context stringlengths 169 4.06k | question stringlengths 12 197 | answers.text list | answers.answer_start list | feat_id list | feat_title list | start_logits list | end_logits list |
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The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and ... | What systems classify trade contractors? | [
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-1
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Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw. She was born Maria Górska in Warsaw to wealthy parents and in 1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz Łempicki. Better than anyone else she represented the Art Deco style in painting and art. Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski... | What profession was Nathan Gorska? | [
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The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism. Physicians received o... | Who were potachi? | [
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There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM ... | There have been insignificant changes in the Amazon rain forest vegetation through the last what | [
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In 2010 a salary survey revealed the differences in remuneration between different roles, sectors and locations in the construction and built environment industry. The results showed that areas of particularly strong growth in the construction industry, such as the Middle East, yield higher average salaries than in the... | Where have some workers made more than $100,000? | [
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This shift has already commenced in some countries; for instance, pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews. In Canada, pharmacists in certain provinces have limited prescribing rights (as in Alberta and British Columbia) or are remu... | Who can't pay Australian pharmacists for doing Home Medicines Reviews? | [
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In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abo... | What was abolished during the apartheid era? | [
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There are hints in the surviving records of the ancient Egyptians that they had some knowledge of prime numbers: the Egyptian fraction expansions in the Rhind papyrus, for instance, have quite different forms for primes and for composites. However, the earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers c... | What does the Sieve of Eratosthenes do? | [
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The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business sc... | What river is located in the vicinity of the school? | [
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The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | What is the region called that is the largest conurbation of the Rhine? | [
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The Normans were in contact with England from an early date. Not only were their original Viking brethren still ravaging the English coasts, they occupied most of the important ports opposite England across the English Channel. This relationship eventually produced closer ties of blood through the marriage of Emma, sis... | When did Richard II flee to Normandy? | [
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With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late ninet... | Which country today is a remnant of the Ottoman empire? | [
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The University of Chicago also maintains facilities apart from its main campus. The university's Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris, a campus located on the left bank of the Seine in Paris, hosts various undergrad... | Which campus is located on the right banks of the Seine? | [
""
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-1
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The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Greg... | What major crop was brought to Japan from the west? | [
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-1
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The mermaid (syrenka) is Warsaw's symbol and can be found on statues throughout the city and on the city's coat of arms. This imagery has been in use since at least the mid-14th century. The oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw is from the year 1390, consisting of a round seal bordered with the Latin inscription Sigili... | When is the oldest armed seal of Warsaw from? | [
"1390",
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245,
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When a person’s capabilities are lowered, they are in some way deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise. An old, ill man cannot earn as much as a healthy young man; gender roles and customs may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that cause... | What happens when a person's capabilities aer raised, as it relates to their income? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc"
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For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | Besides public key cryptography, what is another application for prime numbers? | [
"hash tables and pseudorandom number generators",
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"hash tables",
"hash tables and pseudorandom number generators"
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664,
664,
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664
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For a phylum with relatively few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles, while some oceanic species are so fragile that it is very difficult to capture them intact for study. In addition oceanic species do not pres... | What kind of sediment particles are there? | [
""
] | [
-1
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Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from the usual counterflow cycle where, during each stroke, the port and the cylinder walls will be cooled by the passing exhaust steam, whilst the hotter incoming admission steam will waste some of its energy in restoring working temperature. The aim of the un... | What is the name of a uniflow engine that takes in steam in hot areas and exhausts it in cold? | [
"Quasiturbine",
"Quasiturbine",
"Quasiturbine"
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905,
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"57114aceb654c5140001fc47",
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About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian. Roman Catholics form the single largest religious group in the state with 26.7% of the Victorian population, followed by Anglicans and members of the Uniting Church. Buddhism is the state's largest non-Christian religion, with 168,637 members as of the most re... | What percentage of Victorians are Christian Scientists? | [
""
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-1
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"5a63888168151a001a922340"
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A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT has grown and responsibility has been... | With what body must a pharmacy technician register? | [
"General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) register",
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"the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) register"
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644,
644,
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However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons o... | Besides Africa, where did Ireland have imperial interests? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5ad0383677cf76001a686e38"
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If a problem X is in C and hard for C, then X is said to be complete for C. This means that X is the hardest problem in C. (Since many problems could be equally hard, one might say that X is one of the hardest problems in C.) Thus the class of NP-complete problems contains the most difficult problems in NP, in the sens... | If polynomial time can be utilized within an NP-complete problem, what does the imply P is equal to? | [
"NP",
"NP",
"NP"
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] | [
"56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce",
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Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Nuclear-powered ships and submarines either use a steam turbine directly for main propulsion, with generators providing auxiliary power, or else employ turbo-electric tra... | Where were non-condensing direct-drive locomotives notably used for fast passenger trains? | [
