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/** @internal
** @file sift.c
** @author Andrea Vedaldi
** @brief Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) - Driver
**/
/* AUTORIGHTS
Copyright (C) 2007-09 Andrea Vedaldi and Brian Fulkerson
This file is part of VLFeat, available in the terms of the GNU
General Public License version 2.
*/
#define VL_SIFT_DRIVER_VERSION 0.1
#include "generic-driver.h"
#include <vl/generic.h>
#include <vl/stringop.h>
#include <vl/pgm.h>
#include <vl/sift.h>
#include <vl/getopt_long.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* help message */
char const help_message [] =
"Usage: %s [options] files ...\n"
"\n"
"Options include:\n"
" --verbose -v Be verbose\n"
" --help -h Print this help message\n"
" --output -o Specify output file\n"
" --frames Specify frames file\n"
" --descriptors Specify descriptors file\n"
" --meta Specify meta file\n"
" --gss Specify Gaussian scale space files\n"
" --octaves -O Number of octaves\n"
" --levels -S Number of levels per octave\n"
" --first-octave Index of the first octave\n"
" --edge-thresh Specify the edge threshold\n"
" --peak-thresh Specift the peak threshold\n"
" --magnif Specify the magnification factor\n"
" --read-frames Specify a file from which to read frames\n"
" --orientations Force the computation of the oriantations\n"
"\n" ;
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* long options codes */
enum {
opt_meta = 1000,
opt_frames,
opt_descriptors,
opt_gss,
opt_first_octave,
opt_edge_thresh,
opt_peak_thresh,
opt_magnif,
opt_read_frames,
opt_orientations
} ;
/* short options */
char const opts [] = "vhO:S:o:" ;
/* long options */
struct option const longopts [] = {
{ "verbose", no_argument, 0, 'v' },
{ "help", no_argument, 0, 'h' },
{ "octaves", required_argument, 0, 'O' },
{ "levels", required_argument, 0, 'S' },
{ "output", optional_argument, 0, 'o' },
{ "meta", optional_argument, 0, opt_meta },
{ "frames", optional_argument, 0, opt_frames },
{ "descriptors", optional_argument, 0, opt_descriptors },
{ "gss", optional_argument, 0, opt_gss },
{ "first-octave", required_argument, 0, opt_first_octave },
{ "edge-thresh", required_argument, 0, opt_edge_thresh },
{ "peak-thresh", required_argument, 0, opt_peak_thresh },
{ "magnif", required_argument, 0, opt_magnif },
{ "read-frames", required_argument, 0, opt_read_frames },
{ "orientations", no_argument, 0, opt_orientations },
{ 0, 0, 0, 0 }
} ;
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** @brief Save octave on disk
** @internal
**/
static int
save_gss (VlSiftFilt * filt, VlFileMeta * fm, const char * basename,
int verbose)
{
char tmp [1024] ;
int S = filt -> S ;
int q, i ;
int s, err ;
int w, h ;
int o = filt -> o_cur ;
VlPgmImage pim ;
vl_uint8 *buffer = 0 ;
if (! fm -> active) {
return VL_ERR_OK ;
}
w = vl_sift_get_octave_width (filt) ;
h = vl_sift_get_octave_height (filt) ;
pim.width = w ;
pim.height = h ;
pim.max_value = 255 ;
pim.is_raw = 1 ;
buffer = malloc (sizeof(vl_uint8) * w * h) ;
if (! buffer) {
err = VL_ERR_ALLOC ;
goto save_gss_quit ;
}
q = vl_string_copy (tmp, sizeof(tmp), basename) ;
if (q >= sizeof(tmp)) {
err = VL_ERR_OVERFLOW ;
goto save_gss_quit ;
}
for (s = 0 ; s < S ; ++s) {
vl_sift_pix * pt = vl_sift_get_octave (filt, s) ;
/* conversion */
for (i = 0 ; i < w * h ; ++i) {
buffer [i] = (vl_uint8) pt [i] ;
}
/* save */
snprintf(tmp + q, sizeof(tmp) - q, "_%02d_%03d", o, s) ;
err = vl_file_meta_open (fm, tmp, "wb") ;
if (err) goto save_gss_quit ;
err = vl_pgm_insert (fm -> file, &pim, buffer) ;
if (err) goto save_gss_quit ;
if (verbose) {
printf("sift: saved gss level to '%s'\n", fm -> name) ;
}
vl_file_meta_close (fm) ;
}
save_gss_quit : ;
if (buffer) free (buffer) ;
vl_file_meta_close (fm) ;
return err ;
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** @brief Keypoint ordering
** @internal
**/
int
korder (void const* a, void const* b) {
double x = ((double*) a) [2] - ((double*) b) [2] ;
if (x < 0) return -1 ;
if (x > 0) return +1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
/** @brief SIFT driver entry point
**/
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
/* algorithm parameters */
double edge_thresh = -1 ;
double peak_thresh = -1 ;
double magnif = -1 ;
int O = -1, S = 3, omin = -1 ;
vl_bool err = VL_ERR_OK ;
char err_msg [1024] ;
int n ;
int exit_code = 0 ;
int verbose = 0 ;
vl_bool force_output = 0 ;
vl_bool force_orientations = 0 ;
VlFileMeta out = {1, "%.sift", VL_PROT_ASCII, "", 0} ;
VlFileMeta frm = {0, "%.frame", VL_PROT_ASCII, "", 0} ;
VlFileMeta dsc = {0, "%.descr", VL_PROT_ASCII, "", 0} ;
VlFileMeta met = {0, "%.meta", VL_PROT_ASCII, "", 0} ;
VlFileMeta gss = {0, "%.pgm", VL_PROT_ASCII, "", 0} ;
VlFileMeta ifr = {0, "%.frame", VL_PROT_ASCII, "", 0} ;
#define ERR(msg, arg) { \
err = VL_ERR_BAD_ARG ; \
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg), msg, arg) ; \
break ; \
