text stringlengths 3 7.38M | source_data stringclasses 5 values | info stringlengths 83 12.5k |
|---|---|---|
"The Jungle Book Theatre Camp" Ages 5-10
Noteable Kids Arts Center
Brenda Faatz
Noteable Kids Center
06/05/17 - 06/09/17 (5 days)
Week long half and full day Theatre camps for kids. Each student will be given a solo and dialogue to perform in our end of session Performance Showcase! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8388625979423523}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3981', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V2DGCVYVJYS7MHMXILMJWNNVQORV76NK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:630c7c86-4975-4e54-b9c9-1fb1bcb6c18f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 9, 9, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '204.11.62.206', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:43N4WDBLA7BZQ5X53YUHDKBUUV6SEU34', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8e26a7f5-85a2-4cfd-b90d-29b911927bc1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://noteablekids.com/class.aspx?cls=473513&printer_friendly=Y', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:db4a52e5-d8b5-42bd-81f8-b0b3bc258209>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '52', 'url': 'http://noteablekids.com/class.aspx?cls=473513&printer_friendly=Y', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-93-215-43.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06838458776473999', 'original_id': 'f7973a381038d9bd7e86b5940dbd64d8b965d2edf42c25af0813a1cfecc05a18'} |
a word from me
1. s3Capcha, jQuery captcha plugin on 2012-02-07 10:45:06 difficulty: easy
ABOUT The s3Capcha jQuery plugin is made by an example of WebDesignBeach Ajax Fancy Captcha.When i saw this plugin that my friends from WebDesignBeach made i thought "this would be perfect addon to my web site". But after reviewing it, there was 3 things why i decide to build my own rather then use theirs. Doesn't gracefully degrade if javascript is off (witch is not a big problem since 95% of the web users has it on), but since the whole
Labels: s3Capcha, jQuery, php, JavaScript, plugin
2. WordPress, common mistake while creating a theme on 2012-08-07 08:23:12 difficulty: easy
Common mistake while creating a wordpress theme In the company i worked for, we have created a wordpress plugin for one of our products, my job among other things is to provide a support for plugin we made. We got a lot of support tickets saying that our plugin is not working, and after the examination of the problem i see that theme is not coded properly. Since that is a common error i encountered, i have decided to write this article - maybe someone will
Labels: wordpress, php | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '40', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9311153292655944}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '9737', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QVNV3GSRCPM2RCVIMCZYQSGIASM2FHIW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9584cf3f-83b1-454d-aa74-f537e3133658>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 12, 56, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '46.101.245.221', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2XBPUGNOMGUUTATJSSS2JT5JSJ4Y4JBL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c3b082a-43f0-4b04-aca7-65c398016475>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://serie3.info/filter/tag:php', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c0d867e-30ca-4c89-a5e1-523d76c9489b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '201', 'url': 'http://serie3.info/filter/tag:php', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-27-36.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02549964189529419', 'original_id': 'd07e546dd52399cdf65896fcd51796b0e4625b237a886d18d92d740867de0812'} |
Culinary ramblings of a mischievous cook. Recipes,pictures,diary entries and all things foodie.Follow a journey of life in the east Algarve, Portugal...
Thursday, 8 December 2011
with love from Portugal...
Claus Porto sampler pack of guest soaps
.... or from anywhere else for that matter. Us expats scatter the globe, and in the season of goodwill we need to think about the folks back home, now is the time to think about two way family favourites.Things the family have enjoyed when they visited the country you are now resident in.Send them packing and here´s hoping they will be reciprocating with care packages of well timed expat cravings.
Sturdy packaging is a must at this time of year if you have friends and family scattered all over the world. Lightweight, non-breakable gifts make the most sense, but bubble wrap, foam containers and boxes designed for posting everything from bottles of wine and posters to CD´s are available from your local Correio or post office.Papelaria and art shops are another good source of different sized and coloured or patterned cartons,too. Food is always popular with those living away from their family, but not all foodstuffs will resist the rigours and time of travel, no matter how well wrapped they are. Instead of sending fragile individual packets of biscuits to cousin Maud living in France, look for sturdy tins of quality biscuits or buy a stainless steel tin and fill it with fun-sized packs of her favourite Chocolates and biscuits.Tea and coffee weigh next to nothing and more often than not. particularly at this time of the year,come in decorative tins and soft packaging which is perfect for posting.Seeds of thought sown, here are some more specific suggestions for lightweight presents.
Muxama- Dry cured tuna. So lean and full of flavour, like Serrano ham, it is no wonder it sometimes gets called ham of the sea. Just served as tapas with a drizzle of olive oil chopped tomatoes and rocket.As done for a summer starter and tapa at Casa Rosada, its concentrated taste can overwhelm at first and make your beer taste of tuna - not a good thing, but persevere and before long you will have an "Atum heart mother"well maybe she will be after she´s enjoyed this delicacy,
Atum Damaso in Vila Real de Santo Antonio will cut, slice and hermetically seal the quantity you need with use by date and date of packing.
Pata negra, Belota. Top of the range quality cured hams from Iberia. Acorn fed in field to gold star in store. Wouldn´t you just want to wake up on Christmas morning and have this treat to accompany scrambled eggs and a glass of Buck´s fizz for your Christmas day breakfast. Suppliers in Ayamonte will slice and hermetically seal your order while you pootle off for a Pedro Ximenez and plancha of Manchego tapa. Can´t be bad.
The best the Algarve can produce, and not yet available outside Portugal or online so this present is extra special and will leave recipients asking questions and gagging for more. But be careful, otherwise you will have friends relations and cousin Maud from France begging you for a holiday in your Algarve home. well maybe not Cousin Maud because she will be snotty about claiming that Flor de sal should be of the French variety.Oh well who cares, she needs a gift.
Guest soaps - Perfect for the entertainer.Mama would love to add a dash of elegance and charm to every room in her house, just like she experienced when she stayed with you on her summer holidays.She´ll love this set of pretty pastel soaps wrapped in a sweet little gifty-boo box.With over 20 years experience in manufacturing soap and smellies, Claus Porto sure know their stuff.This sampler box of their best soap tablets make the perfect host / hostess gift.3 pastilles of each fragrance: Cerina (brise marine),Lilane (Lavender),Deco(lime Basil),Aguia(Veytiver)and Condessa(wild pansy)
Some of these suppliers have online ordering and delivery and others have Overseas outlet,so check online for shipping details and delivery charges and times, before you shop and post.
About Me
I´m a self-taught cook.From my childhood in Scotland through growing up in South East England, my mother was my formative influence. Holidays in Europe, America,Africa and Scandinavia fed me with culinary inspiration. Fifteen years of holidaying in Tavira, led me to up roots and follow the dream to live in Portugal. Here in Castro Marim we run a small guest house, Casa Rosada.Relocation has opened my eyes and taste buds to how recipes and their ingredients can change and develop when incorporated into another country´s food culture and how foreigners like myself adapt the local dishes,bringing a new slant to them.In the last three years I have been researching and cooking traditional Portugueses dishes and then inventing a modern twist to them. I´ve started this food blog so I can share new recipes and a slice of Algarvian life here at Casa Rosada here in Castro Marim. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '289afc8c95c228564619b7d901b68f638013d44e6b1fb9a8b160bdbce32d7811'} |
Under construction
Airweed was a plant that grew in the undersea Fields of Air near Mahri Nui. These plants produced pure air, which could be harvested from inside them by Hydruka or released due to significant impact tremors. The air produced by these plants made it possible for the Matoran to survive underwater.1
The Fields of Air teemed with these plants, which the Matoran called "airweed." Each plant produced bubbles of air which could be merged together to form larger bubbles. The Matoran used hydruka to harvest the air. The Matoran used this air to create large bubbles around the buildings of Mahri Nui as well as smaller, personal air bubbles for Matoran who ventured outside of the city.2
Airweed plants were precious to Mahri Nui. They produced air bubbles naturally, which could be harvested using creatures called hydruka. The air bubbles allowed the Matoran of Mahri Nui to survive in the Pit and protected them from being mutated by the waters. Airweed grew in the Fields of Air adjacent to Mahri Nui.3 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9631066918373108}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '5751', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:RXIIWJLL62IWKRCEUUWRZ6ZR274YNLP5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c10d2728-60be-4f89-8a33-6ade59e09ca8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 16, 2, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '165.227.176.143', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5X3HGFLU6ENXSRUUN2B6GAVSFREDLK2S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:89dd34bf-1875-4508-bcbe-1deb26ea41f5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://thegreatarchives.com/encyclopedia/airweed', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:66d25de8-ccab-4fef-b8ee-372c5c4064f2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '174', 'url': 'https://thegreatarchives.com/encyclopedia/airweed', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.34406518936157227', 'original_id': 'b2ecd365d8f20e0c8e12ad4d2b742ec0b7f87e04ebbc78a9ba4070ec84f588a8'} |
Q:
Cannot retrieve a document using GET API
I'm using Elasticsearch version 1.2.0
I have documents indexed by bulk indexing.
When it comes to search, it works fine when I use _search endpoint to get a document that I want.
However, I cannot get the exactly same document using GET API.
For example, the code snippet below does not retrieve any result.
curl -XGET "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9200/my_index/my_type/my_id?pretty"
However, when I specify the routing value, it retrieves correct result that I wanted to get.
curl -XGET "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9200/my_index/my_type/my_id?routing=3&pretty"
Here is the thing that I want to know because I've never used any kind of routing settings for indexing operation.
And there is NO parent-child relations with the "my_type".
Could anyone recommend other possible reasons for this kind of problem?
Thanks in advance.
A:
Elasticsearch version 1.2.0 has a severe bug with respect to indexing.
