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A_New_Injection_Threat_on_S7-1500_PLCs_-_Disrupting_the_Physical_Process_Offline.txt | Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are increasingly connected and integrated into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for a better network connectivity and a more streamlined control process. But in fact, this brings also its security challenges and exposes them to various cyber-attacks targeting the physical p... | INDEX TERMS Programmable logic controllers, industrial control systems, injection attack, time-of-day block, of ine attack. I. INTRODUCTION Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are used to automate critical control processes such as production lines, electrical power grids, oil and gas facilities, petrochemical plants, an... |
SCADA_honeypots_An_in-depth_analysis_of_Conpot.txt | Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) honeypots are key tools not only for determining threats which pertain to SCADA devi ces in the wild, but also for early detection of potential mali cious tampering within a SCADA device network. An analysis of one such SCADA honeypot, Conpot, is conducted to determine i... | Keywords Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems, honeypots, Conpot, network security I. INTRODUCTION In a world where the value of information is ever increasing, hackers are consiste ntly targeting governments, corporations, and individuals to obtain valuable secrets, proprietary data, and personally identif... |
Modeling_of_Cyber_Attacks_and_a_Time_Guard_Detection_for_ICS_based_on_Discrete_Event_Systems.txt | Due to the rapid increase in digitalization and networking of systems, especially in industrial environments, the number of cyber-physical systems is increasing and thus the danger of possible attacks on such systems. As demonstrated in several recent examples, a cyber attack on an industrial control system (ICS) can h... | I. INTRODUCTION The expansion and networking of systems in the context of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things is a top priority for many companies. This makes the security of IT systems more important than ever. Cyber attacks on an industrial control system (ICS) represent a real risk as ICS become more integrated ... |
You_Are_What_You_Attack_Breaking_the_Cryptographically_Protected_S7_Protocol.txt | S7 protocol de nes an appropriate format for ex- changing messages between SIMATIC S7 PLCs and their corre- sponding engineering software i.e., TIA Portal. Recently, Siemens has provided its newer PLC models and their proprietary S7 protocols with a very developed and sophisticated integrity check mechanism to protect ... | Index Terms S7 Protocol, SIMATIC PLCs, Cyber Security, Industrial Control Systems; Replay Attacks; I.INTRODUCTION The S7 Protocol serves the exchange of critical information between Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and their Total Integrated Automation (TIA) Portal engineering soft- ware. The exchanged messages i... |
Cyber_security_in_industrial_control_systems_Analysis_of_DoS_attacks_against_PLCs_and_the_insider_effect.txt | Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are vital for countries smart grids and critical infrastructures. In addition to the advantages such as controlling and monitoring geographically distributed structures, increasing productivity and efficiency, ICS have brought some security problems. Specific solutions are needed to be... | Index Terms -- Denial of service, indu strial control systems, insider attacks, PLC security, vulnerability analysis. I. INTRODUCTION Industrial Control Systems (ICS); are used in the management and maintenance of critical infrastructures, which are usually geographically distributed, such as gas, water, production, tr... |
Formal_Modeling_of_Function_Block_Applications_Running_in_IEC_61499_Execution_Runtime.txt | The execution model in a new standard for dis- tributed control systems, IEC 61499, is analyzed. It is shown how the same standard compliant application running in two different standard compliant runtime environments may result in completely different behaviors. Thus, to achieve true portabilityof applications between... | I. I NTRODUCTION Manufacturing systems and process control systems are typ- ically controlled by a distributed control system. Developingdistributed manufacturing and process control systems is time-consuming and error-prone because the environment is typi-cally heterogeneous consisting of hardware from multiple ven- d... |