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Parse options
* -------------------------------------------------------------- */
while (!err) {
int ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, opts, longopts, 0) ;
/* If there are no files passed as input, print the help and settings */
if (ch == -1 && argc - optind == 0)
ch = 'h';
/* end of option list? */
if (ch == -1) break;
switch (ch) {
case '?' :
/* unkown option ............................................ */
ERR("Invalid option '%s'.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case ':' :
/* missing argument ......................................... */
ERR("Missing mandatory argument for option '%s'.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case 'h' :
/* --help ................................................... */
printf (help_message, argv [0]) ;
printf ("SIFT filespec: `%s'\n", out.pattern) ;
printf ("Frames filespec: `%s'\n", frm.pattern) ;
printf ("Descriptors filespec: `%s'\n", dsc.pattern) ;
printf ("Meta filespec: `%s'\n", met.pattern) ;
printf ("GSS filespec: '%s'\n", gss.pattern) ;
printf ("Read frames filespec: '%s'\n", ifr.pattern) ;
printf ("Version: driver %s; libvl %s\n",
VL_XSTRINGIFY(VL_SIFT_DRIVER_VERSION),
vl_get_version_string()) ;
exit (0) ;
break ;
case 'v' :
/* --verbose ................................................ */
++ verbose ;
break ;
case 'o' :
/* --output ................................................ */
err = vl_file_meta_parse (&out, optarg) ;
if (err)
ERR("The arguments of '%s' is invalid.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
force_output = 1 ;
break ;
case opt_frames :
/* --frames ................................................ */
err = vl_file_meta_parse (&frm, optarg) ;
if (err)
ERR("The arguments of '%s' is invalid.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_descriptors :
/* --descriptor ............................................. */
err = vl_file_meta_parse (&dsc, optarg) ;
if (err)
ERR("The arguments of '%s' is invalid.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
break;
case opt_meta :
/* --meta ................................................... */
err = vl_file_meta_parse (&met, optarg) ;
if (err)
ERR("The arguments of '%s' is invalid.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
if (met.protocol != VL_PROT_ASCII)
ERR("meta file supports only ASCII protocol", argv[optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_read_frames :
/* --read_frames ............................................ */
err = vl_file_meta_parse (&ifr, optarg) ;
if (err)
ERR("The arguments of '%s' is invalid.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_gss :
/* --gss .................................................... */
err = vl_file_meta_parse (&gss, optarg) ;
if (err)
ERR("The arguments of '%s' is invalid.", argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case 'O' :
/* --octaves ............................................... */
n = sscanf (optarg, "%d", &O) ;
if (n == 0 || O < 0)
ERR("The argument of '%s' must be a non-negative integer.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case 'S' :
/* --levels ............................................... */
n = sscanf (optarg, "%d", &S) ;
if (n == 0 || S < 0)
ERR("The argument of '%s' must be a non-negative integer.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_first_octave :
/* --first-octave ......................................... */
n = sscanf (optarg, "%d", &omin) ;
if (n == 0)
ERR("The argument of '%s' must be an integer.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_edge_thresh :
/* --edge-thresh ........................................... */
n = sscanf (optarg, "%lf", &edge_thresh) ;
if (n == 0 || edge_thresh < 1)
ERR("The argument of '%s' must be not smaller than 1.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_peak_thresh :
/* --edge-thresh ........................................... */
n = sscanf (optarg, "%lf", &peak_thresh) ;
if (n == 0 || peak_thresh < 0)
ERR("The argument of '%s' must be a non-negative float.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_magnif :
/* --magnif .............................................. */
n = sscanf (optarg, "%lf", &magnif) ;
if (n == 0 || magnif < 1)
ERR("The argument of '%s' must be a non-negative float.",
argv [optind - 1]) ;
break ;
case opt_orientations :
/* --orientations ......................................... */
force_orientations = 1 ;
break ;
case 0 :
default :
/* should not get here ...................................... */
assert (0) ;
break ;
}
}
/* check for parsing errors */
if (err) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: %s (%d)\n",
argv [0],
err_msg, err) ;
exit (1) ;
}
/* parse other arguments (filenames) */
argc -= optind ;
argv += optind ;
/*
if --output is not specified, specifying --frames or --descriptors
prevent the aggregate outout file to be produced.
