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15825391
15825391
[ { "id": "15825391__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Molecular basis for the selective toxicity of amphotericin B for yeast and filipin for animal cells. Among the polyene antibiotics, many, like filipin, cannot be used clinically because they are toxic; amphotericin B, however, is useful in t...
[ { "id": "15825391_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15825391_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "filipin" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ...
[]
[]
[]
1089817
1089817
[ { "id": "1089817__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Ascorbic acid and the common cold. Evaluation of its efficacy and toxicity. We reviewed the clinical data relating to the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic doses of ascorbic acid in the prevention and treatment of the common cold. Although...
[ { "id": "1089817_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1089817_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 18...
[]
[]
[]
7654327
7654327
[ { "id": "7654327__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells in response to vitamin D and antiestrogens. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D, is a potent inhibitor of breast cancer cell growth both in vivo and ...
[ { "id": "7654327_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "vitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7654327_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antiestrogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 88 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "7654327_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7654327_T11", "arg2_id": "7654327_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7654327_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7654327_T13", "arg2_id": "7654327_T14", "normalized": [] } ]
2981680
2981680
[ { "id": "2981680__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Intestinal absorption of arsenate in the chick. The intestinal absorption of arsenate(As(V)) has been investigated in the chick by means of the in situ ligated duodenal loop technique. By this procedure, it was observed that arsenate is rapid...
[ { "id": "2981680_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "arsenate" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2981680_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "arsenate" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "2981680_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "2981680_T14", "arg2_id": "2981680_T15", "normalized": [] } ]
3969689
3969689
[ { "id": "3969689__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen by concomitant administration of caffeine in the rat. Since caffeine is frequently co-administered with acetaminophen, it is of clinical interest to study the effect of caffeine on the hepatotoxicity ...
[ { "id": "3969689_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3969689_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 83 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3969689_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3969689_T1", "arg2_id": "3969689_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3969689_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3969689_T8", "arg2_id": "3969689_T9", "normalized": [] } ]
11158747
11158747
[ { "id": "11158747__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetic Interaction between amprenavir and rifabutin or rifampin in healthy males. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a pharmacokinetic interaction when amprenavir is given with rifabutin or rifampin and to dete...
[ { "id": "11158747_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amprenavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11158747_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rifabutin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 60 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11158747_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11158747_T20", "arg2_id": "11158747_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11158747_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11158747_T20", "arg2_id": "11158747_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11158747_R3", "...
15830476
15830476
[ { "id": "15830476__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effect of probenecid on the apparent volume of distribution and elimination of cloxacillin. According to Gibaldi et al. (1968, 1970), the higher serum concentrations of penicillins and cephaloridine reached after administration of probenecid...
[ { "id": "15830476_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "probenecid" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15830476_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cloxacillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 90 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "15830476_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "15830476_T3", "arg2_id": "15830476_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15830476_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "15830476_T4", "arg2_id": "15830476_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15830476_R3", "type...
11271411
11271411
[ { "id": "11271411__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Acute hydrocortisone administration does not affect subjective responses to d-amphetamine in humans. RATIONALE: Stress and glucocorticoids facilitate and reinstate psychostimulant self-administration in rodents. However, the effects of stres...
[ { "id": "11271411_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "hydrocortisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11271411_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "d-amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, ...
[]
[]
[]
11217868
11217868
[ { "id": "11217868__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The emerging roles of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in antiretroviral therapy. The availability of potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens for antiretroviral therapy and concerns regardi...
[ { "id": "11217868_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11217868_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antiretroviral" ], "off...
[]
[]
[]
1115721
1115721
[ { "id": "1115721__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug interactions: How to identify them. Interactions between theraputic agents have been recognized as increasingly important causes of drug at their usual recommended dose may, under certain conditions, produce toxicity of life-endangering ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
11137320
11137320
[ { "id": "11137320__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress in rat brain and liver is prevented by vitamin E or allopurinol. Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides, this study wa...
[ { "id": "11137320_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Cypermethrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137320_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 86 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11137320_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11137320_T1", "arg2_id": "11137320_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137320_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11137320_T1", "arg2_id": "11137320_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137320_R3", "type": "EF...
3918122
3918122
[ { "id": "3918122__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Selective survival in pentazocine and tripelennamine of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O11 from drug addicts. The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly serotype O11, in pentazocine and tripelennamine was evaluated as a possible expl...
[ { "id": "3918122_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentazocine" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3918122_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "tripelennamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 52 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3918122_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3918122_T6", "arg2_id": "3918122_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3918122_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3918122_T8", "arg2_id": "3918122_T9", "normalized": [] } ]
6545985
6545985
[ { "id": "6545985__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction on the antinociceptive effect between neurotensin and enkephalins or tuftsin. The aim of this paper was to study the interaction between neurotensin and both enkephalins or its synthetic analogue D-Ala2-metenkephalinamide, or tuft...
