// general protection fault in kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run
// https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=ec18ac00452119a66a7071d0464345b0a26bbed8
// status:fixed
// autogenerated by syzkaller (https://github.com/google/syzkaller)

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <endian.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

uint64_t r[6] = {0xffffffffffffffff, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0xffffffffffffffff,
                 0xffffffffffffffff, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0xffffffffffffffff};

int main(void)
{
  syscall(__NR_mmap, 0x20000000, 0x1000000, 3, 0x32, -1, 0);
  long res = 0;
  memcpy((void*)0x20000040, "/dev/kvm\x00", 9);
  res = syscall(__NR_openat, 0xffffffffffffff9c, 0x20000040, 0, 0);
  if (res != -1)
    r[0] = res;
  res = syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[0], 0xae01, 0);
  if (res != -1)
    r[1] = res;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000240 = 0x79;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000244 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000248 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000250 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000258 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000260 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000268 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000269 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000026a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000026b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000026c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000026d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000026e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000026f = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000270 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000271 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000272 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000273 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000274 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000275 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000276 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000277 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000278 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000279 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000027a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000027b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000027c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000027d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000027e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000027f = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000280 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000281 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000282 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000283 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000284 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000285 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000286 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000287 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000288 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000289 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000028a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000028b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000028c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000028d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000028e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000028f = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000290 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000291 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000292 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000293 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000294 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000295 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000296 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000297 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000298 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000299 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000029a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000029b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000029c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000029d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000029e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000029f = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a0 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a1 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a2 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a3 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a4 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a5 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a6 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002a7 = 0;
  syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[1], 0x4068aea3, 0x20000240);
  res = syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[1], 0xae41, 0);
  if (res != -1)
    r[2] = res;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200002c0 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x200002c8 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x200002cc = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ce = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002cf = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d0 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d1 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d2 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d3 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d4 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d5 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d6 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002d7 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200002d8 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x200002e0 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x200002e4 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002e6 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002e7 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002e8 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002e9 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ea = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002eb = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ec = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ed = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ee = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ef = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200002f0 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x200002f8 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x200002fc = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002fe = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x200002ff = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000300 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000301 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000302 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000303 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000304 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000305 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000306 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000307 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000308 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000310 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x20000314 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000316 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000317 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000318 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000319 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000031a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000031b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000031c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000031d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000031e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000031f = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000320 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000328 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000032c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000032e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000032f = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000330 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000331 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000332 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000333 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000334 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000335 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000336 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000337 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000338 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000340 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x20000344 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000346 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000347 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000348 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000349 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000034a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000034b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000034c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000034d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000034e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000034f = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000350 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000358 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000035c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000035e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000035f = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000360 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000361 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000362 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000363 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000364 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000365 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000366 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000367 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000368 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000370 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x20000374 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000376 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000377 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000378 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x20000379 = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000037a = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000037b = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000037c = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000037d = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000037e = 0;
  *(uint8_t*)0x2000037f = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000380 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x20000388 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000038a = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000038c = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000038e = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000390 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x20000398 = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000039a = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000039c = 0;
  *(uint16_t*)0x2000039e = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003a0 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003a8 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003b0 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003b8 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003c0 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003c8 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003d0 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003d8 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003e0 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003e8 = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x200003f0 = 0;
  syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[2], 0x4138ae84, 0x200002c0);
  memcpy((void*)0x20000040, "/dev/kvm\x00", 9);
  res = syscall(__NR_openat, 0xffffffffffffff9c, 0x20000040, 0, 0);
  if (res != -1)
    r[3] = res;
  res = syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[3], 0xae01, 0);
  if (res != -1)
    r[4] = res;
  res = syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[4], 0xae41, 0);
  if (res != -1)
    r[5] = res;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000340 = 1;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000344 = 0;
  *(uint32_t*)0x20000348 = 0x4000009e;
  *(uint32_t*)0x2000034c = 0;
  *(uint64_t*)0x20000350 = 0;
  syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[5], 0x4008ae89, 0x20000340);
  syscall(__NR_ioctl, r[5], 0xae80, 0);
  return 0;
}


what are the differences between a clause and a sentence?
A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb. If if makes sense by itself it is an independent clause, and can function on its own as a sentence.
The dog saw the cat. This is an independent clause functioning as a complete sentence
If the clause does not make sense by itself, then it is a dependent clause and must be used as part of a complex sentence.
so the cat ran away This is a dependent clause. It contains a subject (cat) and a verb (ran), but it does not express a complete thought.
The complex sentence looks like this:
The dog saw the cat, so the cat ran away.