The document recommends an upgrade to 1.2.1.I think you are running into this issue.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '500b8a989711b51a055362a2f32a829b72bb0daec70b5ba505d49f779a0de377'} |
Margo, I am increasingly demoralised by all the anti-Semitism stuff. I don't see why we should keep copping this, when we - you - are bending over backwards to get an open, honest, heat-free debate going. It may be that certain people genuinely misconstrued what you meant, but I don't quite see it that way myself.
The point is, this is NOT nineteenth century Russia or 1930 Germany. Debate today IS by definition very well informed by all that ugly history; we KNOW the Protocols were bullshit and we KNOW where they led. It is NOT going to happen again. If PAST atrocities are to 'justify' a stifling of PRESENT debate, we chalk up yet ANOTHER posthumous victory for the Pogromistas and the Hitlerites. Get it, everyone? The Holocaust is NOT going to happen again. Not to the Jewish people, anyway.
The grim fact is that there are too many people itching to jump on the tiniest hint of bigotry (or its counterpart) at the slightest opportunity, including me, and it's crippling our discussions, and so prolonging the Middle East agony. It's just so thoroughly paralysing, and it's largely gross power-opportunists driving it for purely cynical, political-partisan purposes.
If we allow ourselves to keep doing this, we are mocking the deaths of all the millions of Jews murdered by the very same type of cynical power-opportunists in days past, albeit obviously far more brutal ones. Those Jews who survived the Camps didn't found modern Israel based on the same old hates, fears, bitternesses and a newly-supercharged 'f... you' sense of otherness. They did so based on hope, compassion, creative resolve and a fierce determination to shed the dull weight of just that murderous history at long last.
Oh, and love. Love. Heaps of it - heaps of daggy old love for their fellow Man. Despite everything. After all the horrors, the original Light Unto Nationers still loved life and still believed in a gentle, inclusive god of some description, whether divine or secular.
Yet now here we are - Jewish and non-Jewish alike - scarcely one generation on, and we seem to have walked away from all that hope forever. How pathetically petulant and childish our generations have all become, so quickly. It's time we all grew up again. And told those who won't to kindly step aside.
Andrew Bolt on the weekend had a savage go at us at Webdiary, and it made my blood go cold even before I saw the latest responses to your recent comments. All the more because as is standard practice he quite deliberately and damagingly blurred the Zionist/Jewish line in order to justify his savagery, as well as oversimplfying the UN wall vote to the point of unrecognisability. You can't debate these issues rationally and honestly unless both sides want to. Fine - if Bolt can't or won't no matter what, then it's time to run his ilk out of town.
I'm not going to cop this infantile horseshit anymore, Margo. Ever since I got out my one-horse town in the scrub, all I ever wanted was to join in the fun and games that is the great liberal intellectual tradition - abstract ideas and argument, the brilliant fertile interplay of human imaginations leading to a better real world.
At bedrock - for us in the West, anyway - that's a profoundly Judaic tradition. Call somone anti-Semitic, and you're basically saying: 'Run along now, goy. You can't fit in, here. You're not sophisticated enough. You don't get it.' That's the way it always hits me, anyway. It feels - well, just like being Jewish must, sometimes.
So for consideration is my response to both Bolt and the latest flare-up. I authorise you to publish my full address. All those fearless 'not for publication' complainants make me laugh bitterly. I thought we had advanced past this anonymous stuff with Ashrawi? I say let's call their bluff. We can't afford yet more of the same old swinging at each other blindly in the dark. It's killing us all.
Your apology was gracious and generous, but I'm not convinced it was entirely merited - or for that matter productive, since it will almost certainly be seized extravagantly upon as some weird kind of 'told you so' victory by opportunists elsewhere. Bolt has done nothing to help the fight against terrorism since it started, and a whole lot to hamper it operationally, especially when it comes to our urgent need to be honest about the whole 'root cause' issue at last. He's happy to blab about Top Secret documents when it suits him, too, yet still feels able to abuse people like me as some kind of traitor and internal 'danger'. After a few weeks catching him up on the last couple of years of politics in this country - he's had other shit to do - my SAS brother wants to tear 'conservative' writers like Bolty and Blair and Piers apart. They're making his job so much harder by
shoring up the stupid divisions on the home front, even as he and his colleagues try to break them down on the post-fighting battlefields.
My family is pulling our weight in this 'war' in every possible way we can; I should not have to eat this "Nazi' crap anymore - from Jewish, Zionist or any other brand of Australian - without at least feeling free to serve a little back on their rude terms.
A Meeja Watch invitation to Andrew Bolt and friends
The text of Andrew Bolt's 'Zionist' Theories Hit Wall:
JEWISH conspiracy theories are so now chic that even the Fairfax group is, curiously, printing this filth. Fairfax, publisher of The Age and the Sydney Morning Herald, has an Internet site that hosts the Web Diary of radical author and columnist Margo Kingston. Kingston this week was asked by a reader to explain why there was little debate over the United Nation's (disgraceful) vote to demand Israel pull down a wall built to keep out suicide bombers.
Simple, wrote Kingston: "(It's) because the fundamentalist Zionist lobby controls politics and the media in the US and Australia." She even had proof "the Libs (were) in the Zionists (sic) pockets". Odd, that Kingston feels a Jewish-controlled media kills debate on Israel, when her paper freely savages that country, as does the ABC on which she often appears. Or is she accusing her own chief executive at Fairfax, Fred Hilmer, and his aide, Bruce C. Wolpe, both Jews, of stopping her and her colleagues from saying even nastier stuff?
Good news, then, for Margo. Hilmer is going, as is The Age editor Michael Gawenda, another Jew. And replacing Gawenda is Andrew Jaspan, editor of Glasgow's Sunday Herald, which says it is Israel's fault that it is attacked by suicide bombers: "Every time the Israeli security forces act using the mailed fist, retaliation is only a detonator away."
So Jews can neither shoot back nor build walls to hide behind. Happy now, Margo?
From: Jack Robertson, 12B Theodore Street, BALMAIN NSW 2041, 9810 6816
To: Andrew Bolt, Sun-Herald columnist (via Webdiary)
Date: 26 July 2004
Information: All Webdiarists, all SMH editor complainants
Subject: Let's drag all this 'anti-Semitic'/'anti-Zionist' crap out into the open and kill it dead, eh?
Dear Andrew Bolt,
Loved your weekend rant, mate. Just read it now. 'Filth'? Andrew, I couldn't stop laughing. Or was that - crying? Or was that just feeling very tired - wounded - from copping yet more of the usual post-9/11 abuse from the New Right? Whatever. I was moved to respond in some way, anyway.
Mate, like many here at Webdiary and every country on earth except America, Israel, Australia and several specks somewhere out past Fiji, I too support the UN's recent non-binding vote declaring illegal the building of a security wall outside Israel's recognised borders. Like many Australians I was dismayed that we voted at the UN as we did without any public debate at all. This in your eyes apparently makes me some kind of anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist just itching to say even nastier stuff about everyone who's Jewish. (Like what exactly, Andrew?) I'm a Green voter, too, which you've previously written makes me akin to a 'Nazi'. You've also consistently described people like me - Iraq invasion opponents - as appeasers, terrorist-lovers, cowards, anti-Americans, and so on. Bully for you.
The other junk I can hack, but it's the relentless 'anti-Semitism' slanders and insinuations that I find hard to handle. We get a lot of that here at Webdiary, as you probably know, and we copped another serve today. Me, I don't quite know how to deal with this sort of accusation; for some reason I just can't ignore them, and whether it's me being over-sensitive or not I don't know, but I'm sick of them at last. So why not let's sort it out man-to-man.
If you - or any other Webdiary-basher (are you there AIJAC?) - really feel that I, my views, or my association with this forum does represent a racist danger to the Australian Jewish community, you're warmly welcome to drop by my home and discuss it in person to ease your concerns. I live at 12B Theodore Street in Balmain, Sydney. My telephone number is 02 9810 6816. I work mostly from there.
Now Andrew, I know of course that 'I would say that, wouldn't I', but I may be able to save you the trip north: I assure you that I'm not remotely anti-Semitic (I know Margo well enough now to know that she isn't, either). I am certainly not violently anti-democratic or even personally aggressive in the way that Hitler's streets thugs were. But what the hell - why not pop north and see for yourself, mate? (If you do drop in to suss out my feelings about matters ME/Zionism/Judaism/the Holocaust, call me first, preferably; and especially please come during the day, when my wife is not home).
Andrew, as the response to Margo's latest Middle East 'faux pas' shows, this issue is desperately tricky to discuss rationally, which is why I think it's important - as with the Ashrawi affair - that all of us of good faith who disagree over Middle East politics try even harder to sustain a civilised debate about it. To my mind face-to-face discussion - where you can see and so embrace the vulnerable Humanity of the other side as you argue - is the best way to ensure this. In that spirit, is there any chance that you'd publish your address - residential, I mean, like I have - next time you use your precious, privileged, protected public space to attack us as Nazis or anti-Semites?
Just asking.
One other thing, Andrew. If you do decide to drop into my home in Balmain (12B Theodore Street, phone: 9810 6816) and confirm for yourself that I'm not wearing jackboots, be aware that I'll take the chance to press you on the Wilkie leak again, too (man-to-man is far better than the phone on this matter too, I feel). My brother, who at the time you savaged Andrew Wilkie's reputation in your 23 June column was fighting (some) genuine anti-Semites in the Middle East, would very much like to know who exactly it was in Alexander Downer's office who leaked you that Top Secret ONA Report. Like all professional soldiers and security/intelligence officers who are actually fighting this 'war on terror' of yours, and partially to defend the secular liberal democratic free speech enjoyed by loud-mouthed civilians like you and me, my bro' gets very angry when 'loose lips' with classified material on the home front potentially compromise his security. Especially when those lips blab for cynical political purposes, hiding behind Ministerial guardian angels - your leakmate Mr Downer was the first to accuse Citizens like me of 'appeasement' - and Murdochian newspaper columns, stirring up division, suspicion, resentment and fear with their artificially-outraged, deliberately-oversimplified, cynical, calculating bile about neo-fascist hate crimes in the modern era.