*/
if (! force_output && (frm.active || dsc.active)) {
out.active = 0 ;
}
if (verbose > 1) {
#define PRNFO(name,fm) \
printf("sift: " name) ; \
printf("%3s ", (fm).active ? "yes" : "no") ; \
printf("%-6s ", vl_string_protocol_name ((fm).protocol)) ; \
printf("%-10s\n", (fm).pattern) ;
PRNFO("write aggregate . ", out) ;
PRNFO("write frames .... ", frm) ;
PRNFO("write descriptors ", dsc) ;
PRNFO("write meta ...... ", met) ;
PRNFO("write GSS ....... ", gss) ;
PRNFO("read frames .... ", ifr) ;
if (force_orientations)
printf("sift: will compute orientations\n") ;
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------
* Process one image per time
* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
while (argc--) {
char basename [1024] ;
char const *name = *argv++ ;
FILE *in = 0 ;
vl_uint8 *data = 0 ;
vl_sift_pix *fdata = 0 ;
VlPgmImage pim ;
VlSiftFilt *filt = 0 ;
int q, i ;
vl_bool first ;
double *ikeys = 0 ;
int nikeys = 0, ikeys_size = 0 ;
/* ...............................................................
* Determine files
* ............................................................ */
/* get basenmae from filename */
q = vl_string_basename (basename, sizeof(basename), name, 1) ;
err = (q >= sizeof(basename)) ;
if (err) {
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"Basename of '%s' is too long", name);
err = VL_ERR_OVERFLOW ;
goto done ;
}
if (verbose) {
printf ("sift: <== '%s'\n", name) ;
}
if (verbose > 1) {
printf ("sift: basename is '%s'\n", basename) ;
}
/* open input file */
in = fopen (name, "rb") ;
if (!in) {
err = VL_ERR_IO ;
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"Could not open '%s' for reading.", name) ;
goto done ;
}
/* ...............................................................
* Read data
* ............................................................ */
/* read PGM header */
err = vl_pgm_extract_head (in, &pim) ;
if (err) {
switch (vl_err_no) {
case VL_ERR_PGM_IO :
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"Cannot read from '%s'.", name) ;
err = VL_ERR_IO ;
break ;
case VL_ERR_PGM_INV_HEAD :
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"'%s' contains a malformed PGM header.", name) ;
err = VL_ERR_IO ;
goto done ;
}
}
if (verbose)
printf ("sift: image is %d by %d pixels\n",
pim. width,
pim. height) ;
/* allocate buffer */
data = malloc(vl_pgm_get_npixels (&pim) *
vl_pgm_get_bpp (&pim) * sizeof (vl_uint8) ) ;
fdata = malloc(vl_pgm_get_npixels (&pim) *
vl_pgm_get_bpp (&pim) * sizeof (vl_sift_pix)) ;
if (!data || !fdata) {
err = VL_ERR_ALLOC ;
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"Could not allocate enough memory.") ;
goto done ;
}
/* read PGM body */
err = vl_pgm_extract_data (in, &pim, data) ;
if (err) {
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg), "PGM body malformed.") ;
err = VL_ERR_IO ;
goto done ;
}
/* convert data type */
for (q = 0 ; q < pim.width * pim.height ; ++q)
fdata [q] = data [q] ;
/* ...............................................................
