context stringlengths 158 2.13k | question stringlengths 13 202 | answers.text list | answers.answer_start list | feat_id list | feat_title list | feat_metadata.split list | feat_metadata.model_in_the_loop list | start_logits list | end_logits list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concerns were raised over whether Levi's Stadium's field was of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl; during the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal, although the field has not had any major issues since. As is customary for Super Bowl games played at natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf. NFL and Atlanta Braves field director Ed Mangan stated that the field was in "great shape" for gameday. However, the turf showed problem throughout the game, with a number of players needing to change their cleats during the game and player slipping during plays all throughout the game. | Why did Justin Tucker miss a field goal? | [
"a portion of the turf collapsed"
] | [
258
] | [
"cb10071bf6f0ad9d2e1d6b4dcc6fd64a80dfda43"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Luther's 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, "Vater unser im Himmelreich", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism, with one stanza for each of the seven prayer petitions, plus opening and closing stanzas. The hymn functioned both as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on specific catechism questions. The extant manuscript shows multiple revisions, demonstrating Luther's concern to clarify and strengthen the text and to provide an appropriately prayerful tune. Other 16th- and 20th-century versifications of the Lord's Prayer have adopted Luther's tune, although modern texts are considerably shorter. | What was smaller in length to Luther's melody? | [
"modern texts"
] | [
659
] | [
"05d2eaac749e109eee78ea238dfb287849d3598a"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (αβ) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The conditions that produce responses from γδ T cells are not fully understood. Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T cells, γδ T cells straddle the border between innate and adaptive immunity. On one hand, γδ T cells are a component of adaptive immunity as they rearrange TCR genes to produce receptor diversity and can also develop a memory phenotype. On the other hand, the various subsets are also part of the innate immune system, as restricted TCR or NK receptors may be used as pattern recognition receptors. For example, large numbers of human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes, and highly restricted Vδ1+ T cells in epithelia respond to stressed epithelial cells. | Which of the following is not a type of T cell: adaptive, helper, or cytotoxic? | [
"adaptive"
] | [
507
] | [
"7e26364b1089c515c4534fc13905274817e6b35f"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-5.8515625,
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The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon. It was 33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and stood 363 feet (110.6 m) tall with its 96,800-pound (43,900 kg) lunar payload. Its capability grew to 103,600 pounds (47,000 kg) for the later advanced lunar landings. The S-IC first stage burned RP-1/LOX for a rated thrust of 7,500,000 pounds-force (33,400 kN), which was upgraded to 7,610,000 pounds-force (33,900 kN). The second and third stages burned liquid hydrogen, and the third stage was a modified version of the S-IVB, with thrust increased to 230,000 lbf (1,020 kN) and capability to restart the engine for translunar injection after reaching a parking orbit. | Whit a diameter of 33 feet, how tall was the CSM and LM in meters? | [
"110.6 m"
] | [
141
] | [
"9f72f10a8606fb3dc5dc1df7f5abddf1820e1dff"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority. The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities. | Who interacts with students that may have different abilities? | [
"The teacher"
] | [
166
] | [
"b4b03d25f690fdd0db7e7a14435cb15cfb4b4a7f"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars, and contained some of the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Fresno Water Tower, the Bank of Italy Building, the Pacific Southwest Building, the San Joaquin Light & Power Building (currently known as the Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel (burned down), to name a few. | What is the past name for the architectural building listed by the pasage that houses a utility company? | [
"San Joaquin Light & Power Building"
] | [
386
] | [
"5f0640c8ca12f9b6ea785561b7151382faf86f29"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972-74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28 floor Riverplace Tower which, when completed in 1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world. | Of all buildings mentioned, which has an odd-numbered amount of floors? | [
"Wells Fargo Center"
] | [
233
] | [
"73dbb4f54f156836f95a0b897e01993e34666507"
] | [
"Jacksonville,_Florida"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-10.3984375,
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-10... | [
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Chloroplasts are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell. They are considered to have originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis—when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that became a permanent resident in the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have come from a similar event, where an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed. This origin of chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae. | The Russian biologist's work followed? | [
"Andreas Schimper"
] | [
475
] | [
"dac24096c61a45f06127e13c1af3794c875d19cb"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.1484375,
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-10.75,
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-9.0937... |
The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence that CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect. They predict that under a "business as usual" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century. They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more. | What do politicians in Washington say if they are unwilling to make changes to laws? | [
"business as usual"
] | [
424
] | [
"d124fe741d40170308ef5923fe319525405a76a5"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.2890625,
-9.890625,
-10.515625,
-10.546875,
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-9.25,
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-6.679... | [
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The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders and deacons and are appointed to various ministries. Elders in the United Methodist Church itenerate and are subject to the authority and appointment of their bishops. They generally serve as pastors in local congregations. Deacons are in service ministry and may serve as musicians, liturgists, educators, business administrators, and a number of other areas. Elders and deacons are required to obtain a master's degree (generally an M.Div.), or another equivalent degree, before commissioning and then ultimately ordination. Elders in full connection are each a member of their Annual Conference Order of Elders. Likewise each deacon in full connection is a member of their Annual Conference Order of Deacons. | Which of the following is not a role deacons play: musicians, business administrators, or bishops? | [
"bishops"
] | [
300
] | [
"5e3578065c1ff63b3a9b03e89a932c1fe281cec2"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-11.046875,
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Throughout its history, the United Methodist Church has placed great emphasis on the importance of education. As such, the United Methodist Church established and is affiliated with around one hundred colleges and universities in the United States, including Syracuse University, Boston University, Emory University, Duke University, Drew University, University of Denver, University of Evansville, and Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities. The church operates three hundred sixty schools and institutions overseas. | What organization might have started the association of schools? | [
"the United Methodist Church"
] | [
24
] | [
"c2637e5725c5557dbec879c84b308216e69aa782"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-10.1796875,
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-10.5625,
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-11.078125,
-11.14062... |
On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin's flight, many congressmen pledged their support for a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up. Kennedy was circumspect in his response to the news, refusing to make a commitment on America's response to the Soviets. | American fears about being left behind were addressed by whom? | [
"many congressmen"
] | [
294
] | [
"1ff36402106a6c954b545f6efcef584e40cdfcad"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.4375,
-10.3125,
-9.625,
-10.1796875,
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-6.13... | [
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It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press. Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe. | The language that is the official language of the Roman Catholic Church is? | [
"Latin"
] | [
83
] | [
"b34bf361a24c03a2569e4e24c38a9e1051aed00f"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.6328125,
-9.453125,
-10.1484375,
-9.53125,
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The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism, are a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life. Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments, therefore, has clear eschatological overtones, which, characteristically for Luther, do not encourage world-flight but direct the Christian to service to the neighbor in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world. | When should service to the neighbor be completed? | [
