MICK McCarthy says he will revert back to his A Team against Newcastle.
Ten changes were made against Southend and even George Elokobi stands to step down with Jelle Van Damme set to return.
Steven Fletcher is out running again but is unlikely to push aside Kevin Doyle and Sylvan Ebanks-Blake. McCarthy says the opening two league performances suggests little needs to change, although Ronald Zubar, in particular, is pushing for a recall.
“All the players (from Tuesday) are in the squad, but if you’re asking my line-up they won’t be starting. The team that beat Stoke and drew at Everton really warrant playing – certainly most of them,” he said.
Meanwhile, third choice keeper Carl Ikeme has moved to Leicester on an emergency one-month loan.
The 24-year-old is highly regarded at Molineux and has two years on his contract. He will deputise for Foxes’ injured Chris Weale and is in line to make his debut at the Walkers Stadium against Reading tomorrow.


Would you recommend Keynote Prototyping Master Class to a friend?
Thanks for posting this, Ankur. This link gives you a Product Hunt exclusive discount ($100 off) this week (till midnight Sunday) + $20 off Keynotopia UI templates.
@steven_rushing I just tried it and it seems to be working here. It's a popup video, so perhaps your ad blocker is disabling it.
@amirkhella Hmm strange. Checked out a couple computers and browsers earlier. Thanks for checking though. Definitely interested in purchasing!


Council accepts Official Community Plan after open forum
The City of Castlegar held a public hearing on Monday to discuss the Official Community Plan Bylaw 1150.
Craig Lindsay
Castlegar City Council and staff hear a presentation from planning technician Shannon Marshall (middle right in green) Tuesday evening during an open house at the Community Forum.
The hearing included a presentation from planning technician Shannon Marshall detailing the plan which will be used by municipal and regional governments to guide land use and community planning.
The plan reflects community values which had been identified through input from Castlegar City Council and consultation with the general public.
At the regular Council meeting, which took place after the hearing, the Official Community Plan, Bylaw 1150, was read and moved for a third time and adopted by Council.
“It’s been adopted and is now a living document that continues on. You can update it now,” said mayor Lawrence Chernoff. “It’s more of a guideline really. Some of the things were looking at is the airport property, the infill [using existing vacant lots for development], all those kinds of things. It’s having a plan and somewhat a vision so that you look towards the future and that’s what this document does.”
The vision for the plan states: Castlegar is a small city with a big heart, and BIG ideas. It’s a place where opportunity meets lifestyle. Our community is shaped through innovation: innovation in sustainability, regional servicing, and technology. We area a community with a sense of place, created by people with purpose and passion surrounded by trees, mountains, and water, we have a consistently high quality landscape and airspeed. Excellence in energy action and conservation showcases our leadership in environmental stewardship. Our economic affordable, housing forms are diverse, neighbourhoods are complete and inclusive and the community is well serviced. We are a connection point that unites the region – a hub from which to explore life’s adventure. Nature and technology are our enablers. We have opened our eyes to what’s possible and live happily ever after in Castlegar.
“This is what the plan details where you can put things in the proper perspective. Multiple dwelling areas, single housing and all those, so there is a place in the community for these things to develop,” said Chernoff. “So as you get development permits, it allows you to develop these areas. We can see what will fit in different areas.”
The turnout at Thursday open house was unfortunate small, but Counsellor Deb McIntosh said that the public has had plenty of other opportunities where they have contributed to the plan.
“I’m a little disappointed to see no one here for the public hearing, although there has been some really good, upstanding citizens that came and put a lot of hard work into the document, a lot of thought, a lot of back and forth,” she said. “This was something that was done by the citizens not by council. This has been directed by the people that pay the taxes and live in the community. We’re really proud of the document. We think Shannon did a great job and we’re pleased that people came forward to help with it.”
“The Plan has been in the making for two years. The public has had some great ideas with what they would like to see or not see in the community,” he said. “It’s really a guideline – something to follow so you don’t get the hodgepodge. You need to have planning. You need to be able to set your community up so it has a place to grow but to grow in the proper places.”
One of the areas in Castlegar that the Plan looks at for growth is the airport area.
“We’ve got that big, nice 37 acres at the airport that were putting in water over there – that’s all part of the airport development plan. That helps the economy of the community and that’s really what you are trying to do,” said Chernoff. “It’s the same thing as density. If someone wants to build an apartment where do you thing the best place would be? It might be downtown because you’ve already got the infrastructure in place so let’s make it a little denser and a little bit bigger. We are longitudinal here so let’s compress that and maybe go up or do whatever we need to do.”
The mayor said that planning for the future is crucial in growing Castlegar.
“We’re really looking for economic development,” he said. “To sustain this community over the long term and move it away from a one horse town, or one resource town and that’s where the planning comes into place. It’s like the gaming centre – that’s jobs and those kind of things. All those things we can do on the airport property gives us more jobs, more taxation, and that’s what we’re trying to do.”
A Heartfelt Plea From the Parents Oof Kienan Hebert
Toy Run draws great turnout for great cause


s:sha-1-analysis
SHA-1-Analysis
McDonald, C., Hawkes, P., and J. Pieprzyk. SHA-1 collisions now 252 . EuroCrypt 2009 Rump session. URL: http://eurocrypt2009rump.cr.yp.to/837a0a8086fa6ca714249409ddfae43d.pdf
-
s:sha-1-collisions
SHA-1-Collisions
X. Wang, Y.L. Yin, H. Yu. Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1. In Shoup, V., editor, Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2005, 25th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, California, USA, August 14-18, 2005, Proceedings, volume 3621 of LNCS, pages 17–36. Springer, 2005. URL: http://people.csail.mit.edu/yiqun/SHA1AttackProceedingVersion.pdf (also published in http://www.springerlink.com/content/26vljj3xhc28ux5m/)
-
d:shacl
shacl
20 July 2017
REC
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/
https://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/shacl/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20151008
shacl-20151008
8 October 2015
WD
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-20151008/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-20151008/

Holger Knublauch
Arthur Ryman
-
d:shacl-20160128
shacl-20160128
28 January 2016
WD
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-20160128/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-20160128/

Holger Knublauch
Arthur Ryman
-
d:shacl-20160530
shacl-20160530
30 May 2016
WD
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-20160530/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-20160530/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20160814
shacl-20160814
14 August 2016
WD
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-20160814/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-20160814/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20170202
shacl-20170202
2 February 2017
WD
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shacl-20170202/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shacl-20170202/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20170303
shacl-20170303
3 March 2017
WD
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shacl-20170303/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shacl-20170303/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20170411
shacl-20170411
11 April 2017
CR
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/CR-shacl-20170411/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/CR-shacl-20170411/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20170608
shacl-20170608
8 June 2017
PR
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/PR-shacl-20170608/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/PR-shacl-20170608/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-20170720
shacl-20170720
20 July 2017
REC
Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-shacl-20170720/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/REC-shacl-20170720/

Holger Knublauch
Dimitris Kontokostas
-
d:shacl-abstract-syntax
shacl-abstract-syntax
20 July 2017
NOTE
SHACL Abstract Syntax -- Note on Status of Obsolete Proposal
https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl-abstract-syntax/
https://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/shacl-abstract-syntax/

Eric Prud'hommeaux
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-abstract-syntax-20160825
shacl-abstract-syntax-20160825
25 August 2016
WD
SHACL Core Abstract Syntax and Semantics
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-abstract-syntax-20160825/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-abstract-syntax-20160825/

Eric Prud'hommeaux
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-abstract-syntax-20170720
shacl-abstract-syntax-20170720
20 July 2017
NOTE
SHACL Abstract Syntax -- Note on Status of Obsolete Proposal
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-abstract-syntax-20170720/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-abstract-syntax-20170720/

Eric Prud'hommeaux
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-af
shacl-af
8 June 2017
NOTE
SHACL Advanced Features
https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl-af/
https://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/shacl-af/

Holger Knublauch
Dean Allemang
Simon Steyskal
-
d:shacl-af-20170608
shacl-af-20170608
8 June 2017
NOTE
SHACL Advanced Features
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-af-20170608/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-af-20170608/

Holger Knublauch
Dean Allemang
Simon Steyskal
-
d:shacl-js
shacl-js
8 June 2017
NOTE
SHACL JavaScript Extensions
https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl-js/
https://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/shacl-js/

Holger Knublauch
Pano Maria
-
d:shacl-js-20170608
shacl-js-20170608
8 June 2017
NOTE
SHACL JavaScript Extensions
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-js-20170608/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-js-20170608/

Holger Knublauch
Pano Maria
-
d:shacl-ucr
shacl-ucr
20 July 2017
NOTE
SHACL Use Cases and Requirements
https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl-ucr/
https://w3c.github.io/data-shapes/data-shapes-ucr/

Simon Steyskal
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-ucr-20150414
shacl-ucr-20150414
14 April 2015
WD
SHACL Use Cases and Requirements
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-ucr-20150414/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-ucr-20150414/

Simon Steyskal
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-ucr-20150930
shacl-ucr-20150930
30 September 2015
WD
SHACL Use Cases and Requirements
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-ucr-20150930/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shacl-ucr-20150930/

Simon Steyskal
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-ucr-20160122
shacl-ucr-20160122
22 January 2016
WD
SHACL Use Cases and Requirements
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-ucr-20160122/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shacl-ucr-20160122/

Simon Steyskal
Karen Coyle
-
d:shacl-ucr-20170720
shacl-ucr-20170720
20 July 2017
NOTE
SHACL Use Cases and Requirements
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-ucr-20170720/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/NOTE-shacl-ucr-20170720/