* Optionally source keypoints
* ............................................................ */
#define WERR(name,op) \
if (err == VL_ERR_OVERFLOW) { \
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg), \
"Output file name too long.") ; \
goto done ; \
} else if (err) { \
snprintf(err_msg, sizeof(err_msg), \
"Could not open '%s' for " #op, name) ; \
goto done ; \
}
if (ifr.active) {
/* open file */
err = vl_file_meta_open (&ifr, basename, "rb") ;
WERR(ifr.name, reading) ;
#define QERR \
if (err ) { \
snprintf (err_msg, sizeof(err_msg), \
"'%s' malformed", ifr.name) ; \
err = VL_ERR_IO ; \
goto done ; \
}
while (1) {
double x, y, s, th ;
/* read next guy */
err = vl_file_meta_get_double (&ifr, &x) ;
if (err == VL_ERR_EOF) break;
else QERR ;
err = vl_file_meta_get_double (&ifr, &y ) ; QERR ;
err = vl_file_meta_get_double (&ifr, &s ) ; QERR ;
err = vl_file_meta_get_double (&ifr, &th) ;
if (err == VL_ERR_EOF) break;
else QERR ;
/* make enough space */
if (ikeys_size < nikeys + 1) {
ikeys_size += 10000 ;
ikeys = realloc (ikeys, 4 * sizeof(double) * ikeys_size) ;
}
/* add the guy to the buffer */
ikeys [4 * nikeys + 0] = x ;
ikeys [4 * nikeys + 1] = y ;
ikeys [4 * nikeys + 2] = s ;
ikeys [4 * nikeys + 3] = th ;
++ nikeys ;
}
/* now order by scale */
qsort (ikeys, nikeys, 4 * sizeof(double), korder) ;
if (verbose) {
printf ("sift: read %d keypoints from '%s'\n", nikeys, ifr.name) ;
}
/* close file */
vl_file_meta_close (&ifr) ;
}
/* ...............................................................
* Open output files
* ............................................................ */
err = vl_file_meta_open (&out, basename, "wb") ; WERR(out.name, writing) ;
err = vl_file_meta_open (&dsc, basename, "wb") ; WERR(dsc.name, writing) ;
err = vl_file_meta_open (&frm, basename, "wb") ; WERR(frm.name, writing) ;
err = vl_file_meta_open (&met, basename, "wb") ; WERR(met.name, writing) ;
if (verbose > 1) {
if (out.active) printf("sift: writing all ....... to . '%s'\n", out.name);
if (frm.active) printf("sift: writing frames .... to . '%s'\n", frm.name);
if (dsc.active) printf("sift: writing descriptors to . '%s'\n", dsc.name);
if (met.active) printf("sift: writign meta ...... to . '%s'\n", met.name);
}
/* ...............................................................
* Make filter
* ............................................................ */
filt = vl_sift_new (pim.width, pim.height, O, S, omin) ;
if (edge_thresh >= 0) vl_sift_set_edge_thresh (filt, edge_thresh) ;
if (peak_thresh >= 0) vl_sift_set_peak_thresh (filt, peak_thresh) ;
if (magnif >= 0) vl_sift_set_magnif (filt, magnif) ;
if (!filt) {
snprintf (err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"Could not create SIFT filter.") ;
err = VL_ERR_ALLOC ;
goto done ;
}
if (verbose > 1) {
printf ("sift: filter settings:\n") ;
printf ("sift: octaves (O) = %d\n",
vl_sift_get_noctaves (filt)) ;
printf ("sift: levels (S) = %d\n",
vl_sift_get_nlevels (filt)) ;
printf ("sift: first octave (o_min) = %d\n",
vl_sift_get_octave_first (filt)) ;
printf ("sift: edge thresh = %g\n",
vl_sift_get_edge_thresh (filt)) ;
printf ("sift: peak thresh = %g\n",
vl_sift_get_peak_thresh (filt)) ;
printf ("sift: magnif = %g\n",
vl_sift_get_magnif (filt)) ;
printf ("sift: will source frames? %s\n",
ikeys ? "yes" : "no") ;
printf ("sift: will force orientations? %s\n",
force_orientations ? "yes" : "no") ;
}
/* ...............................................................
