 148 km makes it the fourth longest river in the Dominican Republic, and its watershed (2,685 km\u00b2) is the fourth largest of the country.\nBecause large parts of the watershed is found in region where rainfalls are frequent, without a dry period, its flow is always very good.\nName.\nOzama is a Ta\u00edno word. Bartolom\u00e9 de Las Casas always wrote \"Hozama\". When he wrote, the \"H\" represented the letter \"J\" and was pronounced (similar to the English \"H\" in house, home). There are several words in the Dominican Republic with that H: Haina-Jaina, Hait\u00ed-Jait\u00ed.\nWriters of the 16th century wrote Hosama and Osama. But later the H disappeared completely.\nCourse.\nThe sources of the Ozama are in the Loma Siete Cabezas mountain (in English, \"Seven Heads Mountain\"), the highest mountain of the Sierra de Yamas\u00e1 mountain range. It flows east through the Monte Plata province and then slowly bends southeast, forming part of the limits between the Santo Domingo and Monte Plata provinces.\nNear the municipality of San Luis, it is joined by the River Yabacao and then turns to the southwest. In the city of Santo Domingo, the river flows to the south and into the Caribbean Sea.\nThe most important tributaries are Yabacao, Isabela and Savita (or Sabita).\nCities.\nThe \"Greater Santo Domingo\", that includes Santo Domingo and parts of Santo Domingo Este and Santo Domingo Norte, is the most important city on the river banks. The river divides the old city of Santo Domingo in three sections; before 2001, all three sections were part of Santo Domingo but now only the western part is part of the city. The eastern section is the city of Santo Domingo Este and the northern section is part of Santo Domingo Norte.\nEnvironment and usage.\nThe River Ozama flows through a region where rainfalls are frequent and, for that reason, its water is not needed for irrigation. There are too much solid materials in the water and it cannot be used for the houses.\nWater from the Caribbean Sea gets into the river for several kilometres because the riverbed is below sea level. There were mangroves (plants that can live in water with a hight salinity), and there are still some near La Victoria, on the banks of the river near the mouth because of the salinity of its water.\nWater quality in the River Ozama has been severely affected by industrialisation, ships, and the large population that lives around its banks close to the mouth.\nThe river is not deep enough for big ships except close to the mouth. When the country was a Spanish colony, and some years after the Independence, flat boats were used to move around the region.\nIn history.\nThe city of Santo Domingo was founded in the 16th century on the left side of the mouth but soon it was moved to the right side and became the capital city of the Spanish colony.\nSugarcane was grown to produce sugar in lands around the River Ozama and its tributary Isabela. The river was used to take the sugar to the port of Santo Domingo.\nIn the 19th and 20th centuries, sugar cane was the most important crop grown close to the River Ozama. Cattle is also important in the region because grasses are abundant.\nFor the second half of the 20th century, Santo Domingo became the most important port of the country; the port was near the mouth of the River Ozama. But now the port is used mainly for tourist ships.\nIn art.\nThe River Ozama has been used in art, mainly in poetry, as a symbol of the country. Many poets wrote poems about the river when they were out of the country because of political reasons; they sang to the river to represent the return to their country. Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Puello, a Dominican poet of the 19th century, wrote several poems where the name is used to represent the country; two of them are \"Ecos del destierro\" (\"Echoes of the exile\") and \"La vuelta al hogar\" (\"Back to home\")."}
+{"id": "97688", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97688", "title": "Rose Line", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97689", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97689", "title": "The davinci code", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97702", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97702", "title": "Nipple", "text": "The nipple, also known as mammilla, is a special structure. Female mammals (and women) use nipples for breastfeeding. The breast in male and female mammals is made the same way. The production of milk for breastfeeding is controlled by hormones. This means that men cannot use their breasts to produce milk (unless they have a problem with their hormones). "}
+{"id": "97703", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97703", "title": "Aryan people", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97710", "revid": "1270372", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97710", "title": "American Airlines Flight 77", "text": "American Airlines Flight 77 was American Airlines' transcontinental flight from Washington Dulles International Airport, in Dulles, Virginia to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California. The flight flew every day in the morning on this route. On September 11, 2001, the aircraft flying this route\u2014a Boeing 757-223\u2014was hijacked by five al-Qaeda terrorists. The hijackers crashed the plane into the Pentagon on purpose. The crash was part of the September 11 attacks.\nThe hijackers went into the cockpit and made the passengers move to the back of the plane less than 35\u00a0minutes into the flight. Hani Hanjour, one of the hijackers who was trained as a pilot, took over the flight. Passengers on the plane were able to make telephone calls to loved ones. They also called people to tell them what was happening on the plane. The hijackers did not know that passengers were doing this.\nBarbara Olson, wife of U.S. Solicitor General Theodore Olson, was one of the passengers.\nThe aircraft crashed into the western side of the Pentagon at 09:37 EDT. All 64 people on board the aircraft, including the hijackers, died. 125 people in the building died as well. Dozens of people saw the crash. News sources began reporting on the incident within minutes. The impact damaged an area of the Pentagon and started a large fire. Part of the Pentagon collapsed. Firefighters spent days trying to stop the fire. The damaged areas of the Pentagon were rebuilt in 2002. The fixed areas were able to be used again starting on August 15, 2002.\nThe 184 victims of the attack are honored in the Pentagon Memorial next to the Pentagon. The park contains a bench for each of the victims. The benches are put in order of the victim's years of birth. These years range from 1930 (aged 71) to 1998 (aged 3)."}
+{"id": "97718", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97718", "title": "Sonic 2", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97719", "revid": "1316943", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97719", "title": "Sonic the Hedgehog (video game)", "text": "Sonic the Hedgehog (also known as Sonic 1) is a platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1991. It's the first video game of the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" series. It has many sequels and spin-offs. In the same year, Ancient developed the 8-bit version of the game for the Master System and Game Gear.\nGameplay.\nEvery level is split into \"zones\", with three \"acts\" per zone.\nBeing a 2D platformer, the player uses the game controller to move Sonic from the left side of an act to the right side. This game's main gimmick is Sonic's speed; the longer the player makes him run, the faster Sonic will go. Pressing the down button, or tilting the joystick downwards if using certain controllers, while running makes Sonic roll. When Sonic rolls, he curls up into a ball (a common trait of hedgehogs) and can destroy enemies called \"Badniks\", robots built by Dr. Robotnik that are in every zone. Sonic can also curl into a ball by jumping.\nThe game includes realistic momentum physics; Sonic will go slow when walking up a slope but can go up it quickly if he builds up enough speed, and goes faster when running down a slope.\nRings can be found in levels. When collected, Sonic will not die when getting hit but will instead have all collected rings spill out. Every 100 rings collected gives an extra life. Getting hit without any rings will make him die (lose a life). Losing all lives will result in a game over.\nThe first two acts of every zone end with a sign which spins and ends the level when Sonic touches it. If the player has at least 50 rings, a big ring that Sonic can enter will appear above the sign. It takes Sonic to a special stage, in which the player must jump through a spinning maze and reach the middle to earn one of six Chaos Emeralds. The third act of every zone ends with a boss battle against Dr. Robotnik in different flying machines designed to kill Sonic. Hitting Robotnik eight times defeats him, allowing Sonic to break open a capsule containing poached animals and run off to the next zone.\nPlot.\nIn order to steal six Chaos Emeralds, Dr. Robotnik traps animals from South Island into robots. The player controls Sonic, whose goal is to free the animals and retrieve the emeralds. If the player collects them all, the game will have a good ending. If the player does not succeed, the bad ending will show Robotnik keeping the emeralds for himself.\nDevelopment.\nIn 1989, Sega began development on the Sega Genesis. They needed a video game character to compete with Nintendo's Mario. Sega began a competition for their employees to make a character to rival Mario. Concepts included a man with resemblance to Mario's outfit and Bart Simpson's head, a Japanese ancient warrior, and a jester with a puppet in hand. It came down to 4 concepts by Naoto Ohshima. The man mentioned above, a man in pyjamas with a large mustache and resemblance to Theodore Roosevelt, a hedgehog with arms and legs and conjoined eyes, and a grey rabbit that could grab with his ears. It obviously boiled down to the hedgehog becoming Sonic, and the mustached-man becoming Dr. Ivo Robotnik.\nThere were more scrapped ideas including a human female love interest for the hedgehog, and Sonic fighting living monster alien creatures instead of the robots we are used to. These concepts were scrapped to strangely avoid resemblance to \"Super Mario Bros.\" (1985).\nAt Tokyo Toy Show 1990, a prototype for \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" was shown. Only magazine photos exist to prove that it's real, since the actual prototype was lost."}
+{"id": "97720", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97720", "title": "Bananas", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97730", "revid": "1611993", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97730", "title": "Tekken", "text": "Tekken is the first game for the Tekken series, released on December 9, 1994 for arcades. It was later released on the PlayStation in 1995. Tekken had two modes, Arcade mode and VS mode. Extra modes would be added in the next games."}
+{"id": "97734", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97734", "title": "Tekken 2", "text": "Tekken 2 is a fighting video game made by Namco. It was released in arcades in 1995 and released worldwide on PlayStation in 1996.\nCharacters.\nThe game contains twenty five characters. Most from the original game return in the game, except Jack."}
+{"id": "97737", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97737", "title": "Alicia Keys", "text": "Alicia Augello Cook (born January 25, 1981), known professionally as Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She has sold over forty-one million albums and singles worldwide as of 2007, and has won numerous awards, including fourteen Grammy Awards, eleven Billboard Music Awards, five American Music Awards, and fourteen NAACP Image Awards.\nEarly life.\nKeys was born on January 25, 1981, in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York City, New York. Her birth name is Alicia Augello Cook. She is the only child of Teresa Augello, a paralegal and part-time actress, and Craig Cook, a flight attendant. Her mother is of half Italian and half English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, and her father is of African American ancestry. Keys has expressed that she was comfortable with her mixed race heritage because she felt she was able to \"relate to different cultures\".\nConcert tours.\nHeadlining tours\nCo-headlining tours\nConcerts\nBibliography.\nBooks\nPublished articles\nOther contributions"}
+{"id": "97742", "revid": "9111262", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97742", "title": "Zlata's Diary", "text": "Zlata's Diary was a diary by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Zlata Filipovic. It was written between 1991 and 1993 about her life at the time. It was mostly about the Bosnian war that erupted near her in Sarajevo. She starts the fifth grade in the beginning of 1991 and she reunites her friends and her family. \nZlata's Diary is about a girl that lived through the Bosnian war. She kept a diary that she called Mimmy. Her entries were always, \"\"Dear Mimmy\" and she'd end with, \"Your Zlata\"\". \nZlata was known as the Anne Frank of Bosnia. The book tells you about her difficult childhood that was stolen away from her as a child. She learned to handle deaths and tragedies throughout the young years of her life. This book is good for children as they can understand the hardships faced by children living in countries in war."}
+{"id": "97743", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97743", "title": "Anna Bessonova", "text": "Anna Bessonova (; born 29 July 1984) is a Ukrainian 2 time Olympic Bronze medalist rhythmic gymnast. She was born in Kiev, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the daughter of Vladimir Bessonov and Viktoria Serkyh-Bessonova. \nCareer.\nShe began training for rhythmic gymnastics at the age of three. She has won a gold medal in the 2007 Patras Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships. She takes interest to modeling and may pursue a career in it. She is coached by Irina Deriugina and Albina Deriugina at Deriugin's School of Rhythmic Gymnastics.\nPersonal life.\nBessonova's father is an Dynamo Kyiv football player. Her mother used to be a rhythmic gymnast. Bessonova learned gymnastics from her mother.\nAfter Bessonova retired, she moved to the United States and started coaching girls in Florida."}
+{"id": "97760", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97760", "title": "List of counties in North Carolina", "text": "The U.S. state of North Carolina is divided up into 100 counties."}
+{"id": "97765", "revid": "9700093", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97765", "title": "Emmanuel College, Melbourne", "text": "The Emmanuel College: St. Paul's Campus (formerly St. Paul's College) is a Roman Catholic, secondary day school for boys. It is in Altona North, a south-western suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It a branch of one of Emmanuel College's education facilities.\nHistory.\nEstablishment.\nSt. Paul's Campus started as 'St. Paul's College' in 1965, under the guidance of the American Order of the Society of Marianists. The order had been asked to start this Catholic Secondary Boys' College by the then Archbishop of Melbourne, Dr. Daniel Mannix. The college's colours were then Red, White and Blue and its motto was Ecce Mater Tua (Latin:\"Behold Thy Mother\").\nBuilding construction.\nIn the early 1960s, the local parish priests purchased a large, eight hectare, undeveloped block in Altona North. Through the work of the parents of the school's first students, the austere block was transformed into an attractive property. The College's primary edifice, the three-storey building called the \"Jubilee Building\", was completed in 1969. Following to be completed were:\nThe Jubilee Building was extensively renovated in 1998. In 2004, with the assistance of a Commonwealth Government grant, work commenced on enlarging the library complex and the building of two new computer labs. These developments were completed in 2005 and the College has not undergone any significant renovations since.\nChange to Emmanuel College.\nIn 2006, the plans for Emmanuel College and the future of the school initiated. 2008 saw the full change from 'St. Paul's College' to 'Emmanuel College' with the acquisition of a second co-educational campus. The school eventually incorporated a new emblem and changed its motto to Life To The Full, which comes from the Gospel according to John: \"I have come that they may have life and have it to the full\" (John 10:10).\nHead Master and Current Staff.\nSince 1997, the principal has been Mr. Christopher Stock (BSc DipEd MEd B.Theol) at the St. Paul's Campus. In 2008 when the change to Emmanuel College was complete, he became the principal of Emmanuel College, and thus being the principal of two schools; the St. Paul's Campus and the Notre Dame Campus.\nHouse/Homeroom System.\nEmmanuel College House System consists of 5 houses:\nThese houses are named after the Marianists who first served at the school. Each house has 10 homerooms, each with about 25 students ranged from years 7-12 per homeroom.\nVictorian Certificate of Education (VCE).\nEmmanuel College has offered the VCE program at the St. Paul's Campus since its began in 1990."}
+{"id": "97766", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97766", "title": "Basra", "text": " \nBasra (; Al Ba\u1e63rah) is the third largest city of Iraq with a population of about 2,600,000 (2003). It is the country's main port. Ba\u1e63ra played an important role in early Muslim history, and it was the first city built in Islam 14 A.H (after Hijra)\nOverview.\nThe city lies at the Shatt al-Arab waterway near the Persian Gulf, from the Persian Gulf and from Baghdad, Iraq's capital and largest city."}
+{"id": "97767", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97767", "title": "Hijra", "text": "Hijra, as an Arabic word meaning migration (also romanised as hijrah, hejira and hegira) (cf. Hebrew \u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \"hagirah\" for \"emigration\") could mean:\nHijra may also mean:\nHejira may mean:\nHegira may mean: \nHiigara may mean:"}
+{"id": "97768", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97768", "title": "Nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97769", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97769", "title": "Hijrah", "text": "Hijra (\u0647\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629), or withdrawal, is the word that is used for the movement of Muhammad and most of his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622. The Hijra marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Alternate spellings of this Arabic word in the Latin alphabet are Hijrah, or Hegira in Latin.\nChronology of the Hijra.\nThe Muslim dates are in the Islamic calendar extended back in time. The Western dates are in the Julian calendar. The Hijra is celebrated annually on 8\u00a0Rabi'\u00a0I, about 66 days after 1\u00a0Muharram, the first day of the Muslim year. Many writers confuse the first day of the year of the Hijra with the Hijra itself, erroneously stating that the Hijra occurred on 1\u00a0Muharram AH\u00a01 or 16 July 622."}
+{"id": "97770", "revid": "10249378", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97770", "title": "622", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97773", "revid": "1685581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97773", "title": "The Nanny", "text": "The Nanny was an American sitcom starring Fran Drescher. It first showed in 1993 and ended in 1999.\nStory.\nFran Fine is a bridal consultant at Danny's Parisian Brides for Less. Thinking her boyfriend of three years will propose at any minute, she stays with him. But in the series premier, he dumps her for Heather Biblow. He fires her so Heather Biblow can take her job. Fran is forced to take a job as a door-to-door cosmetics saleswoman for Shades of the Orient cosmetics. When she knocks on the door of the Sheffield residence, the man at the door, who turns out to be the butler, mistakes her for an applicant for the nanny position. After meeting the man of the house, Maxwell Sheffield, he is none to thrilled with her unorthodox manners and lack of experience. Out of desperation, he takes her on as nanny on a trial basis.\nThe girls, Maggie, the oldest, and Gracie the youngest quickly warm up to her, but not Maxwell's son, the middle boy Brighton. He was the hardest to win over, and eventually she becomes an integral part of the Sheffield home, and she becomes best friends with the butler Niles. Maxwell's business partner C.C. Babcock, who wants Maxwell for herself, becomes jealous of Fran and sees her as a competitor.\nThe series showed many hints of the growing attraction between Miss Fine and Mr Sheffield, even so far as Mr Sheffield saying he loved her...then taking it back. Eventually they do get married after a lot of ups and downs. Near the end of the series, Fran gives birth to twins, a boy and a girl. The Sheffields (Maxwell, Fran, Grace, Jonah, Eve) move to California. Maggie and Brighton take a trip to Europe. The last scene of the show is of Fran finding her Shades of the Orient case from the series premiere, looking at the case and the house with loving memories and walking out the door for the last time.\nImpact.\nReception.\nThe show performed poorly in its first year. When it was almost canceled, Sagansky stepped in. According to Jacobson: \"At all those affiliate meetings, he used to say, 'Stick by \"The Nanny\"!' He knew it was something special.\" The sitcom was the first new show delivered to CBS for the 1993 season. It was the highest-tested pilot at the network in years. The series was also very successful internationally. In Australia, it was one of the highest-rated programs during the mid-to-late 1990s."}
+{"id": "97777", "revid": "1669142", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97777", "title": "List of The Nanny episodes", "text": "This is a list of the episodes of the CBS television sitcom The Nanny. There are 146 episodes in this series."}
+{"id": "97778", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97778", "title": "Wake County, North Carolina", "text": "Wake County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2020, 1,129,410 people lived there. Wake County has more people than any other county in North Carolina. The county seat is Raleigh, which is also the state capital. From 2005 to 2006, Wake County was the 9th fastest growing county in the United States.\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Wake County:\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Wake County:\nEducation.\nColleges and Universities.\nWake County has seven colleges and universities. They are: Meredith College, North Carolina State University, Peace College, Saint Augustine's College, Shaw University, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and Wake Technical Community College.\nPublic and Private Schools.\nThe Wake County Public School System runs the public schools in Wake County. The school system has over 155,000 students. There are 27 high schools, 33 middle schools, 104 elementary schools and 8 specialized schools. There are also nine charter schools and 31 private schools in the county.\nTransportation.\nRaleigh-Durham International Airport is in Wake County. Interstate 40 is a major interstate and part of it goes through the county. Several local bus services have routes throughout Wake County. Wake County also has two Amtrak stations, one in Raleigh and one in Cary.\nParks and Recreation.\nState parks.\nWake County has three state parks: Falls Lake State Recreation Area, William B. Umstead State Park, and the Jordan Lake State Recreation Area. Falls Lake Park is in northern Wake County and contains the 12,000 acre Falls Lake and 26,000 acres of woods. Umstead Park is between Raleigh and Cary. It has 5,579 acres of woods. Part of Jordan Lake Park, is in Wake County near Apex, and it has the 13,940 acre Jordan Lake and 46,768 acres of woods. This park has bald eagles.\nCounty parks and recreation centers.\nThere are 152 city parks, public swimming pools and public tennis courts in Wake County. There are 53 community centers. Fifteen miles of the American Tobacco Trail is in the county. People can use the trail to walk, jog, and ride bikes or horses.\nHospitals.\nWake County has three main hospitals, Rex Hospital, WakeMed, and Duke Raleigh Hospital. WakeMed also has many smaller hospitals throughout the county"}
+{"id": "97787", "revid": "1335174", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97787", "title": "Alison Moyet", "text": "Alison Moyet (born Genevieve Alison Jane Moyet on 18 June 1961), is an English pop singer-songwriter noted for her bluesy voice . \nEarly life and career.\nAlison Moyet was born in Billericay, Essex, England. Her father was French; her mother was English. She grew up in Basildon, where she attended school. She left school at 16 and trained as a piano tuner. She was involved in a number of punk rock, pub rock and blues bands in the South East Essex area during the late 1970s and early 1980s, including the Vandals, the Screamin' Ab Dabs, the Vicars and the Little Roosters.\nYazoo.\nMoyet's pop career began in 1981 when she formed the electropop group Yazoo with former Depeche Mode member Vince Clarke. Yazoo had several hits, including \"Only You\", \"Don't Go\", \"Situation\" and \"Nobody's Diary\", and recorded two albums, \"Upstairs at Eric's\" and \"You and Me Both\". \nIn 1983 Moyet and Clarke decided to end Yazoo. Clarke formed The Assembly and later Erasure; Moyet started a solo career. Moyet reunited with Clarke as Yazoo for a live tour during 2008."}
+{"id": "97788", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97788", "title": "Durham County, North Carolina", "text": "Durham County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its county seat is Durham.\nHistory.\nThe county was made on April 17, 1881, from parts of Orange County and Wake County. In 1911 parts of Cedar Fork Township in Wake County were transferred to Durham County and became Carr Township.\nGovernment.\nDurham County is part of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments.\nCities and Towns.\nThe only incorporated city in Durham County is the City of Durham. But, parts of the Town of Chapel Hill in Orange County are also in Durham County."}
+{"id": "97789", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97789", "title": "Alison moyet", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97798", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97798", "title": "Nash County, North Carolina", "text": "Nash County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2020, 94,970 people lived there. Its county seat is Nashville.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1777 from Edgecombe County. It was named for Brigadier General Francis Nash, who had been wounded that year at the Battle of Germantown.\nIn 1855 parts of Nash County, Edgecombe County, Johnston County, and Wayne County were combined to make Wilson County.\nGovernment.\nNash County is part of the regional Upper Coastal Plain Council of Governments.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Nash County:\nCities and towns.\nThese are the cities and towns in Nash County:"}
+{"id": "97800", "revid": "9537572", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97800", "title": "Granville County, North Carolina", "text": "Granville County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2020, 60,992 people lived there. Its county seat is Oxford.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1746 from Edgecombe County.\nIn 1752 parts of Granville County, Bladen County, and Johnston County were combined to form Orange County. In 1764 the eastern part of Granville County became Bute County. And in 1881 parts of Granville County, Franklin County, and Warren County were combined to form Vance County.\nGovernment.\nGranville County is part of the Kerr-Tar Regional Council of Governments.\nBordoring Counties.\nThe counties border, or connect to, Granville County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Granville County:"}
+{"id": "97803", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97803", "title": "Franklin County, North Carolina", "text": "Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2020, 68,573 people lived there. Its county seat is Louisburg.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1779 from the southern half of Bute County. It was named for Benjamin Franklin.\nIn 1881, parts of Franklin County, Granville County, and Warren County were combined to form Vance County.\nLaw and government.\nFranklin County is a member of the Kerr-Tar Regional Council of Governments.\nEducation.\nThe Methodist Louisburg College and a campus of Vance-Granville Community College are in Franklin County.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Franklin County:\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Franklin County:"}
+{"id": "97805", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97805", "title": "Shoulder rest", "text": "A shoulder rest is something which is used by people who play the violin or the viola. It may be made of wood, aluminium, carbon fiber or plastic. It appeared around the middle part of the 20th century. Usually, the shoulder rest attaches to the edge of the violin with \"feet\" padded with rubber tubing or made of soft plastic.\nThe purpose of a shoulder rest is to help the player to be comfortable holding the violin, which is held between the chin and the shoulder. It is a relatively recent invention, and though it is quite commonly used among modern violinists and violists, it is not universally used. Depending on body type and style of clothes, some musicians prefer no more than a thin sponge, a cloth or sometimes nothing at all under the instrument. It is important that the player can shift his left hand easily and freely to play in the higher positions without being afraid that he will drop the instrument, and without feeling the need to squeeze the instrument between his chin and shoulder as this will make the muscles in his neck very tight.\nThe shoulder rest must not be confused with the chinrest, which is the bit on which the player rests his chin."}
+{"id": "97806", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97806", "title": "Johnston County, North Carolina", "text": "Johnston County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 215,999 people lived there. Its county seat is Smithfield.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1746 from Craven County. It was named for Gabriel Johnston, who used to be the governor of North Carolina.\nIn 1752 parts of Johnston County, Bladen County, and Granville County were combined to form Orange County. In 1758 the eastern part of Johnston County became Dobbs County. In 1770 parts of Johnston County, Cumberland County, and Orange County were combined to form Wake County. And in 1855 parts of Johnston County, Edgecombe County, Nash County, and Wayne County were combined to form Wilson County.\nGovernment.\nJohnston County is a member of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Johnston County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Johnston County:"}
+{"id": "97808", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97808", "title": "Anthrax (band)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97809", "revid": "1609553", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97809", "title": "Felinae", "text": "The Felinae is a subfamily of the Felidae family. It includes small cats and a few medium-large cats, especially the cougar (\"Puma concolor\") and the cheetah (\"Acinonyx jubatus\").\nGenetic classification.\nThere is now a precise classification for the living members of the subfamily based on genetic research. These genetic lineages have been identified:"}
+{"id": "97810", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97810", "title": "Pantherinae", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97814", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97814", "title": "The Quibbler", "text": "The Quibbler is a fictional magazine of the Harry Potter world. \n\"The Quibbler\" is written by Xenophilius Lovegood, father of Luna Lovegood. The magazine is meant to cause shock, and contains the strange opinions of Xenophilius. Luna believes in everything her father says and during the \"Order of the Phoenix\" she had lots of arguments with Hermione Granger about it.\n\"The Quibbler\" often has articles about creatures that other characters believe to not exist. Because of Hermione, in \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", it published an interview between Rita Skeeter and Harry Potter. In this interview, Harry said that he had seen Lord Voldemort.\nFor most of \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", \"The Quibbler\" writes positive views on Harry, and tells people to support him. However, after Luna is taken by the \"Death Eaters\" (supporters of Voldemort), Xenophilius turns against Harry and begins posting wanted signs for him in \"The Quibbler\". When Harry visits him for information on the \"Deathly Hallows\", Xenophilius turns him in to the Death Eaters. Harry narrowly escapes."}
+{"id": "97817", "revid": "9249", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97817", "title": "MC Hammer", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97830", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97830", "title": "Camera obscura", "text": "A camera obscura (plural \"camerae obscurae\" or \"camera obscuras\", from Latin , \"dark chamber\") is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole. Camera obscura is Latin for \"dark chamber.\"\nAt its most basic, the camera obscura is a simple box (which may be room-sized) with a small hole in one side, (see pinhole camera for details on how to build one). Light from only one part of a scene will pass through the hole and strike a specific part of the back wall. (The projection can be made on paper on which an artist can copy the image.) As the pinhole is made smaller, the image gets sharper, but the light-sensitivity decreases. With this simple apparatus, the image is always upside-down. By using mirrors, as in the 18th century overhead version, it is also possible to project a \"right-side-up\" image.\nDiscovery and origins.\nThe first mention and discovery of the principles behind the pinhole camera, a precursor to the camera obscura, belong to Mozi (470\u00a0BC to 390\u00a0BC), a Chinese philosopher and founder of Mohism. Later, Aristotle (384 to 322\u00a0BC) understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera. He viewed the crescent shape of a partially eclipsed sun projected on the ground through the holes in a sieve, and the gaps between leaves of a plane tree.\nThe first camera obscura was later built by an Iraqi scientist named Abu Ali Al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham, born in Basra (965-1039\u00a0AD), known in the West as \"Alhacen\" or \"Alhazen\", who carried out practical experiments on optics in his \"Book of Optics\".\nIn his various experiments, Ibn Al-Haitham used the term \u201c\"al-Bayt al-Mu\u1e93lim\"\u201d(), translated in English as dark room. In the experiment he undertook, in order to establish that light travels in time and with speed, he says: \u201cIf \"the hole was covered with a curtain and the curtain was taken off, the light traveling from the hole to the opposite wall will consume time.\u201d\" He reiterated the same experience when he established that light travels in straight lines. The most revealing experiment which indeed introduced the camera obscura was in his studies of the half-moon shape of the sun\u2019s image during eclipses which he observed on the wall opposite a small hole made in the window shutters. In his famous essay \"On the form of the Eclipse\" (\"Maq\u0101lah f\u012b Sura al-Kos\u016bf\") () he commented on his observation \"The \"image of the sun at the time of the eclipse, unless it is total, demonstrates that when its light passes through a narrow, round hole and is cast on a plane opposite to the hole it takes on the form of a moon-sickle\"\u201d.\nIn his experiment of the sun light he extended his observation of the penetration of light through the pinhole to conclude that when the sun light reaches and penetrates the hole it makes a conic shape at the points meeting at the pinhole, forming later another conic shape reverse to the first one on the opposite wall in the dark room. This happens when sun light diverges from point \u201c\ufe8d\u201d until it reaches an aperture \u201c\ufe8f\ufea4\u201d and is projected through it onto a screen at the luminous spot \u201c\ufea9\ufeeb\u201d. Since the distance between the aperture and the screen is insignificant in comparison to the distance between the aperture and the sun, the divergence of sunlight after going through the aperture should be insignificant. In other words, \u201c\ufe8f\ufea4\u201d should be about equal to \u201c\ufea9\ufeeb\u201d. However, it is observed to be much greater \u201c\ufed9\ufec1\u201d when the paths of the rays which form the extremities of \u201c\ufed9\ufec1\u201d are retraced in the reverse direction, it is found that they meet at a point outside the aperture and then diverge again toward the sun as illustrated in figure 1. This was indeed the first accurate description of the Camera Obscura phenomenon.\nIn camera terms, the light converges into the room through the hole transmitting with it the object(s) facing it. The object will appear in full colour but upside down on the projecting screen/wall opposite the hole inside the dark room. The explanation is that light travels in a straight line and when some of the rays reflected from a bright subject pass through the small hole in thin material they do not scatter but cross and reform as an upside down image on a flat white surface held parallel to the hole. Ib Al-Haitham established that the smaller the hole is, the clearer the picture is.\nAlthough both the pinhole camera and camera obscura is credited to Ibn al-Haytham, the camera obscura was first described by Aristotle, who was the first to describe how an image is formed on the eye, using the camera obscura as an analogy. Alhazen states (in the Latin translation), and with respect to the camera obscura, \"Et nos non inventimus ita\", we did not invent this.\nTourist attractions.\nSome camera obscura have been built as tourist attractions, often taking the form of a large chamber within a high building that can be darkened so that a 'live' panorama of the world outside is projected onto a horizontal surface through a rotating lens. Although few now survive, examples can be found at the following locations:\nThere is also a portable example which Willett & Patteson tour around England and the world."}
+{"id": "97832", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97832", "title": "Camera obscura (disambiguation)", "text": "Camera obscura means \"darkened chamber\" to describe early devices for projecting an image on a screen, by use of a lens or a pinhole.\nCamera obscura can also mean"}
+{"id": "97834", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97834", "title": "Pinhole camera", "text": "A pinhole camera is a camera without a conventional glass lens. An extremely small hole in a thin material can create an image when all light rays from a scene go through a single point. In order to produce a reasonably clear image, the aperture has to be about 1/100th the distance to the screen, or less. The shutter of a pinhole camera usually consists of a hand operated flap of some light-proof material to cover and uncover the pinhole. \nA common use of a pinhole camera is to capture the movement of sunlight over a long period of time. This type of photography is called Solargraphy. \nPinhole cameras require much longer exposure times than conventional cameras because of the small aperture; typical exposure times can range from 5\u00a0seconds to hours or days. \nThe image may be projected on a translucent screen for real-time viewing (popular for viewing solar eclipses; see also camera obscura).\nLike other cameras, pinhole cameras make the picture upside-down.\nInvention of pinhole camera.\nVery early in history (as far back as 500 B.C.), Greeks such as Aristotle and Euclid wrote on naturally-occurring rudimentary pinhole cameras, for example light may travel through the slits of wicker baskets and the crossing of leaves The ancient Greeks, however, believed that our eye emitted rays which enabled us to see. What enabled a much better understanding of the pinhole camera was the discovery that light enters the eye rather than leaving it. It was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haytham who published this idea."}
+{"id": "97835", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97835", "title": "Shutter", "text": "Shutter could mean:\nWindows:\nOptical:\nAcoustic:\nMovies:\nOther"}
+{"id": "97836", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97836", "title": "Shutter (photography)", "text": "In photography, a shutter is the part of a camera that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in during taking a picture.\nA shutter can also be used to allow pulses of light to pass outwards, as in a movie projector or signal lamp.\nCamera shutters.\nCamera shutters can be fitted in two positions:\nShutters immediately behind the lens were used in some cameras with limited lens interchangeability. Shutters in front of the lens were used in the early days of photography."}
+{"id": "97838", "revid": "1458798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97838", "title": "Movie projector", "text": "A movie projector is a machine that shows moving pictures by projecting them on a projection screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sound devices, are present in movie cameras. Many movie projectors use film and are called \"film projectors\". They are similar to slide projectors but with additional parts to keep the film moving at the correct speed."}
+{"id": "97855", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97855", "title": "List of craters on Puck", "text": "The following lists all of the craters on Puck. Puck is a moon of Uranus. Craters on Puck are named after spirits from European mythology."}
+{"id": "97856", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97856", "title": "List of craters on Umbriel", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97858", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97858", "title": "Indigofera", "text": "Indigofera is a big genus of about 700 species of flowering plants. They mostly grow in tropical areas of the world. They were used to make Indigo dye."}
+{"id": "97884", "revid": "9907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97884", "title": "Indigo plant", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97885", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97885", "title": "Claudette Colbert", "text": "\u00c9milie Chauchoin (; September 13, 1903July 30, 1996), professionally known as Claudette Colbert ( , ) was an American actress.\nColbert was famous for her comedy and drama. She became one of the biggest box-office stars of her time. In 1999, she was ranked as the 12th greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute in their list AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars. Colbert once said to an interviewer, \"Audiences always sound like they're glad to see me, and I'm damned glad to see them.\"\nEarly life.\nClaudette Colbert was born Emilie Chauchoin on September 13, 1903 in Saint-Mand\u00e9, France. Her parents were Georges Chauchoin and his wife, the former Jeanne Loew. Her family emigrated to the United States and settled in New York City. She had one brother, Charles, who used the surname Wendling and went on to become his sister's agent. After her formal education ended, she enrolled in the , where she paid for her dramatic training by working in a dress shop. She made her Broadway debut in 1923 in the stage production of \"The Wild Wescotts\". It was during this event that she adopted the name Claudette Colbert. One of the brightest film stars to grace the screen was born Emilie Claudette Chauchoin on September 13, 1903, in Saint Mand\u00e9, France where her father owned a bakery at 57, rue de la R\u00e9publique (now Avenue G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Gaulle). The family moved to the United States when she was three years old. She began acting in high school. \nCareer.\nIn 1923, she was on Broadway for a small part. She loved the role and gave up on her plans to be a fashion designer to instead have a career in acting. \nShe made her first movie appearance in 1927, in \"For the Love of Mike\". This was a silent movie. It was shot in Paramount Studios in New York, New York facilities. However, sound movies (also called \"talkies\") were becoming popular. 2 years later, Colbert was in her first talking movie, \"The Hole in the Wall\" This movie co-starred another newer actor, Edward G. Robinson.\nIn 1930 Colbert signed a contract with Paramount Pictures. At the time, they were looking for stage actors who could do dialog in the new \"talkies\". Colbert had a very elegant and musical voice. Therefore, she was very important to companies like Paramount. Some of her early hit movies were \"Manslaughter\" (1930) and \"Honor Among Lovers\" (1931), both with Fredric March, \"The Smiling Lieutenant\" (1931), with Maurice Chevalier and Miriam Hopkins, and \"Torch Singer\" (1933), with Ricardo Cortez and David Manners.\nColbert's career got a huge boost when Cecil B. DeMille cast her as the Roman empress Poppaea in his historical epic \"The Sign of the Cross\" (1932), opposite Fredric March and Charles Laughton (as Nero). In one of the most memorable scenes in movie history, Claudette bathes nude in a marble pool filled with asses' milk.\nShe worked again for DeMille and was dazzling as his \"Cleopatra\" (1934), opposite Warren William and Henry Wilcoxon. In 1934 she won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her role opposite Clark Gable in the Frank Capra classic screwball comedy \"It Happened One Night\", a movie she initially described as the \"worst picture in the world\". Her performance, however, proved to Hollywood that she was an expert comedienne. She initially balked at pulling up her skirt to entice a passing car to give her and Gable a ride in one famous scene, complaining that it was unladylike. However, upon seeing the chorus girl who was brought in as her body double, an outraged Colbert told the director, \"Get her out of here. I'll do it. That's not my leg!\" Colbert then starred in the original \"Imitation of Life\" (1934), opposite Warren William and Louise Beavers.\nClaudette spent the rest of the 1930s deftly alternating between romantic comedies and dramas, and found success in both: \"Private Worlds\" (1935), with Charles Boyer; \"She Married Her Boss\" (1935), with Melvyn Douglas; \"The Gilded Lily\" (1935) and \"The Bride Comes Home\" (1935), both with Fred MacMurray; \"Under Two Flags\" (1936), with Ronald Colman; \"Tovarich\" (1937), again with Boyer; \"Bluebeard's Eighth Wife\" (1938), with Gary Cooper; \"Zaza\" (1939), with Herbert Marshall; \"Midnight\" (1939), with Don Ameche; \"It's a Wonderful World\" (1939), with James Stewart; and \"Drums Along the Mohawk\" (1939), with Henry Fonda.\nIn addition to Capra and DeMille, Colbert was working with the top directors in the industry: Dorothy Arzner, Ernst Lubitsch, Preston Sturges, Frank Lloyd, John M. Stahl, Wesley Ruggles, Gregory La Cava, Anatole Litvak, George Cukor, Mitchell Leisen, and John Ford.\nColbert believed that her face was difficult to light and photograph, and was obsessed with not showing her \"bad\" side, the right, to the camera, because of a small bump that resulted from a childhood broken nose.\nFrom 1936 to 1944, she starred in numerous programs of Cecil B. DeMille's \"Lux Radio Theater\", which was one of the most popular dramatic radio shows at the time. In 1952, she returned to work in her native France where she stayed until 1955.\nApart from making two more Hollywood movies, she went back to Broadway in 1958 doing \"The Marriage Go-Round\" with Charles Boyer, earning a 1959 Tony Award nomination for her work. Also for her Chicago theatre work, in 1980 she won the Sarah Siddons Award. In 1984 she appeared with Rex Harrison in Frederick Lonsdale's \"Aren't We All\" at the Haymarket Theatre, London, and also the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on Broadway, presented by Douglas Urbanski. Ms. Colbert's last movie was \"Parrish\" in 1961. She acted in numerous Broadway plays for the next twenty years. Her final appearance before the cameras was in 1987. She did a television mini-series titled \"The Two Mrs. Grenvilles\". She was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Mini-series or a Special. In 1988, she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture made for TV. In 1989 she received the Kennedy Center Honors.\nDuring her career, Claudette Colbert played in sixty-five movies. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, she was honoured with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\nShe did, however, remain on the stage where she had returned in 1956, her first love. After a series of strokes, Claudette divided her time between New York and Barbados. On July 30, 1996, Claudette Colbert died in Speightstown, Barbados. She was 92 years old.\nPersonal life and Death.\nColbert married twice. Her first husband was Norman Foster, an actor and later a director, whom she married in 1928 and divorced in Mexico in 1935. According to the account of the divorce in the \"New York Times\", published on August 31, 1935, \"Some secrecy surrounded the proceedings, for while Mr. Feldman [Colbert's agent] apparently was at liberty to tell of the divorce being granted, he said he could not tell where in Mexico it was obtained.\" The report further stated that \"The Fosters created something of a sensation when they disclosed that they were trying to remain happily married while living in separate homes. But even this experiment apparently failed.\" Four months after her divorce, on December 24, 1935, Colbert married Dr. Joel J. Pressman, a throat specialist, who died in 1968; her former husband went on to marry the actress Sally Blane, a sister of Loretta Young.\nWhen she retired from motion pictures, Colbert and her husband moved to Palm Springs where she operated a store for a time before moving to Barbados. The idea of moving to Barbados came to her following a visit to No\u00ebl Coward's house in Jamaica. At her home there, called Bellerive, she spent her later years as a hostess to the world's powerful and famous. Ronald Reagan was one of her guests during his presidency, as were , Kirk Douglas, Jack Benny, Rex Harrison, and Slim Keith. She had a small guest house built on the property for the honeymoon of Frank Sinatra and Mia Farrow.\nColbert died at her home in Barbados, following series of small strokes during the last two years of her life at the age of 92, and she was interred there in the Parish of St. Peter Cemetery along with her mother and husband. A requiem mass was held at St. Vincent Ferrer church in New York City later.\nAccording to an article published in August 10, 1996 issue of the \"Cincinnati Post\", the childless Colbert left most of her estate, estimated at $3.5 million and including her Manhattan apartment and her home in Barbados, to a friend, Helen O'Hagan, a retired director of corporate relations at Saks Fifth Avenue, whom Colbert had met in 1961 on the set of \"Parrish\", the actress's last movie. Bellerive was later bought by David Geffen.\nAfter Colbert's death, rumors about the actress's purported lesbian relationships, including supposed affairs with Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo, began to circulate in the international media. In response, Colbert's friend Helen O'Hagan told the \"New York Daily News\" that the actress barely knew Dietrich or Garbo and that Colbert was \"a man's lady\". The purported Colbert-Dietrich relationship also was explored in the 2001 book \"Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood, 1910-1969\" by William J. Mann, a movie historian."}
+{"id": "97891", "revid": "10092736", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97891", "title": "Yekaterinburg", "text": "Yekaterinburg (formerly named Sverdlovsk) is a big city in the Ural mountains in the Asian part of Russia. It is the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. It has a population of 1,483,119 people. The city was started in 1723 by Vasily Tatischev and named after empress Catherine I who was the Peter the Great\u2019s wife.\nTwin cities.\nYekaterinburg is a sister city of"}
+{"id": "97893", "revid": "9303253", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97893", "title": "Collingwood, Victoria", "text": "Collingwood is a suburb in Melbourne, Australia. It was named after Baron Cuthbert Collingwood (1748 - 1810), an admiral of the Royal Navy.\nSport.\nThe Collingwood Football Club was originally based in Collingwood, but has since moved to the Lexus Centre."}
+{"id": "97916", "revid": "10467745", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97916", "title": "George M. Dallas", "text": "George Mifflin Dallas (July 10, 1792 \u2013 December 31, 1864) was an American politician and diplomat. He was the 11th vice president of the United States from 1845 to 1849, under James K. Polk. Before becoming vice president, he was a senator from Pennsylvania and the mayor of Philadelphia.\nDallas was born in Philadelphia and graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1810.\nEarly life.\nDallas was born in Philadelphia on July 10, 1792. His parents were Alexander James Dallas and Arabella Maria Smith Dallas. His father was the Secretary of the Treasury under President James Madison and was also briefly the Secretary of War. George Dallas was given his middle name after Thomas Mifflin, another politician who was good friends with his father.\nDallas was the second of six children. One of his brothers, Alexander, would become the commander of Pensacola Navy Yard.\nDallas was taught privately at Quaker-run preparatory schools before he studied at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He graduated with highest honors in 1810. In college, he did several activities, including the American Whig\u2013Cliosophic Society. He studied law in his father's office and he was admitted to the bar in 1813.\nPre-political career.\nAs a new graduate, Dallas did not want to become a lawyer but wanted to fight in the War of 1812. He gave up on that plan after his father rejected it. Soon, Dallas became the private secretary of Albert Gallatin and went to Russia with Gallatin, who was sent there to try to get it to help with peace negotiations between the United Kingdom and the United States. Dallas liked his opportunities in Russia, but after six months there, he was told to go to London to find out whether the War of 1812 could be ended by negotiations (talking).\nIn August 1814, Dallas arrived in Washington, D.C., and delivered a draft of the British peace terms. There, President Madison made him the remitter of the treasury. Since the job did not have a large workload, Dallas found time to work on understanding politics. He later became the counsel to the Second Bank of the United States. In 1817, Dallas's father died, which ended Dallas's plan for a family law practice.\nHe then stopped working for the Second Bank of the United States and became the deputy attorney general of Philadelphia until 1820.\nPolitical career.\nAfter the War of 1812, Pennsylvania had a political climate. Two factions in the state's Democratic Party were struggling for control. Dallas led the Philadelphia-based \"Family Party,\" which wanted a strong federal government The other faction was called the \"Amalgamators;\" it wanted a weak federal government and was led by future President James Buchanan.\nVoters elected Dallas mayor of Philadelphia as the candidate of the Family Party, which gained control of the city council. However, he quickly got bored of being the mayor. He became the United States Attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania in 1829 and continued in that role until 1831. In December 1831, he won an election in the Pennsylvania General Assembly, which enabled him to become the senator from Pennsylvania and complete the unexpired term of the previous senator, who had resigned.\nDallas served from 13 December 1831 to 3 March 1833. He was the chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Dallas did not try to get re-elected because of a fight over the Second Bank of the United States and his wife's not waning want to leave Philadelphia to move to Washington, D.C.\nDallas went back to his law career and was attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835. He was initiated to the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry at the Franklin Lodge #134, Pennsylvania, and served as the Grand Master of Freemasons in Pennsylvania in 1835.\nDallas was offered the role of Attorney General but did not accept it, and he went back to being a lawyer. In the lead-up to the 1844 presidential election, Dallas helped Martin Van Buren get the Democratic nomination instead of Dallas's fellow Pennsylvanian, James Buchanan.\nVice presidency.\nAt the 1844 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, James K. Polk and Silas Wright were nominated. However, Wright did not want to be vice president, and Dallas was picked as his replacement. Dallas was not at the convention. He was woken up at his home by people from the convention who went to Philadelphia to tell him the news. He accepted the nomination, and the Democrats won the election with an electoral vote of 170 out of 275.\nDallas decided to use his position to lower tariffs (taxes on imports) and expand the country. Dallas had supported the high tariffs that his state's coal and iron companies wanted. Howeverm as vice president, he agreed to do anything necessary to realize that goal. Dallas thought that the vice president's power to break tied votes in the Senate was similar to the president's power to veto acts of Congress. At the end of his term, Dallas said that he had cast 30 tie-breaking votes during his four years in office. Dallas talked about that achievement in his farewell address to the Senate. However, Dallas wanted to avoid having to break a tied vote on the tariff issue and lobbied senators during the debate over Treasury Secretary Robert J. Walker's tariff reduction bill in the summer of 1846.\nDespite Dallas's efforts to avoid taking a stand, the Senate completed its voting on the Walker bill with a 27-27 tie. (A 28th vote in favor was held in reserve by a senator, who opposed the measure but agreed to follow the instructions of his state legislature to support it.) When he broke the tie to cut the tariff on July 28, 1846, Dallas said that he had studied the Senate support and concluded that all regions of the country had people who liked the bill. Additionally, the measure had overwhelmingly passed the House of Representatives. While the vote earned Dallas the respect of the president and certain party leaders from the South and the West, which supported low tariffs, it destroyed political base in his home state.\nWhile Dallas's tariff vote destroyed him in Pennsylvania, his aggressive views on the Oregon Territory and the Mexican-American War ruined his campaign efforts elsewhere in the nation. He shifted his attention to the aggressive, expansionist foreign policy program embodied in the concept of manifest Destiny to get more votes. He actively supported efforts to gain control of Texas, the Southwest, Cuba, and the disputed portions of the Oregon Territory.\nDallas was important in the Senate, where he worked to support Polk and cast several tie-breaking votes. Dallas called for the annexation of all of the Oregon Territory and all of Mexico during the Mexican\u2013American War, but he accepted compromises that gave the United States parts of both areas. Dallas could not stop Polk from appointing Buchanan as Secretary of State but helped convince Polk to appoint Walker as Secretary of the Treasury. As vice president, Dallas tried to make himself a potential candidate for president in the 1848 presidential election. However, his tie-breaking vote to lower the tariff destroyed much of his base in Pennsylvania, and his advocacy of popular sovereignty for slavery made more opposition against him.\nLater life.\nIn 1856, President Franklin Pierce appointed Dallas minister to the United Kingdom, and Dallas served until Prssident Abraham Lincoln appointed Charles F. Adams. When he started his service in England, he was called to work on the Central American question and the request by the United States to recall Sir John Crampton, the British minister to the United States.\nAt the end of Dallas's diplomatic career, he returned to private life. He stopped getting involved in public affairs except to condemn the Confederacy.\nDallas returned to Philadelphia, where he lived until his death from a heart attack on Saturday, December 31, 1864. He was 72 when he died."}
+{"id": "97917", "revid": "10467008", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97917", "title": "William R. King", "text": "William Rufus DeVane King (April 7, 1786 \u2013 April 18, 1853) was a U.S. representative from North Carolina, a U.S. senator from Alabama, and the 13th vice president of the United States. Ecept for John Tyler and Andrew Johnson, both of whom ascended to the presidency, he was the shortest-serving person to occupy that office (45 days) since he died shortly after his term started (see List of vice presidents of the United States by time in office)."}
+{"id": "97918", "revid": "764929", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97918", "title": "Wake county", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97919", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97919", "title": "Harnett County, North Carolina", "text": "Harnett County is a county in the state of North Carolina, United States. In 2020, 133,568 people lived there. Its county seat is Lillington.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1855 from Cumberland County. It was named for Cornelius Harnett.\nGovernment.\nHarnett County is a member of the Mid-Carolina Council of Governments.\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Harnett County:"}
+{"id": "97926", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97926", "title": "North Carolina counties", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97927", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97927", "title": "Chatham County, North Carolina", "text": "Chatham County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 76,285 people lived there. Its county seat is Pittsboro.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1771 from Orange County.\nIn 1907 parts of Chatham County and Moore County were combined to form Lee County.\nGovernment.\nChatham County is part of the regional Triangle J Council of Governments.\nSchools.\nChatham County has its own public school system for grades kindergarten to 12. Central Carolina Community College also has two campuses in the county.\nCoal Mines.\nChatham County has the only coal mines in North Carolina. Coal mining used to be very important to the county, but in the 1920s a bad accident in one of the mines killed many workers. By the 1940s all the mines had closed. Some people have tried to open the mines back up, but the mines are too dangerous. Right now none of the mines are open.\nNew Houses.\nMany builders are building new houses in Chatham County right now. Some people in the county do not like this because they do not want Chatham County to have a lot of people. A lot of people want to live in Chatham County because they do not have to pay as much tax as people in other North Carolina counties do. But other people think it is good that a lot of people want to live in the county because then the county will make more money from taxes.\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Chatham County:\nRoads.\nThese are the most important roads in Chatham County:"}
+{"id": "97930", "revid": "1685581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97930", "title": "Carteret County, North Carolina", "text": "Carteret County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 67,686 people lived there. Its county seat is Beaufort. Most of the county is part of the Crystal Coast.\nGovernment.\nCarteret County is part of the Eastern Carolina Council of Governments.\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Carteret County:\nSchools.\nThe county has its own public school system called Carteret County Schools."}
+{"id": "97932", "revid": "1618275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97932", "title": "Doctor (Doctor Who)", "text": "The Doctor is the central character in the long-running BBC science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". \nThey are an alien, a \"Time Lord\" from the planet Gallifrey. The Doctor travels in their space-time-ship, the TARDIS, (Time And Relative Dimensions In Space) with which they can go anywhere in time and space. Because the TARDIS's \"chameleon circuit\" is broken, it looks like an old British police-call box permanently. The Doctor often takes other people with them, who are usually called \"companions\" or \"assistants\". The companions are always 21st century humans in the modern series, however the classic series often had human-looking aliens or people from the past or future. The most recent companion is Ruby Sunday.\nBiography.\nThe Doctor did not want to stay on Gallifrey any longer, so he \"borrowed\" an old Type 40 TARDIS. In the TARDIS he and his granddaughter Susan Foreman left their home planet Gallifrey. They stayed for a time on Earth in the 1960s, where Susan also went to school. Her teachers, Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton, discovered the TARDIS. They traveled for a while with the Doctor, and returned to Earth two years later. After them the Doctor often took other people with him on his travels.\nAnatomy and regeneration.\nAs a Gallifreyan the Doctor looks like a human on the surface, but there are differences. One well-known difference is that The doctor has two hearts. As a Time Lord the Doctor can also \"regenerate\", if doctor whos body is badly hurt and the doctor dies. During the \"regeneration\", the body is healed and renewed, which includes a different appearance and personality. The regenerated person is the same person, with the same memories and basic personality traits; but the person also looks different and a changed personality. Because of this the Doctor could be played by different actors. This made it possible for the series to be filmed over a time of nearly fifty years without having to actually \"change\" the character.\nIncarnations and actors of the Doctor.\nUp until now, the Doctor has regenerated Fifteen times, Regeneration can be controlled, but is usually decided without the doctor knowing his or her next face.\nThe Doctor has been played by other actors in other media, in theatre plays, parodies, etc. But these are not officially part of the \"Doctor Who\" storyline. Notable among them are:"}
+{"id": "97936", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97936", "title": "Roger Penrose", "text": "Sir Roger Penrose Kt OM FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist. He is Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford and emeritus fellow of Wadham College.\nPenrose won the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly, in 2020. Previously he had won the 1988 Wolf Prize in Physics, which he shared with Stephen Hawking for the Penrose\u2013Hawking singularity theorems. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2019.\nWorks.\nHe is renowned for his work in astrophysics with Stephen Hawking, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher.\nRoger Penrose is the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and chess grandmaster Jonathan Penrose. His sister, now Shirley Hodgson, is a notable geneticist. He was born in Colchester, Essex, England. He was awarded the Copley Medal in 2008. \nIn 2020, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Reinhard Genzel and Andrea M. Ghez."}
+{"id": "97945", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97945", "title": "Arthur (TV series)", "text": "Arthur is an American animated television series developed by Kathy Waugh and Marc Brown and produced by WGBH Boston for PBS. Based on Brown's \"Arthur\" book series, it is set in the fictional American city of Elwood City and resolves around the lives of Arthur Read, an anthropomorphic aardvark, his friends and family, and their daily interactions with each other.\nThe series concluded during its 25-season run, the series broadcast 253 half-hour episodes (including specials and a film \"Arthur's Missing Pal\") ran from October 7, 1996 to February 21, 2022 on PBS Kids (formerly PBS Kids Go!) in the US and January 6, 1997 to May 19, 2022 on TVOKids in Canada.\nIt was the fifth longest-running animated series in the United States, behind \"The Simpsons\", \"South Park\", \"Family Guy\", and \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".\nCharacters.\nArthur Timothy Read is the main character and protagonist of the series, who focuses the immediate family with most episodes involving Arthur, his youngest sister Dora Winifred and Kate, their parents David and Jane, and their dog Pal. His closest friends include Alan \"The Brain\" Powers, Binky Barnes, Buster Baxter, Francine Frensky, Mary Alice Crosswire, and Sue Ellen Armstrong, along with others as Fern Walters, George Lundgren, Jenna Morgan, and Prunella Deegan as frequent supporting characters.\nThe adults in \"Arthur\" play important roles: Mr. and Mrs. Read display a significant amount of stress from parenting, Arthur's friends' parents are shown struggling in middle-class jobs, and Mr. Ratburn's endures and expectations of teaching elementary school. Even in difficult, adult situations, these grownups maintain a cheerful attitude. Arthur, Dora Winifred, and Kate also visit their paternal grandmother, Thora Read, and maternal grandfather, Grandpa Dave.\nBroadcast.\n\"Arthur\" became one of the highest-rated shows on PBS Kids for several years since its debut, averaging almost 10 million viewers weekly in the U.S. It is aired in a total of 83 countries, including on: PBS in the United States; Radio-Canada, Knowledge Network, TVOntario, TFO, and CBC in Canada; several ABC channels in Australia; and BBC One/CBBC/CBeebies in the UK and PBS Kids in South Africa. It also aired in Ireland on TnaG (now TG4) in an Irish dubbed version."}
+{"id": "97946", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97946", "title": "Langur", "text": "The Gray langur or Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus) is a genus of colobine monkey. They are found in southeast Asia. The word \"langur\" means 'having a long tail'. It is commonly called the leaf monkey. They usually live in small groups of between 2 and 10 individuals. They mainly eat leaves, as well as some fruit. Langur spend most of their time in trees. They have white fur and black faces. They are considered sacred animals therefore the \"National social mammal of India\"."}