While I'm not training my children to become programmers, it's a virtual certainty that any job/profession will require the use of a computer, and that means the ability to type. I keep reading that those who can type using the Dvorak layout are faster but have always thought "I'm too old to switch keyboard layouts at this point" -- but what about my kids who haven't even learned to type yet?
Are there downsides of learning something other than QWERTY and, if so, do the benefits outweigh the negatives?
I don't think there is anything to gain speed wise from using Dvorak, and you'll only more compatibility issues from having to work in a QWERTY focused world.
Above is a good article on the topic.
It's not really about speed, it's about comfort. I can type with both layouts very quickly, but can maintain my speed for longer on Dvorak. Moreover, Qwerty makes my hands hurt very very quickly, while I can keep typing with Dvorak all day long.
I don't know why mruts is being downvoted. The only reason to use Dvorak, imho, is the better ergonomics. I switched to it over a decade ago because my hands were showing early signs of repetitive stress. The pain went away right after switching and has not come back. The other benefit is that nobody can use my computers because nothing but gibberish comes out when they type.
That said, if you can type comfortably in Qwerty, I suggest using it. Being able to type on any keyboard without having to hunt around for the keyboard layout switcher is nice.
As someone who learned to type in QWERTY, Dvorak, and Colemak (in that order) my belief is that most people attribute ergonomics and improved typing ability to the new alternative layout they learned instead of the fact that they finally learned how to type properly, seeing as very few people I know seem to have learned how to properly type - even ones who can type much faster-than-the-average (80-120wpm where average is well under 60wpm)
I found Dvorak to be significantly worse than QWERTY in both speed and comfort, seeing as Dvorak is more heavily biased towards the right hand and I am left hand dominant (although mostly ambidextrous). I then gave Colemak a try and found it to be a bit more comfortable and eventually trained to reach my previous QWERTY speed of 165-170wpm. I use QWERTY at work but Colemak at home.
Note: by "mostly ambidextrous" I mean that most tasks I can use either arm/hand. I write with my right but throw and punch with my left.
> my belief is that most people attribute ergonomics and improved typing ability to the new alternative layout they learned instead of the fact that they finally learned how to type properly
Not in my case. I first learned to type properly on Qwerty.
> I found Dvorak to be significantly worse than QWERTY in both speed and comfort, seeing as Dvorak is more heavily biased towards the right hand and I am left hand dominant
I'm going to need to see some proof for that assertion. Just going off the top of my head, I'd say I type far more with my left hand than my right using Dvorak.
>Not in my case. I first learned to type properly on Qwerty.
I'll take you at your word, but most people I see claim this have extremely poor typing habits. Similar to a self-taught musician who ingrained poor habits because they never had anyone around to correct them.
>I'm going to need to see some proof for that assertion. Just going off the top of my head, I'd say I type far more with my left hand than my right using Dvorak.
Sure thing. Summing the frequencies in the English language and applying it to the keyboard layouts gives:
Dvorak: Left 43.2%, Right 56.8%
QWERTY: Left 58.7%, Right 41.3%
my hands were showing early signs of repetitive stress
I learned to type 37 years ago and type 160 WPM with 100% accuracy and have the www.typeracer.com profile to prove it.
About 15 years ago I started having RSI symptoms and ended up sleeping in braces every night because it got so bad. EMG studies showed significant damage to median and ulnar nerve conductivity. Someone on slashdot.org pointed me to the work of Dr. John Sarno. His theory is deceptively simple but if you take the time to truly understand and practice it, you won't have RSI issues any longer.
TMS is fringe medicine. Or non-medicine depending on who you ask.
It has a single peer reviewed article that only shows modest reduction in pain symptoms with no control group. The protocol involves emotional support/emotional sharing/etc. The reason why those two links were chosen rather than Wikipedia was because Wikipedia largely debunked it:
There's no known physical mechanism wherein TMS could work, and oddly its proponents haven't released scans of impacted areas (back, wrist, etc) that show this "increased blood flow" and physical restoration for which their claim is based.
> Critics in mainstream medicine state that neither the theory of TMS nor the effectiveness of the treatment has been proven in a properly controlled clinical trial, citing the placebo effect and regression to the mean as possible explanations for its success.
Living in Germany and being used to QWERTY it's really hard for me to use someone elses computer, because it will most likely be QWERTZ (German layout) and that alone annoys me to no end. I can't imagine how difficult it would be to be used to a completely different keyboard.
> it's really hard for me to use someone elses computer
How often do you type on someone else's computer? It is not comparable to the amount of time you use your own keyboard.
For the OPs context (their kids) I expect they'll have a lot of typing too do on school computers
I get used to it pretty fast. My keyboard at work in QWERTZ and my keyboard at home is QWERTY. For me, it's a mind thing.
I use QUERTY and UK/US keyboard layout, and the just memorised the Option key combos for the åäö etc. was less hassle for me.
Under linux I do the same, but under windows I have to constantly switch the layout to german, type ä, ö, ü or ß and switch back to english.
That's not the problem though; the annoying thing is when a PC is configured to only have the German layout available, so I constantly mix up Z and Y
This situation got me. Maybe I was rather tired when I did this. It was when one of the letters in my bank's password is a Z but I keep hitting the Y key. After 3 attempts, I got locked out and had to wait until the Monday to contact the bank!
Or you could memorise the ascii codes and type e.g. alt+[keypad] 0248 => ø.
Edit: Is that what GP Bjelkeman meant by "option key combos"?
On macos you can press <Option-u> followed by a vowel and you will get the corresponding Umlaut. (üäö) Additionally there are other combinations for accents and stuff like that.
Thanks, that's good to know!
Think of it this way: would you teach your kids Esperanto instead of the native tongue in your country?
Perhaps without realising it, the question you're asking is, "Should I teach my kids the thing that will help them in society as it exists or should I teach them a potentially superior but less applicable alternative?"
Thanks for putting it so eloquently
The tech crowd sometimes misses the network effects of common solutions that might not be "the best" (and I'm really really skeptical that Dvorak is better)
I guess the difference between _how_ to write something compared to _what_ to write.
If people writing qwerty couldn't understand people who wrote dvorak, I would understand your argument, but languages are so much more different than a keyboard layout.
But in the end, both keyboard layouts end up being able to write exactly the same words, the only difference is the speed (as I understand, only once tried using dvorak so I don't really know)
I see what you're saying but I think you're taking my point too literally.
QWERTY is the default layout (in English speaking countries and as QWERTY was mentioned, I assume OP is in an English speaking country). QWERTY is on the computers in schools, on the computers available to buy in stores, on the computers in offices.
Teaching kids Dvorak is putting them at a disadvantage in life, just as teaching them Esperato, Inrterlingua, Lojban, or similar artificial languages instead of English might seem intellectually appealing but would set them up for a life of difficulty.
I see what you are saying too but I don't think speaking/understanding two different languages are the same as using two different keyboard layouts.
If I never seen a qwerty keyboard before and only used dvorak, I could probably type with it, it would only be a bit slower than usual. Same when I see someone with a dvorak keyboard. Although the layout is very different, I could still use it, but it slows me down a lot.
However, if someone only speaks/understands Esperanto meets someone who only speaks English, it will be way harder for them to understand each other, harder than trying to understand another keyboard layout.
I'm not suggesting that they're the same. Instead, I'm offering an example of another thing you could do in your child's education that might seem good at the time but would actually give them a disadvantage.
I get that using a Dvorak keyboard isn't a total barrier to communication but it is non-standard in our society and so possible advantages would be outweighed by the children having to adjust when they encounter the world at large.
> the only difference is the speed
The analogy isn't that a qwerty typist can't understand a dvorak typist, but that when our society uses a certain standard, using something else that's only marginally better might be more trouble than it's worth. Would you want your kid to be unable to use the keyboards at school, or the library, or what comes stock on laptops, or (directly addressing OP) the workplace? Sure, many jobs require computer use, but unless it's an office, they're likely shared computers.
Relevant xkcd: https://xkcd.com/927/
My kids are not quite old enough to require keyboard input (doing it, not receiving it, ya dummy) but I have pondered this very question.
I have been using Dvorak almost exclusively for about 15 years now. It's not faster, that's a myth -- but it is much more easy on the fingers: depending on the nature of your prose, you'll save perhaps 30% finger movement. With Colemak, that number is less, but you gain a more comparable (to qwerty) shortcut-key layout.
Obviously, there are all sorts of adversities facing Dvorak typists: native hardware keyboard layouts, limits to the users ability to configure software keyboard layouts (for instance, you may be able to change it on your desktop -- but not on the lock screen!), and of course having to fall back to qwerty on other's devices.
Curiously, on a non-touch-typing device such as the touch screen of a tablet or mobile phone, I'm useless on Dvorak (perhaps exactly because Dvorak was designed for hand-alteration?), so there I'm by far more proficient with one hand on qwerty.
In the end, I think I will settle for showing them both layouts in use at their home, and let them decide which to use. However, @kqr makes a number of very good points, not least the RSI one.
There's also quite a lot of knowledge tucked away in this post: https://blog.hanschen.org/2010/01/30/dvorak-two-years-later-...
> doing it, not receiving it
Thanks for the clarification
On a more serious note,
> having to fall back to qwerty on other's devices
This alone effectively nullifies my will to learn Dvorak
> It's not faster, that's a myth
This is false. There a plenty of statistics showing that Dvorak is faster (albeit it's true that the main benefits is around finger movement)
> native hardware keyboard layouts
Never been a problem: you don't need (or want) to look at the keys anyways.
> limits to the users ability to configure software keyboard layouts
Also not a problem: you cannot touch-type on a phone and also you type with thumbs.
Studies often show Dvorak is faster, but when you dig you discover they are not comparing equivalent. People who learn Dvorak are more likely to be better typists. When you compare equals you discover that the speed of the mind is the limit not the speed of the fingers and so it makes no difference.
As I recall there is one exception: if you are just copying something without having to think about it dvorak is faster. This isn't a common job, but it does exist.
Teach them QWERTY. I use Programmer's Dvorak and I love it. But I also have a very specialized setup and everything optimized for myself. Your kids will have to work with different setups in the next decade or two. For them it's more important to be flexible. Later when they specialized themselves and only work in an environment they control they can switch and choose whatever fits them.
To get philosophical, a parents' job is more to prepare a kid for the world as it is, rather than engrain your own preferences to the point of impracticality.
I'll ask one question. Is someone really needs typing speeds over 200 keys/minute? What task nowadays benefits from such speeds? Will these tasks keep being relevant in ten years?
As a programmer I do not need 200 chars/minute. I believe that developed skills to use movement keys and key sequences, like arrow keys, Ctrl-arrows, Home, End, and others. For example, I struggle every time with a laptop keyboard, because Home/End/Delete are oddly placed and I miss them half of the times.
I'll ask a different question: why should someone use QWERTY? If you're learning for the first time, you don't have anything they to compare to, so you might as well use a scientifically better option, right?
I learned Dvorak because I wanted to be part of an elite group (I mean, how many Dvorak typists are they?). I kept using it because my wrist pain went away. Perhaps that's because I relearned to type and thus fixed bad habits. I had pretty good form before learning Dvorak, so I like to think that the reduced finger travel is helping.
But how will your child feel when they're different than their friends and have to make special accommodations when using someone else's computer? That's a bit more important than any technical benefit IMO, and is why I'll teach my kids QWERTY.
Please, notice, I do not argue that someone should use QWERTY. I'm just trying to point that the strongest reason to prefer Dvorak maybe not a reason anymore. Maybe there are other reasons, I dont know. But it seems for me that people keep arguing about speed while all that discussion might be obsolete. They'd better to discuss other reasons.
> But how will your child feel when they're different than their friends and have to make special accommodations when using someone else's computer?
Accidently I wrote a wall of text answering to this. I'm sorry, it is one of my favorite topics: developmental psychology. The tl;dr version of it is: I wouldn't teach my child how to type at all.
Now the long version.
If children wanted to be different, than I would say them: it is all up to you, my children, if you need my blessing, you got it.
Look, a person get a desire to be different somewhere after 15 years old typically. Maybe some manage to develop to this point earlier, but I do not know about such a cases. Mostly they get to it after 15. Before that his difference from others would be either indifferent or annoying.
If you taught your child to use Dvorak while he was in a kindergarten, it would go as you planned up to a moment when you child hits puberty (~12yo). Before it the motivation of a child is built over her desire to be a good girl (or boy, gender doesn't matter). She was not interested in being like others or being different. After that the motivation is an approvement of her friends. It means that teen becomes obsessed of being like others, and her underdeveloped skills of using QWERTY might get on the way of it. What will follow? The same that follow everytime with every teen and her parent, teen will decide that her parent is crazy weird graybeard, that it is a shame to have such a parent, and the only way to deal with it is to hide parent and his weird habits from friends. It means to pretend that she prefer QWERTY, to use QWERTY always, and even to provoke parents by using QWERTY defiantly and by arguing that Dvorak is bad and causes pimples. If you allow her to provoke you, if you start argue, than you just prove her that she was right about your inability to accept new ideas.
It is not necessarily would go by this scenario, but it is completely plausible scenario. If you are going to teach your child to some uncommon habits, then you need to take into a consideration that it could end badly. May I suggest an other way to do it? Don't teach your child to use Dvorak. Don't teach your child to use QWERTY. Let him to be a bad typist for the first 15 years of his life, it would do him no harm. Teach him instead to play a piano -- it gives him meta-skills that could help to learn any keyboard layout. Teach him to play a piano and wait patiently. Watch for him, you need a moment when your child stops being a jerk who believes that his friends are smarter and more experienced than his parents. It can happen at 15 years old, or 17 years old, or even 20 years old. Personal differences are great here.
After that you a free to convince your kid to learn Dvorak. It might be not so hard as it looks. After ~15 yo teens like to work on themselves to become better and stronger. So it is completely possible to convience him to learn Dvorak even without a manipulation.
Moreover, after all that was said, I believe that it is a bad idea to teach child to type. He will not need his skill for 10+ years at least. So why to bother? It is like to teach child to read at 3 years old, to be able to brag about how bright child is. No one is interested that for a 3 year old it is very hard to learn to read, it would be much easier at 5-6 years old. No one is interested that 3 years old have other skills to develop, skills that are easier to learn at 3 years old and maybe impossible to learn at 5 years old. No one is interested that to learn how to read child needs to read, but if he was taught to read at 3 years old, than he wouldn't use his skill for 2-5 years when he would read his first book. He might lose the feeling of novelty, and the book reading would seem boring for him before he tried.
People obsessed with early development but do not bother to learn basics of developmental psychology and to develop their children for a sake of children, not for a sake of parents.
Bear in mind there's no point switching to a Dvorak keyboard unless you also teach them to touch type. A touch typist on a regular keyboard is still going to be a lot faster than a non-touch typist on a Dvorak.
I'm confused--according to a quick search, "touch typing" is being able to type without looking at the keyboard?
Can you even say you know how to type if you have to look at the keys to do it?
I'm afraid this will be seen as a fairly arrogant stance. Plenty of people cannot type reasonably without looking at their keyboard once in a while, if only for the symbols. I know plenty of programmers who are productive enough, and can type letters and parentheses and so forth without looking away from the screen, but need to glance at the keyboard for the lesser-used symbols.
Those people definitely know how to type. In fact, they know how to type _far_ better than many of the people in this world who don't work with a computer 7 days per week >=8 hours per day.
If you watch most people typing they occasionally glance at the keyboard, especially for little-user keys. A true touch typist should be able to type for extended periods without looking at the keyboard at all even for only occasionally used keys. Also true touch typing minimises finger and hand movements by using as many of the fingers of the hand to type with as possible, while most keyboard users rely on a few, and often just two fingers for most or all typing.
Yes. Have a look at some professionals you interact with that you'd expect to type a lot. Real estate agents, doctors, bankers, etc. You don't have to look far to find someone who pecks with index fingers whole looking at the keyboard. They sure know how to type (they produce the text they intend to) and do a lot of it every day.
Seeing people hunt for keys with one or two index fingers - not when writing something profound, requiring of thought, but simply filling out forms - is incredibly frustrating. I'm going to argue they can't type when they're still using the keyboard as if it's the first day they saw one.
A day or two spent learning to type would pay itself back with dividends.
I put in the ground work for touch typing at school on the good old typewriters; it was certainly the best extra curriculum subject I've ever done.