[ { "id": "6545985_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "neurotensin" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "6545985_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "enkephalins" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 77...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "6545985_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "6545985_T1", "arg2_id": "6545985_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "6545985_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "6545985_T1", "arg2_id": "6545985_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "6545985_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
7635041
7635041
[ { "id": "7635041__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Immunosuppressive drugs and their complications. Drugs that suppress the immune system are widely used. They are part of the treatment of patients with organ transplants, malignancy, and increasingly those with conditions such as psoriasis, r...
[ { "id": "7635041_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Immunosuppressive drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7635041_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "immunosuppressive drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ ...
[]
[]
[]
15825399
15825399
[ { "id": "15825399__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Studies on the mechanism of action of miconazole: effect of miconazole on respiration and cell permeability of Candida albicans. The antifungal drug, miconazole nitrate, inhibits the growth of several species of Candida. Candida albicans, on...
[ { "id": "15825399_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15825399_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "miconazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 70 ...
[]
[]
[]
11210678
11210678
[ { "id": "11210678__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effect of diazepam and midazolam on the antinociceptive effect of morphine, metamizol and indomethacin in mice. The influence of midazolam and diazepam on antinociceptive effect of morphine (10 mg/kg), metamizol (500 mg/kg) and indomethacin ...
[ { "id": "11210678_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11210678_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11210678_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11210678_T14", "arg2_id": "11210678_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11210678_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11210678_T17", "arg2_id": "11210678_T18", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11210678_R3", "type":...
11121884
11121884
[ { "id": "11121884__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interference of biocytin with opioid-evoked hyperpolarization and membrane properties of rat spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons. In our laboratory, preliminary whole-cell, tight seal recordings of rat spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons i...
[ { "id": "11121884_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "opioid" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11121884_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "selective opioid agonists" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, ...
[]
[]
[]
11178969
11178969
[ { "id": "11178969__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Green tea polyphenols as potent enhancers of glucocorticoid-induced mouse mammary tumor virus gene expression. The effect of natural and synthetic galloyl esters on glucocorticoid-induced gene expression was evaluated by using rat fibroblast...
[ { "id": "11178969_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Green tea polyphenols" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11178969_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "enhancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, ...
[]
[]
[]
11064383
11064383
[ { "id": "11064383__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Note: dissolution of aerosol particles of budesonide in Survanta, a model lung surfactant. The effect of a pulmonary surfactant extract from bovine lung, Survanta, on the dissolution rate of aerosol particles of budesonide was determined. Ae...
[ { "id": "11064383_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "budesonide" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11064383_T2", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "Survanta" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 64 ...
[]
[]
[]
11206187
11206187
[ { "id": "11206187__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Vancomycin resistance reversal in enterococci by flavonoids. The development of clinical vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci (VRE) is a major cause for concern. Here we show that a combination of galangin or 3,7-dihydroxyflavone with...
[ { "id": "11206187_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "galangin" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11206187_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 252 ...
[]
[]
[]
10978746
10978746
[ { "id": "10978746__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Differential regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in tumor cells by contortrostatin, a homodimeric disintegrin, and monomeric disintegrins echistatin and flavoridin. The homodimeric disintegrin contortrostatin was compared directly to the ...
[ { "id": "10978746_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "contortrostatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "10978746_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "echistatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "10978746_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "10978746_T8", "arg2_id": "10978746_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "10978746_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "10978746_T11", "arg2_id": "10978746_T12", "normalized": [] } ]
10978751
10978751
[ { "id": "10978751__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Modification of surface histidine residues abolishes the cytotoxic activity of Clostridium difficile toxin A. Clostridium difficile toxin A displays both cytotoxic and enterotoxic activities. It has recently been demonstrated that toxin A ex...
[ { "id": "10978751_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "Clostridium difficile toxin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "10978751_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "Clostridium difficile toxin A" ], "off...
[]
[]
[]
11137351
11137351
[ { "id": "11137351__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effect of ginsenosides on voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes in bovine chromaffin cells. In previous reports we have shown that ginsenosides inhibit high threshold voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in neuronal cells. However, these st...
[ { "id": "11137351_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "ginsenosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137351_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "ginsenosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, ...
[]
[]
[]
11115418
11115418
[ { "id": "11115418__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The mechanism of resveratrol-induced vasorelaxation differs in the mesenteric resistance arteries of lean and obese rats. Resveratrol has been shown to induce vasorelaxation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) of resveratrol-ind...
[ { "id": "11115418_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "resveratrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11115418_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "Resveratrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, ...
[]
[]
[]
11206417
11206417
[ { "id": "11206417__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Glucose and insulin exert additive ocular and renal vasodilator effects on healthy humans. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: There is evidence that insulin and glucose cause renal and ocular vasodilation. There is, however, currently no data on the effect of...
[ { "id": "11206417_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11206417_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 19 ] ...
[]
[]
[]
11166779
11166779
[ { "id": "11166779__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effects of etofibrate upon the metabolism of chylomicron-like emulsions in patients with coronary artery disease. Slow chylomicron intravascular catabolism has been associated with coronary artery disease and screening for drugs that can spe...