IIoT_Cybersecurity_Risk_Modeling_for_SCADA_Systems.txt | Urban critical infrastructure such as electric grids, water networks, and transportation systems are prime targets forcyberattacks. These systems are composed of connected devices which we call the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). An attack on urban critical infrastructure IIoT would cause considerabledisruption t... | Index Terms Critical infrastructure, cybersecurity, industrial control systems (ICSs), Industrial IoT (IIoT), Internet of Things(IoT) security, risk, supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA). I. I NTRODUCTION A. Problem Statement CYBERATTACKS can easily disable Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices respo... |
Fool_Your_Enemies_Enable_Cyber_Deception_and_Moving_Target_Defense_for_Intrusion_Detection_in_SDN.txt | The adoption of deception technology constructed to throw off stealthy attackers from real assets and gather intelligence about how they operate is gaining ground in the network system. Also, some static honeypots are deployed in the network system to attract adversaries for avoiding them accessing the real targets. Th... | Keywords cyber deception, SDN, software defined networking, intrusion detection, honeypot I. INTRODUCTION Witnessing the explosion of the Internet of Things (IoTs) devices, network management encounters the problems of lacking flexibility, scalability, and automation. Under conventional network architecture, the perfo... |
Anomaly_Detection_in_Real-Time_Multi-Threaded_Processes_Using_Hardware_Performance_Counters.txt | We propose a novel methodology for real-time monitoring of software running on embedded processors incyber-physical systems (CPS). The approach uses real-time mon-itoring of hardware performance counters (HPC) and appliesto multi-threaded and interrupt-driven processes typical in pro-grammable logic controller (PLC) im... | Index Terms Anomaly detection, cyber security, program- mable logic controller, malware, resilient control. I. I NTRODUCTION CYBER-SECURITY for cyber-physical systems (CPS) and industrial control systems (ICS) is becoming increas- ingly important [1] [3]. Several attacks on CPS/ICS have been reported [4] [14]. While ... |
OpenPLC_An_open_source_alternative_to_automation.txt | Companies are always looking for ways to increase production. The elevated consumerism pushes factories to produce more in less time. Industry automation came as the solution to increase quality, production and decrease costs. Since the early 70s, PLC (Pro grammable Logic Controller) has dominated industrial automation... | Keywords PLC; OpenPLC; Automation; MODBUS; Open source I. INTRODUCTION In early 60s, industrial automation was usually composed of electromechanical parts like relays, cam timers and drum sequencers. They were interconn ected in electrical circuits to perform the logical control of a machine. To change a machine logic... |
Patch_Now_and_Attack_Later_-_Exploiting_S7_PLCs_by_Time-Of-Day_Block.txt | Industrial control systems (ICSs) architecture con- sists of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) which commu- nicate with an engineering station on one side, and control a certain physical process on the other side. Siemens PLCs, particularly S7-300 controllers, are widely used in industrial systems, and modern criti... | Index Terms Programmable Logic Controllers, Injection At- tack; Time-Of-Day Interrupt; Patching Attack; I. I NTRODUCTION Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in industrial control systems (ICSs) are in a direct connection with physical pro- cesses e.g. production lines, electrical power grids and other critical plant... |
Industrial_PLC_security_issues.txt | In this paper we have shown that PLC devices are complex embedded systems often relying on some operating system. They are plagued by the same sorts of vulnerabilities and exploits as general purpose operating systems. In fact, the number of latent vulnerabilities in the typical microprocessor-based device can be surpr... | Keywords embedded software, information security, manufacturing automation, PLC I. INTRODUCTION NTRODUCED in the late 1960s, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) were designed to eliminate the higher cost of complicated, relay-based control systems. By the 1980s, Distributed Control Systems (DCS) achieved popularity... |
Attacking_SCADA_systems_A_practical_perspective.txt | As Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Industrial and Automation Control System (IACS) architectures became more open and interconnected, some of their remotely controlled processes also became more exposed to cyber threats. Aspects such as the use of mature technologies and legacy equipment or even th... | Keywords Industrial Control Systems, SCADA, Security I. INTRODUCTION Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are used to manage and automate processes in critical infrastructures such as electricity grids or water distribution facilities. According to the ISA definition [1], SCADA-based Industrial and ... |