As the Ashrawi affair showed us Sydneysiders, you Melbournians really know how to ramp up a bit of hysteria out of bugger-all, don't you. You must sit down there with special hate speech dictionaries and round-the-clock teams of earnest undergrads, studiously monitoring the Emerald City meeja for the tiniest little transgression. Get a life, Andrew. Get another riff. Get a ghost writer, at least. Someone a bit funnier, preferably.
Better still, as I said: come north, Andrew darling! Drop in for a beer and see for yourself that we Webdiarists aren't such a crowd of heaving blackshirts after all. (12B Theodore Street, Balmain, 9810 6816 - you can have the fold-down for the night). Let's chat about Middle East issues mate, like Hemingway and Fitzgerald would have done. Most of the world's six billion people do want to get together and talk the ongoing tragedy into some kind of sane peaceful solution, I assure you. Well, we can't do that while opportunist conservative commentators like you fling terms like 'Nazi' at us from the idiot seats up the back, in a never-ending spray of hecklers' confetti chipped from the stumps perched perpetually on your adolescent shoulders.
Pro-Israel? You? Bullshit, Andrew. Uncompromising, loudmouthed wannabe 'Chosen Ones' like you worldwide are the very 'supporters' placing that nation's security future in the most danger of all, you idiot. Just like all those frothing 'Left Behind' zealots in the States whose 'support' for Israel is not unlike that showed by the shepherd fattening his lambs for the Second Coming carve-up, you're a 'pro-Israel' fake. Your moronic stamp of No Surrender absolutism - the one best applied from a safe distance, naturally - is what's largely driving the dimming Light Unto Nations into suicidal oblivion, fool.
Yahweh spare Israel from Diaspora Zionists - especially those who aren't even Jewish.
Oh, and Webdiary readers who may want to object to my cheerful brusqueness here (a la Margo Kingston's earlier and far gentler 'Zionism' comments) please note: it does not help defuse the distracting, divisive 'Jewish conspiracy theory' nonsense one bit when those who do legitimately object to opinions they read here haven't got the guts, courtesy or civic seriousness to explain to us publicly and carefully why, using their names in equal good faith to us on what is a very level playing field of cyber-debate. Preferring instead the 'Not For Publication' cop-out, scuttling off like whiny little dobbers to big mummy editor. How edifying. Again, most Israelis I know would die of embarrassment. They cop bombs on the chin daily without flinching and some of you haven't even got the bottle to invent a cyber-name and put your two bobs' worth of intellectual disagreement into the public domain?
Pah. Grow up, kids, or go away.
If you're a Jewish or Zionist Australian reading this, anxious that contributing openly in cyber counter-point to what you read here may leave you vulnerable to abuse, vilification or worse in the real world, then please, please ask yourselves how it feels from our side of this draining, impossible debate. It's no more fun to be called a 'Nazi' in Parliament or the Murdoch press, or to have a bunch of anonymous critics hounding your editor, than it is to be called - well, you know how it goes. I'm sorry, but we're all equally vulnerable and exposed to zealots and nutters and dangerous kooks these days: be we Jewish, Zionist, Christian, Muslim, atheist, Left, Right or whatever stamp of Australian, there's more than enough scarifying hatred flying about now for everyone to cop their fair share. You try walking a few miles in Muslim shoes just now. Or John Howard's. Or Margo Kingston's. Or Andrew Bolt's. Or yep, Colin Rubinstein's. Or even mine, for that matter.
Here's the latest charmer we copped over at the Not Happy, John website:
"with idiots like you in this country who needs terrorists, you are australias terrorists, pushing all your warped ideas on the public, i hope your book is a flop, defending our democracy what a joke, why don't you just tell the public that your just a stupid labour supporter and stop lying."
Anonymous too, of course. (Whoever you are, you've got my address now. Lucky old you - you can come around and say it to my face!) But which editor or well-funded lobby group or government Minister are we supposed to run to? Even bloody Parliament flings this crap at us now. Oh well, boo-hoo-hoo for us, I guess. Because there's not a person - Left, Right or whatever - who's stuck their Citizen's head above the parapet since 9/11 who hasn't copped buckets of this stuff and worse from one side or the other. Get it? No-one's got a monopoly on self-pitying victimhood anymore, darlings.
Didn't you hear: the world has changed! We're all 'chosen ones' now.
Yep, we're all 'targets' for some or other kind of hater. It's too damned bad but that's just the way the world's various incompetent, greedy, arrogant, nasty, vicious and short-sighted leaders of all stripes, shapes, shades and shit-for-brains have remade Humanity over the last - oooh, two or three thousand years or so. The only way we can ever unmake that scary world is for all of us - all of us, Andrew - to cling to our good Human faith and find the mutual Human courage to get up in public and say where we stand clearly and firmly without fear or intimidation, yet without resorting to oversimplification or hate, either. And then listen in equal good faith to those who disagree with us. It's the only way we can avoid the misunderstandings that lead to mistrust and hate and then violence and then war in the first place.
Come on, this is Oz. We don't need all this Old World, Holy Hate, you-hit-me-first-no-you-did-no-you-did bullshit anymore. It's over. Drop it. We're all far, far better than this.
And for buggery's sake, Andrew (and others):
STOP calling us 'Nazis' and 'anti-Semites', just because we disagree with your views on the Middle East. Because we're not, OK? The Holocaust is yesterday, too. And it's now official, mate: it's no less frightening, demoralising, excluding and intimidating to the ears of crestfallen Australian goyim like me to be abused in such terms, than is the reverse hate crime to Jewish Australian ears. And I seriously doubt your overheated words are making them feel any safer than mine in response are making me feel just now, either.
Knock it off, the pair of us. Or come north and let's do it face-to-face like men, at least.
Jack Robertson
PS: A polite request to all you nutters out there, of whatever stripe: if you're going to send filth to my home, make sure it's at least humorous. And if you are going to come around and suss out my awful Nazi views on Israel/Palestine, once again a plea: do it during the day when my wife's at work. (If you come around at night, she'll surely kill me even if you don't.)
And bring booze and cigarettes. Johnnie Walker Red.
Most Viewed in National | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9563650488853456}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '176257', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6FM5CGMS75YCSHX6LJAOMGMR5IRT7TSJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:572bb038-6971-43aa-8cfe-8c6042d9fb34>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 18, 16, 18, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.119.30.252', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TJOSAZ7GTYZJXY35FKAOBCPD5GHGH4MP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cbeaf5ca-bdfd-4311-898b-e2f7a5acd5ac>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/robbo-v-bolt-on-anti-semitism-over-a-whisky-perhaps-20040728-gdjfl6.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c99af746-7945-4e60-874c-db57c3adcecd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3111', 'url': 'https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/robbo-v-bolt-on-anti-semitism-over-a-whisky-perhaps-20040728-gdjfl6.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-67-225.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05904155969619751', 'original_id': 'afe53419021244f0ee92c032fe3a110a4ffb8539176e7a6e0c8c7dcfdbbf1ce6'} |
[Hyper Object File]
A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.bmp
A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.bmp
A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.bmp
A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.bmp
1
false
false
false
nil
nil
1 1 1 | the_stack | {'hexsha': '40c676a2c3a3e1dae707772813d309bf9fb890eb', 'size': '217', 'ext': 'txt', 'lang': 'Text', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'HyperEditor/NEWGAME/OBJECT/mixed1/A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.hof.txt', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'null-dev/Hyper', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '63ec4bb2b517e482318ff67724537c9799ad22aa', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'HyperEditor/NEWGAME/OBJECT/mixed1/A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.hof.txt', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'null-dev/Hyper', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '63ec4bb2b517e482318ff67724537c9799ad22aa', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'HyperEditor/NEWGAME/OBJECT/mixed1/A494C969135A63C0D14B8B3C722EDFE2-141.hof.txt', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'null-dev/Hyper', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '63ec4bb2b517e482318ff67724537c9799ad22aa', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '18.0833333333', 'max_line_length': '40', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.8847926267', 'original_id': 'c68fb65761d74257eb3116eaa28bd532bd2e726ce2bda10bc4649be85fe5df9a'} |
06-29-2010, 11:50 PM
:'( that speech by Vivi at the end after his death is pretty damn moving. Had goosebumps I did. Today was the first time I'd completed the game for years and I forgot how annoying the last boss is. Grand Cross had me in chaos everytime it was used. It was by sheer luck I won, Two of my characters were dead with Zombie, another was petrified and Zidane was beserked. Thought I was a gonna.
My team was not the obvious one that everyone uses (Zidane, Garnet, Vivi, Steiner) it was;
Zidane Lvl. 60- Orichalcon
Freya Lvl 60- Holy Lance
Amarant Lvl 54- Rune Claws
Eiko Lvl 50- Angels flute
All had Auto-potion and Auto-regen and everyone bar Freya had Auto-haste. Didn't need Eiko through most of Memoria to be honest.
Next will be either another playthrough of VII or KH2 or trying to play XIII again.
06-29-2010, 11:56 PM
Vivi is one of the best characters in the series; his death was necessary for his importance to be truly realized. It was hinted at earlier on in the story, thus making him quite the tragic hero I'd say. He was equally as important to the story as Zidane and Dagger, and his fate had a strong impact on me.
And the final boss, Necron, wasn't even originally planned by the developers; he was just sort of thrown in at the last minute, but I didn't mind. I sort of had this feeling the Kuja battle wasn't gonna be the end of things, but I sure didn't expect Necron :/ I found him pretty easy using Zidane, Dagger, Amarant, and Vivi.