[ { "id": "11166779_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11166779_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etofibrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 318 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11166779_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11166779_T5", "arg2_id": "11166779_T6", "normalized": [] } ]
1167797
1167797
[ { "id": "1167797__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction between oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone and its effect on the milk secretion by alveoli of the mammary gland of lactating rats. Interaction between exogenous and endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin was found to affect the mechan...
[ { "id": "1167797_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1167797_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 195 ]...
[]
[]
[]
11206048
11206048
[ { "id": "11206048__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Phenytoin intoxication induced by fluvoxamine. A patient had phenytoin intoxication after administration of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The serum concentration of phenytoin increased dramatically from 16.6 to 49.1 ...
[ { "id": "11206048_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11206048_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "fluvoxamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 119...
[]
[]
[]
11180038
11180038
[ { "id": "11180038__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Longitudinal assessment of everolimus in de novo renal transplant recipients over the first post-transplant year: pharmacokinetics, exposure-response relationships, and influence on cyclosporine. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize ...
[ { "id": "11180038_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "everolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11180038_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 194...
[]
[]
[]
6545279
6545279
[ { "id": "6545279__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Excretion of thioethers in urine after exposure to electrophilic chemicals. Electrophilic agents--a class of chemicals that includes most genotoxic compounds--can be inactivated by reaction with glutathione or other SH-bearing molecules. The ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
6443625
6443625
[ { "id": "6443625__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Changes in urinary homocysteine following synthetic steroidal estrogen and progestogen administration to rats. The present work involved the administration of both ethynyl estradiol and levonorgestrel to groups of rats, followed by determinat...
[ { "id": "6443625_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "synthetic steroidal estrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "6443625_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "synthetic steroidal", "progestogen" ], ...
[]
[]
[]
3871245
3871245
[ { "id": "3871245__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Neurochemical and functional consequences following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and methamphetamine. The neurochemical and functional consequences following MPTP administration to the rat were evaluated and compared to...
[ { "id": "3871245_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3871245_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "MPTP" ], "offsets": [ ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3871245_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3871245_T6", "arg2_id": "3871245_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3871245_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3871245_T8", "arg2_id": "3871245_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3871245_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
1113260
1113260
[ { "id": "1113260__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In vitro interaction of prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin in placental vessels. The interaction of prostaglandin F2alpha and synthetic oxytocin on placental vessels was studied in vitro. Resistance was measured near the placental margin afte...
[ { "id": "1113260_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "prostaglandin F2alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1113260_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "1113260_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "1113260_T1", "arg2_id": "1113260_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1113260_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "1113260_T8", "arg2_id": "1113260_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1113260_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
11155575
11155575
[ { "id": "11155575__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Systemic antibiotic agents. Understanding the breadth of systemic antimicrobial agents available for use by the dermatologist and their associated side-effect profiles and drug interactions allows the clinician to offer patients optimal care...
[ { "id": "11155575_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antibiotic agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11155575_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antimicrobial agents" ], "offsets": [ [ ...
[]
[]
[]
11125022
11125022
[ { "id": "11125022__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Increased stability of nucleophosmin/B23 in anti-apoptotic effect of ras during serum deprivation. We obtained evidence that increased stability of nucleophosmin/B23 is involved in antiapoptotic effect of ras during serum deprivation. Nucleo...
[]
[]
[]
[]
2982252
2982252
[ { "id": "2982252__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Influence of calcium-channel blockers on platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism. Available data indicate that platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism are important factors in hemostasis and regulation of vascular tone. Pl...
[ { "id": "2982252_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "calcium-channel blockers" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2982252_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "Slow-channel calcium blockers" ], "offsets": [ ...
[]
[]
[]
7780789
7780789
[ { "id": "7780789__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[Hippocampus as interaction sites between cerebral memory systems]\nMost of the current theories assume that there are multiple forms of memory that are supported by separate brain systems and have different characteristics. Animals studies o...
[]
[]
[]
[]
11160777
11160777
[ { "id": "11160777__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem not only in the United States but also across the world. There is now strong evidence that intensive contro...
[ { "id": "11160777_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "glitazones" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11160777_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "thiazolidinediones" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, ...
[]
[]
[]
7794883
7794883
[ { "id": "7794883__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction between glycine and glutamate in the development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. In this study we investigated whether also glycine fulfils the function as co-activator in glutamatergic activation of NMDA receptors in th...
[ { "id": "7794883_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7794883_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "glutamate" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 41 ] ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "7794883_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7794883_T1", "arg2_id": "7794883_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7794883_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7794883_T6", "arg2_id": "7794883_T7", "normalized": [] } ]
11213561
11213561
[ { "id": "11213561__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[Drug treatment of erection disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease]\nErectile dysfunction is a frequent condition in cardiovascular patients. Since the arrival of oral erection-supporting medication, patients want to know how safe...