Simon Steyskal
Karen Coyle
-
d:shadow-dom
shadow-dom
5 September 2017
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/shadow-dom/
https://w3c.github.io/webcomponents/spec/shadow/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20120522
shadow-dom-20120522
22 May 2012
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-shadow-dom-20120522/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-shadow-dom-20120522/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20121016
shadow-dom-20121016
16 October 2012
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-shadow-dom-20121016/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-shadow-dom-20121016/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20130514
shadow-dom-20130514
14 May 2013
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-shadow-dom-20130514/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2013/WD-shadow-dom-20130514/

Dimitri Glazkov
-
d:shadow-dom-20140617
shadow-dom-20140617
17 June 2014
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-shadow-dom-20140617/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/WD-shadow-dom-20140617/

Dimitri Glazkov
Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20151006
shadow-dom-20151006
6 October 2015
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shadow-dom-20151006/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shadow-dom-20151006/

Dimitri Glazkov
Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20151215
shadow-dom-20151215
15 December 2015
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shadow-dom-20151215/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2015/WD-shadow-dom-20151215/

Dimitri Glazkov
Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20160531
shadow-dom-20160531
31 May 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160531/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160531/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20160601
shadow-dom-20160601
1 June 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160601/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160601/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20160610
shadow-dom-20160610
10 June 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160610/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160610/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20160624
shadow-dom-20160624
24 June 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160624/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160624/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20160830
shadow-dom-20160830
30 August 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160830/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20160830/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20161013
shadow-dom-20161013
13 October 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20161013/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20161013/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20161110
shadow-dom-20161110
10 November 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20161110/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20161110/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20161128
shadow-dom-20161128
28 November 2016
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20161128/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2016/WD-shadow-dom-20161128/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20170116
shadow-dom-20170116
16 January 2017
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shadow-dom-20170116/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shadow-dom-20170116/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20170213
shadow-dom-20170213
13 February 2017
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shadow-dom-20170213/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shadow-dom-20170213/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shadow-dom-20170905
shadow-dom-20170905
5 September 2017
WD
Shadow DOM
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shadow-dom-20170905/
https://www.w3.org/TR/2017/WD-shadow-dom-20170905/

Hayato Ito
-
d:shape-detection-api
SHAPE-DETECTION-API

Living Standard
Accelerated Shape Detection in Images
https://wicg.github.io/shape-detection-api/

-
d:shoplogfileformat
shoplogfileformat
15 November 2000
NOTE
Shop Log File Format
https://www.w3.org/TR/shoplogfileformat

-
d:shoplogfileformat-20001115
shoplogfileformat-20001115
15 November 2000
NOTE
Shop Log File Format
https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-shoplogfileformat-20001115
https://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-shoplogfileformat-20001115

-


On Thursday, officials with the Run Internacional :The U.S. -México 10K Committee announced the postponement of the annual international run.
Via a news release, officials said that Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials requested that they postpone the race, due to CBP’s need of additional resources for the caravan of Central American migrants potentially headed for the U.S.
According to the race website, the race starts in El Paso next to the Stanton Street Port of Entry, then over the Stanton Street bridge into Ciudad Juarez, then back the Paso Del Norte Bridge. Along the way, racers pass several iconic structures and locations in both El Paso and Juarez.
We greatly appreciate your continuous support of this unique 10K run between our two countries. As you may know, the race requires a lot of coordination and collaboration from our local and federal authorities from both the United States and Mexico.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has been always very supportive of this binational event and is a critical stakeholder to make this happen. You may have heard that a caravan of Central American people is on its way to the U.S.-Mexico border. Based on the need of resources, CBP has requested we postpone this year’s race to a later date in the next few weeks. Please be aware that you can still register for the race here.
We will be providing updates on our website, our Facebook page and by e-mail to already registered runners on a weekly basis until we receive the green light from CBP to celebrate our Run Internacional 2018.
We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you. We hope you can still join us on the new to-be-announced date.