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644,
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Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law." During the Vietnam War, courts typically re... | What did Carter Wentworth hand out in court to escape prosecution? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075"
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The Beroida, also known as Nuda, have no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx, just inside the large mouth and filling most of the saclike body, bears "macrocilia" at the oral end. These fused bundles of several thousand large cilia are able to "bite" off pieces of prey that are too large to swallow whole – almo... | What is one thing cilia don't have? | [
""
] | [
-1
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Today, Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland, as well as an active research and education center. While the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology it is ... | What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe? | [
"Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology",
"Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology",
"Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology"
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These studies were widely presented as demonstrating that the current warming period is exceptional in comparison to temperatures between 1000 and 1900, and the MBH99 based graph featured in publicity. Even at the draft stage, this finding was disputed by contrarians: in May 2000 Fred Singer's Science and Environmental... | What range of years was the current warming compared to? | [
"1000 and 1900",
"between 1000 and 1900",
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138
] | [
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The Normans thereafter adopted the growing feudal doctrines of the rest of France, and worked them into a functional hierarchical system in both Normandy and in England. The new Norman rulers were culturally and ethnically distinct from the old French aristocracy, most of whom traced their lineage to Franks of the Caro... | What was one of the Norman's major imports? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012"
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Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes. During the acute phase of inflammation, partic... | What percentage of leukocytes do neutrophils represent? | [
"50% to 60%",
"50% to 60%",
"50% to 60%"
] | [
226,
226,
226
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"5729081d3f37b31900477fad",
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In the 1840s and 50s, there were attempts to overcome this problem by means of various patent valve gears with a separate, variable cutoff expansion valve riding on the back of the main slide valve; the latter usually had fixed or limited cutoff. The combined setup gave a fair approximation of the ideal events, at the ... | When were attempts made to overcome stationary marketplaces? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8"
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where is the mass of the object, is the velocity of the object and is the distance to the center of the circular path and is the unit vector pointing in the radial direction outwards from the center. This means that the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curv... | Where does the centripetal force come from? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5ad288e1d7d075001a429971"
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Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | When did Western forces invade Iraq? | [
"2003",
"March 2003",
"March 200"
] | [
160,
154,
154
] | [
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8",
"57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8",
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Following the utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number – economic inequality is problematic. A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home than it would to a homeless family of five, is an example of reduced "distributive efficiency" within society, that decrease... | An adobe that provides less utility to one person than another is an example of reduced what? | [
"\"distributive efficiency\"",
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"distributive efficiency"
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266,
266
] | [
"572a0bafaf94a219006aa766",
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Each sitting day, normally at 5 pm, MSPs decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved that day. This "Decision Time" is heralded by the sounding of the division bell, which is heard throughout the Parliamentary campus and alerts MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote. At Decision Time, the ... | How long does it take to know the outcome of a division? | [
"seconds",
"seconds",
"seconds"
] | [
870,
870,
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] | [
"572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf",
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In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that demanded United States schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies". In much of the U.S. South, many white students migra... | What was the primary race of students attending Christian academies after the Brown decision? | [
"white",
"African-American",
"white"
] | [
300,
409,
300
] | [
"572757bef1498d1400e8f693",
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LeGrande writes that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience rapidly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like A... | Le grand states that students studying civil disobedience will often run into grammatical niceties and what other problem? | [
"semantical",
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"a maze of semantical problems"
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Torque is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity for velocity, and angular momentum for momentum. As a consequence of Newton's First Law of Motion, there exists rotational inertia that ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentu... | What is the rotational equivalent of velocity? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad28846d7d075001a429930"
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The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and ... | What are the three construction subsectors? | [
"building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors",
"building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors",
"building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors"
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287,
287,
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The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169. Initially the Normans maintained a distinct culture and ethnicity. Yet, with time, they came to be subsumed into Irish culture to the point that it has been said that they became "more Irish than the Irish themsel... | What castles were built by the Irish? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b"
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The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989 by 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from the legislation covering Social Charter issues unless it agreed to be bound by the legislation. The UK subsequently was the only member state to veto the Social Charter b... | Which member state declined to sign the Social Charter? | [
"UK",
"UK",
"The UK"
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92,
92,
88
] | [
"5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1",
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Whilst the permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. Official photographs and television interviews were held in the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall, which is part of the School of D... | Where was Parliament's temporary home whilst the permanent building was being built? | [
"General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland",
"the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland",
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105,
101,
105
] | [
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For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil. Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit ... | In the 1980s what was the population of the amazon region? | [
"less than 200,000",
"less than 200,000",
"200,000."