06-29-2010, 11:59 PM
Yes, Vivi's death was necessary. If they'd have bottled and done a hollywood ending then it wouldn't have made much sense since we knew he was going to die. Still upset me, in a good way through.
Deathguise and Kuja were both easy. Necron was a pain in my asshole.
06-30-2010, 12:03 AM
I love FFIX because it's so not Hollywood-ish; it's pure fantasy, and I think that's my fort� above all else when it comes down to it. That's why I praise it so highly. And for me, the difficulty was the other way around :O. I could not seem to beat Deathguise my first time through the game, and Kuja was a major nuisance with his forsaken Flare Star attack. Maybe I just wasn't as powerful as I could've been. But Necron was no biggy to master; "as long as there is life and death, he will exist". But as long as there is me, he will be pwned like there's no tomorrow :D
07-01-2010, 05:36 PM
I just kept throwing the Phoenix-downs at Necron, then watched an awesome movie. Inflicting heat helps loads.
07-15-2010, 02:02 AM
Vivi didn't die? Unless I've been snorting cocaine everytime I go through the last battle/ect...
Jitan Toraibaru
07-15-2010, 04:32 AM
It's implied he died offscreen, and that his sons are the ONLY versions of him you see in the ending!
09-15-2010, 02:29 PM
If Vivi didn't die the ending wouldn't be as epic. Vivi was struggling through the subject of death the whole game.
Nuff said.
09-15-2010, 03:09 PM
Nuff said.
09-15-2010, 04:32 PM
The thing is, when I first finished FFIX all those years ago, I didn't even think Vivi had actually passed away during the ending. That whole monologue I actually thought was Garnet's thoughts pinning for Zidane.
It was only later that I read on FF fan sites that Vivi was generally considered to have passed away at that point (mostly taken from info translated from the FFIX Ultimania book). Then it started to make sense, even though a part of me still thinks he survived, that might just me being in denial.
Besides, if Zidane could cheat death, then so could Vivi, I think.. maybe....
09-15-2010, 04:35 PM
The bittersweet tragedy of Vivi's passing was as necessary a puzzle piece as Zack's in Crisis Core :( | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '11', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.984853208065033}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '7692', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YTR5PNXJ2HKVFBZPJSKID6EVRYB2GTPL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9f1aaa6a-3218-4dbe-acdb-ef05bd235106>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 28, 13, 6, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.61.152.71', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WFI5WBQ6CT4ANAJXQB5ROH7T5TDGW5QG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7dd69e6c-9e4d-450a-9924-f5e533739f6b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://casinoble.ch/forums-ffshrine/archive/t-77248.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a589bcee-d515-4411-b697-6406d9bf9be7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '691', 'url': 'https://casinoble.ch/forums-ffshrine/archive/t-77248.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018603146076202393', 'original_id': '26ae1d3bd45c134f772df6671f034baa88233ef5c0ef31fde5e7ffec76edb9de'} |
The most important output devices, where we can see immediately our graphics results, are monitors. Because their development did not lag behind that of any other information technologies, we can state that for a reasonable price we can get a quality monitor. Despite the fast development and increases in LCD monitor production volumes, the basic element in the field of monitors remains the cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor.
The majority of classical display monitors are based on the principle of the cathode screen. This screen is based on an emitting cathode and a phosphor screen. In creating a display, the emitting cathode emits a beam of rays which passes through focusing electrode systems, and then it is swept through an electromagnetic field to the monitor screen, where it emits a weakening light. For keeping a quality image, it continual renewal is necessary. This is called as monitor renewal frequency. Sweeping is the result of two pairs of electrodes, moving the electron beam in the horizontal and in the vertical directions concurrently. To form a color image, we need three cathodes, a special luminescent layer, and a screen mask. On the screen, there are regularly spread three luminescent points, representing individual components of RGB. These three points appear for the human eye as only one resulting point.
As a standard, the sweeping electrodes use a 90-degree angle of sweeping. Some of the latest models, use also a 100-degree angle, which enables a reduction in overall dimensions, but on the other hand, brings higher requirements for displaying.
In the contrast to LCD monitors where the given diagonal sets the dimension of a monitor, in classical monitors the 17-inch monitor only rarely exceeds 16 inches, and a 15-inch unit has in fact only about 13.8 up to 14.1 inches, a 17-inch one about 15.7 up to 16.2 inches, and a 14-inch model is about 13.3 inches.
For determining the renewal frequency is important the value of the horizontal frequency given in kHz (kilo Hertz), which gives the number of lines per second which can be drawn on the given monitor.
The value of the vertical frequency means what frequency the monitor can deal with.
: Calculation of the frequency of the monitor with horizontal frequency 70 kHz with the resolution 1024x768.
The number of displayed lines is 768. The beam can draw 70 000 lines, because the transition to another line takes about 7 percent (this value is approximate, and with every monitor type it depends on the producer of the relevant monitor), so the resulting frequency is:
Resulting frequency = (70 000 * 0.93 ) / 768 = 85 Hz
Maximum renewal frequency
For a monitor with the given horizontal frequency in the given resolution
Horizontal frequency 640x480
1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200
30 kHz
58 Hz 46 Hz 36 Hz 27 Hz 23 Hz
35 kHz
67 Hz 54 Hz 42 Hz 32 Hz 27 Hz
40 kHz 77 Hz 62 Hz 48 Hz 37 Hz 31 Hz
45 kHz 87 Hz 70 Hz 54 Hz 41 Hz 35 Hz
50 kHz 97 Hz 78 Hz 60 Hz 46 Hz 39 Hz
55 kHz 106 Hz 85 Hz 67 Hz 51 Hz 43 Hz
60 kHz 116 Hz 93 Hz 73 Hz 55 Hz 47 Hz
65 kHz 126 Hz 101 Hz 79 Hz 60 Hz 51 Hz
70 kHz 136 Hz 109 Hz 85 Hz 65 Hz 55 Hz
75 kHz 145 Hz 117 Hz 91 Hz 69 Hz 59 Hz
80 kHz 155 Hz 125 Hz 97 Hz 74 Hz 63 Hz
85 kHz 165 Hz 133 Hz 103 Hz 79 Hz 67 Hz
90 kHz 175 Hz 141 Hz 110 Hz 83 Hz 71 Hz
95 kHz 185 Hz 148 Hz 116 Hz 88 Hz 75 Hz
100 kHz 194 Hz 156 Hz 122 Hz 93 Hz 80 Hz
105 kHz 204 Hz 164 Hz 128 Hz 97 Hz 84 Hz
110 kHz 214 Hz 172 Hz 134 Hz 102 Hz 88 Hz
115 kHz 224 Hz 180 Hz 140 Hz 107 Hz 92 Hz
120 kHz 233 Hz 188 Hz 146 Hz 112 Hz 96 Hz
125 kHz 243 Hz 196 Hz 153 Hz 116 Hz 100 Hz
130 kHz 253 Hz 203 Hz 159 Hz 121 Hz 104 Hz
Note: These values are only an example of which frequencies a monitor uses in the case of a given resolution. In no case can you expect that a 14-inch monitor with 30 kHz can run in the resolution 1600x1200 with 23 Hz. Real renewal frequencies depend on the given monitor.
18.5.2 Categorization of CRT monitors by mask type
At present, we can meet with three types of mask in CRT monitors.
1. Cathode display with dot mask.
Most frequently is used a display with a dot mask. In front of the screen there is a dotted invar foil where display points are separated. The quality of the resulting image is proportional to the distance of the dots in this mask. The lower the distance, the better quality the image. Currently this distance is in the range 0.25 ? 0.28 mm.
2. Cathode display with the slot grid .
Newer types of display use a grid with pre-stressed wires in the vertical direction. To ensure the stability of this sort of grid, there are two wires whose shades are apparently visible in the display. This type of design is used in monitors like: SONY, TRINITRON, and MITSUBHITSHI DIAMONDTRON. Their advantage is the excellent quality of colors and higher contrast and brightness
3. Cathode display with slot mask .
The new display combines a slot grid with a dot mask.
18.5.3 What minimum requirements a monitor should fulfill
When buying a new monitor, you should in the first place realize that in working with it your eyes are in a game. Accordingly, if we have a good quality monitor, your eyes do not get tired so quickly and strained. Therefore don't skimp, invest in a high quality monitor. It should comply with the following requirements: in the working resolution a renewal frequency of at least 85 Hz plus some of the certificates MPR-II, TCO' 95, TCO' 99, and EPA EnergyStar. The image should be quality, stable, and not blinking, small distances between points (0.28 mm good, 0.26 mm excellent, 0.24 mm the best), moir? control, digital control, on screen menu (OSM), and horizontal frequency: with a 15-inch model of at least 70 kHz, with a 17-inch model at least 86 kHz, with a 19-inch model at least 96 kHz.
18.5.4 What is the most appropriate resolution for monitors.
The important criterion is the real resolution that can be used in a given monitor in relation to its diagonal.
Display size 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200
14'' Recommended Useable Unusable Unusable Unusable
15'' Useable Recommended Exceptional Unusable Unusable
17'' Useable Useable Recommended Useable Unusable
19'' Useable Useable Recommended Recommended Useable
21'' Useable Useable Useable Recommended Useable
In conclusion: Do not use the monitor in a resolution other than those recommended, even if only to a limited extent, otherwise you can overfatigue your eyes.
18.5.5 Radiation and ergonomics
VGreat attention is paid to the damaging effects of monitors on humans. In the course of working at a PC often there are headaches and deterioration of sight. These problems are due to the wrong working environment and wrong setting of the display system.