> I'm going to argue they can't type
They push the buttons and letters appear on screen. That's typing - everything else is optimisation :P
I've seen plenty of people in the middle that didn't get formal training, but instead developed patterns based around clusters of keys. They may use more than two fingers, but they have no concept of the home row. In fact, I've been asked by people who type fairly often what the little bumps on the 'f' and 'j' keys are, which tells me that they most likely didn't learn to type properly.
My 5yo can "type" by hunting and pecking, and he's actually getting good enough that he doesn't get frustrated trying to type simple words (he likes looking up words at the library computers). My 2yo, however, knows his letters, but I don't think he really understands how keyboards work.
Personally, I'd say that someone can type if they can use a keyboard productively and have some means of speeding up entry besides looking at every key until they find the one they want (most people know vaguely where there keys are, even if they can't touch type).
If you are not at a keyboard often a few days spent learning to touch type is wasted: your brain will quickly forget and you are back to looking. You need to practice ANYTHING to retain the ability to do it (some things are easier than others which is why you can ride a bike after years of not touching one).
If you are going to use a keyboard often, then the time spent to learn a keyboard is well worth it. However if your day job doesn't require a keyboard those classes won't be helpful.
Some people do claim that, yeah.
But I'd say there is actually a level between non-typist and touch-typist where the person needs to be looking at the keyboard, but knows where each key is and reaches that direction without actually having to move their eyes. They're really close to being a touch-typist, but they still need their eyes to get their fingers on the buttons reliably.
I'd argue that Qwerty vs Dvorak relies on that intermediary step rather than actual "touch typing", but there isn't really a name for it.
When I was in school the only computers I had access to were in the schools computer halls which were shared with every other class in school. Settings like keyboard changes could not be persisted, and even so I got a different computer every time.
I love Dvorak and using it has been a huge boon for me, but I'm also able to control my environment and always use the same computer.
So I say go with QWERTY.
Even if the kid has a laptop like many do now, how easily will they learn Dvorak when qwerty comes stock?
I don’t use Dvorak, but I’ve been intrigued by alternative layouts for years. I taught my daughter QWERTY years ago. My reasoning was that the speed difference between QWERTY and other layouts isn’t great, technology may change input methods before she was typing enough to worry about repetitive use injuries, and primarily because QWERTY keyboards are everywhere. At school the ubiquitous keyboards are all QWERTY and at work likewise.
As an EMACS user I bind my keyboard’s caps lock to ctrl. That makes me realize just how often I’m typing on someone else’s keyboard (my fingers automatically hit caplock-B instead of back arrow for example). If I used Dvorak I think it would be much more frustrating trying to use a random keyboard.
It didn’t take very long to teach my daughter touch typing. I would place my fingers on top of hers at first and touch her fingers during simple typing lessons to show her which finger to use. This seemed to allow her to connect a letter to the correct finger very quickly.
Xah Lee has studied typing and keyboards for years. Take a look at his web site; it’s full of information . He’s a Dvorak user.
You can be bilingual in layouts.
I first learned QWERTY without any training, I needed to type for school and I wasn’t gonna hunt and peck. Then I decided to try out Dvorak for comfort and never looked back. (Though the experience was painful to switch over after years of QWERTY)
I can still type QWERTY, in fact that’s what I use on my tablet with my thumbs, it’s a great layout for thumb typing, rarely do I find my fingers reaching over one another and I can type without looking at my screen.
That said, for physical tacticile button pressing, I much prefer Dvorak, even without labels (typing on a MacBook keyboard for example, I ignore the QWERTY printed layout) I don’t have difficulty. It’s all about the physical sensation and which mode or language or whatever gets invoked in my head.
I cannot type QWERTY effectively on MacBook keyboards or on most mechanical ones now, because of how they feel and what I use that feel for. But if it’s a cheapo Logitech or dell keyboard that you find at public locations and at work, there is barely a moment of conflict.
I switched from QWERTY to my language's equivalent of Dvorak and a few years later back.
I think most important than the layout itself, is to learn how to touch type. Keeping your fingers on the home row. Using opposing control characters instead of using one hand to reach multiple keys, etc etc.
Why not both? If you're teaching kids, as long as you keep them interested, they'll learn anything. Knowing both, they'll be able to both use shared systems and choose the preferred layout for private situations.
I looked at learning an alternative layout last year and opted against Dvorak, as to me it just seemed illogical (personal opinion). I ended up teaching myself the Workman layout instead (https://workmanlayout.org/) which is actually really nice. I was using a split keyboard and I found it very comfortable when typing prose, but I found punctuation frustrating due to the board I was using it on. I'm currently back on Qwerty as I've swapped to a different board.
Ultimately I discovered that my typing style with Qwerty was actually not stressful on the hands (I float over the keyboard a lot and definitely don't sit on the "home" keys) and my RSI at the time was instead caused by position and lack of exercise. I now type on a Japanese layout keyboard which has some interesting differences to the standard UK ISO layout. At some point I might give Workman a go on this board too, but currently I'm actually completely happy with Qwerty again. I think a lot of these alternative layouts suffer problems if you aren't a home-row typist, and I don't actually think it's unergonomic or incorrect to type in a more floating, active way. But I play a bunch of key-based instruments too so maybe that affects my preference :)
It took me about 1 month to be close to my normal typing speed when using Workman btw.
Dvorak. I know 5 people, including myself, that switched to Dvorak and none of us regretted it or switched back.
It's not about speed, at least for me, but reducing stress on fingers and prevent inflammation and RSI.
Touch-typing comes easier with Dvorak. Even better if you use a Dvorak layout on a querty keyboard: there's no point in looking at the keys and this is also good for back/neck posture.
Please ignore all the people who insist on using qwerty without having had at least a year of Dvorak use experience.
I’ve heard Dvorak users complain the regular shortcuts are geared up for QWERTY. I’ve also heard that Dvorak isn’t any faster. All anecdotal of course.
The most common shortcuts do tend to be on the left side of a Qwerty, but in a Windows environment at least, almost every letter key is bound to a common shortcut. As an avid shortcut user, the only letters for which I can't remember a hotkey is Y, and M if you don't use Win+M.
Programs like AutoHotkey can solve that issue when available.
Depending on the system, you can create layouts where ctrl/alt give you temporary qwerty layout and revert as soon as you let go. That would solve most shortcut issues.
Others answered the question, I'm just about this "I'm too old to switch" bullshit.
Whatever age you are, it will be hard. It will be very uncomfortable at first. But that's kind of great. You get to teach your brain something new. Keep pushing that neuroplasticity.
When you are old(er) it's really hard to learn something truly new. Learning most things is just connecting a few existing patterns. You'll get some dopamine and you will be really proud that you've done that.
You can also rationalize that it will pay off on the long run, but let's be real, if you are an advanced programmer you likely spend more time thinking than typing. It can be a more pleasurable experience to type though.
Take the challenge and teach yourself Dvorak (or Colemak, doesn't matter). Even if you are a proficient typer it's also a chance to do some refactoring of the skill.
I use Dvorak, I'm faster in Dvorak, and have less RSI issues. As an adult that works from hardware I control I almost never have to type QWERTY anymore.
In the past things like computer labs, and locked down school computers would have pushed me to recommend QWERTY. Nowadays everyone has their own iPad, or laptop, so this is much less of an issue.
The only time I have issues is during computerized testing, or using someone else's computer. I have a USB dongle that I can put between the keyboard and computer that'll swap the characters I type Dvorak, and the dongle swaps the QWERTY input to the correct ones as I go.
For testing I can request they change the layout, but it rarely gets approved. For random people, they usually let me add another layout without issue.
I'm recommending Dvorak, but there will still be a few pain points.
If you're willing to put in the effort of teaching them touch typing on a real keyboard (by blanking out the keycaps or whatnot), go ahead and teach them on Colemak or Dvorak or whatnot.
I don't care much for the arguments of the ubiquity of Qwerty for multiple reasons:
1. They will be exposed to Qwerty on devices where touch-typing is meaningless, such as smartphones and tablets.
2. They will learn Qwerty eventually anyway, and they'll be proficient in both. Why set them off on the worse of the two options from the start?
3. I'm sure schools and other parts of society are moving away from shared workstations onto personal laptops, where they get to control keyboard settings.
4. If I had to choose between being doomed to RSI or encountering keyboard incompatibilities every now and then, I would not pick RSI lightly.
Learning Colemak was painful for a while, but worth it many, many times over in retrospect.
> 1. They will be exposed to Qwerty on devices where touch-typing is meaningless, such as smartphones and tablets.
I'm not sure having a keyboard layout completely interalized is ever really meaningless. For example, I typed this entire reply on my phone without looking at the keyboard once, based solely on knowledge of the positions of the different keys in relation to one another. Furthermore, even if I had been looking at the keyboard, having memorized the locations of everything in some part of my mind would definitely make it faster to type than if I had no idea where anything was. Besides, if someone were most familiar with a non-Qwerty layout, why wouldn't they just set their phone to that?
> If I had to choose between being doomed to RSI or encountering keyboard incompatibilities every now and then, I would not pick RSI lightly.
Is the situation with QWERTY really that dire?
I taught myself Dvorak my first year in undergrad. It definitely felt easier to type, but as soon as I went to physics lab I realized I couldn't use the lab computer! I have stuck to Qwerty since then.
When your children go to school, do you think using Dvorak will make it easier or harder to use school computers?
Perhaps people should also consider ergonomics. QWERTY tends to require a lot more finger movement.
Over a lifetime this might lead to RSI.
I don't think there are really any downsides. I can type in both Dvorak and QWERTY at over 120wpm and don't have any trouble switching between the two. I also use QWERTY on my phone, so maybe that helps a bit.
Dvorak is definitely superior to QWERTY comfort-wise (I used to get bad RSI with QWERTY, but that doesn't happen for Dvorak), and maybe speed-wise, though my speed in both is about the same. I can keep up a high rate of speed on Dvorak longer than QWERTY, though.
An an aside, I don't think you're ever too old to try something new. I learned Dvorak as an adult and it only took me a couple weeks before I was up to my QWERTY speed. Interestingly enough, after I learned Dvorak my speed with QWERTY actually increased, for whatever reason.
Choose a comfortable layout but also consider hardware and software support for it. Dvorak is a good choice. Comfortable enough and well supported. QWERTY is probably one of the worst layouts for your fingers.
I'm using Dvorak and I can still type on QWERTY keyboards with 70% of my normal speed.
I'm pretty sure the total amount of time that I'm typing on someone else's computer (QWERTY) is less than one hour per year and I don't need speed or accuracy when it happens. Not to mention, my external keyboard supports Dvorak in hardware level. So I could just connect my keyboard and type Dvorak on any computer without changing any configuration. But it happens so rarely that I don't bother to do it.
I think this is almost the same as asking "should I encourage my ambidextrous child to write with his left or right hand?" You can get by just fine as a lefty, but there are daily annoyances, because the world is built for righties.
Keyboards are on computers, phones, on-screen in video games and TVs, on vending machines, and in car entertainment systems. Some of these can be converted into Dvorak if you find the right menu setting, others must be used as-is.
If someone hands you their phone or you sit down to pair program, now you have to figure out some menu setting, and then you have to remember to reverse it when you're done or the owner of the device is going to be annoyed with you. Not worth it.
Teach them to use QWERTY first. It's the layout that almost everyone uses and it's one of the skills that will make them relevant in the modern workforce. The last thing an employer wants to deal with is some sap that shows up pissing and moaning that they need a new keyboard.
Teaching them DVORAK first is like raising your kids to speak Esperanto as a primary language. Sure, maybe it's an objectively better language, but at what cost?
If they actually get to the point that they're typing enough that they're interested in pursuing more efficient/ergonomic layouts, that's a choice that is best left up to them.
Looks like there's already plenty here you can use to make an informed decision, but one more thing to think about:
Typing speed, beyond a basic level of competence, has pretty much nothing to do with programming skill. In fact, if your bottleneck is typing speed, you're likely better off stopping and spending some time thinking about how you might be doing things differently. (Not that we haven't all been there, but it should be a vanishingly small proportion of your overall time, hopefully.)
I learnt QWERTY as a kid/teenager in Australia.
Arriving in France 13 years ago I was a bit lost tempoararily with the switch to AZERTY, almost to the point of seeking out a keyboard online to get back to a ‘normal’ keyboard. I stuck it out, though, and soon anything but AZERTY seemed strange and slow - visiting my parents in London and henpicking around their keyboard when I am meant to be ‘the tech-y one’ is always a little amusing.
Go with QWERTY, and if they want to change later they can and will.
You are not too old to learn Dvorak. If you're interested in it, go for it. It took me about a week and it was a fun project. Then, after a few months I dropped it and went back to Qwerty. The world uses Qwerty and I was being too contrarian.
There's no need to subject your kids to this mess of a debate. You don't even use Dvorak at home. There's basically no chance they'd continue to use it later in life. Prepare them for the world that's actually out there.
If you live in the United States, one thing to consider is that the GRE (Graduate Record Examination, standardized entrance examination for graduate school) requires the test-taker to type an essay on a QWERTY keyboard, with no possibility of using a different keyboard layout short of a documented disability. Further, spelling counts on this essay, so typos made due to unfamiliarity with the keyboard layout will bring down the grade.
I type somewhere between 90-103 WPM on a QWERTY layout, and I'm not even using proper home row position. My uncle let me play with a computer starting from the age of 5, and so by the time they taught us "keyboarding" in high school, my self-taught method was pretty set in stone. I only use maybe 6 of my 10 fingers when typing.
Which is to say, your children will be fine. Just let them practice, and they'll get more than fast enough.
The QWERTY standard has lasted since the Remington 2, and most devices are based on it. That's what you should teach your children first. If you intend to teach them languages early, QWERTZ or AZERTY might be valuable. If you're thinking of teaching them Mandarin, teach them to use a Chinese keyboard as well as QWERTY.
Maybe not the best analogy, but teaching Dvorak is like forcing left-handed child to write with right hand. But maybe it’s other way around. I wouldn’t actively try to teach them anything, but let them learn on their own. At some point they would understand that my laptop keyboard is different from mommy’s and adapt accordingly.
The reason it's not the best analogy is because keyboard layout is not biologically programmed like handedness. If anything, Dvorak being more ergonomic makes it more biologically friendly.
> I wouldn’t actively try to teach them anything, but let them learn on their own.
Not to dole out parenting advice, but not influencing your kid concerning a fundamental skill like typing is 1) a mistake, & 2) unavoidable once they start asking questions.
They might find greater ease with learning both at this point in life. But unless you homeschool, the probability that your children will have to work on QWERTY computers they don't have the ability to change into Dvorak input mode at school approaches 1. They'll need it.
No one has ever presented hard evidence that another layout is faster or healthier. Any job that requires typing faster than you can think would have to be mindless and, no matter what keyboard, would likely result in RSI. I wouldn't recommend anyone take that job.
I also have kids and am interested in the same question, but I would raise it up a level and ask: "Should I teach my kids to type?"
Right now they mostly use voice recognition and seem to be getting along pretty well...
Learning to touch type was probably life changing for me. I write quite a lot of reports, business plans, proposals, grant applications etc. and I can type nearly as fast as I can verbalise what I am thinking, and it has made me super productive compared to when I couldn’t type.
You can't take notes in a public / busy / quiet place using voice recognition. You can't do it at lectures and conferences either.
Voice recognition will continue to improve but even for those situations where using it is appropriate, typing has a random access aspect with writing that you don't really have with voice. (Though, to be sure, I assume giving dictation will probably become a skill that many people acquire again.)
But, yes, typing properly is probably a worthwhile skill to have. It's something I'm a bit sorry I never learned properly. (Also shorthand.)
Voice typing will never be robust enough to handle the innumerable use cases of text input, even if the technology were significantly improved from where it is now. As a trivial example, inputting information that you don't want to be heard by whoever's around.
More concretely speaking, do you think their teachers & future employers would be OK with them not knowing a computing skill that's become fundamental to modern life?
I can not imagine trying to use voice recognition for programming for one thing.
And I don't think COBOL or BASIC will suddenly have a huge comeback.
Don't worried. Let them choose what to play with. They will learn faster than you, I promise.
Off-topic: I'm kinda worried our kids might not know or use pens correctly if we keep pushing keyboard use.
been there, use qwerty.
1. every keyboard in the wild they encounter will be qwerty
2. probably a matter of time before keyboard is fully optional/non existent.
This will give them zero "advantage" in the real world.
You gonna teach them to carry a Dvorak keyboard with them everywhere they go too?


