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README.md
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# Hebrew Semantic Neighbor Pairs
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concept, at a publication-confidence level reached through
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than any single signal. CC0 — no restricted sources.
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## Method
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This dataset is the *confident subset* of a larger semantic-neighbor pipeline that combines
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independent signals: distributional embeddings (BEREL), LXX cross-testament co-rendering, gloss
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overlap, an LLM scholarly-prior pass, Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906, public domain) etymological roots,
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T'OMIM poetic-parallelism pairs, Hebrew WordNet, BHSA syntactic structure (coordination/apposition via
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Context-Fabric),
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Rather than trust any single signal's raw output, a pair is published here only if it passes one of
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independent confidence gates:
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- **`cross_signal`** — asserted by >= 2 methodologically independent signal
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## Columns
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| column | meaning |
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| `strong_a` / `strong_b` | Hebrew Strong's numbers (`H####`) |
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| `gate` | `cross_signal`
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| `n_families` | how many independent signal families asserted this pair (0 if only LLM-verified) |
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| `llm_verdict` | `yes` if LLM-verified; blank if published via cross-signal agreement alone |
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## Validation caveat — read before treating the percentages as ground truth
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Every accuracy number associated with this pipeline
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claim of "correctness." Two things follow:
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1. SDBH is a scholarly taxonomy, not exhaustive ground truth — a real synonym pair can fail to share an
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SDBH domain code simply because SDBH's own domain boundaries split it, and (separately) SDBH data
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CC0-1.0. Built from: BDB (1906, public domain), T'OMIM (CC BY 4.0), Hebrew WordNet (Ordan & Wintner,
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permissive), Wiktionary (CC BY-SA), BHSA/Context-Fabric (public-domain WLC + CC BY 4.0 ETCBC
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annotation),
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## Provenance
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# Hebrew Semantic Neighbor Pairs
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7,977 Strong's-number pairs of Biblical Hebrew words judged to be synonyms or same tight semantic
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concept, at a publication-confidence level reached through three independent verification methods
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rather than any single signal. CC0 — no restricted sources.
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## Method
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This dataset is the *confident subset* of a larger semantic-neighbor pipeline that combines ten
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independent signals: distributional embeddings (BEREL), LXX cross-testament co-rendering, gloss
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overlap, an LLM scholarly-prior pass, Brown-Driver-Briggs (1906, public domain) etymological roots,
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T'OMIM poetic-parallelism pairs, Hebrew WordNet, BHSA syntactic structure (coordination/apposition via
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Context-Fabric), a cross-lingual/Wiktionary-root corroboration tier, and candidates from Radak's Sefer
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HaShorashim (a 13th-century Public Domain medieval Hebrew root dictionary, via Sefaria). Individually,
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these signals range from weak (~35%) to strong (~90%).
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Rather than trust any single signal's raw output, a pair is published here only if it passes one of
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three independent confidence gates:
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- **`cross_signal`** — asserted by >= 2 methodologically independent signal families (see the
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`gate` column). 70.2% SDBH `core`-agreement on its own.
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- **`llm_verified`** — pairs that only ever had ONE signal behind them, individually judged by an LLM
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(Claude Haiku, strict "are these genuinely synonyms in Biblical Hebrew usage" prompt). Only "yes"
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verdicts included. 69.5% on its own.
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- **`sefer_hashorashim_verified`** — candidates from Sefer HaShorashim (words Radak discusses together
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within one root entry), also LLM-verified the same way. 62.9% on its own (its unique contribution
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after removing overlap with the other two gates).
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1,241 pairs pass more than one gate — that subset scores 78.4%, the highest-confidence layer in the
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dataset (see the `gate` column, "+"-joined for multi-gate pairs).
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## Columns
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| column | meaning |
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| `strong_a` / `strong_b` | Hebrew Strong's numbers (`H####`) |
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| `gate` | which confidence check(s) this pair passed — `cross_signal`, `llm_verified`, `sefer_hashorashim_verified`, or a "+"-joined combination |
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| `n_families` | how many independent signal families asserted this pair (0 if only LLM-verified) |
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| `llm_verdict` | `yes` if LLM-verified (either LLM gate); blank if published via cross-signal agreement alone |
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## Validation caveat — read before treating the percentages as ground truth
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Every accuracy number associated with this pipeline is measured as **agreement with SDBH's own domain
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codes** (the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew, © United Bible Societies) as an internal proxy —
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not an independent audit, and not a claim of "correctness." Two things follow:
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1. SDBH is a scholarly taxonomy, not exhaustive ground truth — a real synonym pair can fail to share an
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SDBH domain code simply because SDBH's own domain boundaries split it, and (separately) SDBH data
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CC0-1.0. Built from: BDB (1906, public domain), T'OMIM (CC BY 4.0), Hebrew WordNet (Ordan & Wintner,
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permissive), Wiktionary (CC BY-SA), BHSA/Context-Fabric (public-domain WLC + CC BY 4.0 ETCBC
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annotation), Sefer HaShorashim (Radak, c.1185-1235 CE, Public Domain, via Sefaria), and an LLM
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verification pass (Claude Haiku) — none of these require restricted-use attribution beyond what's
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already satisfied by citing this dataset.
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## Provenance
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published_pairs.tsv
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