Some practical advice:
1. Place great importance on the correct layout of surrounding light sources reflecting off the monitor and diminishing the readability of the text
2. Use the recommended resolution for a given monitor
3. Renewal frequency at least 85 Hz
Radiation load in front of the monitor :
Range of monitor radiation Standard as per. MPR II Standard as per TCO 95
Electric field V/m 5 Hz ? 2 kHz 25 10
Electric field V/m 2 kHz ? 400 kHz 2,5 1
Magnetic field V/m 5 Hz ? 2 kHz 250 200
Magnetic field V/m 2 kHz ? 400 kHz 25 25
Radiation load in an environment :
Environment Underground garage Railway station in Munich Apartment in Munich Forest
Electric field V/m 5 Hz ? 2 kHz
Electric field V/m 2 kHz ? 400 kHz
Magnetic field V/m 5 Hz ? 2 kHz
Magnetic field V/m 2 kHz ? 400 kHz
The most important point with ergonomics evaluation is the maximum frequency of image renewal in various resolutions. The main requirement is a uniform shining display, without blinking or flickering of the image. The second parameter is the anti-reflection feature of the surface of the display. A quality monitor must have a stable display in transits from clear into dark picture, while replaying a video and clear switching in the course of changing the resolution of the screen.
18.5.6 Terms and abbreviations
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube): the cathode ray tube is used in classical monitors. The picture is formed through a continually renewed electron beam on a screen covered by a luminescent material
Degaussing (or de-magnetizing): removal of any distortion due to magnetizing the screen.
Color temperature: defines character of white color established on the screen of the display through the rate of basic colors ? red, green, and blue.
Convergence (taper): controlling rays of the basic color so that they establish with line. Errors in this feature result in a worsening sharpness and color hues mainly in white lines.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): (liquid crystal display): flat displays based on using changes in the optical features of so-called liquid crystals in relation to the changes of an electric field acting upon them
Moire: nunwanted disturbing patterns of a wave character due to interference between image elements, the defined image signal, and the actual decomposition of image elements defined on the retina via the mask or the grid of the display.
Renewal frequency of the image (often only 'refre') determines the number of complete renderings of the image per second.
Spacing of image points is the smallest diagonal distance between image points of the same color; at present gap spacing is given also for the horizontal which are smaller and comparable to the spacing of a strip of the same color, given for a screen with an aperture grid.
VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association), is the organization dealing with standards for video and communication between the monitor and the graphical card.
TCO There is frequently seen a sticker on monitors stating 'TCO95' or 'TCO99'. What in fact does this logo mean? It is the certificate of an organization (Swedish Trade Unions), http://www.tco-info.com) in cooperation with the Swedish Nature Protection organization and NUTEK (National Swedish Commission for Industrial Development) who appraise the relationship of a given monitor (or other device) to the environment and health of the user. Gradually, there have been established the following standards: MPR I (1990). MPR II (1991), TCO 92 (1992), TCO 95 (1995), TCO (1998). The better the monitor complies with a standard the better quality of the monitor. Today, the minimum requirement is that monitors should comply with the standard TCO 95. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8574342727661133}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '30386', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KQG6I42UX6V7AQPACQ6OXGT3DXULGOP7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0c6705a0-1d11-45b5-a703-1e08c22c58cb>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 5, 53, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '109.71.70.60', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XAIFT7C5KCPQCFR3W3IRO7AXMAFZ24JU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:dc383d8d-d9f1-44b3-9dcf-1c7dab09656a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.netgraphics.sk/monitors', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:54bd2470-b512-4ecb-ba9c-af978ac7a753>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1801', 'url': 'http://www.netgraphics.sk/monitors', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-93-200-49.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4084010720252991', 'original_id': '66990b0eab91489d2a73848589d3ea59c60d5d94b25cffaba4f0e0fe62beef62'} |
Why is SSB Screening Test a Nightmare?
Getting screened out is indeed a very disheartening experience. A candidate puts in several months of hard work before reaching the SSB and getting screened out can be devastating. I have seen several candidates weeping at the SSB when they are asked to board the bus. In my seven years of guiding defence aspirants, I have heard several questions on screening and I tried my best to answer these but the nature of the test being practical, it becomes difficult to explain theoretically. Often candidate mention that they narrated the story well and also discussed it well and yet they got screened out. The fact of the matter is the quality of the story is equally important. Further just speaking a number of times during the discussion will not be enough. The candidate has to prove himself to be effective in the group.
The second myth is about OIR test which is conducted as part of the screening process. Many candidates feel that it may be because of OIR that they did not make it. But the reality is that OIR plays much less role. If we go by statistics, whenever a large number of candidates take a test the result resembles a normal or bell curve. Since OIR is measured on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being the best and 5 being the worst, the mean, median and mode is OIR 3 which is acceptable. This means 50 % of the candidates are well within the passable range. For the remaining who have scored OIR 4 and 5, if they perform well in the PP&DT, and if the assessors feel that the candidate has the potential, he will be screened in. Thus, screening heavily depends on one’s performance in the PP&DT.
When it comes to PP&DT there are three aspects that are closely seen. Firstly, the quality of the story. The story must closely relate to the image shown and must involve action. Most commonly made mistakes are as follows:-
1. Several candidates write stories that are not originated from the image and these are termed as preconceived or premeditated synthetic stories.
2. Many candidates show a very low-level imagination with no action in their story. Unless the main character is involved in some positive action, the story will not be appealing.
3. Some candidates insert a superficial problem and make the main character solve the problem. This again is a sure way to getting screened out.
In narration, the assessors get to see the candidate’s confidence and communication skills. If these are not adequate and if the candidate is not able to briefly narrate the story, his chances of getting eliminated are very high as such candidates won’t be able to perform in stage two testing. Hence narrating confidently and clearly is very important.
Finally, the discussion is very important. Several candidates tend to speak with the crowd and keep repeating their own story without understanding the purpose of the discussion. The purpose of the discussion is to come to a common story and any candidate trying to contribute towards this objective is seen favourably. Avoid the following during the discussion:-
1. Avoid selling your own story unless you are really convinced that your story is the best
2. Try and promote the story that appeals to you OR
3. Promote a common theme that may have been narrated by many
It really doesn’t matter if your story gets selected as the common story or not. Further, avoid volunteering to narrate the common story to the assessors. If you are good the group will automatically nominate you. Hence don’t be seen as a selfish person by self-nominating yourself.
In the end, I am sure many who read this blog may not be able to comprehend what I mean as it’s not easy to understand something that’s so dynamic. It was this reason that I made a video product Mantras to Crack the Screening Test” (available at amazon.in) wherein I have shot 6 live PP&DT and explained every aspect of it at every stage. Almost all candidates went on to clear the screening and many have also cleared the SSB. Unfortunately, it comes at a small price as there are costs associated with it. But, I am sure it will help several aspirants who are struggling with the screening.
More often what the candidates think is the right story may not be the right one. Hence, understanding the basics is very important. To this end, I am confident that “Mantras to Crack the Screening Test” will help you get through this nightmare. For all those who think Screening test will be replaced in the new DENOVO system must know that the new system has been put on hold by services as it has several limitations.
Get It
Get SSB Dates and Notification In your Inbox !
You May Also Like | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9734296798706056}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '71393', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JI3XWTHHLNTFOONG5ALUV2PK3QELIFTM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:31e6da99-df9e-4b9d-8ba1-207336b44d0b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 22, 20, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '139.59.76.208', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CGVRMHQZGPAL4YOBEJK3IJFZJYMQZ5CU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:57a0e0aa-5f93-4484-8285-fabc7ef19610>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.ssbcrack.com/2018/10/why-is-ssb-screening-test-a-nightmare.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d1e64d32-35cc-4334-9536-5c5417eb5361>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '818', 'url': 'https://www.ssbcrack.com/2018/10/why-is-ssb-screening-test-a-nightmare.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-98-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01971215009689331', 'original_id': '48eb266182f07f16b9076c763fb20524d9f33ed6c3eb3674945dec01b6070f90'} |
Assef Chaoukat () (né à Tartous le - mort à Damas le ) est un homme politique et responsable des renseignements syriens.
Parcours
Il entre à la faculté militaire et devient, en 1979, officier de l’armée de terre. Il intègre une unité spéciale qui participe aux événements de Hama en 1982, où le régime réprima le sang la révolte de la population.
Chaoukat est accusé d’avoir mené plusieurs opérations de terrorisme d’État à l’étranger pour le compte du régime syrien.
Fin , les ambassadeurs de Jordanie en Inde et en Italie sont blessés par balles. La même année, plusieurs diplomates jordaniens sont grièvement blessés. Le , une bombe explose à l'extérieur de l'hôtel InterContinental de Amman pendant la visite de la reine Elizabeth II dans la capitale jordanienne. Le , le premier conseiller à l'ambassade de Jordanie en Roumanie est assassiné par balle alors qu'il emmenait son fils de cinq ans à l'école.
Chaoukat a aussi été accusé d'être derrière l', ainsi que l'assassinat du premier conseiller à l' en .
Cette campagne sanglante serait un message envoyé à la Jordanie et à la Turquie afin qu’elles cessent d’accueillir des opposants à Hafez el-Assad.
Vice-ministre syrien de la Défense d' à sa mort, il est le mari de Bouchra al-Assad, sœur aînée du président Bachar el-Assad. À l'automne 1999, Maher al-Assad, frère cadet de Bachar, se dispute avec Assef Chaoukat et lui tire à bout portant dans l'estomac.
Chaoukat est discrètement soigné en France..
Il est par la suite devenu un important dirigeant des services de renseignements.
Responsable de la protection de Imad Moughnieh, son assassinat par le Mossad au cœur de Damas en 2008 accélère la disgrâce de Chaoukat
Lors du conflit syrien de 2011-2012, Assef Chaoukat fait l'objet de sanctions internationales. Il meurt le à la suite d'un attentat. Certaines hypothèses imputent cet attentat au régime lui-même, n'appréciant pas que Chaoukat pousse vers un dialogue avec l'opposition
Références
Lien externe
Ministère syrien de la Défense, site officiel gouvernemental.