[ { "id": "11213561_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "erection-supporting medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11213561_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "erection-supporting medication" ], "of...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11213561_R1", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "11213561_T4", "arg2_id": "11213561_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11213561_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "11213561_T4", "arg2_id": "11213561_T6", "normalized": [] } ]
11125235
11125235
[ { "id": "11125235__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Suppression by verapamil of bombesin-enhanced peritoneal metastasis of intestinal adenocarcinomas induced by azoxymethane in wistar rats. BACKGROUND: The effects of combined administration of bombesin and verapamil hydrochloride (verapamil),...
[ { "id": "11125235_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11125235_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "bombesin" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 36 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11125235_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11125235_T1", "arg2_id": "11125235_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11125235_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11125235_T16", "arg2_id": "11125235_T17", "normalized": [] } ]
46730
46730
[ { "id": "46730__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Repeated oral administration of coumaphos in sheep: interactions of coumaphos with bishydroxycoumarin, trichlorfon, and phenobarbital sodium. Interactions between treatments with coumaphos, bishydroxycoumarin (an anticoagulant), trichlorfon (an...
[ { "id": "46730_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "coumaphos" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "46730_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "coumaphos" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 77 ]...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "46730_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "46730_T14", "arg2_id": "46730_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "46730_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "46730_T16", "arg2_id": "46730_T17", "normalized": [] } ]
11114408
11114408
[ { "id": "11114408__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Combinations of clozapine and phencyclidine: effects on drug discrimination and behavioral inhibition in rats. Phencyclidine (PCP) produces psychotomimetic effects in humans that resemble schizophrenia symptoms. In an effort to screen compou...
[ { "id": "11114408_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "clozapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11114408_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "phencyclidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43...
[]
[]
[]
11180036
11180036
[ { "id": "11180036__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetic interaction between single oral doses of diltiazem and sirolimus in healthy volunteers. AIM AND BACKGROUND: The pharmacokinetic interaction between sirolimus, a macrolide immunosuppressant metabolized by CYP3A4, and the calci...
[ { "id": "11180036_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11180036_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sirolimus" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 80 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11180036_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11180036_T1", "arg2_id": "11180036_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11180036_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11180036_T11", "arg2_id": "11180036_T12", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11180036_R3", "ty...
11144988
11144988
[ { "id": "11144988__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effect of rofecoxib on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in healthy volunteers. The authors examined the effect of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, rofecoxib, at steady state on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin following a single dose in...
[ { "id": "11144988_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "rofecoxib" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11144988_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 54 ]...
[]
[]
[]
1116650
1116650
[ { "id": "1116650__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Responses to arginine of the perfused pancreas of the genetically diabetic Chinese hamster. Nonketotic, genetically diabetic Cinese hamsters show subnormal pancreatic insulin release and impaired suppression of glucagon in response to glucose...
[ { "id": "1116650_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "arginine" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1116650_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "arginine" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 468 ]...
[]
[]
[]
11151029
11151029
[ { "id": "11151029__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Acute effect of different antidepressants on glycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Diabetic patients have a 20% higher risk of depression than the general population. Treatment with antidepressant drugs can directly interfere with bloo...
[ { "id": "11151029_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11151029_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidepressant drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11151029_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "11151029_T2", "arg2_id": "11151029_T3", "normalized": [] } ]
11085328
11085328
[ { "id": "11085328__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effects of DCG-IV and L-CCG-1 upon phencyclidine (PCP)-induced locomotion and behavioral changes in mice. The behavioral changes of mice induced by acute and repeated i.p. injection of phencyclidine (PCP) were observed by measuring locom...
[ { "id": "11085328_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "DCG-IV" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11085328_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "L-CCG-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 33 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11085328_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11085328_T10", "arg2_id": "11085328_T11", "normalized": [] } ]
2857499
2857499
[ { "id": "2857499__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[Quantitative approach to treatment with incisive neuroleptics by therapeutic monitoring]; The problems encountered during the longterm treatment of psychotic patients with neuroleptics are illustrated by six typical case reports. A group of ...
[ { "id": "2857499_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "neuroleptics" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857499_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "neuroleptics" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 1...
[]
[]
[]
3966974
3966974
[ { "id": "3966974__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Misonidazole protects mouse tumour and normal tissues from the toxicity of oral CCNU. Because the nitrosourea CCNU is given exclusively by the oral route in man, we have carried out studies in mice on the antitumour activity, acute toxicity a...
[ { "id": "3966974_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "Misonidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3966974_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "CCNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 84 ] ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3966974_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3966974_T1", "arg2_id": "3966974_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3966974_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3966974_T9", "arg2_id": "3966974_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3966974_R3", "type": "MECHANIS...
7744123
7744123
[ { "id": "7744123__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetic profile of etodolac in special populations. The pharmacokinetics of etodolac in healthy normal volunteers has been extensively studied and is well described. Etodolac is characterised by a high oral bioavailability, low cleara...
[ { "id": "7744123_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etodolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7744123_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "etodolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 92 ] ...
[]
[]
[]
11210403
11210403
[ { "id": "11210403__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Lack of interaction between levofloxacin and oxycodone: pharmacokinetics and drug disposition. Previous studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the oral bioavailability of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin when administered concom...