On 2014-06-06 02:46, Carlos Alberto Lopez Perez wrote:
For the future... is there any site where one can manually download the packages waiting on the queue? I know about incoming.debian.org, but this openssl:i386=0.9.8o-4squeeze15 don't seems to be there
The package doesn't appear to be updated yet for amd64 at http://http.debian.net/ either.
I've checked intermittently since the announcement. -- Cheers, Jan


additional locked modules on disc
Posted 17 September 2008 - 09:36 AM
My questions is, does the disc that comes with the scholars 8 premier package come with all the unlocked library 8 premier content? If so how would I go about unlocking it?
I live in Nigeria so mail order is a big problem, however, if the disc I have already has the content I could simply purchase the codes needed to unlock it.
Thanks for the help.
Posted 17 September 2008 - 09:49 AM
Posted 17 September 2008 - 10:02 AM
Yes, not only is the Library Premier all on the same DVD so you can purchase just a code, but you can also request the Double Bundle package with both Premier levels, for extra savings (within 3 months).
That sounds great! I have already purchased the scholars premier pack, so how would I go about taking advantage of the bundle offer? I can't see any option of an upgrade just the full bundle itself.
Posted 17 September 2008 - 10:25 AM
Posted 17 September 2008 - 11:40 AM
I just sent the order and with the savings I was able to get the super premier double bundle (I love that name) and also the ANF fathers collection which I have been dying to get my hands on for ages.
Thanks very much for your help.
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Incremental Backup Definition
An incremental backup is defined as a security copy that contains files that have been altered since the last backup. There are several types of incremental backups, including byte-level incremental backup, block-level incremental backup and incremental forever backup. Below, we go into more detail about incremental backups to help you understand the full definition.
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As the name suggests, a full backup is a complete backup of every file you wish to backup. Since a full backup only requires one set of backup data, restoration occurs quickly, but can have high storage requirements.
Unlike full backup, incremental backup copies the parts of files that have changed since the previous backup, saving valuable time and storage space.
Types of Incremental Backups & Their Definitions
According to Computer Weekly, incremental backups copy all of the files that have changed since the last backup was made. They do this whether the last backup was a full one or an incremental copy. So if a full backup was done on day one, day two's incremental will back up all of the files that have changed since day one. Likewise, day three's incremental backup will only copy those files that have changed since day two's incremental took place."
Byte-level incremental backups help reduce the amount of computation required to determine duplicate data by monitoring individual bytes that have changed within a file system.
Block-level incremental backups are more efficient than file-level backups because rather than the entire file being backed up, only the changed blocks are backed up. According to TechTarget, "Each block acts as an individual hard drive and is configured by the storage administrator. These blocks are controlled by the server-based operating system, and are generally accessed by Fibre Channel (FC), Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) or iSCSI protocols."
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Hi! is there any bundle, containing qtcreator?
I don’t think it is packaged with Clear Linux.
Here is a previous forum post about manually installing it though:
It’s packaged, however it is not in any bundle
OK, 4.9.1 will be available soon (ongoing pkg update & bundle)
@User_User release 30010 has the bundle