+{"id": "97951", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97951", "title": "WWE Raw", "text": "WWE Raw, also known as Monday Night Raw, is a professional wrestling television program made by WWE. It is broadcast every Monday since January 11, 1993. Currently it is the only television broadcast for the Raw brand. \"Raw\" is usually seen as WWE's flagship program over its sister programs, \"WWE SmackDown\", \"WWE NXT\" and \"WWE Main Event\", because of its longer history and the way it is promoted.\nHistory.\nOriginal format.\nStarting as \"WWF Monday Night Raw\", the program first started on January 11, 1993 on the USA Network for one hour. The original \"Raw\" broke new ground in televised professional wrestling. Traditionally, wrestling shows were taped on sound stages with small viewers or at big arena shows. The \"Raw\" formula was very different than that of its predecessor, \"Prime Time Wrestling\". Instead of taped matches, with studio voice overs and taped chat, \"Raw\" was a show shot to a live viewers, with angles as they happened. The first episode had Yokozuna winning against Koko B. Ware,winning against The Executioners, WWF Intercontinental Champion Shawn Michaels winning against Max Moon and The Undertaker winning against Damien Demento. The show also featured an interview with Razor Ramon.\n\"Raw\" came from the Grand Ballroom at Manhattan Center Studios, a small New York City theater and played live each week. The combination of an intimate venue and live action proved highly successful. However, the weekly live schedule proved to be a financial drain on the WWF, and taped shows began airing every other week. From early 1994 to September 1999, \"Raw\" was shown live on one Monday and then the next day (Tuesday) next Monday's \"Raw\" was taped. This meant that \"Raw\" was live one week and taped the next.\nThe storylines and characters during the early years of \"Raw\" still had a healthy dose of the old Federation \"gimmick-heavy\" style. For example, there were moments such as Irwin R. Schyster tearing up Tatanka's headdress, the different \"Undertaker sightings\" (during the Undertaker vs. Undertaker storyline, leading up to SummerSlam 1994); and characters like Duke \"The Dumpster\" Droese, Doink the Clown, or Thurman \"Sparky\" Plugg.\n\"Raw\" was also one of a kind, in which they covered the unexpected, exciting moments, a prelude to the \"Attitude Era\", in which it coined \"Raw\" as \"Uncut, Uncensored, Uncooked.\" Some of those moments are Razor Ramon losing a match unexpectedly to Sean \"The 1-2-3 Kid\" Waltman, who was later known as X-Pac, Marty Jannetty beating Shawn Michaels to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship, and \"Raw\" was the first WWF television program of any kind to show footage of Lex Luger bodyslamming Yokozuna at the \"USS Intrepid\".\nThe first hosts of \"Raw\" were Vince McMahon, Rob Bartlett and \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. Sean Mooney conducted the interviews and Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan also helped contribute. In March 1993, Rob Bartlett was dropped from the broadcasting team and was replaced by Bobby Heenan. Then on December 6, 1993, Gorilla Monsoon kicked Bobby Heenan out of the WWF forever. In reality, this was a storyline between Monsoon and his close friend Heenan, who decided to leave the World Wrestling Federation in order to lighten his travel schedule and because he did not want to take a 50-percent paycut. After about a year, \"Raw\" moved out of the Manhattan Center and traveled to various regular Federation venues in the United States.\nThe Monday Night Wars.\nIn 1995, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) began showing its new wrestling show, \"Monday Nitro\", live each week on TNT (American TV network) . \"Raw\" and \"Nitro\" went head-to-head for the first time on September 11, 1995. Due to \"Raw\"'s taping schedule on several occasions, WCW Vice President Eric Bischoff, who was also an on-air personality, would often give away the results of WWF's taped \"Raw\" shows on the live WCW show. Some fans also looked at \"Raw\" taping results on the steadily-growing Internet; as a result, this caused the ratings of the taped \"Raw\" episodes to be lower.\n\"WWF Raw\" had a live broadcast every other week to save costs, until September 1999, when ratings and pay-per-view buy rates had grow, allowing them to justify doing a weekly live show.\nAt the start of the ratings war in 1995 through to mid-1996, \"Raw\" and \"Nitro\" exchanged victories over each over in a closely contested rivalry. Beginning in mid-1996, however, thanks primarily to the nWo angle, \"Monday Nitro\" started a ratings win-streak that lasted for eighty-three continuous weeks, ending on April 13, 1998.\nRaw is War.\nOn February 3, 1997, \"Monday Night Raw\" went to a two hour format, as the Attitude Era was starting to come in full stream in the WWF. In an attempt to break the momentum of what had turned into ratings domination by WCW's competing \"Monday Nitro\", Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) was brought in as Jerry Lawler \"challenged\" ECW on February 17, 1997. In an episode where \"Raw\" returned to the Manhattan Center, the \"challenge\" answered on the following week's show with Taz, Mikey Whipwreck, Sabu, Tommy Dreamer, D-Von Dudley, and the Sandman. ECW owner Paul Heyman did a call-in interview on \"Raw\" the week after that.\nDuring 1997, there were more and more controversial elements in \"Raw\" and WWF programming such as the Nation of Domination, and the D-Generation X \"racial graffiti\" storyline designed to \"implicate Bret Hart's 'the Hart Foundation'\", and the \"XXX Files\" series.\nOn March 10, 1997, \"Monday Night Raw\" officially became \"Raw is War\". The March 17, 1997 episode featured a heated Bret Hart/Vince McMahon ringside altercation (that unknowingly foreshadowed events in November) with profanity normally unheard on TV. Brian Pillman did a series of \"XXX Files\" segments with Terri Runnels, which further \"pushed the envelope\". These segments ended prematurely with the September 29, 1997 episode of \"Raw\", after the death of Pillman on October 5, 1997 due to hereditary heart problems.\nAfter WrestleMania XIV in March 1998, the WWF regained the lead in the Monday Night Wars with its new \"WWF Attitude\" brand, led in particular by rising stars Steve Austin, The Rock and Mankind. The classic feud between the villainous WWF Chairman Vince McMahon (who was re-imagined and re-branded from the color commentator into the evil company chairman character Mr. McMahon after the real-life Montreal Screwjob incident) and fan favorite Steve Austin (who had been released by Bischoff in the summer of 1995 for not being marketable) caught the imaginations of fans. The April 13, 1998 episode of \"Raw\", headlined by a match between Austin and McMahon, marked the first time that WCW had lost the head-to-head Monday night ratings battle in the 84 weeks since 1996.\nWhile \"Raw\" was taking a new approach to programming, \"Nitro\" would start making lackluster shows with the same storylines. Older stars such as Hogan and Nash frequented the main events, while younger talent such as Chris Jericho, Chris Benoit and Eddie Guerrero were not given opportunities to advance, and the only newcomer elevated to main-event status at this time was Bill Goldberg.\nMeanwhile, on \"Raw\", fans were immersed in the feud between WWF owner Mr. McMahon and \"Stone Cold\" Steve Austin. New talent such as Triple H and his D-Generation X faction, Mankind and The Rock were elevated to main event status on the WWF's program. Superstars such as Kane, Val Venis, Goldust, etc. were coming through the ranks and exposing the WWF as the place where new talent comes through unlike the WCW counterpart. Things were so heated between the two programs that, when both shows were in the same area on the same night (\"Raw\" in Hampton, Virginia, \"Nitro\" in Norfolk), D-X was sent to film a \"war\" segment at the Norfolk Scope where they berated WCW and interviewed fans on camera who stated that they received their \"Nitro\" tickets for free (presumably in an attempt by WCW to pack the arena as full as possible due to low ticket sales).\nOn January 4, 1999. Mick Foley, who had wrestled for WCW in the early 1990s as Cactus Jack, won the WWF Title as Mankind on \"Raw\". On orders from Bischoff, \"Nitro\" announcer Tony Schiavone gave away this previously taped result on the live \"Nitro\", and then sarcastically added \"that'll sure put some butts in the seats\"; over 600,000 viewers changed channels to watch \"Raw\". This was also the night that \"Nitro\" aired a WCW World Championship match in which Kevin Nash blatantly laid down for Hulk Hogan after Hogan poked him in the chest. The next week, and for months after, many fans in the \"Raw\" audience brought signs which read, \"Mick Foley put my ass in this seat!\"\nThe end of the Wars.\nA new television contract with Viacom led to a WWF change in the broadcast. On September 25, 2000, \"Raw\" moved from the USA Network to TNN (which later became Spike TV).\nWCW's sharp decrease in revenue and ratings led to Time Warner's sale of the company to the WWF in 2001. The last version of \"Nitro\" was shown on March 26, 2001. The show began with Vince McMahon making a short statement about his recent purchase of WCW and ended with a simulcast on \"Raw\" on TNN with an appearance by Vince's son Shane McMahon on \"Nitro\". Shane interrupted his father's gloating over the WCW purchase to explain that Shane was the one who actually owned WCW, setting up what become the WWF's \"Invasion\" storyline.\nThe \"Raw is War\" logo and name were retired in September 2001, following the September 11, 2001 attacks and sensitivity over the word \"war\". It also symbolized that professional wrestling's \"Monday Night Wars\" were over.\nBrand Extension.\nIn early to mid-2002, WWE had a process they called the \"Brand Extension\". WWE divided itself into two \"de facto\" wrestling promotions with separate rosters, storylines and authority figures. Raw and SmackDown! would host each division, give its name to the division and essentially compete against each other. The split was a result of WWF purchasing their two biggest competitors, WCW and ECW. The brand extension was publicly announced during a telecast of \"WWF Raw\" on March 25, 2002, and became official the next day.\nWrestlers now would become show-exclusive, wrestling for their specific show only. At the time this excluded the WWE Undisputed Championship and the WWE Women's Championship, as those WWE titles would be defended on both shows. In August 2002, WWE Undisputed Champion Brock Lesnar did not want to defend the title on \"Raw\", in effect causing his title to become exclusive to \"SmackDown!\" The following week on Raw, General Manager Eric Bischoff awarded a newly instated World Heavyweight Championship to Raw's designated #1 contender, Triple H. Due to the fact that since the WWE Undisputed Championship was now SmackDown! exclusive it was no longer seen as \"undisputed\". Following this, the WWE Women's Championship soon became Raw-exclusive as well. As a result of the Brand Extension, an annual \"draft lottery\" was instituted to exchange members of each roster and generally refresh the lineups.\n\"WWE Raw\" said they have earned the distinction of having the most original episodes of any fictional weekly program on August 2, 2005 when it broadcast the 636th episode. It was said to have took the place of \"Gunsmoke\", which held that distinction. However, under the criteria WWE used to make this claim, the actual record would be held by the show \"Georgia Championship Wrestling\", which ran continuously on Saturday evenings on TBS between 1972 and 1984.\nReturn to USA Network.\nOn March 10, 2005, Viacom and WWE decided not to go on with the agreement with Spike TV, making it so \"Raw\" and other WWE programs on the network would cease when their deal expired in September 2005. On April 4, 2005, WWE announced a 3-year deal with NBCUniversal to bring \"Raw\" back to its old home, the USA Network, with 2 yearly specials on NBC and a Spanish \"Raw\" on Telemundo. On the same week as \"Raw\"'s restart on USA, Spike TV scheduled Ultimate Fighting Championship's live \"Ultimate Fight Night\" in \"Raw\"'s old timeslot in a try to go head-to-head with \"Raw\".\nThe show's first night back on USA was billed as the \"WWE Homecoming\" and featured the return of former WWE Champions such as Hulk Hogan, Steve Austin, Mick Foley, Triple H and Mr. McMahon along with cameos from legends such as Roddy Piper, Jimmy Hart, Jimmy Snuka and Harley Race. WWE Homecoming was three hours long \u2014 the longest an episode of \"Raw\" has ever run in its 12-year history. USA also showed \"Raw Exposed\", an hour of the best moments of \"Raw\" during its previous run on USA. WWE announced that \"Raw\" got its highest ratings in three years, gaining close to six million viewers.\nThe following week, Mr. McMahon fired Jim Ross for not helping after Steve Austin gave him and his entire family the Stone Cold Stunner. Jonathan Coachman, the second analyst at the table, took over Ross's duties as play-by-play for two weeks until former ECW announcer Joey Styles was hired.\n2006.\nOn the May 1 episode of \"Raw\", Styles said he was quitting (kayfabe). His vacating of the announcer position set the stage for Jim Ross to return to Raw's commentary booth, thus ending the storyline where Ross got fired by Linda McMahon. This freed Styles to become a commentator for the ECW brand when it launched in June.\nIn Canada, after an 11-year run on TSN, \"Raw\" moved to rival sports broadcaster The Score after it was announced that TSN would be carrying \"Monday Night Football\"' for the 2006 season. \nDuring the September 25 episode of \"Raw\" in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the opening of \"Raw\" suffered a blackout. Spotlights were the only lights running in the house. Power in the presentation was later back. Another similar moment happened back on May 26, 1996 in Florence, South Carolina for WWF , when a major thunderstorm hit the Florence Civic Center causing major chaos for the PPV. That Tuesday, returned to North Charleston, South Carolina to finish out three matches that were not shown because of the lost power feed.\nOn October 9, \"Raw\" held a three hour season start called the \"Raw Family Reunion\", where the Raw brand had a new logo and theme song, Papa Roach's \"...To Be Loved\". The episode also featured talent from the SmackDown! and ECW brands. Later that month, on October 23 \"Raw\" aired its 700th episode, making it the longest running weekly entertainment show, without a hiatus, in television history.\n2007.\nOn June 25, \"Raw\" was scheduled in Corpus Christi, Texas to be a three-hour special memorial show for the (kayfabe) death of the Mr. McMahon character after he had been presumed dead in a limo explosion. The event was canceled due to the real death of Chris Benoit and his family earlier that day, with a three-hour Chris Benoit memorial show being shown instead. This was the first time that \"Raw\" had been shown with no viewers and had Vince McMahon breaking kayfabe to address the viewers at home. The show had extracts from the DVD Hard Knocks: The Chris Benoit Story, showing some of Benoit's most memorable matches, along with comments from some of Benoit's colleagues. However, when the facts of Benoit's death came to light, WWE pulled this episode from international markets which aired \"Raw\" on a tape delay basis. Several channels announced the episode was being withheld for legal reasons. A substitute \"Raw\", hosted by Todd Grisham from WWE Studios, was created featuring recaps of big-time championship changes of the past year. The episode started with a message from Vince McMahon which originally aired on the edition of June 26 of \"ECW\". John Cena's 380 day championship reign was ended due to injury by Randy Orton on the October 1 episode of Raw. Orton won the title that Sunday at No Mercy.\nOn December 10, \"Raw\" celebrated its 15th anniversary in a three-hour spectacular on the USA Network with the returns of Stone Cold Steve Austin, Rob Van Dam, The Godfather, Steve Blackman, Howard Finkel, Ted DiBiase, Eric Bischoff, Marty Jannetty, Gangrel, Trish Stratus, Lita, Sunny, Hulk Hogan and Mick Foley (as Mankind) among others. Along with several reunions of former tag teams and also included a 15-man \"15 Years of Raw\" battle royal. The RAW XV: 15th Anniversary DVD was also sold that had the best moments in Raw history.\n2008.\nIn April 2008 as part of the United States presidential election, candidates Barack Obama, John McCain and Hillary Clinton presented special messages on \"Raw\". The show was watched by an estimated 4.97 million viewers, of which there were 1.45 million viewers who were men aged 18 to 34: an important group of voters the candidates were trying to talk to.\n2009.\nIn 2009, at No Way Out that February 15, Edge won the World Heavyweight Championship in Raw's Elimination Chamber match, thus making it a SmackDown exclusive title and giving SmackDown two top tier championships. As a result of the 2009 WWE Draft in April, WWE Champion Triple H was drafted to the Raw brand, while the World Heavyweight Championship moved to the Raw brand after Edge lost the title to John Cena at WrestleMania XXV. SmackDown would regain the World Heavyweight Championship at Backlash (2009) when Edge defeated John Cena to win the championship. In addition, SmackDown and Raw would exchange both women-exclusive championships with Raw gaining the WWE Divas Championship and SmackDown gaining the WWE Women's Championship. Also, SmackDown and Raw exchanged the WWE Intercontinental Championship which is now exclusive to SmackDown and the WWE United States Championship which is exclusive to Raw Brand, for the first time ever.\nOn June 15, 2009, Mr. McMahon announced on a special three-hour edition of Raw that he had \"sold\" the WWE Raw franchise to Donald Trump, who appeared on-screen to confirm it and declared he would be at the following commercial-free episode in person. WWE issued a press release on the scripted sale while the USA Network later issued a statement confirming the \"sale\" as part of a storyline. The statement was issued in response to multiple news sources having mistakenly reported the event as legitimate. Due to the mistake, on the day following the announcement, WWE's stock on the New York Stock Exchange notably fell. Despite USA Network's acknowledgment that the sale was fictional, Randy Katz, a securities lawyer with Baker & Hostetler, commented on the Fox Business Network that a probe by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission against WWE and USA Network owner General Electric \"certainly is a possibility\". The next week, McMahon repurchased Raw from Donald Trump and announced that a \"Guest host\" initiative originally introduced by Trump in response to the position of General Manager being vacant would go in effect on June 29. Each weekly guest host was usually either a WWE Hall of Famer, a former or returning talent, or other celebrity. The guest host or hostess assumes the role of a brand General Manager, serving as Raw's authority figure for the day. The following year, it was announced that with Vickie Guerrero (and subsequently Bret Hart) becoming the new full-time GM, the guest hosts (while continuing to appear) would no longer have booking power.\n2010\u2013present.\nIn 2010, TNA iMPACT!, which normally airs on Thursdays, would go head to head with Raw in a three-hour live broadcast. This would be the first time since March 2001 that two major wrestling promotions would go head-to-head in a Monday night ratings competition. TNA promoted the debut of Hulk Hogan leading to the broadcast. WWE countered by announcing the return of Bret Hart, who had not appeared with the company since the Montreal Screwjob in 1997. The ratings showed that, much like the first Monday Night War, Raw came out on top, averaging 5.6 million viewers while iMPACT! averaged 2.2 million viewers.\nOn March 8, 2010, iMPACT! permanently moved to Monday nights to compete head-to-head with Raw. After declining ratings, Spike executives announced that starting April 5, Impact! would air an hour earlier than Raw. After scoring its lowest ever rating at 0.5, it was announced May 3 that Impact! would be moving back to its original time on Thursdays starting May 13. Since then on April 19, 2010, many of the WWE Raw superstars were stranded in Belfast due to the ash cloud from Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull (a volcano in Iceland) hovering over most of Europe and causing many flights to be put on hold. Former ring announcer Lilian Garcia announced that night while the SmackDown roster took part in production of the Raw episode. The following month on May 17, 2010, Raw aired its second overall commercial free episode from the Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario.\nThat summer on August 30, 2010, Raw aired its 900th episode, SmackDown superstars and NXT rookies also appeared on this milestone episode. It featured The Undertaker vs Bret Hart for the first time in almost 14 years. That November, Raw went \"Old School\" for one night with the old ring and titantron designs. This episode featured WWE legends Hacksaw Jim Duggan, Mae Young, Ted Dibiase, Ron Simmons, The Iron Sheik and many more. Mark Henry briefly returned to his \"Sexual Chocolate\" gimmick in honor of Raw going \"Old School\".\nOn February 14, 2011, The Rock returned to WWE as he was announced as the host for WrestleMania XXVII. On the April 6 episode of Raw following WrestleMania 27, Rock and Cena agreed to a match at WrestleMania 28. On June 27, CM Punk was suspended after he cut a shoot promo on Raw mocking Vince McMahon, Hulk Hogan, The Rock and taking stabs at WWE management. At Money in the Bank, Punk left WWE with the WWE Championship and Raw held a tournament for a new champion won by John Cena. CM Punk returned on July 23. Triple H became COO of WWE and began operating day-to-day operations. At SummerSlam the titles were unified. On the August 29 episode of Raw, Triple H announced that talent from SmackDown could appear on Raw and Raw talent could appear on SmackDown, therefore ending the Brand Extension. The Miz and R-Truth were fired and chaos happened at Hell in a Cell and on Raw, resulting in Triple H no longer being able to operate Raw due to the vast majority of the roster walking out. John Laurinaitis became GM. Punk won his second WWE Championship at Survivor Series.\nOn January 2, 2012, Chris Jericho returned to WWE and promised to win the Royal Rumble which he did not. Brock Lesnar returned to WWE on the April 2 episode. On July 23, Raw celebrated its 1000th episode, with every episode now being three hours long from that point on until October 7, 2024. Starting on September 17, Raw along with the rest of WWE programming had a pink rope in the middle of the ring to promote breast cancer until October 29. On the November 19 episode of Raw, CM Punk celebrated 365 days as WWE Champion.\nOn the January 7, 2013 episode of Raw, The Rock came back again. On January 14, Raw celebrated 20 years. CM Punk's championship reign was ended at the Royal Rumble at 434 days. On the March 4 episode of Raw they went \"Old School\" for the second time. The following episode of Raw was a tribute to the late Paul Bearer, The Undertaker and Kane led the tribute but were twice interrupted by Undertaker's WrestleMania 29 opponent, CM Punk.\nOn January 23, 2024, WWE's parent company TKO Group announced that \"Raw\" would air on Netflix beginning on January 6, 2025 in United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Latin America, therefore leaving linear television in these areas.\nProduction.\nAs of 2025, \"Raw\" is shown live on Monday evenings on Netflix, though it is sometimes taped and placed on a broadcast delay depending on what circumstances dictate. The theme song for the Raw brand is \"4x4\" by Travis Scott since January 6, 2025. Before that the theme song was \"Born To Be\" by Def Rebel, which was used from November 20, 2023 to December 30, 2024.\nSince March 10, 1997, broadcasts of \"Raw\" were split into two hours and given hourly names for television ratings purposes, with the first hour being referred to as \"Raw is War\" and the second as \"War Zone\" by the show's on-screen graphics. However, as of October 1, 2001, the first hour has been referred to as \"Raw\" and the second as \"Raw Zone\" by the show's on-screen graphics.\nOn January 7, 2008, WWE said that all 3 brands (Raw, SmackDown, and ECW) would be broadcast in HD, codenamed \"WWE HD\" starting with Raw on January 21. WWE invested about $20 million on new recording and broadcasting equipment to prepare for the move, as well as new pyrotechnics and lighting. The move replaced the RAW, SmackDown, and ECW sets with a new state of the art set shared by all brands.\nBroadcasting notes.\nThe show currently airs live on Netflix in the United States, as well as internationally on various TV stations. Sometimes, \"Raw\" is filmed and broadcast the same evening when WWE is on an overseas tours.\nSpecial episodes.\nRaw began with a smaller set, blue ring aprons and the ropes coloured red, white and blue. In 1997, they changed the ropes to a plain red set and the titantron to feature a WWF logo and Raw Is War written everywhere including printed on the ring aprons. In 2002, they updated the logo and the ring now with a WWE.COM logo on the far sides. The ropes were sometimes black when they switched a few times per year. In 2006, they updated the Raw logo again and from October to December had the ropes black and removed the WWE.COM logo to have a Raw logo all around the ring. In December, they brought the red ropes back and in February brought back the WWE.COM logo. In January 2008, they updated the Raw set to a new HD set and the ring aprons were now red and silver instead of black. In April 2010, they changed the ring ropes to an all white scheme. In July 2012, they changed the ring aprons back to black with the new Raw logo and updated the HD set."}
+{"id": "97962", "revid": "1674540", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97962", "title": "Doctor Who companions", "text": "The companions or assistants of the Doctor of the \"Doctor Who\" television series are people who travel with him. \nThe Doctor is an alien. He is a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey. He travels in his spaceship called the TARDIS. It allows him to go anywhere in time and space. \"TARDIS\" stands for Time And Relative Dimension In Space. The Doctor usually takes other people with him, who are usually called \"companions\" or \"assistants\". The Doctor and his companions travel through space and time, have a lot of adventures, and often save many people.\nThe character of the companion was there so that the people watching the series could identify and feel close to a character. The companions were often present-time humans. People could relate to them because they knew as much as the viewers. Because of this, the Doctor could explain things to his companions, and at the same time to the viewers. \nMost of the Doctor's companions have been human. Many have been aliens or robots.\nCompanions are named under the Doctors they travelled with, and sorted by the order in which they appear.\nFirst Doctor.\nSusan.\nSusan (Carole Ann Ford) was the Doctor's granddaughter. She escaped with him from the planet Gallifrey in a stolen TARDIS. From her grandfather, she has an advanced knowledge of history and science. Her first appearance was in \"An Unearthly Child (1963).\" Her last appearance was in \"The Dalek Invasion of Earth (1964).\" In that episode, she meets David Campbell (Peter Fraser), a young freedom fighter in the 22nd century. The Doctor locks her out of the TARDIS and forces her to stay behind with David. It was unknown what happened after that.\nBarbara Wright.\nBarbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) is one of the first companions of the Doctor. Barbara is a history teacher at the Coal Hill School, working with science teacher Ian Chesterton. \nHer first appearance was in \"An Unearthly Child (1963).\" Suspicious of student Susan Foreman's strange knowledge of history and science, Barbara and Ian follow her home to the TARDIS. There they meet the Doctor. With him, they begin to travel through space and time. \nIn \"The Chase (1965),\" after two years of travelling with the Doctor, Barbara and Ian use a Dalek time machine to return to London.\nIan Chesterton.\nIan Chesterton (William Russell) is one of the first companions of the Doctor. Ian is a science teacher at the Coal Hill School, working with history teacher Barbara Wright. \nHis first appearance was in \"An Unearthly Child (1963).\" Suspicious of student Susan Foreman's strange knowledge of history and science, Ian and Barbara follow her home to the TARDIS. There they meet the Doctor. With him, they begin to travel through space and time. \nIn \"The Chase (1965)\", after two years of travelling with the Doctor, Barbara and Ian use a Dalek time machine to return to London.\nVicki.\nVicki (Maureen O'Brien) first appeared in \"The Rescue (1965)\". She was a survivor of a spaceship crash on the planet Dido in the 25th century. She is rescued by the Doctor. She travels with him, Ian, and Barbara. In \"The Myth Makers (1965)\", Vicki meets an ancient warrior of Troy named Troilus. She decides to stay behind with him. She eventually passes into legend as Cressida. She also makes sure that the Trojan girl Katarina enters the TARDIS in her place.\nSteven Taylor.\nSteven Taylor (Peter Purves) first appeared in \"The Chase (1965).\" The Doctor and his companions, Ian, Barbara, and Vicki find Steven on the planet Mechanus, where he had crash-landed two years before. In \"The Savages (1966)\", Steven stays behind to accept the responsibility of leading the combined society of Savages and Elders that are attempting a lasting peace.\nKatarina.\nKatarina (Adrienne Hill) first appears in \"The Myth Makers (1965).\" She is a handmaiden of the prophetess Cassandra, the princess of ancient Troy. After Vicki stays behind in Troy, Katarina takes her place. During \"The Daleks' Master Plan (1965-1966),\" Katarina is taken hostage by the escaped prisoner Kirksen. He demands that the Doctor take him to Kembel, a planet taken over by the Daleks. To prevent the Doctor giving in to Kirksen's demands, Katarina triggers the controls to the airlock she is being held in. That sends both her and her captor into the vacuum of space. She is the first companion in the series to die.\nSara Kingdom.\nSara Kingdom (Jean Marsh) is a Space Security Agent in \"The Daleks' Master Plan (1965-1966).\" She joins the Doctor in his fight, briefly travelling in the TARDIS to several different locations in time and space. When the Doctor activates the Time Destructor, a device that accelerates time, Sara cannot be saved. She ages and dies, her remains turning to dust. Sara is sometimes counted as a companion of the First Doctor, but sometimes not.\nDodo Chaplet.\nDorothea \"Dodo\" Chaplet (Jackie Lane) first appeared at the end of \"The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve (1966).\" Dodo wanders into the TARDIS, thinking it was a real police box. In \"The War Machines (1966)\" Dodo decides to stay in 1966 London.\nPolly.\nPolly (Anneke Wills) was a companion of the First and Second Doctor. She and Ben Jackson appeared first in \"The War Machines (1966)\". She was secretary to Professor Brett, creator of the artificial intelligence known as WOTAN. She travels with the Doctor after he regenerated into the Second Doctor. In \"The Faceless Ones (1967),\" they return to 1966 London. Polly and Ben decide to remain behind to resume their lives without disruption\nBen Jackson.\nBen Jackson (Michael Craze) was a companion of the First and Second Doctor. He appeared first in \"The War Machines\" (1966) as an Able Seaman serving in the Royal Navy. In \"The Faceless Ones (1967),\" they return to 1966 London, and Polly and Ben decide to stay.\nSecond Doctor.\nJamie McCrimmon.\nJames Robert \"Jamie\" McCrimmon (Frazer Hines) was from 18th century Scotland. He first appears in \"The Highlanders (1966-1967)\". He meets the Doctor, Ben and Polly after the Battle of Culloden in 1746. At the end of \"The War Games (1969),\" the Time Lords take Jamie's and Zoe's memories away, and send each of them back to their original time and place.\nVictoria Waterfield.\nVictoria Waterfield (Deborah Watling) is from Victorian England in 1866. She is the daughter of scientist Edward Waterfield (played by John Bailey). She first appears in \"The Evil of the Daleks (1967).\" In \"Fury from the Deep (1968)\", Victoria leaves the Doctor and Jamie and stays with a family named Harris in the 20th century.\nZoe Heriot.\nZoe Heriot (Wendy Padbury) first appears in \"The Wheel in Space (1968).\" She is on a space station in the 21st century. At the end of \"The War Games (1969)\", the Time Lords take Zoe's and Jamie's memories away, and send each of them back to their original time and place.\nThird Doctor.\nLiz Shaw.\nElizabeth \"Liz\" Shaw (Caroline John) was a scientist and civilian member of UNIT. She first appeared in \"Spearhead from Space\". She became a member of UNIT and met the newly regenerated Doctor. In \"Inferno (1970)\", Liz decided to leave the Doctor and UNIT, and go back to the University of Cambridge.\nJo Grant.\nJo Grant (Katy Manning) first appears in \"Terror of the Autons\" (1971) as a replacement assistant for the Doctor. In \"The Green Death (1973)\", Jo falls in love with the scientist Professor Clifford Jones. She decides to marry Jones, and goes with him to the Amazon Rainforest.\nSarah Jane Smith.\nSarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen) was a companion of the third and fourth Doctors (Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker). Sarah Jane was known for feminism and strong affection with the Doctor. He called her his best friend. She is the most popular of the companions from the old series. She has appeared in the new series twice. She also has her own spinoff series.\nFourth Doctor.\nHarry Sullivan.\nHarry Sullivan (Ian Marter) was a companion of the Fourth Doctor (Tom Baker). Harry was known for being UNIT's Medical Doctor. He travelled with Sarah Jane Smith as well.\nLeela.\nLeela (Louise Jameson) first appeared in \"The Face of Evil (1977).\" She was a warrior of the savage Sevateem tribe. The Sevateem tribe were the descendants of the crew of an Earth ship that crash landed on an unnamed planet in the far future. In \"The Invasion of Time (1978),\" Leela falls in love with Andred, a Gallifreyan. Leela chooses to stay with Andred on the Doctor's home planet Gallifrey. K-9 Mark I stays with her.\nK9.\nK9 (voiced by John Leeson) was a robot dog. There have been several models, K9 Mark I through Mark IV. \nThe original K9 Mark I was given to the Doctor, but later stayed with the Doctor's companion Leela on Gallifrey. K9 Mark II stayed with Romana in E-Space. K9 Mark III and Mark IV were presents of the Doctor to Sarah Jane Smith.\nRomana I & II.\nRomanadvoratrelundar is another Time Lady from Gallifrey, changing her appearance when she regenerates into Romana II.\nAdric.\nAdric (Matthew Waterhouse) was a companion of the Fourth and Fifth Doctor. He was from the planet Alzarius in the parallel universe E-Space. He came with the Doctor to our universe. Adric dies in \"Earthshock (1982)\", when the spaceship he is on crashes into prehistoric Earth.\nFifth Doctor.\nVislor Turlough.\nVislor Turlough (Mark Strickson) was an alien from the planet Trion. After a civil war he had been exiled to Earth, to the Brendon Public School. In \"Mawdryn Undead\" \"(1983)\", he met the Doctor and joined him. In \"Planet of Fire (1984),\" Turlough left and returned to his home planet Trion.\nKamelion.\nKamelion (voiced by Gerald Flood) was a shape-changing android and a companion of the Fifth Doctor. He first appears in \"The King's Demons\", where he is controlled by the Master. The Doctor frees him and takes Kamelion with him. In \"Planet of Fire (1984)\", Kamelion is destroyed.\nPerpugilliam \"Peri\" Brown.\nPerpugilliam \"Peri\" Brown (Nicola Bryant) was a companion of the Fifth and Sixth Doctor. She first appears in \"Planet of Fire (1984)\". After that, she travels with the Doctor. After the Doctor regenerates, Peri stays and travels with the Sixth Doctor.\nSixth Doctor.\nMelanie Bush.\nMelanie \"Mel\" Bush (Bonnie Langford) was a companion of the Sixth and Seventh Doctor. She was a computer programmer from 20th century England. Mel leaves the Doctor at the end of \"Dragonfire (1987),\" to stay on Iceworld with Sabalom Glitz.\nSeventh Doctor.\nAce.\nDorothy \"Ace\" McShane, (Sophie Aldred) first appears in \"Dragonfire (1987),\" on the planet Iceworld, although Ace was from 20th century Earth. At the end of this story, Melanie Bush leaves the Doctor. He invites Ace to come with him. Ace stays the Doctor's companion until the first end of the series in 1989.\nEighth Doctor.\nGrace Holloway.\nDr. Grace Holloway (Daphne Ashbrook) was the Doctor's companion in the 1996 television movie \"Doctor Who\". Grace is a cardiologist from 1999 San Francisco. She accidentally kills the Seventh Doctor during an operation. Grace helps the Eighth Doctor fight the Master. In the end of the movie, the Eighth Doctor invites Grace to travel with him, but she says that she will stay on Earth.\nLucie Miller.\nLucie Miller was the Doctor's companion in The Eighth Doctor Adventures range from Big Finish, and is among the named companions in The Night of the Doctor special episode featuring the Eighth's regeneration.\nCharlotte Pollard.\nCharlotte Pollard was the Doctor's first companion in the audio series by Big Finish. She was a girl from 1900s Britain, she ran away to fly around the world, boarding the ship the R101. The Doctor saved her from the crash and she became his companion.\nNinth Doctor.\nAdam Mitchell.\nAdam Mitchell (Bruno Langley) was the Doctor's companion for only two episodes. In 2012, he was a young English researcher. He worked for the American billionaire Henry van Statten. In the episode \"Dalek\u201d (2005), he was at van Statten's base, and at the end he went with the Doctor in the TARDIS. In \"The Long Game\" (2005), he is travelling with the Doctor and Rose, but Adam behaves badly. At the end of the episode, the Doctor takes Adam home.\nTenth Doctor.\nMickey Smith.\nMickey Smith (Noel Clarke) was Rose Tyler's boyfriend. He helped Rose and the Ninth Doctor several times. Later he travelled with the Tenth Doctor and Rose. At the end of \"The Age of Steel\" (2006), Mickey decided to stay in the parallel world to help fight the Cybermen. In \"Journey's End\" (2008), Mickey returned to this world, and at the end decided to stay here again.\nAstrid Peth.\nAstrid Peth (Kylie Minogue) was the Doctor's companion during the 2007 Christmas special \"Voyage of the Damned\". She is from the planet Sto. Astrid is a waitress on the starship \"Titanic\". Astrid helps the Doctor. She is killed while she saves him. After saving the \"Titanic\", the Doctor realises that Astrid was still wearing a teleporter bracelet when she died. He tries to bring her back to life, but it does not work fully: Astrid now is a ghost-like energy being. In the end, the Doctor sends Astrid away to fly through the universe.\nWilfred Mott.\nWilfred Mott (Bernard Cribbins) was the grandfather of Donna Noble. He first appeared in the 2007 Christmas special \"Voyage of the Damned\". He made his final appearance in the 2023 episode \"Wild Blue Yonder\u201d.\nEleventh Doctor.\nRory Williams.\nRory is often also called Rory Pond by the Doctor. Rory does not like the name. He thinks since he and Amy Pond got married, they should be Mr. and Mrs Williams. The Doctor prefers Mr. and Mrs. Pond. Rory is also known as the Last Centurion. He departed along with Amy in \"The Angels Take Manhattan (2012),\" when they were sent back in time to a time where the Doctor could not retrieve them.\nRiver Song.\n played by Alex Kingston\nDaughter of Amy Pond & known as \"The Child of the. T.A.R.D.I.S\"\nCraig Owens.\nCraig Owens (James Corden) was a man whose apartment the Doctor stayed in during \"The Lodger\" (2010). He returned in \"Closing Time\" (2011) to help the Doctor fight some cybermen hiding underneath a department store.\nJohn Riddell.\nJohn Riddell (Rupert Graves) was an English game hunter. The Doctor picked him up in \"Dinosaurs on a Spaceship\" (2012). He took him to a Silurian Ark ship to help stop it crashing into earth. He left after the episode and may not be considered a 'proper' companion.\nQueen Nefertiti of Egypt.\nQueen Nefertiti [Riann Steele](called 'Neffie' by the Doctor) helped the Doctor with a Silurian Ark ship that was going to crash into earth in \"Dinosaurs on a Spaceship\" (2012). After she left and went to Africa with big game hunter John Riddell.\nBrian Williams.\nBrian Williams (Mark Williams) Rory Williams father. The Doctor accidentally brought him along during \"Dinosaurs on a Spaceship\" (2012). He helped fly the Silurian Ark to safety with his son Rory. He returns in \"The Power Of Three\" (2012)\nClara Oswald.\n Clara Oswald was a companion of the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors. Clara was called \"the impossible girl\".\nPaternoster Gang.\nThe Paternoster Gang is a group that includes Silurian Madame Vastra (Neve McIntosh), her wife Jenny Flint (Catrin Stewart), and Sontaran commander Strax (Dan Starkey).\nThirteenth Doctor.\nGraham O'Brien.\nGraham O'Brien (Bradley Walsh) is a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor. He is a retired bus driver.\nRyan Sinclair.\nRyan Sinclair (Tosin Cole) is a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor. He is also Graham's step-grandson and went to school with Yasmin Khan. Ryan has dyspraxia.\nYasmin Khan.\nYasmin Khan (Mandip Gill) is a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor. She is a junior police officer with the Hallamshire Police.\nDan Lewis.\nDan Lewis (John Bishop) is a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor. He is a volunteer at Jenning Street Food Bank.\nFifteenth Doctor.\nRuby Sunday.\nRuby Sunday (Millie Gibson) is the companion to Ncuti Gatwa's Fifteenth Doctor.\nBelinda Chandra.\nBelinda Chandra (Varada Sethu) is the second companion to Ncuti Gatwa's Fifteenth Doctor."}
+{"id": "97963", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97963", "title": "Moomba", "text": "The Moomba Waterfest is a yearly festival in Melbourne, Australia. It takes place over the Labor Day weekend."}
+{"id": "97964", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97964", "title": "Astrid Peth", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97965", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97965", "title": "Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97966", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97966", "title": "Grace Holloway", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97967", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97967", "title": "Ian Chesterton", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97968", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97968", "title": "Susan Foreman", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97969", "revid": "9589824", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97969", "title": "Ludwig Wittgenstein", "text": "Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( in German) (April 26, 1889 \u2013 April 29, 1951) was an Austrian philosopher. He worked mainly in the basics of logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. He is regarded as one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century.\nBefore his death at the age of 62, the only book Wittgenstein had published was the \"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus\". His second book \"Philosophical Investigations\" was published shortly after he died. Both of these works are regarded as very important for analytic philosophy.\nLife.\nLudwig Wittgenstein was born in Vienna on 26 April 1889, to Karl and Leopoldine Wittgenstein. He was the youngest of eight children and was born into one of the most prominent and wealthy families in the Austro-Hungarian empire. His father's parents, Hermann Christian and Fanny Wittgenstein, were born into Jewish families but later converted to Protestantism, and after they moved from Saxony to Vienna in the 1850s, were part of the Viennese Protestant professional classes. Ludwig's father became an industrialist and went on to make a fortune in iron and steel. Ludwig's mother Leopoldine, born Kalmus, was an aunt of the Nobel Prize laureate Friedrich von Hayek. Despite Karl's Protestantism, and the fact that Leopoldine's father was Jewish, the Wittgenstein children were baptized as Roman Catholics \u2014 the faith of their maternal grandmother \u2014 and Ludwig was given a Roman Catholic burial upon his death. \nHe began studying mechanical engineering. During his research he became interested in the foundations of mathematics, particularly after reading Bertrand Russell's \"Principles of Mathematics\" and Gottlob Frege's \"Grundgesetze\". In 1911 Wittgenstein visited Frege and Russell and discussed philosophy with them at great length. He made a great impression on Russell and started to work on the foundations of logic and mathematical logic. Russell saw Wittgenstein as a successor who would carry on his work.\nThe \"Tractatus\".\nDuring the First World War, Wittgenstein served in the army and developed his logic. He included ethical aspects. In the summer of 1918 he learned that his friend David Pinsent had been killed in an airplane accident. Wittgenstein became depressed and thought of suicide. He went to stay with his uncle Paul where he was able to complete the \"Tractatus\". No publisher accepted it, but Russell realised it was a philosophically important work and wrote an introduction. Wittgenstein did not like it because he thought that Russell had not understood the book. Wilhelm Ostwald's journal \"Annalen der Naturphilosophie\" printed a German edition in 1921, and Routledge's Kegan Paul printed a bilingual edition with Russell's introduction in 1922.\nThe years after the \"Tractatus\".\nSince Wittgenstein thought that the \"Tractatus\" had solved all the problems of philosophy, he left philosophy and returned to Austria to train as a primary school teacher. Wittgenstein had unrealistic expectations of the rural children he taught, and had little patience with those children who had no gift for mathematics. But he had good results with children that were interested, especially boys. His severe disciplinary methods led to disagreement with some of his students' parents, and eventually he resigned his position and returned to Vienna, feeling that he had failed as a school teacher.\nAfter abandoning his work as a school teacher, Wittgenstein worked as a gardener's assistant in a monastery near Vienna and then he worked with the architect, Paul Engelmann. This intellectual work did much to restore Wittgenstein's spirits. Between 1925 and 1928, he joined his sister Margaret in Vienna, where she was having a house built. Wittgenstein and the architect Paul Engelmann built it together, and though they never lived in it, 'Haus Wittgenstein' is still standing in Vienna today. Toward the end of this work, Wittgenstein was contacted by Moritz Schlick, one of the leading figures of the newly formed Vienna Circle. This contact stimulated Wittgenstein intellectually and revived his interest in philosophy.\nReturn to Cambridge.\nIn 1929 he decided to return to Cambridge. He was met at the railway station by a crowd of England's greatest intellectuals. He found out to his horror that he was one of the most famous philosophers in the world now. In 1939 Wittgenstein was appointed to the chair in Philosophy at Cambridge.\nDuring World War II he left Cambridge and volunteered as a hospital porter in Guy's Hospital in London and as a laboratory assistant in Newcastle upon Tyne's Royal Victoria Infirmary.\nFinal years.\nWittgenstein resigned his position at Cambridge in 1947 to concentrate on his writing. When in 1949, he found out that he had prostate cancer, he had written most of the material that would be published after his death as \"Philosophische Untersuchungen\" (\"Philosophical Investigations\"), which might be his most important work. He died of prostate cancer in Cambridge."}
+{"id": "97970", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97970", "title": "Wittgenstein (disambiguation)", "text": "Wittgenstein may refer to:"}
+{"id": "97971", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97971", "title": "Adam Mitchell", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97974", "revid": "133633", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97974", "title": "Rose Tyler", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97975", "revid": "133633", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97975", "title": "Jack Harkness", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97980", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97980", "title": "Vislor Turlough", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97981", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97981", "title": "Kamelion", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97982", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97982", "title": "Peri Brown", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97983", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97983", "title": "Mickey Smith", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97984", "revid": "133633", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97984", "title": "Donna Noble", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97985", "revid": "24306", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97985", "title": "Martha Jones", "text": ""}
+{"id": "97986", "revid": "10465687", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97986", "title": "John C. Breckinridge", "text": "John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 \u2013 May 17, 1875) was a lawyer, U.S. representative, U.S. senator from Kentucky, and the 14th vice president of the United States. He was a member from Kentucky in the House of Representatives from 1851 to 1855. He served as vice president from 1857 to 1861 under President James Buchanan. Breckinridge was the youngest vice president in U.S. history.\nBreckinridge was also a Southern Democratic candidate for president in the 1860 election. The Democratic Party was then split, with the South voting for Breckinridge and the North voting for Stephen Douglas. Breckinridge carried most of the South but lost to the Republican Party's candidate, Abraham Lincoln.\nWhen the South seceded, Breckinridge was briefly a senator from Kentucky, but he was kicked out of the Senate. He theeeeen became active in the Confederacy. During the American Civil War, he was a general in the Confederate States Army. He fought in Tennessee and the Shenandoah Valley. He was the Confederate commander at the Battle of New Market. He was the last Confederate Secretary of War.\nAfter the war, Breckinridge left the country for four years. He returned to Kentucky in 1869 and died in 1875."}
+{"id": "97987", "revid": "373511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97987", "title": "Michael Dante DiMartino", "text": "Michael Dante DiMartino (born July 18, 1974) is an American animation director. He is best known as the co-creator, executive producer, and story editor of the TV series \"\" on Nickelodeon."}
+{"id": "97993", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97993", "title": "Barbara Meier", "text": "Barbara Meier (born 25 July 1986 in Amberg, Germany) is a model. She is the winner of the second cycle (season) of \"Germany's Next Topmodel\" (GNTM), presented by Heidi Klum.\nBiography.\nMeier was born in Amberg. Before \"GNTM\" she studied mathematics.\nWhile shopping at a mall, she was invited by a model scout to a casting for \"GNTM\". Out of 16,421 girls in the casting, she was chosen among 14 other girls to be on the TV show.\nDuring the show she won a role alongside Heidi Klum in a TV commercial for McDonald's.\nIn the last episode (the finale), she won the show and became \"Germany's Next Topmodel\".\nAfter \"Germany's Next Topmodel\", Meier was in many magazines around the world such as \"Vogue\" (Taiwan), \"Madame Figaro\" (Russia) and \"L'Officiel\" (France) and worked for many brands such as \"Pantene\"."}
+{"id": "97994", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=97994", "title": "Bryan Konietzko", "text": "Bryan Konietzko is the co-creator and executive producer of the animated series \"\". He has also worked as a character designer for the animated series \"Family Guy\". He was a storyboard artist and art director for the Nickelodeon animated series \"Invader Zim\"."}
+{"id": "98003", "revid": "1649829", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98003", "title": "Hannibal Hamlin", "text": "Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 \u2013 July 4, 1891) was a politician from Maine. Hamlin served as a lawmaker in Maine, governor of Maine, and member of the U.S. House of Representatives and of the U.S. Senate. He began his career as a Democrat but later became a Republican. He was the first Republican to serve as Vice President of the United States under U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the 1860 presidential election.\nEarly life.\nHamlin was born in Paris, Maine. He was a descendant of James Hamlin, who had lived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1639.\nHamlin attended the area's schools and later managed his father's farm. For the next few years, he worked at several jobs. He studied law. He lived in Hampden, Maine, where he practiced law until 1848, when he moved away. Hamlin studied law. He was admitted to the legal profession in 1833 and quickly became known as a good lawyer and a good speaker. \nPolitical career.\nIn politics, Hamlin began as an antislavery Democrat. He was a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1836 to 1840 and became in charge of it. He was a U.S. Representative from 1843 to 1847 and a U.S. Senator from 1848 to 1856. From the very beginning of his service in Congress he was a well-known opponent of the extension of slavery, a notable supporter of the Wilmot Proviso, and an opponent of the Missouri Compromise. In 1856, he left the Democratic Party and joined the new Republican Party, which had been started two years earlier. \nThe Republicans in tjhe state chose him as their cndidate for governor of Maine 1856, and he won a landslide victory. He was inaugurated as governor on January 8, 1857. In late February, however, he gave up the governorship, and he joined the U.S. Senate from 1857 and served until 1861.\nFrom 1861 to 1865, during the American Civil War, he was Vice President of the United States. While in this office he gave much advice to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and supported both the Emancipation Proclamation and the arming of the slaves. After the war, he served in the U.S. Senate (1869-1881), was minister to Spain (1881-1883), and then left public life. He died at Bangor, Maine, on July 4, 1891."}
+{"id": "98006", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98006", "title": "Busan subway", "text": "The Busan Metro () is a subway system in Busan, South Korea. Busan is one of four cities in South Korea with a subway system; the others are Seoul, Daegu and Incheon. Subway systems are also being built in Gwangju and Daejeon. Planning for the Busan Subway began in 1979 and building started in 1981. The first stage, a line with 17 stations between Nopo-dong and Beomnaegol opened on the 19 July 1985. There are now 102 stations, four lines, and of tracks.\nThe system is operated by Busan Transportation Corporation. It was first launched in 1985 when Line 1 (Nopo-dong(\ub178\ud3ec\ub3d9)~Beomnaegol(\ubc94\ub0b4\uace8)) was opened. Now there are 6 lines with 114 stations, 116.5\u00a0kilometers of tracks. Busan Transportation Corporation publishes a name of 'Humetro' as a brand identity.\nLine 1 (Orange Line).\nLine 1 (Nopo-dong(\ub178\ud3ec\ub3d9)~Beomnaegol(\ubc94\ub0b4\uace8)) was first opened in 1985. In 1994, the whole section (Nopo-dong(\ub178\ud3ec\ub3d9)~Sinpyeong(\uc2e0\ud3c9)) was launched. Line 1 is the South-North route. And it passes right through the heart of the city. It was 32.5\u00a0km long with 34 stations in 1994 when the line was later extended to 40.5\u00a0km with 40 stations, which the extension was opened on April 20, 2017. The subway used in Line 1 is middle-sized subway. It was made of stainless domestically for the first time when being constructed. It is a 8-cars train. Many cutting edge technologies (including NATM, TBM construction methods) were used to construct line 1.\nLine 2 (Green Line).\nLine 2 (Hopo(\ud638\ud3ec)~Seo-myeon(\uc11c\uba74)) first began operation in 1999, and the entire route (Jangsan(\uc7a5\uc0b0)~Hopo(\ud638\ud3ec)) was completed in 2002. Line 2 was built to solve chronic heavy traffic from east to west of the city. In 2008, the extension route (Hopo(\ud638\ud3ec)~Yangsan(\uc591\uc0b0)) was launched for developing transportation system between Busan and Yangsan city. The whole line 2 is 45.2\u00a0km in length, 43 stations. It is middle-sized subway and a 6-cars train. Shield construction method was used to build line 2. It was the first time to use this method when constructing the subway line in the country. This method was needed to build the line across Suyeong River.\nLine 3 (Brown Line).\nLine 3 (Suyeong(\uc218\uc601)~Daejeo(\ub300\uc800)) started its service in 2005. It is aimed at reducing traffic in Mandeok(\ub9cc\ub355), Minam(\ubbf8\ub0a8) and Yeonsan-dong(\uc5f0\uc0b0\ub3d9). Line 3 also connects relatively isolated Gangseo(\uac15\uc11c) area with the center of the city. It is expected to help to improve the quality of life in Gangseo(\uac15\uc11c) region. Line 3 is 18.1\u00a0km long with 17 stations. It is middle-sized subway and uses a 4-cars train. Line 3 subway is a Korean standard type train. All equipment is localized, and a train itself is 20% lighter than line 1 subway.\nLine 4 (Blue Line).\nLine 4 has been constructed since 2003. It opened on March 30, 2011. It connects from Minam(\ubbf8\ub0a8) to Anpyeong(\uc548\ud3c9) with 12 stations. The line\u2019s length is 12.7\u00a0km. It is expected to promote development of Geumsa(\uae08\uc0ac), Bansong(\ubc18\uc1a1) and Gijang(\uae30\uc7a5) regions. It is light rail which consumes only 80% money in construction and management compared to existing heavy rail.\nBusan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit.\nThis line is operated by Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit Corporation which (from Sasang(\uc0ac\uc0c1) to Gaya University) links to the western area of Busan to adjoining city of Gimhae. It has 21 stations and 23.9\u00a0km of track. It was completed and opened on September 9, 2011.\nPassenger.\nThe number of passengers using Busan subway is about 263,574,000 a year (2009. It means that average 722,000 people use Busan subway everyday. Among them, 401,000 people use line 1, 250,000 people line 2, and 71,000 people line 3."}
+{"id": "98011", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98011", "title": "Tsinghua University", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98012", "revid": "1687111", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98012", "title": "Tsing Hua University", "text": "Tsing Hua University or THU is a university in Beijing, People's Republic of China. It is regarded as one of the best and most selective universities in China. It was established in 1911 as a school for Chinese graduates wanting to go further with their studies at universities in other countries, especially the United States and the United Kingdom.:\nHistory.\nTsing Hua University was opened in Beijing, China in 1911 on the site of a former royal garden belonging to a prince. It was first a \"preparatory school\", a school for preparation, for students to be later sent by the government to study in America. The people who graduated were transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation.\nIn 1925, the school established its College Department and started its research institute on Chinese Study. In 1928, the name officially changed to National []Tsing Hua University]].:\nDuring the Second World War in 1937, Tsing Hua University, along with Peking University and Nankai University, merged to form Chang Sha Temporary University in Chang Sha, which later became National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming of Yunnan province. After the war, Tsing Hua moved back to Beijing.:\nThe communist victory at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 led to the creation of the People's Republic of China, so the university's President Mei Yi Qi and some professors went to Taiwan where they established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became National Tsing Hua University.:\nIn 1952, the communist government regrouped the country's higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system, with individual institutions specialising in a certain field of study. TsingHua University was disassembled, losing its law school, school of agriculture, school of sciences and humanities, and became a polytechnic engineering university. Even so, the University remained in the top tier schools in China (Many Chinese scholars say that its only rival is Peking University). Following this regroup, the school was often referred to as the \"MIT of China\" . From the 1980s, the university began to incorporate a multidisciplinary system. As a result, a lot of schools were built and rebuilt. These included the School of Science, School of Economics and Management, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Law, School of Public Administration, and the School of Art. Only two colleges charge tuition to its graduate students; the law school and the Academy of Arts and Design.:\nDuring the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976, the university became a battlefield between different sects of Mao's Red Guards and a stronghold of the radicals. It did not resume its normal operation until 1977 when the Cultural Revolution was officially put to an end.\nSince 1977, the university has enjoyed rich government funding and policy support which greatly improved its facilities. Its graduate school has been recognized nationally, ranking first in the National Evaluation of Graduate Schools. The School of Continuing Education uses modern information technologies, as well as the advanced educational resources at Tsing Hua.:\nPresent.\nMost Chinese university rankings place TsingHua first in China. It attracts the most talented students of the nation and enjoys the best engineering and applied sciences programs in China, occupying a position similar to MIT, Stanford, and Princeton in the US. Peking Union Medical College of Tsinghua University is regarded as the best medical school in the country. Tsinghua's longtime rival Peking University is better known for natural sciences, social sciences, law, and liberal arts.\nAdmission to Tsinghua is highly competitive. The majority of selected students are national scholars and among the brightest high school graduates in the country. Many of China's top scientists, engineers, politicians and business leaders are among Tsinghua alumni. The former Chinese leader (2002-2012), Hu Jintao, is a former Tsinghua student who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering in 1964. The current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (since 2012), Xi Jinping, is a former Tsinghua student who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering in 1979.:\nIn 2003, Tsinghua University had 12 colleges and 48 departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories. In September 2006, Peking Union Medical College was renamed to Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University . The university offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs and 107 Ph.D. programs. Recently, Tsinghua has become the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws program in American law, through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law. The university is a member of LAOTSE, an international network of leading universities in Europe and Asia. Each year, the University celebrates the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord, New Hampshire.:\nOn April 12, 2007, Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management became the first business school in the Chinese mainland to earn AACSB accreditation. Former Premier Zhu Rongji was the founding dean of the school.:\nThe University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology is on a separate campus in a northern suburb of Beijing.:\nTsinghua is where former United States Vice President Al Gore lectured at in his documentary, An Inconvenient Truth. Viewers can see the university lecture hall, with its well-known purple seats.\nCampus.\nThe campus of Tsinghua University is in northwest Beijing, in the Haidian district which was designated for Universities.:\nIt is located on the former site of Qing Dynasty royal gardens and retains some Chinese-style landscaping as well as some traditional buildings, but many of its buildings are Western-style reflecting the American influence in its history. It is known throughout China for having one of the most beautiful campuses.:\nThe university's architect T. Chuang, a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, modeled his designs for the quadrangle and auditorium of Tsinghua on the Illinois campus, specifically imitating Foellinger Auditorium, located on the quad at the University of Illinois.\nUniversity Traditions.\nTsinghua Alma Mater.\nTsinghua's early school anthem was composed by an American instructor Miss Katherine E. Seelye. In 1923, another version with lyrics in Chinese (by Prof. Wang Luan Xiang, a Chinese language professor of Tsinghua) was composed by Mrs. Zhang Hui Zhen and was well received by the students and faculty. The song was then adopted as the school's official Alma Mater.:\nAnniversary and Homecoming.\nThe last Sunday of April is Tsinghua's anniversary and Homecoming (\"Xiao-Qing\") Day.:\nSchool Flowers.\nRedbud and Lilac\nSchool Colors.\nPurple and White\nTsinghua Fight Song.\nThe school cheer goes: Ri-ri-ri, Rah-rah-rah! Tsinghua, Tsinghua, Tsinghua ! Rah-rah-rah!.:\nGlobal Partnership.\nTsinghua University has signed agreements with ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants), the renowned international accountancy body that offers Chartered Certified Accountant qualification worldwide, to train the new generation of professional accountants in China. Under the agreement, Tsinghua will develop the programme that under ACCA's syllabus for enabling China's young accounting students to join the ACCA professional exam scheme at a higher level. Tsinghua will also recognise the Oxford Brookes University BSc Applied Accounting degree, which has been successfully developed in conjunction with ACCA and which enables students who have completed two parts of the ACCA qualification to apply for the Oxford University Brookes degree.:"}
+{"id": "98013", "revid": "1343687", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98013", "title": "THU", "text": "Thu is most often an abbreviation for Thursday.\nIt can also mean\""}
+{"id": "98014", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98014", "title": "Yui", "text": "Yui or YUI can mean:"}
+{"id": "98015", "revid": "593910", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98015", "title": "Yui Horie", "text": " is a Japanese voice actress and singer. Her real name is Yoshiko (\u5800\u6c5f \u7531\u5b50 Horie Yoshiko), and she is sometimes nicknamed \"Ho'chan \u307b\u3063\u3061\u3083\u3093 Hocchan)\" by her Japanese fans. She hosted aradio show called Yui's Angel Eggs (or \u5800\u6c5f\u7531\u8863\u306e\u5929\u4f7f\u306e\u305f\u307e\u3054 Horie Yui No Tenshi No Tamago in Japanese) which airs every Monday morning at 0.30 am (local Tokyo time). She is the founding member of the band Aice5. She is also a member of the band Kurobara Hozonkai under the nickname YUI-EL. Her blood type is B and her hobbies include shoulder massage, reading and food.\nBiography.\nHorie was born in Tokyo, Japan. As a child, she was a huge fan of the animated series \"Dirty Pair\" and stated that the series was her first inspiration to become a voice artist. She debuted in 1997 in a video game Voice Fantasia and for several years had minor roles in various animations. She landed her first leading role as Haruka in Kurogane Communication. The turning point in her career was not till the year 2000, when she won the role of Naru in \"Love Hina\" and the role of Honda Touru in \"Fruits Basket\". She released her first music album titled Mizutamari ni Utsuru Sekai in 2000. She formed a band called Yamato Nadeshiko with Yukari Tamura in 2001. They released two singles, \"\u3082\u3046\u3072\u3068\u308a\u306e\u79c1\" and \"Merry Merrily\". \"Merry Merrily\" was an insert song in the Love Hina Christmas Special. In October 2005, she founded Aice5, a J-pop supergroup made up of 4 other voice actors, to help launch their careers. Aice5 officially ended on 20 September 2007. She has collaborated with a few other artists, such as UNSCANDAL in 2005 and \u9ed2\u8594\u8587\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f1a in 2007. She was employed by Arts Vision until mid 2007 due to a scandal within the agency's top management. She left to become a freelance actress with no links to any talent management firm."}
+{"id": "98016", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98016", "title": "YUI", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98017", "revid": "11594", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98017", "title": "Yoshioka Yui", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98018", "revid": "11806", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98018", "title": "Jang ri-in", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98027", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98027", "title": "Bathymetry", "text": "Bathymetry is the study of the underwater terrain of lakes or ocean floors. It is the same as topography, except that it looks at the underwater topography. It is a field of oceanography. The name comes from Greek (\"bathus\"), meaning \"deep\", and (\"metron\"), meaning \"measure\". Bathymetric (or hydrographic) charts are often made to support the safety of underwater navigation and exploration. Most of these underwater topographic maps use contour lines (called \"depth contours\" or \"isobaths\") to show the terrain of the sea floor, and how deep it is. They usually also give surface navigational information.\nOriginally, bathymetry involved the measurement of ocean depth through sounding. Early techniques used heavy rope or cable lowered over a ship's side. This method measures the depth of the water at a single location each time. It was not a very accurate method. The data used to make bathymetric maps today usually comes from an echosounder (sonar). This device is attached to the bottom or the side of a boat."}
+{"id": "98029", "revid": "13028", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98029", "title": "HIGH and MIGHTY COLOR", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98037", "revid": "10273682", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98037", "title": "Cave painting", "text": "Cave paintings are paintings on cave walls and ceilings. Usually these paintings were made in prehistoric times.\nIt is not known why these paintings were made. They may have been used in rituals. Some were surely giving information. Many paintings in caves are difficult to get at. \nToday, there are about 350 caves known which have paintings in them. Many are in France and Spain. The best known are probably the caves of Altamira (in Spain), Lascaux (in France), or Creswell Crags in England. Sometimes, paintings were also done on cliff faces. Fewer of those have survived though, because of erosion. One such example are the rock paintings of Astuvansalmi (in Finland).\nMost often, animals or hunting scenes were painted. Sometimes hands are there too. Rarely, there are also more abstract patterns.\nThe paintings were drawn with red and yellow ochre, hematite, manganese oxide and charcoal. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was put into the rock first.\nStyles.\nAndr\u00e9 Leroi-Gourhan (19111986) classified the paintings into different styles:\nTheories.\nThere are different theories about why people created cave paintings. These are the most common explanations:\nOldest known.\nIn general, the dates of these artefacts are not known with any accuracy. Our own dating system was invented long after the artefacts.\nA painting on the wall of an Indonesian cave is about 44,000 years old. It shows a buffalo being hunted. Last year another painting was found in Borneo."}
+{"id": "98043", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98043", "title": "Radiocarbon dating", "text": "Radiocarbon dating, also known as the C14 dating method, is a way of telling how old an object is. It is a type of radiometric dating. \nThe method uses the radioactive isotope carbon-14. Most organic matter contains carbon. Carbon has different isotopes, which are usually not radioactive. 14C is the radioactive one, its half-life (time it takes to reduce its radioactivity by half) is about 5,730 years. This makes it possible to tell the age of substances that contain carbon. The method works to about 60,000 years old. Dates obtained are usually written as \"before present\" ('present' is 1950). \nPlants take up atmospheric carbon dioxide by photosynthesis, and are eaten by animals, so every living thing is constantly exchanging carbon-14 with its environment as long as it lives. Once it dies, however, this exchange stops.\nIn 1958 Hessel de Vries showed that the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere varies with time and locality. The relatively short-lived 14C is constantly renewed by cosmic ray bombardment on atmospheric nitrogen. Since the bombardment is slightly variable, and for other reasons, the 14C taken into organic matter is also slightly variable. That leads to errors in the chronology. However, under about 20,000 years the results can be compared with dendrochronology, based on tree rings. For the most accurate work, variations are compensated by means of calibration curves. \nThe method was developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1949. In 1960, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. He first demonstrated the accuracy of radiocarbon dating by accurately estimating the age of wood from an ancient Egyptian royal barge of which the age was known from historical documents."}
+{"id": "98044", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98044", "title": "Before present", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98047", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98047", "title": "Passage tomb", "text": "A passage tomb or passage grave is a tomb which can be reached through a (usually low) passage. Most of these tombs were constructed during prehistoric There are many of these tombs in Ireland and Scotland."}
+{"id": "98071", "revid": "1391867", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98071", "title": "Hallstatt culture", "text": "The Hallstatt culture is named after Hallstatt, a city in Austria in which the first artifacts were found. It lasted from about 1200 BC to about 275 BC. \nThere were different periods that are now told apart mainly by the kinds of brooches used. The brooches changed rather rapidly and permit a good estimate. Hallstatt culture sites have been found in the east of France, in Switzerland, in the south of Germany, in Austria, in Slovenia and Croatia, northwestern Hungary, southwestern Slovakia and southern Moravia.\nIn this time, the social structure developed into a hierarchy. That can be documented by various things that were added to graves, such as at Magdalenenberg. In the Bronze Age, people lived in big settlements. As iron became available, trade routes changed. A new upper class could establish itself. Unlike before, the upper class liked to live in big houses in the countryside to show their power.\nFunerary cults also changed, from cremation burials, to burials with sarcophagi. The new upper class used its wealth for import goods, mostly from the Mediterranean. People started settling there around the 2nd millennium BC.\nOther websites.\nHallstatt culture: the real thing. "}
+{"id": "98072", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98072", "title": "La T\u00e8ne culture", "text": "The La T\u00e8ne culture existed from about 500 BC to about 100 AD. Named after a town in Switzerland near Neuch\u00e2tel, it was greatly influenced by the Roman and the Greek cultures. There are two sources for this:\nThe Celts basically lived in clans, which were led by leaders, the druids and the bards. Women were much better off than under the Romans and were of a similar status to men. There were both polygyny (a man could have several women) and polyandry (a woman could have several men)."}
+{"id": "98074", "revid": "586", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98074", "title": "Ringfort", "text": "A ringfort, ring fort or ring fortress is a fortified settlement. Ring forts were made to protect villages, mostly in the Middle Ages. In Ireland where many such forts can be found, they are also known as r\u00e1th, caiseal, cathair and d\u00fan in the early Irish sources.\nA \"r\u00e1th\" (anglicised rath), was made of earth, \"caiseal\" (northwestern Ireland, anglicised cashel) and \"cathair\" (southwestern Ireland) were built of stone. A \"dun\" is a more prestigious site, the seat of some kind of ruler, the term is applied to promontory forts as well."}
+{"id": "98081", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98081", "title": "Capitol", "text": "Capitol can mean:"}
+{"id": "98082", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98082", "title": "Capitol (building)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98084", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98084", "title": "Beowulf", "text": "Beowulf is an Old English heroic epic poem. It is not known who wrote it, and there is no agreement as to when it was written. Estimates for the date range from AD 608 right through to AD 1000, and there is no consensus. The poem has only one manuscript source, written about 1010. \"Beowulf\" is 3182 lines long. Tolkien describes and illustrates many of the features of Old English poetry in his 1940 essay \"On translating Beowulf\".\nThe protagonist of the poem is Beowulf. In the poem, Beowulf fights three monsters: Grendel and Grendel's mother, and later in his life an unnamed dragon.\nStory.\nHrothgar, a Danish king, has built a big mead hall, which is called Heorot. Hrothgar and his people live a good life and celebrate in Heorot. But then they are attacked by Grendel, who comes to Heorot every night and kills some of Hrothgar's people.\nBeowulf is a warrior from Geatland (modern southern Sweden). He hears of Hrothgar's troubles with Grendel. Beowulf and his men leave Geatland to help King Hrothgar.\nBeowulf and his men stay the night in Heorot. When Grendel comes to kill them, Beowulf fights him. Beowulf tears Grendel's arm off from his body and sticks it on the wall as a trophy. Grendel runs to his home in the marshes, where he dies. Everyone is happy that Grendel is killed and celebrates. \nBut the next night, Grendel's mother comes to Heorot and kills many people for revenge and grabs Grendel's arm. Beowulf then goes to the marshes where Grendel and his mother lived. Beowulf fights Grendel's mother and kills her.\nBeowulf later becomes a king. He fights a dragon that was living in a barrow. With the help of the young man Wiglaf, Beowulf kills the dragon. Beowulf is wounded in the final battle and dies and crowns Wiglaf as his successor. \nAdaptations.\nThe story of \"Beowulf\" has often been told in books, plays, and films. Sometimes the full story is told, sometimes just parts of the story. Sometimes the plot is altered. Sometimes only ideas or themes are taken from the story. \nSome examples are:"}
+{"id": "98099", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98099", "title": "Melanie Bush", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98100", "revid": "133633", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98100", "title": "Ace (Doctor Who)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98107", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98107", "title": "Romana (Doctor Who)", "text": "Romana, short for Romanadvoratrelundar, is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". She is a Time Lady from the planet Gallifrey, and she was a companion of the Fourth Doctor. Because she was a Time Lord, Romana was able to regenerate, having two on-screen incarnations with somewhat different personalities (called Romana I and Romana II by fans). Romana I was played by Mary Tamm from 1978 to 1979. When she became pregnant and chose not to return for another series, the part was recast. Romana II was played by Lalla Ward from 1979 to 1981.\nRomana I.\nThe White Guardian assigns Romana to help the Doctor during his quest for the Key to Time. Romana first appears in \"The Ribos Operation\", and was intended as a contrast to her predecessor, the savage Leela. Romana is initially haughty and somewhat arrogant, looking down on the Doctor (whom she considers to be her academic inferior; she obtained a triple first at the academy, while the Doctor passed with only 51 %, on his second attempt) and responding to his initial resentment at her presence with icy put-downs. However, she soon gains an appreciation for the Doctor's experience and sense of adventure, and begins to respect him as a teacher.\nRomana II.\nThe introduction of Romana's second incarnation in \"Destiny of the Daleks\", a script credited to Terry Nation, but with several changes by script editor Douglas Adams, treats the concept of regeneration humorously. At the beginning of the serial, Romana changes bodily forms several times, like she was trying on different clothes, before deciding to take the form of Princess Astra, who had been played by Lalla Ward in the final serial of Season 16, \"The Armageddon Factor\".\nRomana II enjoys a more intimate relationship with the Doctor than her first incarnation. Some fans have assumed that she had a romantic relationship with the Doctor although a relationship was never shown or intended by the writers. In many ways, she is the companion most like the Doctor - besides being of the same race and close to the same intelligence, she occasionally mimics his sense of style, wields her own sonic screwdriver and can occasionally get the better of him in moments of banter and more practical situations. As her practical experience develops, she also becomes more assured and capable in the situations she finds herself in.\nHer final television appearance was in \"Warriors' Gate\", where, along with the robot dog K-9, she leaves to forge her own path in the parallel universe of E-space. She also appears briefly in the 20th Anniversary special \"The Five Doctors\" through the reuse of footage from the uncompleted story \"Shada\" because Tom Baker refused to come back.\nAfter the departure of both Romana I and II, both versions of the character also appeared very briefly in flashback sequences during the Fourth Doctor's regeneration in \"Logopolis\" as well as the Fifth Doctor's mind-copy in \"Resurrection of the Daleks\".\nShe would also be mentioned in \"Castrovalva\" during the Fifth Doctor's post-regenerative confusion, as well as \"Arc of Infinity\", where the Fifth Doctor, in response to a reprimand from the High Council of Time Lords for \"leaving her behind\", retorts that she \"chose to remain in E-Space\".\nIn the new series the doctor says that all of the Time Lords apart from him were killed in the time war. Whether Romana was killed with the others, or is still alive in E-Space or elsewhere, has not been specifically established on screen.\nAppearances in other media.\nAn article by Russell T Davies in the \"Doctor Who Annual 2006\" states that Romana was President of the Time Lords during the Time War against the Daleks (see below), which ended with Gallifrey being destroyed. \nNovels.\nIn the licensed Virgin New Adventures novel \"Blood Harvest\" by Terrance Dicks, Romana II leaves E-Space and returns to Gallifrey with the help of the Seventh Doctor. In \"Goth Opera\" by Paul Cornell, from the complementary Missing Adventures series, she is given a seat on the High Council of Time Lords. In New Adventures' \"Happy Endings\", also by Cornell, it is revealed that Romana has become Lady President of Gallifrey. Romana's presidency is reflected in the later novels and in her appearances (voiced by Ward) in audio dramas from Big Finish Productions. Romana appears in independent charity novel Time's Champion, in the role of President of the Time Lords.\nIn the BBC Books Eighth Doctor Adventures novels, Romana undergoes a second regeneration, and her new incarnation (Romana III, whose appearance was modelled on silent movie actress Louise Brooks) is far less sympathetic and far more ruthless than the other two.\nAudio plays.\nRomana II appeared pseudonymously in a series of audio plays produced in the early 2000s by BBV. In this series, Lalla Ward played a character who appeared with K-9 in an unnamed parallel universe. This character is called the Mistress (which was what K-9 called Romana in the television series). Because of an unusual copyright situation in which BBV was able to license K-9 but not Romana or other \"Doctor Who\" elements, the Mistress is not explicitly called Romana. For similar reasons, the parallel universe (obviously intended to reflect Romana's exile in E-Space) is called a \"pocket universe\" in the series' packaging.\nIn Big Finish's regular line of \"Doctor Who\" audio stories, Ward joined the Sixth Doctor in \"The Apocalypse Element\", in which Romana is Lady President of Gallifrey. In \"Zagreus\", Romana II is forced to banish the Eighth Doctor from the universe as he has become a danger to it following his infection by the forces of \"anti-time\". Following on from this, she is featured in a number of audio plays with former Doctor companion Leela (played by Louise Jameson) under the umbrella title of \"Gallifrey\".\nThe series ends on a cliffhanger, with Gallifrey on the brink of economic and social collapse as well as in danger of being overrun by a Free Time virus, while most of the characters are trapped with no apparent means of escape."}
+{"id": "98108", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98108", "title": "K-9 (Doctor Who)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98109", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98109", "title": "Adric", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98110", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98110", "title": "Tegan Jovanka", "text": "Tegan Jovanka is a fictional character in the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". She was played by Janet Fielding. Tegan Jovanka was an Australian airline stewardess who was a companion of the Fourth and Fifth Doctors, she was a regular in the programme from 1981 to 1984. Tegan was the longest-serving companion in terms of years on the series (3 years, 1 month), although Jamie McCrimmon was in the most episodes and stories.\nCharacter history.\nTegan first appears in the Fourth Doctor's last serial, \"Logopolis\". On her way to Heathrow Airport to start her new job with Air Australia, her car suffers a flat tyre. She enters a roadside police box to seek help, but she enters and does not realise that it is the Doctor's Tardis. She is present when the Fourth Doctor falls from the Pharos Project radio telescope and regenerates into his fifth incarnation, and continues to travel with the doctor\nEventually, the chaos during the events of \"Resurrection of the Daleks\" prove too much and she chooses to leave the Doctor and Turlough and stay in 1984 London.\nTrivia.\nAccording to David Tennant's video diary of filming \"Doctor Who\" Series 3, John Barrowman (who plays Captain Jack Harkness in the 21st century series of \"Doctor Who\" and its spinoff \"Torchwood\") has a dog named Tegan, named after the companion."}
+{"id": "98111", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98111", "title": "Nyssa of Traken", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98112", "revid": "133633", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98112", "title": "Harry Sullivan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98113", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98113", "title": "Leela (Doctor Who)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98121", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98121", "title": "The Sarah Connor Chronicles", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98122", "revid": "731605", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98122", "title": "Stigma (botany)", "text": "A stigma is a part of a flower that gets pollen from pollinators such as bees. The stigma is part of the female reproductive part of a flower, the pistil. The stigma is on top of the style. The stigma can be either hairy or sticky, or both to trap pollen. When the pollen lands on the stigma, the pollen will grow a pollen tube down the style, and into the ovary of the pistil."}
+{"id": "98126", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98126", "title": "Sounding balloon", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98142", "revid": "9567237", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98142", "title": "Empress Dowager Cixi", "text": "Empress Dowager Cixi (November 29 1835 \u2013 November 15 1908), often known in China as the West Dowager Empress was from the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan.\nCixi was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the \"de facto\" ruler of the Manchu Qing dynasty and ruled over China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908. She was one of the wives of Emperor Xianfeng and also the mother of Emperor Tongzhi. She quickly took power after the death of Emperor Xianfeng. Though her exact origins are unclear it is very likely that she came from an ordinary Manchu family. She was chosen by Emperor Xianfeng as a concubine. She gained almost total control over the court at the start the rule of her son, Emperor Tongzhi. He and her nephew, Emperor Guangxu, attempted to rule in their own right.\nAs onesource tells it, Cixi had a partnership with the top concubine, Zhin, who had been raised to Empress. The two women ruled together, with Cixi being the dominant personality.\nShe was in charge during the Opium Wars, the First Sino-Japanese War, and the Boxer Rebellion. She was largely conservative during her rule, and some historians consider her reign despotism and think it might have been responsible for the fall of the Qing dynasty and therefore Imperial China."}
+{"id": "98146", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98146", "title": "0-0-0", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98147", "revid": "1618275", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98147", "title": "Human trafficking", "text": "Human trafficking (or Trafficking in human beings) is a way to exploit people. People are sold, bought, traded much like slaves , and are even sold to couples who don't have children. It is estimated to be a $5 to $9 billion-a-year industry. Trafficking victims typically are recruited by using force or because they are deceived, or fraud is used, power is abused, or they are simply abducted. Threats, violence, and economic problems can often make a victim consent to exploitation.\nHuman trafficking should not be confused with human smuggling.\nGeneral.\nExploitation includes forcing people into prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. For children exploitation may also include forced prostitution, illegal international adoption, trafficking for early marriage, or recruitment as child soldiers, beggars, for sports, such as child camel jockeys or football players, or for cults.\nThe norms based on international human rights law, such as Vienna Declaration and the Yogyakarta Principles prohibit human trafficking and Council of Europe and Charter of Fundamental Rights of European Union also prohibit them and do effort to save the victims.\nSex trafficking.\nSex trafficking is human trafficking, where the main idea is to trick or force people so they can be used for sexual needs. This is fundamentally different from sex work or prostitution. Prostitution and sex work is legal in many countries. Human trafficking is almost always illegal. \nVictims.\nMany are women, but it is not rare for men to also be trafficked. Their ages, ethnic and their socioeconomic background all vary. Still there are groups of people that are more high-risk.\nPerpetrators.\nIn 2017, researchers analyzed 1,416 child sex traffickers that were arrested in the United States in the past 10 years and it was found that 75.4% of traffickers are male and 24.4% are female. In average they were younger than 30 years. \nChild trafficking.\nChild trafficking is defined as the \"recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, and/or receipt\" of a child for the purpose of exploitation. The commercial sexual exploitation of children can take many forms. This includes forcing a child into Child prostitution or it can be other forms of sexual activity like child pornography. Exploitation may also involve forced labour or services like slavery. It can mean practices similar to slavery such as or the removal of organs, illegal adoption, or recruitment as child soldiers."}