[ { "id": "11210403_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "levofloxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11210403_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "oxycodone" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11210403_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11210403_T3", "arg2_id": "11210403_T5", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11210403_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11210403_T3", "arg2_id": "11210403_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11210403_R3", "type...
7496198
7496198
[ { "id": "7496198__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[2 epidemics of arsenical encephalopathy in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, Uganda, 1992-1993] Since 1988, the french non-governmental organisation M decins Sans Fronti res is running a control program of human african trypanosomiasis in ...
[ { "id": "7496198_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "melarsoprol" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7496198_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "melarsoprol" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 739...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "7496198_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7496198_T3", "arg2_id": "7496198_T4", "normalized": [] } ]
11152855
11152855
[ { "id": "11152855__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effect of dofetillide on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. The effect of dofetilide on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind study. Five days of dofetilide treatment did not significantly aff...
[ { "id": "11152855_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "dofetillide" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11152855_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 56 ...
[]
[]
[]
2857099
2857099
[ { "id": "2857099__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[The GABA-ergic system and brain edema] It has been shown in rats with experimental toxic and traumatic edemas that picrotoxin (1 mg/kg) removes the antiedematous action of diazepam, phenazepam, phenibut and amizyl and reduces the action of p...
[ { "id": "2857099_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "picrotoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857099_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 181 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "2857099_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "2857099_T1", "arg2_id": "2857099_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857099_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "2857099_T1", "arg2_id": "2857099_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857099_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
11172561
11172561
[ { "id": "11172561__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular drugs in patients with chronic renal disease. Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity and a major cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal disease. Drug regimens in patients ...
[]
[]
[]
[]
11137650
11137650
[ { "id": "11137650__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In vitro activity of KRM-1648, either singly or in combination with ofloxacin, against Mycobacterium ulcerans. The antimicrobial effect of a benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, either alone or in combination with ofloxacin, was evaluated in vitr...
[ { "id": "11137650_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "KRM-1648" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137650_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ofloxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 77 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11137650_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11137650_T9", "arg2_id": "11137650_T10", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137650_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11137650_T11", "arg2_id": "11137650_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137650_R3", "type": ...
11197768
11197768
[ { "id": "11197768__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni. The specific objectives of this study were to elucidate metal toxicity to hatching, survival and avoidance behaviour of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. The toxicity of cadmium,...
[ { "id": "11197768_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11197768_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 246 ] ]...
[]
[]
[]
3155550
3155550
[ { "id": "3155550__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Differential actions of intrathecal naloxone on blocking the tail-flick inhibition induced by intraventricular beta-endorphin and morphine in rats. In the present study, it is proposed that the opioids applied to supraspinal brain sites produ...
[ { "id": "3155550_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "naloxone" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3155550_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "beta-endorphin" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 125...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3155550_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3155550_T10", "arg2_id": "3155550_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3155550_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3155550_T12", "arg2_id": "3155550_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3155550_R3", "type": "EFFEC...
2857198
2857198
[ { "id": "2857198__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Dual effect of ouabain on the palytoxin-induced contraction and norepinephrine release in the guinea-pig vas deferens. Palytoxin (PTX), C129H223N3O54, isolated from marine coelenterates of Palythoa tuberculosa, caused a first rapid contractio...
[ { "id": "2857198_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ouabain" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857198_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "palytoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ]...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "2857198_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "2857198_T5", "arg2_id": "2857198_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857198_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "2857198_T8", "arg2_id": "2857198_T9", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857198_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
7599505
7599505
[ { "id": "7599505__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interactions of cobalt and iron in absorption and retention. The effects of supplementary oral cobalt and iron, as well as the interaction between both at the absorption site, fecal and urinary excretion as well as the retention of these trac...
[ { "id": "7599505_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cobalt" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7599505_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 31 ] ], ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "7599505_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "7599505_T1", "arg2_id": "7599505_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7599505_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "7599505_T10", "arg2_id": "7599505_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7599505_R3", "type": "M...
11085333
11085333
[ { "id": "11085333__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Behavioral responses to repeated cocaine exposure in mice selectively bred for differential sensitivity to pentobarbital. Mice from the 20th generation of three lines divergently selected for response to pentobarbital-induced sedation times ...
[ { "id": "11085333_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11085333_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "pentobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 120 ...
[]
[]
[]
3968644
3968644
[ { "id": "3968644__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Stereoselective behavioral effects of N-allylnormetazocine in pigeons and squirrel monkeys. The behavioral effects of the stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine (NANM) were compared with those of phencyclidine (PCP) in pigeons and squirrel mon...
[ { "id": "3968644_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "N-allylnormetazocine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3968644_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "N-allylnormetazocine" ], "offsets": [ [ ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3968644_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3968644_T14", "arg2_id": "3968644_T16", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3968644_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3968644_T17", "arg2_id": "3968644_T20", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3968644_R3", "type": "EFFEC...
11199955
11199955
[ { "id": "11199955__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effects of concomitant phenytoin administration on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of quetiapine. Quetiapine fumarate ('Seroquel') is a newly introduced atypical antipsychotic with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of positive and...