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TRAI revises IUC (Interconnect charges) to 6 paise/minute, effective Oct 1
Mobile calls are now likely to cost less as the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) on Tuesday chose to cut interconnection usage charge (IUC) to 6 paise per minute from 14 paise earlier. It is paid to the telecom operator who receives the call. Reliance Jio, which is a new entrant in the telecom space, demanded scrapping of the interconnect usage charges (IUC). (more...)
Tata Chemicals gains on share sale to Tata Sons
Tata Motors saw volume of 4.72 crore shares, a 74.25-fold surge over two-week average daily volume of 6.36 lakh shares. Freestone Capital Holdings LLC now owns 102,806 shares of the company's stock valued at $3,394,000 after purchasing an additional 1,629 shares during the last quarter. (more...)
Shadow of the Colossus Gets a Stunning New Trailer at TGS 2017
Regardless, as one of the best PS2 games ever made, it's cool enough having Shadow of the Colossus remade in all its glory for the PS4. Unfortunately, a release date for the remake wasn't provided - it's still set to release in 2018 for the PlayStation 4. (more...)
Gionee X1s With 4000mAh Battery Launched At Rs 12999
The device comes with 3GB RAM and Fingerprint sensor. Gionee X1s comes with a 13 Megapixel rear camera with LED Flash. Now, the new Gionee X1s comes with a price tag of Rs. Airtel customers who purchase the device will get 10GB of free data every month for a period of 6 months on all data recharges that are above 1GB. On the connectivity front, the smartphone offers 4G, VoLTE, 3G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Global Positioning System. (more...)
Sonic Forces Kicks Off Pre-Orders for the Digital Bonus Edition Today
It's already known that Sonic Forces will allow players to play as Modern Sonic , Classic Sonic and an Avatar throughout the course of the game, but now it looks like there will be a fourth character who will be joining the fray: Shadow the Hedgehog . (more...)
Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite: Full Roster List Including DLC
Capcom: Infinite later this year. Those will be part of the DLC content, alongside previously announced characters Sigma and Black Panther. All four are expected to be released by the end of 2017 when they will join Sigma and Black Panther as DLC characters. (more...)
Mobile to reportedly increase deprioritization threshold to 50GB
Back in March, T-Mobile jumped the limit to 30GB before increasing it to 32GB in May. We're not sure if the other carriers have plans to increase their monthly limits to match T-Mobile, but like we said, there probably aren't that many who would use 20GB a month, let alone 50GB, so maybe not, but it would still be nice all the same. (more...)
IPhone 8 beats iPhone X in early benchmark tests
To summarize, the iPhone X is truly an innovative smartphone, but the Samsung Galaxy Note 8 still packs a punch with its killer Infinite Display feature. Though sales in the company's information technology and mobile division surpassed 30 trillion won ($26.5 billion at current rates) in the April-June quarter for the first time in roughly three years, operating profit fell 6% on the year. (more...)
Battlefield 1 Free Weekend Coming To Xbox One
The event will run through Sunday, September 24, during which the " Battlefield 1 Revolution Edition ", which includes the base game, all previously released content, and all future content, will come with a 40% off discount. Noire, a title that will be getting the remaster treatment for those on Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch. The full game is included, meaning you'll be able to take on Battlefield 1's well-received single player campaign, as well its generous suite of ... (more...)
Activision Blizzard INC (ATVI) Holder Coatue Management LLC Increased Its Position
Syngenta Ag now has $42.64B valuation. The stock declined 1.29% or $0.84 reaching $64.16 per share. About 3.41 million shares traded or 65.53% up from the average. Cramer Rosenthal Mcglynn Llc reported 832,980 shares stake. Cornercap Inv Counsel stated it has 0.68% of its portfolio in Activision Blizzard, Inc . (more...)
Tokyo Game Show 2017 Trailer
The controller is probably the coolest part of this custom design; sporting a wine-red base, the controller is adorned with markings that serve to remind you of the Rathalos once again. There's still plenty of news coming out of TGS, so keep your eye out on Twinfinite for more! So, perhaps you should pre order it? Monster Hunter World has also been given a release date and it is much sooner than most people have anticipated. (more...)
Navy to use Xbox controllers to operate new periscope systems
The Navy plans on implementing the new Xbox 360 hardware on future Virginia-class submarines. Unlike periscopes in movies, wherein a single person has to peer through an eyepiece, the high-tech version of the instrument uses high-resolution cameras and displays images on big screens. (more...)
Apple's version of Venmo won't be ready until later this year
Apple's big iOS 11 update is about to drop, but one of its most exciting new features isn't quite ready. Apple Pay Cash will allow Apple device users to transfer money between each other within Messages or through Siri. As an initial funding source, Apple users will have to add a debit or credit card to the Apple Wallet app. Recode reports that the money transfer service will not charge a fee when using a debit card or Apple Pay Cash card, but if a credit card is used, then a ... (more...)
IPhone X hype will hurt iPhone 8 pre-orders
According to a statement given by KGI Securities analyst, Ming-Chi Kuo, customers demand for the iPhone X won't be fully met until at least the first half of 2018 due to supply constraints. Kuo said it's highly likely iPhone X demand will cannibalize iPhone 8 pre-orders. As a result, there are all chances that there will not be any pre-orders for next six weeks for iPhone X . (more...)
Square Enix Announces Left Alive for PS4 and Windows
While no further details were announced regarding its Genre the game setting is however clear from the teaser trailer it seems some that it willfeature a post-apocalyptic world. Former Metal Gear and Xenoblade Chronicles X mech designer Takayuki Yanase is also working on the game, which is produced by Final Fantasy producer Shinji Hasimoto. (more...)
Trump highlights peace with Palestinians
Everyone else is satisfied with the existing language, and there's no realistic chance the United States is going to force the whole world to radically change the deal. Trump has been critical of the deal amid concerns about Iran not following the rules, but has so far made no clear effort to pull out the United States. (more...)
Pi Wireless Charging Will Not Require A Charging Mat
According to official sources, Lixin Shi the Pi chief technology officer and he co-created the charger with MacDonald said that the Pi chargers are nearly size of a small table vase and the conical creation in the charges smartphones with magnetic waves. (more...)
Gmail app converts phone numbers and addresses to links
Google Gmail is unarguably the best mail app and is now used by more than a billion users across the world. So it's a bit surprising to realize that Gmail will only now start to automatically convert addresses, phone numbers and contacts into links . (more...)
Xbox One X Standard Edition Pre-Order Leaks Online
Xbox One and Xbox One X consoles support multi-disc release, with all essential games in disc one and additional content on subsequent discs. In the past, Microsoft has unveiled a pre-order date for a specialized bundle of the Xbox One X which features a Project Scorpio branding. (more...)
Rally in support of DACA held on ETSU's campus
Protesters interrupt Pelosi at SF DREAM Act eventThe Democratic leader was barely able to speak over the chorus of chants. Dozens of protesters marched into her event in San Francisco, her hometown, showing their displeasure over her recent meetings with President Donald Trump over the program that protects young immigrants from deportation. (more...)
Apple iPhone 8 Won't Outlast iPhone 7
I loved the design of the iPhone 5 and don't want to pay over $500 for a phone - the iPhone SE, as it turns out, is ideal for me at just $350. "When you look at the installations that we have today in Starbucks, and other locations, we have three parts", Sherman explained. (more...)
Eight People Died in a Storm in the Western Part of Romania
Some of the casualties were people strolling outside or coming out of supermarkets, the emergency services said. Gusts of winds reached almost 100 kilometers (62 miles) per hour in the city of Timisoara. 'The entire medical sector is focused on the injured'. More than 60 people have been injured and admitted to hospitals, BNR reported. The national weather agency has issued warnings of strong winds and rainstorms for western counties. (more...)
Nikki Haley slams North Korea's "reckless" behavior
Two days after the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a US-draft resolution slapping new sanctions on North Korea , the pariah nation for the second time in less than three weeks fired a second missile over northern Japan . (more...)
McLaren Special Operations to build F1 XP GT 'longtail' inspired McLaren 570GT
McLaren Special Operations has produced a special-edition version of the 570GT to celebrate 20 years since the original F1 XP GT "Longtail" was built. It's still a great vehicle to drive, however, with its twin-turbo 3.8-litre V8 producing 562bhp. It stands for McLaren Special Operations, and it's the department that deals with bespoke orders, from the straightforward to the pernickety. (more...)
Granular Storage Management Comes to WhatsApp Beta for Android
According to WABetaInfo report, the messaging app is finally testing the feature and it will be called as "Delete for Everyone". As soon as the beta version is thoroughly tested; Whatsapp will start a global rollout of this feature in its final consumer update. (more...)
Lenovo Tab 4 series launched as Flipkart exclusive: Price, specs, features
The first model called the Lenovo Tab 4 is an entry-level tablet equipped with an 8-inch HD display and a 64-bit quad-core Snapdragon 425 processor clocked at 1.4GHz aided by 2GB of RAM and 16GB of storage. "The Tab 4 is created to be a one-stop solution for multiple-user functionality which is relevant for an Indian family". For those who want to buy a Tab 4 device from United States, they will only get one which has a max of 2 GB Ram and 16 GB internal storage. (more...)
After Hurricane Irma, Maria headed towards Caribbean Islands
Maria was about 445km miles east-southeast of the Leeward island of Dominica , with maximum sustained winds of 100km/h at 4pm (8pm GMT), the US National Hurricane Centre said. " Rainfall on all of these islands could cause life-threatening flash floods and mudslides", it said. Hurricane Jose is still far out in the Atlantic, but tropical storm watches are up along the Long Island shore for rough surf , powerful winds and coastal flooding. (more...)
Featured Stock to See: Microsoft Corporation (MSFT)
We have $2.43 PT which if reached, will make NASDAQ:TUES worth $3.39M less. KeyCorp restated their buy rating on shares of Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT ) in a report published on Sunday, September 10th. Investors sentiment decreased to 0.82 in Q4 2016. Its down 0.54, from 1.24 in 2016Q3. It improved, as 49 investors sold MSFT shares while 897 reduced holdings. (more...)
Samsung allows users to disable the Bixby button natively via a toggle
While both smartphones are close equals in this department, Samsung's Super AMOLED technology gives it an edge over LG V30. No matter whether users liked it or not, After a series attempt by Samsung to restrict the user from remapping the Bixby button . (more...)
IPhone X Has a New Way to Force Close Apps
The new iPhone 8 and 8 Plus , which will reach the first wave of customers September 22, and the iPhone X , slated for a November 3 debut, will have iOS 11 pre-installed. These penultimate builds mean Apple's yearly platform updates are almost done. "Super streamlined workflow coming your way!" iOS 11 was revealed at the annual developers conference of the company , WWDC 2017, in June 2017. (more...)
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Google Shares More Stadia Details On Controller, Multiplayer, VR Support
Borderlands 3 is the latest title to adopt Apex Legends’ ping system
Call of Duty: Black Ops 4's Operation Apocalypse Z is available now
Nintendo Announces US$199 Nintendo Switch Lite For The Budget Gamer
Qualcomm announces Snapdragon 215 quad-core chipset with Dual 4G VoLTE support
Amazon is Also Developing a Lord of the Rings MMO
The Raspberry Pi 4 Has a Flawed USB-C Port
Leaked Video of Samsung Galaxy M60 Reveals 48+16MP dual camera
Android Q Beta 5 brings new pull-down gesture & Google Assistant animation
IBM Patents Smartwatch That Opens Up Like A Tablet
Nintendo Switch Lite revealed, will release September 20
Xbox One July Update Out Now, Here's What It Does
Google Play Store vs. Apple App Store - Does More Means Better?
OnePlus 7 Pro gets update, here are all new changes and improvements
Samsung's new Galaxy tablet supports LTE for less than RM600
Apple updates MacBook Air & Pro, kills 12-inch MacBook & "MacBook Escape"
Samsung Backs Its Phone Claims
Sony is working on a rollable smartphone
OnePlus 7 Mirror Blue variant launched in India: Price, sale date, specifications
Fallout 76 Patch 11 Will Make the Wasteland a Little More Forgiving


How Can I Find a Reliable Dealer near Me?
When the time comes to purchase a new car, that's the first question you'll likely be asking yourself. Selection, pricing, and customer service can make or break the car buying process, after all.
However, if you live in Rapid City, Belle Fourche, or Sioux Falls, you're in luck. You've got an excellent, trusted dealership close by at Liberty Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT. And to give you a taste of what we can do for your town, we've put together this handy library.
Depending on which city you're coming from, there's no doubt that you're going to have some very specific driving needs. And at Liberty Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT, we're more than happy to cater the automotive experience to your lifestyle.
We're a family-owned dealership based in Rapid City, so we've spent a great deal of time exploring this and all surrounding areas. We can tell you exactly where all the best attractions are, as well as the best places to grab a bite to eat.
However, cars are our true expertise, and we can also direct you to the vehicle that best fits your lifestyle. Check out some of the articles on this page to see what other services and deals we have to offer.
It's indisputable just how gorgeous South Dakota is. With all the mountain ranges, canyons, and parks, you'll have an incredible view just about anywhere you go. By the same token, you'll have some rocky roads to contend with, too.
Of course, that sort of terrain is no trouble for Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Ram, and FIAT cars. They've got the drivetrains, structure, and tech to handle almost anything.
In our massive inventory, you'll find the best stock of new, used, certified pre-owned, and commercial vehicles around. No matter what your tastes may be, we can match them. Take a look online today!
At our car dealership near Rapid City, Belle Fourche, and Sioux Falls, it's not hard to find the car of your dreams. And it's not hard to find a great price, either. You should see what we mean by reading these articles. Afterwards, come pay us a visit at Liberty Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT!


Ray has a thing about vegetables. He HATES them. I have tried and tried to get a photo of Ray when presented with a vegetable but I just can't capture the look of sheer disgust on his face. I hand him a bean, (he's too polite to refuse it), he curls his lips back so that they don't touch the offensive vegetal matter, and takes it gingerly in his teeth. With the bean extending from his teeth like a stubby cigarette, Ray tiptoes from the kitchen (like I won't notice) and drops the icky thing in the front hall. It is truly the funniest thing.
Having said that, I thought I was safe yesterday, when I removed some tiny bags of tiny carrots (the kind you put in a lunchbox) and a bag of spinach from the refrigerator and put them on the counter in preparation for making soup. I went upstairs briefly, heard some odd noise coming from downstairs and called, "Ray! Ray!" When there was no response, I descended the stair. There was Ray in the front hall (he owns this area), tearing into one of the tiny bags of tiny carrots. There were carrots scattered everywhere. He must have swung his head after ripping open the bag, making a lovely, orange, eight-foot crescent moon on the rug.
I removed the bag from his teeth, collected the carrots, then offered him one (Yeah, I know I shouldn't have but I just had to see if this was vegetable that he actually liked). Ray curled his lips back, took the carrot gingerly in his teeth, and dropped in on the rug in the front hall. Definitely NOT a vegetarian.
Hello from the North Pole!