"in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world"
] | [
437
] | [
"ba4521987bbf028c1312fc024d78f6a09927b911"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives, concluding with the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway. In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway. This was the first public steam railway in the world and then in 1829, he built The Rocket which was entered in and won the Rainhill Trials. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened in 1830 making exclusive use of steam power for both passenger and freight trains. | What was special of Middleton Railway? | [
"edge railed rack and pinion"
] | [
223
] | [
"6e7b75cf9854d36c31218685a711bba4ebc803a0"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Luther had published his German translation of the New Testament in 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534, when the whole Bible was published. He continued to work on refining the translation until the end of his life. Others had translated the Bible into German, but Luther tailored his translation to his own doctrine. When he was criticised for inserting the word "alone" after "faith" in Romans 3:28, he replied in part: "[T]he text itself and the meaning of St. Paul urgently require and demand it. For in that very passage he is dealing with the main point of Christian doctrine, namely, that we are justified by faith in Christ without any works of the Law. ... But when works are so completely cut away – and that must mean that faith alone justifies – whoever would speak plainly and clearly about this cutting away of works will have to say, 'Faith alone justifies us, and not works'." | Which of the following words was not originally part of Romans 3:28: alone or faith? | [
"alone"
] | [
420
] | [
"3876439f93e2976bd7f124d0de4cc7950b817621"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
Apicomplexans are another group of chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast. They were once thought to be related to the helicosproidia, but it is now known that the helicosproida are green algae rather than chromalveolates. The apicomplexans include Plasmodium, the malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast called an apicoplast, which they inherited from their ancestors. Other apicomplexans like Cryptosporidium have lost the chloroplast completely. Apicomplexans store their energy in amylopectin starch granules that are located in their cytoplasm, even though they are nonphotosynthetic. | what type of organism is helicosproidia | [
"green algae"
] | [
245
] | [
"f68cbda281c6e9bd87c6f7506fb64059fdc9f1ee"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial double membrane. This is not a valid comparison—the inner mitochondria membrane is used to run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to generate ATP energy. The only chloroplast structure that can considered analogous to it is the internal thylakoid system. Even so, in terms of "in-out", the direction of chloroplast H+ ion flow is in the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. In addition, in terms of function, the inner chloroplast membrane, which regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials, has no counterpart in the mitochondrion. | Which is the relationship between the direction of ion flow in the thylakoid and ion flow across the mitochondrial membrane? | [
"opposite"
] | [
438
] | [
"56076bd0f60b22df20b44420b5050f9d9901f772"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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An oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine which does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder. Instead of valves, the entire cylinder rocks, or oscillates, such that one or more holes in the cylinder line up with holes in a fixed port face or in the pivot mounting (trunnion). These engines are mainly used in toys and models, because of their simplicity, but have also been used in full size working engines, mainly on ships where their compactness is valued.[citation needed] | What aspect of an oscillating steam engine would be considered very beneficial for use in small spaces? | [
"compactness"
] | [
506
] | [
"6f74696bf0dbf0f613190e68db4b3887f0629496"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.8359375,
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Luther is honoured on 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints. In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October. | When is Luther honored in the US? | [
"18 February"
] | [
22
] | [
"2691041ea348642ab7b98a824e43a2acdedf921a"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.3671875,
-10.4453125,
-10.4375,
-10.5,
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-5.4687... | [
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A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides. The B cell then displays these antigenic peptides on its surface MHC class II molecules. This combination of MHC and antigen attracts a matching helper T cell, which releases lymphokines and activates the B cell. As the activated B cell then begins to divide, its offspring (plasma cells) secrete millions of copies of the antibody that recognizes this antigen. These antibodies circulate in blood plasma and lymph, bind to pathogens expressing the antigen and mark them for destruction by complement activation or for uptake and destruction by phagocytes. Antibodies can also neutralize challenges directly, by binding to bacterial toxins or by interfering with the receptors that viruses and bacteria use to infect cells. | What does a B cell required to do before displaying the antigenic peptides? | [
"processed by proteolysis into peptides"
] | [
157
] | [
"2e98067a66f5d02e53e1b94525a3fb7baf5e37b5"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.921875,
-10.3671875,
-10.8828125,
-10.375,
-10.359375,
-10.65625,
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-2.07421875,... |
In 2010, Newcastle was positioned ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK. There are several major shopping areas in Newcastle City Centre. The largest of these is the Eldon Square Shopping Centre, one of the largest city centre shopping complexes in the UK. It incorporates a flagship Debenhams store as well as one of the largest John Lewis stores in the UK. John Lewis is still known to many in Newcastle as Bainbridges. Newcastle store Bainbridge's, opened in 1838, is often cited as the world’s first department store. Emerson Bainbridge (1817–1892), a pioneer and the founder of Bainbridges, sold goods via department, a new for merchant custom for that time. The Bainbridge’s official ledgers reported revenue by department, giving birth to the name department store. Eldon Square is currently undergoing a full redevelopment. A new bus station, replacing the old underground bus station, was officially opened in March 2007. The wing of the centre, including the undercover Green Market, near Grainger Street was demolished in 2007 so that the area could be redeveloped. This was completed in February 2010 with the opening of a flagship Debenhams department store as well as other major stores including Apple, Hollister and Guess. | Who was born in the year that immediately precedes 1818? | [
"Emerson Bainbridge"
] | [
540
] | [
"4f584bbb55a142673680c6734ac6a7a93e3adb95"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.6875,
-10.6796875,
-10.828125,
-11.0703125,
-10.953125,
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The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the church. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline which is revised after each General Conference. Non-legislative resolutions are recorded in the Book of Resolutions, which is published after each General Conference, and expire after eight years unless passed again by a subsequent session of General Conference. The last General Conference was held in Tampa, Florida, in 2012. The event is currently rotated between the U.S. jurisdictions of the church. The 2016 General Conference will be in Portland, Oregon. Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church as this authority is reserved solely for the General Conference in accordance with the Book of Discipline. | What is rotated? | [
"General Conference"
] | [
91
] | [
"92478f84bc5e6f91c9479742bda0fab6fcfe5a57"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.2734375,
-10.265625,
-10.5703125,
-10.9609375,
-10.7265625,
-9.1015625,
-8.3671875,
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-7.6640625,
-9.21875,
-9.8125,
-10.0546875,
-7.73828125,
-6.63671875,
-9.5234375... | [
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The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors. The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division. The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions. | What sort of Bachelor degree can you get besides Science? | [
"Bachelor of Arts"
] | [
48
] | [
"9528f87192b21d176c5d12b68468605acf845ed3"
] | [
"University_of_Chicago"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-10.25,
-10.890625,
-11.1875,
-11.0625,
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The mermaid (syrenka) is Warsaw's symbol and can be found on statues throughout the city and on the city's coat of arms. This imagery has been in use since at least the mid-14th century. The oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw is from the year 1390, consisting of a round seal bordered with the Latin inscription Sigilium Civitatis Varsoviensis (Seal of the city of Warsaw). City records as far back as 1609 document the use of a crude form of a sea monster with a female upper body and holding a sword in its claws. In 1653 the poet Zygmunt Laukowski asks the question: | Along with statutes, how else is the mermaid utilized in Warsaw? | [
"on the city's coat of arms"
] | [
93
] | [
"a30bb48102bbe348524aa3cd11b4a00ff6bd8681"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.6015625,