Fake_PLC_in_the_Cloud_We_Thought_the_Attackers_Believed_that_How_ICS_Honeypot_Deception_Gets_Impacted_by_Cloud_Deployments.txt | The Industrial Control System (ICS) industry faces an ever-growing number of cyber threats defence against which can be strengthened using honeypots. As the systems they mimic, ICS honeypots shall be deployed in a similar context to field ICS systems. This ICS context demands a novel honeypot deployment process, that... | Index Terms Industrial Control Systems, Critical National Infrastructure, Programmable Logic Controllers, Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition, Industrial Honeypot I. I NTRODUCTION Operational Technology (OT) or Industrial Control Systems (ICS) has been considered secure for decades as it has been isolated by an ai... |
A_Fully-Blind_False_Data_Injection_on_PROFINET_I_O_Systems.txt | This paper presents a fully blind false data injection (FDI) attack against an industrial eld-bus i.e. PROFINET that is widely used in Siemens distributed Input/Output (I/O) systems. In contrast to the existing academic efforts in the research community which assume that an attacker is already familiar with the target... | Index Terms Industrial Control Systems, False Data Injection Attack, I/O Database, PROFINET I/O Systems; I. I NTRODUCTION Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are used to automate critical control processes such as production lines, electrical power grids, gas plants and others. In the past, security means in ICSs were mo... |
Applying_static_code_analysis_on_industrial_controller_code.txt | Static code analysis techniques are a well- established tool to improve the e ciency of software developers and for checking the correctness of safety-critical software com- ponents. However , their use is often limited to general purpose or mainstream programming languages. For these languages, static code analysis ... | I. Introduction In industry, automation and control tasks are frequently operated using programmable logic controllers (PLCs). This paper describes the experience of the authors while adapting the Arcade.PLC1framework as described by Biallas et al. in [1] for use with the ABB Compact Control Builder control application... |
Construction_and_verification_of_PLC_programs_by_LTL_specification.txt | The article proposes an approach to construction and verification of PLC ST-programs for discrete problems. The linear-time temporal logic LTL is used for the specification of the program behavior. Programming is carried out in the ST (Structured Text) language, according to the LTL-specification. The correctness analy... | I. INTRODUCTION Using programmable logic controllers (PLC) in systems managing complex industrial processes imposes strict correctness requirements upon the PLC programs. Any software error in a PLC program is considered inadmissible. However, the existing PLC program development tools, for instance, the widely known C... |
An_Enhanced_Multi-Stage_Semantic_Attack_Against_Industrial_Control_Systems.txt | Industrial Control Systems (ICS) play a very important role in national critical infrastructures. However, the growing interaction between the modern ICS and the Internet has made ICS more vulnerable to cyber attacks. In order to protect ICS from malicious attacks, intrusion detection technology emerges. By analyzing t... | INDEX TERMS Industrial control systems, multi-stage semantic attacks, state transition, stealthy attacks. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, Industrial control systems (ICS) [1] play a quite important role in a variety of industrial processes, such as manufacturing, public facilities (e.g., buildings and airports), power genera... |
Detecting_PLC_control_corruption_via_on-device_runtime_verification.txt | With an increased emphasis on the cyber-physical security of safety-critical industrial control systems, pro- grammable logic controllers have been targeted by both secu- rity researchers and attackers as critical assets. Security and veri cation solutions have been proposed and/or implemented either externally or with... | I. I NTRODUCTION The security of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) is increasingly becoming a vital issue in securing industrial con- trol systems (ICS). There is an inherent dif culty integrating security into these PLCs as they are intended to be simple computing machines whose programs can be easily veri ed with... |