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885,
885,
895
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The economy of Victoria is highly diversified: service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing constitute the majority of employment. Victoria's total gross state product (GSP) is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourt... | What city in Victoria is called the cricket ground of Australia? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5a6374de68151a001a9222e9"
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In the United States, the industry in 2014 has around $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau, of which $680 billion is private (split evenly between residential and nonresidential) and the remainder is government. As of 2005, there were about 667,000 firms employing 1 millio... | How many firms were there in 2011? | [
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] | [
-1
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"5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e"
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On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council, and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria. Days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries ... | What did the new railroad in Victoria trigger? | [
""
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-1
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"5a63787868151a001a9222fc"
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At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when ne... | What was French military presence at start of peace? | [
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-1
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In humans, this response is activated by complement binding to antibodies that have attached to these microbes or the binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates on the surfaces of microbes. This recognition signal triggers a rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification that... | What has nothing to do with the speed of the response? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012"
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Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament. Typically each committee corresponds with one (or more) of the departments (or ministries) of the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committe... | What committee corresponds with one or more departments in the Spanish Government? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad039be77cf76001a686e61"
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Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or "Monte Carlo") and deterministic algorithms. Deterministic algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not. For example, trial division is a deterministic algorithm because, if performed... | What is the name of another type of modern algorithm test? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0"
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The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores, currently operating on or near Olive Avenue, and all within a few hundred feet of each other. Since renewal, the Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses... | What communities avoid Tower District? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
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Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales. | Who made Ralph earl? | [
"Edward the Confessor",
"Edward the Confessor",
"Edward the Confessor"
] | [
90,
90,
90
] | [
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The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, ... | What is the trend in skills among architects? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8"
] | [
"Construction"
] | [
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In response to American aid to Israel, on October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel. The following day, oil ministers agreed to the embargo, a cut in production by five percent from September's output and to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments until their ... | What was the announcement made immediately by Kuwait? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
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After Washington had returned to Williamsburg, Dinwiddie ordered him to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work. While en route, Washington learned of Trent's retreat. Since Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with the Mingo leader. Learning of a F... | What were casualties of battle? | [
"Canadians, including their commanding officer",
"many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville",
"many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville",
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512,
500,
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493
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In the arts and entertainment, minimalist composer Philip Glass, dancer, choreographer and leader in the field of dance anthropology Katherine Dunham, Bungie founder and developer of the Halo video game series Alex Seropian, Serial host Sarah Koenig, actor Ed Asner, Pulitzer Prize for Criticism winning film critic and ... | What is the name of the Bungie Inc. founder who is also a university graduate? | [
"Alex Seropian",
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"Alex Seropian"
] | [
210,
210,
210
] | [
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e1",
"57286d7d4b864d19001649e1",
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"University_of_Chicago",
"University_of_Chicago",
"University_of_Chicago"
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Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels. When the researchers' analysis was "applied to the possible scenarios outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on ... | How much lower did researchers suggest sea levels would be in 2100 as compared to 1990? | [
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After the German Invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 began the Second World War, Warsaw was defended till September 27. Central Poland, including Warsaw, came under the rule of the General Government, a German Nazi colonial administration. All higher education institutions were immediately closed and Warsaw's entire... | How much of Europe's population was Jewish? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1"
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Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills and mines; powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles. Their use in agricu... | What did the use of motorcycles in farming lead to? | [
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Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States. | What are the five most populous counties in the United States? | [
""
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-1
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"5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2"
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In literature, author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller "The Closing of the ... | Who won the Pullitzer Prize as well as the Nobel Prize? | [
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] | [
-1
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Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally acce... | Why was the Rhine measurement changed? | [