-9.8046875,
-9.953125,
-9.796875,
-10.96875,
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-10.5703125,
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-10,
-9.7265625,
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-7.05078125,
... |
On 8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels. It was proposed that these channels would offer a range of content from the BSkyB portfolio including sport (including English Premier League Football), films, entertainment and news. The announcement came a day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform, and on the same day that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media. However, industry sources believe BSkyB will be forced to shelve plans to withdraw its channels from Freeview and replace them with subscription channels, due to possible lost advertising revenue. | What range of content does BSkyB offer besides films, sport, and news? | [
"entertainment"
] | [
305
] | [
"3096fc6115a32894d1dab2515d4f7c5149b75612"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-9.875,
-10.81... | [
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Jochi died in 1226, during his father's lifetime. Some scholars, notably Ratchnevsky, have commented on the possibility that Jochi was secretly poisoned by an order from Genghis Khan. Rashid al-Din reports that the great Khan sent for his sons in the spring of 1223, and while his brothers heeded the order, Jochi remained in Khorasan. Juzjani suggests that the disagreement arose from a quarrel between Jochi and his brothers in the siege of Urgench. Jochi had attempted to protect Urgench from destruction, as it belonged to territory allocated to him as a fief. He concludes his story with the clearly apocryphal statement by Jochi: "Genghis Khan is mad to have massacred so many people and laid waste so many lands. I would be doing a service if I killed my father when he is hunting, made an alliance with Sultan Muhammad, brought this land to life and gave assistance and support to the Muslims." Juzjani claims that it was in response to hearing of these plans that Genghis Khan ordered his son secretly poisoned; however, as Sultan Muhammad was already dead in 1223, the accuracy of this story is questionable. | Why did Jochi not travel with his brothers when sent for by his father? | [
"disagreement arose from a quarrel between Jochi and his brothers in the siege of Urgench"
] | [
362
] | [
"4e34de5a0de7f99369ee53f291cc703933fa4d51"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-7.0078125,
-10.2421875,
-10.1953125,
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-10.046875,
-8.0234375,
-... | [
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-8.1953125,
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-10.5859375,
-10.359... |
Although Kenya is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region, manufacturing still accounts for only 14% of the GDP. Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres, Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, is dominated by food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane crushing, and the fabrication of consumer goods, e.g., vehicles from kits. There is a cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery that processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market. In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sector commonly referred to as Jua Kali engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements.[citation needed] | Where would you find the pracice of Jua Kali? | [
"Kenya"
] | [
9
] | [
"56b742ee40dcad05eb8414abad9999dadec9bec8"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-7.79296875,
-10.1796875,
-10.546875,
-10.3828125,
-10.359375,
-10.09375,
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-10.3984375,
-9.6953125,
-9.140625,
-8.3046875,
-10.6484375,
-9.765625... | [
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-11.109375,
-10.8828125,
-10.0859375,
-10.3671875,
-9.19531... |
A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties, instead of maize, in particularly dry areas. Pigeon peas are very drought resistant, so can be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall. Successive projects encouraged the commercialisation of legumes, by stimulating the growth of local seed production and agro-dealer networks for distribution and marketing. This work, which included linking producers to wholesalers, helped to increase local producer prices by 20–25% in Nairobi and Mombasa. The commercialisation of the pigeon pea is now enabling some farmers to buy assets, ranging from mobile phones to productive land and livestock, and is opening pathways for them to move out of poverty. | Which agricultural crop is considered by the passage to be practical to grow during droughts? | [
"Pigeon peas"
] | [
215
] | [
"b735638f69beafa5169a7aff28e3e65e37067132"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-5.75... | [
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John Paul II's visits to his native country in 1979 and 1983 brought support to the budding solidarity movement and encouraged the growing anti-communist fervor there. In 1979, less than a year after becoming pope, John Paul celebrated Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw and ended his sermon with a call to "renew the face" of Poland: Let Thy Spirit descend! Let Thy Spirit descend and renew the face of the land! This land! These words were very meaningful for the Polish citizens who understood them as the incentive for the democratic changes. | People listened to? | [
"John Paul"
] | [
215
] | [
"9db126818281d8461fc42e1dff4f8e0ee28bd51c"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report. The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in "social and political action," declared that "To perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures." The report has since been used to justify decisions such as the university's refusal to divest from South Africa in the 1980s and Darfur in the late 2000s. | Which happened first, the Kalven Report, or the university's refusal to divest from South Africa? | [
"the Kalven Report"
] | [
295
] | [
"238236d5e2bfed893a1dc321ad5dca5bf0cb21fd"
] | [
"University_of_Chicago"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-1... |
The United Methodist Church, along with other Methodist churches, condemns capital punishment, saying that it cannot accept retribution or social vengeance as a reason for taking human life. The Church also holds that the death penalty falls unfairly and unequally upon marginalized persons including the poor, the uneducated, ethnic and religious minorities, and persons with mental and emotional illnesses. The United Methodist Church also believes that Jesus explicitly repudiated the lex talionis in Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7. The General Conference of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment and for governments to enact an immediate moratorium on carrying out the death penalty sentence. | The Son of God distances himself ( in the book of Matthew) from this death policy explicitly in this chapter and verse? | [
"5:38-39"
] | [
512
] | [
"a54918ea22e5d8fb88b80f3ca9d2454abf5b7688"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-10.71875,
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-10.5546875,
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Pattern recognition receptors are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants, and represent the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity. The complement system and phagocytic cells are also used by most forms of invertebrate life. Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes, and are thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses. | Which one is used to fight to HIV, defensins or RNA interference? | [
"RNA interference"
] | [
444
] | [
"1ccebff96427f9941389ebad715dd9ab283f264d"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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BSkyB initially charged additional subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels. This changed as from 1 July 2007, and now customers that have Sky+ and subscribe to any BSkyB subscription package get Sky+ included at no extra charge. Customers that do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels can still pay a monthly fee to enable Sky+ functions. In January 2010 BSkyB discontinued the Sky+ Box, limited the standard Sky Box to Multiroom upgrade only and started to issue the Sky+HD Box as standard, thus giving all new subscribers the functions of Sky+. In February 2011 BSkyB discontinued the non-HD variant of its Multiroom box, offering a smaller version of the SkyHD box without Sky+ functionality. In September 2007, Sky launched a new TV advertising campaign targeting Sky+ at women. As of 31 March 2008, Sky had 3,393,000 Sky+ users. | What is another name for Sky? | [
"BSkyB"
] | [
0
] | [
"d82c56933500a027f985be09560d0bf3090dca7a"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-10.78125,
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Like mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy. The two photosystems capture light energy to energize electrons taken from water, and release them down an electron transport chain. The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, creating a concentration gradient, with more hydrogen ions (up to a thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma. The hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase. ATP synthase uses the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Because chloroplast ATP synthase projects out into the stroma, the ATP is synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions. | What is utilized? | [
"electrons' energy"
] | [
307
] | [
"5a119740cd7e3f2bce5deaf06e6c5c30e3c5168f"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-10.734375,
-10.8671875,
-11.1953125,
-10.8984375,
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-5.81640625,
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... |