[ { "id": "11199955_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11199955_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "quetiapine" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 102 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11199955_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11199955_T7", "arg2_id": "11199955_T8", "normalized": [] } ]
7756960
7756960
[ { "id": "7756960__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[The effect of sandimmune on the activity of mixed-function mono-oxidases in the liver microsomes] The effects of the immunodepressant--the drug sandimmune--on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities were studied. The agent was found to p...
[ { "id": "7756960_T1", "type": "BRAND", "text": [ "sandimmune" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7756960_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "immunodepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, ...
[]
[]
[]
4469683
4469683
[ { "id": "4469683__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interferon induction: tool for establishing interactions among homopolyribonucleotides. Hitherto unrecognized interactions between homopolyribonucleotides and complexes thereof are suggested by interferon induction data obtained in a highly s...
[]
[]
[]
[]
1115367
1115367
[ { "id": "1115367__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction of ketamine and halothane in rats. The interaction of intramuscularly injected ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite (metabolite I) with halothane was evaluated in rats. Five, 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg of ketamine alone or 20, 50, ...
[ { "id": "1115367_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ketamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1115367_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "halothane" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 37 ] ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "1115367_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "1115367_T1", "arg2_id": "1115367_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1115367_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "1115367_T6", "arg2_id": "1115367_T7", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1115367_R3", "type": "MECHANISM...
10959916
10959916
[ { "id": "10959916__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Optimal designs for the individual and joint exposure general logistic regression models. Interest in administering compounds in combination lies both in enhancing efficacious effects and in limiting adverse effects. Although much statistica...
[]
[]
[]
[]
11213358
11213358
[ { "id": "11213358__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Influence of estradiol and progesterone on the sensitivity of rat thoracic aorta to noradrenaline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low and high doses of estradiol, and of progesterone on the response to noradrenaline ...
[ { "id": "11213358_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11213358_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "progesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 39 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11213358_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11213358_T10", "arg2_id": "11213358_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11213358_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11213358_T12", "arg2_id": "11213358_T13", "normalized": [] } ]
11121387
11121387
[ { "id": "11121387__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A proposed mechanism for the potentiation of cAMP-mediated acid secretion by carbachol. Acid secretion in isolated rabbit gastric glands was monitored by the accumulation of [(14)C]aminopyrine. Stimulation of the glands with carbachol synerg...
[ { "id": "11121387_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "carbachol" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11121387_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "aminopyrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 192 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11121387_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11121387_T5", "arg2_id": "11121387_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11121387_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11121387_T7", "arg2_id": "11121387_T8", "normalized": [] } ]
6536282
6536282
[ { "id": "6536282__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Altered responsiveness to alcohol after exposure to organic lead. Ethyl alcohol is known to effect the functional integrity of the limbic system, particularly the hippocampus, and to alter behaviors which are thought to be mediated through li...
[ { "id": "6536282_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "6536282_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Ethyl alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 79 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "6536282_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "6536282_T10", "arg2_id": "6536282_T11", "normalized": [] } ]
11218973
11218973
[ { "id": "11218973__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[Pharmacologic interactions in chronic treatments: corrective measures for its prevention in a basic area of rural health]\nOBJECTIVES: To identify the pharmacological interactions of clinical relevance (PICR) in the medication authorization...
[]
[]
[]
[]
8640374
8640374
[ { "id": "8640374__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Administration of lithium prophylaxis. Successful prophylaxis of manic-depressive disorder requires more than the prescription of lithium carbonate. The administrative arrangements in an area of Scotland were accompanied by a 300% increase in...
[ { "id": "8640374_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "8640374_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "lithium carbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 147...
[]
[]
[]
7653281
7653281
[ { "id": "7653281__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction of the constituents of alcoholic beverages in the promotion of liver damage. Little has been studied of the adverse effects of the exposure of the liver to the interaction of ethanol with its congeners and acetaldehyde, coexisting...
[ { "id": "7653281_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7653281_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "acetaldehyde" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 230 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "7653281_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7653281_T9", "arg2_id": "7653281_T10", "normalized": [] } ]
7786695
7786695
[ { "id": "7786695__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Magnesium and therapeutics. Two different types of therapy with magnesium are used: physiological oral magnesium supplementation which is totally atoxic since it palliates magnesium deficiencies by simply normalizing the magnesium intake and ...
[ { "id": "7786695_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7786695_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 73 ] ...
[]
[]
[]
11219477
11219477
[ { "id": "11219477__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Sildenafil citrate: a therapeutic update. BACKGROUND: Since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 1998, sildenafil citrate has been used by millions of men for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Recent studies and ...
[ { "id": "11219477_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Sildenafil citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11219477_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "sildenafil citrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 127...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11219477_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11219477_T13", "arg2_id": "11219477_T14", "normalized": [] } ]
11211460
11211460
[ { "id": "11211460__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pharmacological treatment of depression: the role of paroxetine. Depression is reaching epidemic proportions in the western world. With each successive generation more people are becoming more severely depressed at a younger age." ], ...