+{"id": "98149", "revid": "1035196", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98149", "title": "Controversy", "text": "A controversy is a prolonged public dispute or debate, with people having different opinions. There may be several groups of people who have different opinions and who cannot agree. Examples for controversial topics are the question of whether abortion should be legal, or whether research on embryonic stem cells should be permitted. Controversies can happen when there is not a lot of understanding about a topic. A controversy may also happen when different people interpret the same information differently based on their own biases. \nAny opinion that has opposing sides or points of view can become a controversy. In the winter of 2015, consumers argued over the color and design of Starbucks Christmas cup. Some suggested a boycott of the coffee brand to protest."}
+{"id": "98154", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98154", "title": "German Trade Union Confederation", "text": "Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund is a confederation of German trade unions. It was a national trade union center of Germany.\nThe DGB hat 8 German trade unions with more than 7 million people (31.12.2004). It was founded in Munich in 12 October 1949."}
+{"id": "98159", "revid": "10041011", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98159", "title": "The Best Damn Thing (song)", "text": "\"The Best Damn Thing\" is the fourth single off the album The Best Damn Thing by Avril Lavigne. The song was released June 13, 2008."}
+{"id": "98160", "revid": "507729", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98160", "title": "Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft", "text": "ver.di is a large German trade union. It is the largest trade union in the world, with 2.6 million members. \"ver.di\" is an abbreviation for Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft, which means \"United Services Union.\"\nIn 2001 ver.di was formed when the Deutsche Angestellten Gewerkschaft (DAG) (\"German Salaried Employees\") merged with four unions of the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB) (DPG, HBV, \u00d6TV, IG Medien)."}
+{"id": "98164", "revid": "507729", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98164", "title": "Deutscher Beamtenbund", "text": "Deutscher Beamtenbund (dbb) (\"Civil Service Federation\") is a national trade union center of Germany. \nThe DBB was started in 1918 and organizes workers of public administration. \nDBB has a membership of 1,250,000 members. President is Peter Heesen"}
+{"id": "98165", "revid": "6926189", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98165", "title": "Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivf\u00fchrer", "text": "Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivf\u00fchrer (GDL) () is a trade union of Germany. Its president is Claus Weselsky , who took over from Manfred Schell in 2008.\nThe GDL has a membership of 34,000. Most members live in the old East Germany.\nGDL is a member of the Deutscher Beamtenbund (dbb)."}
+{"id": "98166", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98166", "title": "TRANSNET Gewerkschaft", "text": "TRANSNET, which stands for Transport, Service, and Networks, is a trade union in Germany. It represents 283,000 workers, and is one of eight industrial affiliations of the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB). Its president is Norbert Hansen."}
+{"id": "98174", "revid": "1522289", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98174", "title": "Can-can", "text": "The can-can \u2013 also spelled \"cancan\" \u2013 is a music hall dance, performed by a chorus line of female dancers who wear costumes with long skirts, petticoats, and black stockings, like the fashions of the 1890s. \nThe can-can was first danced in low class ballrooms of Montparnasse in Paris about 1830. The dancers of the 1890s, such as La Goulue and Jane Avril, were highly paid for their appearances at the Moulin Rouge and elsewhere. The female dancers of the Second French Empire and the fin de si\u00e8cle developed the various cancan moves.\nThe Galop from Jacques Offenbach's \"Orpheus in the Underworld\" is the tune most often played with the can-can (a somewhat simplified form and a more evolved one Can-Can (\"Orpheus in the Underworld\"). Performed on the accordion ).\nIn popular culture.\nThe can-can was adapted as an American movie titled \"Can Can\"(1960), acted by Frank Sinatra and Shirley MacLaine with music by Cole Porter."}
+{"id": "98176", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98176", "title": "Jacques Offenbach", "text": "Jacques Offenbach (20 June 1819, in Cologne \u2013 5 October 1880, in Paris) was a French composer and cellist of the Romantic era. He is seen as one of the originators of the operetta form. He was of German-Jewish descent. He was one of the most influential composers of popular music in Europe in the 19th century. Many of his works are still played today.\nOffenbach's many operettas, such as \"Orpheus in the Underworld\", and \"La belle H\u00e9l\u00e8ne\", were extremely popular both in France and elsewhere in the 1850s and 1860s. They combined political and cultural satire with witty grand opera parodies. His popularity in France declined in the 1870s after the fall of the Second Empire. He fled France, but during the last years of his life, his popularity came back. Several of his operettas are still performed. While his name remains most closely associated with the French operetta and the Second Empire, it is Offenbach's one fully operatic masterpiece, \"Les contes d'Hoffmann\" (\"The Tales of Hoffmann\"), composed at the end of his career, that has become the most familiar of Offenbach's works in major opera houses."}
+{"id": "98182", "revid": "1350807", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98182", "title": "Shane MacDougall", "text": "Shane MacDougall is a Canadian stand-up comedian, former columnist, television writer, and documentarian. Best known for his 1999 challenge to Queen Elizabeth II to a kickboxing match or math test for the monarchy of Canada, the challenge resulted in him receiving death threats but also brought much media attention to the burgeoning Canadian republican movement.\nHe is also known for The Dark Show, which in the late 1990s was Canada's longest running independent comedy show. Held at Toronto's famous Rivoli club, The Dark Show featured some of Canada's top comedians doing material on topics from school shootings to date rape, and also generated protests from some citizens.\nFor two years Shane was a comedy reporter and humorist for eye Weekly in Toronto, then in 2000 moved to New York City where he worked as a writer for various MTV shows. \nIn 2005, MacDougall completed filming on a documentary entitled \"Wiener Takes All\", which followed the competitive dachshund racing circuit. The documentary screened such venues as the San Francisco Documentary Film Festival, the 27th Atlantic Film Festival, BendFilm, the Laguna Beach Film Society/Museum of Art, and the Oklahoma City Museum of Art."}
+{"id": "98186", "revid": "750079", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98186", "title": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec", "text": "Comte Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Montfa (24 November 1864\u00a0\u2013 9 September 1901) was a French painter of the Post-Impressionist period. He was born into a noble family, but lived for most of his life among the actors, dancers and prostitutes of Paris. He is famous for painting the lives of these people, the entertainment of Paris, and many portraits. \nHe was expert at drawing and also made many printed posters to advertise entertainments.\nIn a 2005 auction at Christie's auction house a new record was set when \"La blanchisseuse\", an early painting of a young laundress, sold for $22.4 million U.S.\nBiography.\nYouth.\nHenri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa was born in Albi in the Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es region of France. He was the oldest child of Count Alphonse and Countess Ad\u00e8le de Toulouse-Lautrec. His mother and father were cousins. This is thought to have been a reason for his weakness and bad health. His younger brother was born on 28 August 1867, but died the following year.\nHenri had two accidents when he was 13 and 14. He fractured (broke) the thigh bones of both his legs. They took a long time to heal, and never grew again. No-one knows exactly what caused this problem. As an adult he had a man-sized body but child-sized legs and was 1.54 m (5 ft 1 in) tall,\nParis.\nAs a young man, Toulouse-Lautrec was not able to do many of the things that other men of his age liked doing. He had been good at drawing from the time he was a child. He spent his time drawing and painting instead of joining in sports and hunting. He travelled to Paris where he met other artists as well as writers, actors and dancers. The \"night life\" (entertainment) of Paris had so many colourful scenes and people to paint. His paintings are famous for showing the scenes of modern life in a way they had never been shown before. \nToulouse-Lautrec lived in Montmartre, a part of Paris that was famous for its \"bohemian\" people: artists, poets, philosophers and poor students. He was called \"the soul of Montmartre\". He often visited the nightclubs such as the Moulin Rouge. He also spent a lot of time at the brothels in that area, and lived for a time at the brothel at des Moulins where he was a good friend to many of the women there. \nToulouse-Lautrec painted scenes of the lives of these people, which were very shocking to some people in the polite society of Paris. As well as showing the dancing, singing, acting and circus performances that many people enjoyed, he also showed people in bed together, the sad faces of people who were addicts and the half-naked prostitutes lined up for STD medical examination. Many of his pictures were of women in lesbian relationships.\nHe painted the singer Yvette Guilbert, the dancer Jane Avril and the dancer Louise Weber, who was known as \"La Goulue\" (\"Greedy-Guts\"), famous for the leg-kicking dance called the \"Can-Can\", which is still danced at the \"Moulin Rouge\" to this day. Toulouse-Lautrec gave painting lessons to Suzanne Valadon, who was one of his models and may have also been his girlfriend. \nDeath.\nHenri Toulouse-Lautrec was an alcoholic for most of his adult life. He was put into a psychiatric hospital shortly before his death. He died from syphilis and problems caused by his alcoholism at his family's home in Malrom\u00e9. He was nearly 37 years old. He is buried in Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from his birthplace.\nThroughout his working life of less than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created 737 canvases, 275 watercolors, 363 prints and posters and 5,084 drawings. He also made some ceramics and stained glass After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, his mother, the Countess Ad\u00e8le Toulouse-Lautrec, and his art dealer Maurice Joyant made his art famous. His mother gave money for a museum of his works to be built in Albi, his birthplace.\nMovies.\nSeveral films have been made about Toulouse-Lautrec:"}
+{"id": "98201", "revid": "183741", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98201", "title": "Feeling", "text": "Feeling can mean:"}
+{"id": "98216", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98216", "title": "Alleghany County, North Carolina", "text": "Alleghany County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 10,888 people lived there. Its county seat is Sparta.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1859 from the eastern part of Ashe County, North Carolina.\nGovernment.\nAlleghany County is part of the High Country Council of Governments.\nWeather.\nSince it is in the mountains, Alleghany County has cooler summers than most other places in North Carolina. The temperature usually does not go above 85\u00a0\u00b0F in the summer. But in the winter the temperature is colder than most places in North Carolina.\nAdjacent Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Alleghany County:\nImportant Roads.\nThese are the biggest roads in Alleghany County:\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Alleghany County:"}
+{"id": "98225", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98225", "title": "Sparta, North Carolina", "text": "Sparta is a town in Alleghany County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,834 people as of the year 2020. It is the county seat of Alleghany County.\nTeapot Museum.\nThe Sparta Teapot Museum is being built right now and should be finished by the summer of 2008."}
+{"id": "98234", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98234", "title": "Anson County, North Carolina", "text": "Anson County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 22,055 people lived there. Its county seat is Wadesboro.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1750 from Bladen County.\nIn 1753, the northern part of Anson County became Rowan County. In 1762 the western part of the county became Mecklenburg County. In 1779 the northern part of the county became Montgomery County, and the part east of the Pee Dee River became Richmond County. And in 1842 the western part of Anson County was combined with the southeastern part of Mecklenburg County to make Union County.\nIn 1985 most of the movie The Color Purple (film), starring Oprah Winfrey and Whoopi Goldberg along with Danny Glover, was filmed in Anson county.\nGovernment.\nAnson County is part of the Centralina Council of Governments.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Anson County:\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Anson County"}
+{"id": "98240", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98240", "title": "Wadesboro, North Carolina", "text": "Wadesboro is a town in Anson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,008 people as of the year 2020. It is the county seat of Anson County."}
+{"id": "98243", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98243", "title": "Alexander County, North Carolina", "text": "Alexander County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 36,444 people lived there. Its county seat is Taylorsville.\nGovernment.\nAlexander County is part of the Western Piedmont Council of Governments.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Alexander County:\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Alexander County:"}
+{"id": "98246", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98246", "title": "Ashe County, North Carolina", "text": "Ashe County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 26,577 people lived there. Its county seat is Jefferson.\nHistory.\nNative Americans used to live in Ashe County. Pieces of broken pottery, arrowheads, and other Native American things have been found in the county.\nIn 1849, the southwestern part of Ashe County was combined with parts of Caldwell County, Wilkes County, and Yancey County to make Watauga County. In 1859, the eastern part of Ashe County became Alleghany County.\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Ashe County:\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Ashe County:"}
+{"id": "98249", "revid": "10462989", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98249", "title": "Long March", "text": "The Long March is the retreat of Mao Zedong and the Communists in 1934-35. The communists went to their stronghold away from Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists. Here they were able to join together and start fighting again to beat the Nationalists. They trekked 6,000 miles over 370 days, and only 8,000 survived out of 100,000 people. However, because they had survived such a difficult trial together the survivors were very dedicated and created a more cohesive group. Mao Zedong rose up as a leader during this time. \nBackground.\nBefore the Long March, China had two sides: the nationalists and the communists. Both sides wanted to rule the country. This brought the Chinese Civil War. Chinese nationalists used 500,000 soldiers to remove the communists from Jiang Xi. They failed four times before. Now the nationalists changed the way to attack the communists, using encirclement (make a circle around the enemy army) to stop them from running away. The Communists leader Borgu tried to fight 500,000 soldiers face to face. But the problem is that the Jianxi communists just had 86,000 soldiers and more than half of them just had a broadsword and no guns. They failed to push the nationalist army back, so they tried to go to meet another communist army in Shaanxi. \nHow it changed China\u2019s history.\nThe Long March was an important event in Chinese history. It made the China communists army survival and change the way they fight the capitalism. The communists also chose Mao Zedong to become the leader of the communists and all the communist aligned armies in China. Afterward, countryside living and guerilla warfare would be used to fight their Nationalist-faction enemies.\nThe Long March also made the nationalists follow the communists and kill some local warlord leaders so they controlled more parts of China. They followed the communists all the way to Shaanxi and killed a lot of soldiers so that after World War II, the communists had very few soldiers. They took four years to get more soldiers so they could win the civil war.\nDifferent opinions about the march's result.\nThe communists believed they won by making a lot of soldiers survive and successfully meet the Communists party in Shaanxi. They also said it is so successful to run away from 100,000 soldiers encirclement and about 200,000 soldiers hunt between the long march.\nThe Nationalists thought they were successful because the communists were running away from the battle and were forced to move to the other side of China. They killed at least half of the Red Army soldiers in China.\nThe reason they have different opinions is because their goals were very different: the Communists just wanted to survive the Nationalist army's attack. The Nationalists' goal was to destroy the Red Army in Jian Xi, making the communists weaker than before. It took the communists four years to rebuild their army and win the civil war."}
+{"id": "98251", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98251", "title": "Avery County, North Carolina", "text": "Avery County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 17,806 people lived there. Its county seat is Newland. It is known for growing Fraser Fir Christmas trees. Avery County is part of the High Council of Governments. \nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1911 from parts of Caldwell County, Mitchell County, and Watauga County. Avery County was the last county made in North Carolina.\nBordering counties.\nThese counties border, or connect to, Avery County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Avery County:"}
+{"id": "98253", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98253", "title": "Hersfeld-Rotenburg", "text": "Hersfeld-Rotenburg is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the east of Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nIn 1821 districts were created in Hesse, including the districts Hersfeld and Rotenburg, which stayed nearly unchanged after Hesse-Kassel was taken over by Prussia. In 1972 both districts were joined into one."}
+{"id": "98255", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98255", "title": "Rings of Rhea", "text": "The Saturnian moon Rhea may have a thin ring system with three narrow bands in a disk of solid particles. These would be the first rings seen around a moon. The discovery was announced in the journal \"Science\" on March 6 2008.\nIn November of 2005 the \"Cassini\" orbiter found that Saturn's magnetosphere near Rhea did not have energetic electrons. According to the discovery team, this is best explained by assuming they were absorbed by solid material in the form of an equatorial disk having denser rings or arcs, with particles perhaps many decimeters to about a meter in diameter.\nDetection.\n\"Voyager\" 1 saw an area without as many energetic electrons trapped in Saturn's magnetic field downstream from Rhea in 1980. These measurements, which were never explained, were made at a farther distance than the \"Cassini\" data.\nOn November 26, 2005, \"Cassini\" made the one targeted Rhea flyby of its primary mission. It passed within 500\u00a0km of Rhea's surface, downstream of Saturn's magnetic field, and saw the resulting plasma wake as it had with other moons, such as Dione and Tethys. In those cases, there was a cutoff of energetic electrons as \"Cassini\" crossed into the moons' plasma shadows (the regions where the moons themselves blocked the magnetospheric plasma from reaching \"Cassini).\" However, in the case of Rhea, the electron plasma started to drop off at eight times that distance, and decreased gradually until the expected sharp drop off as \"Cassini\" entered Rhea's plasma shadow. The extended distance corresponds to Rhea's Hill sphere, the distance of 7.7 times Rhea's radius inside of which orbits are dominated by Rhea's rather than Saturn's gravity. When \"Cassini\" emerged from Rhea's plasma shadow, the reverse pattern occurred: A sharp surge in energetic electrons, then a gradual increase out to Rhea's Hill-sphere radius.\nThese readings are similar to those of Enceladus, where water coming out from its south pole absorbs the electron plasma. However, in the case of Rhea, the absorption pattern is symmetrical.\nIn addition, the Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) saw that this gentle gradient was punctuated by three sharp drops in plasma flow on each side of the moon, a pattern that was also nearly symmetric.\nIn August 2007, \"Cassini\" passed through Rhea's plasma shadow again, but farther downstream. Its readings were similar to those of \"Voyager\" 1.\nThere are no images or direct sightings of the material thought to be absorbing the plasma, but the likely candidates would be difficult to detect directly. Further sightings are planned for \"Cassini\"'s first mission extension, with a targeted flyby scheduled for March 2, 2010.\nInterpretation.\n\"Cassini\"'s flyby path makes interpretation of the magnetic readings difficult.\nThe obvious candidates for magnetospheric plasma-absorbing matter are neutral gas and dust, but the quantities required to explain the seen decrease in electrons are far higher than \"Cassini\"'s measurements allow. Therefore the finders, led by Geraint Jones of the \"Cassini\" MIMI team, argue that the decrease of electrons must be caused by solid particles orbiting Rhea: \nAn analysis of the electron data indicates that this obstacle is most likely in the form of a low optical depth disk of material near Rhea\u2019s equatorial plane and that the disk contains solid bodies up to ~1 m in size.\nThe simplest explanation for the symmetrical punctuations in plasma flow are \"extended arcs or rings of material\" orbiting Rhea in its equatorial plane. These symmetric dips bear some similarity to the way by which the Rings of Uranus were found in 1977.\nHowever, not all scientists are convinced that the seen signatures are caused by a ring system. No rings have been seen in images, which puts a very low limit at least on tiny dust-sized particles. Furthermore, a ring made of boulders would be expected to generate dust that would likely have been seen in the images.\nHistory.\nSimulations suggest that solid bodies can stably orbit Rhea near its equatorial plane over astronomical timescales. They may not be stable around Dione and Tethys because those moons are so much closer to Saturn, and therefore have much smaller Hill spheres, or around Titan because of drag from its dense atmosphere.\nMany suggestions have been made for the possible origin of rings. An impact could have brought material into orbit; this could have happened as recently as 70 million years ago. A small body could have been disrupted when caught in orbit about Rhea. In either case, the debris would eventually have settled into circular equatorial orbits. Given their long-term orbital stability, however, it is possible that they survive from the formation of Rhea itself.\nFor different rings to exist, something must separate them. Suggestions include moonlets or clumps of material within the disk, similar to those seen within Saturn's A ring."}
+{"id": "98257", "revid": "888555", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98257", "title": "Werra-Mei\u00dfner-Kreis", "text": "Werra-Mei\u00dfner is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1974 by merging the two district Eschwege and Witzenhausen, which both existed with only slight modifications since 1821.\nGeography.\nThe main river in the district is the Werra. The \"Hohe Mei\u00dfner\" with is the highest of the \"Mei\u00dfner\" mountains. The river and the mountain gave the district its name.\nThe Hohe Mei\u00dfner was also home to USA military forces up to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Soldiers of the Special Forces guarded the eavesdropping listening post situated on the hilltop."}
+{"id": "98258", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98258", "title": "Wake county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98259", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98259", "title": "Durham county, nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98260", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98260", "title": "Nash county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98261", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98261", "title": "Franklin county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98263", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98263", "title": "Granville county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98264", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98264", "title": "Johnston county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98265", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98265", "title": "Harnett county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98266", "revid": "9200362", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98266", "title": "Waldeck-Frankenberg", "text": "Waldeck-Frankenberg is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany.\nHistory.\nThe district was created in 1972 by merging the two districts Frankenberg and Waldeck. Most of the area of the district was previously part of the old principality of Waldeck."}
+{"id": "98267", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98267", "title": "Chatham county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98269", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98269", "title": "Carteret county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98272", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98272", "title": "Alleghany county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98273", "revid": "14787", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98273", "title": "Anson county nc", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98274", "revid": "9200350", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98274", "title": "Schwalm-Eder-Kreis", "text": "Schwalm-Eder is a \"Kreis\" (district) in the north of Hesse, Germany.\nPartnerships.\nThe district has partnerships with\nGeography.\nThe two rivers Schwalm and Eder gave the district its name."}
+{"id": "98278", "revid": "9939718", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98278", "title": "Velvet Revolver", "text": "Velvet Revolver (VR), was a Grammy Award-winning rock supergroup that started in 2002. The members of the band were three Guns N' Roses band members Slash (lead guitar), Duff McKagan (bass, backing vocals) and Matt Sorum (drums, backing vocals) and Wasted Youth bassist Dave Kushner (rhythm guitar). Stone Temple Pilots' Scott Weiland was previously the lead singer. He joined the band after Stone Temple Pilots broke up in 2003. The band got success with their first album \"Contraband\" in 2004 and released their second album \"Libertad\" in 2007. Scott left the band in 2008, though he did one more one-off show with the band in 2012. Velvet Revolver had had several searches for a new singer since then, but had yet to announce a replacement."}
+{"id": "98280", "revid": "10290684", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98280", "title": "Manchu people", "text": "The Manchu people are a Tungusic people who came from Manchuria (today's Northeastern China). In ancient times they were called \"Juchen\". During their rise in the seventeenth century they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, which established a republican government in its place.\nThe Qing Dynasty required by law that all males must wear a hairstyle called the Manchu queue, in which men had to shave the front of their heads and wear a long braid on the back of their heads.\nthe Jurchens (Manchus) were former Ming subjects but were rejecting their previous status and revolting when Nurhaci declared the Later Jin dynasty in 1616 and his Seven Grievances in 1618 calling for revenge against the Ming killing his father and grandfather.\nLocal Han civilian militias were used by the Qing government during the White Lotus rebellion instead of using extra Manchu bannermen.\nManchu bannermen and Mongol Bannermen in the banner garrison of Zhenjiang, including the Manchu banner commander Hailong, committed suicide after slaughtering their own wives and children after the British defeated them in the Battle of Chinkiang in 1842. The Manchu bannermen of the banner garrison in Zhapu killed their own wives and children before committing suicide after the British defeated them in the Battle of Chapu in 1842 while the non-banner Han Chinese soldiers did not commit suicide and stayed alive. Han Green Standard Army soldiers abandoned the Manchu bannermen to die. British witnesses said that the Manchu population of the Zhenjiang garrison was effectively extinct as the corpses of Manchu men, women and children littered the garrison. \"Dead bodies of Tartars in every house we entered, principally women and children thrown into wells or otherwise murdered by their own people. A great number of those who escaped our fire committed suicide after destroying their families; the loss of life has been appalling, and it may be said that the Manchu race in this city is extinct.\"\nIn Zhenjiang, As the Manchu garrison had been in the habit of calling the Chinese .6 disloyalists , \u201d the Fu Kien braves sided with the enemy and set fire to the town . The foreigners then got over the wall and burnt the Manchu quarter, the Assistant Tartar-General and the Acting Sub-Prefect losing their lives, and the taotai escaping to Kashing, which place, as also Hangchow, was now threatened too. Han Chinese civilians gathered to watch the British kill the Manchus in the battle of Zhenjiang, even brining bowls of rice while spectating : \"... and their fellow - countrymen , and in danger themselves , from their position , of being shot , were coolly employed eating their bowls of rice .\" The British observed the Manchus killing their own children and wives and committing suicide as they lost : \u201cAs we marched along the walls, I saw, what as a novice in this description of warfare shocked me much, old men, women and children, cutting each other's throats, and drowning themselves by the dozen; and no one either attempting or apparently showing any inclination to save the poor wretches, nor in fact regarding them with more notice than they would a dead horse carried through the streets of London to the kennel.\" \u201c After we had forced our way over piles of furniture, placed to barricade the door, we entered an open court strewed with rich stuffs and covered with clotted blood; and upon the steps leading to the hall of ancestors,' there were two bodies of youthful Tartars cold and stiff, much alike, apparently brothers. Having gained the threshold of their abode, they had died where they had fallen, from the loss of blood. Stepping over these bodies, we entered the hall, and met, face to face, three women seated, a mother and two daughters; and at their feet lay to bodies of elderly men, with their throats cut from ear to ear, their senseless heads resting upon the feet of their relations. To the right were two yonng girls, beautiful and delicate, crouching over, and endeavoring to conceal a living soldier.\"\nSouthern Han Chinese coolies helped the British and French destroy Qing Manchu Eight Banner armies at the Battle of Taku Forts (1860).\n25,000 Manchus were slaughtered by Taiping forces in Nanjing.\nAt the Temple of Heaven all seven daughters of the Manchu official Yulu were gang raped on August 11 by Eight Nation Alliance soldiers after Yulu committed suicide.\nWomen's chastity was guarded by keeping them in the inner quarters of the house in Han culture and Manchus adopted this practice from Han after the Qing was founded.\nThe Manchu are still a separate ethnicity from the Han Chinese and are categorized as a separate ethnic minority by the government of China but the majority of Manchus no longer speak their own language much as the majority of the Irish people remain separate from English but speak English as their first language."}
+{"id": "98283", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98283", "title": "Kristanna Loken", "text": "Kristanna Sommer Loken or Kristanna Sommer L\u00f8ken (born October 8, 1979) is an American actress known for her work in both film and television, and a former fashion model. She is perhaps known as T-X from the movie (2003) and Rayne from the movie Bloodrayne (2006).\nAll of Loken's four grandparents were immigrants to the United States from Norway. She is openly bisexual."}
+{"id": "98295", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98295", "title": "Geneva", "text": "Geneva (, , , , ) is the second biggest city in Switzerland. Only Z\u00fcrich is bigger. Geneva is the biggest city in Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland).\nGeneva is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva. It is situated where the Rh\u00f4ne River leaves Lake Geneva (called in French \"Lac L\u00e9man\").\nGeneva is a very important financial and diplomatic center. There are many international organizations in Geneva, including the United Nations and the Red Cross. A 2009 survey states that Geneva has the third highest quality of living in the world (narrowly outranked by Z\u00fcrich).\nInternationally, Geneva is strongly associated with the Geneva Conventions.\nHistory.\n\"Geneva\" was first written about as a border town, set up to protect the Roman Empire against the Helvetii. The Romans took the city in 120 B.C. In A.D. 443 it was taken by Burgundy, and with the latter fell to the Franks in 534. In 888, the town was part of the new Kingdom of Burgundy, and with it was taken over in 1033 by the German Emperor.\nFrom 1154 the bishops of Geneva had the status of prince of the Holy Roman Empire, but the counts of Geneva and later the counts of Savoy were \"guardians\", always ready to take over from the bishops. In 1290, the counts of Savoy got the right to appoint a deputy ruler (vice-dominus) of the diocese, the title of Vidame of Geneva was granted to the family of count Fran\u00e7ois de Candie of Chamb\u00e9ry-Le-Vieux a Chatellaine of the Savoy. The \"vidominus\" or Curia Viscount of Geneva, had legal and financial powers over the town, under the control of the Bishop and the Duchy of Savoy.\nIn 1387, Bishop Adh\u00e9mar Fabry granted the town its great charter, the basis of its communal self-government, which every bishop on his accession was expected to confirm. The last Count of Geneva died in 1394, and the House of Savoy took over their land. In 1416, the counts became dukes, and kept trying to bring the city of Geneva under their control, often by making members of their own family to Bishops of Geneva. The city protected itself by joining the Swiss Federation (\"Eidgenossenschaft\"), uniting itself in 1426 with Berne and Fribourg.\nIn the Protestant Reformation Bern favoured the new Protestant teaching and demanded liberty of preaching for the Reformers Guillaume Farel and Antoine Froment, but Catholic Fribourg renounced in its union with Geneva in 1511. Later the Protestant leader John Calvin was based in Geneva from 1536 to his death in 1564.\nAt the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) the territory of Geneva was enlarged to cover 15 Savoyard and 6 French parishes, with more than 16,000 Catholics; at the same time it became a part of the Swiss Confederation. The treaty said that Catholic religion was to be protected, and that no changes were to be made without agreement with the Holy See. Later, Pope Pius VII made the cities of Geneva and Lausanne a new diocese of and part of Geneva diocese that was in France part of the French diocese of Annecy.\nThe Protestant and Old Catholic churches got money from the city taxes, but the Roman Catholics did not. On 30 June 1907, most of the Catholics of Geneva voted for the separation of Church and State.\nGeography.\nGeneva is located at 46\u00b012' North, 6\u00b009' East, at the south-western end of Lake Geneva, where the lake meets the Rh\u00f4ne River. It is surrounded by two mountain chains, the Alps and the Jura.\nThe city of Geneva has an area of . The area of the Canton of Geneva is .\nThe altitude of Geneva is 373.6 m. This is the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton, two large rocks in the lake that are used as a reference point for surveying in Switzerland.\nThe second main river of Geneva is the Arve River which flows into the Rh\u00f4ne River just west of the city centre.\nClimate.\nGeneva has a temperate oceanic climate (\"Cfb\" in the K\u00f6ppen climate classification). Winters are cool and generally a little cloudy. During the winter, it is possible to have several days without thawing, and a day or two with severe freezes where the thermometer displays -10\u00a0\u00b0C. There are several days each month when, if anticyclonic conditions are stable, the clouds may stay for several days. From March, with temperatures rising it feels like summer in late May. However, the rain intensifies and often has a stormy character during the month of May. These may be short but strong storms depositing several centimetres of rain within just a few minutes. Summers are often hot and rather humid, although some may be more changeable, the mornings remain relatively fresh. During the summer season, the rains are less frequent but more intense. This is the season where you most likely get thunderstorms with hail. If the weather in early September is still hot, it cools down quickly to become really cold in November. The morning frosts are then reappearing. Autumn is also the season of mists, and the month of October is often the month with the most fog in the year. The fog can be very intense, restricting vision to less than 100 m in the areas outside the city.\nThe highest temperature ever recorded in Geneva was on 7 July 2015.\nCulture.\nMedia.\nThe city's main newspaper is the Tribune de Gen\u00e8ve, a daily newspaper founded on 1 February 1879 by James T. Bates, with a readership of about 187,000.\nLe Courrier, founded in 1868, was originally supported by the Roman Catholic Church, but has been completely independent since 1996. Mainly focused on Geneva, Le Courrier is trying to expand into other cantons in Romandy. Both Le Temps (headquartered in Geneva) and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva, but both actually cover the whole of Romandy.\nGeneva is covered by the various French language radio networks of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, in particular the Radio Suisse Romande. While these networks cover the whole of Romandy, special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local frequencies in the case of special events such as elections. Other local station broadcast from the city, including RadioLac (FM 91.8\u00a0MHz), Radio Cit\u00e9 (Non-commercial radio, FM 92.2\u00a0MHz), OneFM (FM 107.0\u00a0MHz, also broadcast in Vaud), and World Radio Geneva (FM 88.4\u00a0MHz), Switzerland's only English-language radio station.\nThe main television channel covering Geneva is the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9vision Suisse (RTS); while its headquarters are in Geneva, the programmes cover the whole of French-speaking Switzerland. L\u00e9man Bleu is a local TV channel, founded in 1996 and distributed by cable. Because Geneva is nearly surrounded by France, many French television and radio channels can be picked up in Geneva.\nEntertainment.\nTheatre\nMost theatre in Geneva is in French, however there are several companies that stage regular English productions.\nCinema\nMovie going is a favorite activity in Geneva and there are plenty of theaters throughout the city. Most movies are dubbed into French. Because of the number of English speakers in the city movies may also be subtitled.\nRestaurants\nIn has over 1,000 restaurants, so it is the undisputed capital of cuisine in Switzerland. However eating out can be expensive, and many people drive the few kilometres over the border into France where prices are lower.\nTraditions and customs.\nSince 1818, a particular chestnut tree is used as the official \"herald of the spring\" in Geneva. The \"sautier\" (secretary of the Parliament of the Canton of Geneva) observes the tree and notes the day of arrival of the first bud. While this event has no practical impact, the sautier issues a formal press release and the local newspaper will usually mention the news. In 2007, the first bud appeared on 2 March.\nGeneva celebrates Jeune genevois on the first Thursday following a Sunday in September. By local tradition, this commemorates when the news of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of Huguenots reached Geneva. The Genevois (people of Geneva) joke that the federal equivalent holiday, \"Jeune f\u00e9d\u00e9ral\", is celebrated two weeks later on account of the rest of the country being a bit slow on the uptake.\nGenevans also traditionally celebrate the failure of a Savoyard attempt to invade the city in 1602. The celebration, which takes place in December, is called L'Escalade, and includes a parade in the Old Town, a marathon, and numerous costume parties across the city. Inhabitants generally eat vegetable stew to commemorate a fictional character called M\u00e8re Royaume who is said to have thrown boiling hot soup on the Duke of Savoy's men when they were climbing the walls of the city during the night (hence the name L'Escalade, which means \"the climb\" in French). Traditionally, children are encouraged to knock on people's doors and sing songs in old Genevan, while teenagers generally throw eggs and flour at each other. Another tradition is to cross a pot made of chocolate filled with marzepan vegetables while saying \"and so perished the enemies of the Republic\".\nSports.\nThe main sport team in Geneva is Servette FC, a football club founded in 1890 and named after a borough on the right bank of the Rh\u00f4ne River. Servette was the only club to have remained in the top league in Switzerland since its creation in the 1930s; however, in 2005, management problems caused the bankruptcy of the club's parent company, causing the club to be demoted two divisions lower. It is now playing in second division. Geneva is also home of the Gen\u00e8ve-Servette Hockey Club, who play in the Swiss National League.\nLocal government.\nThe city of Geneva is divided into 8 \"quartiers\" or districts, often made up of several conglomerated neighborhoods. On the Left Bank (Rive Gauche) these include Jonction, Centre / Plainpalais / Acacias, Eaux-Vives and Champel while the Right Bank includes Saint-Jean / Charmilles, Servette / Petit-Saconnex, Grottes / Saint-Gervaise and Paquis / Nations.\nDemographics.\nAs of 2005, the population of the Commune (city) of Geneva was 185,028, while 441,000 people lived in the Canton of Geneva; around 960,000 people live in the Geneva urban community, which extends into Vaud Canton and neighbouring France.\nThe population of the Canton is split between 148,500 people originally from Geneva (33.7%), 122,400 Swiss from other cantons (27.6%) and 170,500 foreigners (38.7%), from 180 different countries. Including people holding multiple citizenship, 54.4% of people living in Geneva hold a foreign passport.\nWhile Geneva is usually considered a Protestant city, there are now more Roman Catholics (39.5%) than Protestants (17.4%) living in the Canton. 22% of the inhabitants claim not to be religious, the rest being shared between Islam (4.4%), Judaism (1.1%), other religions and people who did not respond.\nEconomy.\nGeneva's economy is mainly services oriented. The city has an important and old finance sector, which is specialized in private banking (managing assets of about 1 trillion USD) and financing of international trade. It is also an important centre of commodity trade.\nGeneva hosts the international headquarters of companies like JT International (JTI), Mediterranean Shipping Company, Serono, SITA, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Surveillance and STMicroelectronics. Many other multinational companies like Caterpillar, DuPont, Electronic Arts, Hewlett-Packard, INVISTA, Procter & Gamble and Sun Microsystems have their European headquarters in the city too.\nThere is a long tradition of watchmaking (Baume et Mercier, Chopard, Franck Muller, Patek Philippe, Rolex, Raymond Weil, Omega, etc.). Two major international producers of flavours and fragrances, Firmenich and Givaudan, have their headquarters and main production facilities in Geneva.\nMany people also work in the numerous offices of international organizations in Geneva (about 24,000 in 2001).\nGeneva Motor Show is one of the most important international auto-shows. The show is held at Palexpo, a giant convention centre located next to the International Airport. The show is so important that the Jet d'Eau is switched on for longer than usual because of all the visitors in the city during the show.\nInfrastructure.\nTransport.\nThe city is served by the Geneva Cointrin International Airport. It is connected to both the Swiss railway network SBB-CFF-FFS, and the French SNCF network, including direct connections to Paris, Marseille and Montpellier by TGV. Geneva is also connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland (A1 motorway) and France.\nPublic transport by bus, trolleybus or tram is provided by \"Transports Publics Genevois\" (TPG). In addition to an extensive coverage of the city centre, the network covers most of the municipalities of the Canton, with a few lines extending into France. Public transport by boat is provided by the Mouettes Genevoises, which link the two banks of the lake within the city, and by the \"Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Navigation sur le lac L\u00e9man\" (CGN) which serves more distant destinations such as Nyon, Yvoire, Thonon, Evian, Lausanne and Montreux using both modern diesel vessels and vintage paddle steamers.\nTrains operated by SBB connect the airport to the main station of Cornavin in six minutes, and carry on to towns such as Nyon, Lausanne, Fribourg, Montreux, Neuch\u00e2tel, Berne, Sion, Sierre, etc. Regional train services are being increasingly developed, towards Coppet and Bellegarde. At the city limits, two new stations have been created since 2002: Gen\u00e8ve-S\u00e9cheron (close to the UN and the Botanical Gardens) and Lancy-Pont-Rouge.\nIn 2005, work started on the CEVA (Cornavin - Eaux-Vives - Annemasse) project, first planned in 1884, which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital, the Eaux-Vives station and Annemasse, in France. The link between the main station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists; from there, the line will go mostly underground to the Hospital and the Eaux-Vives, where it will link up to the existing line to France. Support for this project was obtained from all parties in the local parliament.\nTaxis in Geneva can be difficult to find, and may need to be booked in advance especially in the early morning or at peak hours. In addition, which may be surprising in a modern country like Switzerland, taxis often refuse to take babies and children.\nEducation.\nThe University of Geneva was founded by John Calvin in 1559. The International School of Geneva is the oldest international school in the world. It was founded in 1924 along with the League of Nations.\nGeneva is also home to one of the most prestigious graduate schools of international relations, the Graduate Institute of International Studies. Other international schools include the International School of Geneva and Institut International de Lancy (founded in 1903).\nThe Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations is a private university located on the grounds of the Ch\u00e2teau de Penthes, an old castle with a park and view of Lac Leman.\nThe Canton of Geneva's public school system has \"\u00e9coles primaires\" (4-12), \"cycles d'orientation\" (12-15), and the post-obligatory \"coll\u00e8ges\" (15-19), the oldest of which is the Coll\u00e8ge Calvin. It is housed in the ancient buildings of the University of Geneva, and could be considered one of the oldest public schools in the world.\nGeneva also has a wide choice of reputed private schools.\nCommunities.\nAs the Geneva authorities say, the history of the city is closely related to that of the foreign communities. Ever since the migration of foreigners to Geneva, these communities have found refuge, bringing their know-how, their customs and hope of a new life. They have widely participated in the international influence of Geneva, to its economic prosperity, and also to the spreading of views and of science. \nLGBT community.\nMany other communities or minorities are also very well represented in Geneva, including sexual minorities, with no less than three organizations: Dialogai, a gay organization; Lestime, a lesbian organization; and association 360, an LGBT organization. The Gay International Group (Geneva, Switzerland) is a good resource for gay foreigners, tourists or expatriates. Also, a new LGBT group has debuted within the University of Geneva itself, called \"Think Out\". This group addresses students and professors linked directly or indirectly with the matter of sexual diversity.\nReligious communities.\nThere are a lot of different communities in Geneva. Even if Geneva is supposed to be the Protestant Rome, many religions are represented in Geneva. The Plymouth Brethren have a thriving assembly there, established since the days of John Nelson Darby. Besides the Protestants, the Catholic religion becomes more influential thanks to immigration from Latin countries. The Jewish community is one of the oldest of Switzerland, and the more recent Muslim community is emerging in this tolerant city.\nInternational organizations.\nGeneva is the seat of the European headquarters of the United Nations and of many other inter-governmental organizations, including:\nGeneva was the seat of the League of Nations between 1919 and the league's dissolution in 1946. It was first housed in the Palais Wilson, and then in the Palais des Nations, which now hosts the United Nations. Numerous international non-governmental organizations have also elected Geneva as their headquarters, including:"}
+{"id": "98299", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98299", "title": "Ring fort", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98301", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98301", "title": "Balneario Camboriu", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98302", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98302", "title": "Chapeco", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98305", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98305", "title": "Einsatzgruppe", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98316", "revid": "9735110", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98316", "title": "Concubinage", "text": "Concubinage is the state of a woman in a relationship with a man of higher social status that gives her less rights than a marriage. In most of the cases the man has an official wife and one or more concubines. Concubines have only limited rights of support from the man, and their children have lower status than children born by the official wife or wives; these legal rights distinguish a concubine from a mistress. \nHistorically, the family of a girl were in favour of a concubinage with a mighty man, as it brought economic security. But concubinage could also mean sexual slavery.\nHistorically, sexual relations with concubines, who are known as \u201cthose whom your right hands possess\u201d in the Qur'an, was permissible in Islam. However, most modern Muslims believe that Islam no longer permits concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage.\nIn the Western world there is no legal status of concubines, as only monogamous marriages are recognized. Any other relationship does not enjoy legal protection; the woman is necessarily a mistress."}
+{"id": "98318", "revid": "958837", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98318", "title": "Mistress (lover)", "text": "A mistress is a man's long term female sexual partner and companion who is not married to him. This term is especially used when the man is married to another woman. The relationship is generally stable; however, the couple do not live together openly. Also, the relationship is usually but not always secret. Rather often the man is paying for some of the woman's living expenses. A mistress has no legal relationship to the man, that makes the difference to the status of a concubine.\nThe term can also be used to describe the \"other\" companion in a female same-sex marriage. Likewise, a woman may be married to a man and have a mistress of her own.\nDefinition.\nHistorically, the term was used for women who could afford a comfortable lifestyle, because a wealthy man financed that so that she will be available for his sexual pleasure. Such a woman could move between the roles of a mistress and a courtesan. Today however, the word \"mistress\" is used primarily to refer to the female companion of a man who is married to another woman; in the case of an unmarried man it is usual to speak of a \"girlfriend\".\nThe historically best known and most researched mistresses are the royal mistresses of European monarchs, for example Madame de Pompadour. \nIn the courts of Europe, particularly Versailles and Whitehall in the 17th and 18th centuries, a mistress often had great power and influence. A king might hold numerous mistresses but have a single \"favourite mistress\" or \"official mistress\" (in French, \"ma\u00eetresse en titre\"), as with Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour."}
+{"id": "98322", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98322", "title": "Canton of Geneva", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98326", "revid": "9507674", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98326", "title": "Eastern Front", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98327", "revid": "7425227", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98327", "title": "Italian Campaign", "text": "Italian Campaign can mean the following:"}
+{"id": "98328", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98328", "title": "Italian Front", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98336", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98336", "title": "Gaia online", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98337", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98337", "title": "List of counties in Wisconsin", "text": "The following is a list of the counties of Wisconsin:"}
+{"id": "98347", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98347", "title": "Criciuma", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98348", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98348", "title": "Moomba Waterfest", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98352", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98352", "title": "List of record labels starting with M", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98353", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98353", "title": "List of record labels starting with N", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98354", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98354", "title": "List of record labels starting with O", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98355", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98355", "title": "List of record labels starting with P", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98356", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98356", "title": "Invent", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98357", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98357", "title": "List of record labels starting with Q", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98358", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98358", "title": "List of record labels starting with R", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98359", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98359", "title": "List of record labels starting with S", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98362", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98362", "title": "List of record labels starting with T", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98363", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98363", "title": "List of record labels starting with U", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98364", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98364", "title": "List of record labels starting with V", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98365", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98365", "title": "List of record labels starting with W", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98366", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98366", "title": "List of record labels starting with X", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98367", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98367", "title": "List of record labels starting with Y", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98368", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98368", "title": "List of record labels starting with Z", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98370", "revid": "1678920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98370", "title": "Eastern Front (World War I)", "text": "The Eastern Front of World War I was the theatre in which Germany and Austria-Hungary fought against the Russian Empire. Planning places to concentrate forces was very important because there were few railways on the Eastern Front, and troops could not be moved and reinforced as quickly as on the Western Front. \nRussia lost many battles, but its overall situation improved as Russia improved its forces, and more and more allies entered the war. The Eastern Front ended when the Russian Civil War broke out in 1917. The communists signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany so that they could focus on winning the civil war."}
+{"id": "98376", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98376", "title": "Gibbon", "text": "Gibbons belong to the group of lesser apes. They are known for their ability to swing from one tree to another with great agility and swiftness. \nThere are four genera of gibbons. Gibbons live in dense tropical forests, for example, in Sumatra, Thailand, and Malaysia.\nExtraordinary abilities.\nGibbons are the best tree travelers in the animal kingdom. They almost seem to be flying as they swing themselves hand over hand through the trees. Like great apes, gibbons can also walk upright on the ground. When they walk on the ground, gibbons hold their long arms in the air to keep them from dragging.\nGibbons are \"singers\" too. Their powerful voices travel for kilometers through the forests of Southeast Asia. At times, a male, a female, and their young get together and \"sing\" in a chorus. These sounds help groups of gibbons stay in contact. They also tell unwelcome visitors to stay away.\nGibbons stay busy for most of the day. They swing through the trees, looking for leaves, flowers, fruit, and insects to eat. When night falls, small groups settle down in familiar trees for the night.\nMale and female.\nUnlike most other primates, male and female gibbons are not very different in size and shape, although they may differ in color. The males are usually black, while the females tend to be ash blond. Female gibbons have one offspring per gestation period and live about 25 years.\nTaxonomy.\nThe family is divided into four genera based on their diploid chromosome number: \"Hylobates\" (44), \"Hoolock\" (38), \"Nomascus\" (52), and \"Symphalangus\" (50)."}
+{"id": "98406", "revid": "1633172", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98406", "title": "Same-sex marriage", "text": "Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage and homosexual marriage) is a relationship in which two people of the same sex (same gender) live together as a family in a governmentally, socially, or religiously recognized marriage. Access to same-sex marriage is sometimes called \"marriage equality\", especially by supporters.\nCurrent status.\nMarriage under civil law is presently available to same-sex couples in the following countries: Andorra Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark (including Greenland and Faroe Islands), Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands (Netherlands proper; pending in Aruba and Cura\u00e7ao), New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay. In Ecuador, Taiwan and some states in Mexico, same sex married couples are not allowed to adopt children the way other married couples are.\nThe Netherlands was the first country in modern times to allow marriages of two people of the same sex, in 2001. Same-sex marriage became legal everywhere in the United States in 2015. The Supreme Court ruled that not allowing same-sex couples to marry was unconstitutional. There are various faiths that practise same-sex marriages, including Eckankar, Wicca, Unitarian Universalism, Raelism, and Native American religions with a two-spirit tradition.\nNetherlands.\nIn the Netherlands, a same-sex marriage law does not actually exist. Back in 2001, the existing (normal) marriage law was 'only' changed, so that it now includes marriage of same-sex partners. This means that same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is not different from a normal marriage; it's exactly the same. The Dutch law says the following:\n\u2014Dutch civil law, book 1, article 30\nThat is consistent with the first article of the Dutch civil law, and with the Dutch constitution:\nCivil unions.\nThe first same-sex union in modern history was recognized by the government in Denmark in 1989. It provided many of the right of marriage, but not all. \nCivil unions, civil partnership, domestic partnership, unregistered partnership/unregistered co-habitation or registered partnerships that offer some of the benefits of marriage are available in the following countries and territories that do not provide same-sex marriage: Andorra, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Hungary (unregistered co-habitation since 1996; registered partnership from 2009), Israel, Italy, Veracruz in Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, and the UK possession of the Cayman Islands.\nAdoption.\nSame-sex marriage does not always mean marriage equality. In many countries, adoption law and reproductive rights are independent of marriage law. For example, same-sex couples may be allowed to marry, and \"married\" couples may be allowed to adopt children, but same-sex married couples may not be allowed to adopt. This was the situation in Portugal for several years. Currently (2023), same-sex married couples are prevented from adopting children in Ecuador, Taiwan, and several states of Mexico. On the other hand, a few countries have allowed same-sex couples to adopt children, even while they do not allow them to marry. Usually these countries have civil unions. An example in 2022 is Croatia.\nControversy.\nThe controversy over recognition of same-sex unions as marriages is a very important part of a larger debate about the definition of a family. Same-sex marriage is not considered as valid by many religions. Many others, however, see same-sex marriage as important for all people to be equal. They sometimes say that religions and law (Defense of Marriage Act, for example) who do not support same-sex marriage are intolerant (they do not show respect to other peoples' beliefs). Additionally, people married in civil unions usually do not enjoy all the benefits (lower taxes, health insurance etc.).\nOrganizations involved in same sex marriage.\nVarious organizations exist in part to support the rights of homosexual or gay men and women to marry people of the same sex. One organization is the Human Rights Campaign or HRC."}
+{"id": "98408", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98408", "title": "Chiron (hypothetical moon)", "text": "Chiron is the name given to a moon of Saturn claimed to be sighted by Hermann Goldschmidt in 1861 which he said, orbited between Titan and Hyperion. But it has since been determined that it does not exist as it was never seen again for more than 100 years.\nIt is now known as a centaur, which was found in 1977, named 2060 Chiron."}
+{"id": "98411", "revid": "1601409", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98411", "title": "Dual monarchy", "text": "Dual monarchy is a union of two monarchies where the thrones of each monarchy are combined. A typical case is a personal union in which the crowns of the separate kingdoms are held by one person. The following are examples of dual monarchies, listed alphabetically with the dominant or co-dominant nation first:"}
+{"id": "98413", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98413", "title": "Union", "text": "Union generally means that two or more things are joined into one. That can be an organization of several people or organizations, several objects combined into one, and so on. The term may mean:\nIn education.\nThe term student union can be used in either of two senses:\nIn the United States, the phrase more commonly refers to the building. The phrase \"student government\" or \"student senate\" is usually used when referring to the subject of the \"Students' union\" article."}
+{"id": "98414", "revid": "1508758", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98414", "title": "Carl von Moers", "text": "Carl von Moers (9 December 1871 in Neuwied \u2013 26 May 1957) was a German horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.\nHe and his horse \"May-Queen\" won the silver medal as members of the German team at the 1912 Summer Olympics. But he was 15th in the individual eventing competition.\nHe also participated in the individual dressage event at the 1912 Summer Olympics with his horse \"New Bank\". They finished twelfth."}
+{"id": "98415", "revid": "1608380", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98415", "title": "Burnham Grammar School", "text": "Burnham Grammar School (BGS) is a grammar school in Burnham, Buckinghamshire. It was established and opened in 1960. They are a community education school. The school takes children from the age of 11 to the age of 18. The school has an estimated 900 pupils. The pupils are split into five houses.\nThe school has an all weather sports pitch which the Wycombe Wanderers first team occasionally train on.\nIn September 2004, the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) awarded the school status as a Science College.\nThe current head teacher of the school is Dr. Andrew Gillespie who took over from Cathy Long in January 2008."}
+{"id": "98416", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98416", "title": "Avant-garde", "text": "Avant-garde (pronounced ) in French means \"front guard\", \"advance guard\", or \"vanguard\". The term is commonly used in French, English, and German for people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly in the areas of art, culture, and politics. \nAvant-garde represents a going against what is accepted as the norm, especially in culture. "}
+{"id": "98417", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98417", "title": "Avant-garde (disambiguation)", "text": "Avant-garde refers to experimental work in art, music, culture, or politics. It can also refer to:"}
+{"id": "98419", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98419", "title": "Dumb Luck", "text": "Dumb Luck is a 2001 movie written and directed by Craig Clyde and starring Scott Baio, Tracy Nelson, Hal Linden and Eileen Brennan."}
+{"id": "98420", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98420", "title": "European cup", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98422", "revid": "1373270", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98422", "title": "Gil Fates", "text": "Gil Fates (born Joseph Gilbert Fates on 29 September 1914 in Newark, New Jersey, United States; died 1 May 2000 in New York City, United States) was an American television producer. He produced many shows, like \"What's My Line?\". Fates also hosted \"CBS Television Quiz\", which was the first television game show to be shown often. Before World War 2, he was a stage actor."}
+{"id": "98423", "revid": "103847", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98423", "title": "Innovation", "text": "The classic definitions of innovation include: \nIn economics, business and government policy,- something new - must be substantially different, not an unimportant change. In economics the change must increase value, customer value, or producer value. Innovations are intended to make someone better off, and the succession of many innovations grows the whole economy. "}
+{"id": "98424", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98424", "title": "Innovation (disambiguation)", "text": "Innovation may refer to one of the following."}
+{"id": "98425", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98425", "title": "Santieh River", "text": "The Santieh River is a river in Taiwan. It flows through Tainan County for ."}
+{"id": "98426", "revid": "373511", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98426", "title": "Scott S. Sheppard", "text": "Scott S. Sheppard is an astronomer in the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. He graduated from the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii.\nHe discovered many small moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the second known Neptune Trojan, 2004 UP10 as well as several Kuiper Belt Objects, Centaurs, and near Earth asteroids."}
+{"id": "98427", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98427", "title": "List of rivers of Taiwan", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Taiwan that are 19 kilometers or longer:"}
+{"id": "98428", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98428", "title": "List of mountains in Taiwan", "text": "Taiwan has a lot of mountains, and mountain climbing is a favorite activity of the and many Taiwanese people. A list of One Hundred Mountains Ranking () was created in 1971, which listed the best mountains for climbing on the island. Climbing all one hundred mountains is the greatest challenge for Taiwanese climbers."}
+{"id": "98430", "revid": "1695198", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98430", "title": "Mario Kart DS", "text": "Mario Kart DS is a 2005 racing game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. It is the fifth game in the series and the first which used Nintendo's free online service, Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. The game was released in the North America, Australia, and Europe in 30 November 2005, and in Japan in 19 December 2005, and in South Korea in which it is the very first Wi-Fi Connection game launched in 2 April 2007.\nIt got very positive reviews, and scored an average of 91% from Metacritic.\nLike other games in the \"Mario Kart\" series, \"Mario Kart DS\" involves characters from \"Mario\" games racing each other in go-karts on tracks themed from locations in the \"Mario\" series. The game, like other \"Mario Kart\" games, employs various weapons or items that players can use to help themselves or slow down others. These weapons make \"Mario Kart\" different from other racing games.\n\"DS\" is the first \"Mario Kart\" game ever to have computer opponents in battle mode. In battle mode, up to eight carts have four balloons and battle each other until one wins. Another change is that players start with one balloon and must blow into the microphone to blow up other balloons. With fewer balloons, players get better items, but run the risk of getting knocked out early. With more balloons, they are safer, but get items that are not as good.\n\"DS\" is also the first online \"Mario Kart\" title. It used the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. Players used \"friend codes\" and pick four tracks to race. Some tracks cannot be played over Wi-Fi because the game might slow down due to large obstacles."}
+{"id": "98432", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98432", "title": "Metacritic", "text": "Metacritic is a website which collects expert reviews for movies, TV, video games, music and formally books. It provides a Metascore, an average score out of 100 possible points based on published reviews. It has the score in one of three colours, red being negative, yellow being mixed and green being positive."}
+{"id": "98438", "revid": "1068258", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98438", "title": "Marktbreit", "text": "Marktbreit am Main () is a town in Kitzingen in the Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken in Bavaria, Germany. It is at the most southern point of the Main river. Marktbreit is the birthplace of Alois Alzheimer who first identified the symptoms of what is now known as Alzheimer's disease. With its suburb , Marktbreit has about 3,700 residents.\nGeography.\nPlace.\nMarktbreit is in Kitzingen, in Lower Franconia, Bavaria. Its territory is on the left bank of the Main river, at the river's southernmost curve. Kitzingen is upriver, while downriver are Ochsenfurt and W\u00fcrzburg.\nMarktbreit is on the southwestern edge of the district, where it borders on the districts of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim and W\u00fcrzburg.\nSubdivisions.\nThe town has two \"Stadtteile\": Marktbreit and Gnodstadt.\nNeighbouring communities.\nThe municipality borders on (from the north clockwise): Marktsteft, Obernbreit, Martinsheim, Oberickelsheim, Ochsenfurt, Frickenhausen am Main and Segnitz."}
+{"id": "98441", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98441", "title": "Eclipse", "text": "An eclipse is an astronomical event. It is when one object in the sky moves into the shadow of another such object. When an eclipse happens within a system of stars, like the Solar System, it makes a type of syzygy. This means that three or more objects in the sky are lined up in a straight line in the same gravitational system.\nThe term \"eclipse\" is most often used to describe a \"solar eclipse\", when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a \"lunar eclipse\", when the Moon moves into the shadow of Earth. No solar eclipse can last longer than 7 minutes and 58 seconds because of the speed at which the Earth and Moon move. When the Sun is not involved, the event is called occultation. (The next solar eclipse happening is in 2044-2045) \nEtymology.\nThe word comes from the ancient Greek noun ('), which is from the verb ('). This means \"to cease (stop) to exist (be there)\"."}
+{"id": "98442", "revid": "1493436", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98442", "title": "Lena Gercke", "text": "Lena Johanna Gercke is a model. She is the winner of the first cycle (season) of \"Germany\u2019s Next Topmodel\" by Heidi Klum.\nAfter a casting, Lena Gercke made it to the last 12 girls and eventually won the competition."}