On the other hand, Luther also points out that the Ten Commandments – when considered not as God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will, that is, of the natural law – also positively teach how the Christian ought to live. This has traditionally been called the "third use of the law." For Luther, also Christ's life, when understood as an example, is nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments, which a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis. | What should be an example for a Christian to model their life after? | [
"Christ's life"
] | [
326
] | [
"4570f06d842c3e8ace99b27d65ee8325f6c8bb30"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism, to be memorised by the people themselves. The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional and devotional material on the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers in the catechism so that the basics of Christian faith would not just be learned by rote, "the way monkeys do it", but understood. | What did Luther NOT want for his readers? | [
"be learned by rote"
] | [
553
] | [
"1ec933e7c69b6bb8725eb3c53adf636ccfd8c40e"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Genghis Khan is regarded as one of the prominent leaders in Mongolia's history. He is responsible for the emergence of the Mongols as a political and ethnic identity because there was no unified identity between the tribes that had cultural similarity. He reinforced many Mongol traditions and provided stability and unity during a time of almost endemic warfare between tribes. He is also given credit for the introduction of the traditional Mongolian script and the creation of the Ikh Zasag (Great Administration), the first written Mongolian law. "Ikh Zasag law adopted during Genghis Khan’s time in Mongolia had points to punish illegal matters related to corruption and bribery very heavily," Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj noted. President Elbegdorj sees Genghis Khan as a leader from whom to learn for anti-corruption efforts as Genghis Khan sought equal protection under the law for all citizens regardless of status or wealth. "Chinggis (Genghis Khan)...was a man who deeply realized that the justice begins and consolidates with the equality of law, and not with the distinctions between people. He was a man who knew that the good laws and rules lived longer than fancy palaces," Elbegdorj said in his speech on the 850th anniversary of Chinggis Khaan's birth. In summary, Mongolians see him as the fundamental figure in the founding of the Mongol Empire and therefore the basis for Mongolia as a country. | Of the men mentioned, who was younger? | [
"President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj"
] | [
709
] | [
"3aea75b0f5f6f207a9c620c0985ad2cd97239be0"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
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Official corporal punishment, often by caning, remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries. For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment. | It is implied that in some countries not listed in the passage, corporal punishment is not done in an approved way, also referred to as? | [
"Official"
] | [
0
] | [
"0b9b585e1dbd72c893aa33637d41913e576794a2"
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"Teacher"
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Free oxygen also occurs in solution in the world's water bodies. The increased solubility of O2 at lower temperatures (see Physical properties) has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content. Water polluted with plant nutrients such as nitrates or phosphates may stimulate growth of algae by a process called eutrophication and the decay of these organisms and other biomaterials may reduce amounts of O2 in eutrophic water bodies. Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O2 needed to restore it to a normal concentration. | What temperature is better for aquatic animals? | [
"lower"
] | [
99
] | [
"3349132e0537c5df4e2838f117a303181f01b88c"
] | [
"Oxygen"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states, as well as commercial centres in Persia, Arabia, and even India. By the 15th-century, Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa claimed that "Mombasa is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour in which there are always moored small craft of many kinds and also great ships, both of which are bound from Sofala and others which come from Cambay and Melinde and others which sail to the island of Zanzibar." | What is the "both" which are bound from Sofala? | [
"small craft of many kinds and also great ships"
] | [
334
] | [
"550331590466d9d9405ed7c5d558efa36510db5f"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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Salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers ranged from £20,133 to £41,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities. Preschool teachers may earn £20,980 annually.[citation needed] Teachers in state schools must have at least a bachelor's degree, complete an approved teacher education program, and be licensed. | What does working longer often allow to happen? | [
"salaries can go much higher"
] | [
124
] | [
"8a37988a7fabda04c943fa6ceb1ef1bacffc9118"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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In 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. Watt's ten-horsepower engines enabled a wide range of manufacturing machinery to be powered. The engines could be sited anywhere that water and coal or wood fuel could be obtained. By 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution, allowing factories to locate where water power was unavailable. The atmospheric engines of Newcomen and Watt were large compared to the amount of power they produced, but high pressure steam engines were light enough to be applied to vehicles such as traction engines and the railway locomotives. | If you had water and coal or wood fuel, what could be done? | [
"engines could be sited"
] | [
180
] | [
"49ba62fdf882ad689d6ce29f63c7194d33bdf840"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary. In North Carolina, WBT (1110 AM) will carry the game, with Mick Mixon on play-by-play and Eugene Robinson and Jim Szoke on color commentary. WBT will also simulcast the game on its sister station WBT-FM (99.3 FM), which is based in Chester, South Carolina. As KOA and WBT are both clear-channel stations, the local broadcasts will be audible over much of the western United States after sunset (for Denver) and the eastern United States throughout the game (for Carolina). In accordance with contractual rules, the rest of the stations in the Broncos and Panthers radio networks will either carry the Westwood One feed or not carry the game at all. | who is broadcasting the game in Denver? | [
"KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM)"
] | [
120
] | [
"73310f1cf8e9139d5c6df1d19d15e6dc44c7f51b"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In the Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families. They were so called because they worked on the keels, boats that were used to transfer coal from the river banks to the waiting colliers, for export to London and elsewhere. In the 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague, more than one-third of the population. Specifically within the year 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic; this may also have been the most devastating loss in any British City in this period. | What moved on keels? | [
"coal"
] | [
219
] | [
"9c1cf616b8e2a684d39745b074342f2f4b8bbb45"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose. Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge. | What was it called in 2015? | [
"game's media day"
] | [
4
] | [
"cf7e4f6da88ce52b26888ebbf1872c60221882e8"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835 and was Newcastle's first indoor market. At the time of its opening in 1835 it was said to be one of the largest and most beautiful markets in Europe. The opening was celebrated with a grand dinner attended by 2000 guests, and the Laing Art Gallery has a painting of this event. With the exception of the timber roof which was destroyed by a fire in 1901 and replaced by latticed-steel arches the Market is largely in its original condition. The Grainger Market architecture, like most in Grainger Town, which are either grade I or II listed, was listed grade I in 1954 by English Heritage. | The Grainger Market did not receive which grade? | [
"II"
] | [
678
] | [
"8dfdc2547c4bdfefef01d3de103d2b3f009b91d7"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville; this may be the earliest recorded name for that area. | The Mocama do not belong to which larger group? | [
"Europeans"
] | [
464
] | [
"18f789db9d1b7d0a91e0fd58b645a7f24089f12e"
] | [
"Jacksonville,_Florida"
] | [
"validation"
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Breathing pure O2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits, or in early spacecraft such as Apollo, causes no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O2 partial pressure in the breathing gas is, in general, about 30 kPa (1.4 times normal), and the resulting O2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood is only marginally more than normal sea-level O2 partial pressure (for more information on this, see space suit and arterial blood gas). | What is Apollo? | [
"early spacecraft"
] | [
83
] | [
"97840bf6ddb56765256dfbe6dbc7ec7d7f9058bd"
] | [
"Oxygen"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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The catechism is one of Luther's most personal works. "Regarding the plan to collect my writings in volumes," he wrote, "I am quite cool and not at all eager about it because, roused by a Saturnian hunger, I would rather see them all devoured. For I acknowledge none of them to be really a book of mine, except perhaps the Bondage of the Will and the Catechism." The Small Catechism has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching. It remains in use today, along with Luther's hymns and his translation of the Bible. | Why might Luther's works still be be valued presently? | [