* Process each octave
* ............................................................ */
i = 0 ;
first = 1 ;
while (1) {
VlSiftKeypoint const *keys ;
int nkeys ;
/* calculate the GSS for the next octave .................... */
if (first) {
first = 0 ;
err = vl_sift_process_first_octave (filt, fdata) ;
} else {
err = vl_sift_process_next_octave (filt) ;
}
if (err) {
err = VL_ERR_OK ;
break ;
}
if (verbose > 1) {
printf("sift: GSS octave %d computed\n",
vl_sift_get_octave_index (filt));
}
/* optionally save GSS */
if (gss.active) {
err = save_gss (filt, &gss, basename, verbose) ;
if (err) {
snprintf (err_msg, sizeof(err_msg),
"Could not write GSS to PGM file.") ;
goto done ;
}
}
/* run detector ............................................. */
if (ikeys == 0) {
vl_sift_detect (filt) ;
keys = vl_sift_get_keypoints (filt) ;
nkeys = vl_sift_get_nkeypoints (filt) ;
i = 0 ;
if (verbose > 1) {
printf ("sift: detected %d (unoriented) keypoints\n", nkeys) ;
}
} else {
nkeys = nikeys ;
}
/* for each keypoint ........................................ */
for (; i < nkeys ; ++i) {
double angles [4] ;
int nangles ;
VlSiftKeypoint ik ;
VlSiftKeypoint const *k ;
/* obtain keypoint orientations ........................... */
if (ikeys) {
vl_sift_keypoint_init (filt, &ik,
ikeys [4 * i + 0],
ikeys [4 * i + 1],
ikeys [4 * i + 2]) ;
if (ik.o != vl_sift_get_octave_index (filt)) {
break ;
}
k = &ik ;
/* optionally compute orientations too */
if (force_orientations) {
nangles = vl_sift_calc_keypoint_orientations
(filt, angles, k) ;
} else {
angles [0] = ikeys [4 * i + 3] ;
nangles = 1 ;
}
} else {
k = keys + i ;
nangles = vl_sift_calc_keypoint_orientations
(filt, angles, k) ;
}
/* for each orientation ................................... */
for (q = 0 ; q < nangles ; ++q) {
vl_sift_pix descr [128] ;
/* compute descriptor (if necessary) */
if (out.active || dsc.active) {
vl_sift_calc_keypoint_descriptor
(filt, descr, k, angles [q]) ;
}
if (out.active) {
int l ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&out, k -> x ) ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&out, k -> y ) ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&out, k -> sigma ) ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&out, angles [q] ) ;
for (l = 0 ; l < 128 ; ++l) {
vl_file_meta_put_uint8 (&out, (vl_uint8) (512.0 * descr [l])) ;
}
if (out.protocol == VL_PROT_ASCII) fprintf(out.file, "\n") ;
}
if (frm.active) {
vl_file_meta_put_double (&frm, k -> x ) ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&frm, k -> y ) ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&frm, k -> sigma ) ;
vl_file_meta_put_double (&frm, angles [q] ) ;
if (frm.protocol == VL_PROT_ASCII) fprintf(frm.file, "\n") ;
}
if (dsc.active) {
int l ;
for (l = 0 ; l < 128 ; ++l) {
double x = 512.0 * descr[l] ;
x = (x < 255.0) ? x : 255.0 ;
vl_file_meta_put_uint8 (&dsc, (vl_uint8) (x)) ;
}
if (dsc.protocol == VL_PROT_ASCII) fprintf(dsc.file, "\n") ;
}
}
}
}
/* ...............................................................
* Finish up
* ............................................................ */
if (met.active) {
fprintf(met.file, "<sift\n") ;
fprintf(met.file, " input = '%s'\n", name) ;
if (dsc.active) {
fprintf(met.file, " descriptors = '%s'\n", dsc.name) ;
}
if (frm.active) {
fprintf(met.file," frames = '%s'\n", frm.name) ;
}
fprintf(met.file, ">\n") ;
}
done :
/* release input keys buffer */
if (ikeys) {
free (ikeys) ;
ikeys_size = nikeys = 0 ;
ikeys = 0 ;
}
/* release filter */
if (filt) {
vl_sift_delete (filt) ;
filt = 0 ;
}
/* release image data */
if (fdata) {
free (fdata) ;
fdata = 0 ;
}
/* release image data */
if (data) {
free (data) ;
data = 0 ;
}
/* close files */
if (in) {
fclose (in) ;
in = 0 ;
}
vl_file_meta_close (&out) ;
vl_file_meta_close (&frm) ;
vl_file_meta_close (&dsc) ;
vl_file_meta_close (&met) ;
vl_file_meta_close (&gss) ;
vl_file_meta_close (&ifr) ;
/* if bad print error message */
if (err) {
fprintf
(stderr,
"sift: err: %s (%d)\n",
err_msg,
err) ;
exit_code = 1 ;
}
}
/* quit */
return exit_code ;
}
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