+{"id": "98453", "revid": "1497093", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98453", "title": "Twilight (novel series)", "text": "Twilight is a series of fantasy/romance books by Stephenie Meyer. A movie adaptation of \"Twilight\" came out in 2008, \"\" in 2009, \"Eclipse\" in 2010, and \"Breaking Dawn,\" which was divided into two parts; the first part in 2011 and the second part in 2012.\nBooks.\n\"Twilight\".\nTwilight is a book series with vampires and werewolves. It's by Stephenie Meyer.\nIn \"Twilight\", Bella moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington, to live with her father. She enrolls at Forks High School (which has a population of around 300 students). There she meets the Cullens, a family of vampires. However, because they believe it is not right, they do not drink human blood \u2013 they only drink animal blood. Because of this, they call themselves \"vegetarians\". They are described as beautiful and extremely pale, with golden eyes that turn black when they become thirsty. They are strong and can run very fast. Their skin is ice-cold. After becoming vampires, they do not physically change anymore. They do not grow older. When in the sun, they sparkle \"like thousands of tiny diamonds were embedded in the surface,\" according to Bella in \"Twilight\".\nBella quickly falls in love with Edward Cullen, the youngest of the Cullens at 17 (though he was born in 1901). Bella is attached to him even after she finds out he is a vampire. Only Bella knows they are vampires, so she must tell no one of their existence.\nOne night, the Cullens are playing baseball, with Bella watching, when a smaller coven of vampires meets with them. These vampires are not vegetarians \u2013 they do drink human blood. James, one of the coven, attempts to attack Bella. However, he did not attack because he was outnumbered. \nAlthough James left Bella alive, he is a \"tracker\". That means he hunts down his prey and kills it, which he thinks of as a game. He plans on tracking Bella. She goes to Phoenix, Arizona to escape the deadly vampire, but he blackmails her into going to meet him. They meet at Bella's old dance studio, where Bella learns that her mother is still safe. James almost kills her, but the Cullens save her before she is dead. They kill James and get Bella safely to a hospital. The doctors tell her that she will make a full recovery in time, though she has broken her leg.\n\"New Moon\".\n\"New Moon\" starts on September 13, Bella's 18th birthday. she had been dreading this day, because it would make her older than Edward, her vampire boyfriend. An incident happens at her birthday party, and Bella gets hurt. The fresh blood is too much for Jasper, the Cullen least committed to their diet, and he tries to attack her. Carlisle, the oldest vampire of the Cullens and the one most in control of himself, fixes her wound, and then Bella goes home.\nEdward believes he is putting Bella in too much danger just by being around her. The Cullens leave, and Edward says goodbye to Bella after telling her that he does not love her anymore. Before leaving, he makes her promise not to do anything reckless, and then promises her that this would be the last time she saw him. She tries to follow him after he leaves, but ends up getting lost in the woods. She is found later that night by Sam Uley, a Quileute man from the nearby Indian reservation in La Push.\nAfter that night, Bella goes into a depressed state. She does not talk to anyone, except to answer direct questions. She does not do anything except go to school and work. This is too much for her father, and he tells her that he is going to make her go to Florida to live with her mother. Bella protests this, and to make her father happy, she and her friend Jessica go to a movie.\nAfter the movie, Bella has a delusion in which she hears Edward's voice clearly in her head. She \"wakes up\" after this. She decides to break her promise to him that she would not do anything stupid. She visits Jacob Black, her childhood friend, to see if he can fix up two motorcycles that she got for free. They quickly become friends. Jacob makes Bella happy for the first time since Edward left her.\nWhen they ride the motorcycles for the first time, Bella hears Edward's voice again. She realizes that she hears it whenever she is in danger. She hears the delusion again when she meets Laurent, the other male in James' coven. He tells her that Victoria, James' mate, is out to seek revenge on Edward for killing James. He is about to kill Bella, when five large wolves chase him down and kill him.\nBella also learns of Sam Uley the day she first rides the motorcycle. Sam Uley and his \"cult,\" as Jacob describes them, are cliff diving (jumping off the cliff in la Push into the water below, for fun). Jacob is scared that Sam is doing something to control the young men on he reservation. When Jacob suddenly breaks off their friendship, Bella suspects that Sam has gotten to him. When Jacob sees how upset Bella is over their broken friendship, he makes her guess that he is a werewolf, because he cannot tell anyone that, and also that it is dangerous for him to be around her. He tells Bella that Sam is a werewolf, and his cult was actually a pack of the werewolves in La Push. He says that their purpose is to keep their reservation safe and they call them selves \"protectors\", and reveals that they were the wolves she had seen who had chased down Laurent. He tells her that they are still trying to kill Victoria.\nThe werewolves are hunting Victoria one day, and Bella is alone on the beach in La Push. she decides to go cliff diving. She nearly drowns in the water, but Jacob saves her. Alice \"sees\" Bella jump off the cliff (Alice sees visions of the future) and goes to Forks to try to help Charlie with the loss. But she finds Bella still alive, and Bella is extremely happy at their reunion. \nRosalie, the only Cullen who did not like Bella, tells Edward that Bella is dead. He plans to kill himself by going to Italy and asking the Volturi, vampire \"royalty,\" to kill him. Bella and Alice go to Italy to show him that she is still alive. After barely escaping the Volturi, Edward, Alice, and Bella go back to Forks with the rest of the Cullens. They return to Forks, and Edward tells Bella that he was lying when he told her he did not love her, and that he would never leave her again. Bella takes the Cullens' votes, and everyone except Rosalie and Edward say she should join their family as a vampire (Rosalie had issues with becoming a vampire, and did not want Bella to make a choice she would regret; Edward was afraid that vampires had no soul or afterlife, and did not want Bella to lose her soul).\n\"Eclipse\".\nIn \"Eclipse\", Jacob and Bella's friendship is shaken by the Cullens' return. Jacob will not visit Bella, or answer any of her telephone calls. This has Bella upset and wants to visit La Push, but she is still grounded for her sudden disappearance to Italy. Charlie blames Edward for Bella's depression, and restricted the time he spends at his house.\nCharlie suddenly ungrounds Bella one day, and she is free to see Jacob. But when she plans one night to go see him, Edward has disabled her truck so she cannot go. He says that young werewolves are unsafe, that they can lose control and end up hurting those near them. Despite this, when he is away hunting, Bella goes to see Jacob.\nMeanwhile, a string of murders are happening in Seattle, and the Cullens believe there is a \"newborn\" vampire loose in Seattle. However, as the number of murders increases, they begin to suspect an \"army\" of newborn vampires. Jasper tells Bella of his part in vampire wars in the South. He explained how vampires would create armies of newborn vampires to take control of cities, where there was more blood.\nWhile Bella is away at the Cullens' one night, an intruder breaks into her house and steal some of her things, to get the scent of her blood. The Cullens do not know why or how this happened, but Bella realizes, the day of her graduation, that whoever had broken in was part of the newborn army in Seattle. He had taken her things so the others could find her.\nWhen the werewolves find out about the newborn army, they decide to help the Cullens fight them. This greatly relieves Cullens, and the werewolves are excited about the fight. Alice, with her visions of the future, sees the newborns coming to a clearing near Forks to attack. To make sure Bella is safe, she is to go to a place in the mountains away from the fight. To make sure no one can follow her scent, Jacob Black carries her there. Edward and one of the younger werewolves would stay with her there while the battle goes on.\nWhile the Cullens and werewolves fight in the clearing, Victoria and her \"mate\" Riley, follow Edward's scent to where he and Bella are. Edward kills Victoria, and he and the werewolf both help kill Riley. By the time they have done this, the fight in the clearing is over. But when one of the werewolves is attacked from behind by a newborn vampire who had been hiding, Jacob Black tries to rescue her, and gets hurt.\nThe Volturi arrive just after the fight is over. When the Volturi leave after a sort discussion with Cullens about what happened, Bella goes home, and then goes to visit Jacob. Bella tells him she loves him, but she loves Edward more, and cannot live without him. The epilogue is from Jacob's point of view. He receives an invitation to Bella and Edward's wedding and a note from Edward, saying that if he were in Jacob's place, he would have wanted the choice to go to the wedding. This angers Jacob, and he runs away as a werewolf, \"letting Jacob Black disappear.\"\n\"Breaking Dawn\".\nThe book begins a few days before Bella and Edward's wedding. Jacob Black has still not returned after running away in the end of \"Eclipse\".\nThe wedding goes on as planned. Jacob Black unexpectedly returns at the wedding, and is happy to see Bella again. However, things go wrong when Bella tells him she is going to have a \"real honeymoon\" with Edward. Jacob loses control of himself and almost phases into a werewolf. However, he is restrained by Seth, Sam and Edward.\nBella and Edward go on their honeymoon as planned, at Isle Esme, an island Carlisle bought and named after Esme. Things go as planned until Bella learns she is pregnant with Edward's child . They immediately go back to Forks, as the baby has vampire strength and is threatening Bella's life. Edward wishes for Carlisle to do an abortion. However, Bella and Rosalie refuse to let him, though the baby is draining all of Bella's strength.\nWhen Jacob learns that Bella is \"sick\" at the Cullens' house, he thinks she is undergoing transformation into a vampire. He is overcome with anger, and runs to the Cullens' house, planning to kill them all. However, when he learns that Bella is pregnant with Edward's child, he goes back to La Push to tell the other werewolves. Believing that a vampire child would endanger all humans in the area, the rest of the pack plans to kill Bella and the child. However, Jacob refuses to let them. He breaks away from the pack and returns to the Cullens' house, to warn the Cullens and to help protect them. Leah and Seth Clearwater also break off from Sam's pack to join Jacob's pack.\nWhen Bella's strength is almost completely gone, the Cullens realize that she may need vampire nourishment\u2013blood. This turns out to help Bella gain back her strength, though the baby's kicks are getting stronger and threaten to break her ribs.\nLater, Bella's placenta detaches in an accident, and the Cullens rush her to their makeshift delivery room. Rosalie leaves her side, unable to stand the smell of blood. Edward cuts the baby out of Bella's stomach while Jacob performs CPR. Edward successfully delivers the baby girl, Renesmee (who is half vampire, half human), but Bella is in critical condition with a broken spine and the bleeding wounds from Edward's surgery. After letting Bella hold Renesmee for a moment, Edward injects his venom directly into her heart and bites her several times as well. For the next three days, she becomes a vampire.\nAfter Bella becomes a vampire, she goes on her first hunt with Edward. While hunting, she smells human blood and begins to track it. However, she stops herself and turns back. The Cullens realize that she has self-control that no newborn vampire has ever had. After this, Bella wants to see Renesmee. Jacob who imprinted on Renesmee, wants to test her before she gets near the baby. Bella passes the test and gets to hold Renesmee. While holding her, Bella finds out for the first time that Renesmee can show people her thoughts.\nOne day, Jacob, Renesmee, and Bella go to hunt in the forest. They see Irina, from the Denali coven. Irina came to make peace with the Cullen family for not fighting with them against Victoria. However, Irina sees Renesmee and thinks she is an \"immortal child\", a child who was turned into a vampire. These children are against the Volturi's laws, so Irina goes to tell the Volturi. Alice sees the Volturi coming to fight and she leaves because she knows that Aro, one of the Volturi, wants her more than anything. The Cullens spread out to find any vampires that could witness that Renesmee is not an immortal child and that she grows everyday. Bella asks Edward to teach her how to fight. In this process she learns that her superpower is being a shield. This means that she can protect others from other vampire powers.\nWhen the Volturi come, all the vampire witnesses tell them that Renesmee is not an \"immortal child.\" They leave them in peace and the Cullens continue into their blissful peace of forever .\nThe Short Second Life of Bree Tanner.\nThe story tells Bree Tanner\u2019s life as a newborn vampire and her connection with the other newborn vampires turned by Victoria in order to kill Bella. Bree makes friends, with sort of love interest with Diego, another vampire of the group, since both of them feel that they have been used and have doubts about the real intentions of their leader, plus: her vision is different and bloodless than other newborn vampires. Diego mysteriously disappears, leaving Bree even more confused and disconcert. Through the road, Bree makes friends with Riley, a relegated vampire, because of his power to release a terrible smell which upset other newborns. He will convince her to participate into the battle, leading her to a terrible end in hands of the Volturi who we will get to know through Eclipse history.\nCharacters.\nIsabella Marie Swan.\nIsabella Marie Swan was born on September 13, 1987 to Ren\u00e9e and Charlie Swan, a young couple living in the small town of Forks, Washington. Bella's parents divorced when Bella was six months old, and Ren\u00e9e took Bella with her when she moved to Phoenix, Arizona. She is the main character of the series. She leaves Phoenix, Arizona, to live with her father, Charlie, in Forks, Washington. Her mother, Charlie's ex-wife, had recently remarried to a minor league baseball player named Phil Dwyer. Because he played baseball, they were almost constantly traveling, and Bella felt like she was getting in the way. In Forks, Bella falls in love with Edward. In \"Breaking Dawn\", Bella is transformed into a vampire and has a special talent called \"shield.\" The series revolves around the romance between Bella and Edward.\nShe has pale skin, brown eyes, and brown hair. She is extremely clumsy and non-athletic, and has a string of bad luck. Felix from the Volturi says in Breaking Dawn: \"Immortality suits you...\". She describes herself as never being the best at anything and never winning prizes as there were not any for reading books. She also hates anything to do with birthdays and expressing her feelings. She does not like being center of attention and hates her first days at Forks as it's a small town and nothing very interesting happens so she becomes the center of attention.\nCharlie Swan.\nCharlie Swan is Isabella's father and he is the ex-husband of Bella's mother, Renee. He is the Chief of Police in Forks were he has resided alone since Bella was an infant. His hobbies include fishing and watching football games on television. Charlie is a very reserved person and does not hover over his daughter, Bella. He is good friends with Billy Black, Jacob`s father.\nCharlie is weary of Edward and later favors Jacob over Edward. After he is told that Jacob was seriously injured while riding a motorcycle, Charlie changes his mind and sees Edward in a more favorable light. Charlie is over-protective of Bella and it would crush him inside if anything serious ever happened to Bella. He is embarressed when talking about feelings and Bella has inherited most of his core traits.\nEdward Anthony Masen Cullen.\nEdward Cullen is the youngest (physically) of the Cullens, at 17. He resists killing Bella even though her blood smells extremely appetizing to him. He has bronze hair and \"liquid topaz\" eyes. Like all vampires, he has extremely pale skin that sparkles in the sunlight, and can run at very high speeds (the fastest in his coven/family). He can also read people's minds. However, he cannot read Bella's mind.He feels that she is an enigma to him.He loves her more than his life and would like to give her everything present in this world.\nHe was born in 1901, in Chicago, Illinois, to his mother Elizabeth Masen. As a young man during World War I, he wanted to join the army. However, during an epidemic of the Spanish Influenza, his mother and father died and he became very sick. Carlisle, already a vampire, was working in the hospital at the time, and cared for Edward's mother as she died. Just before she died, she asked him to save Edward's life in the way \"others do not have\", and Carlisle wondered if she knew his secret. He took both Edward and his dead mother to the hospital morgue, and then he took Edward home and turned him into a vampire.\nJacob Black.\nJacob Black is a Quileute who lives on the nearby Indian reservation who knew Bella as a child. In the first book, Bella uses him to find out about the Cullens. He tells her the tribe's legends, unknowingly breaking the old treaty between the werewolves and vampires. He does not believe the legends are true.\nIn \"New Moon\", Bella becomes friends with Jacob after Edward leaves her. Their friendship becomes troubled when Jacob turns into a werewolf. He is told not to see Bella, because if he loses his temper, he will transform into a wolf and could end up hurting her if she is too close by. However, when Bella tells him that there is a vampire hunting her, he realizes that leaving her alone would be more dangerous than staying away from her. Bella visits Jacobs house and his father says he is not in. Bella refuses and bursts in and sees him sleeping. Bella then peers out the window and can see Jacobs ' Tribe Mates'. Troubled by what they had done, she storms outside yelling, \"Sam\". One of the pack gets ratty and Bella loses it, giving him a hard slap round the face. One of the other pack members told her to run. The werewolf Bella slaps gets so angry he turns into a werewolf. Jacob wakes up just in time.\nIn \"Eclipse\", Jacob openly tells Bella that he loves her even if she does not love him back. He eventually gets Bella to kiss him, finding out that she loves him too, but not as much as she loves Edward. At the end of \"Eclipse\", Jacob runs away to Canada to escape from his troubled human life and does not return until Bella's wedding in \"Breaking Dawn\" where he becomes overwhelmingly jealous of Edward and Bella's wedding and attempts to pick a fight. When Bella goes through \"changes\", he fights for her life as she dies while finding his place in the werewolf pack. In the end he imprints on Bella's daughter, Renesmee.\nIn all books, Jacob is a strong and true friend to Bella and an enemy to Edward. He loves Bella in each book, at different degrees. \nRenesmee is the daughter of Bella and Edward. Her name \"Renesmee\" is a cross between the names Renee and Esme. \"Carlie\" is a cross between Charlie and Carlisle. Her nickname is Nessie. Though Bella disapproves of this name at first (because \"Nessie\" is the nickname of the Loch Ness Monster) she comes to accept it.\nHalf-vampire, she has vampire strength which threatens Bella's life during the pregnancy. Despite the danger to her life, Bella does not let Carlisle perform an abortion. Even in Bella's womb, Renesmee did not like to eat human food; Bella had to drink blood to feed her. Towards the end of the pregnancy, Edward began to hear Renesmee's thoughts from inside Bella, and found out that she already loved her mother, and tried not to hurt her. This made Bella even more determined to see the pregnancy through.\nRenesmee grows more quickly and rapidly than human children. She was born only a few weeks after being conceived and continued to grow rapidly after being born. However, she will stop aging once she reaches full growth (the Cullen family discover this when they meet Nahuel, a half-human, half-vampire boy who is almost a century old). Renesmee has a special talent, like her parents; she has the ability to show her memories to whomever she touches. As an infant, she uses this ability to talk to people. She is very important to Bella and Edward as they do not know whether she will be able to live as a vampire or a human.\nCarlisle Cullen.\nThe son of an Anglican pastor, Carlisle was raised during a time of religious persecution. His father led hunts for witches, werewolves, and vampires all in the name of ridding the world of evil. As his father grew older, Carlisle was placed in charge of the raids. Carlisle wasn\u2019t as enthusiastic about killing as his father was, but he was clever enough to discover a coven of true vampires living in the sewers of the city. He set a trap for the vampires and chased one down. Carlisle believes that the vampire was actually too hungry to run and consciously decided to attack. The vampire fell on Carlisle and left him bleeding in the streets after killing two other men and taking off with a third. Knowing how his father would react, Carlisle crawled into a cellar and buried himself in rotting potatoes for the three days of the change. When he emerged, he was a vampire. At first he tried to destroy himself by jumping from great heights or drowning in the ocean. Somehow, he was so repelled by what he was that he resisted feeding off of humans. He even tried to kill himself with starvation.Eventually the thirst was too powerful and he attacked a herd of passing deer. He found that living off of the blood of animals could sustain his life and was infinitely more humane than taking the life of a human. Over the course of two centuries, he developed a sort of immunity to the scent of human blood and was able to become a medical doctor. Carlisle is the one who changes Edward, Esme, Rosalie and Emmett into vampire. He is immune to blood now and therefore can be in a room covered in blood and not attack. Carlisle also spent some time working with the Volturi."}
+{"id": "98456", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98456", "title": "Karl Popper", "text": "Sir Karl Popper CH FRS FBA (28 July 1902 \u2013 17 September 1994) was an Austrian and British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics.\nHe is considered one of the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century. He also wrote on social and political philosophy, especially the evils of totalitarian ideas and politics. Popper is known for the idea of empirical falsification.\nLife.\nKarl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902 to middle-class parents of Jewish origins, both of whom had converted to Christianity. Popper received a Lutheran upbringing and was educated at the University of Vienna. His father had 12,000\u201314,000 volumes in his personal library. \nIn 1919, he became attracted to Marxism. He joined the Association of Socialist School Students and also became a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, which was at that time a party that fully adopted the Marxist ideology. He soon stopped believing in Marxism, and was a supporter of social liberalism for the rest of his life.\nFalsification.\nPopper, brought up in Vienna, was well aware of the Vienna Circle. That school of logical positivism, led by Moritz Schlick, defined knowledge (especially scientific knowledge) as being propositions which could be verified. Popper thought this was quite wrong. In his opinion, science grew indirectly, by wrong ideas being \"falsified\". This he worked up in great detail in a series of books, of which \"The logic of scientific discovery\" is the most famous. All philosophy of science since then has had to deal with this issue, the \"criterion\". By 'criterion' is meant: what is it that makes a theory truly scientific, as opposed to simply common sense or opinion?\nThe open society.\nPopper's work on political philosophy is also of great importance. Marx claimed knowledge of an historical process, where societies evolved from one state to another, until they reached a final state. This type of thought is known as 'historicism'. Popper argued that the growth of human knowledge partly causes the evolution of human history. Since \"no society can predict its own future states of knowledge\", it follows that no science can predict human history.\nPopper's great works in defence of the liberal society were \"The open society and its enemies\" and \"The poverty of historicism\". His allies in this struggle were Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig von Mises and Milton Friedman.\nThe paradox of tolerance.\nAlthough Popper was an advocate of toleration, he thought intolerance should not be tolerated. If tolerance allowed intolerance to succeed completely, tolerance itself would be threatened. In \"The open society and its enemies: The spell of Plato\", he argued that:\nThe Three worlds doctrine.\nThe Three Worlds Doctrine was invented by Popper and is used in philosophy to understand the condition in which we find ourselves as human beings.\nIt assumes the existence of three worlds. They are\nThis way of looking at reality is used by many philosophers to explain the relationship between the physical and spiritual worlds.\nIt was first described by the Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper in a lecture given in August 1967."}
+{"id": "98471", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98471", "title": "Eclipse (disambiguation)", "text": "Eclipse can be any of the following:"}
+{"id": "98486", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98486", "title": "The Castle", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98487", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98487", "title": "Castle (disambiguation)", "text": "A castle is a fortified structure used to defend a territory.\nCastle or Castles can mean:\nThe Castle may also refer to:"}
+{"id": "98488", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98488", "title": "The British Museum", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98492", "revid": "8302089", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98492", "title": "The Warriors", "text": "The Warriors can mean:"}
+{"id": "98501", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98501", "title": "Carl von moers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98503", "revid": "1350669", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98503", "title": "Eliot Spitzer", "text": "Eliot Laurence Spitzer (born June 10, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the New York State Attorney General before becoming Governor of New York in 2007.\nSpitzer resigned as Governor of New York on March 17, 2008 because of a prostitution incident. Spitzer's lieutenant governor, David Paterson, became Governor. Spitzer hosted \"In the Arena \"on the Cable News Network (CNN). He was hired by CNN President Jonathan Klein to co-host a different program along with a conservative debating him called Parker Spitzer. The other co-host left, and the show was renamed In the Arena. The show was cancelled by CNN in 2011."}
+{"id": "98522", "revid": "412378", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98522", "title": "Banda", "text": "Banda can be any of the following:"}
+{"id": "98523", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98523", "title": "Joacaba", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98525", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98525", "title": "Arena, Wisconsin", "text": "Arena is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin, USA. There were 844 people living in the village of Arena as of the 2020 census. The village of Arena can be found inside of the town of Arena. The village has an area of 1.2\u00a0square miles, says the United States Census Bureau."}
+{"id": "98526", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98526", "title": "List of rivers of Wisconsin", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, by letter:"}
+{"id": "98528", "revid": "6555205", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98528", "title": "List of rivers of Africa", "text": "The following is a list of rivers of Africa, by region."}
+{"id": "98529", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98529", "title": "Community Identification Number", "text": "The Official Municipality Key, which used to be called the \"Official Municipality Characteristic Number\" or \"Municipality Code Number\", is a group of numbers used to tell the difference between different municipalities and areas. \nGermany.\nIn Germany the Official Municipality Key has statistical goals and is given by the statistics offices of individual German states. The municipality key is given in times like moving house on the notice of some documents.\nStructure.\nThe municipality key has eight digits, which are set like this: The first two numbers tell people what the German state is. The third number say the government district (in areas without government districts a zero is used instead). The fourth and fifth numbers show people the number of the urban area (in a city without districts) or the district (in a city with districts). The sixth, seventh, and eighth numbers show the municipality or the number of the municipality-free area. \nExamples.\n08 1 11 000: Stuttgart\n15 3 52 002: Aschersleben\nAustria.\nStructure.\nIn Austria the municipality key has five digits which are chosen like this: The first number shows the number of the Austrian state, the second and third numbers show the district, and the fourth and fifth numbers show the municipality.\nExamples.\n3 25 21: Rappottenstein\n9 07 01: Vienna \u2013 Neubau\nSwitzerland.\nStructure.\nThe Swiss Federal Office for Statistics makes code numbers with up to four digits, which are given in the order chosen with the official order of the cantons, districts, and municipalities in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "98530", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98530", "title": "Volta", "text": "Volta can be any of the following:"}
+{"id": "98531", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98531", "title": "List of rivers of Alabama", "text": "The following is a list of rivers of Alabama, by letter:"}
+{"id": "98532", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98532", "title": "List of rivers of Alaska", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in Alaska:"}
+{"id": "98533", "revid": "656019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98533", "title": "List of rivers of Arizona", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Arizona:"}
+{"id": "98534", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98534", "title": "List of rivers of Arkansas", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Arkansas:"}
+{"id": "98536", "revid": "837177", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98536", "title": "List of rivers of California", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in California, by location:\nFar North Coast.\nRivers and streams between the Oregon border and Humboldt Bay that empty into the Pacific Ocean: \nNorth Coast.\nRivers and streams between Humboldt Bay and the Golden Gate that empty into the Pacific Ocean: \nTributaries of San Francisco Bay.\nStreams that empty into San Francisco Bay or its tributary bays, from north to south:\nCentral Coast.\nRivers that empty into the Pacific Ocean between the Golden Gate and Point Arguello, from north to south:\nSouth Coast.\nRivers that empty into the Pacific Ocean southeast of Point Arguello, from north to south:\nTributaries of the Gulf of California.\nRivers that empty into the Gulf of California:\nSalton Sea.\nRivers that empty into the Salton Sea:\nGreat Basin.\nRivers in the Great Basin:"}
+{"id": "98537", "revid": "1693079", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98537", "title": "Hexadecimal", "text": "The hexadecimal numeral system, often shortened to \"hex\", is a numeral system made up of 16 symbols (base 16). The standard numeral system is called decimal (base 10) and uses ten symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Hexadecimal uses the decimal numbers and six extra symbols. There are no numerical symbols that represent values greater than nine, so letters taken from the English alphabet are used, specifically A, B, C, D, E and F (as ann, bet, chris, dot, ernest and frost). Hexadecimal A = decimal 10, and hexadecimal F = decimal 15. \nHumans mostly use the decimal (base 10) system where each digit can have one of ten values between zero and ten. This is probably because humans have ten fingers on their hands. Computers generally represent numbers in binary (base 2). In binary, each \"binary digit\" is called a bit and can only have one of two values: one or zero. Since a single bit's two possible values represents one fifth the information potentially conveyed by of decimal digit's ten possible values, binary representations of integer values can require many more (binary) bits than decimal digits. \nFor example, the three digit decimal value 219 requires eight bits to be represented in binary (11011011). Humans find reading, remembering, and typing long strings of bits inconvenient. Hexadecimal allows groups of four bits to be more conveniently represented by a single \"hex\" digit, so the eight bit binary value 11011011 only requires two hexadecimal digits \"DB.\" \nComputer memory is organized as an array of strings of bits called bytes. On modern computers, each byte generally contains eight bits, which can be conveniently be represented as two hexadecimal digits. Engineers and computer scientists frequently refer to each of these four-bit values as a nibble (sometimes spelled nybble, see computer jargon).\nTo avoid confusion with decimal, octal or other numbering systems, hexadecimal numbers are sometimes written with a \"h\" after or \"0x\" before the number. For example, 63h and 0x63 mean 63 hexadecimal. \nHistory.\nUnlike modern computers, many early computers had six-bit bytes. Programmers of those systems typically used an alternate bit grouping scheme called octal. Each octal digit efficiently represents three bits, and a six-bit byte can be represented as two octal digits. Three bits, each being on or off, can represent the eight numbers from 0 to 7: 000 = 0; 001 = 1; 010 = 2; 011 = 3; 100 = 4; 101 = 5; 110 = 6 and 111 = 7.\nHexadecimal values.\nHexadecimal is similar to the octal numeral system (base 8) because each can be easily compared to the binary numeral system. Hexadecimal uses a four-bit binary coding. This means that each digit in hexadecimal is the same as four digits in binary. Octal uses a three-bit binary system. \nIn the decimal system, the first digit is the \"one's\" place, the next digit to the left is the \"ten's\" place, the next is the \"hundred's\" place, etc. In hexadecimal, each digit can be 16 values, not 10. This means the digits have the \"one's\" place, the \"sixteen's\" place, and the next one is the \"256's\" place. So 1h = 1 decimal, 10h = 16 decimal, and 100h = 256 in decimal.\nExample values of hexadecimal numbers converted into binary, octal and decimal.\nConversion.\nBinary to hexadecimal.\nChanging a number from binary to hex uses a grouping method. The binary number is separated into groups of four digits starting from the right. These groups are then converted to hexadecimal digits as shown in the chart above for the hexadecimal numbers 0 through F. To change from hexadecimal, the reverse is done. The hex digits are each changed to binary and the grouping is usually removed. \nWhen the quantity of bits in a binary numbers is not a multiple of 4, it is padded with zeros to make it so. Examples:\nHexadecimal to decimal.\nTo convert a number from hexadecimal to decimal, there are two common ways.\nThe first method is more commonly done when converting it manually:\nThe next method is more commonly done when converting a number in software. It does not need to know how many digits the number has before it starts, and it never multiplies by more than 16, but it looks longer on paper.\nExample: 5Fh and 3425h to decimal, method 1\nExample: 5Fh and 3425h to decimal, method 2"}
+{"id": "98538", "revid": "1572824", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98538", "title": "List of rivers of Colorado", "text": "The following is a list of rivers and streams in the American State of Colorado, by letter:"}
+{"id": "98540", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98540", "title": "List of rivers of Albania", "text": "The following is a list of Albanian rivers, by letter:"}
+{"id": "98541", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98541", "title": "List of rivers of Antarctica", "text": "The following is a list of rivers of Antarctica."}
+{"id": "98542", "revid": "1179286", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98542", "title": "Battle of Tannenberg (1914)", "text": "The Battle of Tannenberg was a decisive engagement between the Russian Empire and the German Empire in the first days of World War I. It was fought by the Russian First and Second Armies and the German Eighth Army between 17 August and 2 September 1914. The battle ended with the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army.\nThe battle took place near Allenstein. The Germans named it after Tannenberg. They wanted to express that they had made good their defeat at the medieval Battle of Tannenberg or (Grunwald). In that 1410 battle the Lithuanians finally defeated the Teutonic Knights."}
+{"id": "98543", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98543", "title": "List of rivers of Argentina", "text": "The following is an incomplete list of rivers in Argentina, by letter:"}
+{"id": "98544", "revid": "1475779", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98544", "title": "List of rivers of Asia", "text": "The following is a list of the major rivers of Asia, by letter. See the articles for tributaries and other information."}
+{"id": "98545", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98545", "title": "List of rivers of Assam", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Assam, India:"}
+{"id": "98546", "revid": "1476056", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98546", "title": "List of rivers of Australia", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in Australia, by letter:\nA\nB\nC\nD\nE\nF\nG\nH\nI\nJ\nK\nL\nM\nN\nO\nP\nQ\nR\nS\nT\nV\nW\nY"}
+{"id": "98547", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98547", "title": "List of rivers in Australia", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98548", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98548", "title": "Erich Ludendorff", "text": "Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (sometimes given as von Ludendorff) (April 9, 1865 \u2013 December 20, 1937) was a German Army officer, \"Generalquartiermeister\" during World War I, victor of Li\u00e8ge, and, with Paul von Hindenburg, one of the victors of the battle of Tannenberg. \nAfter the war, he briefly supported Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. He was not found guilty for his role in the Nazis' unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch. He became disillusioned with politics and retired from public life that year."}
+{"id": "98549", "revid": "1239704", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98549", "title": "List of rivers of Austria", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Austria:"}
+{"id": "98550", "revid": "1555593", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98550", "title": "List of rivers of Bangladesh", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Bangladesh, by letter, with some Bangladeshi names given for some of the rivers; there are at least 31 known rivers of Bangladesh:"}
+{"id": "98551", "revid": "1444326", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98551", "title": "List of rivers of Delaware", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Delaware, by type and letter:"}
+{"id": "98552", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98552", "title": "List of rivers of Florida", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Florida, by region:\nAtlantic Coast.\nMajor rivers\nMinor coastal rivers\nGulf Coast.\nMajor rivers\nMinor coastal rivers"}
+{"id": "98557", "revid": "1498485", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98557", "title": "Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867", "text": "The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (, ) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. It was signed by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and a Hungarian delegation led by \"Ferenc De\u00e1k\". The compromise followed a series of failed constitutional reforms of the Habsburg Empire.\nThe compromise was the result of the 1866 Battle of K\u00f6niggr\u00e4tz which was a part of the Austro-Prussian War. This war defined the next leading power of German-speaking Europe. Prussia was the victor, leaving Austria to look to the southeast for new power, resulting in the \"compromise\" treaty with Hungary.\nThis created a disjointed government between the two countries, in which they shared a finance ministry and foreign ministry but maintained separate prime ministers, parliament, and military. Three militaries existed between them and officers had to be trained to speak many languages such as German, Czech, Polish, and Hungarian.\nThe Hungarian nobles wanted and got the Emperor's coronation as King of Hungary. A separate parliament at Budapest was created. It could make laws for the lands of the Hungarian crown."}
+{"id": "98558", "revid": "1555874", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98558", "title": "Franz Joseph I (Austria)", "text": "Emperor Franz Joseph I or Emperor Francis Joseph I (, , ) (Slovene : Franc Jozef Karel) (Croatian : Franjo Josip Karlo) (Czech : Frantisek Josef Karel) (Romanian : Francisc Iosif Carol) (August 18, 1830 \u2013 November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and also served as President of the German Confederation from 1850-1866. \nHis nephew Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria would have been his successor but he was assassinated. Wars during the reign of Franz Joseph included the Second Italian War Of Independence (1859), the Austro-Prussian War (1866), the Third Italian War Of Independence (1866) and the 1899-1901 Boxer Rebellion. He died during World War I. Charles I of Austria became emperor in 1916 and reigned from 1916-1918.\nFranz Joseph's 68-year reign is the third-longest in the history of continental Europe (after those of Louis XIV of France and Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein)."}
+{"id": "98563", "revid": "261652", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98563", "title": "Cantuta", "text": "A cantuta (\"Cantua buxifolia\") is a type of a flower. It is most commonly found in Central and South America. The cantuta is the national flower of both Peru and Bolivia. "}
+{"id": "98569", "revid": "1059492", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98569", "title": "Mie Prefecture", "text": " is a prefecture of in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Tsu.\nHistory.\nMie prefecture was created by merging the area of Ise Province, Shima Province, Iga Province and Kii Province.\nIn 1871, the area from the Kisosansen River in the north to the city of Tsu became An\u014dtsu Prefecture. The area south of Tsu became Watarai Prefecture. In 1876, An\u014dtsu Prefecture and Watarai Prefecture joined to become Mie Prefecture.\nMie has four dialects: Iga, Ise, Shima, and Kisyuu.\nGeography.\nMie Prefecture is on the eastern side of the Kii Peninsula. The prefectures that surround Mie are Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, and Wakayama Prefecture. \nCities.\nThere are fourteen cities in Mie Prefecture:\nNational Parks.\nAbout 35% of the total land area of the prefecture is National Parks.\nShrines and Temples.\n\"Aekuni jinja\", \"Tsubaki jinja\", and \"Izawa jinja\" are the chief Shinto shrines (\"ichinomiya\") in the prefecture. "}
+{"id": "98572", "revid": "1570152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98572", "title": "Tree of Life", "text": "Tree of life may mean:"}
+{"id": "98578", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98578", "title": "WWE Studios", "text": "WWE Studios (formerly known as WWE Films) is a World Wrestling Entertainment movie and television production company that is starring, produced or directed by WWE talent."}
+{"id": "98579", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98579", "title": "776 Berbericia", "text": "776 Berbericia\n776 Berbericia is a minor planet orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt. This main-belt asteroid was found by A. Massinger at Heidelberg January 24, 1914. It was named in honor of Adolf Berberich (1861-1920), a German astronomer.\nIn the late 1990s, a network of astronomers worldwide gathered lightcurve data that was mostly used to conclude the spin states and shape models of 10 new asteroids, including (776) Berbericia.\nRichard P. Binzel and Schelte Bus added more to the knowledge about this asteroid in a lightwave survey published in 2003. This project was known as Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey, Phase II or SMASSII, which built on a previous survey of the main-belt asteroids. The visible-wavelength (0.435-0.925 micron) spectra data was gathered between August 1993 and March 1999."}
+{"id": "98581", "revid": "12488", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98581", "title": "Seljuq dynasty", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98583", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98583", "title": "Chris Benoit", "text": "Christopher Michael Benoit (May 21, 1967 - June 24, 2007) was a Canadian professional wrestler. He was first noticed in the United States when he started wrestling for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in 1994. He would later go to World Championship Wrestling (WCW) the next year. Within a year, he became a member of the Four Horsemen (with Ric Flair, Arn Anderson, and Brian Pillman). He joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, later renamed WWE) in January 2000. In January 2004, Benoit won the 30 man Royal Rumble match which allowed him to main event WrestleMania. He would go on to win the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XX on March 14, 2004.\nOn June 24, 2007, Chris Benoit committed suicide by hanging after murdering his wife and son (murder\u2013suicide). Their dead bodies were found on June 25. Benoit's father, Michael Benoit, says that Benoit had brain damage. Benoit was also believed to have been on several different medications to aid his in ring performance, sleep, and pain. According to ESPN, \"Benoit's body contained 10 times the normal level of testosterone, as well as amounts of the anti-anxiety drug Xanax and the painkiller hydrocodone, authorities said. The testosterone, a synthetic version of the primary male sex hormone, is considered an anabolic steroid. The state's top medical examiner said it appeared to have been injected shortly before Benoit died.\" It is a speculation which Benoit may have dealt with Roid-Rage, and this could have set him off the rails along with other trauma issues to the brain as well. A study of Benoit's brain by the Sports Legacy Institute showed that he had depression and severe chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Another test also revealed that Benoit's brain was so badly damaged that it \"resembled the brain of an 85-year-old Alzheimer's patient\". This is what caused Benoit to kill his family. Because brain damage can be caused by concussions, WWE no longer allows wrestlers to hit each other in the head with steel chairs. Mentions of his name were also banned thereafter (although his name is still listed in title histories on WWE's website, and he is still shown in their video library on Peacock/WWE Network).\nChampionships.\n<br>"}
+{"id": "98586", "revid": "10480030", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98586", "title": "Glitch", "text": "A glitch is something that goes wrong in a computer system, usually in games. This is also sometimes called a \"bug\". Sometimes when a glitch happens on a computer, a message appears, telling the user that something went wrong."}
+{"id": "98589", "revid": "1665185", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98589", "title": "Jack (Tekken)", "text": "Jack is a character in the \"Tekken\" series. He has many successors since Jack bots are usually destroyed.\nList of Jack-bots.\nJack.\nJack is the first robot in the Jack-bot series. It is unknown how it was destroyed. Jack was sent to get rid of Kazuya. Jack, unlike Jack-2, Gun Jack and Prototype Jack, did not appear in Tekken Tag Tournament making him the only Jack robot (before Jack-5) not to appear in more than one game.\nJack-2.\nJack-2 is the second robot in the Jack series. He is an upgrade of the original Jack robot and was sent out to enter The King of Iron Fist Tournament 2 to save his creator and friend, Jane from the evil Kazuya Mishima. In his ending, Jane and Jack-2 are playing on an island together. Suddenly, Jack-2 gets shot by a laser from a satellite up in space that Doctor Abel uses to destroy Jack-2. \nGun Jack.\nGun Jack is the third Jack robot. There was no Jack-3 created.\nJack-5.\nJack-5 was in a Tekken 5 game as a playable character, Jack-4 isn't playable but he can be seen in the Tekken 5 opening movie (these squads of Jack-4's are sent to kill Heihachi Mishima and Kazuya Mishima ).\nJack-X.\nJack-X has been appeared in Street Fighter X Tekken.\nJack-6.\nJack-6 has been appeared in Tekken 6.\nJack-7.\nJack-7 has been appeared in Tekken 7."}
+{"id": "98593", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98593", "title": "Subsonic", "text": "Subsonic can be the following:\nIn computing:"}
+{"id": "98598", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98598", "title": "My Little Lover", "text": "My Little Lover is a Japanese pop group. The group was started in 1995 with three members. Only one person is still in the group. Akko (Real name is Akiko Nakamatsu. \u8d64\u677e\u4e9c\u5e0c\u5b50) is the only member.\nWeb.\nMy Little Lover Web Wonderland(Japanese) "}
+{"id": "98610", "revid": "1685581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98610", "title": "Beaufort County, North Carolina", "text": "Beaufort County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 44,652 people lived there. Its county seat is Washington.\nGovernment.\nBeaufort County is part of the Mid-East Commission.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Beaufort County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Beaufort County:"}
+{"id": "98611", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98611", "title": "Bertie County, North Carolina", "text": "Bertie County (said like BURT-TEE) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 17,934 people lived there. Its county seat is Windsor.\nGovernment.\nBertie County is part of the Mid-East Commission local council of governments.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Bertie County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Bertie County:"}
+{"id": "98612", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98612", "title": "Bladen County, North Carolina", "text": "Bladen County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 29,606 people lived there. Its county seat is Elizabethtown.\nGovernment.\nBladen County is a member of the regional Lumber River Council of Governments.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Bladen County:\nCities and Towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Bladen County:"}
+{"id": "98613", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98613", "title": "Brunswick County, North Carolina", "text": "Brunswick County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 136,693 people lived there. Its county seat is Bolivia.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County.\nGovernment.\nBrunswick County is part of the local Cape Fear Council of Governments.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Brunswick County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Brunswick County:"}
+{"id": "98618", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98618", "title": "Buncombe County, North Carolina", "text": "Buncombe County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 269,452 people lived there. Its county seat is Asheville.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1791 from parts of Burke County and Rutherford County.\nIn 1808 the western part of Buncombe County was made into Haywood County. In 1833 parts of Burke County and Buncombe County were combined to make Yancey County, and in 1838 the southern part of Buncombe County was made into Henderson County. In 1851 parts of Buncombe County and Yancey County were combined to make Madison County. And, in 1925 a small part of McDowell County was made into a part of Buncombe County.\nLaw and government.\nBuncombe County is part of the local Land-of-Sky Regional Council of governments.\nBig roads.\nThese are the most important roads in Buncombe County:\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Buncombe County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Buncombe County:"}
+{"id": "98626", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98626", "title": "Al-Quaeda Organisation in the Islamic Mahgreb", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98627", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98627", "title": "Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98660", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98660", "title": "Public Transport", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98679", "revid": "618792", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98679", "title": "List of rivers of Georgia (U.S. state)", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Georgia (U.S. state):"}
+{"id": "98684", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98684", "title": "List of rivers of Hawaii", "text": "This is a list of rivers and streams in Hawaii:"}
+{"id": "98699", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98699", "title": "Alph River", "text": "The Alph River is a river in Antarctica. The river was named by Griffith Taylor during the British Antarctic Expedition from a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The Xanadu Hills that are close by are also named after this poem."}
+{"id": "98709", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98709", "title": "Escapology", "text": "Escapology is the practice of escaping from restraints or other traps. Escapologists (also called escape artists) escape from handcuffs, straitjackets, cages, steel boxes, barrels, bags, burning buildings, fish-tanks and other such traps, usually doing more than one of these at once. One well-known escapologist is Harry Houdini."}
+{"id": "98713", "revid": "10393077", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98713", "title": "Burke County, North Carolina", "text": "Burke County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 87,570 people lived there. Its county seat is Morganton.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1777 from Rowan County. In 1791 parts of Burke County and Rutherford County were made into Buncombe County. In 1833 parts of Burke County and Buncombe County were made into Yancey County. In 1841 parts of Burke County and Wilkes County were made into Caldwell County. In 1842 more parts of Burke County and Rutherford County were made into McDowell County. And in 1861 parts of Burke County, Caldwell County, McDowell County, Watauga County, and Yancey County were made into Mitchell County.\nGovernment.\nBurke County is part of the local Western Piedmont Council of Governments.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Burke County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Burke County:"}
+{"id": "98714", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98714", "title": "WWE Alumni", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98721", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98721", "title": "Rezovski Creek", "text": "Rezovski Creek (Bulgarian: \"Rezovski Potok\" \\'re-zov-ski po-'tok\\) is a melt-water stream that can be found in Livingston Island, Antarctica. It is 500 meters long. It flows through the northwestern slope of the Balkan Snowfield found between Hesperides Hill, Atlantic Club Ridge, Krum Rock and Sinemorets Hill in eastern Livingston Island."}
+{"id": "98723", "revid": "10089499", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98723", "title": "Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds \u00c9ireann", "text": "Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds \u00c9ireann, called RT\u00c9 for short, is an Irish public service Broadcaster.\nThe company name is in the Irish language. In English it might be translated as Ireland's Radio and Television. \nRT\u00c9 make programmes for TV, Radio and online, they also show programmes on TV, Radio and online. \nOn 1 January 1926 RT\u00c9 started there radio station. On 31 December 1961 television began. \nIt is one of the oldest broadcasters in the world, they have not stopped broadcasting since 1926. \nIt is main office is in Donnybrook in Dublin, with offices across different parts of Ireland.\nHow to Get RT\u00c9.\nRT\u00c9 Television is only available in Ireland, but you can access it online on their on-demand service. \nRT\u00c9 Radio is fully available international on their website and by satellite. In Ireland their main stations are also available for free on Radio. \nHow do RT\u00c9 Make Money.\nRT\u00c9 get money from the TV Licence Fee. The license fee is paid by everyone in Ireland who has a TV. It costs \u20ac160. Many people are unhappy with RT\u00c9 an refuse to pay, they do this risking a fine or going to Jail. \nRT\u00c9 also sell advertising on TV and Radio to make money.\nTelevision.\nIn the Republic of Ireland, RT\u00c9 One and RT\u00c92 are RT\u00c9's main channels. RT\u00c9 also have a news channel, called RT\u00c9 News, and a children's channel, called RT\u00c9jr. \nRT\u00c9's programme \"The Late Late Show\", is the longest running chat show in the world.\nRadio.\nRT\u00c9 Radio has four stations. There are also many digital stations.\nOther.\nRT\u00c9 has many other services.\nRT\u00c9 Concert Orchestra.\nThe \"RT\u00c9 Concert Orchestra is a\" classical musical group."}
+{"id": "98724", "revid": "5400", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98724", "title": "Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98728", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98728", "title": "RTE", "text": "RTE may refer to:"}
+{"id": "98731", "revid": "6104037", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98731", "title": "Onyx River", "text": "The Onyx River is a meltwater stream that flows to the west through the Wright Valley between the Wright Lower Glacier to Lake Vanda. The Onyx River is one of the sites studied by the US Antarctic Program of the National Science Foundation. It is the longest river in Antarctica. It is 32 kilometers long."}
+{"id": "98737", "revid": "4865816", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98737", "title": "Wailua River", "text": "The Wailua River is a river on the island of Kauai in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is very active and gets attention from people visiting Hawaii. It is also the only river that a vessel bigger than a boat can travel up."}
+{"id": "98738", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98738", "title": "Franz Ferdinand (disambiguation)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98739", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98739", "title": "Waimea River (Kauai)", "text": "The Waimea River is a river on the island of Kauai in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It is about long. Lots of people used to live in the valleys of the Waimea River and its tributary, the Makaweli River."}
+{"id": "98804", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98804", "title": "Burnham grammar school", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98806", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98806", "title": "Cabarrus County, North Carolina", "text": "Cabarrus County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 225,804 people lived there. Its county seat is Concord.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1792 from Mecklenburg County.\nGovernment.\nCabarrus County is part of the local Centralina Council of Governments.\nSchools.\nThe Cabarrus County Schools runs all the public schools in the county except for parts of Kannapolis, which has its own school district.\nThe county also has Barber-Scotia College, the Cabarrus College of Health Sciences (a four-year college), and a branch of Rowan-Cabarrus Community College. UNC Charlotte is in Mecklenburg County but is close Cabarrus and is easy to get to by driving on Interstate 85.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Cabarrus County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Cabarrus County:\nLowe's Motor Speedway.\nThe county is home to Lowe's Motor Speedway, which has three NASCAR events every year (the NASCAR All-Star Challenge, the Coca-Cola 600, and the Bank of America 500)."}
+{"id": "98807", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98807", "title": "ZX Spectrum", "text": " The ZX Spectrum was a range of home computers based on the Z80 microchip and sold by Sinclair Research Ltd, the business company owned by British inventor Sir Clive Sinclair. The computer was first produced in April of 1982 as part of a project to sell computers for a low price that any family could afford. The ZX sold more than any other computer at that time in Britain and Spain. The first ZX was especially known for being very small and relatively cheap. The keyboard was made of rubber and the casing was made of plastic.\nSinclair's company produced seven different ZX computers, but other companies had deals with Sinclair Research to build their own version of ZX computers. The biggest of those companies was the American electronics manufacturer Timex who produced three different ZX based computers. Timex were selling between 18,000 and 20,000 of the ZX Spectrum based home computer every month by June 1981 but the Timex computer did not work properly so they had to stop selling them in 1983. Timex were the manufacturers who made most of the Sinclair Research ZX for Europe but the European versions worked correctly. The Sinclair Research version of ZXs were made until 1990 but other companies around the world copied the ZX and made many versions after that. When Sinclair Research stopped making the ZX Spectrum there had been more than 10,000 different games available and lots of peripheral equipment. Some companies still sell new games for the ZX."}
+{"id": "98808", "revid": "8930294", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98808", "title": "Home computer", "text": "A home computer is the name given to early personal computers made in the 1970s and 1980s that could be plugged into a television set. They were used for playing video games and doing school work and were usually owned by teenagers. At that time, most adults did not own a computer at all.\nTypically, home computers can produce colored graphics, have several sound channels and a keyboard. They use a tape recorder or floppy disk drive to load and store programs. Optionally, home computers may be used with a printer, a game cartridge, a modem, joysticks and a mouse. Many of them display an interactive BASIC prompt at start-up.\nHome computers were made possible through the introduction of the microprocessor in the early 1970s. It made computers small, affordable, reliable and power efficient enough that they could be used in homes.\nIn contrast to home computers, computers used by businesses were either bulky minicomputers or gigantic mainframes. Those computers came with much more memory, with hard disks, one or more computer terminals and a proper operating system. However, such machines needed a lot of space, were very noisy and also were far too expensive for private consumers at the time."}
+{"id": "98813", "revid": "595018", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98813", "title": "Z80", "text": "The Z80 microchip was one of the most popular CPU microchips for computers in the 1980s. The Z80 was created by the Zilog company in 1976. Zilog made less than 50% of all Z80s. They are made by Sharp (company), Toshiba, NEC and many other manufacturers around the world. As of 2010, it is still manufactured for use in embedded systems."}
+{"id": "98816", "revid": "1368380", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98816", "title": "Caldwell County, North Carolina", "text": "Caldwell County is a county in the state of North Carolina. In 2020, 80,652 people lived there. Its county seat is Lenoir.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1841 from parts of Burke County and Wilkes County.\nIn 1847 parts of Caldwell County, Iredell County, and Wilkes County were put together to make Alexander County. In 1849 parts of Caldwell County, Ashe County, Wilkes County, and Yancey County were put together to make Watauga County. In 1861, parts of Caldwell County, Burke County, McDowell County, Watauga County, and Yancey County were put together to make Mitchell County. And in 1911 parts of Caldwell County, Mitchell County, and Watauga County were put together to make Avery County.\nGovernment.\nCaldwell County is part of the local Western Piedmont Council of Governments.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Caldwell County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Caldwell County:"}
+{"id": "98817", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98817", "title": "Sinclair Research Ltd", "text": "Sinclair Research Ltd. is a business company who sells inventions. They are known for making new technology for a low price. They specialise in transport devices like wheelchairs, scooters and underwater scooters. They invented a wheelchair that can raise the passenger up on two wheels and climb up stairs."}
+{"id": "98819", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98819", "title": "Sincalir Research Ltd", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98825", "revid": "1675579", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98825", "title": "Kane (wrestler)", "text": "Glenn Thomas Jacobs (born April 26, 1967), better known by the ring name Kane is a European-American politician and professional wrestler. He has been signed to WWE since 1995. Jacobs was made a member of the WWE Hall of Fame in 2021. He has also been the Republican Mayor of Knox County, Tennessee since 2018. As a wrestler, he is a former holder of multiple WWE championships. He has held the WWE title (once), Intercontinental (twice), Hardcore (once), World Heavyweight (once), ECW (once) and Tag Team (11 times between \"Raw\" and \"Smackdown\" ) championships. His most recent championship was an eight-month run with the WWE Tag Team Championship in 2012 and 2013 with Daniel Bryan. He is also known as \"The (Big Red) Monster\", \"The Big Red Machine\" and \"The (Devil's Favorite) Demon\".\nWWE.\nKane has worked for WWE since 1995 when he used to wrestle as Dr. Isaac Yankem DDS, Jerry Lawler's private dentist. During this time he also used to wrestle as Fake Diesel. In 1997, he became Kane and started to feud with other superstars such as Mankind, Ahmed Johnson and The Undertaker. In 1999, Kane became a face and started to team with X-Pac. The pair was together until X-Pac attacked Kane in 2000. The rivalry ended at WrestleMania 2000 where Kane beat X-Pac in a tag team match with Rikishi and Road Dogg. Kane then started feuding with Chris Jericho and he beat him twice at Armageddon and Rebellion, but lost to him at Survivor Series. Later, he teamed with The Undertaker and they faced off against teams including Edge and Christian, Rikishi and Haku, as well as Triple H and Steve Austin. Kane won his first Intercontinental title against Triple H at Judgment Day.\nIn late 2003, Kane unmasked himself and became heel once again feuding with Rob Van Dam, Matt Hardy, Shane McMahon and Snitsky. Later on, Kane, for the second time, turned face and teamed with The Big Show and they faced Chris Masters and Carlito at WrestleMania. In 2008, at Wrestlemania 24, The Big Red Machine, Kane, beat Chavo Guerrero for the ECW Championship. He later lost the title to Mark Henry at Night of Champions.\nSmackDown, World Heavyweight Champion, and WWE Tag Team Champion (2009\u20132013).\nAt the 2009 WWE Draft, Kane beat SmackDown's The Brian Kendrick to win a draft pick for Raw, and later in the night, Kane himself would be traded back to SmackDown. Later in the year, Kane had a rivalry with Chris Jericho, saying that he was the co-captain for Team SmackDown at Bragging Rights which Team SmackDown won. Kane faced Chris Jericho in a #1 Contenders match for an chance to face World Heavyweight Champion the Undertaker and Big Show in a triple threat match at Survivor Series, but lost. On the November 13th episode of SmackDown, Kane turned face after he rescued The Undertaker from \"Jeri-Show\". That same week, Kane also defeated Zack Ryder and Eric Escobar on ECW and SmackDown, respectively.\nAt the Money In The Bank PPV, Kane won the Smackdown Money In The Bank ladder match. Less than an hour later, Kane cashed in his Money in the Bank contract on Rey Mysterio, beating him after a chokeslam and a Tombstone Piledriver, becoming a three time world champion, and also making him the first person ever to have held the WWE, ECW and World Heavyweight Championships within World Wrestling Entertainment.\nIn 2012, he and Daniel Bryan began a storyline which involved both enrolling in an anger management class and then forming a tag team. On September 16, 2012 at Night of Champions, less than a week after their first official match as a team, they won the WWE Tag Team Championship by defeating R-Truth and Kofi Kingston. They held the belts for eight months before losing to Seth Rollins and Roman Reigns at Extreme Rules on May 19, 2013."}
+{"id": "98827", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98827", "title": "Hipparchus", "text": "Hipparchus (greek \nHipparchus was the first Greek whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive. To do this, he used the observations and perhaps the mathematical techniques accumulated over centuries by the Chaldeans from Babylonia. He had a trigonometric table. It looks like he solved some problems of spherical trigonometry with the table. With his solar and lunar theories and his trigonometry, he was perhaps the first to develop a reliable method to predict solar eclipses. His other well-known achievements include the discovery of precession, and the compilation of the Hipparchus Catalog, the first comprehensive star catalog of the western world.\nHe might also have invented the astrolabe, and the armillary sphere which first appeared during his century and which he used in making the star catalog. It would be three centuries before Claudius Ptolemaeus' synthesis of astronomy would make the work of Hipparchus obsolete; it is heavily dependent on it in many areas.\nCraters on the Moon and on Mars are named for Hipparchus, as are an asteroid and the Hipparcos satellite."}
+{"id": "98833", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98833", "title": "Peripheral", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98840", "revid": "70336", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98840", "title": "Battle of Verdun", "text": "The Battle of Verdun was a battle of World War I that started when the German Fifth Army attacked French positions, near Verdun, on February 21, 1916. It ended on December 18, but the front line had not changed very much. Both sides lost about 337,000 soldiers each. Never before had industrialization been so visible in war. The Battle of Verdun is considered the largest and longest in world history and has been called the \"Hell of Verdun\" or the \"Blood Pump\".\nThe battle had more men than any other, and the battlefield was not even 10 km (6 mi) long. There were many attacks and counterattacks; one small village changed hands 16 times. The battle, which lasted 303 days caused over an estimated 700,000 casualties, and about 300,000 deaths. From a strategic point of view, there can be no justification for these terrible losses. The battle lowered the prestige for the two nations, and started being fought for the sake of fighting and honor, according to the German commander, Paul von Hindenburg.\nThe French commander, Marshall Philippe P\u00e9tain, used a system of rotation by which every division in France fought for a short time at Verdun. After the battle, the landscape was left as one of the worst battlegrounds on all of France and was filled with craters of the artillery, the trenches, the odor left by the dead, etc. During the battle, the chief of the German General Staff, Erich Von Falkenhayn, was relieved from duty and sent to lead a joint Austro-Hungarian, German and Bulgarian attack on Romania, which left Hindenburg as Chief of Staff."}
+{"id": "98844", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98844", "title": "Bank of America Tower", "text": "The Bank of America Tower is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 452.4 meters (1,484 feet) tall and has 101 floors. It was built in 2003. It is one of the tallest buildings in the world."}
+{"id": "98852", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98852", "title": "The New York Times Building", "text": "The New York Times Building is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is tall and has 52 floors. It was built in 2007 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. The architect of the building is Renzo Piano."}
+{"id": "98853", "revid": "1458798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98853", "title": "GameShark", "text": "A GameShark is a cheating device for console video game systems and Microsoft Windows computers. It lets the player of a video game do things that the game does not normally let players do, like walk through walls or have unlimited items. To use it, players load cheat codes through a disk or cartridge, then load the game to use them."}
+{"id": "98854", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98854", "title": "70 Pine Street", "text": "70 Pine Street (also the American International Building) is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is a 67-floors, 952-foot (290\u00a0m) office building located at the corner of Pearl Street and running to Cedar Street in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. It was built in 1932 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world"}
+{"id": "98857", "revid": "1477024", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98857", "title": "King penguin", "text": "The king penguin (\"Aptenodytes patagonicus\") is a type of penguin. It is the second largest species of penguin, as it is smaller and shorter than the emperor penguin.\nAppearance.\nKing penguins are usually 70 centimeters (0.7 meters/30 inches) tall and weigh 9 to 15 kilograms (20 to 30 pounds). They have silvery-grey backs, black heads, and bright orange patches of feathers on the sides of their necks. While they look like emperor penguins, they are different in the fact that king penguins have longer beaks, orange coloration on their chest, and are thinner than the emperor penguin. Males and females of the species look the same.\nLife.\nThe king penguin eats krill, small fish, squid, and plankton. In particular, they seem to enjoy eating lanternfish, which makes up most of their diet. They are able to dive to almost 300 meters (about 985 feet) for up to 15 minutes in order to catch their food. King penguins can also swim at 10 kilometers (6 miles) per hour, and their special eyesight helps them see in the dark.\nUnlike most penguins, the king penguin cannot hop, but can only use its feet to walk or run. However, they also use their feet to warm their children, instead of a nest.\nBaby king penguins are dark brown and fluffy. They are usually raised in a cr\u00e8che, or group of penguin children kept together for protection.\nThe king penguin's main predators, or creatures that eat it, are the leopard seal and killer whale. Other birds may attack the penguin's breeding, or nesting, grounds and take away eggs or young penguin chicks."}
+{"id": "98858", "revid": "288237", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98858", "title": "Citigroup Center", "text": "Citigroup Center is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 279 meters (915\u00a0feet) tall and has 59 floors. It was built in 1977 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world."}
+{"id": "98863", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98863", "title": "Industrial engineering", "text": "Industrial engineering is a type of engineering. It is one of the fastest growing areas of engineering. It looks at what makes organizations work best. An industrial engineer tries to find the right combination of human and natural resources, technology, equipment, information and finance to do the work best. Industrial engineering is important to finding the answers to many important problems in manufacturing, distribution of goods and services, health care, utilities, transportation, entertainment, and the environment. Industrial engineers design and change how things are done to increase quality, safety and productivity."}
+{"id": "98864", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98864", "title": "Trump World Tower", "text": "Trump World Tower is a skyscraper in New York City, United States. It is 262 meters (861\u00a0feet) tall and has 72 floors. It was built in 2001 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world"}
+{"id": "98866", "revid": "1687742", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98866", "title": "30 Rockefeller Plaza", "text": "30 Rockefeller Plaza is a skyscraper at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City, United States. It was known in the past as the RCA Building, the GE Building, and the Comcast Building. 30 Rockefeller Plaza is tall and has 69 floors. It was built in 1933 and was one of the tallest buildings in the world when it opened.\nHistory.\nRaymond Hood, the architect, made the plans for Rockefeller Center. He talked with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) to make a large place for mass media. RCA owned the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) and Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) companies. The first plan for 30 Rockefeller Plaza was made in March 1930. By May 1930, RCA, NBC, and RKO said they would move to 30 Rockefeller Center. The last plan for the building was done in March 1931.\nWorkers started making the building in March 1932. 30 Rockefeller Plaza opened in May 1933. It was the first building at Rockefeller Center to be opened. It was one of the tallest buildings in the world.\nCompanies.\nNBC was one of the first companies in 30 Rockefeller Plaza. It had 35 television studios in the building. People could go on tours of the NBC Studios every day. The biggest studio was Studio 8H, which could have 1,400 people inside it.\nThe Standard Oil Company moved into 30 Rockefeller Plaza in 1934. The New York Museum of Science and Industry moved to the bottom floors because other companies did not want to move there. Westinghouse Electric Corporation was on the 14th through 17th floors. The Rockefeller family also moved into a lot of the floors in the building. The family had an office called Room 5600 on the 56th floor. Room 5600 became bigger after World War II. The family went to another building in 2014.\nPeople wanted to use the roof of the building for entertainment. The 67th, 69th, and 70th floors have places where people can look at the city from high above. The highest one is the \"Top of the Rock\" Observation deck. These places were opened in July 1933 and many people went there. A restaurant called the Rainbow Room is on the 65th floor. The Rainbow Room opened on October 3, 1934.\nBuilding design.\n30 Rockefeller Plaza is tall. 30 Rockefeller Plaza was built to be only one structure that takes up all of the space in the block between Sixth Avenue and Rockefeller Plaza. \n30 Rockefeller Plaza's architecture has a limestone facade and Gothic-like four-leafed spandrels. This affected the design of the rest of the complex (a group of related buildings)."}
+{"id": "98870", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98870", "title": "Egyptian mythology", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98873", "revid": "1000261", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98873", "title": "Roger Taney", "text": "Roger Brooke Taney (March 17, 1777 \u2013 October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1836 until his death in 1864. He came after John Marshall and despite the many influential things done by his predecessor, still was able to write several major opinions. His decision in Dred Scott to send a slave living in a free state back to his master in a slave state canceled out several compromises that had been keeping the Union together. When president Abraham Lincoln began using powers not normally given to the presidency to put certain rights on hold, Taney kept on trying to overrule him. These attempts were ignored and rumored to have almost led to Taney's arrest.\nWhen Taney County, Missouri was officially organized in 1837, it was named in his honor. At the time Abraham Lincoln became president, Taney swore in Lincoln."}
+{"id": "98874", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98874", "title": "Supreme court", "text": "A supreme court also known as a court of last resort and court of final appeal, is generally the highest court in a country. This means that, decisions made by the Supreme Court can't be challenged at other courts. However, not all highest courts are named as such. Civil law countries do not tend to have only one high court. Additionally, the highest court in some jurisdictions is not named the \"Supreme Court\". For example, the High Court of Australia. In some places the court named the \"Supreme Court\" is not the highest court. Examples include the New York Supreme Court, the Supreme Courts of several provinces and territories of Canada and the former Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales. Decisions made in these courts are all subject to higher courts of appeal. Some countries have a separate constitutional court, a high court that deals with issues regarding that country's constitution.\nPolitical issues.\nMany, like the Supreme Court of the United States, at times become involved in political issues. These include the Supreme Courts of Egypt, Pakistan, Israel, India and Kuwait. One of the most controversial political decisions was \"Bush v. Gore\", 531 U.S. 98 (2000), a United States Supreme Court decision that resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 United States presidential election. There has been a good deal of controversy over the European Court of Justice reviewing decisions made by member state governments. The president of the Supreme Court of Israel, Aharon Barak, has been criticized for, along with others, dominating the government of Israel."}
+{"id": "98877", "revid": "1141223", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98877", "title": "Rock Music", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98879", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98879", "title": "Lee Chaolan", "text": "Lee Chaolan is a video game character in \"Tekken\". The first time he was in Tekken was the first Tekken game.\nCharacter.\nLee Chaolan was an orphan before the first game started, but was adopted as a child by Heihachi Mishima.\nKazuya Mishima, Heihachi's son, was Lee's arch nemesis since they were children. Kazuya always won against Lee. Lee is now in a world of hate because of this experience. He holds a constant grudge against Kazuya. \nLee Chaolan's fighting style uses mostly feet. Using his long legs and quick feet, he can take down any foe that comes his way. Kazuya uses a balanced force of fist and foot to take down his foes. Balance is Kazuya's key to victory over his rival Lee.\nHe turned 48 in Tekken 5 but the creators made him look younger. "}
+{"id": "98896", "revid": "1050767", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98896", "title": "Scooter", "text": "A scooter is a bicycle or tricycle with very small wheels. Some scooters have a motor, some have pedals, and some are pushed with the foot. Scooters with motors are called \"motor scooters\". There are many different kinds of scooters. They include motor scooters and kick scooters.\nSome scooters have four wheels. People who don't have much balance can drive that kind.\nIn some places, riders of motor scooters need a driver's license for driving a motorcycle. In other places, they only need a licence for driving a moped. Some scooters can hold two people."}
+{"id": "98897", "revid": "1531955", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98897", "title": "Tricycle", "text": "A tricycle is a vehicle with three wheels. It can be also called a trike. Tricycles can have pedals, an electric motor or a petrol engine.\nHuman powered.\nA child's tricycle is best known, but adult tricycles are becoming more common. The adult trikes will have a chain, gears and are recumbent (the feet are in front of the body). They come in two main styles: tadpole with two wheels up front and one in back and delta with two wheels in the back and one wheel in the front. Almost always the front wheel or wheels steer the bike, and power goes to the back wheel or wheels.\nSome trikes are \"fully faired\" (covered in a shell to cut wind resistance). These are called velomobiles.\nOther trikes are built to carry cargo or passengers (also called a \"cycle rickshaw\" or \"pedicabs\").\nMotor driven.\nMotorcycles also come in three wheeled versions. Some people like them for better balance or more room."}
+{"id": "98898", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98898", "title": "Petrol engine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98899", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98899", "title": "ECW World Heavyweight Championship", "text": "The ECW World Heavyweight Championship, later known simply as the ECW Championship was a professional wrestling world championship. It was competed for in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1992 to 2001 and in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2006 to 2010, on their ECW brand."}
