Upload Galaxy10 AION-1 benchmark dataset (train/test split)

README.md

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+---
+pretty_name: "Galaxy10 AION-1 Benchmark"
+license: mit
+
+tags:
+  - astronomy
+  - galaxy-morphology
+  - aion
+  - galaxy-zoo
+
+size_categories:
+  - 1K<n<10K
+
+configs:
+  - config_name: default
+    data_files:
+      - split: train
+        path: data/train-*.parquet
+      - split: test
+        path: data/test-*.parquet
+
+dataset_info:
+  features:
+    - name: image_rgb
+      dtype: image
+    - name: ra
+      dtype: float64
+    - name: dec
+      dtype: float64
+    - name: Galaxy10_DECals_index
+      dtype: int64
+    - name: label
+      dtype: int64
+    - name: label_name
+      dtype: string
+    - name: image_bands
+      dtype: binary
+---
+
+# Galaxy10 AION-1 Benchmark
+
+This dataset provides the exact train/test split used to produce the Galaxy Morphology Classification results in the [AION-1 paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.17960) (Table 2, Section 7.2.2) and used in the [AION-Search paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11982).
+
+## Task
+
+Classify galaxy images into 10 morphology classes from [Galaxy Zoo DECaLS](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/2008MNRAS.389.1179L/PUB_HTML):
+
+| Label | Class Name |
+|-------|-----------|
+| 0 | Disturbed Galaxies |
+| 1 | Merging Galaxies |
+| 2 | Round Smooth Galaxies |
+| 3 | In-between Round Smooth Galaxies |
+| 4 | Cigar Shaped Smooth Galaxies |
+| 5 | Barred Spiral Galaxies |
+| 6 | Unbarred Tight Spiral Galaxies |
+| 7 | Unbarred Loose Spiral Galaxies |
+| 8 | Edge-on Galaxies without Bulge |
+| 9 | Edge-on Galaxies with Bulge |
+
+## Splits
+
+| Split | Count | Description |
+|-------|-------|-------------|
+| train | 7,120 | 90% class-stratified split |
+| test | 796 | 10% held-out evaluation set |
+
+These are the exact indices used in the AION-1 paper. The test set produces the accuracy numbers in Table 2.
+
+## Columns
+
+| Column | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `image_rgb` | image | 256x256x3 uint8 RGB from Galaxy10_DECals.h5 (PNG) |
+| `ra` | float64 | Right ascension (degrees) |
+| `dec` | float64 | Declination (degrees) |
+| `Galaxy10_DECals_index` | int64 | Row index into Galaxy10_DECals.h5 |
+| `label` | int64 | Morphology class (0-9) |
+| `label_name` | string | Human-readable class name |
+| `image_bands` | binary | 96x96 4-band (g,r,i,z) float32 cutout from Legacy Survey DR10 |
+
+### Reconstructing `image_bands`
+
+The `image_bands` column stores raw float32 flux values as bytes. To reconstruct:
+
+```python
+import numpy as np
+cutout = np.frombuffer(row["image_bands"], dtype=np.float32).reshape(4, 96, 96)
+# cutout[0] = g-band, cutout[1] = r-band, cutout[2] = i-band, cutout[3] = z-band
+```
+
+### Using with AION-1
+
+To tokenize with the AION codec and compute embeddings:
+
+```python
+import torch
+from aion.codecs import CodecManager
+from aion.modalities import LegacySurveyImage
+from aion.model import AION
+
+codec_manager = CodecManager(device="cuda")
+model = AION.from_pretrained("polymathic-ai/aion-base").to("cuda").eval()
+
+cutout = np.frombuffer(row["image_bands"], dtype=np.float32).reshape(4, 96, 96)
+image_flux = torch.tensor(cutout).unsqueeze(0).to("cuda")
+image = LegacySurveyImage(flux=image_flux, bands=["DES-G", "DES-R", "DES-I", "DES-Z"])
+tokens = codec_manager.encode(image)
+embeddings = model.encode({"tok_image": tokens["tok_image"]}, num_encoder_tokens=600)
+mean_embedding = embeddings.mean(dim=1)  # (1, 768)
+```
+
+## AION-1 Paper Results (Table 2)
+
+| Model | Accuracy (%) |
+|-------|-------------|
+| AION-B | 84.0 |
+| AION-L | 87.2 |
+| AION-XL | 86.5 |
+| Oquab et al. (2023) | 71.4 |
+| EfficientNet | 80.0 |
+| Walmsley et al. (2022) | 89.6 |
+| AION-Search | X |
+
+## Data Sources
+
+- **Galaxy10_DECals.h5**: Galaxy Zoo 10 catalog ([Leung and Bovy, 2018](https://astronn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/galaxy10.html); [Walmsley et al., 2022](https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/509/3/3966/6378289))
+- **4-band cutouts**: Downloaded from [ALASKY](https://aladin.cds.unistra.fr/) via CDS HiPS2FITS at 0.262 arcsec/pixel
+
+The underlying image data is from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys and Galaxy Zoo, subject to their respective data-use policies.

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