[ { "id": "11211460_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "paroxetine" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]
[]
[]
[]
11219023
11219023
[ { "id": "11219023__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Prescribing. Keys to maximizing benefit while avoiding adverse drug effects. When prescribing for older patients, some physicians are overly cautious, and this strategy can result in a less than optimal treatment outcome. The reluctance to t...
[]
[]
[]
[]
17894105
17894105
[ { "id": "17894105__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The effects of chlordiazepoxide, amphetamine and cocaine on bar-press behavior in normal and genetically nervous dogs. Studies on two strains of pointer dogs have demonstrated that administration of a benzodiazepine (chlordiazepoxide) facili...
[ { "id": "17894105_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "chlordiazepoxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "17894105_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, ...
[]
[]
[]
11170315
11170315
[ { "id": "11170315__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The mode of toxic action of the pesticide gliftor: the metabolism of 1,3-difluoroacetone to (-)-erythro-fluorocitrate. The biochemical toxicology of 1,3-difluoroacetone, a known metabolite of the major ingredient of the pesticide Gliftor (1,...
[ { "id": "11170315_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "gliftor" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11170315_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "1,3-difluoroacetone" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11170315_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11170315_T18", "arg2_id": "11170315_T19", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11170315_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11170315_T25", "arg2_id": "11170315_T26", "normalized": [] } ]
15986716
15986716
[ { "id": "15986716__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Behavioral mechanisms underlying the link between smoking and drinking. Many people use both alcohol and nicotine (i.e., cigarettes and other tobacco products). The behavioral effects of these two drugs differ, and they do not act on the sam...
[ { "id": "15986716_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "15986716_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "nicotine" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 113 ...
[]
[]
[]
2578597
2578597
[ { "id": "2578597__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Analgesic effects of antihistaminics. The literature provides considerable evidence indicating that several, but not all antihistaminics, are indeed analgesic agents and some are analgesic adjuvants as well. Those for which effectiveness is r...
[ { "id": "2578597_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistaminics" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2578597_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antihistaminics" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, ...
[]
[]
[]
1109556
1109556
[ { "id": "1109556__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Serum digoxin levels using an 125I-labelled antigen: Validation of method and observations on cardiac patients. 1. Determinations of serum digoxin levels utilizing commercially available kits with an 125I-labelled antigen were precise and not...
[ { "id": "1109556_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "1109556_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 146 ] ...
[]
[]
[]
11198959
11198959
[ { "id": "11198959__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[Importance of pharmacogenetics];Pharmacogenetics deals with the differences in effect of drugs caused by genetic variation. Differences can occur in therapeutic effect and in adverse events. Genetic variation in metabolism may result in hig...
[ { "id": "11198959_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antidepressants" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11198959_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "antipsychotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, ...
[]
[]
[]
7476793
7476793
[ { "id": "7476793__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Drug-lab interactions: implications for nutrition support. Acetylcysteine interference with urine ketone test. It is important that health care professionals be aware of the potential for medications to interfere with clinical laboratory test...
[ { "id": "7476793_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7476793_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, ...
[]
[]
[]
8996605
8996605
[ { "id": "8996605__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Determinants of cellular sensitivity to topoisomerase-targeting antitumor drugs. It is now clear that topoisomerase activity level is an important determinant of sensitivity to topo drugs. The regulation of topoisomerases is no doubt complex ...
[ { "id": "8996605_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "topoisomerase-targeting antitumor drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]
[]
[]
[]
11085336
11085336
[ { "id": "11085336__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "18-Methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) and ibogaine: comparison of antiaddictive efficacy, toxicity, and mechanisms of action. 18-MC, a novel iboga alkaloid congener, is being developed as a potential treatment for multiple forms of drug abuse. Like...
[ { "id": "11085336_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "18-Methoxycoronaridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11085336_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "18-MC" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11085336_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11085336_T19", "arg2_id": "11085336_T21", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11085336_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11085336_T19", "arg2_id": "11085336_T22", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11085336_R3", "type":...
11197767
11197767
[ { "id": "11197767__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to encystment and in vitro excystment of Parorchis acanthus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae). The toxicity of cadmium, zinc and cadmium/zinc mixtures at concentrations ranging from 1000 to 50000 microg/l were investig...
[ { "id": "11197767_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11197767_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "zinc" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 147 ] ]...
[]
[]
[]
2857100
2857100
[ { "id": "2857100__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "[Stimulation by cerulein--an analog of the octapeptide cholecystokinin--of 3H-spiroperidol binding after the long-term administration of neuroleptics] It has been established in experiments on white male rats that prolonged administration (tw...
[ { "id": "2857100_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "cerulein" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "2857100_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "3H-spiroperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 9...
[]
[]
[]
11120981
11120981
[ { "id": "11120981__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "If taken 1 hour before indinavir (IDV), didanosine does not affect IDV exposure, despite persistent buffering effects. Concurrent administration of indinavir and didanosine significantly reduces the level of exposure to indinavir, but it is ...
[ { "id": "11120981_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "indinavir" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11120981_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "IDV" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 37 ] ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11120981_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11120981_T5", "arg2_id": "11120981_T6", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11120981_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "11120981_T14", "arg2_id": "11120981_T15", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11120981_R3", "ty...