Naissance à Tartous
Naissance en janvier 1950
Étudiant de l'université de Damas
Personnalité alaouite
Militaire syrien du XXe siècle
Militaire syrien du XXIe siècle
Dirigeant de service de renseignement
Général syrien
Personnalité du printemps arabe
Personnalité politique syrienne assassinée
Victime d'attentat
Victime du terrorisme islamiste
Mort lors de la guerre civile syrienne
Décès à Damas
Décès en juillet 2012
Décès à 62 ans | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assef%20Chaoukat', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Assef Chaoukat', 'creator': 'https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assef Chaoukat&action=history', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '393', 'token_count': '702', '__index_level_0__': '24966', 'original_id': 'f944963b9157779e4f2e315190170659c8dfca1725525435ec890f5f103a3912'} |
© REUTERS/Yves Herman
The OPCW has issued its first report explicitly blaming Syria's government for chemical attacks on civilians, pointing to three incidents in 2017 and saying there're "reasonable grounds" to believe the air force was responsible.
"Attacks of such a strategic nature would have only taken place on the basis of orders from the higher authorities of the Syrian Arab Republic military command," Investigation and Identification Team (IIT) coordinator Santiago Oñate-Laborde said. In the end, the ITT "was unable to identify any other plausible explanation," he added.
The chemical weapons watchdog maintains that Syrian Arab Air Force pilots flying a Sukhoi Su-22 military plane dropped a sarin bomb in southern Ltamenah on March 24, 2017. On March 25, the OPCW claims, a helicopter belonging to the Syrian Arab Air Force dropped a chlorine cylinder on the Ltamenah hospital which went through the roof and ruptured. Another bomb containing Sarin was dropped in southern Ltamenah on March 30 by an Su-22 military plane, the report said.
OPCW Director-General Fernando Arias noted in a statement that the IIT is "not a judicial or quasi-judicial body with the authority to assign individual criminal responsibility." It is now up to the Executive Council and the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the United Nations Secretary-General, and the international community as a whole "to take any further action they deem appropriate and necessary."
While the mainstream media will likely take the latest claims from the OPCW entirely at face value, the new report comes as the watchdog is embroiled in a major whistleblower scandal over alleged inconsistencies in a previous probe into a separate "chemical attack" in Douma in 2018, which at the time was used to justify US, British and French airstrikes on Syria.
But two former senior OPCW inspectors had revealed that the watchdog had tried to cover up inconvenient evidence in the Douma investigation, which did not suit the mainstream Damascus-blaming story. Veteran inspector Ian Henderson and another former employee known as 'Alex' challenged the organization's narrative which too strongly implied the government's responsibility, but the OPCW has since tried to discredit them.
In mid-March, a fourth whistleblower came forward to support their claim, saying that other employees had been "frightened into silence."
Henderson, who led the probe on the ground in Douma, had concluded that cylinders were likely manually placed on the ground, indicating the attack could have been staged by anti-government militias to frame the Syrian government — but his evidence was dismissed without explanation.
The fourth whistleblower said Henderson and 'Alex' were "trying to protect the integrity of the organization which has been hijacked and brought into shameful disrepute." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '51', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.970590591430664}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '107991', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TTMGAXMXT2UTCU7DH7SYVS37DUUNQ6CS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:10078a13-2677-48a5-9192-e8adbb7ce74d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 3, 0, 17, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.72.133', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7NFT4QTGSOALAULX2DGLAZAVVMVXVTXL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:98370a92-5231-4a3d-a891-19ae07e2f6f6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.sott.net/article/432163-OPCW-points-finger-at-Syrian-government-for-2017-chemical-attacks-amid-whistleblowers-scandal', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:36fd85b1-0f3c-4511-bec3-dd3adbe0419a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '433', 'url': 'https://www.sott.net/article/432163-OPCW-points-finger-at-Syrian-government-for-2017-chemical-attacks-amid-whistleblowers-scandal', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-182.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03746086359024048', 'original_id': 'add82b57339d1f56732ccfccd3f03ce6718e5282622d709be6fe720efb9a75b5'} |
Switzerland has just announced plans to launch a pilot program that will allow for the creation of cannabis clubs in a handful of large Swiss cities.
The program would allow for cannabis clubs to be opened in Zurich, Basel, Bern, and Geneva, and would be part of a larger attempt to test out what more liberal marijuana laws might look like in the European country.
In 2013, Switzerland decriminalized marijuana, changing its laws so that possession of 10 grams or less of cannabis would result in only a small fine of 100 francs, which is more or less equivalent to $100.
Recognizing that at least 500,000 people report regularly using marijuana, Swiss lawmakers and activists have proposed the new cannabis club idea as a way to make legal marijuana use more accessible to its people.
But the clubs won’t be a free-for-all. Initial reports indicate that the cannabis clubs will be closely monitored and tightly regulated. In the early phases of the pilot program, only 2,000 people will be allowed to use the clubs.
In order to qualify for access to cannabis clubs, a person must be dealing with some sort of drug-related problem or health condition.
While many in the broader cannabis community see this as a possible step forward for both Switzerland and the entire European Union, many Swiss lawmakers have voiced concern with the idea.
The question of whether or not to allow cannabis clubs has been a hot topic in Switzerland since 2014.
Many conservative politicians have argued that marijuana is a hard drug, and have claimed that making cannabis more accessible could lead to increased drug problems in the country.
Others have made the case that cannabis clubs could be an effective way to combat the black market, allowing for legally controlled, monitored, and regulated marijuana sales and use.
While plans to open the clubs in Zurich, Basel, Bern, and Geneva appear to be on track, any further developments of the plan would require approval from both regional and federal governments. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '5af3ee3fce9234e4b662e0e99227ce2b3f2c665b251c0566a845ac1c4115ea71'} |
Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Gene Expression, Immunity, and ATP Levels in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.
With the emergence of several infectious diseases in shrimp aquaculture, there is a growing interest in the use of feed additives to enhance shrimp immunity. Recently, the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a non-protein amino acid that plays a rate-limiting role in heme biosynthesis, has received attention for its positive effect on immunity in livestock animals. To evaluate the effect of 5-ALA in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, we conducted microarray analysis, a Vibrio parahaemolyticus immersion challenge test, an ATP level assay, and gene expression analysis of some hemoproteins and genes associated with heme synthesis and degradation. Out of 15,745 L. vannamei putative genes on the microarray, 101 genes were differentially expressed by more than fourfold (p < 0.05) between 5-ALA-supplemented and control shrimp hepatopancreas. 5-ALA upregulated 99 of the 101 genes, 41 of which were immune- and defense-related genes based on sequence homology. Compared to the control, the 5-ALA-supplemented group had a higher survival rate in the challenge test, higher transcript levels of porphobilinogen synthase, ferrochelatase, catalase, nuclear receptor E75, and heme oxygenase-1 and higher levels of ATP. These findings suggest that dietary 5-ALA enhanced the immune response of L. vannamei to V. parahaemolyticus, upregulated immune- and defense-related genes, and enhanced aerobic energy metabolism, respectively. Further studies are needed to elucidate the extent of 5-ALA use in shrimp culture. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f5438c6374ac953ffdc1cdbad2aa92d975ef50a382d5395385f92ac1a0bb80b3'} |
Mele | |
[before_listing images= youtube=null] Hello my name is Jose Melendez Im a 24 year old veteran with a wife. Sorry for the terrible grammar, my interest is in making a community with people in new england that want to move to the northwest united states. Its time to stop messing around and start planning, sometimes i think most people on here like the idea of going off grid but will never commit, so i say to anyone in my area, or anyone interested please reply to my post.
My plan is to get enough people to go into the wilderness of the rockies in canada or in the US but close to the border, no land to be bought, just go into the wilderness so deep that the possibility of being found is near impossible. Why so deep, becuase none of us have $50,000 for land. Our ancestors would look at us with shame if they could see our society, They themselves ventured off into the unknown and settled so why cant we. Imagine the settlers of this country, they explored and settled the west with far less technology and supply than we will have.
It isnt impossible but it does take people, and cooperation, Im not saying that we will banish ourselves from society permanently, But those are things to discuss with the group to be, so if your not serious and dont have the courage to venture off into the unknown then dont respond to this post, but if you feel the way i feel and are willing to give everything up for a chance at real life, then its time to start planning with me.
RELATED POST UK based couple wanting to live off Grid asap
DO you want to be arround when this country fails, do you really want your kids growing up with the values being pumped into them by the hipno box (TV), think about how much tv you yourself watch, and its only getting worse. Living life slaving away trying to hang onto as much of that green paper as you can just so you can retire when your body is already broken is not living. Instead we should live they way of barter, trade and farming.
Whose with me, are there any real people left out there?[landbuddy_listing youtube=null]
For more stories from search here
19 Responses to “time to stop messing around”
1. Cameron Coelho
Greetings Jose!
I know I’m posting on a thread that is at least a year and four months old, but if you are still here in CT and want to get out of here just as much as I do, I am aiming for the Los Angeles-ish area. Not the Northwest as you’ve detailed, though I feel we can still benefit from working together and helping each other. If you’re in Avon, I’m a ~30min drive away from you a few towns South of the river. Please add me on Twitter @Camco2242 and we can initially connect that way and go further from there.
Semper Amare,
2. vinesh1human
august this year
3. Mele
im feeling the pressure too, im in the process of gathering supplies and people, then ill try it… whats everyone else’s time line looking like?