A_Cyber-Security_Methodology_for_a_Cyber-Physical_Industrial_Control_System_Testbed.txt | Due to recent increase in deployment of Cyber-Physical Industrial Control Systems in different critical infrastructures, addressing cyber-security challenges of these systems is vital for assuring their reliability and secure operation in presence of malicious cyber attacks. Towards this end, developing a testbed to ge... | INDEX TERMS Industrial control systems, cyber attack, attack detection algorithm, man-in-the-middle attack, hybrid testbed. I. INTRODUCTION Recent technological advances in control, computing, and communications have generated intense interest in develop- ment of new generation of highly interconnected and sen- sor ric... |
High_Availability_for_virtualized_Programmable_Logic_Controllers_with_Hard_Real-Time_Requirements_on_Cloud_Infrastructures.txt | Cloud computing is becoming more popular in domains where previously hardware-based bare metal imple- mentations dominated the field of computation workloads such as the automation and process industry. A variety of stateful applications exist that will require high availability on cloud infrastructures while also meet... | Index Terms RDMA, vPLC, state synchronization I. I NTRODUCTION The advantages of cloud deployments, e.g., resource elastic- ity, simplified setup and management, and pre-build services for rapid deployments, are well known in the IT sector and therefore a stable tool in most companies [1]. On the other hand, the autom... |
Formal_verification_of_PLC_programs.txt | This paper presents an approach to the verification of pro- grams for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) using SMV, a softwqe package for formal verification of state transi- tion systems. Binary PLC programs are converted directly into SMV modules that retain the variable names and exe- cution sequences of the orig... | 1 Introduction The objective of the work reported in this paper is to create an interface between the programming and modeling tools typically used by control engineers and the model checking program SMV, an established tool for formal verification of digital circuits and protocols [l, 21. This provides a means for val... |
Towards_Automated_Safety_Vetting_of_PLC_Code_in_Real-World_Plants.txt | Safety violations in programmable logic controllers (PLCs), caused either by faults or attacks, have recently garnered signi cant attention. However, prior efforts at PLC code vetting suffer from many drawbacks. Static analyses and veri cation cause signi cant false positives and cannot reveal speci c runtime contexts.... | I. I NTRODUCTION Industrial control systems (ICS) play an essential role in modern society. In the new era of Industry 4.0 [12], comput- erized control systems have become the backbone of crucial infrastructures such as power grids, transportation as well as manufacturing sectors. Compared to traditional ICS that were ... |
Verification_of_a_timed_multitask_system_with_UPPAAL.txt | Sinceitisanimportantissueforusersandsystem designers,verificationofPLCprogramshasalreadybeen studiedinvariouscontexts,mostlyforuntimedprograms. Morerecently,timedfeatureswereintroducedandmod- eledwithtimedautomata.Inthiscasestudy,weconsider apartoftheso-calledMSS(MecatronicStandardSys- tem)platformfromBoshGroup,aframew... | Keywords:Programmable LogicControllers,Timed Automata,ModelChecking. 1Introduction Verification ofsafetypropertiesforPLC(Pro- grammableLogicController)programsisimportantwhen theseprogramsaretocontrolcriticalapplicationsforre- activesystems.Thisexplainstheincreasinginterestin thepastfewyearsfortheapplicationofformalmet... |
A_Formal_Semantics_of_PLC_Programs_in_Coq.txt | Programmable logic Controllers (PLC) are embedded systems that are widely used in industry. We propose a formal semantics of the Instruction List (IL) language, one of the ve programing languages de ned in the IEC 61131-3 standard for PLC programing. This semantics support a signi cant subset of the IL language that i... | I. Introduction Programmable Logical Controllers (PLC) are micro-processor based control systems. They are used in a wide range of industrial applications, from automotive industry and chemical plants to home appliances. PLC applications are critical in a safety or economical cost sense. The recent events of the recall... |