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Steam engines frequently possess two independent mechanisms for ensuring that the pressure in the boiler does not go too high; one may be adjusted by the user, the second is typically designed as an ultimate fail-safe. Such safety valves traditionally used a simple lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler.... | Along with a desire for more steam pressure, what were early drivers looking to generate when they fastened safety valves down? | [
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Several procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government. The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament upon which MSPs are invited to question. For example, at the beginning of each parliamentary year, the First Minister delivers a statement to the chamber sett... | Whom can the Second Minister deliver statements to? | [
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The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf) (sometimes kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass. The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug (sometimes mug or hyl) is that mass that ... | What is the kilogram-force sometimes reffered to as? | [
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Effects of inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, a lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumptio... | What is lower in countries with more inequality for the top 21 industrialized countries? | [
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Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed. Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same l... | How long has the ongoing tectonic subsidence in the southern North Sea been happening for? | [
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-1
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In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North ... | What ends at this bend in the Rhine? | [
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A function problem is a computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem. | What are other irrelevant examples of a function problem> | [
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] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd"
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While the concept of a "social market economy" was only introduced into EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome 1957. According to the standard theory of comparative advantage, two countries can both benefit from trade even if one of them has a less producti... | When was the concept of a social market economy introduced into EU law? | [
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-4.11328125,
-3.6621093... | [
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In contrast to product requirements or other laws that hinder market access, the Court of Justice developed a presumption that "selling arrangements" would be presumed to not fall into TFEU article 34, if they applied equally to all sellers, and affected them in the same manner in fact. In Keck and Mithouard two import... | Which two importers did not claim that under French competition law, they were prevented from selling Picon beer under wholesale price? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da"
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"European_Union_law"
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The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | How long is the Rhine? | [
"1,230 km (760 mi)",
"1,230 km (760 mi)",
"1,230 km",
"1,230 km"
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569,
569,
569,
569
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Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the sa... | How did the Camden 28 decide to submit themselves to the court after pleading guilty? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf"
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"Civil_disobedience"
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There are three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The rock cycle is an important concept in geology which illustrates the relationships between these three types of rock, and magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock. This rock can be weathered and er... | What changes the mineral content of a rock? | [
"heat and pressure",
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BSkyB launched its HDTV service, Sky+ HD, on 22 May 2006. Prior to its launch, BSkyB claimed that 40,000 people had registered to receive the HD service. In the week before the launch, rumours started to surface that BSkyB was having supply issues with its set top box (STB) from manufacturer Thomson. On Thursday 18 May... | What was the number of customers that the BBC reported had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries? | [
"17,000",
"17,000",
"17,000"
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495,
495,
495
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"5709686c200fba1400367f7a",
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For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates. For example, friction is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potent... | Micro-physical considerations yield what? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f"
] | [
"Force"
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Other important complexity classes include BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines; AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits; and BQP and QMA, which are defined using quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems). Clas... | What is the expression used to represent a complexity class of counting problems? | [
"#P",
"#P",
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234,
234,
234
] | [
"56e1c4fce3433e1400423151",
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"Computational_complexity_theory",
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One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium. In his work Pneumatica, Philo observed that inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water r... | Of what did da Vinci think a part was consumed during combustion? | [
"air",
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"air",
"air"
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600,
600,
600,
600
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"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be",
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"571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be",
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"Oxygen",
"Oxygen",
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In the course of the 10th century, the initially destructive incursions of Norse war bands into the rivers of France evolved into more permanent encampments that included local women and personal property. The Duchy of Normandy, which began in 911 as a fiefdom, was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte betw... | What treaty was established in the 9th century? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e"
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"Normans"
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Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture (that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2). Such questions spurred the development of various br... | What is the application of prime numbers used in information technology which utilizes the fact that factoring very large prime numbers is very challenging? | [