"as a model of clear religious teaching"
] | [
407
] | [
"7829ae188aca16e610eb0325b60303d3ae59ff0a"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release. In principle, this means that any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included. In an area of science where our scientific understanding is rapidly changing, this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science. However, there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report to the next.[citation needed] | If some new scientific finding is reported just after the submission deadline, what will happen to it in respect to the IPCC assessment reports? | [
"cannot be included"
] | [
451
] | [
"3cf1246131eeef64fa415cf488c6b51ebb62d58f"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President. A referendum to vote on the proposed constitution was held on 4 August 2010, and the new constitution passed by a wide margin. Among other things, the new constitution delegates more power to local governments and gives Kenyans a bill of rights. It was promulgated on 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park, accompanied by a 21-gun salute. The event was attended by various African leaders and praised by the international community. As of that day, the new constitution heralding the Second Republic came into force. | This is a what country? | [
"African"
] | [
543
] | [
"b5d6894c7478c9d5fead81aacf58294b748f5975"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth, and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis, on Christmas Eve, 1968. An estimated one-quarter of the population of the world saw—either live or delayed—the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon. The mission and Christmas provided an inspiring end to 1968, which had been a troubled year for the US, marked by Vietnam War protests, race riots, and the assassinations of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. | What planet was seen by one-quarter of the population? | [
"Earth"
] | [
67
] | [
"9f5fffcf7a4a7903da0bf7bda0f934e00aaa8477"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In the autumn of 1991, talks were held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period, from the 1992 season. ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights. ITV had increased its offer from £18m to £34m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid. The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches, while BSkyB paying £304m for the Premier League rights, would give them a monopoly of all live matches, up to 60 per year from the 1992 season. Murdoch described sport as a "battering ram" for pay-television, providing a strong customer base. A few weeks after the deal, ITV went to the High Court to get an injunction as it believed their bid details had been leaked before the decision was taken. ITV also asked the Office of Fair Trading to investigate since it believed Rupert Murdoch's media empire via its newspapers had influenced the deal. A few days later neither action took effect, ITV believed BSkyB was telephoned and informed of its £262m bid, and Premier League advised BSkyB to increase its counter bid. | Murdoch might be associated with which company? | [
"BSkyB"
] | [
413
] | [
"59023e5f16c02083445e47a48d6ea6b048d27b53"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager. | Who, based on the evidence given, is oldest: John Elway or Peyton Manning? | [
"John Elway"
] | [
204
] | [
"e449156c35ccda85fe207849478a3f1d88dc40b9"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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Before Genghis Khan died, he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons. He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states out of all of modern-day China, Korea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and substantial portions of modern Eastern Europe, Russia, and Southwest Asia. Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations. As a result, Genghis Khan and his empire have a fearsome reputation in local histories. | How was the land divided? | [
"khanates"
] | [
93
] | [
"987ba41d788f9e7c113d4f15dbb8bb7023e80714"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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The Hoppings, reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe, takes place on Newcastle Town Moor every June. The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival, which claims to be the UK's biggest free community environmental festival, also takes place every June, in Leazes Park. The Northern Rock Cyclone, a cycling festival, takes place within, or starting from, Newcastle in June. The Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park and in the city's Gay Community in mid July. The Ouseburn Festival, a family oriented weekend festival near the city centre, incorporating a "Family Fun Day" and "Carnival Day", is held in late July. | What is the name of the festival in July that does not have "Family Fun Day"? | [
"The Northern Pride Festival and Parade"
] | [
509
] | [
"0a71a8d46e8d7d18100ad9a889ad8767de482118"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence that CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect. They predict that under a "business as usual" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century. They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more. | what is the first mammal mentioned? | [
"human"
] | [
118
] | [
"30d6bb480d3eb6e8d1d6730fb4b877b88db31aef"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called "Mohammedanism" or "the Turk". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the papacy and other false Christians live." He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny. | what is the first faith mentioned? | [
"Islam"
] | [
108
] | [
"e98d7be685fcea0e537c7b676336f55b8c5c58de"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level. Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity; weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership in the public health sector are largely to blame. According to 2009 estimates, HIV prevalence is about 6.3% of the adult population. However, the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya, as HIV prevalence is declining among young people (ages 15–24) and pregnant women. Kenya had an estimated 15 million cases of malaria in 2006. | Kenyan citizens employed in the health field can be considered what due to preventable diseases? | [
"inadequate"
] | [
339
] | [
"89908f53c8c81afc97dfc7741eaae70f8fcc8454"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The next direct threat to Temüjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols), with whom Jamukha and his followers took refuge. The Naimans did not surrender, although enough sectors again voluntarily sided with Temüjin. In 1201, a khuruldai elected Jamukha as Gür Khan, "universal ruler", a title used by the rulers of the Qara Khitai. Jamukha's assumption of this title was the final breach with Temüjin, and Jamukha formed a coalition of tribes to oppose him. Before the conflict, however, several generals abandoned Jamukha, including Subutai, Jelme's well-known younger brother. After several battles, Jamukha was finally turned over to Temüjin by his own men in 1206. | Who elected the Gur Khan in 1201? | [
"a khuruldai"
] | [
219
] | [
"fc2b7d77b1d933c6cbe7e0285aa539cd1a834faf"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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Endosymbiotic gene transfer is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages. Even if a chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus persist, providing evidence for the lost chloroplast's existence. For example, while diatoms (a heterokontophyte) now have a red algal derived chloroplast, the presence of many green algal genes in the diatom nucleus provide evidence that the diatom ancestor (probably the ancestor of all chromalveolates too) had a green algal derived chloroplast at some point, which was subsequently replaced by the red chloroplast. | what part of the chlorplast is left in the host | [
"the genes"
] | [
146
] | [
"97276ab7d0bfc72397dfd9e0642fbaf22b832592"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
There were tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers and doctors. The Mongol Empire practiced religious tolerance because Mongol tradition had long held that religion was a personal concept, and not subject to law or interference.[citation needed] Sometime before the rise of Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity. Various Mongol tribes were Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian. Religious tolerance was thus a well established concept on the Asian steppe. | Which Khan followed the son of Mary? | [
"Ong"
] | [
315
] | [
"a7ac6df59322f2afca68a8e70aa2d6c2e088654b"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are provided by the WMO, while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary. Annual cash contributions to the Trust Fund are made by the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel, which is also responsible for considering and adopting by consensus the annual budget. The organisation is required to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO. | The IPCC Trust Fund administers? | [
"funding"
] | [
18
] | [