//
//  MThemeFiveV.h
//  ipad
//
//  Created by Zhang Xinrong on 2018/11/12.
//  Copyright © 2018 nil. All rights reserved.
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "YSEQPThemeFiveModel.h"

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface MThemeFiveV : UIView
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSMutableArray *selectedArray;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *titleLabel1;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *btn1;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *btn12;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *btn13;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *selected1;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *selected2;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *selected3;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UIButton *btn2;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel *titleLabel2;
@property(nonatomic,copy)void(^selectedBlock)(UIButton *sender, YSEQPThemeFiveModel *model);
@property (nonatomic, strong) YSEQPThemeFiveModel *model;
-(void)initToDefalut;
@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END


#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

int main()
{
    int bin, dec, p, q, c=-1;

    scanf("%d", &bin);

    dec=0;

    while(bin)
    {
        p=bin/10;
        q=bin%10;
        ++c;
        dec += q * pow(2,c);
        bin=p;
    }

    printf("%d\n", dec);

    return 0;

}


Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and relationships between organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. The hierarchical classification of groups nested within more inclusive groups is reflected in diagrams. Scientist consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evolutionary past because one cannot go back through time to confirm the proposed relationships.
Unlike with a taxonomic classification, a phylogenetic tree can be read like a map of evolutionary history, as shown in Figure 12.4. Shared characteristics are used to construct phylogenetic trees. The point where a split occurs in a tree, called a branch point, represents where a single lineage evolved into distinct new ones. Many phylogenetic trees have a single branch point at the base representing a common ancestor of all the branches in the tree. Scientists call such trees rooted, which means there is a single ancestral taxon at the base of a phylogenetic tree to which all organisms represented in the diagram descend from. When two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa, for example the two species of orangutans. A branch point with more than two groups illustrates a situation for which scientists have not definitively determined relationships. An example is illustrated by the three branches leading to the gorilla subspecies; their exact relationships are not yet understood. It is important to note that sister taxa share an ancestor, which does not mean that one taxon evolved from the other. The branch point, or split, represents a common ancestor that existed in the past, but that no longer exists. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees (nor did chimpanzees evolve from humans) although they are our closest living relatives. Both humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common ancestor that lived, scientists believe, six million years ago and looked different from both modern chimpanzees and modern humans.
The branch points and the branches in phylogenetic tree structure also imply evolutionary change. Sometimes the significant character changes are identified on a branch or branch point. For example, in Figure 12.5, the branch point that gives rise to the mammal and reptile lineage from the frog lineage shows the origin of the amniotic egg character. Also the branch point that gives rise to organisms with legs is indicated at the common ancestor of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and jawed fishes.
This interactive exercise (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/tree_of_life3) allows you to explore the evolutionary relationships among species.
- 2122 reads


Jzzhu have n non-negative integers a1, a2, ..., an. We will call a sequence of indexes i1, i2, ..., ik (1 ≤ i1 < i2 < ... < ik ≤ n) a group of size k.

Jzzhu wonders, how many groups exists such that ai1 & ai2 & ... & aik = 0 (1 ≤ k ≤ n)? Help him and print this number modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7). Operation x & y denotes bitwise AND operation of two numbers.


// RUN: not %clang %s --hedonism -### 2>&1 | \
// RUN: FileCheck %s
// RUN: not %clang %s --hell -### 2>&1 | \
// RUN: FileCheck %s --check-prefix=DID-YOU-MEAN

// CHECK: error: unsupported option '--hedonism'
// DID-YOU-MEAN: error: unsupported option '--hell'; did you mean '--help'?


Let's call an array of $$$k$$$ integers $$$c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_k$$$ terrible, if the following condition holds:

- Let $$$AVG$$$ be the $$$\frac{c_1 + c_2 + \ldots + c_k}{k}$$$(the average of all the elements of the array, it doesn't have to be integer). Then the number of elements of the array which are bigger than $$$AVG$$$ should be strictly larger than the number of elements of the array which are smaller than $$$AVG$$$. Note that elements equal to $$$AVG$$$ don't count.For example $$$c = \{1, 4, 4, 5, 6\}$$$ is terrible because $$$AVG = 4.0$$$ and $$$5$$$-th and $$$4$$$-th elements are greater than $$$AVG$$$ and $$$1$$$-st element is smaller than $$$AVG$$$.

Let's call an array of $$$m$$$ integers $$$b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_m$$$ bad, if at least one of its non-empty subsequences is terrible, and good otherwise.

You are given an array of $$$n$$$ integers $$$a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$$$. Find the minimum number of elements that you have to delete from it to obtain a good array.

An array is a subsequence of another array if it can be obtained from it by deletion of several (possibly, zero or all) elements.