+{"id": "98901", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98901", "title": "Combustion engine", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98903", "revid": "7167", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98903", "title": "Scooters", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98910", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98910", "title": "List of rivers of China", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in China, by where they flow into:"}
+{"id": "98911", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98911", "title": "List of rivers of Idaho", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Idaho:"}
+{"id": "98915", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98915", "title": "List of rivers of Illinois", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Illinois:"}
+{"id": "98916", "revid": "656019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98916", "title": "List of rivers of Indiana", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in Indiana, by letter:"}
+{"id": "98917", "revid": "10503397", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98917", "title": "The Golden Compass (movie)", "text": "The Golden Compass is a fantasy movie, which was released on December 5, 2007 by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. The movie is based on the book \"Northern Lights\" (also known as \"The Golden Compass\"), the first novel in Philip Pullman's trilogy \"His Dark Materials\".\nThe cast includes Dakota Blue Richards, Nicole Kidman, Ian McKellen, Christopher Lee, Daniel Craig, Ian McShane, and Sam Elliott.\nPlot.\nLord Asriel has found something called \"dust\" that separates us and another universe. People do not believe this idea. The Magisterium, a very large and strong group, try to kill him by poisoning his drink. Lyra, his niece, was playing, heard someone coming, hid, and saw a priest try to poison the drink. She then ran out and saved Asriel before he could drink. Asriel later goes to the North Pole to find this dust.\nLyra is also given something called a golden compass. The person says that it's the only one in the world and that only a few people know how to use it.\nA woman named Mrs. Coulter then tries to get Lyra in with her. She promises her that they will go to the Arctic."}
+{"id": "98926", "revid": "196884", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98926", "title": "Independent body", "text": "An independent body is a group employed to give a view without bias. Independent bodies are mainly employed to review public services. Some news groups claim to be independent bodies. In the United States, they are called an independent agency or an independent regulatory agency."}
+{"id": "98928", "revid": "1142876", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98928", "title": "Gaeilge", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98929", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98929", "title": "B. B. King", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98935", "revid": "19712", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98935", "title": "Limbourg brothers", "text": "The Limbourg brothers, or in Dutch \"Gebroeders van Limburg\" (Herman, Paul, and Johan; fl. 1385 \u2013 1416), were famous Dutch Renaissance miniature painters from the city of Nijmegen. They were active in the early 15th century in France and Burgundy. They created what is certainly the best known late medieval illuminated manuscript, \"Les Tr\u00e8s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry\"."}
+{"id": "98938", "revid": "325103", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98938", "title": "Anthony Stewart Head", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98940", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98940", "title": "Anthony Head", "text": "Anthony Stewart Head (born 20 February 1954) is an English actor and musician who has appeared in theatre, television and movies. He is most well known for his role as Rupert Giles in the American television drama series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", as the Prime Minister in the British comedy show \"Little Britain\", as Dr. Frank N Furter in the London revival of \"The Rocky Horror Show\" and for a series of coffee adverts in the United Kingdom and the United States. He is credited by his full name on American television, and sometimes as Tony Head elsewhere. He also played Phil Norton in 5 episodes of the first season \"Howards' Way\"."}
+{"id": "98950", "revid": "1570152", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98950", "title": "Uluru", "text": "Uluru, also called Ayers Rock, is a name given to a huge rock near Alice Springs in the Australian Outback and located in Ulu\u1e5fu-Kata Tju\u1e6fa National Park. This is a holy place for some Aboriginal Australians. It is in the Western Desert, in the middle of Australia. It was listed as a World Heritage site in 1987 because of its geology. In 1997 it was again listed as a World Heritage site, this time because of its importance to the Anangu people. It was the second place in the world to be listed as culturally significant, and it is one of the few places in the world to have two listings.\nHistory.\nThe Anangu people believe that Uluru, and the rest of Central Australia, was formed by ancestral beings at the beginning of time. The Anangu are directly descended from these ancestors. \nModern science shows that they have lived around Uluru for more than 40,000 years They continued to live their traditional life until the 1930s. This was a nomadic life, moving around to hunt and gather food according to the seasons. They have a complex ceremonial life based around Uluru. They are one of the oldest human societies on earth.\nThe first Europeans to see Uluru were explorers led by William Christie Gosse. He saw Uluru on 19 July 1873 and named it Ayers Rock after Sir Henry Ayers, who was Chief Secretary of South Australia. The land was too dry and remote for farming, and very few people came to Uluru until the mid 20th century.\nGeography.\nSee geography of Uluru and Kata Tjuta."}
+{"id": "98951", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98951", "title": "Ayers Rock", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98960", "revid": "15328", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98960", "title": "Sugar, We're Going Down", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98963", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98963", "title": "Elapid", "text": "The Elapidae, or elapids, are a family of venomous snakes. These snakes can be found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. They can also be found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. They are characterized by a set of hollow, fixed fangs through which they inject venom. There are snakes of different sizes, from only 18\u00a0cm (\"Drysdalia\") up to 6 m in length (\"King Cobra\"). Currently, 61 genera with 231 species are known.\nDescription.\nOn land.\nThose elapids that live on land look a lot like the colubrids: almost all have long and slender bodies with smooth scales, a head that is covered with large shields and not always distinct from the neck, and eyes with round pupils. In addition, their behavior is usually quite active and most are oviparous. There are exceptions to all these generalizations: For example, the death adders (\"Acanthophis\") include short and fat, rough-scaled, very broad-headed, cat-eyed, live-bearing, sluggish ambush predators with partly fragmented head shields.\nSome species spend most of their lives in trees or bushes; this is called arboreal (African \"Pseudohaje\" and \"Dendroaspis\", Australian \"Hoplocephalus\"). Many others are specialised burrowers (e.g. \"Ogmodon\", \"Parapistocalamus\", \"Simoselaps\", \"Toxicocalamus\", \"Vermicella\"). Some species have very generalised diets. Others have specialised on a certain kind of prey. They have also adapted themselves, to better be able to feed on other snakes, certain lizards, squamate eggs, mammals, birds, frogs, fish, etc. \nIn the water.\nSea snakes, which are also elapids, have adapted to a marine way of life in different ways. All have evolved their tails so they can be used for swimming. They can also excrete salt. Most also have changed bodies, better suited for swimming. Ventral scales are much smaller, the nostrils of the snakes are located dorsally and without scales between them. They give birth to live young (ovoviviparous). In general they have the ability to breathe through their skin; experiments with the yellow-bellied sea snake, \"Pelamis platurus\", have shown that this species can satisfy about 20% of its oxygen requirements in this manner. This makes it possible to stay underwater longer. The sea kraits (\"Laticauda sp. \"), are the least well-adapted to an aquatic life. They spend much of their time on land where they also lay their eggs (oviparous). They have wide ventral scales, the tail is not as well-developed for swimming, and their nostrils are separated by scales.\nVenom for hunting and self-defense.\nAll elapids have a pair of proteroglyphous fangs that are used to inject venom from glands located towards the rear of the upper jaws. The fangs are the first two teeth on each maxillary bone, which are enlarged and hollow, and usually only one is in place on each side at any time. The maxilla is intermediate in length and mobility between typical colubrids (long, less mobile) and viperids (very short, highly mobile). When the mouth is closed, the fangs fit into grooved slots in the buccal floor; in the longest-fanged elapids (e.g. \"Acanthophis\", \"Oxyuranus\") it is common for the fangs to pierce right through the intermandibular skin, which does not seem to endanger the snake. The fangs are usually below the front edge of the eye and are angled backwards; due to this construction, most elapids must actually bite in order to envenomate. This action is therefore not as quick as with the viperids, that can envenomate with only a quick, stabbing motion. Some elapids (\"Acanthophis\", \"Oxyuranus\", and especially \"Dendroaspis\") have long fangs on quite mobile maxillae (the prefrontal and ectopterygoid contacts are nearly as close together as in viperids), and can therefore make very fast stabbing strikes like viperids. A few species are capable of spraying their venom from forward facing holes at the tips of their fangs as a means of defense. Elapids use their venom both to immobilize their prey and in self-defense.\nVenom.\nAll elapids are venomous and many are potentially deadly. The venoms are mostly neurotoxic and are considered more dangerous than the mainly proteolytic viper venoms. Members include the black mamba (\"Dendroaspis polylepis\"), a species many regard as the world's most dangerous snake, the fierce snake (\"Oxyuranus microlepidotus\"), which is the most venomous land snake to mice. \nBelcher\u2019s Sea Snake (\"Hydrophis belcheri)\", has the most toxic venom of all snakes. It is found in the warm, shallow waters of the Indian Ocean, around Indonesia, the Philippines, and Australia. It feeds primarily on small fish and eels. "}
+{"id": "98965", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98965", "title": "Colubrid", "text": "A colubrid (from Latin \"coluber\", snake) is a snake that is a member of the Colubridae family. Colubridae is the largest snake family, and includes about two-thirds of all known living snake species. However, colubrids are \"certainly not a natural group\", and many are more closely related to other groups, such as elapids, than to each other. This family has classically been a dumping ground for snakes that do not fit anywhere else. There is on-going mitochondrial DNA research which will sort out the familial relations within this group.\nA colubrid's body is almost completely covered in scales. Most colubrids are not venomous and are normally harmless. A few groups, such as genus \"Boiga\", can produce medically significant bites. In addition, the Boomslang and African twig snake have both caused human fatalities. The venom-injecting fangs associated with venomous colubrids are almost always in the back of the mouth, in contrast to vipers and elapids."}
+{"id": "98967", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98967", "title": "Colubridae", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98968", "revid": "9260568", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98968", "title": "Central Finland", "text": "Central Finland, \"Keski-Suomi\", is a region of Finland with about 270,000 inhabitants. Neighbouring regions are Pirkanmaa, Southern Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Northern Ostrobothnia, Northern Savonia, Southern Savonia and P\u00e4ij\u00e4nne Tavastia.\nMunicipalities.\nThere are 27 municipalities in Central Finland. Cities and towns are marked in bold."}
+{"id": "98969", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98969", "title": "Sea snake", "text": "A sea snake, or coral reef snake, is a venomous elapid snake. They live in marine environments for most or all of their lives. At present, 17 genera are described as sea snakes, with 62 species.\nThey evolved from snakes that lived on the land. Some sea snakes still have some of the behaviour and traits of their ancestors, such as \"Laticauda\", which can move a little on land. Most sea snakes are unable to move on the ground at all, but they are well adapted to living in the water.\nSea snakes are found in warm coastal waters from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. They live in the tropical and warm regions, but not in the Atlantic Ocean, or the North American coast above the Gulf of California.\nDescription.\nMost sea snakes grow to sizes between 1.2m and 1.4m, some can reach 2m or more. \"Hydrophis cyanocinctus\" reach 2.5m to 3m. They reach a weight of about 0.8 -1.3\u00a0kg, at a size of 1.8m. In most cases, females are larger than males.\nAll sea snakes have paddle-like tails and many have laterally compressed bodies \u2013 they look somewhat like eels. However, unlike fish, they do not have gills and must come to the surface regularly to breathe. Nevertheless, they are among the most completely aquatic of all air-breathing vertebrates. Among this group are species with some of the most potent venoms of all snakes. Some have gentle dispositions and bite only when provoked, while others are much more aggressive.\nAll snakes are good swimmers, but only real sea snakes live their whole lives in the ocean. Not only do they live there, they eat there and even have their young there. Most cannot live at all on land. If they get forced onto land by a storm or powerful currents, they are unable to move. Sea snakes have no \"scutes\" (special scales on snakes' bellies that help them grip and slither across the ground), so if a sea snake ends up on a beach, it is unable to slither back out to sea. Instead, sea snakes have a paddle-shaped tail. With its tail, the snake can swim well. \nSea snakes have special nostrils that can close when they go underwater and open when they come up to breathe, like the blowhole of a whale (biologists call these \"valved\" nostrils). The nostrils are found high up on the head so that the entire snake can stay under the water when they come up to breathe. In its search for food, a sea snake may remain under water for a long time. To do this, sea snakes have evolved a single lung that almost is as long as the whole body.\nMost sea snakes are able to breathe through their skin. This is unusual for reptiles, because their skin is normally thick and scaly. Annulated Sea Snakes spends much of its time underwater, coming to the surface only to breathe. It\u2019s more active during the night and is typically not aggressive towards humans. Experiments with the black-and-yellow sea snake, \"Pelamis platurus\" (a pelagic species), have shown that this species can get about 20% of its oxygen in this manner, which allows for longer dives.\nLike other land animals that have adapted to life in a marine environment, sea snakes swallow considerably more salt than their relatives living on land. They do this through their diet and when they inadvertently swallow sea water. Kidney function in birds and reptiles is too weak to remove enough salt. In birds, such as penguins, salt is removed through nasal glands. The marine iguanas of the Galapagos Islands use the same mechanism. Sea turtles have lacrimal glands that allow them to produce very salty tears. But in sea snakes, glands under and around the tongue let them expel salt with their tongue action.\nVenom.\nNatural function.\nMost sea snakes prey on fish, especially eels. The latter stiffens and dies within seconds when bitten. One species prefers molluscs and crustaceans, such as prawns. Some reef dwelling species have small heads and thin necks, making it possible for them to get small eels from the soft bottom where they hide.\nEffect of venom on humans.\n\"Pelamis platurus\" has a venom more potent than any other terrestrial snake species in Costa Rica. The snake is very common in the waters of the western coast of Costa Rica. Despite this, few human deaths have been reported. Nevertheless, all sea snakes should be handled with great caution.\nWhen bites occur, only a small amount of venom is injected. The symptoms caused by the venom may seem slight at first. There is usually little or no swelling involved, and it is rare for any nearby lymph nodes to be affected. The most important symptoms are a rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and paralysis. Early symptoms include headache, a thick-feeling tongue, thirst, sweating, and vomiting. Symptoms that can occur after 30\u00a0minutes to several hours after the bite include generalized aching, stiffness, and tenderness of muscles all over the body. This is followed later on by symptoms typical of other elapid attacks: a progressive paralysis of muscles. Paralysis of muscles involved in swallowing and respiration (breathing) can be fatal. After three to eight hours, myoglobin may start to show up in the blood plasma. This is a result of muscle breakdown. It can cause the urine to turn a dark reddish, brown, or black in color, and eventually lead to kidney failure. After six to twelve hours, severe hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrest. The hyperkalemia is also the result of muscle breakdown."}
+{"id": "98971", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98971", "title": "Elapidae", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98974", "revid": "593910", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98974", "title": "Archduke", "text": "The title of Archduke (feminine: Archduchess) (German: \"Erzherzog\", feminine form: \"Erzherzogin\") is a rank above Duke and under King. It is very rare. It was used only by males of the House of Habsburg. \nRuler style.\nThe English word is recorded only since 1530, derived from Middle Latin \"archidux\", from \"arch(i)-\" (primary or chief) + \"dux\" 'duke' .\nArchduke (\"Erzherzog\") is a title distinct from Grand Duke (\"Gro\u00dfherzog\" or \"Gro\u00dff\u00fcrst\") that is used in some other German royal houses and still in sovereign Luxemburg."}
+{"id": "98975", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98975", "title": "Eastern Front (World War One)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98976", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98976", "title": "Trench warfare", "text": "Trench warfare is a battle tactic, or way of fighting. It was commonly used on the Western Front in the First World War. It has been utilized in other wars, such as the Iran-Iraq War and the Russo-Ukrainian War.\nIn this style of fighting, soldiers on a battlefield dig trenches to protect themselves. These trenches have many different parts, such as places for sleeping, storage, headquarters, and weapons. Behind the front lines are other trenches for moving soldiers and supplies.\nIn trench warfare, there is an area called \"no man's land\" between the front trenches on the battlefield. Soldiers on each side try to cross no man's land to get to the enemy's trenches and attack. This area is often covered with barbed wire and land mines. \nIn World War I (1914 - 1918).\nTrench warfare was widely used during World War I. \nLife in the trenches.\nDeath was frequent in the trenches, even when there was no fighting. Many soldiers fighting in trench warfare died of disease. \nThe trenches were dirty. Some men disappeared into the mud because it was so thick. The cold, wet and unsanitary conditions made many soldiers sick. Lice spread trench fever, a fungal infection which caused severe head pain and fever. Rats invaded the trenches and spread disease everywhere. The brown rats were the more hated kind. They ate human remains. Some grew to be as big as cats.\nThe trenches had a terrible smell. Bodies were rotting in shallow graves; men had not washed in weeks because there were no facilities; cesspits were overflowing; and creosol or chloride of lime were used to fight the constant threat of disease and infection. There was also the lingering odour of poison gas, and the smells of cordite, rotting sandbags, stagnant mud, cigarette smoke, and cooking food.\nThe trench system.\nFront-line trenches were usually about seven feet deep and six feet wide. The front side of the trench was called the parapet. The rear side was called the parados. Along the top of the parapet and the parados, soldiers typically built a wall of sandbags that was two to three feet tall. The sandbags helped to absorb bullets and shell fragments.\nIt was impossible for soldiers to see over the top of a 7-foot trench. To solve this problem, armies added a two or three-foot ledge called a fire-step to the trenches. \nTrenches were not dug in straight lines. If the trenches were straight, and the enemy got into them, they could shoot straight along the line. Instead, soldiers dug trenches with alternate fire-bays and traverses.\nDuck-boards were also placed at the bottom of the trenches to protect soldiers from problems such as trench foot. Soldiers also made dugouts and funk holes in the side of the trenches to give them some protection from the weather and enemy fire.\nThe front-line trenches were also protected by barbed-wire entanglements and machine-gun posts. Short trenches called saps were dug from the front-line trench into No-Man's Land. The sap-head, usually about 30 yards forward of the front-line, was then used for listening posts.\nBehind the front-line trenches were support and reserve trenches. The three rows of trenches covered between 200 and 500 yards of ground. Communication trenches were dug at an angle to the front-line trench and were used to transport men, equipment and food supplies.\nIn some places No Man's Land could be as narrow as thirty meters (100 feet). Tanks were commonly used to cross this land. "}
+{"id": "98978", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98978", "title": "Port-de-Paix", "text": "Port-de-Paix (Kr\u00e9y\u00f2l: \"P\u00f2dep\u00e8\" or \"P\u00f2dp\u00e8\"; in English means \"Peace Port\") is a city and the capital of the d\u00e9partement of Nord-Ouest in Haiti on the Atlantic coast.\nThe city is close to the mouth of the river Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, one of the most important river in Haiti. It has a population of 115,000 (2003 census), with 25,000 living in the city.\nChristopher Columbus came to this region on 15 December 1492 and he gave it the name \"Valle del Para\u00edso\" or \"Valparaiso\" (Spanish for \"Paradise Valley\") because he found that this was a very beautiful valley.\nA ferry operates between the town and Tortuga Island (La Tortue) situated just across the water.\nThe town was founded in 1665 by French buccaneers (a kind of pirates in the Caribbean) from Tortuga Island when they had to leave the island. In 1676 the town saw the first black slave revolt; its leader was \"Padre Jean\" (also \"Padrejean\" and \"Pedro Juan\") and who was killed by buccaneers in 1679 in the mountains close to Port-de-Paix.\nThe area saw great success during the 19th century and Port-de-Paix was an important port; from here, bananas and coffee were sent to other countries. In 1902 the town was almost entirely destroyed by fire.\nPort-de-Paix is also the chief town of an arrondissement (a part of a department) of the same name. The arondissement consists of four communes (like municipalities): Port-de-Paix, Bassin Bleu, Chansolme and Tortuga Island.\nMedia.\nLe Novateur"}
+{"id": "98983", "revid": "1642017", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98983", "title": "Device controller", "text": "A device controller is a system that handles the incoming and outgoing signals of the CPU by acting as a bridge between CPU and the I/O devices. A device is connected to the computer via a plug and socket, and the socket is connected to a device controller. Device controllers use binary and digital codes. An I/O device contains mechanical and electrical parts. A device controller is the electrical part of the I/O device.\nDevice-Operating System Communication.\nThe Device Controller receives the data from a connected device and stores it temporarily in some special purpose registers (i.e. local buffer) inside the controller. Then it communicates the data with a Device Driver. For each device controller there is an equivalent device driver which is the standard interface through which the device controller communicates with the Operating Systems through Interrupts. Device controller is a hardware whereas device driver is a software.\nThe controller's job is to convert the serial bit stream to block bytes and perform any error correction necessary. \nEach device controller is in charge of a specific type of device (for example disk drives, audio devices, or video displays). Each device controller has a local buffer."}
+{"id": "98993", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98993", "title": "Publisher", "text": ""}
+{"id": "98995", "revid": "9790596", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98995", "title": "Rostov-on-Don", "text": "Rostov-on-Don () is a city in the European part of Russia. It is on the River Don, about 46\u00a0km before it flows into the Sea of Azov. The city is the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. About 1 million people live in the city (as of 2002).\nHistory.\nThe mouth of the Don River has been very important since the ancient times. It has been important for cultural reasons and for trade. The Greek colony \"Tanais\" was there, and also the Genoese fort Tana. Later, the Ottoman Empire built a fortress there. This fortress was named Azov.\nRostov-on-Don was founded in 1749. In that year, a customs house was built on the Don. Later, a large fortress followed. It was named after Saint Dimitry of Rostov. Dmitry of Rostov was a bishop from the old Northern town Rostov the Great. With the time, the importance of the fortress Asov became less and less. The settlement near the fortress became more important than the fortress. It was the commercial centre of the region. In 1796 this settlement received city rights and was renamed Rostov-on-Don.\nThe Don River that the city is named afrer is a major shipping lane. It connects southwestern Russia with regions to the north. Rostov-on-Don is an important river port both for people and industrial shipping. With such a good geographical location, the city grew quickly. It is the most industrialized city of South Russia. Because of this, the city caused a large problem between the Whites and the Bolsheviks during the Civil War. By 1928, the regional government was moved from the old Cossack capital Novocherkassk to Rostov. The nearby Armenian town of Nor Nakhijevan became a part of the city.\nIn the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks destroyed two of Rostov's main landmarks - St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St George Cathedral in Nakhichevan (1783-1807). Much of the city was destroyed by the German forces who took control of it three times - in 1918, 1941 and 1942. Today, the most notable part of the historical city is the very big Cathedral of Virgin's Nativity (1860-87), designed by Konstantin Thon.\nThe city was also the home of Russia's most well known serial killer Andrei Chikatilo but he was not actually born there.\nRostov-on-Don has had much economic growth in recent years. Part of this is because the Russian economy is getting stronger. Many new companies have built headquarters in the city. People living in the city are making more money than they did in the past. The city is being changed from a place thrown back in time by the collapse of communism into a modern, industrial and technology-rich city.\nEducation.\nPublic educational institutions include Southern Federal University and Don State Technical University. The major private university in the city is the Institute of Management, Business and Law. There is also a French cultural center, run by Alliance Francaise, a British-Council, a Goethe-Institut, and a Bosch Foundation.\nRostov Economic State University 'RINH' is a very famous university in Rostov-on-Don. It has 5 Institutes, as Finance, IT and Management, National and World Economics, Marketing and Commerce, Account and Economics, Law, Linguistics and Journalism and 9 filials.\nSport.\nTwo professional football clubs are based in Rostov-on-Don. FC Rostov play in the Russian Premier League and SKA are in the First Division. Handball team Rostov-Don plays in the Russian Handball Championship.\nSister cities.\nThe city is twinned with:"}
+{"id": "98998", "revid": "1687742", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=98998", "title": "Crypto.com Arena", "text": "Crypto.com Arena, originally known as Staples Center, is an indoor multi-purpose arena in downtown Los Angeles, California. It is home to two basketball teams\u2014the Los Angeles Lakers the NBA and Los Angeles Sparks of the WNBA\u2014plus the Los Angeles Kings of the NHL in ice hockey. It was also home of the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers before that team moved to the new Intuit Dome in suburban Inglewood after the 2023\u201324 season. They have the Grammy Awards here every year. The building hosted World Wrestling Entertainment's pay-per-view WrestleMania 21 in 2005.\nOn December 25, 2021, the arena was renamed Crypto.com Arena, for a Singapore-based cryptocurrency exchange that bought the naming rights."}
+{"id": "99005", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99005", "title": "Camden County, North Carolina", "text": "Camden County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 10,335 people lived there. Its county seat is the town of Camden. Camden County is the first and only consolidated city-county in North Carolina.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1777 from the northeastern part of Pasquotank County.\nGovernment.\nCamden County is part of the local Albemarle Commission.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Camden County:"}
+{"id": "99007", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99007", "title": "Caswell County, North Carolina", "text": "Caswell County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 22,736 people lived there. Its county seat is Yanceyville.\nHistory.\nCaswell County was made in 1777 from the northern part of Orange County. In 1792 the eastern half of Caswell County was made into Person County.\nGovernment.\nCaswell County is part of the local Piedmont Triad Council of Governments.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Caswell County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Caswell County:"}
+{"id": "99008", "revid": "1674545", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99008", "title": "Internet forum", "text": "One type of a forum is an online discussion site on the Internet. Users can type messages for others to see, and reply to other user's messages. Messages (or \"posts\") are organised by topic (or \"thread\"), with each poster either replying to an existing topic or creating a new topic for a new conversation.\nForums can be found on a lot of websites. Internet forums are often used to show people information. Things like pictures hyperlinks and images can also be put on the board, or \"posted\".\nMany Internet forums have rules against things such as spamming and trolling. If people do those kind of things, they will be warned, and if they continue, they will be banned.\nForums also have their own set of rules. A rule which is used by many forums is not to comment or bring up old threads because those forums were made to discuss the newest events.\nThere are usually three different types of rankings on a forum:\nPeople participating in a forum may make friends with each other and may form groups with the same ideas."}
+{"id": "99009", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99009", "title": "Catawba County, North Carolina", "text": "Catawba County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 160,610 people lived there. Its county seat is Newton.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1842 from Lincoln County.\nGovernment.\nCatawba County is part of the local Western Piedmont Council of Governments.\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Catawba County:"}
+{"id": "99010", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99010", "title": "Stone tool", "text": "Stone tools are tools made of stone. The oldest stone tools were created by non-human hominids before the genus \"Homo\" evolved. Once human species evolved, all of them (including \"Homo habilis\" and \"Homo erectus)\" used stone tools. Since stone tools were the first ever used by mankind, the Stone Age was named after them.\nThe oldest stone tools.\nThe oldest tools ever found come from the shores of Lake Turkana in Kenya. The paleoenvironment in that area was wooded. \nThe tools are around 3.3 million years old, according to scientists who dated them based on volcanic ash and minerals around the tools. They are 700,000 years older than any tools found before. \nNon-human hominids used stone tools before the genus \"Homo\" evolved. Members of species like \"Australopithecus afarensis\" or \"Kenyanthropus platyops\" may have made the Lake Turkana tools.\nThe research team has proposed the term \"Lomekwian\" for these tools, and says they mark the start of archaeology. "}
+{"id": "99011", "revid": "18864", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99011", "title": "DJ BoBo", "text": "Peter Ren\u00e9 Baumann (born 5 January 1968) better known as DJ BoBo, is a Swiss singer, songwriter, dancer and music producer. He mixed a song called \"Chihuahua\" in 2005. It was a remix from a Spanish single in 2002. DJ BoBo is also famous for his entry in the Eurovision Song Contest of 2007."}
+{"id": "99032", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99032", "title": "Cherokee County, North Carolina", "text": "Cherokee County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 28,774 people lived there. Its county seat is Murphy.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1839 from the western part of Macon County. In 1861 the southeastern part of Cherokee County became Clay County and in 1872 its northeastern part became Graham County.\nGovernment.\nCherokee County is part of the local Southwestern Commission.\nConnected counties.\nThese counties are connected to Cherokee County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Cherokee County:"}
+{"id": "99034", "revid": "1685581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99034", "title": "Chowan County, North Carolina", "text": "Chowan County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 13,708 people lived there. Its county seat is Edenton.\nLaw and government.\nChowan County is part of the local Albemarle Commission council of government.\nConnected counties.\nThe counties are connected to Chowan County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Chowan County:"}
+{"id": "99036", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99036", "title": "Clay County, North Carolina", "text": "Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. During the 2020 United States Census, 11,089 people lived there. Its county seat is Hayesville.\nHistory.\nThe county was made in 1861 from the southeastern part of Cherokee County.\nGovernment.\nClay County is part of the local Southwestern Commission council of governments.\nConnected Counties.\nThese counties are connected to Clay County:\nCities and towns.\nThese cities and towns are in Clay County:"}
+{"id": "99037", "revid": "15901", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99037", "title": "Wikt", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99038", "revid": "1652218", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99038", "title": "Character (computing)", "text": "For computers, a character is a letter, number, or punctuation mark that can be shown on a screen, or printed. There are also some unseen characters, called \"control characters\". An example of a control character is the carriage return or line feed that tells the software to start a new line. A \"glyph\" is the shape of the character that is seen when put on screen or on paper.\nSince computers only use numbers, they use number codes to represent characters. For example, in ASCII, the number 65 represents the letter 'A'. The computer knows, when working in ASCII, to put the glyph for 'A' on the screen when it sees the number 65. The glyph can change shape slightly depending on the font that is used, if it is bold or in \"italics\", etc. But it is still stored as a 65 in the computer, that does not change.\nASCII and Unicode.\nOne of the early standards for storing characters was ASCII. It uses 7 bits to store each character. This allows 128 characters\u2014enough for the numbers 0-9, the upper case letters A-Z, lower case letters a-z, most punctuation marks including spaces, parentheses and braces, and some control characters. But it is not enough for letters used in other languages, such as umlauts used in German and Scandinavian languages. Some systems added an 8th bit to ASCII, for another 128 characters, but the extra characters can vary from one system to another. And this doesn't address all languages. There are thousands of Chinese characters alone. To store all of these characters, Unicode was developed. It uses 16 bits to store 65,536 characters.\nASCII is still widely used, especially in the English-speaking areas. The Internet was started in English, and until 2010 URL addresses could only contain certain ASCII characters. Some ASCII characters that are not supported are replaced by a '%' and a number for its location in the ASCII table. The space character, for instance, is changed to \"%20\" when it shows up in a URL. In 2010, Unicode was allowed so people who spoke Russian, Greek, Chinese or other languages could see a domain name in their own language."}
+{"id": "99040", "revid": "1652218", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99040", "title": "Optical disc drive", "text": "An optical drive is a type of disk drive. The drive uses a light called a laser in order to read or write data to a disk. Depending on the type of drive, an optical drive can or cannot read certain types of disks. Also, certain drives can read and write information, while other drives can only read information. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays are the most common types of disks read by an optical drive. "}
+{"id": "99041", "revid": "1685581", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99041", "title": "WWE Heat", "text": "WWE Heat was a professional wrestling show made by World Wrestling Entertainment.\nDuring its televised history in the United States, it was shown on the USA Network, MTV and Spike TV.\nFrom 2005 to 2008, it was streamed on WWE.com on Fridays for North American viewers, but it was still televised internationally. The final episode was streamed on May 30, 2008.\nInternationally it was replaced by WWE Vintage Collection a program which featured matches from past WWE events and hosted by WWE 2006 Hall of Fame inductee \"Mean\" Gene Okerlund.\nHistory.\n1998.\nThe show made its debut on August 2, 1998 on the USA Network as \"WWF Sunday Night Heat\". It began as the second most important show in WWF Programming, after \"WWF Monday Night Raw\". \"Heat\" would feature backstage interview segments and in-ring action. Main event stars such as The Rock, Mankind and Triple H would appear often to help further the storylines which occurred on \"Monday Night Raw\". \"Heat\" itself led to a big ratings draw for the USA Network.\n1999-2002.\nWhen \"SmackDown!\" was created in 1999, \"Heat\"'s importance lowered as well as ratings. With the debut of \"SmackDown!\", it led to \"Heat\" being taped before \"SmackDown!\" When \"SmackDown!\" debuted in August 1999, it briefly became a recap show, with exclusive interviews and feuds from the past of WWF Programming being made into music videos. That lasted only a couple of weeks, and it then returned to airing exclusive matches.\nThe WWF also aired two \"Halftime HEAT\" television specials, which aired during Super Bowl XXXIII on the USA Network. During this period the show moved to MTV as part of a deal between Viacom and the WWE. When the show moved to MTV, it began broadcasting live from WWF New York.\n2002-2005.\nIn 2002, the show reverted to its previous format of taping the matches before \"Raw\". Since the brand extension in 2002 \"Heat\" became exclusive to the \"Raw\" brand, the only exception being pay-per-view nights, which were broadcast live from the PPV venues and could involve wrestlers from the \"SmackDown!\" brand.\nIn 2002 \"SmackDown!\" branched off its own secondary show, \"Velocity,\" which mirrored the same format as \"Heat\".\n2005-2008.\n\"Heat\" and \"Velocity\" were not picked up by the USA Network when WWE moved \"Raw\" back to the USA Network in October 2005. That left Americans no way of watching the weekend programmes on Television. WWE then decided to begin streaming those programs on WWE.com exclusively for the audience in the United States. \"Sunday Night Heat\" soon was renamed \"WWE Heat\" as it no longer aired on Sundays.\n\"Heat\" was still broadcast internationally because of previous commitments. For a short time, a special 30-minute live edition of \"Heat\" began airing in place of the traditional pretaped Free For All PPV pre-show. That lasted from No Mercy 2005 to Backlash 2006.\nWhen WWE began airing in high definition, \"Heat\" began using the same set as \"Raw\", \"SmackDown!\", and \"ECW\".\nThe final episode was streamed on WWE.com on May 30, 2008. It was replaced internationally by \"WWE Vintage Collection\"."}
+{"id": "99045", "revid": "11132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99045", "title": "Romansh", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99046", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99046", "title": "Sarojini Sahoo", "text": "Sarojini Sahoo (born 1956) is an Indian writer, who has been enlisted among 25 exceptional women of India by \u2018Kindle\u2019 English magazine of Kolkata. She has been given the Orissa Sahitya Academy Award (1993), the Jhankar Award (1992), the Bhubaneswar Book Fair Award and the Prajatantra Award.\nSahoo was born in a small town of Dhenkanal in Orissa (India). She has MA and PhD degrees in Oriya Literature and a Bachelor of Law from Utkal University. She now teaches at a degree college in Belpahar, Jharsuguda, Orissa.\nSarojini is the second daughter of Ishwar Chandra Sahoo and (late) Nalini Devi. She is married to Jagadish Mohanty, a veteran writer of Orissa. They have a son and a daughter.\nShort stories.\nShe has published ten anthologies of short stories.\nHer English anthologies of short stories are :\nHer other Oriya anthologies of short stories are: \nShe has been widely translated and published in different Indian languages. Her stories have been included in anthologies published by \"Harper Collins\", \"National Book Trust\", \"Sahitya Akademi\" and \"Gnanpith\" . She has attended many All India Writer\u2019s meet and workshops arranged by Bharat Bhawan, Bhopal, Sahitya Akademi and National Book Trust.\nShe has been given the Orissa Sahitya Akademi Award and Bhubaneswar Book Fair award for her short stories collection \"Amrutara Pratikshare\".\nNovels.\nSeven novels published: \nThe novel \"Upanibesh\" was the first attempt in Oriya Literature to focus on sexuality as a part of social revolt by any woman. Medha, the protagonist of Sarojini\u2019s novel, was a bohemian. In her pre-marital stage, she was thinking that it was boring to live with a man life-long.\nIn her novel \"Pratibandi\", Sarojini has also described the development of sexuality in a woman. Priyanka, the protagonist of the novel has to encounter the loneliness in the exile of Saragpali, a remote village of India. This loneliness develops into a sexual urge and soon Priyanka finds herself sexually attached with a former Member of Parliament. Though there is an age gap between them, his intelligence impresses her and she discovers a hidden archaeologist in him. Sarojini has painted successfully the difference of sensibility towards sexuality among male and female. Sarojini has her own credibility for the frankness to deals with the sensitive matters either it may be in politics or in sexuality. She has gained a reputation and has her own place in the history of Oriya fiction. Her novel \"Gambhiri Ghara\" describes an unusual relationship between two people, a Hindu house wife of India and a Muslim artist of Pakistan. It is a net oriented novel. A woman meets a very sexually experienced man. One day he asks if she had any such experience. The woman, Kuki, scolds him and insults him by calling him a caterpillar. She said without love lust is like hunger of a caterpillar. Gradually they become involved with love, lust and spiritually. That man considers her as his daughter, lover, mother, and above all these as a Goddess. They both madly love each other, through the internet and on the phone. They use obscene language; they kiss each other online. Kuki does not lead a happy conjugal life though she has a love marriage with Aniket. The novel is not limited to only a love story. It has a greater aspect. It deals with the relationship between the State and individual. Safique, who is not a Muslim by temperament, and as a historian, thinks the Pakistan of today has separated itself from its roots and looks towards Arabian legends for his history. He protests that the syllabus of history for the school should start from seventh century AD, not from the Mahenjodaro and Harappa. This broad Safique was once arrested after the bomb blast of London for allegation of being associated with the terrorist. But is it a true fact? Later Kuki came to know that Safiques is trapped by a military junta. The ex-lover of Tabassum had revenge on Safique by arresting him with an allegation of terrorism.\nHer novel \"Gambhiri Ghara\" proved to be a bestseller in Oriya literature. Her novels have a reputation for their feminist outlook and sexual frankness and has been translated into English and published from India under the title, The Dark Abode (2008) () and published from Bangladesh in Bengali as Mithya Gerosthali. (2007) () Dr. Vishwanath Bite is working on its Marathi translation. Another novel Pakhibas has been translated in to Bengali and published from Bangladesh under the same title () in 2009."}
+{"id": "99053", "revid": "1671689", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99053", "title": "Eddie Guerrero", "text": "Eduardo \"Eddie\" Gory Guerrero Ya\u00f1ez (October 9, 1967 \u2013 November 13, 2005) better known as Eddie Guerrero, was a Native Hispanic/Latino-American professional wrestler from a legendary Mexican wrestling family. He wrestled in Mexico, Japan, Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and, most famously, in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).\nWrestling career.\nHe started his wrestling career in 1987 in the Mexican Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre promotion. He became a star in Mexico long before he wrestled in the United States. In 1993, Guerrero began wrestling in Japan for New Japan Pro Wrestling, as Black Tiger II. He was one of the best Mexican wrestlers there are in the world and he made so many accomplishments throughout his lifetime. He won the NJPW Junior Heavyweight Super Grade Tag League Championship with The Great Sasuke making him the most successful Black Tiger. He also won the Best of the Super Juniors 1996 tournament of junior heavyweights. He got a shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion The Great Sasuke at NJPW Skydiving J but lost the match.\nGuerrero\u2019s first break came in late 1994 when the owner of Extreme Championship Wrestling, Paul Heyman, noticed him and Art Barr. Barr died before he could join ECW with Guerrero. In honor of his fallen friend, Guerrero did his finishing move, the Frog Splash.\nEddie started wrestling for the WCW in late 1995 along with Dean Malenko and Chris Benoit, with whom he had worked in NJPW and ECW. At World War 3 he competed in the 3-ring, 60-man World War 3 battle royal for the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship. Guerrero was one of the final 10 men in the battle royal, but was tossed out of the ring by Four Horsemen members. Randy Savage won the match. At Starrcade 1995, Guerrero represented WCW in a WCW vs. NJPW World Cup tournament series. He fell to NJPW wrestler Shinjiro Ohtani in the match but WCW went on to win the series.\nDespite Guerrero's success and popularity, he had been one of many wrestlers that were upset at never being given a chance to be main event stars in WCW. Guerrero responded to Bischoff's actions by forming the Latino World Order (or LWO) with Hector Garza and Damien, a take-off on Bischoff's New World Order. with Hector Garza and Damien.\nIn 2000, Guerrero signed with the World Wrestling Federation (later WWE). On August 1, 2002 Guerrero began to wrestle for WWE's SmackDown! brand. Guerrero aligned himself with his nephew Chavo, forming the tag team Los Guerreros. At Survivor Series 2002, Guerreros faced the tag team champions Edge and Rey Mysterio, and Angle and Benoit for the titles. Eddie made Mysterio submit to The Lasso From El Paso to win their first WWE Tag Team Championship.\nDuring the summer of 2003 Guerrero had begun driving a lowrider to ringside. Guerrero would also capitalize on his \"Lie, Cheat, and Steal\" anti-hero image by using illegal tactics behind the referee's back to win matches. This caused his increase popularity to rise.\nOn January 29, 2004 Eddie won SmackDown\u2019s! 15-man Royal Rumble, earning a shot at the WWE Championship. At No Way Out 2004, Guerrero defeated the WWE Champion Brock Lesnar in the main event with help from Goldberg. At WrestleMania XX he kept his title by beating Kurt Angle. At the end of this event, Guerrero celebrated in the ring with the new World Heavyweight Champion Chris Benoit.\nAt the 2005 No Way Out event, Eddie teamed with Rey Mysterio and defeated the Basham Brothers to win his final title, the WWE Tag Team Championship for a fourth time, with being it Mysterio's third reign. In May Guerrero turned heel and began a feud with Rey.\nFollowing this, Guerrero was named number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship and given a title match with Batista. Batista defeated Guerrero at No Mercy 2005 to retain the World Heavyweight Championship.\nEddie Guerrero\u2019s last televised match was on the November 11, 2005 of SmackDown. He defeated Mr. Kennedy, earning a place on the SmackDown! team in the 2005 Survivor Series. He was not able to be in this match because he died on November 13 of acute heart failure and was replaced by Randy Orton. Eddie Guerrero was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2006. Eddie's last match was actually on November 12th, 2005 in Albuquerque, New Mexico against Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship."}
+{"id": "99054", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99054", "title": "President of the Confederation", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99068", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99068", "title": "Nabta Playa", "text": "Nabta Playa was once a large basin in the Nubian Desert. It is about 500\u00a0miles south of modern-day Cairo and about 100\u00a0kilometers west of Abu Simbel in southern Egypt, 22\u00b0 32' north, 30\u00b0 42' east. Many archaeological sites have been found there.\nEarly history.\nFrom around the 10th millennium BC, this area began to get more rainfall than before. Because of the extra rainwater, a lake formed. Early people may have come here because there was water available. They could only graze their cattle where there was grass, and grass only grew next to water.\nArchaeologists (scientists who find and study artifacts) say that the first people came to the region between the 10th and 8th millennia BC. These peoples were growing domesticated cattle and using ceramic pottery. The ceramics had complicated painted patterns on them. These patterns may have been made by using combs.\nBy the 7th millennium BC, more developed settlements were in the area. They also used deep wells for water. Huts are found built in straight rows. People lived from fruit, legumes, millets, sorghum and tubers. A little later in 7th millennium BC, there seem to have been more goats and sheep. These most likely came from Southwest Asia . There were many large hearths.\nArchaeological findings show that these prehistoric peoples lived at a higher level of organization than those who came after them, who lived closer to the Nile Valley:\nFindings also show that the region was occupied only seasonally. People only lived there in the summer, when the lake filled with water for grazing cattle. Analysis of human remains show that the people who lived here may have migrated from sub-Saharan Africa.\nReligious ties to ancient Egypt.\nBy the 6th millennium BC, there may have been a prehistoric religion or cult. Sacrificed cattle were found buried in stone-roofed chambers lined with clay. This cattle cult in Nabta Playa may be related to Ancient Egypt's Hathor cult. An example of this connection may be that Hathor was worshiped as a nighttime protector in desert regions.\nThough the religious practices of the region involving cattle show possible ties to Ancient Egypt, Egyptologist Mark Lehner says:\nThis means that though there is evidence, there is no direct proof showing that the cattle cult was connected to Hathor.\nOne of the world's earliest known examples of archeoastronomy.\nBy the 5th millennium BC these peoples had fashioned one of the world's earliest known astronomical devices (roughly contemporary to the Goseck circle in Germany), about 1000 years older than but comparable to Stonehenge. It may have been a prehistoric calendar which accurately marks the summer solstice.\nThe research done by the astrophysicist Thomas G. Brophy suggests that these monoliths might tell much more. The calendar circle itself is made up of one doorway that runs north-south, a second that runs northeast-southwest marking the summer solstice, and six center stones. Brophy's theory proposes first that three of the center stones match the belt of Orion at its minimum tilt and the other three match the shoulder and head stars of Orion at their maximum tilt. This cycle repeats approximately every 25,000 years, following the precession of the equinoxes. The last minimum of Orion's belt occurred between 6400\u00a0BC and 4900\u00a0BC, matching the radio-carbon dating of campfires around the circle.\nThe stone circle at Nabta Playa is built precisely on what was then the Tropic of Cancer, the sun's farthest North point of travel that is, today, about 23 degrees 40\u00a0minutes N. Such a site would interest the wise men of the megalithic era and some would travel many days to erect such a site and then study there.\nAnother stone megalithic structure exists which consists of a central radial stone and several other stones in the distance. In interpreting this Brophy found that the lines made to these stones from the radial stone match the spots in the sky where the various stars marked by the center stones in the calendar circle at the time they rose as the vernal equinox heliacal rising. In analyzing the varying distances, mulling through assumptions such as that they represented the brightness of the stars, he inadvertently found that they matched the distance of the stars from Earth on a scale of 1 meter = .799 light years within the margin of error for astronomical distances calculated today."}
+{"id": "99069", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99069", "title": "Yeshua", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99070", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99070", "title": "Megaliths", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99079", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99079", "title": "Video card", "text": "In computing, a video card, graphics card or graphics accelerator is a special circuit board that controls what is shown on a computer monitor and calculates 3D images and graphics.\nA video card can be used to display a two-dimensional (2D) image like a desktop, or a three-dimensional (3D) image like a computer game. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) programs are often used by architects, engineers and designers to create 3D models on their computers. If a computer has a very fast video card, the user can create very detailed 3D models.\nMost computers have basic video and graphics capabilities built-in to the computer's motherboard. These \"integrated\" video chips are not as fast as in separate or \"discrete\" video cards. Normally, they are fast enough for basic computer use and old or simple computer games on lower graphic settings. If a computer user wants faster and/or more detailed graphics, a video card can be installed.\nHardware.\nVideo cards have their own processor (called a Graphics Processing Unit or GPU). The GPU is distinct from the main computer processor (called the Central Processing Unit or CPU). The CPU's job is to process the calculations needed to make the computer function. The GPU's job is to handle graphics calculations. 3D graphics calculations take a lot of CPU power, so having a video card to handle the graphics calculations lets the CPU work on other things like running computer programs.\nVideo cards also have their own memory, separate from the main computer memory. It is usually much faster than main computer memory, too. This helps the GPU do its graphics calculations even faster. Most video cards also can make one computer use more than one computer monitor at one time. Graphics manufacturers Nvidia and AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) have special technologies that allow two identical cards to be linked together in a single computer for much faster performance. Nvidia calls their technology and AMD calls their technology . Some modern graphics cards can even process physics calculations to create even more realistic-looking 3D worlds.\nVideo cards typically connect to a motherboard using the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), the (AGP) or the (PCI Express or PCI-E). PCI-E is the newest and fastest connection; which nearly all modern video cards and motherboards have this connection. Before PCI-E was used, AGP was the standard connection for video cards. Before AGP, video cards were designed for PCI (sometimes called \"regular\" PCI).\nHistory.\nIn early computing years, graphics processing was very basic and could be done by the CPU along with all the other processing. However, as computer games advanced and started using 3D graphics, the CPU had too much to do and CPU-makers could not keep up on making them faster. Eventually, video cards, with their own GPU, were invented to solve this problem. This lets the CPU do more of its own work since it does not have to spend any time on advanced graphics calculations; it can simply pass these calculations off to the GPU to be done.\nThe first video cards connected to the motherboard via the ISA connection. The first popular non-IBM video cards were manufactured by a company called Hercules Computer Technology, Inc. Throughout the years, the importance of video cards has grown. As they evolved, a new connection standard was developed called Advanced Graphics Port (AGP). This was the first motherboard connection designed exclusively for video cards. It was much faster at transferring information between the video card and the rest of the computer. Eventually, the AGP connection became outdated, and a new connection, called PCI Express (PCI-E), became the standard for video cards. Most video cards manufactured today use PCI-E to connect to the motherboard."}
+{"id": "99086", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99086", "title": "Barahona, Dominican Republic", "text": "Barahona, also known as Santa Cruz de Barahona, is the head municipality of the Barahona province, on the southwest of the country.\nIt is the largest city of the Dominican southwest and the centre of the region.\nPopulation.\nThe municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 62,054: 30,799 men and 31,255 women. The urban population was of the total population, one of the most urban municipality in the country.\nHistory.\nSince the 18th century, the region was occupied by fishermen and people that came here to cut trees. When Toussaint L'Ouverture took the eastern part of the Hispaniola island in the name of France, he gave the order to create the town of Barahona in 1802 as part of the Ozama Department.\nAfter the Independence in 1844, Barahona was a military post of the Azua Province.\nIn 1858, Barahona was elevated to the category of municipality. When the province was created in 1881, Barahona was made its head municipality.\nGeography.\nThe city of Santa Cruz de Barahona is in a plain along the coast, in the lower valley of the Yaque del Sur river. Part of the municipality is on the mountains of Sierra de Bahoruco.\nBarahona is at to the west of Santo Domingo. The limits of the municipality are the municipality of Fundaci\u00f3n to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, the municipality of La Ci\u00e9naga to the south and the municipality of Cabral to the west.\nClimate.\nBarahona has a tropical wet and dry/savanna climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification : Aw). The climate on the mountains of the Sierra de Baoruco, where there are some rainforests, is cooler and more wet.\nThe average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during the end of summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of rainfall, followed by May with .\nThe driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of and the second is January with .\nBarahona is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest months, on average, are July and August with an average temperature of . The coolest months on average are December, January and February, with an average temperature of .\nAdministrative division.\nThe municipality of Santa Cruz de Barahona has three municipal districts; these are:\nEconomy.\nThe main economic activity of the province is agriculture; the main product in the municipality is a very good coffee (\"Barahona Type Coffee\"), grown in the mountains of Eastern Bahoruco.\nThere are also some important industries, mainly to produce textiles to send to other countries, and sugar in the \"Ingenio Barahona\" (\"Barahona Sugar Factory\").\nThere is a port in the city; it is used to send coffee and sugar to other countries."}
+{"id": "99102", "revid": "68157", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99102", "title": "Aptenodytes patagonicus", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99103", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99103", "title": "Skyscrapers", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99105", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99105", "title": "Jamie McCrimmon", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99106", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99106", "title": "Victoria Waterfield", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99107", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99107", "title": "Zoe Heriot", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99113", "revid": "1688184", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99113", "title": "Sindh", "text": "Sindh () () is a province in Pakistan. The provincial capital of Sindh is Karachi. Sindh has a population of 47.9 million people and an area of 54,407 mi\u00b2 or (140,914 km\u00b2). The provincial region of Sindh is larger than Greece but smaller than Tajikistan,\nEtymology.\nThe Pakistani province of Sindh and the people inhabiting the region had been designated after the river known in Ancient times as the Sindhus River, now also known by Indus River. In Sanskrit, Sindhu means \"river, stream\". However, the importance of the river and close phonetically resemblance in nomenclature would make one consider Sindhu as the probable origin of the name of Sindh. Later on phonetically changes transformed Sindhu into Hindu in Old Persian. The Ancient Greeks of Macedon who conquered Sindh Valley region of Modern Pakistan in 325 BC under the command of Alexander the Great \"\u201c(Sikandar-e-Azam)\u201d\" rendered it as Indu, or Ind\u00f3s, hence the modern Indus, when the British colonists arrived and conquered Southern Asia, in the 17th Century AD as part of their Indian Imperial Empire of South Asia; they expanded the term and applied the name to the entire region of South Asia and called it \u201cIndia\u201d by following that regional example and formally applied the Greek name for Sindh under her entire domain of the Raj respectively. The ancient Iranians referred to everything east of the river Indus as Hind from the word Sind respectively. Southworth suggests that the name \"Sindhu\" is in turn derived from \"Cintu\", a Dravidian word for Date palm, a tree commonly found in Sindh. A study said, the Ancient Gypsy hail from Sindh from the Rohri Taluka in the Sukkur District\nControversy.\nOn the 3rd of January in 2005, as a formal complaint by the Federal Government of Pakistan; calls upon the so-called Government of India to review that there were demands to delete the requested word \"Sind\" and substitute it with the even the controversial word Kashmir, which by in itself is an contested buffer region between the two bitterly. The argument was that Sindh was and is still historically India by name and civilisation and is no longer now a part of the modern so-called Republic of India having seceded the former Empire, it thereby as a result having become part of Pakistan in the formal Indian Partition of 1947. Opponents of this proposal hold that the word \"Sind\" refers to the Indus and Sindhi culture and that Sindhis in India are a part of India's cultural fabric. The Supreme Court of India declined to change the national anthem and the wording remains unchanged. \nOn the 17th of December in 2013, MLA of Assam, Phani Bhushan Choudhury cited an article in \"The Times of India\" published on 26 January 1950, stating that originally the word \"Kamarup\" was included in the song, but was later changed to \"Sindhu\" and claimed that Kamarup should be re-included. To this, the then minister Rockybul Hussain replied that the state government would initiate steps in this regard after a response from the newspaper. The debate was further joined by the then minister Ardhendu Dey, mentioning \"Sanchayita\" (edited by Tagore himself) etc. where he said Kamarup was not mentioned.\nHistory.\nSindh () is one of the provinces of Pakistan. Sindh was home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization which is 5,500 years old 'Hind' word is also derived from the words 'Sindh' and while its worth noting that Hind was known because of Sind by the early Persian and Arabs '. On the 26th of June in 1947 \"Sindh\" joined Pakistan by a majority vote of members of the 1947 provincial legislature."}
+{"id": "99114", "revid": "1692826", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99114", "title": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa", "text": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a province in northwest Pakistan. The capital is Peshawar and it has a population of over 40 million people and an area of 28,773 mi\u00b2 or (74,521 km\u00b2). The province was created in 1901 during British rule when it was separated from Punjab province of the British India Empire. A referendum was held in the North West Frontier Province on 2 July 1947. The majority of voters wanted to join with Pakistan, with only a very small number voting to join with India. The province became a part of Pakistan, because of this referendum.\nKhyber Pakhtunkhwa is divided into 29 districts.\nEtymology and Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.\nFor over a 150 years from its founding as a province of British India on the 9th of November in 1901, it was known as the North-West Frontier Province. Afghania is another name long considered as a replacement for North-West Frontier Province. It was proposed first by the founding leaders of the Muslim League in 1933 and was at least partly chosen to represent the first \"A\" in \"Pakistan. In 2010 it was renamed.\n\"Pakhtunkhwa\" (and the other transliteration variants) is derived from \"Pakhtun\" and \"Khwa\", the former refers to the ethnic group and the latter literally means \"Heart\". \"Khyber\" side of the land of the Pashtuns,\" literally means \u201cLand of Passes\u201d, declared to be the National pass of Pakistan which connects Pak with Afghan-i-stan respectively. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa means the \"Khyber side of the land of the Pashtuns,\" where the word \"Pakhtunkhwa\" means \"Land of the Pashtuns\", while according to some scholars, it refers to \"Pashtun culture and society\". Other names used or proposed for the province include Gandhara, Afghania, Pashtunistan, Pathanistan, Sarhad, Abaseen, Khyber, or a combination of names, such as Hazara-Pakhtunkhwa.\nEfforts to change the province name.\nFor most of the history of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), there were efforts to change its name. The name \"Afghania\" was proposed first by the founding leaders of the Muslim League in 1933 and was at least partly chosen to represent the first \"\u0101\" in \"Pakistan\". The need for a change was explained by the man who named Pakistan in his \"Now or Never\" pamphlet, Choudhary Rehmat Ali Khan Khan, as:\nSuggestions for new names came and went. Although some of the names were ethnically neutral, most proposals emphasized the province's Pashtun ethnic identity. The renaming issue was an emotional one which often crossed party lines and not all supporters of a renaming agreed on the name Pakhtunkhwa.\nNorth-West Frontier Province.\nFor over a 150 years after its founding as a province of British Raj on the 9th of November, 1901, it was known as the North-West Frontier Province (abbreviated as NWFP) until 2010 due to its relative location being in the northwest of the nation. Unofficially, it was known as Sarh\u0101d (), derived from the province's Urdu name given to it by the Mughals, which means \"Frontier\".\nOther Pakistani names.\nIn 1901 it was created as a province of British India and was known as the North-West Frontier Province, it kept this name for over a hundred years, but over time many people wanted the name to change. One of the names people wanted to use was Afghania , that name was first suggested by the founding leaders of the Muslim League in 1933. \nHowever when Pakistan became independent in 1947 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa kept the old name, it was still known as North-West Frontier Province and not Afghania. Finally in 2010 the government renamed \"North-West Frontier Province\" to \"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\".\nJust like Punjab is named after the Punjabi people Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is named after the Pakhtun people, lately there has been a demand to change the name \"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\" to just \"Pakhtunkhwa\" by a Pakhtun party but some non-Pakhtun people in the province would not be happy with the name change. \nGeography.\nKhyber Pakhtunkhwa is mainly located on the Iranian plateau and forms the point where the slopes of the Hindu Kush mountains on the Eurasian plate become the Indus-watered hills approaching South-central Asia. Because these two plates are pushing against each other it has led to earthquakes taking place. The famous Khyber Pass links the province to Afghanistan, the town of Landi Kotal (which is at the western end of the Khyber Pass) is 5km from the Afghan border. While the Kohala Bridge at the other end of the province in Abbottabad District is a major crossing point over the Jhelum River in the east.\nThe province has an area of 28,773\u00a0mi\u00b2 or (74,521\u00a0km\u00b2) \u2014 similar in size to New England in North America.\nPeshawar, Mardan, Kohat, Abbottabad, Dera Ismail Khan and Hangu are the main cities.\nThe land varies from dry rocky areas in the south to forests and green plains in the north. The climate can be extreme with intensely hot summers to freezing cold winters. Despite these extremes in weather, agriculture remains important and viable in the area.\nThe hilly terrain of Kalam, Upper Dir, Swat, Naran and Kaghan is renowned for its beauty and attracts a great many tourists from neighboring regions and from around the world. Swat is popular among tourists as the \"Switzerland of South Asia\" as there are many landscape similarities between it and the mountainous terrain of Switzerland.\nGeographically the province could be divided into two zones:\nThe northern zone is cold and snowy in winters with heavy rainfall and pleasant summers with the exception of Peshawar basin, which is hot in summer and cold in winter. It has moderate rainfall. The southern zone is arid with hot summers and relatively cold winters and scanty rainfall. The northern zone extends from the mountains of the Hindu Kush to the borders of Peshawar basin while the southern zone extends from Peshawar to the Derajat basin.\nThe major rivers that cross through the province are the Kabul, Swat, Chitral, Kunar, Siran, Panjgora, Bara, Kurram, Dor, Haroo, Gomal and Zhob.\nPeople of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.\nAccording to the 1998 census, the population of the province was approximately 20 million, of whom 52% are males and 48% are females, the density of population is 187 people per km\u00b2.\nLanguages.\nIn KPK about 70% of the people are Pashtuns and they speak Pashto as a first language. Other widely spoken languages are Kalami, Chitrali, Kohistani, and Yidgha. Panjabi is understood by majority of the people.\nGovernment.\nThe President of Pakistan appoints a Governor as head of the provincial government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There is a directly-elected Provincial Assembly, which has 124 elected members (including 22 seats reserved for women and 3 seats for non-Muslims). The Provincial Assembly elects a Chief Minister to act as the chief executive of the province, assisted by a cabinet of ministers."}
+{"id": "99115", "revid": "1692815", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99115", "title": "Balochistan, Pakistan", "text": "Balochistan () is a province in Pakistan. The capital of Balochistan is Quetta. Balochistan has a population of about 10 million people and an area of 134,051 mi2 or (347,190 km2). It covers 45% of Pakistani territory; in terms of area the province of Balochistan is greater in area than Republic of the Congo but smaller than Germany. \nBaluchistan (Chief commissioners province) - seceded from British India and became part of Pakistan in 1947. On the 30th of June in 1947 the \"Khan of Kalat\" joined Pakistan; tribal gathering and municipality of Quetta also declared for Pakistan. Baluchistan States Union - The BSU was formed after the formal Accession of four individual princely states into the new Dominion of Pakistan on the 31st of March in 1948, apart from the enclave of Gwadar that was in cessation from Oman to Pakistan on the 8th of September in 1958. Both CCP & BSU became the New Province of Balochistan on the 1st of July in 1970, after the dissolution of the former \"West Pakistan\" and is an \u201cIntegral Part of Pakistan\u201d.\nIn common with the other provinces of Pakistan, Balochistan has a parliamentary system of government. The ceremonial head of the province is the Governor, who is appointed by the President of Pakistan on the advice of the provincial Chief Minister. The chief executive of the province is the Chief Minister who is normally the leader of the largest party or alliance in the provincial assembly. The unicameral Provincial Assembly of Balochistan comprises 65 seats of which 4% are reserved for non-Muslims and 16% for women only. The judicial branch of government is carried out by the Balochistan High Court, based in Quetta, and headed by a Chief Justice. For administrative purposes, the province is subdivided into 30 districts:\nEtymology.\nThe Baloch people once referred to their land as Moka or Maka, a word which later became Makran. Moka might have been an adaptation of Mahi-khoran, Persian for \"Fish-Eaters\", an appellation used by the Persians of the west for the people of coastal \"Perso-Pak region\" of Balochistan province. Arrian, in his Anabasis Alexandri, referred to the people of the region as the Ichythophagi, a Greek translation of Mahi-khoran. Balochistan is referred to in Pashto as Gwadar or Godar (also Godar-khwa, i.e., The Land by the Water \u201cArabian Sea\u201d). The Ancient Greeks, who derived the names of Iranian lands from the Bactrian language, Hellenised it to Gedrosia. During the time of Alexander the Great (356\u2013323 BCE), the Greeks called the land \"Gedrosia\" and its people \"Gedrosoi\", terms of unknown origin. Using etymological reasoning, H. W. Bailey reconstructs a possible Iranian name, \"Uadravati\", meaning \"the land of underground channels\", which could have been transformed to \"Badlaut\" in the 9th century and further to \"Bal\u014d\u010d\" in later times. This reasoning remains speculative.\nIn an 11th-century Sanskrit compilation of Jataka tales (Avad\u0101nakalpalat\u0101) by Kshemendra of Kashmir, the land is called Baloksh (\u092c\u0932\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937). From Baloksh, the name evolved and was Persianised to Balochistan. The area is named after the numerous Baloch (or Baluch, Balouch, Balooch, Balush, Balosh, Baloosh, Baloush) tribes, an Iranian people, who moved into the area Since the Baloch people are not mentioned in pre-Islamic sources, it is likely that the Baloch were known by some other name in their place of origin and that they acquired the name \"Baloch\" only after arriving in Balochistan sometime from the west from Syriac Kurdistan around 1000 A.D in the late 10th century. All natives are considered Balochi even if they do not speak Balochi; Pashto, Persian, and Brahui languages are also spoken in the region. The southern part of Balochistan is known as \u201cMakran\u201d in the Persian plateau. There are also relatively smaller communities of Iranian Baloch, Hazaras, Sindhis and other settlers, including Punjabis, Uzbeks, and Turkmens. The name Balochistan means \"The Land of the Baloch\" in many regional languages of Pakistan respectively. Although during the Stone and Bronze Age and Alexander the Great's Empire an indigenous population existed, the Baloch people themselves did not enter the region until the 14th century CE. A theory of the origin of the Baloch people, the largest ethnic group in the region, is that they are of Median descent.\nJohan Hansman relates the term \"Baloch\" to \"Melu\u1e2b\u1e2ba\", the name by which the Indus Valley civilisation is believed to have been known to the Sumerians (2900\u20132350 BCE) and Akkadians (2334\u20132154 BCE) in Mesopotamia. \"Melu\u1e2b\u1e2ba\" disappears from the Mesopotamian records at the beginning of the second millennium BCE. However, Hansman states that a trace of it in a modified form, as \"Balu\u1e2b\u1e2bu\", was retained in the names of products imported by the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911\u2013605 BCE). Al-Muqaddas\u012b, who visited the capital of Makran, Bannajbur, wrote 985 CE that it was populated by people called \"Bal\u016b\u1e63\u012b\" (Baluchi), leading Hansman to postulate \"Baluch\" as a modification of \"Melu\u1e2b\u1e2ba\" and \"Balu\u1e2b\u1e2bu\".\nAsko Parpola relates the name \"Melu\u1e2b\u1e2ba\" to Indo-Aryan words \"Mleccha\" (Sanskrit) and \"milakkha/milakkhu\" (Pali) etc., which do not have an Indo-European etymology even though they were used to refer to Non-Aryan people. Taking them to be proto-Dravidian in origin, he interprets the term as meaning either a proper name \"Milu-Akam\" (from which \"Tamilakam\" was derived when the Indus people migrated south) or \"Melu-Akam\", meaning \"High Country\", a possible reference to Balochistani high lands. Historian Romila Thapar also interprets \"Melu\u1e2b\u1e2ba\" as a proto-Dravidian term, possibly \"M\u0113lukku\", and suggests the meaning \"western extremity\" (of the Dravidian-speaking regions in the Indian subcontinent). A literal translation into Sanskrit, \"Apar\u0101nta\", was later used to describe the region by the Indo-Aryans.\nLanguage.\nThe Balochi, Pashto and Brahui languages are spoken in the balochistan province, Sindhi language is also spoken by indigenous Sindhi people of Balochistan since ancient times, the Jadgali, Lasi, Siraiki & Khetrani are few major dialects of Sindhi language which are spoken in south and eastern parts of balochistan. The southern part of Balochistan is known as Makran. There are also relatively smaller communities of Iranian Baloch, Hazaras, Dehwars and other settlers, including Punjabis, Uzbeks, and Turkmens.\nGeography.\nBalochistan is a country in South Asia. The area is . The province is bordered by Afghanistan to the north and north-west, Iran to the south-west, Punjab and Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas to the north-east. To the south lies the Arabian Sea. Balochistan is located on the south-eastern part of the Iranian plateau. It borders the geopolitical regions of the Greater Middle East and Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South-central Asia. Balochistan lies at the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz and provides the shortest route from seaports to Central Asia. Its geographical location has placed the otherwise desolate region in the scopes of competing global interests like Afghanistan for all of recorded history.\nThe capital city Quetta is in a densely populated portion of the Sulaiman Mountains in the north-east of the province. It is situaed in a river valley near the Bolan Pass which has been used as the route of choice from the coast to Central Asia, entering through Afghanistan's Kandahar region. The British and other historic empires have crossed the region to invade Afghanistan by this route.\nBalochistan is rich in exhaustible and renewable resources; it is the second major supplier of natural gas in Pakistan. The province's renewable and human resource potential has not been systematically measured nor exploited due to pressures from within and without Pakistan. Local inhabitants have chosen to live in towns and have relied on sustainable water sources for thousands of years."}