"914b5c800107b71580d0831f486bcabb071b5100"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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At the time of the Marburg Colloquy, Suleiman the Magnificent was besieging Vienna with a vast Ottoman army. Luther had argued against resisting the Turks in his 1518 Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses, provoking accusations of defeatism. He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse that would destroy the antichrist, whom Luther believed to be the papacy, and the Roman Church. He consistently rejected the idea of a Holy War, "as though our people were an army of Christians against the Turks, who were enemies of Christ. This is absolutely contrary to Christ's doctrine and name". On the other hand, in keeping with his doctrine of the two kingdoms, Luther did support non-religious war against the Turks. In 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war. By 1529, in On War against the Turk, he was actively urging Emperor Charles V and the German people to fight a secular war against the Turks. He made clear, however, that the spiritual war against an alien faith was separate, to be waged through prayer and repentance. Around the time of the Siege of Vienna, Luther wrote a prayer for national deliverance from the Turks, asking God to "give to our emperor perpetual victory over our enemies". | Which Luther work began Luther's delve into the arena of war with the Turks? | [
"Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses"
] | [
167
] | [
"14a8e48370489521d6f4a1851ae645860fe13ebf"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of the launch vehicle choice, and recommended in favor of a hybrid EOR-LOR mode. Its consideration of LOR —as well as Houbolt's ceaseless work— played an important role in publicizing the workability of the approach. In late 1961 and early 1962, members of the Manned Spacecraft Center began to come around to support LOR, including the newly hired deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight, Joseph Shea, who became a champion of LOR. The engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) took longer to become convinced of its merits, but their conversion was announced by Wernher von Braun at a briefing in June 1962. | Who was the last group to approve of the EOR-LOR mode? | [
"The engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center"
] | [
762
] | [
"ff73723662e3a55efbca4e1d773540b8288d8ddc"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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He insisted that, since forgiveness was God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error. Christians, he said, must not slacken in following Christ on account of such false assurances. | A group of people that believe in the religion of Christianity are called? | [
"Christians"
] | [
176
] | [
"9e571e221f252710b1324482b130160db20e9167"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity. In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain. | What is a liquid blocking organ that protects the brain? | [
"fluid–brain barriers"
] | [
587
] | [
"38e5177104fb816a2dbaa3c4c626312483ae107a"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In July 1960, NASA Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives at a series of Space Task Group conferences. Preliminary specifications were laid out for a spacecraft with a mission module cabin separate from the command module (piloting and re-entry cabin), and a propulsion and equipment module. On August 30, a feasibility study competition was announced, and on October 25, three study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company. Meanwhile, NASA performed its own in-house spacecraft design studies led by Maxime Faget, to serve as a gauge to judge and monitor the three industry designs. | News was broken at some space conferences by someone known as what, other than his name? | [
"NASA Deputy Administrator"
] | [
14
] | [
"163b85f38e3d82d3481b848dd1b9907724bbed02"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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] | [
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Like many other mainline Protestant denominations in the United States, the United Methodist Church has experienced significant membership losses in recent decades. At the time of its formation, the UMC had about 11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations. In 1975, membership dropped below 10 million for the first time. In 2005, there were about 8 million members in over 34,000 congregations. Membership is concentrated primarily in the Midwest and in the South. Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million. The states with the highest membership rates are Oklahoma, Iowa, Mississippi, West Virginia, and North Carolina. | What is the largest number of congregations UMC ever had? | [
"42,000"
] | [
242
] | [
"d069c7b51bef7339b266ecb21796e8cd885b25c3"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. In the following years the town expanded towards the suburbs. Several private independent districts were established, the property of aristocrats and the gentry, which were ruled by their own laws. Three times between 1655–1658 the city was under siege and three times it was taken and pillaged by the Swedish, Brandenburgian and Transylvanian forces. | King Vasa ruled? | [
"Poland"
] | [
397
] | [
"e82166583481a963af2f7f9f068ab713c7afec86"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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Luther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia. Josel of Rosheim, the Jewish spokesman who tried to help the Jews of Saxony in 1537, later blamed their plight on "that priest whose name was Martin Luther—may his body and soul be bound up in hell!—who wrote and issued many heretical books in which he said that whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition." Josel asked the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of Luther's anti-Jewish works: they refused initially, but did so when a Lutheran pastor in Hochfelden used a sermon to urge his parishioners to murder Jews. Luther's influence persisted after his death. Throughout the 1580s, riots led to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states. | Who preached about murdering the Jewish? | [
"Lutheran pastor in Hochfelden"
] | [
515
] | [
"f1bd1782ef20b916d69cbd5cd4254d5be615252d"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Several commemorative events take place every year. Gatherings of thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer’s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths) have become a tradition and a yearly event in the programme of cultural events in Warsaw. The festival traces its roots to a peaceful pagan ritual where maidens would float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict when they would be married, and to whom. By the 19th century this tradition had become a festive event, and it continues today. The city council organize concerts and other events. Each Midsummer’s Eve, apart from the official floating of wreaths, jumping over fires, looking for the fern flower, there are musical performances, dignitaries' speeches, fairs and fireworks by the river bank. | Where are the beginnings of the festival from? | [
"peaceful pagan ritual"
] | [
310
] | [
"ee33d7cb6b45a23b17a806e0d2bb6c338590536e"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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His poor physical health made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments. His wife Katharina was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude," and he responded, "They are teaching me to be rude." In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church in Halle, staying with his friend Justus Jonas during Christmas. | What was the reason Luther was saying mean things besides the theory he told his wife? | [
"poor physical health"
] | [
4
] | [
"0598214d0c277ceecb49211a38bb680b9a4a4bc5"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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-3.0234375,
5.63281... |
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2% Filipino, 1.2% Laotian, 1.0% Thai, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean), 849 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 111,984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are Mexican, 0.4% Salvadoran, and 0.4% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970. | What was the population density in square km? | [
"1,700.6"
] | [
139
] | [
"cda99cb679bde63fcad519d3daf566bf9bc8d5d9"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-6.78515625,
-10.765625,
-11.046875,
-10.8828125,
-10.4375,
-10.4765625,
-10.578125,
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-3... | [
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-9.625,
-10.296... |
The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly. They can still be found in areas such as South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces, one of each pair of doors led to an upstairs flat while the other led into the ground-floor flat, each of two or three rooms. A new development in the Ouseburn valley has recreated them; Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density without building high and getting rid of common areas. | The black powdery residue that remains after something is burned is called? | [
"Ash"
] | [
510
] | [
"128cb7d8ddbf7e46d46c3a1bca2df5cd3e84bae6"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-7.7265625,
-8.96875,
-7.52734375,
-7.4296875,
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-9.0078125,
-10.609375,
-10.1328125,
-10.296875,
... | [
-7.23046875,
-10.75,
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-10.9453125,
-11.375,
-11.0546875,
-10.... |
Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling and government. Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages. British English is primarily used in the country. Additionally, a distinct local dialect, Kenyan English, is used by some communities and individuals in the country, and contains features unique to it that were derived from local Bantu languages, such as Swahili and Kikuyu. It has been developing since colonisation and also contains certain elements of American English. Sheng is a Swahili-based cant spoken in some urban areas. Primarily consisting of a mixture of Swahili and English, it is an example of linguistic code-switching. | If the two official languages were mixed, what would it be called from a linguistic perspective? | [
"linguistic code-switching"
] | [
916