Home›Viewpoint›Remembering War Special Series : Part One – Remembering the rotten fruits of World War One
Remembering War Special Series : Part One – Remembering the rotten fruits of World War One
By Abdul Wahid
The present day misery of Gaza, Syria and Iraq began in that war.
As people in Britain and Europe remember mark the anniversary of the armistice, there is little in the way of critical reflection about the horrors of a war that saw tens of millions killed and injured. One would question – looking at Iraq, Syria and Gaza – whether the world has learnt any lessons at all.
So it is worth reflecting on the legacies of this war that still resonates today.
In particular that World War One shaped the chaos, oppression and conflict of the modern Middle East; and laid the seeds for the Zionist occupation of Palestine.
Sowing the seeds of misery – Sykes-Picot, Client-Regimes and the Abolition of the Caliphate
The modern Middle East is rife with wars, oppression and injustice. It is a series of nation states artificially constructed in the aftermath of World War One. They are ruled by client regimes, initially installed at that time, that serve themselves as well as a narrow elite and foreign interests – instead of serving the people of the region. These rulers are widely hated by the people they preside over. They use their armed forces for two main purposes. Firstly, to suppress their own populations – particularly when they see a flicker of political criticism or Islamic sentiments; and secondly to serve any Western military interests that are asked of them.
The most enduring of these client-regimes are the Kingdoms of Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Saudi Arabia was conceived in Britain’s foreign office around a century ago and has since then squandered huge amounts of material wealth. Its ruling family has enjoyed close ties with Britain and the United States ever since. Jordan is a similar family business, installed by the British after World War One. Britain installed members of the same family, widely seen as traitors to Islam and Muslims, to rule Egypt, Iraq and briefly Syria – only to see their dynasty toppled in these places by coups and counter-coups variously sponsored by the Britain, France and the US.
It is worth reflecting that people living under the Ottoman state – even in its era of decline – enjoyed more stable and less oppressive lives than people living in the Middle East over the past century. For several centuries prior to that, under the Caliphate, the region was the home of a great civilization that presented a unique society in which communities of different racial and religious backgrounds lived peacefully and in harmony.
In his 2009 essay, ‘Islam and its Discontents’, Brenden Clifford of the Bevin Society wrote:
Islam, one of the major cultures of the world, has been without a state to uphold its position in the world-order for close on 90 years. The Islamic state was destroyed by Britain in the course of the war, which it declared on Germany in 1914. It has been argued that the destruction of the Islamic state was one of the purposes for which Britain declared war on Germany. And the destruction of the Islamic state appears to me to be the ultimate cause of the condition of the world which the USA and Britain call the War on Terror.
He reminds the reader that:
‘A little over a century ago the German Kaiser paid a state visit to the Ottoman Empire, met the Sultan, and declared that a strong Muslim state was a necessary part of any stable order in the world’.
German policy as set out by Count Von Moltke (later a Field Marshal of the German state) in his Essays, Speeches, And Memoirs, 1893 (Vol 1, p272) argued that it was possible to regenerate the Ottoman Empire as such from Islamic roots.
The British feared the impact of this in relation to its colonies – in particular in India – so pursued a policy of expansion of their Empire from India to Egypt. Indeed, once the Ottomans did enter the war, declaring it to be a Jihad, Kitchener had real fears this call would spread to India, Egypt and Sudan.
But at the outset of the war, the Ottoman policy was neutrality. It was in no financial or political position to engage in a war. However, Britain refused to accept this position and refused to accept any overtures of alliance with it – and set about provocation of the Ottoman state, particularly through allying with a hostile Russia.
By 5th November 1914, Britain declared war, in conjunction with Russia, by alleging an Ottoman attack on Russia in the Black Sea. Clifford writes scathingly that it was ‘an allegation made so obscurely and furtively that there is reason to suspect that it was comparable to Hitler’s allegation of a Polish attack on Germany in September 1939’!
Failing to see the expected rapid collapse of the Ottoman defences, Britain found allies in the form of Sharif Hussein – the ancestor of the Jordanian dynasty and Ibn Saud – the founder of modern day Saudi Arabia.
In 1916, under the Sykes Picot accord, the British and French governments agreed to a division of the spoils of the Middle East between the two states, drawing ‘a line in the sand’ between Acre and Kirkuk – the British to take what was south of the line, and the French what was north of it.
After much wheeling, dealing and double crossing between the two, the regions of Syria and Lebanon fell to France, whilst Transjordan, Iraq and the Hejaz went to Britain. The original agreements were meant to share Palestine. Britain managed to secure a mandate over the region, but was later forced by America and France to share the newly discovered oil revenues from Mosul shortly after the war.
The events of the war and the subsequent ‘peace conferences’ afterwards not only carved up the Ottoman state, it precipitated a collapse internally, ending with the abolition of the Caliphate in 1924.
The following 90 years have seen wars between these artificially constructed states; repressive regimes tyrannising their people; the material wealth of the region haemorrhaging away from the people who had a right over it; and various periods of occupation.
Dr. Abdul Wahid is a regular contributor to New Civilisation. He is currently the Chairman of the UK-Executive Committee of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Britain. He has been published in The Times Higher Educational Supplement and on the websites of Foreign Affairs, Open Democracy and Prospect magazine. He can be followed on Twitter @abdulwahidht or emailed at abdulwahid@newcivilisation.com or abdul.wahid@hizb.org.uk
Barr, J – A Line in the Sand – 2011
Schneer, J – The Balfour Declaration – 2010
Clifford, B – Islam and its Discontents – 2009
Al-Rashid, M – A History of Saudi Arabia – 2010
Nutting, Anthony – Balfour and Palestine – A legacy of deceit – 1975
Weizmann, Chaim – The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann – Vol II
Rotberg, Robert – Israeli and Palestinian Narratives of Conflict: History’s Double Helix
TagsAbdul WahidBalfour Declaration
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91 Years since the Destruction of the Khilafah
Dr Abdul Wahid – How free is free speech ? – London School Of Economics (LSE)
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LGBT refutation – What can we do?
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Previous regimes have utterly mismanaged the country’s economy and brought the country to near-standstill.


Sometimes we all need to keep to a budget, it’s a fact of life. So when it comes to replacing a broken boiler, how can you find that magic balance between quality and value for money? We’ve compared two of the cheapest Combi boilers on the market to give you a helping hand.
Both brands hold a respectable position in the UK domestic boiler industry. Vokèra have been producing heating solutions for 30 years while Glow-worm have been on the scene for over 80 years. In addition, both are backed by global parent companies the Riello Group (Vokèra) and Vaillant (Glow-worm) so have a solid financial foundation and established customer support procedures.
From our research, it seems that these brands fall down when it comes to overall reliability and the quality of their components when compared the high end models like Worcester Bosch or Vaillant. They are not, however, as heavily criticised as some other brands and seem to be generally considered as ‘average’. Where they come together is their offering of ‘cost conscious’ or ‘value for money’ boilers. So, if you’re on a budget and looking for a no frills boiler to get the job done, they could be the right move for you.
Let’s take a closer look at the most popular budget boiler from each brand to find out.
Both these boilers are recommended for 1-2 bedroom homes with 1 bathroom and up to 10 radiators. As with all Combi boilers, they do not require a storage cylinder or tank as they heat water on demand. For that reason they are not suitable for homes with multiple bathrooms and a high demand for hot water.
and serviced annually by a Gas Safe registered engineer.
These Vokèra and Glow-worm boilers are at the lower end of the price scale and both tend to fall somewhere between £550 – £650 (on average), so there is very little daylight between them. This Vokèra boiler is usually a little cheaper at around £550 while the Glow-worm averages around £650. The installation costs of each boiler will vary depending on the installer you choose so be sure to get quotes from at least 2 different companies.
Remember, there may be other costs to consider such as accessories like TRVs or new controls so you will need a professional to carry out a survey of your home to be sure of exactly what’s needed.
If you already have a Vokèra boiler in place, it’s worth knowing that all Vokèra’s boilers include standard pipework fittings. This means that replacing an older Vokèra with a new Vokèra could simplify and lower the cost of installation.
Both companies have a team of Gas Safe registered service engineers on hand to support you if anything goes wrong. It’s worth noting that Glow-worm offer a considerably longer standard warranty of 7 years, compared to Vokèra’s 2 year warranty, meaning that you get much more peace of mind.
As with most Combi boilers, both these brands claim that their boiler offers compact, cupboard fit. The Vokèra boiler, however, is slightly smaller in terms of dimensions and weighs just 27 kg which is 6 kg less than the Glow-worm boiler. Of course, the lift weight won’t matter to you as a homeowner but an easier installation for the engineer can mean reduced labour costs.
In addition to the standard thermostats and wireless controls that both brands offer, each of these boilers is compatible with smart controls that enable you to control your heating from anywhere via a smartphone or tablet app. Vokèra is compatible with BeSmart which can manage up to 8 different heating zones from anywhere in the world, includes weather compensation and pre-programmable comfort levels. It also features automatic alerts for both the customer and Vokèra Service Centre if something goes wrong with the boiler.
Glow-worm have their own app based control system called MiGo which delivers all the same functions as BeSmart. It’s also a self-learning system that adapts to the energy requirements of your home and monitors and adjusts energy consumption.
There’s no arguing with numbers and, if saving money is top of your priorities then the smaller, lightweight Vokèra is the cheaper option. However, when it comes to boilers you really do get what you pay for. For a little more money the Glow-worm offers 3 years longer in warranty and comes with higher recommendations and reviews from both homeowners and engineers.
So the winner of the Battle of the Budget Boilers is clear to see: the Glow-worm Energy Combi.
Whether you’re looking to install one of these boilers or any other, you can get up to 3 free quotes from trusted boiler engineers in your area with no-obligation and no hassle.


Welcome to Waco High School! The Pride of Waco!
There will be a parent meeting for all football players and their parents to meet the new head coach of Waco High School. Please make plans to attend the meeting in the Waco High School performing arts foyer at 6:00pm on Friday August 3rd.


Generate is back at the New World Stages for a two-track, one-day conference. But this year we’ve added a day of workshops beforehand, at the TKP Conference Center. It’s guaranteed to be packed with insight, inspiration and practical take-aways.
1. Generate features some of the leading figures in web design and development.
2. Speakers include Sara Soueidan, Jennifer Brook, plus 12 other amazing speakers.
3. Connect with your fellow attendees over a beer at the exclusive after party.
4. Gain extra insight by joining a lunchtime workshop.


Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX v7.0.2 Shareware Download - Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX is a dll control to fast detect and delete temporary and privacy internet files (cache, history and cookies).
Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX is a dll control to fast detect and delete temporary and privacy internet files (cache, history and cookies). Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX supports most of known browsers, such as Google Chrome, Yandex Browser, Inernet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Comodo Dragon Internet Browser, K-Meleon, Rockmelt, Flock, Google Chrome Canary, Chromium, SeaMonkey, Chrome Plus, SRWare Iron, Pale Moon, Phoenix, Netscape Navigator, Avant, Maxthon and some others.
Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX is a simple way to integrate in your software or to create own application with the function for cleaning cache, history and cookies most of known browsers.
The installation program of the Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX contains a free trial mode of the activex component, and C# sample.
Pirated Software Hurts Software Developers. Using Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX Free Download crack, warez, password, serial numbers, torrent, keygen, registration codes, key generators is illegal. We do not host any torrent files or links of Internet Browser Cleaner ActiveX from depositfiles.com, rapidshare.com, any file sharing sites.


Camu Camu – Camu camu is a low-growing shrub found throughout the Amazon rain forests of Peru and Brazil. It produces a lemon sized, light orange to purplish red fruit with yellow pulp. This fruit is packed with more natural vitamin C than any other food source recorded on the planet, in addition to beta-carotene, potassium, calcium, iron, niacin, phosphorus, protein, serine, thiamine, leucine, and valine. These powerful phytochemicals and amino acids have a surprising range of therapeutic effects. Camu camu has astringent, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, emollient and nutritional properties.
Benefits of Camu Camu: Vitamin C – more than any other food (1/2 teaspoon of powder provides more than 400% the Daily Value!) Strengthens immune system. High in anti-oxidants Balances Mood – effective and safe antidepressant. Supports optimal function of nervous system including eye and brain functions. Provides arthritic protection by helping reduce inflammation.
Anti-viral. Anti- hepatitic – protects against liver disorders, including liver disease and liver cancer.


The taking of heads on a battlefield could have concrete purposes such as providing proof of a warrior’s courage, and prowess on the field, not to mention the psychological aspect it might have on the enemy. In Irish legend it is said that the severed heads of enemies are “Macha’s acorns.” Macha being one of the aspects of three aspects of the Irish war goddess, the Morrigan.
As for the religious aspects, scholars have speculated that the Celts may have seen the head as the home of the soul, therefore the severed head, might have been seen as retaining some life or power of its own, or some power over their enemies.
Whatever the true meaning of the “head cult” of the Celtic peoples some of its influence seems to have come down to us in legend and myth as well. A Welsh legend tells the story of Bran the Blessed, who as he lay dying on the battlefield, he orders his men to take his head and carry it with them, and they live happily as Bran’s guests in the otherworld for seven years. There is also the head cutting “game” in the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.


So here is a little bit of background…Over the past 20 years Heather has built up an extensive range of images. Some of these are based on specific places, with others being created from her imagination.
Each image has been drawn or painted by hand, with Heather taking a great deal of time and effort to produce each special piece. The original has usually been sold at an exhibition, but the prints are a great way to have a lovely image on your wall at an affordable price!


The new 2017 Hyundai Santa Fe Sport base model has just rolled into the showroom here at Underriner Hyundai, and it’s already attracted plenty of attention for Billings and Lockwood drivers. Generously equipped, especially for an entry-level trim, the base model provides a confident, refined powertrain and a wide range of comfort, convenience, and safety features. Let’s explore the base trim a little further.
The 2017 Hyundai Santa Fe Sport lives up to its name by offering lively performance as standard, and the base model even offers slightly improved efficiency over other trims.
Power: A 2.4L inline four-cylinder engine puts up to 185 horsepower and 178 lb-ft of torque at your disposal, making this one of the most powerful entry-level crossovers on the market.
Efficiency: A 6-speed automatic transmission system with SHIFTRONIC technology comes as standard, allowing for up to 21 mpg in the city and 27 on the highway.
Remote Keyless Entry System: Unlock and enter your vehicle without even having to fumble the keys from your pocket or bag.
Steering-Wheel-Mounted Controls: Take command of anything from audio to cruise settings to Bluetooth hands-free calling without taking your hands from the wheel.
YES Essentials Stain-Resistant Cloth: Actively resists staining and watermarks, making the base model perfect for Billings and Lockwood families.
You’ll also be able to use a standard rearview camera to see a comprehensive view of the area behind your vehicle whenever you enter reverse, making maneuvers that much easier and safer.
We’re sure that this quick overview of the 2017 Hyundai Santa Fe Sport has whetted your appetite for further details, so contact the team here at Underriner Hyundai to find out more. We can’t wait to put our Billings and Lockwood customers behind the wheel of this fully-equipped entry-model crossover, so make sure to come see us soon!


Chicken fat

Research provides insights into genetic basis of obesity

10:19 a.m., Oct. 28, 2015--Just as poultry is steadily gaining in popularity on dinner plates, the chicken is growing in attractiveness as a biomedical model for studying health issues ranging from headaches and ovarian cancer to cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy.

It turns out that the chicken may also help researchers better understand diabetes and obesity.

The American Chemical Society is highlighting the legacy of the late Nobel laureate Richard Heck, the Willis F. Harrington Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University of Delaware with a digital tribute on its publications website.

A team including the University of Delaware’s Larry Cogburn and Cathy Wu recently published a paper in PLOS One demonstrating that adipose tissue may be more than just a place for the body to store fat  it may actually be an important organ that contributes to novel endocrine signaling, which involves the blood clotting mechanism, and the synthesis or export of fatty acids.

The paper was published in collaboration with Jean Simon and his colleagues at INRA, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research.

Cogburn, professor of animal and food sciences at UD, explains that 30 years ago, INRA geneticist Bernard Leclercq created two experimental lines of meat-type chickens as genetic models to identify the mechanisms controlling abdominal fatness, a complex trait that is likely governed by interactions among multiple genes controlling different endocrine and metabolic pathways.

The two genotypes, known as the FL (fat line) and LL (lean line), have provided a rich foundation for research over the past three decades  a foundation that has been made even more robust in recent years by the development of powerful genomic tools and bioinformatics capabilities at UD.

“The field of bioinformatics has provided us with new tools for accessing previously inaccessible clues to biological mysteries,” says Cathy Wu, the Unidel Edward G. Jefferson Chair of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at UD and director of the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.

In fact, the first author of the PLOS One paper, Chris Resnyk  a graduate student in Cogburn’s lab  received a certificate in bioinformatics from the Center’s graduate program in bioinformatics and computational biology.

The research team examined differential gene expression in the abdominal fat of juvenile FL and LL chickens using next-generation RNA sequencing, which provides a genome-wide snapshot of the presence and quantity of RNA at a given point in time. The differentially expressed adipose genes were then used for extensive mapping to metabolic pathways and gene interaction networks.

The researchers were very surprised at what they found.

“The accepted belief has been that in both birds and humans, fat is primarily made in the liver and transported to adipose tissue for storage,” Cogburn says. “But we found that a large quantity of lipids was actually being synthesized in the abdominal fat of FL chickens. This suggests that in situ lipogenesis in chickens could contribute more substantially to the expansion of visceral fat mass than was previously thought.”

In other words, it is easier for the genetically fat chickens to become even fatter.

The researchers also found differential expression of numerous genes involved in hemostasis, or blood clotting, in the fat and lean chickens, with the majority of hemostasis genes up-regulated in visceral fat 0f the LL. The results suggest that these coagulation factors could play a novel role in limiting the expansion of fat mass in the lean chickens.

The detailed findings shared in the 41-page research article indicate that the genetic deck is stacked against the fat chickens, while the lean chickens are blessed with genes that favor reduced synthesis and enhanced breakdown of lipids, accompanied by greater accumulation of protein in breast muscle.

Cogburn urges caution in making too many assumptions about human obesity based on chicken genetics, since chickens have evolved different mechanisms that control food intake, lipogenesis and adiposity.

“Chickens lack five of the adipokines  cell-signaling proteins secreted by fat tissue  that are known to play a role in appetite, energy metabolism and adipogenesis in humans,” he says.

“However, this work has provided us with a unique avian model of juvenile-onset obesity and glucose-insulin imbalance that could provide new insights into these issues in humans and lead to better ways to prevent and treat one of the 21st century’s most significant public health problems  the world-wide obesity epidemic.”


They say you learn something new everyday. On your unending quest on upgrading your gray matter, ’cause one day it may matter, here is a guide – The Gourmet Guide to Self-Education. After reading this list, I was inspired to highlight each point, print it out and post in on my wall in my room. That was over a decade ago. This list might’ve even changed my attitude on education. Back then, college wasn’t even on my radar. This list proves that words do carry weight and can empower minds. The design wasn’t put into effect until last year as a Christmas gift to my Facebook friends. That gift was inspiration.
Below is the list in order as it appears in own of the most inspirational books I’ve read as a youth – No More Prisons.
You’re allowed to have fun.
Feed and water your mentors.
Long and short-term goal setting.
You don’t have to quit school to self-school.


In April 2011 Jordi Colomer presents new work at the Centre for Fine Arts, BOZAR: L'Avenir ("The Future"), a large-scale project based on Charles Fourier's 19th-century Phalanstère. Fourier did not draw detailed plans for this utopian building, which was never built; in his writings, however, he planned and described it in great detail. It was intended to offer its chosen inhabitants a life and an environment painstakingly constructed on the basis of the harmony of time and space...