+{"id": "99119", "revid": "1681188", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99119", "title": "Italian Campaign (World War I)", "text": "The Italian campaign was a series of battles fought between Austria-Hungary and Italy in the mountains of northern Italy between 1915 and 1918. \nItaly did not fight for the Triple Alliance, despite promises to Germany and Austria-Hungary, in 1914, when World War I started. In 1915, Italy joined the Triple Entente to take part of Austria-Hungary. Italian irredentism wanted the province of Trento (\"Trentino\"), the port of Trieste and the province of Bolzano-Bozen (\"Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol\"), Istria, and Dalmatia.\nItaly had hoped to begin the war with a surprise attack to act quickly and capture several Austrian-held cities. However, the war in Italy soon turned to trench warfare, which was similar to that of the Western Front. "}
+{"id": "99120", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99120", "title": "Choudhary Rahmat Ali", "text": "Chaudhry Rahmat Ali or Rehmat Ali Khan (November 16, 1897 - February 12, 1951) was an Indian Muslim who was one of the first people to ask for the creation of the state of Pakistan. He is famous for coining the name, or term \"Pakistan\" on January 28, 1933. \nIn Pakistan he has considerable importance. His articles are taught in the course books of Pakistani schools.\nAcronym of Pakistan.\nThe Sovereign Nation of Pakistan was created in 1947 as a Muslim nation carved out of former British India (Dissolution). But where did the name come from? It was coined by a Muslim Indian nationalist named Choudhary Rehmat Ali Khan, in a 1933 pamphlet entitled \u201cNow or Never\u201d.\nRehmat Ali, who was based in the UK as an academic working at Cambridge University (He himself is buried at the campus), simply took the names of the Five Major-provinces of India that were to be incorporated as the new country. The initial letters of four of them, plus the end of the Fifth, could be read as the new name. These were:\nThe\nPut together, this made Pakstan, so adding a \u201c\u012b\u201d made sense in terms of producing something more pronounceable. The idea caught on and before long everyone was referring to the putative new country as Pakistan, although its creation was still 15 years into the future.\nRehmat Ali later claimed that a slightly different amended derivation was what he had in mind, namely:"}
+{"id": "99121", "revid": "9280332", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99121", "title": "Abbottabad", "text": "Abbottabad is a city in Pakistan. It is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is the capital of Abbottabad District. It is also known as the \"city of the pines\". More that 1.4 million people live in the city. One of the most important places for army training in Pakistan, the Pakistan Military Academy, is in Kakul, near Abbottabad.\nLocation.\nAbbottabad is in the Orash valley, between the two parallel mountain ranges of Mount Sarban and Mount Shimla. In addition to being the district capital, it is also the capital of the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is linked by road to Haripur and Rawalpindi to the South, Mansehra to the North-West and Murree to the East.\nHistory.\nThe city of Abbottabad is named after Major James Abbott \u2013 a British soldier and administrator who founded the city during British rule in 1853. British rule in this area lasted from 1849 until Pakistan became independent in 1947. During this time, Abbottabad was an important army garrison or base for the British Indian Army. \nCulture and language.\nThe people of Abbottabad are mostly from the Syed (shahs), Karlal, Dhund Abbasi, Gurjar, Awan, Tanoli and Jadoon tribes. It is a peaceful area with high literacy and low crime rates. The main language, or dialect, spoken here is Hindko dialect of Panjabi. In the rural suburbs of the town people practice some agriculture, whereas the town itself offers many commercial and business opportunities of different types.\nThe main town and cantonment.\nAlthough the original old town of Abbottabad has expanded a lot, much of its original 1850s town, civil lines and cantonment still survive from the time of the British Raj. Some of its old sights are of special historical interest to tourists, including St Luke's Church, Abbottabad and the Old Christian Cemetery Abbottabad. The fine Lady Garden Park is also a popular place.\nOsama bin Laden.\nIn May 2011, commandos from the US Navy attacked a large house in Kakul area close to Abbottabad and killed five people. The Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden had been living in the house, and was one of the people who were killed there."}
+{"id": "99122", "revid": "9280346", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99122", "title": "Abbottabad District", "text": "Abbottabad District is a district in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district has an area of 1,969\u00a0km2, with the city of\u00a0Abbottabad\u00a0being the capital. Neighbouring districts are\u00a0Mansehra\u00a0to the north,\u00a0Muzaffarabad\u00a0to the east,\u00a0Haripur\u00a0to the west, and\u00a0Rawalpindi\u00a0to the south.\nName.\nThe district is named after\u00a0Major James Abbott, the first deputy commissioner of\u00a0Hazara (1849\u20131853).\nDemographics.\nAccording to the 1981 census data for Abbottabad tehsil, 95% of the population have\u00a0Hindko\u00a0dialect of Panjabi as their\u00a0first language, while Pashto account for 1.7% and 0.9% respectively.\nProtected areas.\nThe Ayubia National Park was established in 1984, this park covers an area of over 3,312 ha.\nThe Qalanderabad game reserve was established in 1980 with an area of 8,940ha.\nSubdivisions.\nAbbottabad district is divided into four tehsils, Abbottabad, Lower Tanawal, Havelian and Lora Hazara as well as one urban administration area - Nawanshehr.\nThere are fifty-one Union Councils in the district, 35 in Abbottabad tehsil and 16 in Havelian. These are:"}
+{"id": "99125", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99125", "title": "Bannu District", "text": "Bannu District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Bannu is the capital."}
+{"id": "99126", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99126", "title": "Battagram District", "text": "Batagram District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Previously was independent territory. The Batagram Bazar is the head quarter of district.\nAdministration.\nBattagram obtained the status of district in July 1993 when it was upgraded from a Tehsil and separated from Mansehra District by an executive order. Battagram obtained the status of district in July 1993 when it was upgraded from a Tehsil and separated from Mansehra District by an executive order, Mr. Yousaf Khan Trand (Late provincial Minister in Mir Afzal Khan Cabinet Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) was the leader who struggled for Battagram and made it a separate district, before district it was a tehsil of District Mansehra. It has geographical borders with Kohistan District, Tribal Area Torghar, Shangla District and Malakand Division. The district consists of two sub-divisions. It has geographical borders with Kohistan District, Tribal Area Tor ghar, Shangla District and Malakand Division. The district consists of two sub-divisions or Tehsils which contain a total of 20 Union Councils:"}
+{"id": "99127", "revid": "8404963", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99127", "title": "Buner District", "text": "Buner District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The major language spoken in the region is Pashto. Most people are \"Muslim\" who follow \"Islam\"."}
+{"id": "99128", "revid": "9052659", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99128", "title": "Charsadda District", "text": "Charsadda District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Charsadda is the capital."}
+{"id": "99130", "revid": "9610798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99130", "title": "Dera Ismail Khan District", "text": "Dera Ismail Khan District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Dera Ismail Khan is the capital. It is the most southern district of KPK and has an area of and a population of 1,627,132 as of the 2017 Census. The main language of the district is a dialect of Saraiki. "}
+{"id": "99131", "revid": "10067609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99131", "title": "Hangu District", "text": "Hangu District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Hangu is the capital."}
+{"id": "99132", "revid": "9052662", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99132", "title": "Haripur District", "text": "Haripur District is a district in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Haripur is the capital."}
+{"id": "99133", "revid": "1366154", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99133", "title": "Karak District", "text": "Karak District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Karak is the capital. This district is the second smallest district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa after Hangu. The area of this district is 3395\u00a0km2.\nTehsils.\nThe district of Karak is administratively subdivided into three tehsils.\nTehsil karak is considered as the resources rich tehsil in district karak and here the resorces of gas and oil are discovered. \nTehsil Banda Daud Shah is also considered as resources rich tehsil having the Pakistan second largest salt mine founds in bahadur khel. \nTehsil Takhte Nasrati is also known for resources like uranium founds in zarki nasrati."}
+{"id": "99134", "revid": "9281233", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99134", "title": "Kohat District", "text": "Kohat District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Kohat is the capital. The Kohati dialect of the Panjabi language is spoken in this district, although outside the province it is influenced by inhabitants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa."}
+{"id": "99135", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99135", "title": "Kohistan District, Pakistan", "text": "Kohistan District is a district in the Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The town of \"Dassu\" is the district headquarters. The area is also called Abasin Kohistan or Indus Kohistan, after the Indus River that runs through the middle of the district.\nKohistan District is divided into 4 Tehsils (subdivisions):\nFarming and growing livestock are the main focus of the economy there. Growing timber has also become more important in recent years. The district has one of the lowest literacy rates in Pakistan, about 10% of the people can read and write. Education is spreading though."}
+{"id": "99136", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99136", "title": "Lakki Marwat District", "text": "Lakki Marwat District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The city of Lakki Marwat is the capital."}
+{"id": "99137", "revid": "9043907", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99137", "title": "Lower Dir District", "text": "Lower Dir ( \uff0c) is one of the 27 districts in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the north-western part of the province and has an area of 1583 square kilometers.\u00a0 Timergara city is the district headquarters and largest city.\nIt used to be one district named Dir but in 1996 it was divided into two, Upper Dir and Lower Dir.The population of lower dir is mainly Yousafzai pashtoon including Clans (khadagzai, Adenzai , Malizai) and partly utmankhel tribe.\nHistory.\nAt the time of Pakistan's independence in 1947, Dir was a princely state ruled by Nawab Shah Jehan Khan. It was merged in Pakistan in 1969 and later on declared a district in 1970. Later on in 1996 it was divided into Lower Dir and Upper Dir.\nGeography.\nSome of Dir is mountainous with peaks rising to 5000 meters.\nDemographics.\nThe population of the Lower Dir district was 797,852 according to the 1998 census report. The population of Dir Lower was predicted to be 1.037.091 in 2005.\nAdministration.\nLower Dir is divided into seven Tehsils which contain a total of 41 union councils.\nNational Assembly.\nThis district is represented by two elected MNA's (Member of National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly. Its constituencies are NA-6 & 7.\nQazi Hussain Ahmad won the general elections in 2002 but he left the seat as he had also won from his native constituency. Therefore, in January 2003 another election was held.\nProvincial Assembly.\nThe district is represented by five elected MPAs in the provincial assembly."}
+{"id": "99138", "revid": "247254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99138", "title": "Malakand District", "text": "Malakand District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. "}
+{"id": "99139", "revid": "9052664", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99139", "title": "Mansehra District", "text": " \nMansehra District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Mansehra is the capital."}
+{"id": "99140", "revid": "247254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99140", "title": "Mardan District", "text": "Mardan District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Mardan is the capital."}
+{"id": "99141", "revid": "9052666", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99141", "title": "Nowshera District", "text": "Nowshera District is a district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. The city of Nowshera is the capital."}
+{"id": "99142", "revid": "247254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99142", "title": "Peshawar District", "text": "Peshawar District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Peshawar is the capital. In 1998, the population of the district was 2,019,000, of which 49% were urban."}
+{"id": "99143", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99143", "title": "Shangla District", "text": "Shangla District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Alpuri is the capital.\nThe district is split into the following tehsils:"}
+{"id": "99144", "revid": "10378562", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99144", "title": "Middle Eastern theatre of World War I", "text": "The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was the largest theatre of World War I and occurred from on October 29, 1914 to October 30, 1918. Battles were fought in the Middle East between the Allies (especially the British and the Russians) and the Central Powers (especially the Ottoman Empire) during had four main campaigns.\nIn the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, mainly British forces defeated the Ottoman Army. In the Mesopotamian Campaign, British forces, mainly the British Indian Army, also defeated the Ottoman Army. In the Caucasus Campaign, the Ottomans fought against the Russians and other forces but were defeated. In the Gallipoli Campaign, the Ottomans defeated mainly British forces, most of which were colonial. There were also minor campaigns in Arabia (especially the south and Aden) and in Iran.\nA peace treaty, the Treaty of S\u00e8vres, was signed on August 10, 1920. "}
+{"id": "99145", "revid": "1530097", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99145", "title": "Swabi District", "text": "Swabi District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Swabi is the capital."}
+{"id": "99146", "revid": "9616672", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99146", "title": "Swat District", "text": "Swat District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The capital of Swat is\u00a0Saidu Sharif, but the main city in Swat is\u00a0Mingora. It was a\u00a0princely state\u00a0until 1969, when it was dissolved\u00a0and made part of\u00a0Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is the third largest district in KPK with a population of 2,309,570. It is mainly populated by Pashtuns who speak the Pashto language.\nWith many lakes, green meadows and mountains, it is popular with tourists.\nLocation.\nSwat is surrounded by\u00a0Chitral,\u00a0Upper Dir\u00a0and\u00a0Lower Dir\u00a0in the West,\u00a0Gilgit-Baltistan\u00a0in North,\u00a0Upper and Lower Kohistan,\u00a0Buner\u00a0and\u00a0Shangla\u00a0in the East and south East.\nAdministrative divisions.\nThe District of Swat is subdivided into 7 Tehsils i.e.\nDemographics.\nSwat is populated mostly by ethnic\u00a0Pashtuns\u00a0and Kohistani communities. The main language spoken is\u00a0Pashto, with a minority of\u00a0Torwali\u00a0and\u00a0Kalami Kohistani\u00a0speakers in the Swat Kohistan region of Upper Swat.\nAccording to 1981 census,\u00a0Pashto\u00a0is main language and spoken by 90.28% of population while\u00a0Kohistani\u00a0is spoken by 8.67%."}
+{"id": "99147", "revid": "9052669", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99147", "title": "Tank District", "text": "Tank District is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Tank is the capital."}
+{"id": "99148", "revid": "9052674", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99148", "title": "Upper Dir District", "text": "Upper Dir\u00a0is one of the 26\u00a0districts\u00a0in the\u00a0Khyber Pakhtunkhwa\u00a0province of\u00a0Pakistan. It is located in the north-western part of the province and has an area of 3,699\u00a0km square kilometers.\u00a0\u00a0Dir is the district headquarters. \nIt used to be one district named Dir but in 1996 it was divided into two,\u00a0Upper Dir\u00a0and Lower Dir District.\nHistory.\nAt the time of Pakistan's independence in 1947, Dir was a princely state ruled by Nawab Shah Jehan Khan. It was merged in Pakistan in 1969 and later on declared a district in 1970. Later on in 1996 it was divided.\nAdministration.\nProvincial assembly.\nThe district is represented by three elected MPAs in the provincial assembly."}
+{"id": "99149", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99149", "title": "Bannu", "text": "Bannu is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Bannu District."}
+{"id": "99150", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99150", "title": "Battagram", "text": "Batagram () is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Batagram District."}
+{"id": "99151", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99151", "title": "Charsadda", "text": "Charsadda is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Charsadda District."}
+{"id": "99152", "revid": "1687023", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99152", "title": "Chitral District", "text": "Chitral () is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It has population of about 318,689 people at the 1998 Census, which grew to about 378,000 people by 2004. It has one of the highest mountains of the world, Tirich Mir. It is the largest district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with an area of 14,850 sq. kilometres.\nLocation.\nChitral District is the most northerly district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. to the west and north is Afghanistan. To the east of Chitral is Kashmir and to the south are the Pakistani districts of Upper Dir and Swat. Chitral can be accessed by air via the Chitral Airport which is approximately 3\u00a0km from the town. Regular flights from Peshawar and Islamabad are run by the PIA.\nTerrain.\nThe terrain of Chitral is quite mountainous, part of the Pamir Mountains are situated here. Tirich Mir which at 25,289\u00a0feet (7,708\u00a0metres) is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, rises in the north of the district.\nChitral is connected to the rest of Pakistan by only two road routes, the Lowari Pass (el. 10,230\u00a0ft.) from Dir and Shandur Top (el. 12,200\u00a0ft.) from Gilgit. Both routes are closed in winter. The Lowari Tunnel is being constructed under the Lowari Pass and is opened two times a week when Lowari Top is closed due to snowfall.\nIt was reported in 2004 that Afghanistan had agreed to allow access from Pakistan to Chitral though Afghan territory and the Kunar Valley, by passing Lowari Pass.\nTwo other passes give access on foot to Chitral, the Broghol Pass and the Dorah Pass, both from Afghanistan. Both are closed in winter.\nDemographics.\nThe general population is mainly of the Chitrali people, who speak the Chitrali language (or Chitrali), which is also spoken in parts of Yasin, Gilgit and Swat. Chitral is also home to the Kalash tribe who live in three remote valleys southwest of Chitral town.\nThe Norwegian linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mun, Erina, Savi Palula, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Yidgha, Burushaski, Wakhi, Kyrgyz, Persian and Pashto. Chitrali language is written in Perso-Arabic script.\nLanguages.\nChitral is place of great language diversity. The official language is Chitrali Most languages in Chitral are either Dardic languages, Iranic languages, or Nuristani languages. Around 24 languages are spoken in Chitral including Balti, Burushaski, Dameli, Domaaki, Dari Farsi, Dangariwar, Gawar-Bati, Kalasha-mun, Kalkoti, Kamviri, Kohistani, Khowar, Kyrgyz, Madaklashti, Munji, Palula, Shekhani, Shina, Torwali, Turkmen, Ushoji, Uzbek, Waigali, Wakhi, and Yidgha.\nNorwegian linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world.\nHistory.\nUntil 1969, Chitral was a princely state, within the Malakand Agency. In 1970 Chitral was absorbed into Pakistan as the new Chitral District, until 2000 within Malakand Division.\nAdministration.\nThe district of Chitral is divided into two tehsils \nNational Assembly.\nThis district is represented by one elected MNA (Member of National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly. Its constituency is NA-32.\nProvincial Assembly.\nThe district is represented by two elected MPAs in the provincial assembly who represent the following constituencies:"}
+{"id": "99153", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99153", "title": "Dera Ismail Khan", "text": "Dera Ismail Khan is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Dera Ismail Khan District."}
+{"id": "99154", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99154", "title": "Hangu (Pakistan)", "text": "Hangu is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Hangu District."}
+{"id": "99155", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99155", "title": "Haripur, Pakistan", "text": "Haripur is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Haripur District. It was founded by a Sikh General in 1822."}
+{"id": "99156", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99156", "title": "Karak, Pakistan", "text": "Karak is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Karak District. The main source of income of the people of Karak is agriculture."}
+{"id": "99157", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99157", "title": "Kohat", "text": "Kohat is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Kohat District.\nThe majority of the people in this city speak the Kohati variety of Hindko dialect of Panjabi.\nHistory of the Baizai Bangashes of Kohat\nSettlement of the Baizai Bangashes at Kohat.\nThe Baizai Bangashes are supposed to have settled in the neighbourhood of Kohat in the 15th century. Bai Khan their reputed ancestor is said to have had a son Daulat Kh\u00e1n and the tappa is often named Daulat Khel after him, Daulat Khel and Baizai being almost synonymous terms.\nDistribution of the Kohat lands between the Daulat Khel and their allies.\nIn effecting the first partition of the Kohat valley, the Daulat Khel reserved for themselves the tract watered from the central springs at Kohat as far as Kharmat\u00fa. The allies from Miranzai were given the lands watered from the upper springs under the hills (known as Bhawanna, &c .) The villages fringing the hills, Jangal, Pir Khel, Mansur Khel, Shekhan, Mir Ahmad Khel and Togh are still held by these Miranzai sections, while the villages below Kohat (Behzadi, Garhi Mawaz, &c . ) are held by the real Daulat Khel.\nMain divisions of the Daulat Khel.\nThe main divisions of the Daulat Khel were Malik Miri, Behzadi, Karimdadi and Allahdadi . A quarrel arose some time after between the two first and the two last about the Jhang katta (water-course) which runs just south of Kohat. The Karimdadis and Allahdadis were beaten and most of them removed to Chach Hazara, where many of their descendants are still to be found. The Malik Miris and Bazadis had plenty of land of their own. The lands of the beaten sections to a great extent became waste and were afterwards given to non-proprietary cultivators of other tribes, principally Aw\u00e1ns. These tenants were not considered at Settlement entitled to the status of proprietors, and much of the original Karimdadi and Allahdadi land was consequently recorded as Crown property.\nBehzadi Division.\nThe most leading section among the Daulat Khel is that of the Behzadi, who are divided again into the Janas Khel, Tar Khel and Gula Khel.\nThe Behzadis constitive an important sub-division of the baizai.Presently they settled on the old Bannu Road near the Cantoment, the Malik Miris, the Karamdadis were massacred by the Behzadis and the few remnants took refuge in the chahch tract in the Attock district, the Allahdadis, like Karamdadis also suffered Settlement of the Baizai Bangashes at Kohat Distribution of the Kohat lands between the Daulat Khel and their allies Main divisions of the Daulat Khel Behzadi Division at the hands of Behzadis and migrated to other areas. A few of their families are settled in Nusrat Khel settlement on the west of Kohat city, some with the Behzadis in Behzadi Chikar Kot, while their majority moved to Chahch and other parts od Hind. Allahdad and Karamdad were from the same mother.The elder of the clan narrate that Allahdad was the eldest of the four brothers.The clans was than settled on the source o the water springs near the Company Bagh in Kohat. Allahdad Khan and Karamdad Khan had contiguous area with Behzad Khan that extentd from Kohat city, including the present cantonment,Kohat Development Authority town,down in the south to village jarma included and in the east up to Ghandiyali and Shadi Khel,Being elder,Allahdad Khan allocated major portion of the tract to the Karamdad and to himself,which was resented by Behzad Khan.Allahdad Khan refused to listen to reasons and consequenty,Behzad Khan and his decendants connived to destroy Allahdad Khan,his full brother,Karamdad Khan and their decentants.They invited them to a feast and subsequently massacred them except for a few.The remnants took refuge in Hazro and from the descended the karamdadis Bangashes of Chahch and to his Group of Bangashes family of General jehandad khan belongs.A few of the fugitive Allahdadi families subsequenly returned to Kohat and are presently settled with the Behzadis.They are settled in the Kandi Allahdadi in the Village Behzadi Chikarkot where as some of the Allahdadi families to Bengal in Hind and are there to this day. As for the property of Allahdad, except for some Lands in other Villages, the whole of the Jarma tract, Shahpur and the Kharmatu lands were confiscated by the Emperor Akbar. This tract of land remained resumed by the government and was used by the Mughals,Durranis,Sikhs and the later,British Government as a bait for good service by the local and has been given as 'jagir' to various families who served their cause, The Jarma tract was given to Mubarak Shah Banuri,the Kharmatu surrounding area to Nawab Sher Khan Bangash and Shahpur to the Kiyani Family for their servies during the War of Freedom 1857.\nMalik Miri Division.\nThe most leading section among the Daulat Khel is that of the Malik Miri, who are divided again into the Shah Wali Khel and the Fatteh Kh\u00e1n Khel. Among the Shahwali Khel, the leading families are the Izzat Khel and at a long interval the Shinu Khel. The family of the Kh\u00e1ns of Baizai belong to the Izzat Khel branch. Khel live principally in Garhi Mawaz Kh\u00e1n. Kh\u00e1ns of Baizai belong to the Izzat Khel branch.\nSher Muhammad Khan Bangash.\nSher Muhammad Kh\u00e1n, a descendant of Malik Miri , is the first of the Baizai Kh\u00e1ns of whom anything is known beyond his name. He flourished in the time of Aurangzeb or during the last half of the 17th century Haji Bahadur Shah, the founder of a famous shrine in the town of Kohat, was a contemporary of his , and married his daughter. Sher Muhammad Kh\u00e1n redivided the Baizai lands, and fixed a tax of one rupee per bakhra or share, and this assessment afterwards became the standard of right in land. Sher Muhammad went on the Emperor's service to Hindustan and was there killed in battle death Ismail Kh\u00e1n was the Chief of the Kohat Bangashes. He was murdered by Ahmed Fatteh Kh\u00e1n Khel, who was almost immediately afterwards killed by Ismail Kh\u00e1n's Purbiah followers and . Sher Muhammad Khan, a famous scion of the Bangash chiefs, performed such exemplary feats of bravery and bravery that the ruler of the time, Aurangzeb Alamgir, was pleased and gave him the Shahi Talat Arabian breed horse and one hundred thousand rupees as a cash reward. Now it is a matter of great surprise and regret that the new generation is not even familiar with the name of Sher Muhammad Khan, although the great personality is buried in a nearby place in Kohat district at Regi Sikandar Khel, which is now also called Regi Shinokhel.Janan Baba shrine has spiritual charisma, here are buried such great dervishes of spirituality and Sufism. Whose greatness will remain forever. Pir Kabuli Baba and his friends are resting here. These eminent personalities are actually buried in the graveyard of Ziarat Sher Muhammad Khan Shaheed, the eleventh Sardar of Tapa Bai Zai of Malik Miri Division Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash Bangash. Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash, who was martyred in India Hyderabad Dakan in 1690 at the end of the 16th century while oppressing the Marathas, and from there a few Janissar Ghazi companions of the army brought him to his native land and buried him with the funeral prayer led by the great spiritual figure Haji Bahadur Sahib. were given Sher Muhammad Khan showed his bravery many times in the battles of right and wrong. When the Mughal rule was at its height in the subcontinent, like other famous people, Sher Muhammad Khan was also an important and well-known chief in the eyes of the Mughal ruler, and during this time he was sent to other areas to deal with internal and external rebellions. Due to his excellent war strategy, he always excelled in these war skills. Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash got the chiefdom after the death of his father Sardar Shahi Baig Khan Bangash.Sher Muhammad Khan Bin Shahi Baig Khan Bin Sikandar Khan Bin Shah Wali Khan Bin Malik Mir Bin Daulat Khan Bin Bai Khan Bin Malik Amir Khan Bin Amil Khan Bin Ismail Al-Ma'roof Bangash. In 1660, when Khushal Khan Khattak returned from Tirah to Kohat after fighting the wars of the Enlightenment movement, Dur Bibi, the mother of Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash, invited and feasted him on behalf of the Bangash tribe, maintaining her traditions. At that time, Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash, the chief of the Bangash tribe, was detained in the Gwalior Fort. When Mahabat Khan became the governor of Peshawar, Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash was released.Sher Muhammad Khan Bangash was active in many battles and performed great feats of bravery and bravery in a few battles of that time with the regional tribes. In which the most notable happened in 1684 near Kohat with Darya Khan Afridi and Tatar Khan Afridi.He also fought many battles with Khushal Khan Khattak, including the Shadi Khel, Dhoda battle and especially the Gumbat battle of 1686, the reason of which Khushal Khan Khattak called (BelaleyTange) which is now read as BiliTang.\nJahangir Khan Bangash.\nJahangir Khan Bangash, a descendant of Behzadi , is the first of the Tar Khel clan. His father name was Khawas Khan. Who was an Islamic saint. Whose Shrine in Kohat Kharmatu. He flourished in the time of Aurangzeb or during the last half of the 16th century Haji Bahadur Shah. He was the Contemporary of Hazrat Haji Bahadur and Emporer Aurangzeb.\nIzzat Khan Bangash.\nIzzat Kh\u00e1n had six sons, the principal of whom were Azmat, Larmast, Zabardast, and Musahib. Azmat Kh\u00e1n was the eldest , but though there are one or two sannads addressed to him it seems doubtful whether he ever succeeded to the Kh\u00e1nship. Larmast Kh\u00e1n is said to have succeeded his father. He accompanied Ahmed Shah Abdalli to Hindustan and got the title of Baz Jang Kuli Kh\u00e1n for good service in the Cashmere campaign. He was given a jagir in the neighbourhood of Gujrat. He was eventually killed in the Mahratta war. He was succeeded by his brother Zabardast Kh\u00e1n, who had governed Kohat Zabardast Kh\u00e1n during the absence of Larmast in Hindustan. Zabardast was the most powerful of the Baizai Kh\u00e1ns. He ruled over the country from the Indus to Biland Khel on the Kurram. Zabardast was employed in Cashmere during the time of the rebellion of Azad Kh\u00e1n ( A. D. 1787) in the reign of Tim\u00far Shah. He had written to the king offering to seize Az\u00e1d Kh\u00e1n, but the letter was intercepted by Azad Kh\u00e1n, who put him to death. He was succeeded by his son Naw\u00e1b Kh\u00e1n, who re-venged his father Zabardast. He slew Az\u00e1d Kh\u00e1n and cutting off his head, brought it back with him to Kohat. He oppressed the people, so the King dismissed him, and appointed in his stead Azizulla, the son of Musahib, son of Izzat Kh\u00e1n. Naw\u00e1b Kh\u00e1n, however, fought with Azizulla at Bhawalgarh (near Dhoda) and overthrew him. Many were slain and Nawab regained the chiefship.\nHe was afterwards murdered by his sons , Kh\u00e1n Bahadur, Shahwalli and Baz Gul, assisted by Miran Shah (father of the present Yusuf Shah Mian Khel). Kh\u00e1n Bahadur Kh\u00e1n had suspected his father Naw\u00e1b Kh\u00e1n of an intrigue with his own wife, hence the conspiracy against the latter. Kh\u00e1n Bahadar ruled for three driven out by Azizulla Kh\u00e1n. Kh\u00e1n Bahadar succeeds, but is supplanted by Azizulla . years, after which he was Azizulla was chief in A. D. 1809 at the time of the visit of Mr. Elphinstone, who mentions his son Umr Kh\u00e1n ; also the fact that the little fort of Kohat had lately been ruined by the internecine war between the chiefs . Struggles for the chief- ship. 6. After an interval of three years Kalandar Kh\u00e1n, a son of Lashkar Khan's, who was one of Kh\u00e1n Bahadar's adherents, attacked Azizulla Kh\u00e1n near Togh, but was defeated and killed . The defeated party however rallied at once and drove back Azizulla Kh\u00e1n to Koh\u00e1t. Kh\u00e1n Bahadar the Bangash clan to his side and drove Azizulla altogether. He fled to Ziarat Shekh Allahdad in Zira, where he was slain while praying in the mosque, by a party of Kh\u00e1n Bahadar's followers ,among them Sher Ali Kh\u00e1n, father of the late Nawab Bahadar Sher Kh\u00e1n, who was grandson to Azmat Kh\u00e1n, already mentioned as eldest son of Izzat Kh\u00e1n. After the death of Azizulla Kh\u00e1n there was great confusion . Sometimes Kh\u00e1n Bahadar was chief ; sometimes his elder brother Ismail, who had been a hostage with the King Shah Zaman at Kabul at the time of his father's murder ; sometimes Umr Kh\u00e1n, son of Azizulla Kh\u00e1n.This lasted till the second reign of Mahmud Shah. After Shah Mahomed Sult\u00e1n appointed Governor of Kohat. Baizai Kh\u00e1ns reduced to a subordinate position. Position of Sher Ali Kh\u00e1n. Shuja's flight in 1810, Mahomed Sult\u00e1n, brother of Mahmud Shah, was appointed Governor of Kohat, and the Baizai Kh\u00e1ns lost their semi-independent position . Sher Ali Kh\u00e1n, already mentioned as one of the murderers of Azizulla, now became the leading man of the family, and generally held a large part of the country in lease subordinate to the local rulers. When Kohat was granted in jagir to Sirdar Sult\u00e1n Mahomed Kh\u00e1n in 1836 he married the daughter of Sher Ali Kh\u00e1n. This girl was half sister to Sher Ali's elder sons Fatteh and Sharbat, and full sister to the younger sons Bahadar Sher and Atta Khan. Sult\u00e1n Mahomed Kh\u00e1ntreated Sher Ali Kh\u00e1n with great consideration . Sher Ali Kh\u00e1n died about 1844 A.D. He was succeeded in his leases by his eldest son Fatteh Kh\u00e1n, but after two years Fatteh Kh\u00e1n was dismissed in favor of Bahadar Sher Kh\u00e1n. Bahadar Sher Kh\u00e1n, probably through the in- fluence of the latter's sister. At annexation Bahadar Sher Kh\u00e1n fell into trouble with his revenue and fled to the hills . He was recalled by Captain Coke and placed in charge of the Kohat pass. He was granted a jagir, and after the pass blockade ( 1876-77 ) he was made a Naw\u00e1b. On his death in 1880 his brother Atta Kh\u00e1n was appointed to act for him. The sons of the elder brothers Fatteh Kh\u00e1n and Sharbat Kh\u00e1n live quietly at Bahadar Kot. In social position they are hardly above the ordinary zemindar. One of Sharbat's sons Mehr Ali Kh\u00e1n holds a somewhat better position as Jail darogha. His death in 1880. Position of other members of this family. A short account of N\u00e1wab Bahadar Sher Kh\u00e1n's family has been given in my remarks on the leading families of the district. 7. With the exception of Sher Ali's family all the other Izzat Khels have sunk into comparative obscurity. I shall men- tion a few of them on account of the interest attaching to them as descendants of men once celebrated. Gholam Kh\u00e1n, lambardar of K\u00e1l\u00fa Ch\u00edna, is the grandson of Lashkari Kh\u00e1n, son of the Chief Larmast Kh\u00e1n, who was a minor when his father died and was in consequence superseded by his uncle Zabardast Kh\u00e1n. Lashkari Kh\u00e1n planted the picturesque garden behind the Deputy Commissioner's house. The descendants of Zabardast Kh\u00e1n have almost disappeared. Atta Mahomed Kh\u00e1n, the grandson of the Chief Kh\u00e1n Bahadar, was a sergeant in the police. He was murdered at Marai in 1877. His son Zakhariah now holds a small appointment in the border police. Atta Kh\u00e1n, jagirdar of the little village of Miri, is the head of the family of Musahib Kh\u00e1n. He is son of the chief Umr Kh\u00e1n. He is a Deputy Inspector of Police in the Peshawar district."}
+{"id": "99159", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99159", "title": "Lakki Marwat", "text": "Lakki Marwat is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Lakki Marwat District."}
+{"id": "99160", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99160", "title": "Mansehra", "text": "Mansehra is a city in Pakistan. It is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is the capital of Mansehra District.\nThe district has 3 subdivisions - Mansehra Tehsil, Oghi Tehsil and Balakot. It also has a tribal territory called Kala Dhaka, which has however now been given a separate district status also. The district currently has 1.5 million people. The important towns in the district are Baffa, Shinkiari, Kaghan, Naran, Garhi Habibullah, Balakot,Phulra, Oghi, Darband and Khaki.\nThe Karakoram Highway (or KKH) goes through this district and has a 60\u00a0km stretch in the district. Likewise the Mansehra-Naran-Jalkhan-Naran (MNJC). Road also commences in the district and has a 200\u00a0km stretch up to Babusar Pass passing through the district. The MNJC is being developed as an alternate route to the Northern Areas of Pakistan."}
+{"id": "99161", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99161", "title": "Mardan", "text": "Mardan (Pashto: \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646), is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The city is the capital of Mardan District. It is known as the \"city of hospitality\"."}
+{"id": "99162", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99162", "title": "Nowshera", "text": "Nowshera is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Nowshera District."}
+{"id": "99163", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99163", "title": "Alpuri", "text": "Alpuri is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is the capital of Shangla District. It is the headquarters of Alpuri Tehsil."}
+{"id": "99165", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99165", "title": "Saidu Sharif", "text": "Saidu Sharif is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Swat District."}
+{"id": "99166", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99166", "title": "Tank, Pakistan", "text": "Tank is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Tank District."}
+{"id": "99167", "revid": "1458798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99167", "title": "Theatre (warfare)", "text": "In warfare, a theatre or theater is an area where there are many battles. Theatres are bordered by peaceful areas.\nSome wars, such as the Franco-Prussian War, are fought in one theatre. Many wars, for example the Seven Years' War have been fought in many different theatres. There were many theatres in World War I and World War II. The Napoleonic wars were the first multi-theatre war in modern times. The use of the word \"theatre\" for war was first seen in the book \"On War\" by Carl von Clausewitz.\nTheatre of operations.\nA \"Theatre of operations\" (TO) is a sub-area within a theatre of war. The boundary of a TO is defined by the commander who is orchestrating or providing support for specific combat operations within the TO. It means the territory, including adjoining sea areas and air space, in which a war was conducted.\nReferences.\n<br>"}
+{"id": "99168", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99168", "title": "Italian Campaign (WWI)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99169", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99169", "title": "Italian Campaign (World War One)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99172", "revid": "1295416", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99172", "title": "Charlotte Perrelli", "text": "Charlotte Perrelli (born Anna Jenny Charlotte Nilsson on October 7, 1974 in Hovmantorp, Kronobergs l\u00e4n) is a Swedish singer, television host and actress most famous for winning Melodifestivalen 1999 and subsequently the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with her song \"Take Me To Your Heaven\". \nSince then she has released six singles and four albums. In 2008, Perrelli won Melodifestivalen 2008, and then represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade, Serbia. Her song, \"Hero\", placed 18th out of 25 finalists.\nDiscography.\nAlbums.\nAll regularly released albums and their chart positions in the Sweden Top 60 (SWE).\nSoundtracks.\nSoundtracks containing Charlotte Perrelli songs.\nCompilations.\nCompilations containing Charlotte Perrelli songs."}
+{"id": "99173", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99173", "title": "Theater (warfare)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99174", "revid": "1373305", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99174", "title": "Attock District", "text": "Attock District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. \nAdministration.\nThe district of Attock is administratively subdivided into six tehsils, each with an elected Nazim:"}
+{"id": "99175", "revid": "9052564", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99175", "title": "Bahawalnagar District", "text": "Bahawalnagar District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bahawalnagar is the capital.It is 192 miles south of Lahore and about 120 miles east of Bahwalpur. River Satluj passes on the northern side at a distance of about 6 miles.\nHistory.\nBahawalnagar originally known as Rojhanwali was a small settlement consisting of few huts and shacks. This village Rojhanwali is still in existence at a distance of about 1.5 miles north of the Railway Station. In the year 1895, railway station was established and was named as Rojhanwali Railway Station. It was a Junction between Bahawalnagar and Bhatinda at distance of 113 miles, now linking branch lines Amrooka and Fortabbas. Before partition it was very busy junction. Trains used to run from Karachi to Delhi and vice versa via Bahawalnagar. Passenger trains also used to run from Bahawalnagar to Fazilka, Ferozpur. There was a locoshed and two institutes meant for recreation.\nAdministration.\nThe District of Bahawalnagar is spread over an area of 8,878 square kilometres comprising five tehsils and 118 Union Councils of Pakistan."}
+{"id": "99176", "revid": "1481737", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99176", "title": "Bahawalpur District", "text": "Bahawalpur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bahawalpur is the capital. The Riasti dialect of the Saraiki language is spoken here, and the neighboring areas in the Bahawalpur area of Cholistan.\nAdministration.\nThe district is administratively divided into five tehsils and 107 Union Councils:"}
+{"id": "99177", "revid": "9052565", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99177", "title": "Bhakkar District", "text": "Bhakkar District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bhakkar is the capital.\nAdministration.\nThe district is administratively divided into four tehsils and 42 Union Councils of Pakistan"}
+{"id": "99178", "revid": "247254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99178", "title": "Chakwal District", "text": "Chakwal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Chakwal is the capital.\nAdministration.\nThe district is administratively subdivided into five tehsils and 68 Union Councils"}
+{"id": "99179", "revid": "9052570", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99179", "title": "Dera Ghazi Khan District", "text": "Dera Ghazi Khan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Dera Ghazi Khan is the capital."}
+{"id": "99180", "revid": "1694959", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99180", "title": "Faisalabad District", "text": "Faisalabad District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Faisalabad is the capital."}
+{"id": "99181", "revid": "1649820", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99181", "title": "Gujranwala District", "text": "Gujranwala District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Gujranwala is the capital. \nHistory.\nGujranwala (), the capital of Gujranwala District, is a city in the northeast of the Punjab province in Pakistan. It borders the districts of Sialkot, to the north and east, Shiekhupura, to the south, Hafizabad, to the west and south, and Gujrat district to the west, on the other side of the Chenab river. The district is in the ancient region of Punjab, known as Sandal Bar, between the rivers of Chenab and Ravi.\nThe southern area of Gujranwala district is known as the Virkyat region or Virk territory, were the Virk Jatts held their territory, independently. The Chatha Jatts never got on with the Sikh Sardars, there were wars all the time. until the reign of Sher-e-Panjab. Before the arrival of Sikhs, into Gujranwala area, it was mainly held by local Muslim tribes, while Gujranwala, Garjakh, Qila Mian Singh, Botala Jhanda Singh, Butala Sham Singh, Eminabad, Kamoke, Qila Didar Singh, Ruriala, Mari Thakran, Ladhe Wala Waraich, Wazirabad, Dhounkal, Wadala Cheema, Mughal Chak were the only, that were under local Sikh Rule. In 1738, Panah Bhatti, a very powerful, Chieftain, had the whole of western Punjab, from Hasan Abdal, Attock, to the banks of the River Ravi, at his mercy, Gujranwala area, was to under his influence, but was defeated, by the Muslim Mughal Governors, of Lahore. Panah Bhatti, was captured and killed. \nSardar Amir Singh, was a very old Sikh Chieftain of Gujranwala, belonging to the Waraich Jat Clan. He had two sons Gurbakhsh Singh and Dal Singh, and two daughters including, Desan Kaur (d. 1778), Mai Desan in 1756, was married to Sardar Charat Singh Sukerchakia (d. 1770), who was from Amritsar District of Punjab, crossed the river Ravi, with a large Sikh army, and Occupied Gujranwala, establishing his independent State. Mai Desan, gave birth to Sardar Mahan Singh Sukerchakia (d. 1792), who expanded his territories, and fought against the Chatha Jats, who he defeated. He married Mata Raj Kaur, the daughter of Rajah Gajpat Singh, a Sidhu Jatt, ruler of Jind Sikh State, in about 1777, who later gave birth to Maharajah Ranjit Singh Sher-e-Panjab in 1780, in Gujranwala Haveli (Mansion), the biggest and tallest building in Gujranwala and fortified, at that time, where the great Sikh Chieftains lived. From 1792-1801, Gujranwala remained the capital of Ranjit Singh, until he captured Lahore in 1799, from Sardar Chet Singh Bhangi, a weak Sikh Chieftain of Lahore. Sardar Hari Singh Nalua (1791-1837), was also born in Gujranwala, to Sardar Gurdial Singh, and Mata Dharam Kaur, a Uppal Khatri, who was also the commander and general of the Sikh army during the Sikh times, family was originally from Amritsar. He has been credited for having rebuilt the present city of Gujranwala.\nRanjit Singh, brought all the independent Muslim states of Gujranwala, under his rule. During the later Sikh rule, the Hindu's of Gujranwala, played a great role, in those days. Maharajah Ranjit Singh, having, great tolerance, built many Durgahs of Sufi Saints, such as Mastan Shah, near Gujranwala, according to the local legends of Gujranwalia's. Who is said to have met the maharajah during his childhood. He Visited Dhounkal village, near Wazirabad city, in Gujranwala, where the shrine of mystical Sakhi Sarwar stands.\nIt has been recorded that a small number of the total Sikh population, of Gujranwala district, were from Eastern Punjab, who started settling in Gujranwala, during the occupation of the area, by the Sikh chief, Charat Singh. Sardar Jhanda Singh, also in between 1760-1799, migrated to Gujranwala, where he established his own Authority, and later founded the village of Botala Jhanda Singh. Other Sikh Sardars such as the Maan Jatt Sikh Sardars of Mughal Chak, and the Waraich Jatt Sikh Sardars of Ruriala in Gujranwala, were also from Amritsar District. Most of the Lahore Sikh royal family members, were from mainly Gujranwala, Sialkot, and some from Amritsar district. There are hundreds of old Islamic Tombs, Forts, Canals, Villages, Gurdwaras, Temples, Mansions, old Villages, Mosques, Baradari's and city walls, which are in ruins, scattered throughout Gujranwala countryside.\nThe second Anglo Sikh Wars were fought in 1848-49, between the Sikh Empire and British East India Company. were fought at Ram Nagar, also in Gujranwala, where it was Sikh Victory. In 1847, the district had come under British influence. two year later it was under British rule in 1849.\nIn 1947, Gujranwala District, was awarded to Pakistan, because of Muslims being a majority forming about 75%, while the Sikhs were 10% and the Hindus were about 15%. Plunder, masses of Looting, Force Conversion, Genocide, destruction, and rioting took place in Gujranwala, during 1947, August time. It has been recorded that Sikhs, also protected their villages, in Gujranwala, along with the Hindus, and many died fighting, against the Muslim looters. All the Sikh and Hindu population, left for Eastern Punjab. While the Muhajir Muslims, from the Indian States of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Delhi, in en masse, migrated to Pakistan, a good number of them settled in the Gujranwala region. Today Gujranwala, has the largest population, along with other districts, The Tribes of Gujranwala, are mainly Jatts, Rajputs, and the Muhajirs.\nAdministration.\nThe district is composed of 4 tehsils: "}
+{"id": "99182", "revid": "1505746", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99182", "title": "Gujrat District", "text": "Gujrat District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Gujrat is the capital.\nGujrat District, had many Sikh Sardars, ruling villages, Islam was a majority, With 10% Sikhs and Hindus together in the District. Islam had a good influence over the Jatts of Gujrat District, 98% of Jatts them followed Islam, The People of this region are mainly Jatts, Rajputs, Gakhars, Balochi, Pathans, etc. \nRelated pages.\nThe district is composed of 3 tehsils: "}
+{"id": "99183", "revid": "9052601", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99183", "title": "Hafizabad District", "text": "Hafizabad District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Hafizabad is the capital."}
+{"id": "99184", "revid": "9052593", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99184", "title": "Jhang District", "text": "Jhang District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Jhang is the capital.\nAdministration.\nThe district of Jhang is administratively subdivided into 3 tehsils, these are:"}
+{"id": "99185", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99185", "title": "Jhelum District", "text": "Jhelum District () is in the Punjab province of Pakistan. According the 1998 census, the district had 936,957 people, of which 31.48% were urban. Jhelum is known for providing many soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs and warriors. The district of Jhelum stretches from the Jhelum River almost to the Indus. Salt is quarried at the Mayo mine in the Salt Range. There are two coal-mines, the only ones worked in the province, from which the North-Western railway gets some of coal. The chief centre of the salt trade is Pind Dadan Khan. The district is crossed by the main line of the North-Western railway, and also traversed along the south by a branch line. It is in the north of the Punjab province, Jhelum district is bordered by Sargodha to its south, Gujrat and the Jhelum River to its south and east, Chakwal to its west, Mirpur to its east, and Rawalpindi to its north.\nAdministration.\nThe district of Jhelum, which covers an area of 3,587\u00a0km2, is administratively divided into four tehsils: Jhelum, Sohawa, Pind Dadan Khan and Dina, - which are divided into 53 Union Councils. It also contains the city of Jhelum.\nDemographics.\nAccording to census 2017 total population of District Jhelum is 1222650 . In Total population males are 601964 , female are 620636 and Transgender are 50 . Average annual growth rate is 1.41 from 1998 to 2017.\nAccording to the 1998 census of Pakistan, 936,957 people lived in Jhelum District. There were 261 people per square kilometre. According the Punjab Education Department's annual literacy statistics for 2006, Jhelum had a literacy rate of 79% which is among the highest in Pakistan. Human Development Index of Jhelum is 0.770, which highest in Pakistan after Karachi.\nLanguage.\nPeople of Jhelum District speak Punjabi. The written language is Urdu. Many also speak Pothwari.\nClimate.\nThe climate of the tract is extreme. In winter it is very cold and summer is very hot. The average rainfall varies from 48 to 69\u00a0mm each year."}
+{"id": "99186", "revid": "9052633", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99186", "title": "Kasur District", "text": "Kasur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Kasur is the capital."}
+{"id": "99187", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99187", "title": "Khanewal District", "text": "Khanewal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Khanewal is the capital.\nDistrict Government.\nThe District is headed by a powering authority named as District Coordination Officer.Dco handles all developments and problem issues in whole District.EDO's work under DCO to cooperate in operations which are going on in District."}
+{"id": "99188", "revid": "9052635", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99188", "title": "Khushab District", "text": "Khushab District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Khushab is the capital."}
+{"id": "99189", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99189", "title": "Lahore District", "text": "Lahore District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Lahore is the capital."}
+{"id": "99190", "revid": "247254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99190", "title": "Layyah District", "text": "Layyah District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Layyah is the capital. \nLayyah District shares borders with the districts of Bhakkar (north), Muzaffargarh (south), Jhang (east) and D.G. Khan (west). The District is of semi rectangular shape and has sandy land. The total area of the district is 6291 km2. It is 88 km from east to west & 75\u00a0km from north to south. It is made up of the three tehsils of:\nLayyah District has an extremely hot climate. The temperature in winter is low because it is near the Koh-Suleman mountains. The tehsil Chaubara is almost barren and is made up of forest and sand dunes. The tehsil of Layyah and Karor Lal Esan are better developed agriculturally but they have also large areas of sand dunes and uncultivated land. The river Indus passes from north to south on western side of the district and touches D.G. Khan."}
+{"id": "99191", "revid": "9052637", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99191", "title": "Lodhran District", "text": "Lodhran District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Lodhran is the capital."}
+{"id": "99192", "revid": "9052638", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99192", "title": "Mandi Bahauddin District", "text": "Mandi Bahauddin District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mandi Bahauddin is the capital.\nThe district has three tehsils, these are:"}
+{"id": "99193", "revid": "9052595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99193", "title": "Mianwali District", "text": "Mianwali District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mianwali is the capital."}
+{"id": "99194", "revid": "9052596", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99194", "title": "Multan District", "text": "Multan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 3.117 million (1.315 million or 42.2% in urban areas). Its capital is the city of Multan."}
+{"id": "99195", "revid": "9052598", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99195", "title": "Muzaffargarh District", "text": "Muzaffargarh District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Muzaffargarh is the capital.\nTehsils.\nThe district Muzaffargarh is divided in to five administrative tehsils."}
+{"id": "99196", "revid": "9052632", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99196", "title": "Nankana Sahib District", "text": "Nankana Sahib District or Khairpur Bhattian () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Nankana Sahib is the capital.\nAdministration.\nNankana Sahib District is administratively subdivided into four tehsils:"}
+{"id": "99197", "revid": "9052639", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99197", "title": "Narowal District", "text": "Narowal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Narowal is the capital. The Darhab dialect of the Punjabi language is spoken in this very district and the surrounding areas.\nBoundaries.\nThe district is bounded on the northwest by Sialkot District, on the north by Indian Kashmir, on the east by Gurdaspur District (Republic of India) which contains the Pathankot Tehsil contiguous to Pakistan; and internationalised on the south by Amritsar District (Republic of India) and Sheikhupura District to the south-west."}
+{"id": "99198", "revid": "111904", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99198", "title": "The Taito Corporation", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99199", "revid": "9052602", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99199", "title": "Okara District", "text": "Okara District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Okara is the capital."}
+{"id": "99200", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99200", "title": "Taito", "text": "The Taito Corporation is an innovator of coin operated video games. Taito was founded in 1953 to import peanuts and vodka to Japan. They also made vending machines for the vodka and peanuts. The next year (1954), Taito began making jukeboxes and other amusement machines. These machines were designed by other companies but in 1956 Taito designed and produced Japans first jukebox. Taito started to buy, sell, and lease pinball machines in 1956. Taito became the manufacturer of Seeburg corporation (USA) jukeboxes in 1962. Taito produced Japans first crane-type coin operated machine in 1965. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry gave Taito a commendation prize for enterprise in 1970. In 1973 Taito made Pro Hockey and Soccer video games as well as Elepong. Elepong was the first Japanese designed coin operated game. Taito are most famous for making Space Invaders in 1978. Taito says \"Space Invaders was a worldwide phenomenon\". Taito has been one of the leading makers of coin operated video games in the world for more than thirty years."}
+{"id": "99201", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99201", "title": "Pakpattan District", "text": "Pakpattan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Pakpattan is the capital."}
+{"id": "99202", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99202", "title": "Rahim Yar Khan District", "text": "Rahimyar Khan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rahimyar Khan is the capital."}
+{"id": "99204", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99204", "title": "Space Invaders", "text": "Space Invaders is a video game made by the Taito Corporation. \"Space Invaders\" is one of the most famous early video games. The game is about defending the Earth from Space Invaders (aliens) by shooting them down before they can land. There have been seven versions of \"Space Invaders\" made by the Taito Corporation. \"Space Invaders\" was designed by the Taito Corporations man in charge of the game making department, Toshihiro Nishikado. Nishikado was inspired to make the game after watching \"Star Wars\" and \"War of the Worlds\". At first \"Space Invaders\" was a coin-operated machine but has been made available for almost every games console and home computer. Before making \"Space Invaders\", Nishikado worked on games called \"Soccer\" and \"Interceptor\". He says the hardest part of making a video game is designing the computer inside it. Taito describes \"Space Invaders\" as \"an international phenomenon\"."}
+{"id": "99205", "revid": "9052604", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99205", "title": "Rajanpur District", "text": "Rajanpur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rajanpur is the capital."}
+{"id": "99206", "revid": "1343687", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99206", "title": "Rawalpindi District", "text": "Rawalpindi District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rawalpindi is the capital. The district is divided into seven tehsils, these are:\nIn 1901 Punjab Census, the Sikhs numbered 26,363, Hindus 57,325, and the Muslims being 466,918 83%. But between 1901 and 1931, there was a large number of Hindus converting to Sikhism. By 1947, there would have been more than 100,000 Sikhs In this district, and also the population growing."}
+{"id": "99207", "revid": "9052647", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99207", "title": "Sahiwal District", "text": "Sahiwal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sahiwal is the capital.\nSahiwal is on GT Road. It is 167 km from Lahore."}
+{"id": "99208", "revid": "9052640", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99208", "title": "Sargodha District", "text": "Sargodha District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sargodha is the capital."}
+{"id": "99210", "revid": "9052641", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99210", "title": "Sialkot District", "text": "Sialkot District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sialkot is the \nIt is recorded that Masses of Jatts of Sialkot district, converted to Islam, under Daud Bandagi Kirmani (1513-1575), of Shergarh during the reign of Emperor Akbar between, 1556-1605. The Clans that converted included Sandhu, Ghumman, Bajwa, Virk, Maan, Cheema, Basra, Kahlon, Goraya, Sahi, Hanjra, Dehothar."}
+{"id": "99211", "revid": "247254", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99211", "title": "Toba Tek Singh District", "text": "Toba Tek Singh District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Toba Tek Singh is the capital."}
+{"id": "99212", "revid": "9052642", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99212", "title": "Vehari District", "text": "Vehari District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Vehari is the capital."}
+{"id": "99213", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99213", "title": "Attock", "text": "Attock is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Attock District. The city was founded during the British period and it was originally named Campbellpur after its British governor Sir Colin Campbell however the name was changed to Attock after the independence of Pakistan from British rule in 1947."}
+{"id": "99214", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99214", "title": "Bahawalnagar", "text": "Bahawalnagar is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province. It is the capital of Bahawalnagar District. It is located near the India\u2013Pakistan border."}
+{"id": "99215", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99215", "title": "Bahawalpur", "text": "Bahawalpur is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Bahawalpur District."}
+{"id": "99216", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99216", "title": "Bhakkar", "text": "Bhakkar (, Seraiki: \u0628\u06be\u06a9\u0631) is the capital city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31\u00b037'60N 71\u00b04'0E at an elevation of 159 metres and lies on the left bank of the Indus river. It has a population of almost 300,000 people and was given district status in 1981. It is also the capital of the tehsil of the same name (Bhakkar Tehsil)."}
+{"id": "99217", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99217", "title": "Chakwal", "text": "Chakwal is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Chakwal District."}
+{"id": "99218", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99218", "title": "Dera Ghazi Khan", "text": "Dera Ghazi Khan is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Dera Ghazi Khan District."}
+{"id": "99219", "revid": "1386969", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99219", "title": "Faisalabad", "text": "Faisalabad, formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Faisalabad District. The city is an important centre of trade and industry."}
+{"id": "99220", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99220", "title": "Union councils of Pakistan", "text": "A Union Council or Village Council in Pakistan is an elected local government body that has 21 councillors. They are elected by the people. Each Union Council is headed by a Nazim, which is similar to a mayor, and a Naib Nazim (similar to a deputy mayor).\nAdministration.\nUnion Councils are the fifth level (the lowest level) of government in Pakistan. Union Councils are often known as Village Councils in rural areas, esp. in KP during the PTI Government provincial reforms.\nThe area represented by a Village Council usually comprises a large village and surrounding areas, often including nearby smaller villages. The term \"Union Council\" may be used for areas that are part of cities.\nEach Union Council is governed by a Union Nazim (similar to a mayor), each union council has 13 elected members known as councillors. As well as four male and two female members elected directly, there are two male and two female representatives of the labour, a minority member, a Nazim and his deputy known as Naib Nazim.\nAlso as well as the elected members, there are several government employees and functionaries in every union council, who report to the Secretary of the Union Council. The last one is a civil servant appointed by the state.\nThe territory of a Union Council or Village Council is usually part of a tehsil, (a tehsil is a district subdivision). Less commonly, a Union Council may be part of a City District.\nStructure of local Government.\nShown below is a simplified structure of the political hierarchy."}
+{"id": "99221", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99221", "title": "Seer Gharbi", "text": "Seer Gharbi is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country of Pakistan. It is in the southeastern part of the province, bordering the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province.\nMeaning.\nSeer Gharbi means \"Western Seer\". This is because there are two towns called \"Seer\" and are very near to each other. The other Seer is known as \"Seer Sharqi\", which means \"Eastern Seer\".\n2005 earthquake.\nOn October 8, 2005, Seer Gharbi, like much of Abbottabad District, was affected by an earthquake. However the number of people killed or injured was low, the damage was largely to buildings and damage to water supplies.\nSubdivisions.\nThe Union Council of Seer Gharbi is subdivided into three areas: Basbher, Malmola and Seer Gharbi."}
+{"id": "99222", "revid": "1035196", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99222", "title": "Tranmere Rovers F.C.", "text": "Tranmere Rovers Football Club is an English football club. They were a member of The Football League until 2015, when they were relegated to the Football Conference. They returned to the football league in 2018. Their main rivals are Chester, Wrexham, and Bolton Wanderers."}
+{"id": "99223", "revid": "551548", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99223", "title": "Corumb\u00e1", "text": "Corumb\u00e1 is a Brazilian city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has about 120,000 inhabitants and an area of 64.960,86 km\u00b2."}
+{"id": "99224", "revid": "1161309", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99224", "title": "Christopher Lee", "text": "Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee CBE, CStJ (27 May 1922 7 June 2015) was an English actor. He was a direct descendent of the Italian aristocrat Marie Carandini.\nLee was best known for his many movie characters. For example, Dracula and Fu Manchu in many movies during the 1950s through the 1970s. He became even better known as Scaramanga in the Bond movie \"The Man with the Golden Gun\", Saruman the White in \"The Lord of the Rings\" trilogy and Count Dooku in \"\".\nHe performed roles in 275 movies since 1948. He appeared in over 75 television programs. Lee was also a voice actor, providing his voice in over 50 movies. This made him the Guinness World Record holder for most movie acting roles ever. Lee was also a singer and his latest album was released in 2013.\nLee lived in London. He was married to Danish model Birgit Kroencke.\nEarly years.\nLee was born in Belgravia, London, England, on 27 May 1922. He and his older sister Xandra were raised by Estelle Marie and Geoffrey Trollope until their divorce in 1926. Trollope was a professional soldier. Later, while Lee was still a child, his mother married (and later divorced) Harcourt George \"Ingle\" St. Croix, a banker. Lee studied at Wellington College from age 14 to 17. After this, he worked as an office clerk in a couple of London shipping companies. In 1941, he enlisted in the RAF during World War II. \nEarly career.\nAfter military service, Lee joined the Rank Organisation in 1947. He trained as an actor in their \"Charm School\". He played many small parts in movies, for example, \"Corridor of Mirrors\" (1948). He had a small part in Laurence Olivier's \"Hamlet\" (1948). Peter Cushing was also in this movie. Lee and Cushing also both acted in \"Moulin Rouge\" (1952) but did not meet until later when they did horror movies together. They are well known for working together in horror movies.\nHammer Films.\nLee had many parts in movies and television during the 1950s. He did not become famous until he started working with Hammer Film Productions. With Hammer Films, he acted in \"The Curse of Frankenstein\" (1957), \"Dracula\" (1958), \"The Mummy\" (1959), and \"The Hound of the Baskervilles\" (1959). All of these movies also starred Cushing. Lee continued his role as \"Dracula\" in many Hammer sequels during the 1960s and early 1970s. During this time, he acted many times as Fu Manchu. The most notable was in the first of the series \"The Face of Fu Manchu\" (1965). He also acted in many movies in Europe. With his own production company, Charlemagne Productions, Ltd., Lee made \"Nothing But the Night\" (1972) and \"To the Devil a Daughter\" (1976). By the mid-1970s, Lee wanted to stop making horror movies. He acted in several mainstream movies, for example \"The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes\" (1970), \"The Three Musketeers\" (1973), \"The Four Musketeers\" (1974), and the James Bond movie \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" (1974).\nLater career.\nBecause these movies were very well liked, he chose to move to Hollywood in the mid-1970s. He was a busy actor but most of the work he did for movies and television was not very notable. Because of this, he decided moved back to England. Lee's career became very notable again in the early 2000s. His acting in \"The Lord of the Rings\" movie trilogy (2001\u20132003) (as Saruman the White) and \"\" (2002) (as Count Dooku) caused this. Lee is the only member of the cast of \"The Lord of the Rings\" trilogy who met author J.R.R. Tolkien.\nDeath.\nLee died at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital on 7 June 2015 at 8:30 am after being admitted for respiratory problems and heart failure, shortly after celebrating his 93rd birthday there. His wife delayed the public announcement until 11 June, in order to break the news to their family.\nAwards and honours.\nIn 2001, he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his contributions to the movie and television industries. He was knighted for services to drama and charity in 2009. He received the BAFTA Fellowship in 2011."}
+{"id": "99225", "revid": "10495", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99225", "title": "Liv tyler", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99226", "revid": "248920", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99226", "title": "Liv Tyler", "text": "Liv Rundgren Tyler (born July 1, 1977) is an American actress and former model. She is best known for her roles of Grace Stamper in \"Armageddon\" and Arwen in \"The Lord of the Rings\" movie trilogy. She is the daughter of Aerosmith's singer, Steven Tyler.\nTyler was born Liv Rundgren at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, New York. She is the first born daughter of Bebe Buell, a model, singer, and was the Playboy Playmate of the month Miss November 1974, and Steven Tyler, the lead singer of Aerosmith. Her maternal grandmother, Dorothea Johnson, founded the Protocol School of Washington. Her mother named her after Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann. At birth, Bebe Buell claimed that rock star Todd Rundgren was Tyler's biological father. Tyler spent most of her childhood living with that understanding, only finding her true parentage at age nine, after meeting Steven Tyler at a Rundgren concert in Boston. Also, when Tyler was growing up, Steven Tyler started coming to visit. Then at another meeting in 1988, seeing that Steven Tyler's other daughter, Mia, looked very similar to herself, she asked her mother. The truth about Tyler's paternity did not become public until 1991, when she changed her name from Rundgren to Tyler, but kept the old one as a middle name. Buell's reason for the decision was that Steven Tyler was too heavily addicted to drugs at that time. Since knowing the truth about her paternity, Liv and Steven Tyler have had a close relationship. They have even made their careers intertwine when Liv performed in Aerosmith's video \"Crazy\" and when Aerosmith wrote and performed many of the songs in Liv's movie \"Armageddon\".\nTyler went to the Congressional School of Virginia, Breakwater Elementary and Wayneflete schools (in Portland, Maine) before returning to New York City with her mother at the age of twelve. She went to York Prep in NYC for Junior High and High School, graduating in 1995. One month later Tyler set off for Italy, to star in \"Stealing Beauty\"."}
+{"id": "99227", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99227", "title": "Dourados", "text": "Dourados is a Brazilian city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has about 200,000 inhabitants and an area of ."}
+{"id": "99239", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99239", "title": "Carlo Gesualdo", "text": "Carlo Gesualdo, known as Gesualdo da Venosa (born probably 8 March 1566 \u2013 8 September 1613), Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, was an Italian music composer, lutenist and murderer. He lived in the late part of the Renaissance period. He is famous for his beautifully expressive madrigals which are written in a very chromatic style (using lots of sharps and flats). He is also remembered for committing a horrible murder.\nLife.\nGesualdo came from an aristocratic family. He was probably born at Venosa, but we know hardly anything about his early life. We know that he was extremely interested in music when he was small and showed very little interest in anything else. He played the lute, harpsichord and guitar.\nThe murders.\nIn 1586, Gesualdo married his first cousin, Donna Maria d'Avalos, the daughter of the Marquis of Pescara. Two years later she began to have a love affair with Fabrizio Carafa, the Duke of Andria. For two years her husband knew nothing about her love affair. Then one day he returned unexpectedly to his palace (he may have suspected that something was happening) and found them making love. He murdered them both in their bed. He then left their bodies in front of the palace for everyone to see. In those days in Italy a nobleman could not be arrested and punished. However, someone might have wanted to kill him in revenge, so he ran away to the town of Gesualdo where he had a castle.\nA lot of people heard about the murders. Famous poets such as Tasso wrote poems about it. Nothing was done to arrest Gesualdo, however. Some people at the time said that he also murdered one of Maria\u2019s babies because he thought he might not have been the father. Other people even said that he murdered his father-in-law when he came wanting to kill him in revenge, but we do not know whether this was true.\nFerrara years.\nIn 1594, Gesualdo went to the town of Ferrara which was famous for music which was being composed by modern composers experimenting with new ideas. He spent two years there and composed his first book of madrigals. There he married another woman who was a niece of Duke Alfonso II d\u2019Este. The couple moved back to Gesualdo in 1597.\nReturn to Gesualdo, and final years.\nAfter returning to his castle at Gesualdo from Ferrara in 1597, he tried to make the town famous for music. He invited some of Italy\u2019s most famous musicians to come and work for him. Since he was very rich he could afford to do this. However, the music making only took place in his castle (printing with Giovanni Giacomo Carlino). Gesualdo spent the last years of his life doing nothing except music. He hardly ever left his castle. \nGesualdo\u2019s new marriage was not a happy one. His wife said he was cruel and she tried to divorce him. She spent a lot of time away from the castle and wrote him angry letters.\nLate in life he suffered from depression and madness. We do not know whether this was because he felt bad about being a murderer, but he probably did feel guilty. He often made his servants hit him. He also wrote very strange letters to a cardinal asking him to send him some of his dead uncle\u2019s skeleton because he thought these remains would make him better.\nGesualdo died alone at his castle. The chapel where he was buried was destroyed by an earthquake in 1688. There is still a burial plaque in the rebuilt church.\nHis music.\nWe think it is likely that Gesualdo felt terribly guilt all his life about the murders he had committed, and these guilty feelings can be heard in his music. The words of his madrigals are often very emotional: they are about \"love\", \"pain\", \"death\", \"ecstasy\", \"agony\". Of course, other madrigal composers used such words, but Gesualdo\u2019s music is really extreme. It is often wildly chromatic. Other composers did not copy his style.\nHe wrote both sacred (religious) and secular (non-religious) songs, and some music for instruments. His most famous compositions are his six published books of madrigals (between 1594 and 1611), as well as his \"Tenebrae Responsories\", which are very much like madrigals, except that they use texts from the Passion story about Christ\u2019s death on the cross."}