Investigating_the_impact_of_cyber_attacks_on_power_system_reliability.txt | As power grids rely more on the open communication technologies and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, they are becoming more vulnerable to malicious cyber attacks. The reliability of the power system can be impacted by the SCADA system due to a diverse set of probable cyber attacks on it. This pa... | Keywords power system reliability; SCADA system; cyber security; forced outage rate; loss of load probability. I. I NTRODUCTION The drastic technological innovation has enabled the power system to be more flexible and to accommodate a more open architecture to fulfill the re quirements of modern power industry [1]. Al... |
CyberPhysical_System_Security_for_the_Electric_Power_Grid.txt | |The development of a trustworthy smart grid requires a deeper understanding of potential impacts resulting from successful cyber attacks. Estimating feasible attack impact requires an evaluation of the grid s dependency on itscyber infrastructure and its ability to tolerate potential failures.A further exploration of ... | KEYWORDS |Cyber physical systems (CPS); cyber security; electric grid; smart grid; supervisory control and data acquisi-tion (SCADA) I.INTRODUCTION An increasing demand for rel iable energy and numerous technological advancements have motivated the develop-ment of a smart electric grid. The smart grid will expand the c... |
Detecting_anomalous_behavior_of_PLC_using_semi-supervised_machine_learning.txt | Industrial Control System (ICS) is used to monitor and control critical infrastructures. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are major components of ICS, which are used to form automation system. It is important to protect PLCs from any attacks and undesired incidents. However, it is not easy to apply traditional too... | Keywords Programming logic controller, forensics, machine learning I. INTRODUCTION Industrial Control System (ICS) system is used to monitor and control industrial and infrastructure processes such as chemical plant and oil refinery operations, electricity generation and distribution, and water management [1]. If any ... |
A_Stealth_Program_Injection_Attack_against_S7-300_PLCs.txt | Industrial control systems (ICSs) consist of pro- grammable logic controllers (PLCs) which communicate with an engineering station on one side, and control a certain physical process on the other side. Siemens PLCs, particularly S7-300 controllers, are widely used in industrial systems, and modern critical infrastructu... | Index Terms S7-300 PLCs, Injection Attack, Stealthy Attack, Replay Attack, Fake PLC; I. INTRODUCTION Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in industrial control systems (ICSs) are directly connected to physical processes such as production lines, electrical power grids and other critical plants. They are equipped with ... |
Formal_verification_of_ladder_logic_programs_using_NuSMV.txt | Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are heavy- duty computers used to control industrial systems. For many years these systems were physically separated from any other network making attacks extremely dif cult. However, these in- creasingly connected systems have not improved much in terms of security, leaving them v... | I. I NTRODUCTION Processors are becoming more and more important in the world. Today processors can be seen almost everywhere and in the future they will only become more abundant. There are also many types of computers such microcontrollers, distributed control systems (DCSs), and regular personal computers. However, ... |
SoK_Attacks_on_Industrial_Control_Logic_and_Formal_Verification-Based_Defenses.txt | Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in the industrial control systems. Vulnerabilities in PLC programs might lead to attacks causing devastatingconsequences to the critical infrastructure, as shown inStuxnet and similar attacks. In recent years, we have seenan exponential increase in vulnerabilit... | Index Terms PLC, attack, formal veri cation 1. Introduction Industrial control systems (ICS) are subject to attacks sabotaging the physical processes, as shown in Stuxnet [33], Havex [46], TRITON [31], Black Energy [8], andthe German Steel Mill [63]. PLCs are the last line incontrolling and defending for these critical... |
Controller-aware_false_data_injection_against_programmable_logic_controllers.txt | Control systems rely on accurate sensor measure- ments to safely regulate physical processes. In False Data In- jection (FDI) attacks, adversaries inject forged sensor measure- ments into a control system in hopes of misguiding control algorithms into taking dangerous actions. Traditional FDI attacks mostly require adv... | I. I NTRODUCTION The power grid is a critical interconnected infrastructure whose reliable operation depends crucially on its cyber assets.Today, the reliability of the interdependent power and cyberinfrastructures making up the grid is largely managed throughtraditional purely-cyber security solutions. However, those ... |