"public-key cryptography",
"public-key cryptography",
"public-key cryptography",
"cryptography",
"public-key cryptography"
] | [
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The plain moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds and also groups of clay pits. The pattern of the Vistula terraces is asymmetrical. The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces and the lowest one the flood plain terrace. The contemporary flooded terra... | What does the highest level of the Vistula plateau contain? | [
"former flooded terraces",
"former flooded terraces",
"peat swamps or small ponds"
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222,
222,
806
] | [
"57335ddbd058e614000b5930",
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It is a logical extension of the compound engine (described above) to split the expansion into yet more stages to increase efficiency. The result is the multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines respectively. These engines u... | What class of ships is an example of small passenger liners? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff"
] | [
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University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the beh... | University of Chicago scholars played a major part in what development? | [
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In 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed in 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson. Both men lowered the temperature of air until it liquefied... | What was developed in 1859? | [
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Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of the innate immune system. The innate response is usually triggered when microbes are identified by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms, or when... | What do toxins that fail to enter an organism encounter? | [
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In England, in the absence of census figures, historians propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England. Over the n... | How many people died in the outbreak of 1471? | [
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Some civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar, a defendant who was involved in a movement to stop military exercises by trespassing on U.S. Navy property argued to the court in allocution that "the ones who are violatin... | Why would one want to give more punishment? | [
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The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament has seating arranged in a hemicycle, which reflects the desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members. There are 131 seats in the debating chamber. Of the total 131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Offic... | The Second Minister, Scottish cabinet ministers and whom sit in the front row in the debating chamber? | [
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Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science. Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies. As a practice area and speci... | Whose needs will the growth in pharmacy informatics damage? | [
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The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction with an "arts and sciences focus". Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergradua... | Post 2008 undergraduate students are required to complete how many general education classes towards degree? | [
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Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment. Brownlee argues, "Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law’s engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person becaus... | What should be the main goal of not using punishment in a just system? | [
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After strengthening his government in northern China, Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism. He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south. Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Ya... | How did the final Song emperor begin? | [
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Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum includes collections of ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, formerly the Germanic Museum, covers central and northern European art, and the... | What glass flowers exhibit is included in the Busch-Reisinger Museum? | [
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-1
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"5a82370631013a001a3352e5"
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Among the most well-known experiments in structural geology are those involving orogenic wedges, which are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. In the analog versions of these experiments, horizontal layers of sand are pulled along a lower surface into a back stop, which result... | What are some of the most well known experiments in patterns of faulting? | [
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Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du... | What characteristic identifies the French ancestry of some South Africans? | [
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Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era. The mathematician Zhu Shijie (1249–1314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices. Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations ... | What type of math was advanced during the Yuan? | [
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In Sweden, pupils are free to choose a private school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008. Sweden is internationally known for this innovative school voucher model that provides Swedish pupils with the opportunity to ... | How many people work for Kunskapsskolan schools? | [
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European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of membe... | Who can enforce European Union law? | [
"the courts of member states",
"the courts of member states",
"the courts of member states",
"the courts of member states"
] | [
205,
205,
205,
205
] | [
"57268bf9dd62a815002e890b",
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"57268bf9dd62a815002e890b",
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"European_Union_law",
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The rainforest contains several species that can pose a hazard. Among the largest predatory creatures are the black caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda. In the river, electric eels can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill, while piranha are known to bite and injure humans. Various species of poison dart fro... | Which animal that lives in the Amazon river may produce a deadly shock? | [
"electric eels",
"electric eels",
"electric eels"
] | [
168,
168,
168
] | [
"5729f3831d0469140077967b",
"5729f3831d0469140077967b",
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"Amazon_rainforest",
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BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their ... | Who is the parent company of NDS? | [
"Cisco Systems company",
"Cisco Systems",
"Cisco Systems"
] | [
71,
71,
71
] | [
"57094d489928a8140047150c",
"57094d489928a8140047150c",
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"Sky_(United_Kingdom)",
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