+{"id": "99243", "revid": "11252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99243", "title": "Software development kit", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99244", "revid": "11252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99244", "title": "Sdk", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99245", "revid": "11252", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99245", "title": "SDK", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99249", "revid": "5738", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99249", "title": "Nanny (disambiguation)", "text": "The Nanny may mean:"}
+{"id": "99253", "revid": "1458798", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99253", "title": "AdventureQuest", "text": "AdventureQuest is an RPG (role-playing game) made by Artix Entertainment."}
+{"id": "99270", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99270", "title": "Constructed languages", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99271", "revid": "1398040", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99271", "title": "Conflict", "text": "A conflict is a struggle between people which may be physical, or between very different ideas. The word comes from the Latin verb , which means \"to come together for a battle\". Conflicts can either be within one person, or they can involve several people or groups. Conflicts arise because there are needs, values or ideas that are seen to be different, and there is no means to reconcile the dispute. \nVery often, conflicts lead to fights or even wars (in the case where conflicts are solved with weapons). Conflict between ideas is usually fought with propaganda."}
+{"id": "99275", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99275", "title": "Constructed script", "text": "A constructed script (also artificial script, neography, and conscript for short) is a kind of writing system. It is a writing system that is specifically created by an individual or group, and is not like an evolved natural script. In contrast, natural scripts evolve and grow as part of a natural language or culture.\nSome constructed scripts are made to be used for constructed languages. Other constructed scripts are used in linguistic experimentation or for other more practical uses in existing languages."}
+{"id": "99277", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99277", "title": "Constructed scripts", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99278", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99278", "title": "Artificial script", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99279", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99279", "title": "Fanbase", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99283", "revid": "16695", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99283", "title": "An Inspector Calls", "text": "An Inspector Calls is a play written in 1945 by the British playwright J. B. Priestley, but set in 1912. Its socialist views ran against the capitalist views of many theatres visitors. It was first performed in 1945 in two Moscow theatres. It was then first produced in London at the New Theatre on 1 October 1946. \nThe play shows the way in which people are all connected, and reflects Priestley's socialist views while outlining the problems he saw with capitalism. The main themes in the play are an equitable (fair) society, responsibility and love.\nDramatic devices.\nJ. B. Priestley uses dramatic devices and dramatic irony to signal characters and introduce the inspector. For example, the house is pink and intimate while they are celebrating the engagement, but when the sharp ring of a door bell is heard, the lighting changes to a brighter and harder colour. Some believe that it represents an interrogation room due to the bright lights that are shining on the Birlings as the inspector comes in and picks the story out of them bit by bit. Dramatic irony is used throughout the play to create prejudice between Mr. Birling and the audience. "}
+{"id": "99284", "revid": "1687571", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99284", "title": "Justice and Equality Movement", "text": "The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) is a rebel group involved in the Darfur conflict of Sudan. It is led by Khalil Ibrahim. Together with other rebel groups such as the Sudan Liberation Army, they are fighting against the government-supported Janjaweed militia. The JEM is also a member of the Eastern Front, a rebel coalition. After the Eastern Front signed a peace deal with the central government, the JEM lost access to its funding from Eritrea.\nThe JEM traces its foundation to the writers of the \"\", a manuscript published in 2000 that shows some problems. JEM has an Islamist ideology, and the government links the group to Hassan al-Turabi, although leaders of the group and Turabi himself deny the claim. However, al-Turabi blames the government for making the situation worse\". \nOn January 20, 2006, the group merged with the Sudan Liberation Movement, along with other rebel groups, to form the Alliance of Revolutionary Forces of West Sudan. However, the JEM and SLM negotiated as separate groups with peace talks with the government in May 2006.\nIn October of 2007, the JEM attacked an oilfield in the Kordofan region of Sudan. This olified is controlled by a Chinese consortium. The next month, a group of 135 Chinese engineers arrived in Darfur to work on this field. Ibrahim told reporters, \"We oppose them coming because the Chinese are not interested in human rights. It is just interested in Sudan's resources.\" The JEM claims that the revenue from oil sold to China funds the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed militia.\nOn the morning of December 11th, 2007, Khalil Ibrahim claimed that JEM forces fought and defeated Sudanese government troops guarding a Chinese-run oilfield in the Kordofan region. Khartoum officials, however, denied that any oil fields had come under attack. Ibrahim said that the attack was part of a JEM campaign to rid Sudan of Chinese-run oilfields and stated that \"[The JEM] want all Chinese companies to leave. They have been warned many times. They should not be there.\""}
+{"id": "99287", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99287", "title": "Tengwa", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99290", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99290", "title": "Fictional universes", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99291", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99291", "title": "Fictional characters", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99292", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99292", "title": "Domestic dog", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99293", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99293", "title": "Holden (disambiguation)", "text": "Holden is the name of an Australian brand of automobile. Holden can also mean:\nPlaces.\nIn the United States.\nThere are also:"}
+{"id": "99295", "revid": "314538", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99295", "title": "Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien", "text": "This article is about the constructed languages of J. R. R. Tolkien, which he used in his books about the Middle-earth fictional universe.\nHistory.\nJ. R. R. Tolkien was a philologist, and he was interested in language since he was a child. He invented several languages to use in his Middle-earth writings. \nAside from the external history, most of his languages have also an invented \"internal history\". This describes how the languages evolved and were spoken inside the fictional story. \nSome of Tolkien's languages have a detailed grammar and vocabulary. Other languages are not very detailed, and some have only a few words and names. Quenya and Sindarin are the best- and most-developed languages, while others like Rohirric, Khuzd\u00fbl, or Black Speech are simpler.\nTolkien also created the Tengwar, Sarati, and Cirth scripts for his languages.\nLanguages of Middle-earth.\nElvish languages.\nThe \"Elvish languages\" or \"Eldarin languages\" are used by Elves in the Middle-earth universe. At times, Elvish languages were the common speech. Later humans also used the Elvish language, especially scientists and the nobility. \nThe Eldarin languages can be divided into two groups: Quenya and the Telerin languages (which includes Telerin, Nandorin, and Sindarin).\nQuenya.\n\"Quenya\" was spoken by the Vanyar and Noldor elves in Valinor. When the Noldor returned to Middle-earth in the First Age, they brought Quenya with them. But the native Sindarin became far more common in everyday speech. \nIn the Second Age and especially in the Third Age, Quenya in Middle-earth was used more as a scientific and ritual language. Because of this, Tolkien sometimes called Quenya the \"Elf-Latin\".\nTelerin.\n\"Telerin\" was spoken by the Teleri elves. From Telerin developed several new languages and dialects, like Sindarin.\nSindarin.\nThe \"Sindarin\" dialect came from Telerin. It was spoken by the Sindar (or Grey Elves) in Middle-earth. It later became the most common elvish language spoken in Middle-earth.\nMannish (Human) languages.\nAd\u00fbnaic.\n\"Ad\u00fbnaic\" is the language of the people of N\u00famenor. After the Fall of N\u00famenor, Ad\u00fbnaic was not often used anymore. Westron developed from Ad\u00fbnaic and the native languages of the western coastlands of Middle-earth. \nWestron.\n\"Westron\" (Westron: \"Ad\u00fbni\", Sindarin: \"Ann\u00fanaid\"), or the \"Common Speech\" (Westron: \"S\u00f4val Ph\u00e2r\u00eb\"), is a language of Middle-earth. It comes from Ad\u00fbnaic and the native languages of Middle-earth. \nIn the Third Age, Westron is the common language, spoken by most peoples. In the books, the text written in English is meant to be Westron most of the time.\nRohirric.\n\"Rohirric\" (also called \"Rohirian\" or \"Rohanese\") is the language of the Rohirrim of Rohan. In the books, Rohirric text and names are always represented by Old English. This is because Rohirric should feel older but similar to the hobbit's Westron, and they are in the books represented by Old English and Modern English.\nKhuzd\u00fbl.\n\"Khuzd\u00fbl\" is the language of the Dwarves. The dwarves keep much of their language and what they do a secret. Because of this, only a few place-names and phrases are known from Khuzd\u00fbl. Dwarves have never told other (non-dwarven) people their Khuzd\u00fbl names. Instead, they use other names when talking to the other peoples of Middle-earth. \nThe dwarven \"nicknames\" that appear in the books are all taken from Norse mythology. Besides the spoken language, called \"aglab\", Khuzd\u00fbl had the \"iglishmek\", which was a sign language.\nEntish.\n\"Entish\" is the language of the Ents. The language is, like the Ents themselves, very \"unhasty\": it takes a lot of time to say something. The language uses very long descriptions and many repetitions. Because it is so complicated and takes so much time, nobody but the Ents use or understand this language.\nValarin.\n\"Valarin\" was the language spoken by the Ainur.\nBlack Speech.\n\"Black Speech\" is the language of Sauron. He created the language and his followers used it.\nThe inscription on the One Ring was Black Speech, written in Tengwar. Aside from the Ring-inscription, there are several names and words of Black Speech known."}
+{"id": "99304", "revid": "1042556", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99304", "title": "Lope de Vega", "text": "Lope de Vega (also F\u00e9lix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope F\u00e9lix de Vega Carpio) (25 November 1562 \u2013 27 August 1635) was a Spanish Baroque playwright and poet. His reputation in the world of Spanish letters is second only to that of Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequalled: \nhe is estimated to have written between 1,500 and 2,500 fully-fledged plays \u2013 of which some 425 have survived until the modern day \u2013 together with a plethora of shorter dramatic and poetic works.\nHe was \"The Phoenix of Wits\" and \"Monster of Nature\" by Miguel de Cervantes because he did so much work. Lope de Vega renewed the Spanish theatre when people were becoming interested in it. Along with Calder\u00f3n de la Barca and Tirso de Molina, he improved Spanish theater. He is considered a great dramatist and his plays are often performed. He is also one of the famous Spanish poets and authors.\nLife.\nLope de Vega was born in Madrid to a non-notable family, who came to the capital from Valle de Carriedo in Cantabria recently. F\u00e9lix de Vega, the bread winner of the family, was an embroiderer."}
+{"id": "99305", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99305", "title": "Pedro Calder\u00f2n de la Barca", "text": "Pedro Calder\u00f3n de la Barca y Henao (17 January 1600 \u2013 25 May 1681), was a dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age.\nCalder\u00f3n was born in Madrid. His mother, who was of Flemish descent, died in 1610; his father, who was secretary to the treasury, died in 1615. Calder\u00f3n was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid, the Colegio Imperial, with a view to taking orders; but instead, he studied law at Salamanca."}
+{"id": "99306", "revid": "15901", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99306", "title": "Chemical vapor disposition", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99307", "revid": "1641577", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99307", "title": "Chemical vapor deposition", "text": "Chemical vapor deposition is a method of putting a thin layer of materials on to a surface using very low heat. It is specially useful for coating thin glass with metal without damaging the glass, using such a thin layer of metal that the glass can be seen through. This technology was invented by the Head of the Chemistry Department of Harvard University, Professor Roy Gordon, in the 1970s and perfected by his team during the 1980s. Chemical vapor deposition has a vast range of uses. Hip replacement joints are coated using chemical vapor deposition to make them lighter, stronger, and longer lasting. TFT displays (flat screen televisions and computer monitors) are made using chemical vapor deposition. This technology is also used to prevent double glazing windows and supermarket freezers from steaming up. Chemical vapor deposition can be used to create synthetic diamonds.\nTypes of CVD.\nCVD techniques vary by chemical reaction mechanisms and process conditions.\nClassification by Pressure:\nClassification by Vapor Characteristics:\nPlasma-Enhanced Techniques:\nOthers:"}
+{"id": "99308", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99308", "title": "Quenya", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99309", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99309", "title": "Sindarin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99310", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99310", "title": "Telerin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99311", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99311", "title": "Valarin", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99312", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99312", "title": "Ad\u00fbnaic", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99313", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99313", "title": "Westron", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99314", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99314", "title": "Rohirric", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99316", "revid": "935234", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99316", "title": "States of Sudan", "text": "Below is a list of the 18 states of Sudan (Arabic names are in parentheses). Before 9 July 2011, Sudan had 25 states. The ten southern states now form the independent country of South Sudan. Two more states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18. Transliterations from Arabic to English may vary; in particular, the article \"al\" is sometimes transliterated as \"el\". Numbers correspond to those of the map at right.\nRegional bodies.\nIn addition to the states, there are also regional administrative bodies established by peace agreements between the central government and rebel groups:\nHistory.\nAnglo-Egyptian Sudan had eight \"mudiriyat\", or provinces, which were ambiguous when created but became well defined by the beginning of the Second World War. The eight provinces were: Blue Nile, Darfur, Equatoria, Kassala, Khartoum, Kurdufan, Northern, and Upper Nile. In 1948 Bahr al Ghazal split from Equatoria. \nThere were numerous new provinces created on 1 July 1973. North and South Darfur were created from Darfur, while Kurdufan divided into North and South Kurdufan. Al Jazirah and White Nile were split off from Blue Nile. River Nile split off from Northern. Red Sea was split off from Kassala.\nA further fracturing of provinces occurred in 1976. Lakes split from Bahr al Ghazal, and Jonglei split off from Upper Nile. Equatoria divided into East and West Equatoria. There were thus eighteen provinces. In 1991, the government reorganized the administrative regions into nine federal states, matching the nine provinces that had existed from 1948 to 1973. On 14 February 1994, the government reorganized yet again, creating twenty-six \"wilayat\" (states). The majority of the wilayat were either the old provinces or administrative subregions of a province. As part of the new government structure in South Sudan in 2005, Bahr al Jabal was renamed Central Equatoria. In 2006, West Kurdufan was split and merged with North Kurdufan and South Kurdufan.\nIn 2011, the ten southern states became the independent Republic of South Sudan."}
+{"id": "99317", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99317", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99318", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99318", "title": "WrestleMania XXIV", "text": "WrestleMania XXIV was the twenty-fourth yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on March 30, 2008 at the Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. It was the first WrestleMania to be held in the state of Florida, and the second WrestleMania to be held outdoors the whole time, the other being WrestleMania IX. The official theme songs were \"Light It Up\" by Rev Theory and \"Snow ((Hey Oh))\" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. The tagline was \"\"The Biggest WrestleMania Under the Sun\".\"\nTickets went on sale to the public on November 3, 2007. For the second year in a row, WrestleMania broke the record for the highest-grossing pay-per-view in WWE history and for the Citrus Bowl, grossing in $5.85 million in ticket sales. The record-breaking Citrus Bowl attendance record of 74,635 consisting of people from twenty-one countries, all fifty states, and five Canadian provinces, pumped an estimated $30 million into the local economy. The Central Florida Sports Commission thought that the event created many jobs, and brought around 60,000 visitors to the city for the event. WWE and the city of Orlando hosted festivities that spanned a five-day period within the central Florida area, bringing many branding opportunities and television coverage, leading up to the event at the Citrus Bowl.\nThe event was a joint-promotion pay-per-view, having performers from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. The main match on the Raw brand was a Triple Threat match for the WWE Championship between Randy Orton, Triple H, and John Cena, which Orton won by pinning Cena. The main event and featured match on the SmackDown brand was Edge versus The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship, which Undertaker won by forcing Edge to submit with the Gogoplata. The main match on the ECW brand was Chavo Guerrero against Kane for the ECW Championship, which Kane won by pinfall after performing a chokeslam. Main matches on the undercard included Floyd Mayweather, Jr. versus The Big Show in a No Disqualification match,<ref name=\"Mayweather/Show\"></ref> an interpromotional Money in the Bank ladder match, and Ric Flair versus Shawn Michaels.\nReport.\nBackground.\nThe main feud heading into WrestleMania on the Raw brand was between Randy Orton, John Cena, and Triple H, with the three feuding over the WWE Championship. At the Royal Rumble in January, John Cena won the Royal Rumble match by last eliminating Triple H to become the number one contender to the WWE Championship at WrestleMania XXIV. Instead of challenging Randy Orton for the title at WrestleMania, he wanted to challenge him at No Way Out, the next pay-per-view. At No Way Out, Orton got himself intentionally disqualified by slapping the referee, thus keeping the WWE Championship. Also at No Way Out, Triple H became the new number one contender to the WWE Championship at WrestleMania by winning against five other men in an Elimination Chamber match. The night after on \"Raw\", after Cena argued that he should have another WWE Championship match, Raw General Manager William Regal said that Cena would face Orton later in the night with the stipulation being if Cena won, he would be added to the WrestleMania match between Triple H and Orton, making it a Triple Threat match. If Orton won, however, the main event would stay as Orton versus Triple H. Cena won the match, pinning Orton after executing an FU. After the match, Triple H, who was the Special Guest referee, executed a Pedigree to both Cena and Orton.\nThe common feud on the SmackDown brand was between Edge and The Undertaker, with the two battling over the World Heavyweight Championship. On the February 29 version of \"SmackDown\", Assistant General Manager Theodore Long said that at No Way Out, an Elimination Chamber match would be held to find out who was the number one contender to the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania. Undertaker won the match, last eliminating Batista after executing a Tombstone piledriver.\nAt No Way Out, The Big Show made a surprise return to the company. In his return promo, Big Show threatened to give Rey Mysterio a Chokeslam. Professional boxer Floyd Mayweather, Jr., who was in attendance and a close friend of Mysterio's, came to his aid and confronted Big Show. Big Show then got on his knees to allow Mayweather to punch him, which Mayweather did, by hitting him with many different punches, which caused Big Show to bleed from the nose and mouth. The next night on \"Raw\", the Big Show challenged Mayweather to a match, which Mayweather accepted.\nOn the February 25, 2008 edition of \"Raw\", 2008 WWE Hall of Fame Inductee Ric Flair challenged Shawn Michaels to a match at WrestleMania, which the latter accepted after some reluctance, knowing that Flair's career will be on the line. Flair also said that \"it would be an honor for him to retire at the hands of Shawn Michaels.\"\nAlso, on the February 25, 2008 edition of \"Raw\", the General Manager William Regal was \"sent a letter\" by the SmackDown General Manager Vickie Guerrero, issuing a challenge to him for an interpromotional \"Raw vs. SmackDown\" match at WrestleMania XXIV, with each brand choosing one superstar to represent it. Regal accepted and chose Umaga to represent Raw at WrestleMania XXIV. On the February 29 version of \"SmackDown\", Batista was chosen as the SmackDown representative by Vickie Guerrero against Umaga at WrestleMania XXIV.\nOn February 18, 2008 WWE said using its website that the fourth annual Money in the Bank ladder match would take place at WrestleMania XXIV, with superstars competing from Raw, SmackDown and ECW. The winner will get a contract to challenge for any of the three WWE World Championships (the WWE Championship of Raw, the World Heavyweight Championship of SmackDown, or the ECW Championship) at any time and any place over a one-year period. Qualifying matches were done to find out who were the participants in the match. Jeff Hardy was at first supposed to be a part of the Money in the Bank ladder match, but was excluded from the event due to his suspension. WWE decided not to fill his spot with another superstar, making this year's Money in the Bank ladder match the first year to only have 7 participants.\nOn the March 11, 2008 version of \"ECW\", ECW General Manager Armando Estrada announced a twenty-four-man battle royal at WrestleMania XXIV with the winner going on to face ECW Champion Chavo Guerrero for the ECW Championship following the battle royal. The first announced participant was The Great Khali. WrestleMania XXIV marks the first WrestleMania in which the ECW Championship will be defended. Big Daddy V was at first scheduled to take part in this match, but was removed for unknown reasons. Stevie Richards would also replace Matt Striker, for unknown reasons as well.\nEvent.\nBefore the show was first shown live on pay-per-view, Kane won a 24-man Interpromotional Battle Royal to win an ECW Championship match against Chavo Guerrero later that night. The event officially began with John Legend singing a rendition of \"\"America the Beautiful\".\" The first match that was shown live on pay-per-view was a Belfast Brawl between Finlay and John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield. Finlay was accompanied to the ring by his returning \"son\" Hornswoggle, who was injured at the hands of JBL a few weeks ago on \"Raw\".\n The match had many spots, which included JBL hitting Finlay with a trash can lid when the latter was about to perform a suicide dive on him through the ropes on the outside. Later on, Finlay tossed JBL through the table that he had set up earlier on the turnbuckle. Hornswoggle would also get involved during the match, hitting JBL's with a kendo stick while later on he would get attacked by JBL with a trash can thrown at him. Attacking Finlay's knee with a kendo stick, JBL then quickly hit a Clothesline from Hell to score a successful pinfall.\nThe next match of the evening was the fourth-yearly Money in the Bank ladder match, featuring Chris Jericho, Mr. Kennedy and Carlito from the Raw brand; CM Punk, Shelton Benjamin and John Morrison from the ECW brand; and Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) from the SmackDown brand. The match featured many dangerous spots. Early in the match, Morrison climbed a turnbuckle and performed a moonsault on others outside while holding a ladder against his chest. Then, at one point, when Mr. Kennedy and Morrison were battling on top of a ladder, Benjamin climbed another ladder placed adjacent to the first one, and performed a flip powerbomb on Kennedy, who in turn superplexed Morrison from the top of the ladder. After sometime, Kennedy delivered his Green Bay Plunge to Punk onto a ladder. Later, Carlito and Kennedy flipped Benjamin off a ladder, sending him crashing through another ladder set-up between the barricade and the ring apron. Jericho also performed his Walls of Jericho on Morrison on top of a ladder. Kennedy delivered his Mic Check to Punk off a ladder. Quickly afterwards, Carlito hit the Backstabber to Jericho from a ladder. When MVP was close of finding the contract briefcase, Matt Hardy returned to action through the crowd, entered the ring and delivered the Twist of Fate to MVP off the ladder. As soon as Morrison started to climb a ladder, see-sawing with another ladder, Jericho flipped the other one and Morrison landed on the ring-ropes groin-first. In the end, Jericho and Punk fought each other on a ladder, but Punk trapped Jericho's one leg in the ladder's steps and himself retrieved the contract briefcase to win the match.\nThe next match which was billed as a \"Battle for Brand Supremacy\", was between SmackDown's Batista and Raw's Umaga. Early in the match, both Batista and Umaga exchanged blows and Batista threw Umaga outside with a shoulder block. Umaga later delivered a high-impact kick to Batista, which caused him to fall back-first outside the ring from the ring-apron. Hence, Umaga started targeting Batista's injured back. But in the end, when Umaga tried to go for a Samoan Spike, Batista countered the attempt and delivered a spinebuster to Umaga. Batista won the match by pinning Umaga after hitting him with his Batista Bomb. The fourth match for the event featured Chavo Guerrero defending his ECW Championship against Kane. Kane surprised Chavo by emerging from underneath the ring instead of from the entrance stage. In the second shortest match in WrestleMania history, Kane instantly pinned Chavo after a Chokeslam and won the ECW Championship in eight seconds.\nRic Flair put his career on the line next against Shawn Michaels. At the start of the match, both superstars engaged in a series of counters, and then Flair shoved Michaels in a corner, making \"Old Yeller\" comments to him. In retaliation, Michaels slapped Flair in the face, which caused him to start bleeding from the mouth. Later, Flair performed a crossbody onto Michaels from the top rope for a two count. Then, in a very dangerous spot, when Flair was on the outside, Michaels performed an Asai moonsault onto Flair, but missed and landed hard on the Raw announcers' table rib-first. With Flair later on outside the ring again, Michaels successfully attempted another moonsault from the top-rope onto Flair. Back in the ring, Michaels tried to go for his Sweet Chin Music, but stopped in the process and Flair capitalized by trapping him in his figure four leglock. Afterwards, Michaels finally delivered a Sweet Chin Music to Flair, but the latter kicked out to the pinfall attempt. Michaels then, trapped Flair in his modified figure four leglock, but Flair delivered a thumb to the eye to Michaels to break the submission. As Flair was delivering chops to Michaels, the latter hit a second Sweet Chin Music. After getting up on his feet with a worried face, Michaels said to Flair \"I'm sorry, I love you\", before nailing a final Sweet Chin Music and thus pinning Flair to end his 36-year long wrestling career. After the match, Michaels left quickly and Flair got a standing ovation from the crowd. An emotional Flair embraced his family at ringside and then, as he proceeded to go backstage, thanked the crowd for their support.\nThe sixth match was the Playboy BunnyMania Lumberjack match, in which Maria and Ashley faced Beth Phoenix and Melina, who were accompanied to the ring by Santino Marella. Snoop Dogg served as the official \"Master of Ceremonies\" for this match. Due to some technical difficulties, the lights at Citrus Bowl temporarily went out during the match. Near the end, a pin attempt by Maria was prevented when Santino pulled Maria's leg. In response, Raw commentator Jerry Lawler approached and knocked Marella down with a punch. With a Fisherman suplex, Phoenix pinned Maria to win the match. After the match, Snoop Dogg clotheslined Marella in the ring and kissed Maria, before leaving with her and Ashley.\nRandy Orton defended his WWE Championship against Triple H and John Cena in a Triple Threat match next. For his entrance, Cena had a marching band perform an instrumental version of his theme song \"The Time Is Now\" live. During the match, when Triple H had held Orton in a sleeper hold, Cena picked up both Orton and Triple H for an FU, but Triple H dropped down and low blowed him. Orton dominated the match for some time. One hightlight of the match featured Orton performing a crossbody from the top rope on Cena, while the latter was held on Triple H's shoulders in an electric chair position. Also, Orton delivered a double elevated DDT from the second rope to both Cena and Triple H simultaneously. Orton then tried to RKO Cena, but he countered and threw Orton onto Triple H. Then, Triple H started targeting Orton's legs and using some submissions on him. The match's finish came when Triple H countered Cena's FU into a Pedigree, but when he covered Cena, Orton punted on Triple H's head and himself pinned Cena to retain his WWE Championship.\nThe next match was the No Disqualification match between The Big Show and Floyd Mayweather, Jr.. Early in the match, Mayweather repeatedly escaped Big Show's grasp and delivered body shots to him. Soon, Mayweather put a sleeper hold on Big Show, but the latter escaped out of it before passing out and stomped on Mayweather's hand. Mayweather and his accomplices tried to \"walk out\" of the match, but Big Show walked up the ramp and brought Mayweather back in the ring. As Big Show was about to chokeslam Mayweather, one of Mayweather's accomplices struck a steel chair on Big Show's back, and the latter chokeslammed him in retaliation. Capitalizing from this distraction, Mayweather grabbed that chair and hit Big Show multiple times on the head with it. Finally, Mayweather removed his right glove and put on a pair of brass knuckles to hit Big Show in the face. Thus, Big Show was knocked out as he could not answer the referee's ten count and Mayweather was declared the winner.\nThe main event and last match of the night was Edge putting his World Heavyweight Championship on the line against the number one contender The Undertaker.\nProduction.\nAs the second WrestleMania to be held outdoors the whole time, WWE chairman Vince McMahon early on said that the show will go on, no matter what the weather is. In the March 2008 issue of WWE Magazine, WWE set designer Jason Robinson revealed that a steel rig with a tarpaulin roof would be built above the ring itself to prevent rain. In that same issue, an initial design of the ring setup was revealed showing a bigger rig surrounding the tarpaulin rig, with lighting and two giant screens attached. The bigger rig was dropped from the final design with the lighting and video screens now featuring on the tarpaulin rig as well as the sound system. During an interview, WWE production manager Brian Petree mentioned that video reinforcement should prevent anyone from being obstructed by the steel structure. Up to seven generators were used to power up the show.\nThe set design for the entrance stage was at the north end of the stadium and consisted of another steel structure with various video screens hanging from it. The steel beams for the structure were custom built in Belgium and shipped over to Orlando. According to WWE Magazine, the amount of pyrotechnics used would be ten times that of the amount used on \"Raw\". Without the restriction of a roof, the pyrotechnics for the show shot as high as 2,000 ft as compared to WrestleMania 23's height of 150\u00a0ft. The fireworks were set off from boats on one of the lakes nearby the stadium. WWE has been said to have spent an estimated $300,000 on the fireworks alone. After the show, WWE was criticized for a malfunction in the pyrotechnics during The Undertaker's victory celebration. During the celebration, a hot cable for pyrotechnics was sent flying into audience members in the upper seating bowl of the stadium, leaving 45 injured with some hospitalized. The accident was apparently due to a cable which fireworks were travelling across snapping, thus resulting in the fireworks exploding into the top rows of the upper bowl of the stadium. WWE's corporate website released a statement afterwards stating that they will investigate the incident.\nWith the Citrus Bowl's locker rooms on the south side and the entrance set on the north side, a tented 40,000 ft\u00b2 mini-city outside the north end served as the show's backstage area and included air conditioning, trailers, VIP areas, showers and restrooms. As a consequence, the road next to the north end zone, W. Church Street, was closed down until a day after the event. Numerous other roads were also closed to allow trucks and fork lifts to move in mega equipment for the event. The ring itself was built on the 50-yard line of the Citrus Bowl to give the best view for fans. Heavy-duty plastic flooring had been put over the field, to protect the turf, provide seating and serve as the steel structures' foundation.\nDevelopment on the set design began in the middle of 2007. The building of the actual set began in the middle of March. 100 people worked 16\u00a0hours a day to construct the set for the event. The construction finished on March 29.\nWrestleMania XXIV was the first WrestleMania event to be filmed in high-definition. It will also be the first WWE show to be released on the Blu-ray Disc format by WWE Home Video."}
+{"id": "99322", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99322", "title": "Pygmies", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99323", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99323", "title": "Toon Town", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99324", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99324", "title": "Gameshark", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99328", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99328", "title": "Entish", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99329", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99329", "title": "Khuzd\u00fbl", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99331", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99331", "title": "Nazim", "text": "A Nazim is a person who is responsible for administration of cities, districts and the Union Councils of Pakistan. The job of a Nazim is similar to that of a mayor."}
+{"id": "99332", "revid": "124208", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99332", "title": "NWFP", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99333", "revid": "10127", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99333", "title": "First world war", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99335", "revid": "1174418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99335", "title": "Dogon people", "text": "The Dogon are a group of people who live in Mali in West Africa. They live south of the River Niger near the city of Bandiagara. They are famous for their types of stories, dancing, buildings and art. They make wooden statues.\nThey are well known for their mythology and metalworking"}
+{"id": "99336", "revid": "10127", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99336", "title": "River Niger", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99337", "revid": "1174418", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99337", "title": "Ipswich", "text": "Ipswich is a large town in the East Anglian county of Suffolk England. It is the county town of Suffolk. It is near the estuary of the River Orwell. 117,069 people live there. In the Tudor period Ipswich was famous for the Wool Trade and there are still a lot of Tudor buildings which survive to this day. Thomas Wolsey, who was a famous adviser to Henry VIII was born in Ipswich. In modern times Ipswich became infamous as in 2006 a serial killer murdered five sex workers over a short space of time.\nThe town is home to Ipswich Town F.C., an association football team. They play in the town at a stadium called Portman Road.\nIpswich is one of the oldest towns in England."}
+{"id": "99338", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99338", "title": "Provinces of Pakistan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99339", "revid": "114482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99339", "title": "Clinical depression", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99340", "revid": "1306489", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99340", "title": "Self-esteem", "text": "Self-esteem is the way people think about themselves and how worthwhile they feel. Psychologists use the word self-esteem to describe whether someone likes themselves or not. Someone with high self-esteem might think that they are good at things, worthwhile, and may be confident in the things that they do. Someone with low self-esteem might think that they are bad at things and/or worthless. Different psychologists have different ways of measuring self-esteem, and many people do not agree on what it means. Some people may think that self-esteem is linked to anxiety, depression, eating disorders and bullying. Some people may also injure themselves if they suffer from a low self-esteem.\nSelf-esteem also considered by the international law on human rights, such as Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Yogyakarta Principles, affirm that each person's self-esteem must be protected against any kind of abuse or violence out of social prejudices and discriminations.\nThe World Health Organization also thinks building strong self-esteem is important to prevent the suicide of students as well as prevent bullying by tolerance."}
+{"id": "99348", "revid": "13028", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99348", "title": "J.P. Morgan", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99351", "revid": "9777208", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99351", "title": "Freetown Christiania", "text": "Freetown Christiania, commonly just called Christiania, is a Danish special community. The village is partially self-governing with 850 inhabitants, and has an area of 85 acres near the capital of Denmark, Copenhagen. The Freetown has often been in the centre of controversies since its creation in an empty military area in 1971. In the Freetown, cannabis was legal until 2004. Inhabitants of Christiania are called \"Christianites\". Christiania has become home to several businesses such as carpenters, blacksmiths, a bike shop, as well as several cafes, restaurants, jazz, blues and night clubs.\nArea protection.\nIn 2007, the National Heritage Agency proposed protection status for some of military buildings, now in Christiania. These are:\nThe birth of Christiania.\nAfter the military had left, the area was only guarded by a few watchmen and occasionally homeless people went in the area for sleep or for living there. On 4 September, 1971, residents of the area broke down a wall for making a place where their children could play. On 26 September, 1971, Christiania was opened to people by Jacob Ludvigsen, a well-known provo and journalist who published a magazine called \"Hovedbladet\" ('The main paper'). In the paper, Ludvigsen wrote an article in which he and five others went on exploration into what he called 'The Forbidden City of the Military'. The spirit of Christiania quickly developed into one of the hippie movement, the squatter movement, collectivism and anarchism, in contrast to the site's previous military use.\nThe Community.\nMeditation and yoga have always been popular activities for the Christianites, and for many years Christiania had their own internationally acclaimed theater group Solvognen, who, beyond their theater performances, also staged many happenings in Copenhagen and even throughout Sweden. Ludvigsen had always talked about drugs, hard drugs (now are illegal in Christiania) and soft drugs. The \"problem\" of drugs made Christiania really famous, and the most know part of the Freetown.\nThe neighbourhood of the Freetown is accessible through many entrances and cars are not allowed. Danish authorities have repeatedly removed the large stones blocking the main entrance claiming they need access to the area for fire trucks and ambulances in the event of a fire or medical emergency, yet the residents respond by placing them back each time as they feel attacks by the authorities. The people in Christiania have developed many laws without the Danish government. The rules forbid stealing, violence, guns, knives, bulletproof and hard drugs. A famous street in the Freetown is known as \"Pusher Street\", where hash and Skunk weed were sold openly from permanent stands until 2004, it nevertheless does have rules forbidding hard drugs, such as cocaine, speed, ecstasy and heroin. The commerce is not really clean, but since the rules require a consensus they cannot be removed unless everybody agrees. The Since 1994, residents have paid taxes and fees for water, electricity, trash disposal, etc. The future of the area remains in doubt. In the street photos are forbidden.\nImportant pieces of the Freetown's History.\n2005 shooting and murder.\nOn April 24, 2005, a 26-year-old Christiania resident was killed and three other residents injured in a violent gang assassination on Pusher Street. The reason for this was a fight between few Christianites and people from the hash market of Copenhagen.\nRiots after demolition of house.\nOn May 14, 2007 workers from the governmental Forest and Nature Agency with help from the police, entered Christiania to destroy the abandoned building of \"Cigarkassen\" ('the cigar box'). They were met by angry and scared Christianites who feared that the police were going to demolish other houses too. Road blocks were built and the trucks were sabotaged so that they could not move. After the police then entered the Freetown and Christianites attacked the policemen with fireworks and stones, and built barricades in the street outside Christiania gate. The police used tear gas on the people. The police later had to retreat from Christiania. The riot continued over night. At the entrances the Christianites bombarded the police with stones and Molotov cocktails forcing them to retreat. More than 50 Christiania activists and rioters from outside were arrested.\nGay house.\nSince the 1970s the Gay House (B\u00f8ssehuset), one of Christiania's autonomous institutions, had been a centre for gay activism, parties and theatre. The house was very famous in Denmark for humorist and artistic variety shows, and became a meeting point for all homosexuals in Copenhagen. During the 1980s and 1990s the original pioneers aging and some deceased, the house was left with little activity which was not revived until the early 2000s, when a group of young gay performers and activists, Dunst, were invited to take over the house so it could remain a centre for gay creativity. However, after 9 months they were asked to leave Christiania again. Primarily due to noise complaints. According to Dunst, neighbors would never readily accept them and the newcomers were accused of not understanding \"the Christiania lifestyle\" despite Dunst claim that they introduced a democratic management form and established open workshops for photography, art, music, dance, video. In 2004 Dunst participated in 'Christiania Distortion' (an event supported by Christiania) in a bus circling around the Freetown.\nA biker gang in the Freetown.\nAround 1984 a biker gang had arrived in Christiania and conquered a part of the hash market. Violence on the premises increased at this period and many Christianites felt unsafe and unhappy with the new residents. This resulted in sabotage acts directed towards the bikers as well as the publication of several provocative manuscripts urging the Christianites to throw out the powerful and armed bikers. This tension culminated when the police found a murdered individual who had been sliced to pieces and buried beneath the floor of a building. Christiania reacted with two colossal community meetings\u2014one outside the building\u2014where it was agreed that the bikers had to leave. They did, and have never returned.\nCars in the Freetown.\nIn Christiania cars are prohibited. However, 132 cars are owned by residents and need to be parked on the streets near the Freetown. In 2005, a parking space for only 14 cars outside the Freetown was created. In 2001 a few residents in one of Christiania's sections proposed to construct a parking lot for their cars which was rejected by other Christiania residents.\nDrugs.\nSince its opening, Christiania has been famous for its open cannabis trade, taking place in the famous central street called 'Pusher Street' - now Green Zone. Since 2003, however, the 'officially' open hash trade has been ended by authorities. However, cannabis is still sold in the Freetown. Hard drugs, including heroin and cocaine, have been banned from Christiania since 1979 by the community's own rules.\nGovernmental measures.\nIn January 2006, the government proposed that Christiania would be turned into a mixed alternative community and residential area adding condominiums for 400 new residents. Current residents, now paying DKK 1450 (USD 250) per month, would be allowed to remain but need to begin paying normal rent for the facilities. Christiania has rejected this, fearing the Freetown would turn into a normal Copenhagen neighborhood. In particular, the concept of privately owned dwellings is claimed to be incompatible with Christiania's collective ownership.\nArchitectural competition.\nIn order to present a reasonable use of area after an eventual \"cleaning\", the Danish government commissioned an architectural competition. 17 proposals were received, of which only eight have met the formal competition requirements. All of the proposals were rejected by ojudges. The cost of the architectural competition was 850,000 Danish Kroner (113,000 Euro, 145,000 USD)."}
+{"id": "99352", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99352", "title": "Actinoids", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99353", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99353", "title": "Actinides", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99354", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99354", "title": "I'm Not There", "text": "I'm Not There is a Golden Globe Award-winning and Academy Award-nominated 2007 American biographical drama movie that is inspired by the life of musician Bob Dylan. Dylan is played by seven different actors in the movie: Marcus Carl Franklin, Ben Whishaw, Heath Ledger, Christian Bale, Richard Gere, and Cate Blanchett, who play people like Dylan but with different names.\nThe movie won and was nominated for several awards, including eight wins in \"Best Supporting Actress\" categories for Cate Blanchett, and Independent Spirit Award nomination for \"Best Film\"."}
+{"id": "99355", "revid": "1542442", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99355", "title": "Lanthanide", "text": "A lanthanide is one of a group of 15 elements that have atomic numbers 57 to 71. This is also known as the lanthanide series or lanthanoid series. This group starts at lanthanum and it ends at lutetium.\nAll lanthanoids are f-block elements, meaning that electrons fill the 4f electron shell, except for lutetium which is a d-block lanthanoid. The lanthanoid series (Ln) is named after lanthanum.\nLanthanides are metals that are related to each other in how they behave. Most of them slowly turn into their hydroxides when they are placed into water, like the alkali metals. They usually form a coating of oxide when placed in the air, like most metals. Lanthanides, with Scandium and Yttrium, are called rare earth elements.\nAll the lanthanoids are silvery white soft metals and tarnish rapidly in air. The hardness increases with increasing atomic number.\nLanthanides are not abundant, and only small amounts are mined. Some have various uses in magnets, superconductors, chemical catalysts, and optical equipment such as lasers."}
+{"id": "99356", "revid": "287723", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99356", "title": "The New Zealand Story", "text": "The New Zealand Story is a video game released by the Taito Corporation in 1988. This game was released for coin operated machines, home computers and game consoles."}
+{"id": "99357", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99357", "title": "Ungdomshuset", "text": "Ungdomshuset (in English: \"the Youth House\") was the popular name of the building formally named Folkets Hus (\"House of the People\") on Jagtvej 69 in N\u00f8rrebro, Copenhagen. The Ungdomshuset was a meeting point for many anarchists, for the music in the underground scene and leftist groups from 1982 until 2007, when after a long conflict between the municipal government of Copenhagen and the people living there, was smashed. Police started to clear the building early on Thursday, 1 March 2007. Demolition began on 5 March 2007 and was completed two days later. Ever since the eviction in March 2007, former users and supporters have held weekly demonstrations for a new Ungdomshuset, the demonstrations starting from nearby square 'Bl\u00e5g\u00e5rds Plads' every Thursday at 5 p.m. and going to various places in Copenhagen. The starting point has recently been changed to Gammel Torv in response to the demonstraters saying they are getting closer to the politicians concerning a solution for a new Ungdomshus at an old school.In the summer of 2007, an initiative known as G13 wanted to squat an old public waterwork on Gr\u00f8ndalsv\u00e6nge All\u00e9 13 in northwestern Copenhagen to be used as a new Ungdomshuset, the squat was non-violent, but was met with heavy opposition from the police who arrested 436 people and threw large amounts of tear gas\nHistory.\nThe building was completed on 12 November 1897, with the name \"Folkets Hus\" (\"The People's House\"). The house functioned as one of the resorts for the then-incipient labour movement of Copenhagen. Since labour organisations were unpopular in the eyes of the authorities. Years later the place helped poor people and was used for others uses. In 1918 when workers stormed the Danish Stock Exchange (\"B\u00f8rsen\"). In 1910, The Second International held an International Women's conference at the house, during which Clara Zetkin launched the idea of an International Women's Day. Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg visited the centre. During the 1950s it was still primarily used by the different sections, associations and unions of the labour movement. All kinds of different activities took place: for example, boxing matches and end-of-season dances. Several years later Brugsen, a Danish chain of co-operative supermarkets, bought Folkets Hus, for making a cheap supermarket. However, as this was prohibited by authorities for the historic importance of the place, so Brugsen sold the ground to the folk music ensemble Tingluti in 1978. The Tingluti sold the ground to the municipality of Copenhagen after few time.The price at the time was DKK 700,000. In 1982 Folkets Hus was assigned to a group of young people \u2014 the original founders of Ungdomshuset \u2014 however the municipality of Copenhagen still owned the building. It was at this time that the building was given its current name: Ungdomshuset. Nick Cave and Bj\u00f6rk played there. In January 1996 Ungdomshuset was ravaged by a fire. It also had fungus and rot. The municipality of Copenhagen made plans to renovate the building for safety reasons, but encountered resistance from the occupants. In 1999 the building was put on sale to the highest bidder by the municipality, but at the same time occupants opposed to the thing, and for jokingly put over the building a large banner with the message \"For sale along with 500 autonome, stone throwing, violent psychopaths from hell.\". After that a company called Human A/S bought the building in December 2000 (although ownership did not actually change hands until 2001), after which Human A/S was sold to the independent Christian sect \"Faderhuset. However, the squatters refused to leave the house. Until 1 March 2007 the young squatters used the house as if the change of ownership had not happened and the new owners were not allowed inside at any time. The \"Ungdomshuset\" received more than 500 visitors a week.\nDemolition.\nDemolition of Ungdomshuset began at 8:00\u00a0am on 5 March 2007. The demolition was broadcast live by webcam on TV2 News' website. After the demolition of Ungdomshuset many riots began near the area for many days. Many cars were smashed and burned against the police.\nA women's demonstration took place on 8 March, comprising more than 3 000 people. The police carried out systematic identity controls. In total, more than 750 people were arrested during the events (among them, about 140 foreigners). On 16 March, 2007, Danish police admitted to having mistakenly used a potentially lethal form of teargas. The gas, known as Ferret 40, was used against crowds during the riots following the demolition, although it is designed to penetrate doors and walls.\nAccording to professor Lars Dencik, from the University of Roskilde, the Danish state used the opportunity of this evacuation to test its anti-terrorist security forces (as any other opportunity, or real danger, was non-existent)."}
+{"id": "99363", "revid": "1063175", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99363", "title": "Naib", "text": "The word \"naib\" (\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628) is an Arabic word meaning someone who is second in command.\nIt may also mean:"}
+{"id": "99370", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99370", "title": "Bagh Union Council", "text": "Bagh is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It has two high schools GHS Bagh and GHS Kehal.\nLocation.\nIt is in the centre of the district, in the southern part of Abbottabad Tehsil, it is surrounded by the following Union Councils, to the north and east by Dhamtour, to the north by Sarbhana, to the east by Bagnotar, Namli Maira and Nagri Bala - and to the south by Dewal Manal.\nSubdivisions.\nThe Union Council is divided into three areas:\nBagh, Kehial and Jaggian Kohalian."}
+{"id": "99372", "revid": "9278790", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99372", "title": "Tehsil", "text": "A tehsil (also known as a mandal, taluka, taluk) is a unit of government in Pakistan and in the Republic of India - it is similar to a county. It usually consists of a town (possibly more towns) and the villages around the towns. \nIn Pakistan, Tehsils are the second administrative division. They are further subdivided into Union Councils. Many Tehsils are grouped together into a \"district\" (Zillah). In Sindh the name \"taluka\" is generally used instead of tehsil.\nIn India, some states use \"taluk\" or \"taluka\", others use \"tehsil\". The \"TK\" often found in Indian addresses stands for Taluk. "}
+{"id": "99374", "revid": "8745894", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99374", "title": "Paektu Mountain", "text": "Paektu Mountain (also called Baekdu Mountain) or Changbai Mountain is a volcano on the border between North Korea and China. This mountain is 54.5% in North Korean territory, 45.5% in China. The Korean name is Paektu-san or Baekdu-san, which means \"white head mountain\". The Chinese name is Changbai-shan, which means \"snow that piles up on the large mountain\". \nPaektu has a large caldera (crater lake). It is called Heaven Lake. Koreans call it \"Cheon-ji\" lake, Chinese call it \"Tiandi\" lake. It is 2,744 metres above sea level and is the highest mountain of all Korea. The Beijing Olympic torch was lit on Paektu/Changbai Mountain. Heaven Lake is a caldera made by a gigantic volcanic eruption in 969 AD (\u00b1 20 years) which had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7. The 969 eruption, which is called the \"Millennium\" or \"Tianchi\" eruption, was one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the 180 AD \"Hatepe eruption\" of Lake Taupo and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora."}
+{"id": "99381", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99381", "title": "Pakistan Standard Time", "text": "PKT is the time zone used in Pakistan. It is 5 hours ahead of GMT/UTC.\nDaylight Saving Time.\nIn 2002, the government of Pakistan decided to use the Daylight Saving Time system. This meant that every year, clocks would be put forward by one hour on the night between the first Saturday and Sunday of April until 15 October when the clocks were put back. The experiment was not repeated again under the Musharraf Regime.\nThis was reused in 2008 by Raja Parvez Ashraf from 1 June 2008 to 31 October 2008 and again in 2009 from 15 April 2009 to 31 October 2009. The system has not been used since."}
+{"id": "99383", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99383", "title": "Dhamtour", "text": "Dhamtour or Dhamtor(, ) is a small rural suburb of Abbottabad Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is about 6 kilometers from Abbottabad city. It is known as the largest village of Abbottabad area. It is also a Union Council in Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The local language is Hindko, which is the main language of Hazara division. The area are has some rich cultural traditions. Dhamtour village is the gate way to many natural beauty places like Murree, Nathia Gali, Dungagali and Harnoi.\nLocation.\nDhamtour is at 34\u00b07'60N 73\u00b016'0E at a height of 1110 metres (3645\u00a0feet). It is to the west of Abbottabad city, and borders Sheikh-ul-Bandi to the north and Nagri Bala to the south.\nHistory.\nDhamtour is an old settlement and there used to be regular cattle and vegetable markets here before British rule.\nTribes.\nMost of the people in this area are from the Jadoon tribe. Other tribes include Mughals, Gujjars ,Kashmiri, Syeds, and Awans.\nSubdivisions.\nThe Union Council of Dhamtour is divided into the following areas: Banda Bazdar, Bandi Shoalian, Dhamtour, Guldhok, Jaswal, Nagaki, and Ukhreela."}
+{"id": "99387", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99387", "title": "George Town", "text": "Georgetown or George Town may refer to:"}
+{"id": "99409", "revid": "183741", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99409", "title": "Chechen", "text": "Chechen might mean:"}
+{"id": "99415", "revid": "10310452", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99415", "title": "Balochistan", "text": "Baluchistan () may refer to:"}
+{"id": "99417", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99417", "title": "Optical drive", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99418", "revid": "1260226", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99418", "title": "Kate Beckinsale", "text": "Kathrin Romany Beckinsale (born 26 July 1973) is an English actress. She starred in the movies such as \"Underworld\" (2003), \"Van Helsing\" (2004), and Click (2006).\nEarly life.\nKathrin Romany Beckinsale was born in Chiswick, London, England. She is the only child of actor Richard Beckinsale and actress Judy Loe. Her father was of one-quarter Burmese ancestry.\nShe made her first television appearance at the age of four, in an episode of \"This is Your Life\" dedicated to her father. When she was five years old, her 31-year-old father died suddenly of a heart attack. Beckinsale was deeply traumatised by the loss and \"started expecting bad things to happen\". While she has seen her father \"more on television than I have in life\", \"there are certainly enough memories for me not to feel that it's somebody I didn't know.\"\nHer widowed mother moved in with director Roy Battersby when Beckinsale was nine and she was brought up alongside his four sons and daughter. She has a close relationship with her stepfather: \"I couldn't have knitted a better one ... He wasn't pushy, he let me come to him.\" She has a paternal half-sister, actress Samantha Beckinsale."}
+{"id": "99419", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99419", "title": "Printed circuit board", "text": "A printed circuit board (PCB) is a board made for connecting electronic components together. These are used in almost all computers and electronics today. \nThe \"card\" is made of a material that does not conduct electricity, usually fiberglass. Usually copper is etched (set in thin lines) inside the board between the layers of fiberglass, or on the surface of the board. This makes the electricity go only where it is wanted.\nElectronic components are then attached to this board using a metal to conduct electricity. The metal etched into the board allows electricity to travel from one component to another in electrical circuits. \nBoards can have many different parts which are connected and work together. The most common circuit boards are made in large numbers for a specific job, for example to run a computer, a mobile/cell phone or a television. Some circuit boards are made plain so a person can build their own for a new electrical task. Most things that use electricity have at least one circuit board inside of them that makes them run.\nFlexible circuit boards are those that are made thin enough and of the right material to flex (bend). Rigid-flex boards are those that combine the features of the rigid boards and flex boards, hard at some points and bendable at some other points.\nIntroduction.\nPrinted circuit boards came from electrical connection systems that were used in the 1850s. Originally metal strips or rods were used to connect large electric components mounted on wooden bases. Later, the metal strips were replaced by wires connected to screw terminals, and wooden bases were replaced by metal frames. This let things be smaller, which was needed as circuits became more complex with more parts. Thomas Edison tested methods of using metals on linen paper. Arthur Berry in 1913 patented a print-and-etch method in Britain. In 1925, Charles Ducas of the United States developed a method using electroplating. He created an electrical path directly on an insulated surface by printing through a stencil (a shape cut into a board or paper) with special ink that could conduct electricity, just like wires could. This method was called \"printed wiring\" or \"printed circuit.\"\nIn 1943, the Austrian Paul Eisler, working in the United Kingdom, patented a method of etching the conductive pattern, or circuits, on a layer of copper foil attached to a hard base that did not conduct electricity. Eisler's technique was noticed by the US military and they started to use it in new weapons including proximity fuzes in World War II. His idea became very useful in the 1950s when the transistor was introduced. Up to that point, vacuum tubes and other components were so large that the traditional mounting and wiring methods were all that was needed. With the introduction of transistors, however, the components became very small, and manufacturers needed to use printed circuit boards so the connections could also be small.\nPlated through-hole technology and its use in multi-layer PCBs were patented by the U.S. firm Hazeltine in 1961. This allowed much more complex boards, with components placed closely together. Integrated circuit chips were introduced in the 1970s, and these components were quickly incorporated into printed circuit board design and manufacturing techniques. Today the Printed Circuit Board can have up to100 layers in some applications.\nSurface-mount technology was developed in the 1960s and became widely used in the late 1990s.\nDesign.\nThe main task in designing a PCB is figuring out where all the components are going to go. Normally there is a design or schematic that will be turned into a PCB. There is no such thing as a standard printed circuit board. Each board is designed for its own use and must be the right size to fit the required space. Board designers use computer-aided design software to layout the circuit designs on the board. The spaces between electrical paths can be 0.04 inches (1.0 mm) or smaller. The location of the holes for component leads or contact points are also laid out. Once the circuit pattern is laid out, a negative image is printed out at exact size on a clear plastic sheet. With a negative image, the areas that are not part of the circuit pattern are shown in black and the circuit pattern is shown as clear. The metal is then removed from the clear areas, usually with chemicals. This design is made into instructions for a computer-controlled drilling machine or for the automatic solder paste used in the manufacturing process.\nManufacturing.\nThe card is made with outer layers of copper. Unwanted copper is removed, leaving copper wires that will connect the electronic components. The components are placed on the board, making contact with the wires. \nPhotoresist.\nCircuit boards are sometimes made with photolithography. A covering called photoresist reacts with light, and then the circuit board and covering are put in a developer. This method is expensive per board, but very cheap to set up in the beginning. \nSilkscreen.\nThere are, however, different methods of making a circuit board. Some professionally made circuit boards use a different method to remove extra copper from the circuit board. A process called silk screen printing is used. Silk-screening is when a cloth is pulled tight over a frame. Then an image is printed onto the cloth. Then ink is pressed through the cloth. The ink does not go where the image has been printed on the cloth. It is called silk-screening because the cloth is usually silk. The cloth is usually silk because it has very small holes. silk-screening is used to print an ink called resist onto the board. Resist is an ink that resists the etchant used to make the circuit board. Etchant dissolves the copper on the board. This is cheaper for each board than photo-resist, but is more expensive in the beginning.\nMilling.\nAnother way to make a circuit board is to use a mill. A mill is a drill that moves in many directions. The drill removes a small amount of copper each time it moves across the board. The mill removes the copper around the wires on the board. This leaves extra copper on the board. Other methods do not leave the extra copper on the board. This method is cheaper per board, but the equipment to make it is expensive. This method is not used often, because the other two methods are easier."}
+{"id": "99426", "revid": "1674917", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99426", "title": "Pantera", "text": "Pantera () is an American heavy metal band formed in 1981. They are based out of Arlington, Texas. Their best-known lineup consisted of the Abbott brothers (guitarist Dimebag Darrell and drummer Vinnie Paul) along with Rex Brown and Phil Anselmo, who joined in 1982 and 1986, respectively. The band is well known for pioneering the subgenre of groove metal in the 1990s. Seen as one of the most successful and influential bands in metal history, Pantera has sold around 20 million records worldwide. They've also received four Grammy nominations.\nInitially a glam metal band, Pantera's debut album, \"Metal Magic\", released in 1983. Their next two albums, \"Projects in the Jungle\", and \"I Am the Night\" are still glam metal, but with elements of traditional metal and speed metal. Terry Glaze left the band in 1986 and was replaced by Phil Anselmo on vocals. Power Metal was released in 1988 and is seen as the last album of the band's glam era. Musically, it's more in-line with heavy/speed metal, with elements of thrash. \nThe band secured a record deal with major label Atco the following year. Their fifth album and major label debut \"Cowboys from Hell\" released on July 24, 1990. It's seen as popularizing the subgenre of groove metal. This was followed by 1992's \"Vulgar Display of Power\". It was even heavier and more popular. Four singles were released from the album. This includes the band's most popular song \"Walk\". Their seventh album \"Far Beyond Driven\" (1994) debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200.\nTensions began to surface among the band members and Anselmo. He got addicted to heroin as a result of his back pain. He almost died from an overdose in July of 1996. As a result of this, he recorded his vocals for \"The Great Southern Trendkill\" (1996) separately. Ongoing tensions lasted for another seven years, during which only one studio album, \"Reinventing the Steel\" (2000), was recorded. Pantera went on hiatus in 2001 and ultimately broke up in 2003. The Abbott brothers went on to form Damageplan while Anselmo continued to work on several side projects, including Down, which Brown joined as well.\nOn December 8, 2004, Dimebag Darrell was shot and killed on stage by a mentally unstable fan at a Damageplan concert in Columbus, Ohio. Vinnie Paul went on to form Hellyeah after his brother's death, and died of heart failure in 2018. Brown and Anselmo are the only surviving members of the band's best-known lineup. In July 2022, it was announced that Brown and Anselmo were reuniting in 2023 for Pantera's first tour in 22 years. Zakk Wylde and Charlie Benante filled in for the Abbott brothers on guitar and drums, respectively. The new line-up's first show was at the Hell and Heaven festival in Mexico on December 2, 2022."}
+{"id": "99434", "revid": "10503673", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99434", "title": "Pan's Labyrinth", "text": "Pan's Labyrinth (, literally: \"The Labyrinth Of The Faun\") is an Academy Award-winning Spanish historical dark fantasy movie written and directed by Mexican movie-maker Guillermo del Toro.\n\"Pan's Labyrinth\" takes place in two places, known as a dual setting: in the \"real world\" the story is set in Spain during 1944, and tells a story of a girl named Ofelia who is given three tasks by a mysterious faun. Meanwhile, her stepfather, the Falangist Captain Vidal, hunts the Spanish Maquis, guerrillas who continued fighting the Franco regime in the region, as her pregnant mother grows ill. The alternate setting is a secret \"fantasy world\" that Ofelia enters through an overgrown labyrinth garden, where she meets all manner of strange and magical creatures who become central to her story. The movie uses make-up, puppetry, and CGI effects to create its creatures.\nThe director of this movie, Del Toro said that he thinks the story to be a fable, influenced by fairy tales, and that it focuses on and continues themes related to his earlier movie \"The Devil's Backbone\", a spiritual sequel, though not an actual sequel. The original Spanish title refers to the mythological fauns of Roman mythology, while the English title refers specifically to the faun-like Greek god Pan (intended to help English-speakers differentiate the title from the term fawn). However, Del Toro has stated that the faun in the movie is not Pan.\nThe movie was first shown at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. It was released in the United Kingdom on November 24, 2006. In the United States and Canada, the movie was given a limited release on December 29, 2006, with a nationwide release on January 19, 2007. \"Pan's Labyrinth\" has won numerous international awards, including three Academy Awards, the Ariel Award for Best Picture, and the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form."}
+{"id": "99439", "revid": "656019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99439", "title": "List of rivers of Iowa", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in Iowa, by letter:"}
+{"id": "99440", "revid": "10458266", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99440", "title": "Transubstantiation", "text": "Transubstantiation is a teaching, and Catholic doctrine which says that, after a priest consecrates them, the bread and wine at a Catholic Mass become the body and blood of Jesus. Christians believe Jesus is the son of God. \nAccording to this teaching the appearance, smell, and taste of bread and wine do not change. However, the substances of bread and wine have actually changed into the body and blood of Jesus. \nTransubstantiation is also taught by some other Christian churches.\nBeliefs about transubstantiation.\nChristians who believe in transubstantiation believe that the bread they eat at Mass is the body of Jesus. They know that the bread still tastes like bread, looks like bread and smells like bread. It is just like bread, but it becomes the body of Jesus. The priest says prayers at Mass so that the bread and wine become the flesh and blood of Jesus.\nThis started when Jesus ate a meal called the Last Supper the night before he died. He said that the food his friends were eating was his body and blood. In the Gospel of Matthew 26:26-27, Jesus says to his Apostles:\"Take this [bread] all of you and eat it. This is my body which will be given up for you. [...] Take this [cup] all of you and drink from it. This is the cup of my blood, the blood of the new and everlasting covenant. [...] My blood will be shed for you and for all so that sins may be forgiven. [...] Do this in memory of me.\"According to the idea of transubstantiation, this means:\nMany people did continue to take Communion after Jesus was killed by crucifixion. For these people, the Eucharist is a reminder of the Last Supper."}
+{"id": "99452", "revid": "9915813", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99452", "title": "Children of Bodom", "text": "Children of Bodom was a Finnish melodic death metal band from Espoo in Finland. Their name comes from the Lake Bodom murders. The band members were: Alexi Laiho (lead guitar and vocals), Daniel Freyberg (rhythm guitar), Janne Wirman (keyboards), Henkka Blacksmith (bass), Jaska Raatikainen (drums).\nBand members.\nTimeline"}
+{"id": "99459", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99459", "title": "Hg", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99467", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99467", "title": "J. Palisa", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99468", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99468", "title": "M. F. Wolf", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99470", "revid": "863768", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99470", "title": "Near-Earth asteroid", "text": "Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are asteroids whose orbits are close to Earth's orbit. A few tens of thousands have been found. Sometimes one crashes into earth. We try to find out if any are going to hit Earth using Asteroid impact prediction. Two near-Earth asteroids have been visited by spacecraft: 433 Eros, by NASA's Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous probe and 25143 Itokawa, by the JAXA Hayabusa mission."}
+{"id": "99493", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99493", "title": "Abbottabad Central", "text": "Abbottabad Central is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in Abbottabad city, the capital of the district, it borders the following Union Councils, Malikpura Urban to the north and west, by Salhad to the south and by Dhamtour to the east.\nA part of Abbottabad Central comprises the Old Abbottabad Town, which had been originally founded in January 1853 by Major James Abbott and which in turn has two main sections the Civil Lines and the Military Cantonment. This old portion is a historical place of considerable significance to the period of the British Raj. The Old \"Saddar\" (Main/Central) Bazaar, St Luke's Church, Abbottabad, the Old Christian Cemetery Abbottabad, the Lady Garden Park, the Abbottabad Club and several other old British Indian Army structures are found here."}
+{"id": "99495", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99495", "title": "Subahdar", "text": "A Naib Nazim, or deputy Nazim, is an elected government official in Pakistan. The word Naib means assistant or deputy while Nazim is similar to a mayor, so a Naib Nazim is similar in to a deputy mayor."}
+{"id": "99496", "revid": "9116839", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99496", "title": "Cherbourg-Octeville", "text": "Cherbourg-Octeville is a city in France. It is in the region of Normandy, and in the D\u00e9partement of Manche. 43,000 people live inside the city and 117,000 near or in the city.\nOn 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin.\nSister cities.\nCherbourg is twinned with:"}
+{"id": "99507", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99507", "title": "Wilhelm Tell", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99508", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99508", "title": "Circuit board", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99509", "revid": "1672574", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99509", "title": "3 Inches of Blood", "text": "3 Inches of Blood was a heavy metal band from Vancouver, Canada. They were founded in 2000 and dissolved in 2015. The band's style is a mixture between power metal and NWOBHM of the late 1970s and early 1980s. \nOther websites.\n "}
+{"id": "99510", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99510", "title": "Neography", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99511", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99511", "title": "List of rivers of Kansas", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Kansas:"}
+{"id": "99512", "revid": "656019", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99512", "title": "List of rivers of Kentucky", "text": "This is a list of rivers in Kentucky:"}
+{"id": "99514", "revid": "6179767", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99514", "title": "List of rivers of Louisiana", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in Louisiana, by letter:"}
+{"id": "99517", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99517", "title": "List of rivers of Maine", "text": "The following is a list of rivers in Maine, by region:"}