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Dan Gregory is author of the book Selfish, Scared and Stupid. What if fighting the fact that we are Selfish Scared and Stupid is actually waging a war against ourselves? You see selfish, scared and stupid has helped shape our evolution and allowed us to rise to the top of the food chain.


GANTNER focuses on winch fabrication for various purposes in the offshore, mining and construction industries.
The company has 65 years of experience in winch construction and developing complete systems, starting from design to installation, according to the client’s requirements.
GANTNER develops and manufactures a large number of specialised winches for mining, crane constructions, vessels, and drive systems. The company also provides a broad range of winch construction services.
Using extensive in-house knowledge and combined competences in design, development, and manufacturing, the company produces high-technology machinery and in-house developed control systems. Every step of a special winch development is accompanied by an integrated project management.
GANTNER fulfils all customer requirements for custom winch systems.
GANTNER winding equipment includes electro-hydraulic, diesel-hydraulic and electro-mechanical winches, or winches hydraulically driven in an open and closed loop. Remote controls, mooring systems and telephone maintenance services are also available.
The company uses high-quality components in its winches, such as state-of-the-art power drives, plug-in gears, and disc brake and grooved drum systems.
GANTNER winch systems are built to a high quality, safety and reliability standards.
The company incorporates durable components throughout production and performs extensive quality tests at its testing centre.
Each winch is constructed for a specific application, to achieve optimal performance.
GANTNER is certified with the ISO 9001: 2015 (quality), ISO 14001: 2015 (environment), and Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSAS) 18001: 2007 standards.
As a full-service winch manufacturer, GANTNER offers specialised winches with designs based on proven components and modules.
The company delivers a comprehensive service, which is accompanied by a client consultancy process, provided throughout the complete project.
GANTNER also designs, manufactures and assembles the complete winch system in-house. The production process also includes software programming and the control-systems, with all safety features included.
GANTNER and the LCS Group are pleased to announce they have received three very important certificates during the last year.
GANTNER Seilbahnbau is an Austrian engineering and production company specialized in winch technologies.


On Wednesday, January 30 2013 the Georgetown Center for Business and Public Policy hosted a discussion Regulation and the IP Transition: Laying a Predicate for Growth at the National Press Club in Washington DC. Speakers included Blair Levin, and AT&T Policy SVP James Viccone. Video is below. No captions/transcript.
Description: Broadband technologies power the country’s digital infrastructure and have become essential platforms for 21st century communications and commerce. One of the most important economic and policy issues facing the new administration is whether U.S. regulation of broadband platforms will help or hinder the kind of innovation, investment, competition and economic growth the country needs for economic prosperity. This event will explore whether moving from a network of switches to an all IP environment is necessary, and how regulators might create the right incentives for private investment.
Brad Burnham of Union Square Ventures – A Narrative on the Threat to Internet Freedom – in the Computers & Society Speaker Series at the Courant Institute NYC on Nov 29 2012.
The Internet is fundamentally transforming the entire global economy by making it possible for anyone, anywhere to create services quickly and inexpensively and reach a global market immediately. The Internet has opened up markets and unleashed innovation at a scale never seen before. But now that freedom to innovate is being threatened.
A year ago, internet users fought back spectacularly to fend off PIPA and SOPA– two pieces of overreaching copyright legislation—and sent a clear message to policy makers that a frontal assault on Internet freedoms would not work. But no user can track all of the regulatory efforts to limit Internet freedom being put forward in international treaties, state capitals or municipal ordinances. Brad provides a model for evaluating the many efforts to “civilize” the Internet from the perspective of who is really helped and who is harmed by each new regulation.


A preferred but dry mode of travel, train journey kills the fun of stopping by at intervals and viewing the attractions that the route from Patiala to JimCorbett has to offer. Prior bookings and ticket confirmation worries can make travelling a burden. So book Patiala to JimCorbett cab from Wiwigo.com the day you want to take your journey and forget about confirmations and restrictions!
Although another way to travel Patiala to JimCorbett and JimCorbett to Patiala, you need to wait for ticket bookings and confirmations and traverse extreme weather on bad roads, made worse by a bus journey. When you could instead take a handpicked cab form Wiwigo.com at a much cheaper price than even a volvo.
Skip the hassles of a public transport journey by choosing a Patiala to JimCorbett taxi from Wiwigo. Make your journey a life event with your loved ones and your privacy safeguarded. Take a handpicked, secure and GPS enabled taxi with registered drivers to give your loved ones that special journey they deserve. What are you waiting for? Book Patiala to JimCorbett taxi NOW! Because, we make travelling an experience to cherish.


Success - the term is loaded with meaning. Despite what the world of business and self-help may tell you, there is no single correct definition, as success is a subjective.
She earns more money than me. I’m married, and he’s not. I’m in better shape than her.
Social comparison – we all engage in it. It helps us define our status by referencing others in our peer groups.
If you’re feeling down about yourself, social comparison can provide you with a healthy boost of self-esteem. Why else would we be so fascinated with how celebrities look without the enhancement of makeup and Photoshop? It removes the illusion that they are a superior class.
Humans do not like feeling as though they are average. Social comparison therefore acts as a means of validation or motivation.
After all, should one see peers excelling, it may motivate to seek greater personal and professional satisfaction. Where social comparison becomes problematic is when it feeds into a culture of cutthroat competition in which individuals will do whatever it takes to get ahead of others and when it creates unrealistic expectations of what you should achieve, particularly in reference to various junctures in your life.
A friend of mine posted on Facebook that he feels like a failure. He stated that nothing has seemed to go right for him lately despite his best efforts, and he feels little motivation to continue pursuing his passions.
Following his post there was a litany of comments offering support and encouragement, and while I was tempted to do the same, I thought: Had he ever asked himself by whose standards he had failed?
While the emotion fuelling his aforementioned sentiment is valid, his cognitive rationale is actually flawed for two important reasons.
First, a series of failures at a single point in your life or surrounding a single aspect of your life does not define you as a failure overall.
Marilyn Monroe was rejected by several modelling agencies and movie production houses for not having a memorable look before she got her big break. We all fail – it’s how we handle them that defines if we are failures.
If you allow yourself to wallow in misery and never gain back the confidence to try again, you fail yourself as new opportunities will always be available.
Second, if he had put forth his best effort but things didn’t work out, he is not to blame nor is he a failure. Sometimes the answer from the universe is simply a “no” to which we cannot hold ourselves personally accountable.
In my own life, there have been instances at which I’ve sincerely given it my all but have inevitably been confronted by the proverbial glass ceiling. While failure in any situation is upsetting, if I know I’ve tried my best, that’s truly all I can do. No one is ever fully in control or has influence on the outcome.
If, on the other hand, after much reflection, one acknowledges there is room for improvement and could have tried harder, this acknowledgment alone removes the failure connotation. It instead turns the situation into one for personal growth and development, which, as we know in the world of psychological maturity, is always an indication of success.
Success – the term is loaded with meaning. Despite what the world of business and selfhelp may tell you, there is no single correct definition, as success is a subjective.
Success for one person could be accumulating a great deal of wealth, while for someone living in an impoverished country, it could merely be surviving one more day without access to food and clean drinking water.
It is no one’s right to tell you what you should achieve in your life by various age-related milestones according to some arbitrary definition of what constitutes a successful life.
If you’re not married by the time you’re 30, but you’re happily single – fantastic. If you are perfectly content working in retail management for the rest of your days, that’s great. If you are a career-oriented woman who has never desired motherhood, there is absolutely nothing wrong with that.
All of these choices reflect what values you hold as paramount. All of these choices represent your personal views of success.
While Western society has long tried to prescribe what its citizens should be accomplishing by certain times in their lives, these prescriptions are unfair, unrealistic and outdated.
They have not been altered to match our current socioeconomic climate. They have not been altered to incorporate changed social norms with regard to women in the workplace or variations on the traditional family unit.
But most importantly, these prescriptions are based on a fatal flaw: they assume we all have the same starting place in life and the same access to resources.
So try something different the next time you engage in social comparison. Look not for evidence that you should be jealous of others and look not for evidence that you are failing in some capacity. Instead, reflect on the successes of others with kindness and positivity and ask yourself whether their successes represent successes you too would value in your own life.


Review: HTC Vive Pro. HTC's Pro-grade headset is the most immersive VR system out there, and you probably shouldn't buy it.
The upcoming HTC 10, which is expected to make its official debut next month, “will support” HTC's Vive virtual reality headset, according to a new report.
Everyone wants VR this year.
Virtual reality came in like a lion, but that doesn't mean it's going out like a lamb, with the title of best VR headset still very much in contention.
Which VR Headset Should You Buy for Your Kid If You Don't Want to Spend $600 on an HTC Vive?
Later in 2018, HTC will release upgraded controllers and Lighthouse sensors that will make it possible to use the Vive Pro in even larger play spaces.


Horseback riding in the Winter Park Colorado area is an experience of a lifetime. Never rode before the Winter Park area wranglers will teach you and make sure you have a fun experience. There are nice and easy trail rides in and around Winter Park that will go through fields of wildflowers, crossing streams and simply enjoying the scenery. For the more experienced there is open range riding in Winter Park area where you can get your horses galloping. Want to be a real cowboy or cowgirl go on a cattle drive in Winter Park area, these are great for groups & reunions and a wonderful corporate teambuilding event. This unique experience of being part of a Colorado cattle drive will be a memorable experience for all. Horseback riding in Winter Park Colorado area is a fun family and corporate adventure. Bringing your family with little ones to Colorado let the kids take a pony ride, the Rocky Mountains await them. Another fun vacation activity for the family a group or corporate outing is Winter Park area saddle / paddle. Go whitewater rafting and then continue on horseback, or go horseback riding first then experience rafting on one of Colorado's rivers. That's having a fun filled day in Colorado, saddle up!