Pluralsight – Ruby Beyond The Basics
Pluralsight is one of the most preferred platforms out there for finding training courses across a number of categories when it comes to online knowing in the tech space. And as we’ll talk about in the Pluralsight evaluation below, its popularity among technology experts has actually most definitely been earned.
If you are an IT specialist, you know that staying up-to-date on the current innovation is essential to your success. You also know that this can be hard, especially if you do not have the moment or cash to attend pricey training programs.
That’s where Pluralsight can be found in.
With its substantial library naturally on whatever from programming to networking, Pluralsight is best for anyone that intends to remain ahead of the curve in the tech world.
This Pluralsight review covers everything you need to understand about this fantastic platform. It’s a complete guide to Pluralsight’s training courses, rates, trainers, and extra!
What is Pluralsight?
Pluralsight is an on the internet knowing platform that uses courses in different disciplines with a particular concentrate on technology abilities.
Today, Pluralsight has more than 7,000 programs in its brochure, covering everything from programs as well as internet growth to organization and also creative abilities.
With a goal to equalize technology skills, Pluralsight gives members with the devices they need to remain ahead of the curve in an ever-changing globe.
Pluralsight likewise uses a range of functions to help learners stay on track, including program certificates, development tracking, and also course referrals.
In addition, Pluralsight uses a premium registration that offers individuals access to exclusive content and functions, such as offline viewing as well as Pluralsight IQ. Whether you’re simply looking or beginning to comb up on your abilities, Pluralsight is a great source for learning brand-new points.
Visit this site to attempt Pluralsight cost-free for 10 days.
Who Teaches on Pluralsight?
It’s a very crucial concern that everyone asks. People need to know if the training has trustworthiness. It most definitely does when it comes to Pluralsight as well as its instructors.
Pluralsight is special because every one of its courses are instructed by professional teachers who are leaders in their corresponding fields.
Because of this, Pluralsight trainees can be confident that they obtain the most recent and also most precise details feasible. The instructors on Pluralsight are meticulously chosen for their know-how as well as capability to involve and educate learners.
Additionally, Pluralsight offers numerous methods for teachers to personalize their programs, making certain that each course is customized to the student’s requirements. Likewise, Pluralsight gives both live and tape-recorded training courses so that students can select the discovering style that finest matches them.
Pluralsight additionally provides added sources to aid learners succeed, consisting of:
- Specialist suggestions
- Training course Discounts
- Exceptional Support System
- An active neighborhood forum
Millions of learners globally trust Pluralsight as a resource of high-quality, expert-led instruction! It’s likewise changing the means individuals learn worldwide, and it’s quickly coming to be the go-to location for everyone attempting to enhance their abilities.
What Can You Learn on Pluralsight?
pluralsight training courses
Finding out a brand-new ability isn’t hard as long as you have a great system like Pluralsight.
As well as, since Pluralsight is always including brand-new programs, you’re certain to discover something that’s right for you.
Pluralsight’s outstanding features make finding out easy and enjoyable, such as training course referrals, interactive exercises, and professional instructors.
A few of the training course groups you can explore on Pluralsight consist of:
- Design & construction
- Organization specialist
- Creative expert
- Data expert
- IT ops
- Manufacturing & layout
- Info & cyber protection
- Software program growth
- Web advancement
With over 7,000 programs available, Pluralsight has a course for every person, from those just beginning their jobs to those aiming to maintain their abilities existing.
Pluralsight offers abilities analyses as well as a job course tool to assist students identify which training courses will help them reach their profession objectives. They are additionally among the largest online training carriers.
Visit this site to try Pluralsight free for 10 days.
Just How Much Does Pluralsight Cost?
Pluralsight rates depends on the type of subscription that you pick. Below’s a standard introduction of the Pluralsight bundles:
The Standard Package costs $29 monthly. If you choose to pay each year, it will certainly aid you conserve approximately 14%, and the cost you will certainly have to pay would be $299.
Premium Package sets you back $45 monthly, or an yearly membership would certainly be $449.
Beginner: $33.25/ month.
Expert: $48.25/ month.
Business: $64.91/ month.
Pluralsight likewise supplies excellent price cuts for pupils and instructors . Pluralsight supplies unbelievable price cuts on group packages for annual memberships.
Pluralsight Free Trial Details.
Pluralsight does feature a free trial, which allows you to access all of the programs for 10 days. Throughout the trial duration, you can access 200 mins of Pluralsight web content.
You will certainly not be charged if you choose to terminate your registration within the 10-day test duration. Nonetheless, if you do not cancel your registration within the 10-day test period, you will be immediately charged for the monthly or annual registration, depending upon which alternative you pick.
Click on this link to try Pluralsight totally free for 10 days.
Just How does Pluralsight Pricing Compare to Other Platforms?
Pluralsight is just one of one of the most preferred on the internet discovering platforms worldwide, as well as what really establishes it apart from various other platforms is its large concentrate on tech understanding.
However exactly how does the cost of Pluralsight compare to various other popular on the internet learning systems? Let’s contrast:.
- LinkedIn Learning prices– $29.99 for month-to-month or $240 for an yearly subscription.
- Masterclass rates– $180-$ 276 a year, no regular monthly strategies available.
- Coursera pricing– $59 a month or $399 a year for a Coursera Plus membership.
- Skillshare pricing– $167.88 per year, which works out to $13.99/ month averaged out.
On top of that, Pluralsight provides both business and individual plans, making it a flexible alternative for personal as well as specialist growth.
This makes Pluralsight an ideal system for those who want to get sensible experience and theoretical expertise.
Overall, Pluralsight is a straightforward and also comprehensive learning platform suitable for people and also businesses at affordable prices.
Visit this site to attempt Pluralsight free for 10 days.
Exactly How Does Pluralsight Work?
Pluralsight is changing the method individuals discover and also is aiding to make the world a better place for everybody.
Trainees can register for Pluralsight training courses through the site and accessibility the material at their very own rate.
Pluralsight programs are split into modules, and also each component consists of a series of video lessons as well as tests. Students can see the video lessons as lot of times as they desire and also take the quizzes as lot of times as they require to grasp the material.
Pluralsight also supplies a certification of conclusion for every training course. With its flexible understanding layout and also expert-led courses, Pluralsight is a excellent way to get new skills or enhance existing ones.
Just how to register for Pluralsight.
Registering for Pluralsight is simple and only takes a couple of mins.
Initially, go to the Pluralsight internet site and develop an account. You can search the Pluralsight library as well as pick the courses you want to take once you have an account. You can additionally search for certain courses by key phrase or filter by topic.
When you locate a training course you want to take, click on the “Sign Up” button. You will then be motivated to enter your payment details. Pluralsight provides a range of repayment choices, consisting of charge card, PayPal, etc!
You will be able to access your training course instantly as soon as you have selected a repayment approach. Pluralsight also supplies a complimentary trial to make sure that you can check out their platform before committing to a paid registration. So why wait? Register for Pluralsight today and also begin discovering something new!
Go here to attempt Pluralsight cost-free for 10 days.
Exactly how to take Pluralsight courses.
Pluralsight courses are a great means to find out new skills as well as improve present ones. Right here’s exactly how to begin:.
First, develop a Pluralsight account. You can do this by going to their site and clicking on the “Sign Up” button. Enter your details and click the “Create My Account” switch.
When you have an account, you can browse through the training courses that Pluralsight supplies. Type the subject’s name into the search bar to discover a training course that interests you.
For instance, if you’re interested in learning about internet advancement, you would kind “Web Development” into the search bar.
When you’ve located a training course you ‘d such as to take, click the “Enroll Now” button. Pluralsight will certainly then ask you to verify your enrollment. Once you’ve validated your registration, Pluralsight will include the program to your account, and you can start taking it instantly.
Pluralsight courses are self-paced, suggesting you can resolve them at your speed. They are likewise hands-on, with a lot of chances to practice what you’re learning. They are developed by market professionals, so you can be confident you’re obtaining the newest and biggest info.
Whether you’re wanting to learn brand-new coding abilities or review your Photoshop strategies, Pluralsight has a program. So check them out today as well as see exactly how very easy it is to discover something new.
Pluralsight Features Explained.
Programs are expert-led and concentrate on useful abilities.
Pluralsight is a wonderful source for those wanting to learn new practical skills. The programs are expert-led as well as focus on giving users the skills they require to succeed in their field.
Pluralsight also provides a variety of various other features, such as the capability to create custom-made courses as well as quizzes that make it an vital resource for any person looking to enhance their skill set. Pluralsight is a fantastic resource for those looking to boost their useful skills.
A variety of payment options are available.
The best thing about Pluralsight is that it uses a selection of settlement choices to suit any spending plan. You can pay by the month, year, or even acquire a life time membership. Pluralsight also uses discounts for trainees and also educators !
Settlement Options Include.
Whether you’re aiming to find out coding, internet development, or anything in between, Pluralsight is a excellent option– as well as with its adaptable repayment alternatives, there’s no reason not to give it a try!
Certification of conclusion for each and every program.
Pluralsight likewise uses a certificate of conclusion for every course, separating it from various other online education and learning platforms. This can be very handy in building your resume as well as showing your skills to prospective employers.
Pluralsight is committed to assisting people find out new abilities and expand their careers, and also the business’s objective is to make premium education accessible to every person. For any person seeking to enhance their skills or learn something brand-new, Pluralsight is a fantastic option.
Gain new abilities or improve existing ones.
Pluralsight is a excellent method to acquire new abilities or improve existing ones! It supplies tons of courses on various topics to discover what you require to understand for your task or your personal life.
Pluralsight’s programs are instructed by experts who are passionate about their areas as well as understand exactly how to involve their students. Discovering a brand-new ability with Pluralsight comes to be a item of cake!
Find out at your own pace.
Pluralsight has the advantage of allowing you to discover at your very own pace. It has a wide range certainly offered, so you can always find something interesting. And if you’re not sure regarding a certain program, Pluralsight provides totally free tests to try it prior to you buy.
It additionally has continual understanding paths to track your progress and also gauge your efficiency in details abilities. Whether a novice or an expert , Pluralsight has something for every person! So why not try Pluralsight today as well as see how much you can go?
Free test offered.
Pluralsight offers numerous features to its customers, one of one of the most prominent being the cost-free test. With the Pluralsight complimentary trial, customers can access every one of the website’s programs and check out Pluralsight at their recreation.
The Pluralsight free trial is specifically advantageous for those brand-new to the site and also that need to know how it functions before devoting to a paid registration. Pluralsight has different other attributes, consisting of course rankings as well as testimonials, which can aid individuals make notified decisions about which programs to take.
What are you waiting for? Sign up for Pluralsight today! With its expert-led courses and flexible discovering style, Pluralsight is the excellent platform for IT professionals.
Pluralsight’s best attribute is its tool support. Pluralsight can be accessed on any kind of tool with an web connection, consisting of laptop computers, smart devices, and tablet computers . This makes it easy to find out new abilities while on the go.
Pluralsight likewise has offline watching, so you can continue finding out even if you do not have an net link. Plus, Pluralsight provides a 10-day free trial, so you can try out the system before dedicating to a membership. With numerous benefits, it’s not surprising that Pluralsight is just one of the leading online understanding platforms.
Eventually, Pluralsight’s numerous offerings give possibilities for people of all histories to develop new skills and progress their jobs. A terrific function of Pluralsight is its community. Pluralsight has a area of developers who share their expertise and experience with others.
The community is always ready to aid address inquiries, supply comments, and also collaborate on tasks. Pluralsight also offers a discussion forum for programmers to share their code libraries, snippets, as well as tutorials . Pluralsight is an very useful source for programmers aiming to improve their skills or find out new innovations.
A major function of Pluralsight’s interface is its quality. The Pluralsight user interface is tidy as well as modern , and very easy to browse. Pluralsight courses are organized right into modules, and also each module is split into lessons.
The Pluralsight interface makes it very easy to locate the programs you need as well as track your development. Pluralsight also supplies a variety of ways to find out, including video-based training courses, articles, and quizzes. You can likewise earn badges and also certifications as you total Pluralsight training courses.
Go here to try Pluralsight totally free for 10 days.
Pluralsight Review FAQs.
Is Pluralsight Expensive?
While it holds true that Pluralsight’s training courses are not free, they are still very cost effective compared to other on-line education and learning systems. Additionally, Pluralsight often runs promotions as well as price cuts , making their programs even more economical. Hence, Pluralsight programs aren’t as well expensive as well as are extremely cost effective.
What is the function of Pluralsight?
Pluralsight is a innovation understanding system that assists companies close the skills space and maintain their labor force relevant in an ever-changing industry. Pluralsight gives on-line programs shown by specialist teachers, enabling pupils to learn brand-new skills at their very own rate.
Which one is much better: Udemy or Pluralsight?
There are many different choices available for on the internet learning, and also it can be hard to choose the appropriate platform for your demands. 2 of one of the most prominent systems are Udemy and Pluralsight.
Both systems supply a large range certainly, but there are some essential differences in between them. Pluralsight concentrates especially on tech-related topics, while Udemy offers a extra diverse selection of courses. Pluralsight additionally supplies a wider range of features, including the ability to tailor your learning experience to your details goals.
Is Pluralsight Worth It?
Pluralsight is absolutely worth your time, especially if you’re a tech specialist (or want to become one) aiming to upskill.
It is an on the internet education system that supplies programs in numerous topics, including programs, style, organization, and a lot more. Pluralsight is a excellent source for any individual looking to improve their abilities or discover new ones.
The training courses are well-designed and also provide a large amount of details. They are also moderately valued and come with a money-back guarantee. Pluralsight programs are a excellent investment for anybody looking to enhance their abilities.
While Pluralsight is not a standard university, it can still be a valuable source for occupation growth. The training courses offered on Pluralsight cover a series of subjects that can profit experts in any kind of field. As an example, Pluralsight uses training courses on task management, internet advancement, and graphic layout.
In addition, Pluralsight likewise offers courses on soft abilities such as management and also communication. By taking advantage of the resources used by Pluralsight, you can acquire the abilities as well as expertise you require to do well in your occupation. In general, Pluralsight is a comprehensive and also affordable on-line understanding platform appropriate for both newbies and also skilled students.
Start with Pluralsight.
Making use of Pluralsight, you can develop the abilities you need to progress in your career or modification sectors. And best of all, Pluralsight offers a complimentary trial so you can try the system and also see if it’s ideal for you.
Why not obtain started today? With Pluralsight, you can find out at your own speed and also schedule. And also, Pluralsight training courses are created by industry specialists, so you know you’re obtaining top notch guideline.
Visit this site to attempt Pluralsight complimentary for 10 days.
When it comes to Pluralsight and its teachers, it most definitely does.
Pluralsight uses a range of repayment options, consisting of debt card, PayPal, and so on!
Pluralsight training courses are self-paced, indicating you can function via them at your speed. Pluralsight is an very useful resource for developers looking to boost their skills or find out brand-new technologies.