+{"id": "99522", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99522", "title": "Escape artist", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99531", "revid": "879316", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99531", "title": "Federal Council (Switzerland)", "text": "The Swiss Federal Council (, , , ) is the group of seven people who are the federal government of Switzerland. As Switzerland does not have one person as \"President\", the Federal Council is also the head of state.\nMembers.\nThe whole council is responsible for leading the federal administration of Switzerland, but each Councillor runs one of the seven federal ministries. As of 2023, the members of the Federal Council are, in order of seniority:\nOrigins and history of the Federal Council.\nOrigins of the institution.\nThe Federal Council was set up by the 1848 Federal Constitution as the \"supreme executive and directorial authority of the Confederation\".\nWhen the Constitution was written, constitutional democracy was still in its infancy, and the founding fathers of Switzerland had little in the way of examples. Switzerland has a long tradition of being governed by a council of representatives instead of one powerful ruler, so while they drew heavily on the U.S. Constitution for the organisation of the federal state as a whole, they opted for the council rather than the presidential system for the executive branch of government.) .\nToday, only three other states, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and San Marino have more than one person act as head of state at a time. The collegial system of government is often used for government. Many countries have a form of cabinet government with collective responsibility (that is, all ministers in the cabinet support the decision of the cabinet as a whole).\nMagic formula.\nAfter the 1959 elections a \"Zauberformel\" or \"magical formula\" was invented. The formula works out how many members of the Federal Council each political party has, and showed that the Federal Council is always a voluntary grand coalition.\nBased on their strengths in the Federal Assembly, the seats were distributed as follows:\nThe FDP and CVP have been getting less popular, and more people have supported the SVP and SPS. After the 2003 elections, the SVP asked for a CVP Council seat for their leader Christoph Blocher and threatened to otherwise leave the government. After the 2007 elections Blocher was replaced by another member of the CVP, so the strength of the parties is still:\nWomen on the council.\nWomen did not get the federal vote until 1971. The first woman to be an official candidate was Lilian Uchtenhagen in 1983.\nIn total, only six out of 109 Councillors (or out of 27 Councillors elected since 1971) have been women:\nOperation of the Federal Council.\nPresidency.\nEach year, one of the seven Councillors is elected by the Federal Assembly as \"President of the Confederation\". The Federal Assembly also elects a Vice President. By convention, the positions of President and Vice President rotate annually, each Councillor thus becoming Vice President and then President every seven years while in office. The same person cannot be President two years in a row, or be elected Vice President in the years after he has been President.\nAccording to the Swiss order of precedence, the President of the Confederation is the highest-ranking Swiss official. He or she presides over Council meetings and carries out certain representative functions that, in other countries, are the business of the Head of State. In urgent situations where a Council decision cannot be made in time, he or she is empowered to act on behalf of the whole Council. Apart from that, though, he or she is a \"primus inter pares\", having no power above and beyond the other six Councillors.\nThe President is not the Swiss head of state (this function is carried out by the Council acting together). However the President acts and is recognized as head of state while conducting official visits abroad, as the members of the Council never leave the country at the same time. More often, though, official visits abroad are carried out by the head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Visiting heads of state are received by all the Federal Council together.\nCouncil meetings.\nThe Federal Council meets each Wednesday at the \"Bundeshaus\" in Bern, the seat of the Swiss federal government.\nApart from the seven Councillors, the following officials also attend the meetings:\nAfter the meetings, the Councillors always take lunch together. The Council also meets regularly in conclave to discuss important topics at length, and annually conducts what is colloquially referred to as its \"school excursion\", a day trip to some attractions in the President's home canton. In that and other respects, the Council operates not unlike a board of directors of a major corporation.\nDecisions and responsibilities.\nEach Federal Councillor heads a government department, much like the ministers in the governments of other countries. Colloquially and by the press, they are often referred to as ministers. For example, the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sportsis often called the \"minister of defence\". However, as Council members, they are not only responsible for their own department, but also for the business of their colleagues' departments as well, and for the conduct of the government and the federal administration as a whole.\nSecrecy.\nThe meetings of the Federal Council and the result of the votes taken are not open to the public, and the records remain sealed for 50 years. This has lately been the subject of some criticism. In particular, the parties at the ends of the political spectrum argue that this secrecy is contrary to the principle of transparency. However, the Council has always said that secrecy is necessary to reach consensus and to preserve the collegiality and political independence of the individual Councillors.\nDespite the secrecy rule, details of the votes and the arguments in Council are sometimes leaked to the press, resulting in (generally fruitless) investigations and criminal prosecutions of the leaking staff member.\nConstitutional conventions.\nDue to the Federal Council's unique nature as a voluntary grand coalition of political opponents, its operation is subject to numerous constitutional conventions. Most notable is the principle of collegiality; that is, the Councillors are supposed not to publicly criticise one another, even though they are often political opponents. In effect, they are expected to publicly support all decisions of the Council, even against their own personal opinion or that of their political party. In the eye of many observers, this convention has become rather strained after the 2003 elections (see below).\nElection and composition.\nElection mode.\nThe members of the Federal Council are elected for a term of four years by both chambers of the federal parliament sitting together as the Federal Assembly. Each Councillor is elected individually by secret ballot by an absolute majority of votes. Every adult Swiss citizen is eligible, but in practice, only Members of Parliament or more rarely, members of Cantonal governments are nominated by the political parties and receive a substantial amount of votes. The voting is conducted in several rounds: in the first two rounds, anyone can enter their name; but in subsequent rounds, the person receiving the least votes is removed from the race until one candidate gains an absolute majority.\nWith Council seats allocated to parties by unwritten agreement (see above), Federal Council elections generally are unexciting, pleasant affairs. Usually, the party which has a seat to fill presents two candidates with mainstream viewpoints to the United Federal Assembly, which then chooses one. This was not so, however, during the 2003 election, which was the most controversial in recent memory (see also above).\nOnce elected, Councillors remain members of their political parties, but hold no leading office with them. In fact, they usually maintain a certain political distance from the party leadership, because under the rules of collegiality, they will often have to publicly promote a Council decision which does not match the political conviction of their party (or of themselves).\nResignation.\nOnce elected for a four-year-term, Federal Councillors can neither be voted out of office by a motion of no confidence nor can they be impeached. Re-election is possible for an indefinite number of terms, and it has historically been extremely rare for Parliament not to re-elect a sitting Councillor. This has only happened four times - to Ulrich Ochsenbein in 1854, to Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel in 1872, to Ruth Metzler-Arnold in 2003 and to Christoph Blocher in 2007. In practice, therefore, Councillors serve until they decide to resign and retire to private life, usually after three to five terms of office.\nStatus of Federal Councillors.\nCouncillors' lives.\nUnlike most senior members of government in other countries, the Federal Councillors are not entitled to an official residence. Mostly, they have chosen to rent apartments or hotel suites in Bern (at their own expense); the only contemporary exception being Moritz Leuenberger, who daily commutes by train from Z\u00fcrich to Bern. However, they are entitled to use the Federal Council's country estate, Lohn, for holidays; this estate is also used to host official guests of the Swiss Confederation.\nCouncillors can have an Army security detail if they need personal protection (in particular during official events). But often one can meet them without any escort at all in the streets, restaurants and tramways of Bern. Councillors are also entitled to a personal bailiff (\"Weibel\") who accompanies them, in a colourful uniform, to official events. This tradition goes back through the republican governments of the ancient Swiss cantons, right back to the lictors of the ancient Roman Republic.\nThe spouses of Councillors do not play an official part in the business of government, apart from accompanying the Councillors to official receptions.\nCouncillors' salary.\nFederal Councillors draw a yearly remuneration of about CHF 400,000 (circa EUR 256,000 / USD 404,000). After completing a full term of office, they are entitled to a perennial yearly pension of half that amount after leaving office.\nWhile Councillors are forbidden by law to hold any other post during their term of office, it is not unusual for them to accept lucrative business engagements after leaving office, e.g., on the board of directors of major Swiss corporations.\nImmunity.\nFederal Councillors, like Members of Parliament, enjoy absolute legal immunity for all statements made in their official capacity.\nFor crimes not relating to their official capacity, they can be prosecuted only with the permission of the Federal Council as a whole while in office. The prosecutor can appeal a refusal to grant permission to the Federal Assembly.\nProsecution for crimes and misdemeanors that do relate to the Councillors' official capacity requires the assent of the Federal Assembly. In such cases, Parliament can also suspend the Councillor in office (but not actually remove her or him).\nAccording to statements to the media by a Federal Chancellory official, in none of the few cases of accusations against a Federal Councillor has the permission to prosecute ever been granted. Such cases usually involved statements considered offensive by members of the public. However, one unnamed Councillor involved in a traffic accident immediately prior to his date of resignation was reported to have voluntarily waived his immunity, and Councillor Elisabeth Kopp decided to resign upon facing an inquiry over allegations of secrecy violations.\nAssessment and calls for change.\nHistorically, the collegial government of Switzerland has been assessed both internationally and nationally as exceptionally competent and stable. The Federal Council as a whole (although not individual members) has consistently maintained public approval and confidence rates in excess of sixty percent, possibly also because under the Swiss system of direct democracy, voters can vent their displeasure with government decisions when deciding individual issues at the ballot box.\nHowever, lately there has been a growing contention that the Federal Council is often too slow to respond to the needs of the moment, too resistant to change and too weak to lead the powerful federal bureaucracy. Various changes have been proposed to address these issues, including expanding the powers of the presidency, expanding the Federal Council itself or adding a second layer of ministers between the Council and the departments. None of these proposals has yet borne fruit, however."}
+{"id": "99532", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99532", "title": "Zurich (disambiguation)", "text": "Z\u00fcrich is a city in Switzerland. It may also mean:"}
+{"id": "99541", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99541", "title": "Stone tools", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99543", "revid": "1639749", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99543", "title": "Bengal", "text": "Bengal is a region in the Indian subcontinent that is split between two countries - Bangladesh and India. Both parts used to be united, although historically part of British India; today West Bengal is part of India and \"East Bengal\" is Bangladesh. It contains the Ganges Delta, the largest in the world."}
+{"id": "99548", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99548", "title": "Colloquy", "text": "Colloquy could mean:"}
+{"id": "99549", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99549", "title": "WWE programs", "text": "The WWE has a wide range of shows all over the world, including television, movies, online, video on demand and pay-per-views. \nTelevision and webcasts.\nWWE currently runs with three major shows on television. They are: \"Raw\", \"Friday Night SmackDown!\", \"WWE Superstars\" and \"ECW\". WWE also airs recap shows: \"A.M. Raw\" (not in UK), \"The WWE Experience\", \"Bottom Line\", and \"Afterburn\".\nSince WWE's departure from Spike TV in the United States, WWE has moved \"Heat\" on to their website as a webcast, while overseas it is still shown as a regular television program. The latest episode of Heat is put up on WWE.com every Friday afternoon. Other webcasts such as \"WWE Rollin\", \"WWE Sidesplitters\" and \"WWE Uncut\" can be found in the \"All Videos\" section of WWE.com.\nWWE has had a large Web presence for years. In 1996 it was nominated for a Streaming Media Award and in 1999 for its online content.\nInternational broadcasting.\nAustralia.\nFOX8 is currently the only network to air all televised shows in Australia. Times for programmes are as follows and are in EST:\nBrazil.\nWWE programming on Brazil is shown on FX Latin America, and later on, in December of 2007, by SBT (Brazilian Television System.)\nCosta Rica.\nWWE Programming shows on FX Latin America are not scheduled here, Raw and SmackDown! airs trough national aircasting station Repretel Canal 11 (Repretel channel 11)\nNew Zealand.\nThe BOX is currently the only network to air all television shows in New Zealand.\nPeru.\nWWE Programming shows on FX Latin America and ATV Andina de Radio Difusi\u00f3n in Peru.\nPhilippines.\nIn the Philippines, WWE programming is shown on Jack TV, and Associated Broadcasting Company (ABC). All times are in Philippine Standard Time\nPortugal.\nIn Portugal, WWE programming is shown on SIC Radical, and on TVI\nSouth Asia.\nTEN Sports airs WWE programs in South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Bhutan, etc. \nUnited Kingdom.\nMost of WWE's programs are shown on Sky Sports 3 apart from \"WWE Experience\", \"Saturday Night's Main Event\" and pay-per-views.\nWWE movies.\nSince 2003, WWE has produced its own movie productions. Instead of focusing on wrestling movies, WWE produces movies that are non-wrestling related. WWE and Vince McMahon were credited for production of the movies \"The Scorpion King\", \"The Rundown\" and \"Walking Tall\" all starring The Rock (Dwayne Johnson). \nWWE movies has since ventured in on their own, releasing, \"See No Evil\", a horror movie, starring Kane and also \"The Marine\", an action movie starring John Cena. WWE has also noted that Steve Austin has agreed to star in three movie deals, the first being \"The Condemned\".\nWWE 24/7.\nIn 2004, WWE announced a new video on demand service for digital cable users, allowing subscribers to the service access to matches in the promotion's extensive video library. The programming is broken into six sections and features classic shows, matches, and features highlighting legends of wrestling.\nPay-per-view.\nWWE is currently one of the leaders in pay-per-view content for cable and satellite television. Pay-per-views account for approximately 25% of WWE revenues. There are fourteen live shows for North America, four for United Kingdom, four for Australia and two for Japan. The pay-per-view events WWE hold currently are:"}
+{"id": "99550", "revid": "11610", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99550", "title": "Former WWE programming", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99552", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99552", "title": "Corumba", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99553", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99553", "title": "Cherenkov effect", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99554", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99554", "title": "Chiron (moon)", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99555", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99555", "title": "Gianlorenzo Bernini", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99556", "revid": "1665182", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99556", "title": "Borat", "text": "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan is a 2006 British-American mockumentary (comedy movie) by English comedian Sacha Baron Cohen. The main character, Borat, is a rude, stupid reporter who interviews famous people and ordinary people. The movie was very popular, but also seen as wrong and offensive by some people. This is because it was seen as anti-semitic (against Jews) and racist (against black people). Sacha Baron Cohen says this is wrong and he is Jewish himself.\nThe movie received negative reactions of Kazakh people and the government, whereas the latter banned actor Sacha Baron Cohen from entering to Kazakhstan for his lifetime.\nPlot.\nThe plot of the movie is about Borat and his friend going to America from Kazakhstan to make a movie about America. Borat looks very stupid and ignorant in America. Borat falls in love with Pamela Anderson after seeing her on television in his hotel. He decides to go to see her while making the movie. He meets many people along the way, interviewing them."}
+{"id": "99557", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99557", "title": "Horie Yui", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99560", "revid": "1674404", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99560", "title": "Miley Stewart", "text": "Miley Ray Stewart, or Hannah Montana is a fictional character played by Miley Cyrus on the Disney Channel television show \"Hannah Montana\". She is the main character in the series. Hannah Montana is about Miley Stewart, a teenage school girl who, at night, lives as a pop star, Hannah Montana.\nBiography.\nMiley Stewart is an ordinary teenager who has two lives, one as a school girl, the other as a pop star, Hannah Montana. She is from Tennessee, but now lives in California with her father Robby Ray, and brother Jackson. Robby was a singer like Miley, and now lives two lives. One as her father the as her manager and producer.\nMiley's mother died when she was young. Roxy is Hannah Montana's bodyguard who protects the family, whether they want her to or not.\nWhen Miley arrives at Seaview Middle School, she meets her best friends, Lilly Truscott and Oliver Oken. Lilly finds out that Miley is Hannah Montana in the first episode, when she breaks into Hannah's dressing room. In the second episode, Oliver's crush on Hannah Montana is shown, and because of this, Miley tells him her secret. In the second season, she begins to go to her brother's high school with Lilly and Oliver. Because of her two lives, Miley often has problems (such as sleeping in late on a school day after a concert).\nPersonality.\nMiley's enemies are Amber Addison (Shanica Knowles) and Ashley Dewitt (Anna Maria Perez de Tagle), who are constantly mean to her and her friends, but are huge fans of Hannah Montana. Later, she gets used to her school, and meets a famous actor, Jake Ryan. She has an on and off relationship with him.\nMiley is famous for saying some phrases, such as \"Ya think?!\" whenever someone says the obvious, and \"Sweet niblets!\", when worried and scared. If someone says something crazy, Miley or Hannah will say something like \"'Washed up ballplayer say what?'\" as in Bye Bye Ball.\nMiley also has a stuffed bear named Beary who has been seen in many episodes. She has had Beary since she was three (as revealed in \"Me and Rico down by the schoolyard\". Beary was destroyed in the episode \"Bye Bye Ball\", when Jackson was trying to kill a wasp, but Jackson was later able to fix him.\nPeople who know Hannah's secret.\nIt has been shown that Miley's friends and most members of the Stewart family know that Miley is Hannah Montana. Below is the list of people mentioned in the series that know Miley's secret."}
+{"id": "99575", "revid": "8950", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99575", "title": "Naturalist", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99578", "revid": "10117303", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99578", "title": "Nazareth", "text": "Nazareth () ( ' or '; ' or ') is the capital city of the north district of Israel. Most of the people in this city are Arabs (who are either Muslim or Christian). There are also some Jewish people. The city is very old and is also famous for being the city where it is believed Jesus grew up in the care of Mary and Joseph (found in Mat. 2:23).\n<br>"}
+{"id": "99589", "revid": "209999", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99589", "title": "Scanlation", "text": "Scanlation (sometimes scanslation) is a word for manga comics which have been scanned and translated by fans from the language they were in before (usually Japanese or Korean) to a different language, usually English, French or Spanish."}
+{"id": "99590", "revid": "165650", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99590", "title": "KolibriOS", "text": "KolibriOS is a free and open source operating system written all in assembly. This makes it very fast and small. KolibriOS can fit on a floppy disk and run on a Pentium (and possibly on late 486) with 8 MB of RAM."}
+{"id": "99618", "revid": "9073294", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99618", "title": "Oberg\u00f6sgen", "text": "Oberg\u00f6sgen is a municipality in the G\u00f6sgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "99619", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99619", "title": "Obergosgen", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99620", "revid": "9073552", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99620", "title": "Oekingen", "text": "Oekingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "99622", "revid": "9073258", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99622", "title": "Oensingen", "text": "Oensingen is a municipality in the district G\u00e4u in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland."}
+{"id": "99623", "revid": "1527166", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99623", "title": "Olten", "text": "Olten is a city in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.\nDemographics.\nOlten has a population of 19209 people as of December 2019. Of this, 31.4% are foreigners.\nTransport.\nTrain.\nOlten is a main SBB hub. The SBB Cargo Hub is located near the station of Olten. The Olten railway station has lines connecting outside of Switzerland. They come from Germany, and Italy. \nBus.\nThe Bus Betrieb Olten G\u00f6sgen G\u00e4u (BOGG) currently operates in Olten. \nAir.\nOlten has a grass paved airport. It is only used for leisure. Gliders usually take off there, but sometimes small planes also take off there.\nEducation.\nOlten has a Gymnasium (Higher Secondary School) and a Fachhochschule (literally meaning Subject High School). Olten has 4 Primary schools and 1 Secondary school. It also has a Music school."}
+{"id": "99630", "revid": "13966", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99630", "title": "Pans labyrinth", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99633", "revid": "10155617", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99633", "title": "O. J. Simpson", "text": "Orenthal James \"O. J.\" Simpson (July 9, 1947 \u2013 April 10, 2024), also known by his nickname, The Juice, was an American football player and movie actor. He originally became famous as a running back at the collegiate and professional levels, and was the first NFL player to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a season. He later worked as an actor, spokesman, and broadcaster. O. J. Simpson is famous for being accused of murdering his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman in 1994. The true holder of the single season rushing record. He is one of the greatest Running Backs of all time.\nMurder of Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman.\nO. J. Simpson was put on trial for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman in 1994. The court case took many months, and the newspapers and television news followed it closely. The criminal court in Los Angeles, California found that Simpson was not guilty of those murders in 1995. However, Goldman's family sued Simpson for wrongful death in civil court. In 1997, the civil court said Simpson was liable for their wrongful deaths, but to date he has paid little of the $33.5 million he was ordered to pay. In late 2006, Simpson wrote a book titled \"If I Did It\". The book is a first-person fictional story of the murder of Brown and Goldman if Simpson had done it. It was withdrawn by the publisher just before its release. The book was later released by the Goldman family and the title of the book was expanded to \"If I Did It: Confessions of the Killer\" (). As of March 2016, interest has grown in his murder case after a former police officer came forward with a knife that may have been used as the murder weapon.\nConviction.\nIn September 2007, Simpson faced more lawsuits. He was arrested and later charged with many felonies. They included but were not limited to robbery, burglary, assault, first-degree kidnapping with the use of a deadly weapon (which carries a possible life sentence), coercion with the use of a deadly weapon, conspiracy to commit robbery, conspiracy to commit kidnapping, and conspiracy to commit a crime. Simpson was convicted on all counts. He was imprisoned at the Lovelock Correctional Center in Lovelock, Nevada.\nParole and release.\nOn July 20, 2017, Simpson was granted parole. He was released from prison on October 1, 2017.\nDeath.\nOn April 10, 2024, Simpson died from prostate cancer in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 76.\nCareer.\nSimpson played T.D. Parker in the TV series \"1st & Ten: The Championship\" from 1986 to 1991. In 1995 he won the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor."}
+{"id": "99634", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99634", "title": "Orenthal James Simpson", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99637", "revid": "693482", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99637", "title": "Woody Guthrie", "text": "Woodrow Wilson Guthrie, better known as Woody Guthrie (July 14, 1912 \u2013 October 3, 1967), was an American folk musician and songwriter, of the 20th century.\nEarly life.\nGuthrie was born Woodrow Wilson Guthrie in Okemah, Oklahoma. He was named after President Woodrow Wilson. \nCareer.\nGuthrie wrote over a thousand songs during his career. His more famous songs include \"This Land Is Your Land\", \"Mail Myself To You\", \"This Train\", \"Bound For Glory\", and \"Hobo's Lullaby\". One of his most famous albums was titled \"Dust Bowl Ballads\". He sang about the Great Depression, and the problems faced by farmers at the time of the Dust Bowl, when erosion and drought ruined millions of acres of farmland.\nGuthrie recorded a series of songs for the United States government, about sexually transmitted diseases, that served as warnings to the public. Much of the time he appeared opposed to governments as he saw them, and also politics. Guthrie identified strongly with the Industrial Workers of the World, called the \"Wobblies\", and also the Communist Party, but he never joined either one. His songs, and his interpretations of older songs, spoke to people of many different beliefs. Many of his songs used old tunes, that he gave new words.\nThe composer names of most folk songs are lost to history, or their songs have been adapted so many times that they completely change form. Even though Guthrie and his songs were well-known, they came to be accepted as genuine folk songs. They appeared in songbooks, and were performed and recorded by many different artists, and also sung by amateurs and families at home. Guthrie worked with or influenced many later musicians.\nIllness from Huntington's disease.\nGuthrie's career was cut short by the illness Huntington's disease. By the late 1940s, Guthrie's health was getting poor, and his behavior was getting very erratic. He had gotten various diagnoses (including alcoholism and schizophrenia), but in 1952, it was determined that he was dying from Huntington's disease, He inherited it from his mother. Worrying that he was a danger to their children, his wife, Marjorie, said he needed to go back to California without her. They finally divorced. Over a long period of time, the illness left him in a wheelchair, then finally unable to get out of bed, or even hold a guitar. \nHe spent many years in a hospital, visited by his family and friends. Folk musician Pete Seeger was a regular visitor. One day, the young Bob Dylan came to visit Guthrie. He had hitchhiked from Minnesota to New York, to meet Guthrie. He played Guthrie \"A Song to Woody\", which he had written as a tribute. Guthrie liked Dylan, and invited him back. Dylan stayed with the Guthrie family, and became friends with thirteen-year-old Arlo Guthrie, who also became a musician.\nDeath and legacy.\nGuthrie died in 1967, from the effects of Huntington's disease in New York City, aged 55. There have been many tributes made to Guthrie and his music through the years. Actor David Carradine played him in the movie Bound for Glory. Guthrie's songs are still sung today, and are a symbol of American life."}
+{"id": "99638", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99638", "title": "Miley Stewart/Hannah Montana", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99639", "revid": "294863", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99639", "title": "East Bengal", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99640", "revid": "966595", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99640", "title": "Seer Sharqi Bhattian", "text": "Seer Sharqi Bhattian is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is in the southeastern part of the province, bordering the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province.\nMeaning.\nSeer Sharqi Bhattian is named after the two main towns \"Seer Sharqi\" and \"Bhattian\", Seer Sharqi means eastern Seer, this is because there are two towns called Seer near to each other. The other Seer is known as Seer Gharbi (meaning western Seer)\nSubdivisions.\nThe Union Council is subdivided into the following areas: Bhatian, Seer Sharqi and Taror."}
+{"id": "99641", "revid": "1375492", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99641", "title": "Bagnotar", "text": "Bagnotar is a Union Council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. \nBagnator is on Abbottabad-Nathia Gali Road, 16 Kilometers away from Abbottabad city.\nLocation.\nThe Union Council Bagnotar is in central part of Abbottabad District in south-east of Abbottabad city - capital city of the district. Bagnotar is next to following union councils, to the north by Sarbhana, to the east and to the south by Namli Maira, and to the west by Bagh.\nSubdivisions.\nUnion Council Bagnotar is divided into three subdivisions:\nChairman Sardar Muhammad Dilnawaz. \nChairman Muhammad Jamil Abbasi.\nChairman Malik Iqbal Awan.\nDistrict Council Member: Sardar Saeed Anwar\".\"\nTehsil Council Member: Sardar Shuja Ahmed\".\"\nupdated by Muhammad Sajjad Jadoon Bagnotar.\nVegetation.\nThe vegetation in Bagnotar is naturally grown. Both coniferous and deciduous species are present on a large area of the whole union council. The notable species are \"Pinus wallichiana, Pinus roxburghii, Cedrus deodara, Taxus baccata, Diospyrus lotus, Salix tetrasperma, Quercus dilatata, Morus elba, Aesculus indica.\""}
+{"id": "99642", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99642", "title": "Clinton, Oneida County, New York", "text": "Clinton is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. There were 1,683 people living in Clinton as of the 2020 census. It was named after George Clinton, the first governor of New York.\nGeography.\nThe village has an area of 0.6\u00a0square miles, says the United States Census Bureau. The village is east of the Oriskany Creek."}
+{"id": "99643", "revid": "370725", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99643", "title": "List of counties in Mississippi", "text": "The following is a list of 82 counties in the U.S. state of Mississippi:"}
+{"id": "99644", "revid": "10324496", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99644", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "text": "Charleston is a city in Charleston County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is the county seat and largest city of Charleston County. As of 2023, the city's population is about 155,369.\nCharleston was the capital of South Carolina until 1786 when Columbia became capital.\nSurrounding cities and towns.\nThere are many suburbs in the metropolitan area:\nNeighborhoods in the City.\nThere are many neighborhoods in the city of Charleston:\nWest Ashley neighborhoods.\n\u2022 SAG"}
+{"id": "99645", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99645", "title": "Hangu", "text": "Hangu can be any of the following:"}
+{"id": "99646", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99646", "title": "Karak", "text": "The term Karak can mean any of the following:"}
+{"id": "99649", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99649", "title": "Taunton, Massachusetts", "text": "Taunton is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the seat of Bristol County and the hub of the Greater Taunton Area. As of the 2020 census, Taunton had 59,408 people living in it. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has an area of 48\u00a0square miles.\nSister city.\nTaunton shares a sister city status with:"}
+{"id": "99653", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99653", "title": "Gerhard Ertl", "text": "Gerhard Ertl (born 10 October 1936) is a German physicist in the Department of Physical Chemistry of the Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG . He was born on 10 October 1936 in Stuttgart, Germany. Professor Ertl won the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 2007.\nErtl\u2019s research laid the foundation of modern surface chemistry, which has helped explain how fuel cells produce energy without pollution, how catalytic converters clean up car exhausts and even why iron rusts, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said. \nHis work has paved the way for development of cleaner energy sources and will guide the development of fuel cells, said Astrid Graslund, secretary of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. \nThe Nobel academy said Ertl provided a detailed description of how chemical reactions take place on surfaces. His findings applied in both academic studies and industrial development, the academy said. \u201cSurface chemistry can even explain the destruction of the ozone layer, as vital steps in the reaction actually take place on the surfaces of small crystals of ice in the stratosphere,\u201d the award citation reads. \nPersonal life.\nErtl and his wife Barbara have two children and several grandchildren. His hobbies include playing the piano and also playing with his cats.\nPublications.\nProfessor Ertl is an editor of the Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis\nEducation.\nProfessor Ertl studied physics at the Technical University of Stuttgart from 1955 to 1957. He studied at the University of Paris from 1957 to 1958 and then at Ludwig Maximillians University in Munich from 1958 to 1959. He returned to the Technical University of Stuttgart where he got a diplom of physics in 1961. Then he studied at the Technical University of Munich and got a PhD in 1965.\nAcademic work.\nWork.\nAfter getting his PhD, he stayed in Munich as an assistant and a lecturer between 1965 and 1968. Then, he moved to the Technical University of Hannover where he worked as Professor and Director from 1968 to 1973. In 1973, Professor Ertl returned to the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich to work as a professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry. He worked there until 1986 and during this time was a regular visitor to the California Institute of Technology, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the University of California, in Berkeley where he worked as a visiting professor. In 1986, he became professor at the Free University of Berlin and the Technical University of Berlin. He was director at the Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG from 1986 and was also a professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin from 1996. Professor Ertl retired in 2004.\nStudies.\nProfessor Ertl studied the molecules of ammonia, iron, carbon monoxide and palladium to help make modern catalytic converters. He studied platinum to learn about its atoms.\nProfessor Ertl helped to develop new ways of using microscopes. One was called low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) used at the beginning of his career and later he worked on ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and scanning tunneling microscope (STM).\nAwards.\nProfessor Ertl and Gabor A. Somorjai won the Wolf Prize for Chemistry in 1998 for outstanding results in surface science and for discovering how crystals react to experiments. \nProfessor Ertl was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 2007 for more studies of surface science.\nMemberships.\nHe was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1992."}
+{"id": "99654", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99654", "title": "Francesco Hayez", "text": "Francesco Hayez (February 10, 1791, Venice \u2013 December 21, 1882, Milan) was the main artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century in Milan.\nNotable works include:"}
+{"id": "99664", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99664", "title": "Z\u00fcrich Canton", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99666", "revid": "15901", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99666", "title": "John Wiliam Waterhouse", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99667", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99667", "title": "J.W.Waterhouse", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99672", "revid": "5295", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99672", "title": "John William Waterhouse", "text": "John William Waterhouse (6 April 1849 \u2013 10 February 1917) was an English painter in the Pre-Raphaelite style. He worked after the breakup of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and so was called \"the modern Pre-Raphaelite\". He was also influenced by his contemporaries, the Impressionists. His artworks were known for their depictions of women from both ancient Greek mythology and Arthurian legend.\nBorn in Italy to English parents who were both painters, he later moved to London, where he enrolled in the Royal Academy of Art. He soon began exhibiting at their annual summer exhibitions, focusing on the creation of large canvas works depicting scenes from the daily life and mythology of ancient Greece. Later on in his career he came to embrace the Pre-Raphaelite style of painting despite the fact that it had gone out of fashion in the British art scene several decades before. \nAlthough not as well known as earlier Pre-Raphaelite artists such as Dante Rossetti, John Millais and William Holman Hunt, Waterhouse's work is currently displayed at several major British art galleries, and the Royal Academy of Art organised a major retrospective of his work in 2009."}
+{"id": "99673", "revid": "2133", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99673", "title": "Hermitage", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99691", "revid": "1011873", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99691", "title": "Toontown", "text": "Toontown is a common name for a fictional human-like city or town where cartoon characters, known as Toons, live.\n\"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\".\nIn the 1988 movie \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", Toontown is a cartoonish city near Los Angeles."}
+{"id": "99699", "revid": "18026", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99699", "title": "Horror films", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99700", "revid": "823563", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99700", "title": "Horror movies", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99701", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99701", "title": "Monty Python\u2019s Life of Brian", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99708", "revid": "8961877", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99708", "title": "Semantic Web", "text": "The Semantic Web is a project of the W3C that uses metadata, to write specific details related to a subject, to let computers better process the information on the internet. This plan, for saving additional semantic details, would make computers able to do more of the work involved in finding, sharing and combining information on the internet.\nThe Semantic Web is an idea of the inventor of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners Lee. He has wanted to make the web more intuitive about how to meet a user's needs. The semantics of information and services is defined in Web Ontology Language (OWL) and RDF Schemas. These are used to give a formal description of concepts, terms, and relationships within a given area of knowledge.\nTim Berners-Lee's idea was as follows:\nMarkup.\nThe World Wide Web is based on HTML documents. The semantic web involves using Resource description Framework (RDF) that has data that computers use. The layout used in HTML will be stored separately such as in a CSS file. RDF and OWL can either supplement or replace the content of web documents (XHTML).\nIn this way, a machine can use the knowledge itself. By using the information in ways similar to human reasoning, it can create more meaningful results."}
+{"id": "99713", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99713", "title": "Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99717", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99717", "title": "Langlade County, Wisconsin", "text": "Langlade County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 19,491 people living in Langlade County as of the year 2020. Its county seat is Antigo. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of 888\u00a0square miles."}
+{"id": "99718", "revid": "1338660", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99718", "title": "Adams County, Wisconsin", "text": "Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. There were 20,654 people living in Adams County as of the year 2020. Its county seat is Friendship. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has an area of 689\u00a0square miles."}
+{"id": "99721", "revid": "532461", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99721", "title": "Ligaria cuneifolia", "text": "Ligaria cuneifolia van Tigh, (syn. \"Psittacanthus cuneifolius\" (Ruiz et Pav.) Blume) is a shrubby, glabrous plant. It's fruit a globular berry. It is commonly known as \u201cliga\u201d (Argentina) or \u201cquintral de espino\u201d (Chile)."}
+{"id": "99732", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99732", "title": "Semantic web", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99734", "revid": "13132", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99734", "title": "Itajai", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99735", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99735", "title": "Hypersonic (disambiguation)", "text": "Hypersonic speeds are speeds that are highly supersonic.\nHypersonic can be any of the following:"}
+{"id": "99736", "revid": "1593189", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99736", "title": "Hypersonic speed", "text": "In aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are significantly faster than the speed of sound. Any speed faster than Mach 5 (five times faster than the speed of sound; 1,715 m/s at sea level) is said to be hypersonic. Hypersonic speeds are distinguished from supersonic speeds, because air and aircraft act very strangely at hypersonic speeds; even stranger than at supersonic speeds. \nCharacteristics of Hypersonic Flow.\nWhen an aircraft is moving at hypersonic speeds, it is subject to certain special effects due to its speed. Some of these effects are:\nThin Shock Layer.\nAs the plane goes faster, the density behind the shock wave increases. At the same time, the volume of the air behind the shock wave decreases. Because of this, the shock layer (the space between the aircraft's body and the shock wave) becomes very thin. This is important because it changes the way the plane has to be built.\nEntropy Layer.\nAs a plane goes faster, the entropy change across the shock wave increases. This results in a strong entropy gradient. This causes air around the aircraft to swirl like a vortex, in what is called \"vortical flow.\" This is important because it mixes with what is called the \"boundary layer\" around the aircraft. A boundary layer is a small area of air around the plane which is moving slower than the air farther away from the aircraft. When the vortical flow mixes with the boundary layer, the boundary layer is disrupted, and the aircraft becomes very unstable.\nViscous Interaction.\nAt very high speeds, objects that are inside the atmosphere become very hot. This can cause the previously mentioned boundary layer of the plane to expand. When the boundary layer expands, the aircraft gets even hotter. Put simply, planes moving extremely fast experience lots and lots of drag and get very very hot. This process is caused by the viscosity of air, which is why this is called \"viscous interaction.\"\nFun Fact.\nThe adjective \"sonic\" was first used in the 1920s, from the Latin sonus, or \"sound.\" Ever since, it has been used not only to describe things relating to sound, but also things that travel as fast as sound."}
+{"id": "99738", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99738", "title": "Great Langton", "text": "Great Langton is a small village in the English county of North Yorkshire. It is 1.2 square miles in area and 116 people live there."}
+{"id": "99741", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99741", "title": "Leonid Hurwicz", "text": "Leonid Hurwicz (August 21, 1917 \u2013 June 24, 2008) was an American economist and mathematician. He won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics.\nHurwicz invented the economic sciences of incentive compatibility and mechanism design. International economy and trade is studied using the ideas Professor Hurwicz had.\nHurwicz worked as Regents Professor of Economics (head teacher of economics) at the University of Minnesota. Professor Hurwicz believed that game theory is very important. Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on ways mechanism design.\nPersonal life.\nProfessor Hurwicz was born in Moscow, Russia to a Jewish family a few months before the October Revolution. His family is Polish and had lived in Congress Kingdom (the part of Poland then in the Russian Empire) but they moved to Russia to escape World War I. Soon after Professor Hurwicz was born, the family returned to Warsaw, in Poland. Hurwicz and his family were treated very badly by the Bolsheviks and Nazis because they were Jewish. He became a refugee again when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. His parents and brother ran away to Russia where they were arrested by the Soviets and sent to labor camps. Hurwicz was forced to move to Switzerland, then to Portugal and finally in 1940 he moved to the United States. His family joined him there after some time.\nHurwicz hired Evelyn Jensen to help him teach during the 1940s. She grew up on a Wisconsin farm and was studying economics at the University of Chicago. Leonid and Evelyn got married in 1944 and later, lived on the Mississippi River parkway in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They have four children called Sarah, Michael, Ruth and Maxim.\nHe has interests in linguistics, archaeology, biochemistry and music. He has researched for meteorology and is a member of the National Science Foundation department for trying to control the weather. When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States (1968), Hurwicz was a Minnesota delegate to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee.\nHurwicz died of renal failure in Minneapolis, Minnesota at the age of 90.\nEducation and early work.\nProfessor Hurwiczs father wanted him to study law and he did. In 1938 Hurwicz got a degree from Warsaw University. He enjoyed studying in economics class and went to the London School of Economics with Nicholas Kaldor and Friedrich Hayek. In 1939 he moved to Geneva where he studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies and studied Ludwig von Mises teaching. After moving to the United States he studied more economics at Harvard University and the University of Chicago. Professor Hurwicz does not have a degree in economics but he won the Nobel prize for economics in 2007. He said, \"Whatever economics I learned, I learned by listening and learning.\"\nIn 1941 Hurwicz was helping Paul Samuelson to teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and helping Oskar Lange to teach at the University of Chicago. At Illinois Institute of Technology during the war, Hurwicz taught electronics to the U.S. Army Signal Corps. Then from 1942 to 1944, at the University of Chicago, he was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology and taught statistics in the Department of Economics. His advisors in 1942 were Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans of the University of Chicago, who now work for the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.\nTeaching and studies.\nHurwicz received a Guggenheim Fellowship for 1945\u20131946. In 1946 he became a professor of economics at Iowa State College. From January 1942 until June 1946, he was a researcher for the Cowles Commission. He worked full-time for the Cowles Commission until October 1950 until January 1951, he was a visiting professor, teaching at classes that were taught before by Professor Koopman in the Department of Economics, and he was a very important professor there. He was also a research professor of economics and statistics at the University of Illinois, a consultant to the RAND Corporation for the University of Chicago and a consultant to the U.S. government. Hurwicz continued to be a consultant to the Cowles Commission until about 1961.\nHurwicz was given a job by Walter Heller at the University of Minnesota in 1951, where he became a professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration. Most of his work for the rest of his life was in Minnesota, but he studied and was a teacher elsewhere in the United States and Asia. In 1955 and again in 1958 Hurwicz was a visiting professor, and a fellow on the second visit, at Stanford University and there in 1959 he published \"Optimality and Informational Efficiency in Resource Allocation Processes\" on making rules for buyers and sellers and governments share wealth. He taught at Bangalore University in 1965 and, during the 1980s, at Tokyo University, People's University (now Renmin University of China) and the University of Indonesia. In the United States he was a visiting professor at Harvard in 1969, at the University of California, Berkeley in 1976, at Northwestern University twice in 1988 and 1989, at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1998, the California Institute of Technology in 1999 and the University of Michigan in 2002. He was a visiting Distinguished Professor at the University of Illinois in 2001.\nIn the University of Minnesota in 1961, Hurwicz became chairman of the Statistics Department, Regents Professor of Economics in 1969, and Curtis L. Carlson Regents Professor of Economics in 1989. He taught subjects ranging from theory to welfare economics, public economics, rules for large companies and mathematical economics. Although he retired from full-time teaching in 1988, Hurwicz taught graduate school as Professor Emeritus in the autumn of 2006. In 2007 his ongoing research was described by the University of Minnesota as \"comparison and analysis of systems and techniques of economic organization, welfare economics, game-theoretic implementation of social choice goals, and modeling economic institutions.\" Professor Hurwiczs published works in these fields date back to 1944. Professor Hurwicz is known internationally for his good work researching economic theory, specially with rules for big businesses and governments using mathematical economics. In the 1950s, he worked with Kenneth Arrow on non-linear programming. Kenneth Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize in 1972. Hurwicz helped Daniel McFadden, who won a Nobel prize in 2000.\nHurwiczs work was important to help show how large economic systems should be studied. Some of these systems are capitalism and socialism. Professor Hurwiczs ideas of how to share wealth are also very important. The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists think about sharing in the future, explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how rewards for certain people make a difference when making decisions.\nHurwicz is part of teams who edit several journals. He co-edited and contributed to two collections for Cambridge University Press: \"Studies in Resource Allocation Processes\" (1978, with Kenneth Arrow) and \"Social Goals and Social Organization\" (1987, with David Schmeidler and Hugo Sonnenschein). His recent journals include \"Economic Theory\" (2003, with Thomas Marschak), \"Review of Economic Design\" (2001, with Stanley Reiter) and \"Advances in Mathematical Economics\" (2003, with Marcel K. Richter). Hurwicz has taught works by Fisher-Schultz (1963), Richard T. Ely (1972), David Kinley (1989) and Colin Clark (1997).\nAwards.\nMemberships and honorary degrees.\nHurwicz was voted to be a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1947 and in 1969 was the Econometric Societys president. Hurwicz was made part of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965. In 1974 he was made a part of the National Academy of Sciences and in 1977 was made a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association. Hurwicz was given a National Medal of Science in 1990 by President of the United States George H. W. Bush, for studying Behaviorial and Social Science, given to him for his new work on the theories of how to share wealth in modern decentralization.\nHe served on the United Nations Economic Commission in 1948 and the United States National Research Council in 1954. In 1964 he was a member of the National Science Foundation Commission on Weather Modification. He is a member of the American Academy of Independent Scholars (1979) and a Distinguished Scholar of the California Institute of Technology (1984).\nHurwicz has received six honorary doctorates (PhD), from Northwestern University (1980), the University of Chicago (1993), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (1989), Keio University (1993), Warsaw School of Economics (1994) and Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (2004). He is an honorary visiting professor of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics (1984).\nUsing Hurwiczs name.\nSome important things have been given Professor Hurwicz's name such as the Hurwicz criterion, an idea that Professor Hurwicz had in 1950, and is thought of as very important for economics. The Hurwicz Criterion is also called \"under uncertainty\". Hurwicz had the idea of putting Abraham Walds work together with work done by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1812. The Hurwicz Criterion tells people to think very carefully of what is good and what is bad before making decisions. Different types of the Hurwicz Criterion have been thought of. Leonard Jimmie Savage made some changes to the first Hurwiczs criterion in 1954. The four peoples work \u2013 Laplace, Wald, Hurwicz and Savage \u2013 that the Hurwicz Criterion has been based on was studied, corrected and used for over fifty years by many different people including John Milnor, G. L. S. Shackle, Daniel Ellsberg, R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa, but some people say the work was started by Jacob Bernoulli.\nThe Leonid Hurwicz Distinguished Lecture is given to the Minnesota Economic Association. John Ledyard (2007), Robert Lucas, Roger Myerson, Edward C. Prescott, James Quirk, Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are some of the people who have given the lecture since it was thought to be important in 1992.\nNobel Economics Prize.\nIn October 2007, Hurwicz shared \"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel\" with Eric Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study and Roger Myerson of the University of Chicago \"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory.\" During a telephone interview, a member of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz is the oldest person ever to win the Nobel Prize. Hurwicz said, \"I hope that others who deserve it also got it.\" When he was asked what the most important part of mechanism design is, he said welfare economics. The three Nobel prize winners used game theory work by mathematician John Forbes Nash, to discover the best way to reach a good outcome, without forgetting individual people. Mechanism design has been used as a guide for talks and taxation, voting and elections, to design auctions such as those for communications bandwidth, elections and labor talks and for pricing business stocks.\nProfessor Hurwicz was not able to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm because of his age, Hurwicz received the prize in Minneapolis. Accompanied by Evelyn, his wife for sixty years, and his family, he was the most important guest at a meeting in the University of Minnesota with the university president Robert Bruininks. After watching the Nobel Prize awards ceremony on television, Jonas Hafstrom, the Swedish ambassador to the United States, awarded the Economics Prize to Professor Hurwicz."}
+{"id": "99745", "revid": "1643871", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99745", "title": "Virtual private network", "text": "A virtual private network, or VPN is a set of technologies which are used to link computers to create a private network. Another network is used to carry the data, which is encrypted. The carrier network will see the packets of data which it routes. To the users of the VPN, it will look like the computers were directly connected to each other.\nThe VPN model can guarantee the following:\nIn a business context, VPNs are often used to connect different office locations or to allow people working from outside the company network to access its resources. VPNs are a crucial tool for securing sensitive data and enabling secure remote access for employees, especially with the rise of remote work. Businesses are turning to VPNs to create a secure and encrypted connection for employees accessing company data from remote locations, ensuring that work websites that cannot be accessed on the normal internet can be securely accessed. Additionally, VPNs provide a safe and encrypted connection for employees to access company resources, protecting sensitive data from cyber threats. \nSimilarly, the encryption process allows VPNs to offer anonymity by hiding the user and making it very hard for anyone to track them. As a result, VPNs help make one's online activities on the web anonymous and undecipherable.\nVPNs are often used to access websites that are blocked in some countries, like China. Many people also use a VPN to protect their internet activity while using public WiFi.\nVPNs can also be used to connect corporate offices to the larger branch offices, also known as site-to-site VPN. This is because direct network connections are impractical between offices that are physically distant.\nCommon VPN protocols include OpenVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, and IPsec.\nReferences.\n3. VPN Full Explanation ModzMania\nFurther Reading.\n1. GeeksForGeeks. What is a VPN and how it works. Archived 24-07-2025 at the Wayback Machine. "}
+{"id": "99746", "revid": "1522289", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99746", "title": "Dial-up", "text": "Dial-up internet access, usually called Dial-up, is a way of connecting to the Internet with a telephone line. \nMechanism.\nA modem is connected between a computer and a telephone line and then the modem is instructed to dial the phone number of an Internet service provider (ISP) to connect to the Internet. The ISP must be a service provider with several dial-up modems waiting to accept dial-up calls. This kind of internet is slower than DSL. \nHistory.\nIn the late 20th century, dial-up service was the most common way of connecting to the Internet in most parts of the world. Since the middle of the 2000s it's been largely replaced by DSL and cable modem. "}
+{"id": "99747", "revid": "15980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99747", "title": "Dial-up internet access", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99748", "revid": "640235", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99748", "title": "IPass", "text": "iPass Inc\u00a0is an American multinational company headquartered in Redwood Shores, California. iPass provides Internet access on wireless-enabled devices. iPass was first incorporated in California in July 1996 and later reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000.\u00a0The company\u2019s stock was added to the NASDAQ on July 24, 2003.\nHistory.\niPass was founded in January 1996 by Chris Moore.\u00a0Moore was replaced by Michael H. Mansouri, who took the position of Chairman, President and CEO in 1999, serving until 2001.Kenneth Denman succeeded Mansouri as President and CEO in 2001, later assuming the position of Chairman in 2003. \nIn\u00a0July 2003, iPass successfully issued its IPO, raising over $100 million.\nIn 2004, iPass launched a policy orchestration initiative to integrate patch management, assessment and remediation of remote and mobile computers into its connectivity platform.\u00a0In pursuing this initiative, iPass acquired two companies in 2004: Safe3w, which developed patented dynamic device \u201cfingerprinting\u201d technology, and Mobile Automation, which specialized in mobile device management.\nTwo years later, iPass acquired GoRemote Internet Communications, a former rival in the corporate remote access market.\u00a0In the midst of these acquisitions, iPass recorded year-end revenue growth, despite declining revenues from the company\u2019s traditional dial-up business.\u00a0In fact, total revenues grew to $192 million by the end of 2007.\nIn 2008, the company appointed Evan Kaplan as CEO and President to replace Denman.\u00a0During Kaplan's tenure, iPass began to build a service delivery platform for its new enterprise mobility services. By January 2010, the company delivered the first version of its cloud-based platform, iPass Open Mobile.\n2015 ushered in a change in iPass\u2019 executive team, beginning with the appointment of Gary Griffiths to the position of CEO and President.\u00a0Griffiths and his newly appointed Chief Commercial Officer, Patricia Hume, pursued a new growth strategy for mobility services, launching iPass Unlimited, a per-user, per-month, fixed fee subscription for unlimited Wi-Fi usage.\u00a0iPass also prioritized strategic partner procurement in 2015, which resulted in the expansion of its network of global hotspots from 18 million to 50 million.\u00a0The company also undertook enhancements to its products and applications. In November 2015, iPass announced proprietary technology, iPass SmartConnect.\nProducts and services.\niPass is a cloud-based service manager that connects users and devices to the company\u2019s global Wi-Fi footprint.\u00a0 In its most simple form, it is an application, downloaded by service users to laptops, tablets, or smartphones, to identify and connect to iPass hotspots. It is compatible with Automatic Credential Assignment.\nDerived from the company\u2019s connectivity intellectual property, the app is powered by iPass SmartConnect, iPass\u2019 Wi-Fi service platform, which identifies and rates access points based on factors such as signal strength, speed, bandwidth availability, and connection success rate. iPass SmartConnect also incorporates Last Mile VPN security, profile settings, Wi-Fi connectivity, and network curation to expand the network of available hotspots.\nThe platform also includes a proprietary scalable reporting and transaction clearing back-end.\nTechnology infrastructure.\nThe company has a global authentication fabric of integrated servers and software, interconnected with over 160 distinct global Wi-Fi networks. This infrastructure gives the company\u2019s aggregated hotspots the look and feel of iPass hotspots. With the addition of iPass SmartConnect, the architecture now opens avenues for improving connection success, real-time monitoring of network outages, and least-cost network routing .\nWi-Fi network.\niPass has a Wi-Fi network footprint and supply chain that consists of approximately 50 million hotspots in over 100 countries, including major airports, convention centers, planes, trains, train stations, hotels, restaurants, retail, and small business locations.[22]\u00a0This network footprint includes millions of community and free hotspots."}
+{"id": "99750", "revid": "178407", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99750", "title": "Shai Hulud (band)", "text": "Shai Hulud is a hardcore punk band with progressive metal influences formed in Pompano Beach, Florida in 1995."}
+{"id": "99754", "revid": "18539", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99754", "title": "Broadband", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99755", "revid": "9216946", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99755", "title": "Lloyds Bank", "text": "Lloyds TSB is one of world's largest banks. It is based on Gresham Street in the city of London and has business all over the world including the US, Europe, Middle East, Asia and Latin America.\nLloyds Banking Group is a British financial institution formed through the acquisition of HBOS by Lloyds TSB in 2009. It is one of the UK's largest financial services organisations, with 30 million customers and 65,000 employees. Lloyds Bank was founded in 1765 but the wider Group's heritage extends over 320 years, dating back to the founding of the Bank of Scotland by the Parliament of Scotland in 1695.\nThe Group's headquarters are located at 25 Gresham Street in the City of London, while its registered office is on The Mound in Edinburgh. It also operates office sites in Birmingham, Bristol, West Yorkshire and Glasgow. The Group also has extensive overseas operations in the US, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Its headquarters for business in the European Union is in Berlin, Germany.\nThe business operates under a number of distinct brands, including Lloyds Bank, Halifax, Bank of Scotland and Scottish Widows. Former Chief Executive Ant\u00f3nio Horta-Os\u00f3rio told \"The Banker\", \"We will keep the different brands because the customers are very different in terms of attitude\".\nLloyds Banking Group is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately \u00a330.65 billion as of 1 August 2022 \u2014 the 19th-largest of any LSE listed company \u2014 and has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American depositary receipts.\nIn 2009 Lloyds TSB merged with HBOS (Halifax Bank of Scotland) to make Lloyds Banking Group, this now uses three brands on the high street, Lloyds TSB, Halifax and Bank of Scotland."}
+{"id": "99756", "revid": "586", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99756", "title": "Gresham Street", "text": "Gresham Street is a street in the City of London, it is named after Thomas Gresham and runs from St. Martin's Le Grand near St Paul's Cathedral in the west, past Guildhall, to Lothbury in the east."}
+{"id": "99757", "revid": "1110", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99757", "title": "Thomas Gresham", "text": "Sir Thomas Gresham (c. 1519 \u2013 21 November 1579) was an English merchant who worked for King Edward VI of England and for Edward's half-sister Queen Elizabeth I of England. He was born in London in an old Norfolk family, he was the son of Sir Richard Gresham and had one brother and two sisters. Gresham's law was named after him in 1858."}
+{"id": "99758", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99758", "title": "List of Renaissance artists", "text": "Renaissance artists are artists from the Renaissance period of Europe, which started in the late 14th century (~1370). This list includes famous painters and sculptors.\nEach artist is listed with their dates, place of birth, some places that they worked, their media (the type of artwork that they made), one or two most famous works and some art galleries where their works can be seen.\nRenaissance artists: Northern Europe and Spain.\nEarly Renaissance.\nLouvre, National Gallery, London;\nKunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna\nMetropolitan Museum, New York"}
+{"id": "99760", "revid": "15980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99760", "title": "VPN", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99770", "revid": "3609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99770", "title": "America Online", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99771", "revid": "1386969", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99771", "title": "Rose Bowl Game", "text": "The Rose Bowl Game is an American college football bowl game at the Rose Bowl (stadium) in Pasadena, California. It is known as the \"granddaddy of them all\" because it has been played every year since 1916. It is almost always played on January 1 after Pasadena's Rose Parade. For many years, the two teams who played were the winner of the Pac-10 (a football conference of colleges on the West Coast) and the winner of the Big 10 (a football conference of colleges in the Midwest). In 1998, the game became part of the Bowl Championship Series. USC has won the game 24 times. "}
+{"id": "99772", "revid": "3609", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99772", "title": "New Orleans Privateers Football", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99773", "revid": "48755", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99773", "title": "Rose Bowl", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99774", "revid": "1677693", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99774", "title": "Fiesta Bowl", "text": "The Fiesta Bowl is an American college football bowl game at the University of Phoenix Stadium near Phoenix, Arizona. It is the newest of the BCS games, as it was first played in 1971. It has usually matched a team from the Western Athletic Conference or the Big 12 against a very good team from another conference."}
+{"id": "99775", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99775", "title": "Sugar Bowl", "text": "The Sugar Bowl is an American college football bowl game at the Louisiana Superdome."}
+{"id": "99776", "revid": "888555", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99776", "title": "Uffizi", "text": "The Uffizi Gallery (Italian: \"Galleria degli Uffizi\"), is one of the oldest and most famous art museums in the world. It is housed in the Palazzo degli Uffizi which means the \"Palace of Offices\" in Florence, Italy. \nThe museum and its history.\nIn 1560, Cosimo I de' Medici, the Duke of Tuscany, ordered a design of new office buildings for the magistrates of Florence. This is why the building is called the \"Uffizi\" (\"offices\"). The designer was Giorgio Vasari and the buildings were continued by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti and finished in 1581. \nThe offices are in two parts which face each other across a courtyard. One end opens onto the town square and the other opens onto the River Arno. Varsari designed a sort of screen, like a backdrop in an Ancient Greek theatre. It has arches through which the view of the river can be seen. \nDuke Cosimo had a plan to arrange that finest works of art in the Medici families' collections on the upper floor. This was not done until the time of Francesco I. He also commissioned Buontalenti to design the most the famous room in the Uffizi, an octagonal room called the \"Tribune\" \"of the Uffizi\". This room contained many of the best paintings. Rich people would often send their sons on a \"Grand Tour\" of Europe. The Tribune of the Uffizi was one of the important sights on the tour. At first, people could only see the gallery by \"request\". (They would ask politely and perhaps be shown around.) The last Medici heiress, Anna Maria Lodovica, made an agreement with the city of Florence. In 1765 the Uffizi Gallery was officially opened to the public. \nThe collection of artworks is so large that some of the works are in other museums in Florence. Many of the statues are in the Bargello. Today the Uffizi is one of the most popular tourist attractions of Florence. In high season (particularly in July), people sometimes have to wait for five hours.\nThe collections.\nHere are some of the famous paintings:\nThe collection also contains some famous ancient sculptures, such as the \"Two Wrestlers\"."}
+{"id": "99777", "revid": "581219", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99777", "title": "Theater", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99781", "revid": "314522", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99781", "title": "Whitehall", "text": "Whitehall is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main street running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London.\nThe name \"Whitehall\" is often used for governmental administration and as a geographic name for the district around it.\nWhitehall was originally a wide road that ran up to the front of the palace. Trafalgar Square was built at its northern end in the early 19th century. The southernmost part by Parliament Square is named Parliament Street, but there is no longer any obvious difference between the two on the ground. Combined, the streets cover a total distance of about 0.6 mile (1 km)."}
+{"id": "99782", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99782", "title": "Whitehall (disambiguation)", "text": "Whitehall is a street in London. It may also refer to:\nWhitehall is also the name of several places.\nIn the United Kingdom:\nIn Ireland:\nIn the United States of America:"}
+{"id": "99783", "revid": "22027", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99783", "title": "Dawlish Warren", "text": "Dawlish Warren is a small seaside resort. It is near Dawlish on the south coast of Devon, England. It is at the mouth of the Exe Estuary, and has a beach, a National Nature Reserve spanning 505 acres (2\u00a0km\u00b2) and a golf course. There is also one of Europe's largest spits in Dawlish Warren measuring over 1.5miles long and 0.5miles wide. There is a fence running down the centre of the spit to prevent people from wandering and falling into any deep parts of the salt marshes that have accumulated on the inside of the spit."}
+{"id": "99784", "revid": "687081", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99784", "title": "Fuchsia", "text": "Fuchsia is a genus of flowering plants. They are often purplish-red, which is where we get the colour \" fuchsia\". \nFuchsia belongs to the Onagraceae family of flowering plants. Fuchsia has 110 species. It consists mostly of shrubs or small trees. \nThe first, \"Fuchsia triphylla\", was discovered on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) about 1696\u20131697. The discoverer was the French monk and botanist, Charles Plumier, during his third expedition to the Greater Antilles. He named the new genus after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501\u20131566)."}
+{"id": "99786", "revid": "1604351", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99786", "title": "Joseba Sarrionandia", "text": "Joseba Sarrionandia Uribelarrea (born April 13, 1958 in Iurreta, Biscay, Basque Country) is a Basque writer. He has written many poetry books, short stories, and novels. In 1985, Sarrionandia escaped from prison after he was put in for being a member of the Basque armed group ETA. Since then, he has lived in secret but he still writes books. He is one of the best-known contemporary Basque writers.\nBiography.\nSarrionandia studied the Basque language and earned a PhD in Basque Philology from the University of Deusto in Bilbao. He was a Basque language teacher and taught phonetics. His writings were published in a number of Basque magazines. He also translated books by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Konstantino Kavafis, T. S. Eliot and Fernando Pessoa into the Basque language.\nIn 1980, Sarrionandia was arrested by Spanish police for being a member of ETA. He was sentenced to 22 years in prison. In 1985 he escaped from prison with I\u00f1aki Pikaea during a concert in the jail with Basque singer Imanol Larzabal. They hid themselves inside a loudspeaker. The Basque rock group Kortatu wrote the song \"Sarri, Sarri\" in honor of this. He has lived in secret since his escape and writes a lot about exile. \nSarrionandia has written books and poems which have been sung by different Basque singers. There's also an audio book called \"Hau da ene ondasun guzia\" of Sarrionandia reading his own poems as well as many songs performed by different singers.\nOne of his poems.\nThe blacksmith slave\nCaptive in the rainforests of the West\nthey brought you to Rome, slave,\nthey gave you the blacksmith work\nand you make chains.\nThe red iron that you carry out the oven\ncan be adapted as you want,\nyou can make swords\nin order that your people could break the chains,\nbut you, this slave,\nyou make chains, more chains."}
+{"id": "99788", "revid": "293183", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99788", "title": "James II", "text": "James II can mean:"}
+{"id": "99789", "revid": "1690413", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99789", "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants (character)", "text": "SpongeBob SquarePants is the main protagonist of the Nickelodeon cartoon \"SpongeBob SquarePants\". He is a yellow sea sponge who loves his job as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple with his pet snail Gary. SpongeBob was first seen on May 1, 1999 in the show's television pilot (\"Help Wanted\"). He is voiced by Tom Kenny and becomed one of the most famous widely known cartoon characters in USA.\nSpongeBob continues to inspire children of all ages and even adults. To this day, he is seen as a role model for many teenagers age 13-25. His family is his father Harold, his mother Margaret, his uncle Sherm, his uncle Blue, his grandfather Grandpa SquarePants, his grandmother Grandma SquarePants, his grandmother Grandma BubbleBottom, his cousin Stanley, his cousin Larry, his cousin BlackJack, and his cousin Todd.\nRole in \"SpongeBob SquarePants\".\nSpongeBob is a yellow sea sponge. He lives in Bikini Bottom, an underwater town. He loves his job as the Krusty Krab's fry cook. He works for Mr. Krabs, who owns the Krusty Krab. His neighbor Squidward Tentacles works at the Krusty Krab as a cashier. SpongeBob like to fish for jellyfish. He plays karate with his friend Sandy Cheeks. He is also good at blowing bubbles.\nSpongeBob's best friend is his neighbor Patrick Star. SpongeBob lives in a pineapple that is used as a house. He has a snail as a pet named Gary. Because SpongeBob is very happy, he thinks that everyone else around him is too. For example, he likes to be with Squidward, who does not like SpongeBob. SpongeBob wants to get a driver's license at Mrs. Puff's school for driving. However, he has failed every driving test.\nAntagonistic Side.\nSpongeBob is known for having an antagonistic side and plays a villainous role in several episodes, mainly due to annoying Squidward and Mrs. Puff.\nIn \"Help Wanted\", he flung numerous flying burgers at Patrick, not caring that he attacked his best friend (although this may have not been on purpose).\nIn \"Sandy's Rocket\", he caused a helicopter crash prior to the events of the episode, leading to dozens of deaths as shown by graves.\nIn \"CreamBob ConePants\", he and Patrick devoured the residents of Pint Bottom, leaving the town deserted.\nIn \"Hall Monitor\", he pretended to be the \"Open Window Maniac\", causing two people to get scared and run away.\nIn \"Demolition Doofus\", he crashed into cars two times when Mrs. Puff told him to stop.\nIn \"Atlantis SquarePantis\", he made Patrick take a picture of the bubble even though he knew it would get them in trouble."}
+{"id": "99792", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99792", "title": "Science fiction films", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99794", "revid": "40158", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99794", "title": "Science fiction movies", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99795", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99795", "title": "Jedis", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99796", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99796", "title": "Jedi Knight", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99797", "revid": "15612", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99797", "title": "Jedi Knights", "text": ""}
+{"id": "99799", "revid": "86802", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99799", "title": "Lorenzo Milani", "text": "Fr Lorenzo Milani Comparetti (27 May 1923 \u2013 26 June 1967) was a priest of the Catholic Church in Italy. He is best known as an educator of poor children, and being for conscientious objection."}
+{"id": "99806", "revid": "10187995", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99806", "title": "Ariel Rubinstein", "text": "Ariel Rubinstein (born April 13, 1951 in Jerusalem) is an Israeli economist. He is a professor of economics at Tel Aviv University and New York University. Rubinstein writes about game theory.\nHe was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2012."}
+{"id": "99808", "revid": "11980", "url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=99808", "title": "Ariel rubinstein", "text": ""}