4. Tom and Joanne
I agree, I’ve been wanting to prep for a disaster or government take down but it’s financially impossible unless you have unlimited finances to do this. It won’t be long before something happens, it’s probably already in the planning process but our gov’t. won’t tell us. The less they let us know the better it is for them. Being near a coast or inner/metro city is not a good place…preppers suggest you get 5-10,000 ft. in elevation the higher the better and if possible get at least 20 ft. underground with your supplies. Unfortunately we would actually have to hide from our own people and gov’t. as they do have FEMA camps and they are not there to help us survive….can’t go into detail on here but it’s true. Deep into a national forest is great if it’s high enough and desolute enough not to be found by the military. We’re interested if the location is right. Willing to pitch in, help one another to survive what may come.
5. Mika
Hello, I’m a 19 year old male and I’ve been thinking a similar idea since the summer; just heading out to there and surviving. I would love to come with you and help out to the best that I could while getting away from civilization! Shoot me an email at
6. King Raah Ben Yahweh
Please. Contact me I’m ready to go off the grid u are rite dooms day is at hand on Amerikkk
7. steve
ALRDO53, army vet here, (not penniless, but not rich either) I can imagine how many freeloaders and burnouts want to a free ride or a meal ticket, but where does someone go who only wants to escape from the matrix? I woke up with an epiphany about 3 years ago, after realizing the lie that was the “American Dream” was not making me happy, but miserable instead. I worked 12-15 hours a day in the oil field, and realized that I was giving up so much of my life for a new car that sat in my driveway and a new house that I rarely ever got to enjoy, because I was never at home to sleep in the house or drive the car. I quit the oilfield job, gave up the good pay, sold the new car, and rented the new house. I found that I had more autonomy, and more happiness working for meals on wheels, delivering food to senior citizens, though my pay has been reduced significantly. Can you advise where there are communities already in place?
8. vinesh
the sooner the better
9. vinesh
hey guys
i am getting tired of finding new websites everyday to find like minded people, although this one seems a bit promising. i live in india and am willing to do anything to live with people with the same thoughts and when i started to talk about living a new way of life to my family, some of my friends they started to think i was crazy. my mother even suggested that i see a doctor. when did it become crazy to be free, to do anything you want without keeping track of time, or when did it become crazy when a person wants to be happy all the time without money being involved. i have been thinking about this for like a year or two and i have been searching for people for the past five months. everytime i feel let down there is always a new group out there thinking the same which gives me the strength to continue. is it possible for me to come live with you guys if you form a tribe. if anyone is still out there contact me at
Nature bless you,
10. Mele
thanks again for the posts, i know that the northwest is horrible in the winter, but its unfortunately some of the only wilderness left, and I’m not talking about some cheesy state forest the size of CT I’m talking about a state forest 4 times the size of CT lol, our species is growing too fast and i don’t want to be around the day we get too big…
once I finish establishing my back up plan, ill head out and try it for a while, and if i cant hack it i can always come back… we have to at least try…
11. ALRDO53
Greg, Sorry to tell you that your wrong.
If you build it they might come.. If they do come they will come pennyless and come to mooch off of you. Nobody that has come to our community has done what they said they would do. This has been going on now for a little over three years now. Yes they will come for a free ride and not work to better the community…
12. Greg Canicio
Build it and they will come. Or like some have said join a community that already started the same dream. Permaculture is definitely the key to living a better life, or at least a life closer to nature, learn and practice. It also doesn’t apply only to agriculture, it’s a state of mind! We’re also on our way to living off the grid and I totally aggree with the land not being anyone’s to sell but that’s an old story now…we’re creating an artist collective off the grid in the woods but keeping it close to NYC for the familly who want to stay put qhere they are.
13. RT
I’m a former Army Veteran with a 13 year old Daughter. We are prepared better than most. I’ve been researching remote living in the wilderness. The winters up there are extremely harsh and the growing seasons are short.
Lets communicate.
14. Doug
AMEN! I have been wanting to do something like this for so long. However, I can’t find one person who has the guts to get off the couch and do it. I live in NC, but have always dreamed of going to the untamed Alaska. Mostly because it is almost impossible to be followed up there, and because I like the idea of snow and cold winters. Anyways , if it would be ok with you I would love to talk to you.
15. Mele
thank god some posts, thank you to all who replied and more specifically Micheal Ferrally, do you live close to avon ct im not familiar with the area if so we should meet up some time and talk ideas.
16. Michael Farrelly
I’m not messing around either my friend. I agree with you that society and pop culture is a sad joke and so destructive in many ways to both our fellow man and the land we populate. I live in Westfield Mass and I am most assuredly heading northwest this coming summer!!! I am so intensely inspired to head out there and start the community I know is possible. I currently have no exact plans other what I am aiming for is a deep forested area near northwest Montana or further north which is close to a lake large enough to support the common loon. I would love to talk about this further with you and hear your opinions and plans! Permaculture is the way to go as Daniel says. So many great skills and techniques to benefit from within its circles.
17. Daniel
Man, i love your passion. I understand you have a dream and serious desire to get out. My honest advise is to join up with a permaculture group who have already built the society you dream of. there are many many around the usa and before you disappear there is much knowledge to be learnt and shared with you family from other familys with hope and care. you have courage so take the first step to connect with the people who have paved the way for you. just research permaculture and first read bill mollisons guide to permaculture to grasp the basic principles. then you are on your way armed with the right information. the positive powerful knowledge so you can keep a bright future. love from shanghai / new zealand. daniel
18. Gulo
I live in central Oregon, if you need ideas of places to go where no one will bother you off grid stay away from the coast and east of the cascades. Far less people out here in the high desert. If you need any more help figuring it out, hit me up. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '44', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9609208106994628}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '96979', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SGSAM7YGG6IRIUYRJBC6PRQSKU6JLTY3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2f9c43c7-3ce2-4ce7-a148-c2443a418c2e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 14, 35, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.189.93.141', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:U5OHMH76K2DO2APB2JBPQ3KMBLADFFW2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9cc51ab-7bea-4457-92a9-2256bff62185>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.off-grid.net/stop-messing-around/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1db2a022-605e-43b3-9acf-ed162fb772af>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2024', 'url': 'https://www.off-grid.net/stop-messing-around/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-45-27.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019662916660308838', 'original_id': '8709442442bca54453817ab52736d75d1940d8430c63cefd230350baba1f4bf2'} |
Strictly Anonymous
Fred recently came out as bisexual to his wife and she was totally okay with it, but he still has a secret he's not sharing with her. What exactly is he doing behind her back? Why hasn't he told her? Does he ever plan on telling her? Tune in to find out plus hear all about how he came out as bisexual to his wife, why she wasn't surprised that he was attracted to men, how he got her into pegging him and a whole lot more.
**For a link to what's he's secretly been up to, tune in to the end of the podcast. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9977370500564576}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '16945', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ULPQ4LIDA4KIGRGPKNNE6PB7XM4LSOEF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:390e74d1-51fc-482b-9470-97b3c307012d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 25, 3, 48, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '204.16.246.222', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PC6VD3WPE4QKL4HGAC6BTMJTHE6TVXQ4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:881b031a-39c5-420e-bef1-3f0c442e3315>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://strictlyanonymous.libsyn.com/310-fred-recently-came-out-as-bisexual-to-his-wife', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:aea05f14-540e-4b3e-a92e-8d39831ee2a3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '106', 'url': 'https://strictlyanonymous.libsyn.com/310-fred-recently-came-out-as-bisexual-to-his-wife', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-31\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July/August 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-248.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9788194298744202', 'original_id': '6c953db1a433974cbe72142312dfdd52bb99ea02276c0212aeddddf29e77f121'} |
Dismiss Notice
Dismiss Notice
Join Physics Forums Today!
Steel bar
1. May 8, 2009 #1
a steel bar 1 " sauare 6 ' long is to be used as a column.ends are free to rotate put may not be displaced stress is limited to 30,000 psi.
i believe my teacher expect conform code AISC.
Last edited: May 8, 2009
2. jcsd
3. May 8, 2009 #2
The answer depends on whether your teacher expects a design conform to codes, for example AISC, CISC, etc. It may be that he covered Euler buckling and simply the theoretical load is required. The context will determine the exact answer.
Meanwhile, it would be advantageous to Google the subject "Euler buckling" and do some research or studies. An article that seems to be quite adequate is:
And the Euler buckling load/stress formulae are presented in the article.
4. May 8, 2009 #3
User Avatar
Staff: Mentor
You need to show us the relevant equations and your attempt at a solution before we can help you on your question.
Similar Discussions: Steel bar
1. Corrosion of STEEL (Replies: 4)
2. Steel rope (Replies: 8)
3. About steel (Replies: 5) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '22', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8813537359237671}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '56216', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MTIFYX6CX7FGLZNAXOA3W6NMARVGOVCY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3a20225d-a8ff-4a20-9f43-67673d8bd809>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 6, 23, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.86.200.109', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WN5TBHGXBC2AYGRMSUELPYH7SQBCGT3C', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0176bc37-0266-4f53-b87b-f4c073327793>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/steel-bar.312812/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f3dccbc9-e991-4a3f-a475-ded8f6a5fd0b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '236', 'url': 'https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/steel-bar.312812/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-136-183-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.43776029348373413', 'original_id': '5b66a6a4246ffdae95a0c3526f869725555a80d41b7c2740e46c277d80c670c3'} |
Video: Verona, Virginia Protest Against Housing Migrant Children
If today’s demonstration in Verona is any indication, the movement to ban migrant children from communities across the nation does not enjoy broad support. A report that such children were being administered at the Shenandoah Valley Juvenile Detention Center brought an immediate effort to organize a local protest for today.
But one story in Verona was that the counter-demonstration brought out just as many people who support following the laws regarding the processing of migrant children. Another story is that both groups got along without incident mostly by ignoring each other. They marched to the protest site, the highway 612 I-81 overpass, on opposite sides of the west bound lane. At the bridge, they kept their integrity, left and right of center.
Local tea party leader Dr. Edward Long claimed no role in organizing today’s protest when contacted by the local newspaper. However, if t-shirt slogans and bumper stickers are any indication, the protesters share most of the tea party attitudes and political perceptions. Virginia Organizing member Barbara Lee indicated that group was involved in the counter-demonstration.