Day two at re:Invent 2017 was incredibly packed, crowded, and exciting. My favorite announcement so far is the new AWS AppSync, as it aligns with one of the most promising (yet somehow controversial) design principles adopted by the serverless community: GraphQL.
If you are not familiar with GraphQL, we recently explained how to write GraphQL Apps using AWS Lambda, and hosted a webinar about the Love Story between Serverless and GraphQL. Here’s a quick look at what you need to know about AWS AppSync.
Mobile and Web App Challenges
I attended the first deep dive session on AWS AppSync, which brilliantly summarized the main technical challenges faced by most mobile and web applications:
- Authentication & user management
- Efficient network usage
- Multi-device support
- Data synchronization between devices
- Offline data access
- Real-time data streams
- Cloud data conflict detection & resolution
- Running server-side code (without managing servers)
Each of these challenges could merit its own article, but I am assuming that everyone has experienced a really bad mobile UX, and at least once from the user perspective (any implicit reference to the AWS re:Invent app is clearly unintentional). Moreover, most of these challenges are a direct consequence of how we’ve been designing RESTful interfaces for web and mobile.
If you are a web or mobile developer, GraphQL can help you solve many of these challenges, especially the ones related to network optimization, thanks to dynamic queries, and real-time data streams, thanks to GraphQL subscriptions.
How is GraphQL better than REST?
GraphQL can alleviate the pain caused by many complex problems that are pretty much unsolvable with REST only. This includes API resource relationships, reduced or customized information in API responses, dynamic query support, advanced ordering and paging, push notifications, etc.
GraphQL is basically a query language for APIs, and it makes it very easy to add an abstraction layer on top of already existing data and APIs. Plus, it’s strongly typed and can act as a self-documenting contract between client and server.
Again, if you are not familiar with the concept of GraphQL Queries, Mutations, and Subscriptions, have a read here (it gets more technical from now on!).
AWS AppSync Features & Gotchas
AWS AppSync allows you to focus on building apps instead of managing all the infrastructure needed to run GraphQL (either with or without servers).
AppSync will connect queries to AWS resources, and it provides built-in offline and real-time stream support via client-side libraries, which also come with different strategies for data conflict resolution (even custom Lambda-based implementations!). The service offers enterprise-level security features such as API keys, IAM, and Cognito User Pools support.
As with any GraphQL application, your development workflow would look like the following:
- Define your schema (queries, mutations, and subscriptions)
- Define resolvers (data sources)
- Use client tooling to fetch data via the GraphQL endpoint
AWS AppSync provides built-in support for three data sources:
- Lambda (for custom or generated fields)
Mutation Resolvers can be mapped into data sources via mapping templates (Velocity). As with API Gateway templates, they come with a few utilities such as JSON conversion, unique ID generation, etc., and ready-to-use sample templates. Based on the specific data source, templates will allow for complete customization of the backend query (e.g. DynamoDB PutItem, ElasticSearch geolocation queries, etc.).
Since you’ll spend most of the time working with the Schema Editor, I was quite happy to notice that it is quite user-friendly, and it comes with search and auto-complete capabilities.
AWS AppSync and AWS Lambda
You can use AWS Lambda to compute dynamic fields, eventually in a batch fashion. For example, imagine that your schema defines a “paid” field that needs to be fetched from a third-party payment system for each invoice. You would probably define a ComputePaid Function and a ComputePaidBatch Function.
The batch function will be automatically invoked to process the value of multiple records without incurring the N+1 problem. Of course, you could use the same Lambda Function for individual and batch processing.
AWS AppSync Pricing
AppSync will be charged based on the total number of operations and real-time updates. More detailed, real-time updates are charged based on the number of updates and the minutes of connection.
Here are the numbers:
- $4 per million Query and Data Modification Operations
- $2 per million Real-time Updates
- $0.08 per million minutes of connection to the AWS AppSync service
Please note that data transfer is charged at the EC2 data transfer rate and that real-time updates are priced per 5kb payload of data delivered (prorated). While the service is completely free during the preview phase, it will come with a free tier once it is generally available.
Also note that AppSync has no minimum fees or mandatory service usage, compared to other similar offerings such as Graphcool.
I expect that AWS AppSync will be well received by the serverless community, and it will make GraphQL much easier to adopt for many use cases.
It will be a great option for applications that need to drastically optimize data delivery, or to transparently manage many data sources under the hood. Moreover, it will also allow developers to design self-documenting APIs powered by a strong type system and a powerful set of developer tools that will simplify API evolution.
Keep in mind that AWS AppSync is still in preview, but you can start playing with it by signing up here.
I’m looking forward to playing with it myself next week, and I can’t wait to share my first results with the community. If you already use GraphQL in production, let us know what you think of AWS AppSync in the comments below!