] | [
"093b47cb66a0fd41c1faf5912ef72aa07824a4c0"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.640625,
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-11.015625,... | [
-9.6875,
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-10.4375,
-... |
The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity. In simple terms, physical barriers prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses from entering the organism. If a pathogen breaches these barriers, the innate immune system provides an immediate, but non-specific response. Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals. If pathogens successfully evade the innate response, vertebrates possess a second layer of protection, the adaptive immune system, which is activated by the innate response. Here, the immune system adapts its response during an infection to improve its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time this pathogen is encountered. | Which layer of the immune system is the least specific in its defense methods? | [
"physical barriers"
] | [
118
] | [
"40deff37160aafb79f112e7dafc7c0fca326ee43"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.875,
-10.3515625,
-10.9296875,
-10.8515625,
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-8.2421875,
-9.34375,
-10.3... | [
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-4.78125,
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-10.359375,
-8.3... |
In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. In the following years the town expanded towards the suburbs. Several private independent districts were established, the property of aristocrats and the gentry, which were ruled by their own laws. Three times between 1655–1658 the city was under siege and three times it was taken and pillaged by the Swedish, Brandenburgian and Transylvanian forces. | Like the cities it was located between, Warsaw was a? | [
"capital"
] | [
337
] | [
"e58e4d510579b627259a4b9c0738f15f57d9a0f9"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.3984375,
-10.421875,
-10.8359375,
-11.0078125,
-10.453125,
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-10.71875,
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-10.734375,
-... | [
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-11.265625,
-10... |
The United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with Christ's message and teachings. Therefore, the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy, to be employed only as a last resort in the prevention of such evils as genocide, brutal suppression of human rights, and unprovoked international aggression. It insists that the first moral duty of all nations is to resolve by peaceful means every dispute that arises between or among them; that human values must outweigh military claims as governments determine their priorities; that the militarization of society must be challenged and stopped; that the manufacture, sale, and deployment of armaments must be reduced and controlled; and that the production, possession, or use of nuclear weapons be condemned. Consequently, the United Methodist Church endorses general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control. | If there is a disagreement between two countries which value should they put before they resort to violence against each other? | [
"human values"
] | [
476
] | [
"ea23d0ded6f83b7908d1dc84c6eb0b33fd2ddcae"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.4921875,
-10.609375,
-10.1015625,
-10.4765625,
-10.34375,
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-10.9687... | [
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-10.6328... |
Genghis Khan realised that he needed people who could govern cities and states conquered by him. He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities. For this purpose Genghis Khan invited a Khitan prince, Chu'Tsai, who worked for the Jin and had been captured by the Mongol army after the Jin dynasty was defeated. Jin had captured power by displacing Khitan. Genghis told Chu'Tsai, who was a lineal descendant of Khitan rulers, that he had avenged Chu'Tsai's forefathers. Chu'Tsai responded that his father served the Jin dynasty honestly and so did he; also he did not consider his own father his enemy, so the question of revenge did not apply. This reply impressed Genghis Khan. Chu'Tsai administered parts of the Mongol Empire and became a confidant of the successive Mongol Khans. | Who, between Genghis and Chu'Tsai, did NOT become a confidant of the Mongol Khans? | [
"Genghis"
] | [
462
] | [
"8005c14e861b8a6e81ec9e235e580117a54b39fd"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-7.1015625,
-10.7109375,
-11.0390625,
-10.4921875,
-9.8203125,
-10.9453125,
-11.296875,
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... | [
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-10.578125,
-10.8... |
The notion "force" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables and though the physics is now described by the Schrödinger equation instead of Newtonian equations. This has the consequence that the results of a measurement are now sometimes "quantized", i.e. they appear in discrete portions. This is, of course, difficult to imagine in the context of "forces". However, the potentials V(x,y,z) or fields, from which the forces generally can be derived, are treated similar to classical position variables, i.e., . | Elements of an equation or even a study that can vary or change are called? | [
"variables"
] | [
563
] | [
"af14c7ea2eb72d7f58479ed36ab1dfdee9d60f18"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.09375,
-10.703125,
-10.59375,
-10.1796875,
-10.6328125,
-10.640625,
-10.7421875,
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-6.234375,
-2.27734375,
-8.0546875,... | [
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-2.078125,
-6.07421875,
... |
It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation seemed not to fully explain. Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found. When Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct than an alternative. | What was GR able to refute the existence of while it corrected the calculation for something else? | [
"Vulcan"
] | [
170
] | [
"92cb85334b0520da5d72a88ec3db59627d776cd8"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.1875,
-10.78125,
-10.875,
-10.546875,
-10.9296875,
-10.8671875,
-10.75,
-10.828125,
-11.0390625,
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-10.5703125,
-11.1171875,
-10.8046875,
-10.890625,
-11.1640625,
-11.1328125,
-9.585937... | [
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-10.6015625,
-10.3125,
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-8.046875,
... |
The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly. They can still be found in areas such as South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces, one of each pair of doors led to an upstairs flat while the other led into the ground-floor flat, each of two or three rooms. A new development in the Ouseburn valley has recreated them; Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density without building high and getting rid of common areas. | The upper part of a house, that can be accessed via a stairwell is referred to as? | [
"upstairs"
] | [
343
] | [
"a28766b6fc97ff36d9573ce07edf16fa2e407000"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.4375,
-8.75,
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Warsaw, especially its city centre (Śródmieście), is home not only to many national institutions and government agencies, but also to many domestic and international companies. In 2006, 304,016 companies were registered in the city. Warsaw's ever-growing business community has been noticed globally, regionally, and nationally. MasterCard Emerging Market Index has noted Warsaw's economic strength and commercial center. Moreover, Warsaw was ranked as the 7th greatest emerging market. Foreign investors' financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro. Warsaw produces 12% of Poland's national income, which in 2008 was 305.1% of the Polish average, per capita (or 160% of the European Union average). The GDP per capita in Warsaw amounted to PLN 94 000 in 2008 (c. EUR 23 800, USD 33 000). Total nominal GDP of the city in 2010 amounted to 191.766 billion PLN, 111696 PLN per capita, which was 301,1 % of Polish average. Warsaw leads the region of East-Central Europe in foreign investment and in 2006, GDP growth met expectations with a level of 6.1%. It also has one of the fastest growing economies, with GDP growth at 6.5 percent in 2007 and 6.1 percent in the first quarter of 2008. | Was GDP growth faster in 2007 or the first quarter of 2008? | [
"2007"
] | [
1189
] | [
"0a7b9e92b2d59c155368eef079e278d7826aebfb"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-10.0390625,
-10.859375,
-10.703125,
-10.7734375,
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-10.9453125,
-10.6796875,
-9.96093... | [
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-10.9140625,
-10.328125,
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-10.875,
... |
Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance. Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel, working environment, expectations to substitute, long hours with a heavy workload, and inspections. Teachers are also at high risk for occupational burnout. | What is occupational stress? | [
"occupational hazards"
] | [
22
] | [
"f9652aede2e5c59f540efb278374860d5018ff15"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.921875,
-9.9921875,
-10.640625,
-9.9453125,
-10.9375,
-10.734375,
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-1.984375,
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As previously arranged by his father, Temüjin married Börte of the Onggirat tribe when he was around 16 in order to cement alliances between their respective tribes. Soon after Börte's marriage to Temüjin, she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife. Temüjin rescued her with the help of his friend and future rival, Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan of the Keraite tribe. She gave birth to a son, Jochi (1185–1226), nine months later, clouding the issue of his parentage. Despite speculation over Jochi, Börte would be Temüjin's only empress, though he did follow tradition by taking several morganatic wives. | How did Temujin meet Borte? | [