Model_Checking_PLC_Software_Written_in_Function_Block_Diagram.txt | The development of Programmable Logic Con- trollers (PLCs) in the last years has made it possible to apply them in ever more complex tasks. Many systems based on these controllers are safety-critical, the certi cation of which entails a great effort. Therefore, there is a big demand for tools for analyzing and verifyin... | Keywords -formal veri cation; model checking; PLC; FBD; IEC 61131-3; I. I NTRODUCTION Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are a special type of computer used in automation systems [1]. Generally speaking, they are based on sensors and actuators which have the ability to control, monitor and interact with a par- ticul... |
PLC_access_control_a_security_analysis.txt | A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a very common industrial control system device used to control output devices based on data received (and processed) from input devices. Given the central role that PLCs play in deployed industrial control systems, it has been a preferred target of ICS attackers. A quick search ... | Keywords-PLC; SCADA; Industrial Control Systems; Access Control; Passwords; I. I NTRODUCTION A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an important component in an ICS system. It is a control device used to automate industrial processes via collecting input data from eld devices such as sensors, processing it, then sen... |
A_Control_Injection_Attack_against_S7_PLCs_-Manipulating_the_Decompiled_Code.txt | In this paper, we discuss an approach which allows an attacker to modify the control logic program that runs in S7 PLCs in its high-level decompiled format. Our full attack- chain compromises the security measures of PLCs, retrieves the machine bytecode of the target device, and employs a decompiler to convert the stol... | Index Terms Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Con- trol Injection Attack, Decompiler, Compiler, Ladder Diagram; I. I NTRODUCTION Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are used to automate criti- cal control processes such as production lines, electrical power grids, gas plants and others. They consist of Programmable... |
PLC_security_and_critical_infrastructure_protection.txt | Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the most important components embedded in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). ICSs have achieved highest standards in terms of ef ciency and performance. As a result of that, higher portion of infrastructure in industries has been automated for the comfort of human beings. There... | Keywords: PLC vulnerabilities, PLC security, critical infrastructure protection I. I NTRODUCTION Industrial automation is one of the most popular terms that have been discussed over the past decade. Automation is an important aspect when it comes to industrialization. Goal of automation is to minimize the human involve... |
A_technique_for_bytecode_decompilation_of_PLC_program.txt | Program logical controllers (PLCs) are the kernel equipment of industrial control system (ICS) as they directly monitor and control industrial processes. Recently, ICS is suffering from various cyber threats, which may lead to significant consequences due to its inherent characteristics. In IT system, decompilation is ... | Keywords programmable logical controller; bytecode; decompilation; mapping rules. I. I NTRODUCTION Programmable logical controller (PLC) is widely used as terminal control equipment in industrial control system (ICS), and is playing a central role in the whole system. With various software and hardware techniques from... |
Multicrane_Visual_Sorting_System_Based_on_Deep_Learning_With_Virtualized_Programmable_Logic_Controllers_in_Industrial_Internet.txt | We develop a deep-learning-based multicrane visual sorting system with virtualized programmable logiccontrollers (PLCs) in intelligent manufacturing, which en-ables the accurate location and suction of the materialson the conveyor belt. First, virtualized PLCs are deployedin the eld and the cloud to break data islands... | Index Terms Backpropagation (BP) neural network, deep learning, intelligent manufacturing, linear interpola-tion, virtualized programmable logic controllers (PLCs), vi-sual sorting system. I. INTRODUCTION INTELLIGENT manufacturing [1]has recently received in- creasing attention from both academia and industry world- w... |