We're so happy to be able to share the video for 'Everything Is Never Enough' and can't wait to take 'Silver Eye' on the road again! Make sure you've got your tickets. All dates HERE.


New Contest Hankey's Toys.. WIN A TOY!
The contest ends on February 28th. We'll announce who the winner is in this thread.


Finance & Development, December 1982
This paper highlights that on September 29, 1982, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) began to offer discount notes under a short-term borrowing program approved by its Board last July. The Bank anticipates that in fiscal year 1983, it will have outstanding up to US$1.5 billion in short-term discount notes and that it will borrow about US$8 billion in the fixed-rate medium to long-term markets. The initial offering of notes is being made in the U.S. domestic markets.
Fund and Bank activity
Recent staff studies
A conversation with Mr. Clausen: Charting the World Bank’s course for the 1980s
Transfer of knowledge: The Fund’s technical assistance
The World Bank’s technical assistance
International Development Association in retrospect: IDA’s performance as a channel for concessional development aid
Adjustment with financial assistance from the Fund: The experience of seven countries
Developments in international capital markets
Nonconcessional capital flows to developing countries: A review of the recommendations of a Development Committee Task Force on increasing such flows
Floating interest rates and developing country debt
Eastern Europe and the international banks: Commercial bank lending and the magnitude of debt and debt service
Alternatives to central banks in small developing economies: Do all countries need full-fledged central banks?
International cooperation key to the adjustment process: A report on the Fund Annual Meeting
Rekindling the spirit of Bretton Woods: A report on the Bank Annual Meeting
Book notices
Index 1982 Volume 19
Recent examples of adjustment
Some aspects of adjustment
John Odling-Smee
Broadly speaking, unless a balance of payments problem is temporary—in which case financing would be suitable—adjustment is necessary. Adjustment refers to those changes in expenditure, saving, and production that are needed to produce a sustainable balance of payments situation, namely, one where any deficit on current account can be financed by normal capital inflows.
Most balance of payments problems in non-oil developing countries are not temporary and cannot be tackled by financing alone. Where adjustment is required, a certain amount of financing may also be desirable to avoid abrupt changes in the economy. In most cases the financial assistance that the Fund makes available to a member is associated with an economic adjustment program. Indeed, the Fund is obliged by its Articles of Agreement, and by the fact that the resources at its disposal are limited and must revolve, to satisfy itself that the economic program it supports will, in the medium term, bring about adjustment and a viable balance of payments. The adjustment policies that typically form such a program were discussed recently in “Issues in the use of Fund resources” by Andrew Crockett in the June 1982 issue of Finance and Development.
Republic of Korea. Various factors combined during the late 1970s in Korea to produce a rapidly deteriorating balance of payments. A policy of cheap credit to encourage an ambitious investment program, particularly in the heavy and chemical industries, led to excessive demand pressures. On the supply side, there were shortages of skilled labor, in part because of a speculative housing boom that occurred when many construction workers were departing for the Middle East. Price and wage inflation rose, and external competitiveness was eroded—with adverse effects on exports and, hence, output growth.
Some measures were introduced in 1979 to moderate domestic demand pressures, but these could not prevent a deterioration of the balance of payments, partly because of unforeseen external developments—especially the increase in oil prices, slower growth of export markets, and rising protectionist tendencies abroad. The current account deficit continued to rise and, as the immediate prospect was for a further increase, a stabilization program supported by two successive stand-by arrangements with the Fund was initiated in early 1980.
The main policy changes in 1980 included a substantial increase in interest rates, a depreciation of the exchange rate, higher energy prices, and more restrictive fiscal and monetary policies. The impact of these on growth was compounded by civil disturbances and a major crop failure; as a result, real gross national product (GNP), which rose by 6 per cent in 1979, fell by about the same magnitude in 1980. Partly because of these developments, financial policies were eased somewhat in the latter part of 1980, but considerable financial stringency prevailed for the year as a whole. Inflation still accelerated temporarily in 1980, under the impact of the depreciation, the increases in energy prices, and the crop failure. The current account deficit widened, but only by about half of the price-induced increases in the oil import bill, implying that substantial external adjustment took place.
In 1981, policies continued to emphasize prudent demand management and wage moderation through an extensive public education campaign. The rewards of the stabilization efforts were mainly reaped in 1981 when aggregate output growth was resumed, reflecting especially rapid export growth through the third quarter of the year, as a result of the gains in competitiveness achieved in 1980. Inflation also decelerated sharply and the current account deficit declined. However, private investment remained sluggish and the growth of exports has slowed since the fourth quarter of 1981, resulting from both a weakening of world demand and a decline in the price competitiveness of exports.
Peru. Between late 1977 and the end of 1980 Peru had three continuous stand-by arrangements with the Fund. Expansionary policies since the early 1970s and rapidly growing public expenditures had put increasing pressure on prices and the balance of payments, both of which were aggravated by the increase in the oil price. Inflation rose sharply between 1973 and 1976, the balance of payments current account deficit rose to 11 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1975, external debt grew rapidly, and international reserves fell. The exchange rate was allowed to appreciate by 25 per cent in real terms between 1975 and 1977 in an effort to curb the rise in inflation.
The stabilization program introduced in 1976 broke down in 1977 under pressure for more government expenditure, and a similar fate befell the program of late 1977. The third attempt, in 1978, was successful, however. The public sector deficit was brought down from an average of 10 per cent of GDP in 1975–77 to 2 per cent in 1979, and the exchange rate was devalued and attached to a crawling peg. The balance of payments current account deficit fell rapidly, helped by large improvements in the terms of trade in 1979 and 1980. The adjustment was successful in that the balance of payments improved, while saving (both public and private) rose without much fall in investment, and output growth was quickly resumed. But inflation remained high, partly because of corrective price increases, and it still proved difficult to keep the public sector deficit under control. Some of the earlier problems reemerged in 1981.
Portugal. The balance of payments difficulties of Portugal arose from the 1974 oil price rise, the loss of its African colonies, and some consequences of the 1974 revolution—such as rapid growth in real wages and public expenditure. International competitiveness deteriorated because the depreciation of the exchange rate did not keep pace with the more rapid growth of wages and prices in Portugal than elsewhere. This, together with lack of confidence, discouraged the repatriation of migrant workers’ earnings and caused capital outflows, especially in 1977. Although the public sector deficit had grown rapidly from 1973 to 1977, there was not much generalized excess demand; unemployment was high and there was excess capacity in the export sector (including tourism).
Sources: IMF, International Financial Statistics. Additional data from national sources.
Period of extended facility and upper credit tranche program.
The economic program supported by Fund lending in 1978–79 therefore emphasized expenditure-switching rather than expenditure-reduction. The major instruments were faster depreciation of the exchange rate, wage restraint, relaxation of import controls, and an increase in interest rates. The balance of payments improved dramatically, mainly because of sharp increases in exports, workers’ remittances, and capital inflows, stimulated especially by the exchange rate and interest rate changes. The growth rate of output rose in 1979 after falling for two years. Both saving and investment were higher as a percentage of GDP in 1979–80 than in the years of balance of payments crisis, with the increase being greater for saving and, within total saving, for saving by the private sector. It was also intended to reduce the public sector deficit, although the outcome was that it increased. Some of the improvement in the balance of payments was a temporary stock adjustment. Partly because of this—and because of the rise in oil prices, continued structural weaknesses, and the high pressure of domestic demand—the current account deficit increased again in 1980 and 1981.
Panama. With the exception of two short gaps, Panama has had Fund stand-by arrangements in the upper credit tranches since June 1978, following first credit tranche arrangements in 1973–76 and 1977–78. The problem can be traced to adverse external developments in 1974–78: the world recession; the fall in prices for its major export, sugar; and the decrease in private investment because of uncertainty about the Canal. The authorities countered the recession by increasing public expenditure, especially on large investment projects. The public sector deficit rose to nearly 19 per cent of GDP in 1976; as most of it was financed abroad, official external debt rose rapidly, reaching 82 per cent of GDP at the end of 1978. Since the U.S. dollar circulates freely in Panama, the overall balance of payments is always in equilibrium, and the current account deficit is automatically limited to the availability of finance and is not in itself a problem.
The aims of the economic programs supported by the Fund were to reduce the public sector deficit, and hence the growth of official external debt, and to create the conditions for the recovery of private investment. Public investment was reduced, as was expenditure on emergency employment-creating measures, and new revenue measures increased receipts. The ratio of official external debt to GDP declined to 62 per cent at the end of 1981. Output growth from 1978 was more satisfactory than it had been in the mid-1970s, partly because of the recovery of private investment that had resulted from the conclusion of the Canal treaties.
Gabon. Large imbalances arose in Gabon in 1973–76 when public investment grew very rapidly following the first oil price increase. The Government deficit rose to over 20 per cent of GDP; inflation was also over 20 per cent and external debt grew rapidly. The expansionary phase came to an end in 1977 and was followed by a recession and financial crisis. A stabilization program supported by a stand-by arrangement was introduced in 1978. The overall government balance was brought into surplus and inflation declined, but there was a large drop in output in both the oil and non-oil sectors.
To consolidate the gains that were made, a medium-term program supported by a precautionary arrangement under the extended Fund facility was introduced in 1980. The main aims were to resume orderly growth with relatively low inflation; to reduce external debt; to reestablish adequate reserves; to expand the production base of the non-oil economy; and to use in a more orderly fashion the enlarged resources derived from the second oil price rise. The principal policy instruments were the investment plan, more efficient pricing, and wage and credit restraint. Fund resources were to be made available in case of need, but this need did not arise and they were not utilized.