"previously arranged by his father"
] | [
3
] | [
"d89ec386d4a799b1231f1ae53314c2eb96eae612"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-6.921875,
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-10.7109375,
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... |
Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by Müntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close. Thereafter, radicalism found a refuge in the anabaptist movement and other religious movements, while Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of the secular powers. | What happened before the execution? | [
"the Battle of Frankenhausen"
] | [
140
] | [
"080197fab51bc7c3de1040c0b413f074d7c0441f"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-3.205078... |
Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs, selected the first Apollo crew in January 1966, with Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele as Pilot. But Eisele dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the KC135 weightlessness training aircraft, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans James McDivitt and David Scott, with rookie Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart. Mercury/Gemini veteran Wally Schirra, Eisele, and rookie Walter Cunningham were announced on September 29 as the prime crew for AS-205. | Who didn't fly on as-204 but should have but then got a chance to fly on as-205? | [
"Eisele"
] | [
669
] | [
"3cb4034c195d48c09c82bac9c50efecaf0f032a9"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... | [
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East and Central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector, boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade, and now[when?] contributes 62% of GDP. 22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75% of the labour force (a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security – an important catalyst of economic growth) A small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry and manufacturing is the smallest sector, accounting for 16% of GDP. The service, industry and manufacturing sectors only employ 25% of the labour force but contribute 75% of GDP. | which section of a continent is mentioned second? | [
"Central"
] | [
9
] | [
"e56a74a7abf81144a97f516f0f8538525527d1df"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Kenya’s armed forces, like many government institutions in the country, have been tainted by corruption allegations. Because the operations of the armed forces have been traditionally cloaked by the ubiquitous blanket of “state security”, the corruption has been less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety. This has changed recently. In what are by Kenyan standards unprecedented revelations, in 2010, credible claims of corruption were made with regard to recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers. Further, the wisdom and prudence of certain decisions of procurement have been publicly questioned. | what shields the military from scrutiny | [
"ubiquitous blanket of “state security”"
] | [
199
] | [
"ef8a158f04992de8a65040a90f8409ebf6f31a46"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.[citation needed] | What profession is being discussed? | [
"teaching"
] | [
74
] | [
"034e136a03b58c394150a0af791c037094b05211"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has gained increased attention, as have ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts. | Who did not immigrate? | [
"indigenous peoples"
] | [
112
] | [
"3aa73bcc49e6d91f86a5dbcb85a6325f4ecf9396"
] | [
"Amazon_rainforest"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.671875,
-9.875,
-10.359375,
-10.5390625,
-10.203125,
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-10.25,
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... |
Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation, and superheaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point, and various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes. When coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a supply bin (bunker) to the firebox. See: Mechanical stoker | The act of adding fuel to a fire is called? | [
"stoking"
] | [
378
] | [
"3443d800d1b938886f2ce780d178f9b8430416d2"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.6640625,
-9.765625,
-10.046875,
-10.21875,
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-10.507... |
In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that "multiple acts" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson also performed. | Who wrote a song with Coldplay? | [
"Beyoncé"
] | [
279
] | [
"5ddee98002ee116ad8ead48fb0efc989173aa4db"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-10.5625,
-10.8984375,
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The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone" – as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the household. In December, the UK’s parliament heard a claim that a subscription to BSkyB was ‘often damaging’, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a "Welfare Cash Card", in the style of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, that could be used to buy only "essentials". | Conservative members of the UK parliament in 2012 argued that a Welfare Cash Card should be used to pay for essentials, not which item being bought by single mothers? | [
"subscription to sports channels"
] | [
245
] | [
"a9aeee72af83a0d8a2820ebdb2b4b2993f037c2d"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-9.8515625,
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Korean economist Hoesung Lee is the chair of the IPCC since October 8, 2015, following the election of the new IPCC Bureau. Before this election, the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli, who was designated acting Chair after the resignation of Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015. The previous chairs were Rajendra K. Pachauri, elected in May 2002; Robert Watson in 1997; and Bert Bolin in 1988. The chair is assisted by an elected bureau including vice-chairs, working group co-chairs, and a secretariat. | Who was the chair of the IPCC immediately before Rajendra K. Pachauri? | [
"Robert Watson"
] | [
364
] | [
"9ed997b24ea8b33e899c1a086bd90a9ffcad5f3c"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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It is possible to use a mechanism based on a pistonless rotary engine such as the Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine. Many such engines have been designed, from the time of James Watt to the present day, but relatively few were actually built and even fewer went into quantity production; see link at bottom of article for more details. The major problem is the difficulty of sealing the rotors to make them steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion; the resulting leakage made them very inefficient. Lack of expansive working, or any means of control of the cutoff is also a serious problem with many such designs.[citation needed] | How popular were the engines? | [
"relatively few were actually built"
] | [
273
] | [
"182aaf5b217988b5080be82ca0c9f5ba5f80444c"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.34375,
-10.0234375,
-10.234375,
-10.1796875,
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-9.1640625,
-10.4375,
-9.5859375,
-9.... | [
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-10... |
Newcastle Mela, held on the late August bank holiday weekend, is an annual two-day multicultural event, blending drama, music and food from Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead also holds an annual International Arts Fair. The 2009 event will be in the Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre in September. In October, there is the Design Event festival—an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers. The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival is also held in early October. | Which festival will not take place in the Music and Arts Centre, SAMA or the International Arts Fair? | [
"SAMA"
] | [
531
] | [
"4a7a114fddefa3ed8f948f42cba83779f0dca76c"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-8.171875,
-10.6953125,
-10.90625,
-10.8125,
-11.0625,
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-10.8515625,
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-11.1796875,
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-9.9921875,
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-10.953125,
-9.671875,... | [
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-9.8984375,
-8.171875,
-10.625,
-7.9140625,
-... |
What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Before Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects. Galileo was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object. Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth is usually designated as and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second squared (this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center of the Earth. This observation means that the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass. Thus an object that has a mass of will experience a force: | What descends to the surface of the planet? | [
"objects"
] | [
129
] | [
"7903c433297aca1d3fa58e16e756031fa3bbb881"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-9.3359375,
-10.21875,
-10.796875,
-10.40625,
-10.3125,
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-7.9375,
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-9.8671875... | [
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-11.15625,
-9.859375,
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-10.359375,
-9.8125,
-10.875,
-10.9375,
-8.5859375,
-5.47265625,
... |
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