A_Stealthy_False_Command_Injection_Attack_on_Modbus_based_SCADA_Systems.txt | Modbus is a widely-used industrial protocol in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems for different purposes such as controlling remote devices, monitoring physical processes, data acquisition, etc. Unfortunately, such a protocol lacks security means i.e., authentication, integrity, and con dentiality... | Index Terms SCADA; PLCs; ICSs; Modbus Protocol; Cyber-attacks; Command Injection Attacks; I. I NTRODUCTION Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) sys- tems are employed by millions of industries and plants to mon- itor and control critical physical processes such as oil and gas facilities, water treatment sy... |
On_experimental_verification_of_model_based_white_list_for_PLC_anomaly_detection.txt | Rece ntly, defensive countermeasures of controller are important because cyber -attacks on the control system are growing highly . This paper propose s an anomaly detection method of white list using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller ) as one of the countermeasures of controller. This paper introduces a white list des... | I. INTRODUCTION Recently, industrial control system s (ICSs) connect to the internet , PLC (Programmable Logic Controller ) is becoming network communication device introduces [1]. Accordingly , a number of the security incident s such as cyber - and virus -attacks have been reported so far [2][3] . Therefore, it is ne... |
Encryption_in_ICS_networks_A_blessing_or_a_curse.txt | Nowadays, the internal network communication of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) usually takes place in unencrypted form. This, however , seems to be bound to change in the future: as we write, encryption of network traf c isseriously being considered as a standard for future ICS. In this paper we take a critical look ... | I. I NTRODUCTION SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) sys- tems and DCS (Distributed Control Systems) form an impor-tant subset of ICS (Industrial Control Systems), overseeingcomplex physical processes in industrial and critical infras-tructures which usually span over a large geographic area(e.g. a pipelin... |
Detecting_Payload_Attacks_on_Programmable_Logic_Controllers_PLCs.txt | Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) play criti- cal roles in industrial control systems (ICS). Providing hardware peripherals and rmware support for control programs (i.e., a PLC s payload ) written in languages such as ladder logic, PLCs directly receive sensor readings and control ICS physical processes. An attac... | I. I NTRODUCTION In industrial control systems (ICS), programmable logic controllers (PLC) play a critical role in process automation. As cyber attacks targeting ICS increase in sophistication, eld devices, such as PLCs, are of particular concerns because they directly monitor and control physical processes. As shown ... |
A_Moving_Target_Defense_Control_Framework_for_Cyber-Physical_Systems.txt | This paper considers the problem of ef ciently and securely controlling cyber-physical systems that are operating in uncertain, and adversarial environments. To mitigate sensor, actuator attacks, and performance loss due to such attacks, we formulate a secure control algorithm that consists of a proactive and a reactiv... | Index Terms Cyber-physical systems (CPSs), entropy, moving target and proactive defense, reactive defense, security. I. I NTRODUCTION CYBER-PHYSICAL systems (CPSs) are complex plat- forms comprised of a physical layer, containing sensing and actuating devices, as well as communication and compu- tational layers [1]. S... |
Potential_of_Edge_Computing_PLCs_in_Industrial_Automation.txt | Ongoing industrial revolution Industry 4.0, driven by a mesh of disruptive new technologies, promises a more effective and productive industrial environment. The challenges that have arisen as a side effect, such as the vast quality of data that needs to be transmitted and processed safely in real-time, require a new... | Keywords- Edge computing, PLCs, Industry automation I. INTRODUCTION Industrial revolutions have changed the way of manufacturing and production of goods by utilizing disruptive new technologies. The first industrial revolution, starting in the late 18th century, introduced water and steam power that replaced human and ... |
Internal_security_attacks_on_SCADA_systems.txt | Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems have become essential to many industries around the world. Nowadays, SCADA systems are controlling many critical infrastructures such as power grids, mega factories, water treatment systems, and even nuclear power plants. As a result, SCADA systems have become ve... | Keywords - SCADA; industrial security; test-beds I. INTRODUCTION Supervisory Control a nd Data Acquisition (SCADA ) systems consist of Programmable Logic C ontroller s (PLCs ), Human -Machine I nterface s (HMI s), and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs ) amon g many other components [2]. In old er systems, these components co... |