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Two ReactART TODOs implemented on Android
Summary: Implemented 2 TODOs from ReactART for Android: - TODO(7255985): Use TextureView and pass Surface from the view to draw on it asynchronously instead of passing the bitmap (which is inefficient especially in terms of memory usage) - TODO(6352067): Support dashes in ARTShape We use ReactNativeART in our Android project. 1. Our app crashes sometimes on large screen smartphones with OutOfMemoryError. Crashes happen in ARTSurfaceShadowNode where TODO(7255985) was suggested in a comment in order to use memory more efficiently. 2. We needed dashes for drawing on ARTSurface. **Test plan (required)** I attach a screenshot of our app which shows dashed-lines and two ARTSurfaces on top of each other rendering exactly the same as in the pervious implementation of ARTSurface. ![screenshot_2016-08-19-16-45-43](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/18415611/17811741/cafc35c4-662c-11e6-8a63-7c35ef1c5ba9.png) Closes #9486 Differential Revision: D4021303 Pulled By: foghina fbshipit-source-id: 880175e841e3c598013982a7748b6fc691c7e8d6
- Loading branch information...
Showing with 72 additions and 46 deletions.
- +2 −2 ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/views/art/ARTShapeShadowNode.java
- +3 −25 ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/views/art/ARTSurfaceView.java
- +1 −3 ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/views/art/ARTSurfaceViewManager.java
- +66 −16 ReactAndroid/src/main/java/com/facebook/react/views/art/ARTSurfaceViewShadowNode.java


£600 - £700 a day
Java/Agile Developer - TDD, Java, MongoDB, Cassandra (Big Data)
Multiple headcount for a very well respected tech team - we are looking for people whose passion is firstly producing simple, effective and well tested code - this will be at the core of everything you do - Test Driven Development.
The tech stack is Java 8 with other peripheral languages inc: Scala, Clojure and we are using MongDB and Cassandra.
Please note you will receive an automated response advising you that we have received your CV.
Hudson is a leading provider of permanent recruitment, contract professionals and talent management solutions worldwide.
We are committed to ensuring that all job applicants are treated equally, without discrimination because of gender, sexual orientation, marital or civil partner status, gender reassignment, race, colour, nationality, ethnic or national origin, religion or belief, disability or age.
This job was originally posted as www.cwjobs.co.uk/job/81453709
Posted by Hudson IT, 16 May


Download the latest and official version of drivers for HP Deskjet 1220c Printer series. This driver package is available for 32 and 64 bit PCs. It is compatible with the following operating Systems: Windows. Don't worry if you don't know what's your operating system. HP website will automatically detect your device and select the best installer for your OS.
HP Deskjet 1220c Driver: HP Deskjet 1220c printer is quite old. This printer series is discontinued by Hewlett Packard. HP.com also not providing any update or driver for this printer. If you are still using the HP Deskjet 1220c Color Inkjet printer and want to install on your Windows machine, follow instructions given on this blog post.
HP Deskjet 1220c With Windows 10: Some printers have drivers installed through Microsoft Windows Update. Use Windows 10 Update facility to find/install a suitable driver for your HP Deskjet 1220c printer. 2b1af7f3a8


Dalaran is a flying city of magic. It consists of $$$n$$$ floating islands connected by $$$m$$$ bridges (each bridge can be traversed in both directions). Every island is reachable from every other along these bridges. It would be a shame if some magic experiment went horribly wrong and this magnificent city got destroyed, right?

Well, just guess what happened. A portal to demons' realm was opened at the island $$$1$$$. This is the start of day $$$1$$$ of the catastrophe, and all $$$k$$$ mages have gathered at the island $$$1$$$ (they were trying to close the portal, but found out that it was impossible). At the start of day $$$2$$$, a gigantic horde of demons will emerge from the portal, capture the island $$$1$$$ and kill every mage staying at that island. During each day $$$i$$$, if the island $$$v$$$ was captured by demons by the start of the day, the horde of demons will travel across all bridges connected directly to $$$v$$$, capture every island they reach, and kill every mage they meet along the way.

Each bridge contains exactly one magic stone. Each mage at the start of the day can do one of the following actions:

- Spend one day travelling along one of the bridges connected to the island where the mage currently is. When passing through a bridge, the mage can pick up the magic stone from it (if there is any; each magic stone can be picked up by at most one mage). If the bridge is passed by the demons during the same day, or by the start of the next day, the island where the mage goes is already captured by the demonic horde (even if they arrive there at the same moment), the mage is killed.
- Perform a teleportation ritual to get to safety outside Dalaran. This ritual consumes two magic stones (and cannot be performed if the mage has less than two stones).

Each magic stone decays in $$$2$$$ days, so if is picked up in the middle of day $$$i$$$, it decays in the middle of day $$$i + 2$$$. Decayed stones cannot be used in teleportation ritual.

Calculate the maximum number of mages that can get to safety.


David was given a red checkered rectangle of size $$$n \times m$$$. But he doesn't like it. So David cuts the original or any other rectangle piece obtained during the cutting into two new pieces along the grid lines. He can do this operation as many times as he wants.

As a result, he will get a set of rectangles. Rectangles $$$1 \times 1$$$ are forbidden.

David also knows how to paint the cells blue. He wants each rectangle from the resulting set of pieces to be colored such that any pair of adjacent cells by side (from the same piece) have different colors.

What is the minimum number of cells David will have to paint?


Patrick calls a substring$$$^\dagger$$$ of a binary string$$$^\ddagger$$$ good if this substring contains exactly one 1.

Help Patrick count the number of binary strings $$$s$$$ such that $$$s$$$ contains exactly $$$n$$$ good substrings and has no good substring of length strictly greater than $$$k$$$. Note that substrings are differentiated by their location in the string, so if $$$s =$$$ 1010 you should count both occurrences of 10.

$$$^\dagger$$$ A string $$$a$$$ is a substring of a string $$$b$$$ if $$$a$$$ can be obtained from $$$b$$$ by the deletion of several (possibly, zero or all) characters from the beginning and several (possibly, zero or all) characters from the end.

$$$^\ddagger$$$ A binary string is a string that only contains the characters 0 and 1.


Unfortunately though, the error message i get is not very much help its the registrations table that is giving me the error super user. The findings come from people who use microsoft word and/or outlook, below, we've listed the 10 most common grammar errors, along with. Reflexively oking a destructive operation because of the way brains form habits, most users quickly get used to clicking/tapping an action button and then c.
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Common microsoft edge problems, and how to fix them it's designed to completely replace microsoft's older browser (yay) but confronts users with an you can look for these errors with windows 10's system file checker. Make use of the professional recommended ms excel repair tool to fix common excel errors this is the best tool to repair all sort of issues,. Common errors people make in using microsoft word from faq this isn't really a common error in that few people try to use master. These are just solutions to common causes for these errors to c:\documents and settings\all users\application data\microsoft\crypto\rsa.
A common belief is that error messages are the worst user experience and should be avoided at all costs, but it is more accurate to say that. Steps to fix send/receive error in ms outlook or outlook express let us discuss a live scenario where a user gets 'send/receive' problem in email c:\ program files\common files\windows messaging\scanpstexe.
Even though microsoft is making the upgrade to windows 10 an easy process, many users are experiencing a number of issues today we look. The microsoft azure portal is no different error message text is the normal type of error message display that's common to every other application out there when an error occurs attempting to do something the user. The windows store, now called the microsoft store app, can go c: \% username%\appdata\local\packages\microsoft we'll show you how to fix the most common issues with windows update in windows 10. Many of these problems are outside your control, but others can be introduced through user error it doesn't matter how much simpler microsoft.


Looking at David McCandless' illustration of what makes for effective information design inspired me to articulate my own point of view. In this post, I briefly discuss the importance of affordances, accessibility, and aesthetics in data visualization.
If you’re a designer, you know that communicating with clients can often be very frustrating. With that in mind, we bring you one funny cheat sheet, explaining what clients really mean when providing feedback. Courtesy of Plato web design


The position of the leftmost maximum on the segment $$$[l; r]$$$ of array $$$x = [x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n]$$$ is the smallest integer $$$i$$$ such that $$$l \le i \le r$$$ and $$$x_i = \max(x_l, x_{l+1}, \ldots, x_r)$$$.

You are given an array $$$a = [a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n]$$$ of length $$$n$$$. Find the number of integer arrays $$$b = [b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_n]$$$ of length $$$n$$$ that satisfy the following conditions:

- $$$1 \le b_i \le m$$$ for all $$$1 \le i \le n$$$;
- for all pairs of integers $$$1 \le l \le r \le n$$$, the position of the leftmost maximum on the segment $$$[l; r]$$$ of the array $$$b$$$ is equal to the position of the leftmost maximum on the segment $$$[l; r]$$$ of the array $$$a$$$.

Since the answer might be very large, print its remainder modulo $$$10^9+7$$$.