10150268
10150268
[ { "id": "10150268__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The fluoroquinolones for urinary tract infections: a review. The fluoroquinolones are a rapidly growing class of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative and some gram-positive aerobic bacteria. These agents, inclu...
[ { "id": "10150268_T1", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fluoroquinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "10150268_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "fluoroquinolones" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, ...
[]
[]
[]
11085305
11085305
[ { "id": "11085305__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Activation of an effector immediate-early gene arc by methamphetamine. As immediate-early genes (IEGs) are thought to play a critical role in mediating stimulus-induced neural plasticity, IEG response induced by methamphetamine (METH) has be...
[ { "id": "11085305_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methamphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11085305_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "methamphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11085305_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11085305_T5", "arg2_id": "11085305_T6", "normalized": [] } ]
11137703
11137703
[ { "id": "11137703__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Inhibitory effects of ruthenium red on inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate-induced responses in rat megakaryocytes. The effects of ruthenium red (RR) on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))-induced responses were studied in rat bone marrow megak...
[ { "id": "11137703_T1", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "ruthenium red" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137703_T2", "type": "DRUG_N", "text": [ "ruthenium red" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11137703_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11137703_T7", "arg2_id": "11137703_T8", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11137703_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11137703_T9", "arg2_id": "11137703_T10", "normalized": [] } ]
3967572
3967572
[ { "id": "3967572__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Enhanced theophylline clearance secondary to phenytoin therapy. This report describes two cases in which theophylline clearance accelerated markedly with concomitant phenytoin administration. Maximum calculated theophylline clearance ranged f...
[ { "id": "3967572_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "theophylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3967572_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3967572_R1", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "3967572_T1", "arg2_id": "3967572_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3967572_R2", "type": "MECHANISM", "arg1_id": "3967572_T3", "arg2_id": "3967572_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3967572_R3", "type": "EFF...
11134454
11134454
[ { "id": "11134454__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Carbamazepine overdose recognized by a tricyclic antidepressant assay. Altered mental status in an adolescent presents a diagnostic challenge, and the clinician depends on clinical evaluation and laboratory studies to determine therapy and p...
[ { "id": "11134454_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11134454_T2", "type": "GROUP", "text": [ "tricyclic antidepressant" ], "offsets": [ [ 3...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "11134454_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "11134454_T3", "arg2_id": "11134454_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "11134454_R2", "type": "ADVISE", "arg1_id": "11134454_T5", "arg2_id": "11134454_T6", "normalized": [] } ]
3881461
3881461
[ { "id": "3881461__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Dexamethasone and retinyl acetate similarly inhibit and stimulate EGF- or insulin-induced proliferation of prostatic epithelium. Prostatic epithelium proliferates in a defined medium consisting of basal medium RPMI1640 containing transferrin ...
[ { "id": "3881461_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "Dexamethasone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3881461_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "retinyl acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 3...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "3881461_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3881461_T1", "arg2_id": "3881461_T3", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3881461_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "3881461_T1", "arg2_id": "3881461_T4", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "3881461_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
7798493
7798493
[ { "id": "7798493__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Evidence for reduction of norepinephrine uptake sites in the failing human heart. OBJECTIVES. This study investigated the role of neuronal uptake of norepinephrine (uptake-1) in human heart failure as a local factor for altering concentration...
[ { "id": "7798493_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7798493_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "7798493_R1", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7798493_T9", "arg2_id": "7798493_T11", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "7798493_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "7798493_T10", "arg2_id": "7798493_T11", "normalized": [] } ]
1109299
1109299
[ { "id": "1109299__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Effects of low temperatures on microtubules in the non-myelinated axons of post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves. The effect of temperature changes on the number of microtubules in non-myelinated axons has been studied in cat inferior mesenteric...
[]
[]
[]
[]
8542840
8542840
[ { "id": "8542840__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interaction of gentamycin and atracurium in anaesthetised horses. Evoked hind limb digital extensor tension (hoof twitch) was maintained at 40% of baseline for 1 h by atracurium infusion in 7 horses anaesthetised with halothane. After 1 h, at...
[ { "id": "8542840_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "gentamycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "8542840_T2", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "atracurium" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 40 ...
[]
[]
[ { "id": "8542840_R1", "type": "INT", "arg1_id": "8542840_T1", "arg2_id": "8542840_T2", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "8542840_R2", "type": "EFFECT", "arg1_id": "8542840_T12", "arg2_id": "8542840_T13", "normalized": [] }, { "id": "8542840_R3", "type": "EFFECT", ...
2578306
2578306
[ { "id": "2578306__text", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tumor phenotype and susceptibility to progression as an expression of subpopulations of initiated murine cells. Currently, it is conceived that a number of events, or hits, are required for the induction of tumors by chemical agents. The firs...
[ { "id": "2578306_T1", "type": "DRUG", "text": [ "phenobarbital" ], "offsets": [ [ 1084, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]
[]
[]
[]