The objectives of the program were mostly achieved. Real output in the non-oil sector grew again, although at a rather low rate, partly because sharp declines in export volume and prices, brought on by a fall in demand, affected the uranium, manganese, and forestry sectors. There were also some problems in implementing the investment plan, and the modest structural change achieved has not yet been reflected in growth because of production lags. Government expenditure targets were largely achieved. Revenue performance improved markedly, helped by an unexpected depreciation of the CFA franc against the U.S. dollar, in terms of which oil revenues are denominated. As a result, the Treasury position continued to improve, with the government budget recording large surpluses. External debt declined and reserves were built up to a relatively satisfactory level.
Note: The June 1980 arrangement, under the extended Fund facility, expired in December 1982.
Sri Lanka. The external position of Sri Lanka deteriorated over the 20 years previous to the mid-1970s because of a serious worsening of the terms of trade and stagnation of the export-oriented agricultural sector. Persistent balance of payments difficulties led to an increasingly restrictive exchange and trade system with a bias against exports. Price controls, consumer subsidies, and food rationing distorted prices and reduced saving and investment.
The programs supported by a stand-by arrangement with the Fund in 1977–78 and an extended arrangement in 1979–81 aimed to reduce controls over prices, trade, and payments; to bring prices, including the exchange rate and interest rates, closer to market clearing levels; to shift budgetary resources from subsidies to investment; to increase saving; and to raise the growth rate. They began well, with the growth rate, investment ratio, and foreign aid inflows all rising, and the overall balance of payments in equilibrium. However, some signs of excess demand emerged toward the end of 1979 and became widespread in 1980, mainly because of the large increase in public expenditure, especially investment. The adverse effects of this on the balance of payments and inflation were compounded by the effects of drought on tree crop output and the deterioration in the terms of trade. Mainly as a result of restrictive fiscal and monetary measures, the situation improved in 1981. Despite the setbacks of 1980 and problems remaining in the export sector, the programs of 1977–81, as a whole, contributed to raising the growth rate of the economy and to increasing its efficiency by replacing controls with price incentives.
Burma. For almost a decade up to 1974, the economy of Burma hardly grew at all in per capita terms. Agriculture dominated the economy, and agricultural output per capita fell—mainly because producer prices were kept fixed while input prices rose—and there was relatively little investment. Exports, which were based on agricultural production, therefore suffered and the volume of imports had to be held down. The tax base was similarly eroded and the Government had recourse to bank borrowing which, together with increased bank borrowing by state economic enterprises, exacerbated inflationary pressures after 1972. In 1975 there was a change in policy, and the Government sought to provide more incentives to increase output and mobilize resources. As a result output grew more rapidly, helped by favorable weather, but inflation also rose, partly because of corrective price increases. In the mid-1970s the Government sought to raise the investment rate and to borrow much more abroad on concessional terms.
Note: The June 1981 arrangement, a stand-by, expired in June 1982.
1Years beginning April 1 except consumer prices, which are calendar years.
In support of this program, Burma had stand-by arrangements with the Fund from 1977 to 1979. The size of the foreign trade sector in relation to the economy as a whole grew sharply, especially on the import side. The current account deficit grew, as planned, and was covered by a larger capital inflow so that the overall balance was kept under control. Growth continued at a satisfactory rate, and inflation was low, partly because of price controls. There continued to be many inflexibilities in the economy aggravated by the controls on imports and prices. A major problem was the unused capacity in many state economic enterprises arising from a shortage of imports; another was the rising public sector deficit and consequential inflationary pressures associated with the controlled output prices of the state undertakings. A program supported by a new Fund arrangement was introduced in 1981, with the aim of liberalizing imports and prices, albeit at some temporary cost in terms of a higher current account deficit and inflation. The evidence to date suggests that it was broadly successful.
Although these seven countries are not necessarily representative of all countries with Fund-supported programs, nor even of those where a reasonable measure of adjustment took place, their experiences can illustrate a number of general aspects of adjustment following Fund-supported programs.
The nature of the initial problems and their causes differ widely. In some cases there was an unsustainable current account deficit caused primarily by excessive domestic demand pressures (Korea, Peru, and Sri Lanka in 1980). In Portugal the rise in the current account deficit was more the result of a decline in international competitiveness than of excess demand. However, excess demand also played the major role in creating the external problems of Panama and Gabon. Official external debt rose rapidly as ambitious public sector investment programs were financed mostly abroad; official international reserves also fell to low levels. The existing balance of payments difficulties of all these countries were aggravated by external developments, especially terms of trade movements and the weak growth of export markets. Sri Lanka until 1980 and Burma had rather different problems. They both wished to increase investment and liberalize imports and prices (Burma only from 1981) in order to grow more rapidly. Although they did not initially have balance of payments problems, the change of strategy could have created some unless appropriate adjustment had taken place.
The main policy instruments that are included in successful programs reflect the differences in the nature of the problem and its causes. Thus the programs of Korea, Peru, Sri Lanka in 1981, Panama, and Gabon (especially 1978–79) emphasized the restraint of demand. Since private sector investment was the major cause of the excess demand in Korea, credit restraint was the centerpiece of the program there. The main problem in the other countries was the overall deficit of the public sector, which they sought to reduce. Discrete exchange rate changes, together with further currency depreciation in some cases, supported demand restraint in Korea and Peru, and also formed a central part of the programs in Portugal and Sri Lanka. As befitted their initial position of balance of payments equilibrium with unsatisfactory growth, the main policy measure in Sri Lanka (until 1981) and Burma was an increase in the rate of public investment. This was supported by the liberalization of imports and prices (from 1981 in Burma). Most other countries also sought to improve economic efficiency by reducing price distortions. In Gabon special emphasis was placed on the structure of the investment plan—to improve the efficiency of the reduced level of investment and, hence, to increase the growth rate of the non-oil economy.
The link between the type of problem and the type of program can also be seen in the actual outcome. The growth of GDP improved in five out of seven countries (Portugal, Panama, Gabon after 1978, Sri Lanka, and Burma) and declined temporarily only in Korea and Peru. This division corresponds roughly to that between programs emphasizing demand restraint (Korea, Peru, Sri Lanka in 1981, Panama, and Gabon in 1978–79) and others, except that Panama achieved satisfactory growth despite considerable fiscal restraint. In the countries where the growth rate rose, the increase in supply was brought about through various channels: the utilization of excess capacity in Portugal; improved external competitiveness in Portugal and Sri Lanka; a rise in private investment in Panama and Sri Lanka; a rise in public investment in Burma and Sri Lanka; and improved resource allocation in Portugal, Sri Lanka, and Gabon. Some of these changes, especially the improvement in competitiveness, also raised supply in South Korea and Peru, even though other factors caused the growth rate to decline temporarily.
Successful adjustment is more likely to occur if policy is flexible in the face of unexpected developments, as is suggested by the experience of these countries. Some of them were able to take advantage of favorable changes in their environment. For example, in Peru the terms of trade improved, and in Panama the Canal treaties were concluded. Although Gabon failed to profit from the oil price rise in 1974, it did not repeat this mistake after the second oil price rise. On the other hand, successful adjustment can still be achieved even when unfavorable events occur. In 1980 Korea experienced a crop failure, a reduction in export demand, a deterioration in its terms of trade, higher interest rates, and civil unrest, and yet kept on the path to successful adjustment. Unexpected developments, even favorable ones, can undermine adjustment efforts, but a flexible policy response can still produce the desired changes.
Even when adjustment is generally successful, some difficulties can emerge. Some of the countries discussed failed to keep demand pressures fully under control, either during (Portugal and Sri Lanka up to 1980) or after (Peru) the period of the arrangement with the Fund. Although the programs in Portugal and Sri Lanka did not always emphasize demand restraint, successful adjustment could have been undermined if demand pressures had not been kept under control. (It almost was undermined in Sri Lanka until restrictive policies were introduced in 1981.) In Peru the re-emergence of demand pressures in 1981 led to a new extended arrangement with the Fund, which was approved in June 1982. Other outstanding problems included the deteriorating international competitiveness of Korea during 1981; the difficulty of improving the quality of public investment in Gabon, Burma, and Sri Lanka; and price distortions in a number of countries.
Adjustment should be a continuous process. Even if major efforts are made from time to time, at all other times policy should be sufficiently flexible to react to changing circumstances so that the most favorable environment for growth, inflation, and the balance of payments is maintained. Most of the countries discussed had either an extended arrangement or a series of shorter stand-by arrangements with the Fund. The first attempts at stabilization and adjustment were not always successful (as in Korea in 1979, Peru in 1976–77, and Portugal in 1977), mainly because the extent of the problem was underestimated. After some success in adjusting was achieved, further problems came close to reversing it in these cases. This suggests that successful adjustment is most likely to occur when political support is mobilized to sustain the stabilization program over a period of years. The longer the introduction of the program is delayed, the greater the effort needed to see it through, and the greater the chance of failure.
WilliamR. Cline“Economic Stabilization in Peru, 1975–78,” inWilliam R.Cline and SidneyWeintraub (editors) Economic Stabilization in Developing Countries (Washington, DCThe Brookings Institution1981).
AndrewCrockett“Issues in the use of Fund resources,”Finance & Development (June1982).
ManuelGuitiánFund Conditionality: Evolution of Principles and Practices Pamphlet No. 38 (Washington, DCInternational Monetary Fund1981).
HansO. SchmittEconomic Stabilization and Growth in Portugal Occasional Paper No. 2 (Washington, DCInternational Monetary Fund1981).
JohnWilliamson (editor) IMF Conditionality articles on Peru and Portugal (Institute for International Economicsto be published in1983).
IMF Survey articles on BurmaSri Lanka Panama Gabon and Korea (April1979June1980March1981May1981and September1981).