Construction_of_false_sequence_attack_against_PLC_based_power_control_system.txt | It is essential to ensure accurate sensor measurements to safely regulate physical process in power control system. Traditional false data injection (FDI) attacks against control system mainly require the attackers to obtain the optimal maliciousinputs. Different from the traditional FDI attacks, we present false seque... | 1 Introduction Control systems as the fundamental components of cyber- physical critical infrastructures have been widely used inpower grids. On account of their crucial role in modern in-dustrial society, they are becoming highly vulnerable targetsfor adversaries causing malicious damage. Traditional safetyprotection ... |
Internet-facing_PLCs_as_a_network_backdoor.txt | Industrial control systems (ICS) are integral com ponents of production and control processes. Our modern infras tructure heavily relies on them. Unfortunately, from a security perspective, thousands of PLCs are deployed in an Internet-facing fashion. Security features are largely absent in PLCs. If they are present ... | I. INTRO DUCT ION Industrial control systems (ICS) are integral components of production and control tasks. Modern infrastructure heavily relies on them. The introduction of the Smart Manufacturing (Industry 4.0) technology stack further increases the dependency on industrial control systems [1]. Modern infrastructure ... |
The_Cybersecurity_Landscape_in_Industrial_Control_Systems.txt | |Industrial control systems (ICSs) are transition- ing from legacy-electromechanical-based systems to modern information and communication technology (ICT)-based sys-tems creating a close coupling between cyber and physicalcomponents. In this paper, we explore the ICS cybersecuritylandscape including: 1) the key princi... | KEYWORDS |Computer security; industrial control; networked control systems; power system security; SCADA systems; security I.INTRODUCTION Modern industrial control systems (ICSs) use informa- tion and communication technologies (ICTs) to controland automate stable operation of industrial processes [1], [2]. ICSs interc... |
No_Need_to_be_Online_to_Attack_-_Exploiting_S7-1500_PLCs_by_Time-Of-Day_Block.txt | In this paper, we take the attack approach intro- duced in our previous work [8] one more step in the direction of exploiting PLCs of ine, and extend our experiments to cover the latest and most secured Siemens PLCs line i.e. S7-1500 CPUs. The attack scenario conducted in this work aims at confusing the behavior of the... | Index Terms PLCs, ICSs, Cyber Attacks, Cyber-Physical systems security; I.INTRODUCTION Attackers target the control logic program to compromise exposed Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) aiming at sabotaging the control processes driven by the victim industrial devices. Such a threat is known, in the industrial com... |
T-SYS_Timed-Based_System_Security_for_Real-Time_Kernels.txt | Theincreasingproliferationofcyber-physicalsystemsinamulti- tude of applications presents a pressing need for effective methods ofsecuringsuchdevices.Manysuchsystemsaresubjecttotight timing constraints, which are poorly suited to traditional security methods due to the large runtime overhead and execution time variation... | KEYWORDS Real-time systems, security, worst-case execution time 1 INTRODUCTION Simplenetworkedandembeddeddeviceshavebecomeincreasingly commonthroughoutthewiderangeofapplicationsasprocessors with the necessary capabilities have become cheaper and more plentiful.Increasingly,suchsystemsareincorporatedintocritical infrast... |
FedTIU_Securing_Virtualized_PLCs_Against_DDoS_Attacks_Using_a_Federated_Learning_Enabled_Threat_Intelligence_Unit.txt | Conventional Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) systems are becoming increasingly challenging to manage due to hardware and software dependencies. Moreover, the number and size of conventional PLCs on factory oors continue to increase, and virtualized PLC (vPLC) offers a solution to address these challenges. The util... | Index T erms IIoT, Industry 4.0, Federated Learning, DDoS Detection, vPLC I. I NTRODUCTION Industry 4.0 aims to break away from the conventional au- tomation pyramid by closely integrating production and busi- ness levels through cyber-physical systems (CPSs), which con- nect physical and virtual worlds. This integrat... |
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