The press was there. The interviews were the normal shallow questions about the questions of the day. One interview with a woman who said she legally immigrated from Canada demonstrated a typical personal anecdotal depth of knowledge that is so lazily generalized. Her chief complaint seemed to stem from the requirement for her to have gone through a laborious and costly process to immigrate that migrants were managing to avoid. How quickly she has adapted the conservative attitude Lowell mentioned at the end of his piece about Senator Warren just yesterday. But the fact is that migrants who enter without application stand to face a much more laborious and costly experience with far less chance of success.
The other subject in which the protesters seem completely steeped is the human trafficking aspect of the issue. However, it seemed they were mixing and matching trafficking and transportation together so that it made more sense to them. Scratching the surface of any aspect of the current migrant situation does neither side of the debate any favors.
What should be apparent to all sides of this issue is that our current immigration system is antiquated and ineffective. They should be at their Congressional Representative’s office demanding immigration reform, not grandstanding on a bridge shouting into the wind. And there won’t be any progress at all if both sides continue to ignore each other.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '34', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9700713157653807}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '132849', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KHBWZ6Q6LFGCUFLYABN3ML2VZIH4Y5AD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:83d586da-e36d-489f-a66a-8b77efcfeae9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 5, 0, 6, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.113.249.199', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OJZPJO46QV7HBDOGJXMF3FER4CO75IPA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d777864a-eb47-4be0-86a6-506da061d337>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bluevirginia.us/2014/07/verona-protest-against-housing-migrant-children', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3e4f805f-98dc-431b-a84f-442310eacd4f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '456', 'url': 'https://bluevirginia.us/2014/07/verona-protest-against-housing-migrant-children', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-134.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04373776912689209', 'original_id': 'b4e25c0341bf24a3a6520c3089826922b8bcc5f92a6a5f761e861ba0d2823cac'} |
The inhibition of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by neoxanthin in hamster buccal pouch.
Neoxanthin, a major carotenoid pigment of spinach, is found in the Chloroplast membrane and has an unknown function in plants. Neoxanthin inhibited the production of superoxide anions in an artificial xanthine and xanthine oxidase system and depressed DNA synthesis in methylcholanthrene (MCA)-initiated C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts. in two-stage carcinogenesis experiments, neoxanthin at 0.2 micrograms/0.2 ml inhibited the formation of tumors that were induced sequentially by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the buccal pouch of Syrian Golden hamsters. To assess the ongoing process of carcinogenesis, the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), required for cell proliferation, was analyzed. Neoxanthin inhibited the activity of ODC when animals were treated with neoxanthin one hour before the application of TPA in two-stage carcinogenesis. However, neoxanthin did not inhibit ODC activity when animals were treated with neoxanthin one hour before the application of DMBA in two-stage carcinogenesis, and there was no subsequent tumor formation. In a short-term anti-initiation experiment, neoxanthin inhibited the covalent binding of isotope-labeled DMBA to DNA by 53%. These results indicate that neoxanthin inhibits the initiation stage and the promotion stage in two-stage carcinogenesis. This suggests that neoxanthin may act as a potential chemopreventive agent. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '469d546bd20b6b3913f2cd58232c25f73223192ccc9b4b8b83bdc845aefee6e1'} |
Alfred Morris (university administrator)
Alfred Cosier Morris (born 12 November 1941) is a British academic. He was the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of the West of England in Bristol from 1992 to 2005 and before that was Director of its predecessor, Bristol Polytechnic, from 1986.
Educated at Hymers College, Morris went on to study financial control at the University of Lancaster.
In September 2008, Morris was appointed interim Vice-Chancellor of the University of Wales, Lampeter in order to ensure the creation of a new institution incorporating Trinity University College and University of Wales, Lampeter.
In May 2009 it was announced that Morris had been appointed interim Vice-Chancellor of London Metropolitan University, following the resignation of Brian Roper. He was succeeded in November 2009 by Malcolm Gillies.
References
External links
Notice of honorary degree from Bristol
Category:People associated with the University of Wales, Lampeter
Category:Living people
Category:British academics
Category:People educated at Hymers College
Category:People associated with the University of the West of England, Bristol
Category:People associated with London Metropolitan University
Category:1941 births
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Gloucestershire
Category:Alumni of Lancaster University | mini_pile | {'original_id': '36dab3203a350306379de2c5b3d293365ce34ec67ec54c4fc92d979ce45426ef'} |
A 78-year-old man from Lauderdale County became the state's second death victim of the novel coronavirus COVID-19, according to media reports and social media posts from his family.
The Times Daily reported on Wednesday that Albert Johnson Trousdale of Elgin was diagnosed with COVID-19 and on Thursday, reported that he had died from the disease.
"Johnson went to join Nicky in Heaven this morning. He will be missed by so many people. Please pray for Nancy, Julie, Matt and Nicole. Details of Funeral Arrangements will be announced at a later time," a post on the Albert Trousdale's Recovery and Updates Facebook page stated on Thursday morning.
Lauderdale County has seven confirmed cases of COVID-19, as of Thursday afternoon. As a state, Alabama has 472, with 47 of the state's 67 counties having a confirmed case.
The first coronavirus death was confirmed by Gov. Kay Ivey Wednesday evening, out of Jackson County.
When asked to confirm or deny whether Trousdale was the second coronavirus death, the Alabama Public Health Department responded via email that the, "ADPH conducts a complete investigation of any death reported in persons infected with COVID-19 before including this in our official data. If the death is determined to be COVID-19-related, our dashboard will show this."
The coronavirus COVID-19 causes flu- and pneumonia-like illnesses in those young and relatively healthy, though some experts caution it is still more dangerous and intense than the average flu for many patients.
But it can be deadly, particularly in those older than 60 or with pre-existing health conditions, and young people may be transmitting the virus without even knowing it, says Alabama Emergency Management Agency Director Brian Hastings.
Alabama cases by county:
Autauga (6)
Baldwin (4)
Blount (2)
Bullock (1)
Butler (1)
Calhoun (2)
Chambers (9)
Cherokee (1)
Chilton (4)
Choctaw (1)
Clay (1)
Cleburne (1)
Colbert (1)
Coosa (1)
Cullman (6)
Dallas (3)
DeKalb (1)
Elmore (10)
Etowah (3)
Franklin (2)
Houston (3)
Jackson (3)
Jefferson (144)
Lamar (1)
Lauderdale (7)
Lawrence (2)
Lee (45)
Limestone (11)
Lowndes (1)
Madison (39)
Marengo (1)
Marion (7)
Marshall (3)
Mobile (16)
Montgomery (16)
Morgan (8)
Pickens (1)
Pike (2)
Russell (1)
St. Clair (6)
Shelby (50)
Talladega (4)
Tallapoosa (4)
Tuscaloosa (17)
Walker (18)
Washington (1)
Wilcox (1)
Coronavirus Map: Tracking the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Contagion | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd5af62cfe04e92d2f9c382a7bfd9161cf3b1a0b1e0dd9a80a54bf67b76842156'} |
Tell me more ×
I have the following:
An environment that is working like a hash for rows in a data frame. For example, the environment "inc" has key "hello" and get("hello", envir = inc) will return "row1" "row2" "row50" where these are names to the rows in a data frame. After I select these rows for a key in the environment, I want perform colSums on them.
The environment has roughly 400,000 entries and I want create a new data frame with 400,000 rows based on these colSums. I have working code that basically uses lapply/foreach to do this and I've used it on a small subset of the data... but it is INCREDIBLY slow. As in... it's been running for 20 minutes on 3 cores using doMC and it's still not done. Here is the code:
incCounts <- foreach(key = ls(inc)) %dopar% {
transNames <- get(key, envir = inc)
transCounts <- df[transNames, ]
if ( ! is.null(dim(transCounts)) )
transCounts <- colSums(transCounts)
incCounts <-
EDIT: Here is an example of what I'm trying to do with a data.frame and data.table:
transEnv <- new.env(hash = TRUE)
assign("hash1", paste("trans", 2:4, sep = ""), envir = transEnv)
assign("hash2", paste("trans", c(1, 3), sep = ""), envir = transEnv)
df <- data.frame(matrix(rnorm(5 * 4), nrow = 4, ncol = 5))
rownames(df) <- paste("trans", 1:4, sep = "")
colSums(df[transEnv$hash1, ]) # what I want
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
0.9476963 -3.2149230 0.7603257 -1.8494967 1.7569055
dt <- data.table(trans = rownames(df), df)
setkey(dt, trans)
# This isn't working as I expected...
dt[transEnv$hash1, list(sum(X1), sum(X2), sum(X3), sum(X4), sum(X5))]
trans V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
[1,] trans2 -0.1444402 -1.4720633 -0.6135086 1.108451 1.24556891
[2,] trans3 0.7222297 -0.5961595 -0.2163115 -1.097342 0.08785472
[3,] trans4 0.3699069 -1.1467001 1.5901458 -1.860606 0.42348190
Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!
share|improve this question
are you running out of memory? also, have you tried a different parallel backend, say mclapply, instead of foreach? – ALiX Jun 13 '12 at 0:10
add comment
1 Answer
May be appropriate for data.table. See wiki point 5, and this answer. If you do try it, start with vignette('datatable-intro').
To answer the edit, the relevant section of ?data.table is :
So instead of
try :
dt[transEnv$hash1, list(sum(X1),sum(X2),sum(X3),sum(X4),sum(X5)), mult="last"]
dt[transEnv$hash1][, list(sum(X1), sum(X2), sum(X3), sum(X4), sum(X5))]
share|improve this answer
Hi Matthew. Thank you for this. So, I've created a data.table and sorted it by key "transNames". Now, I need a colSum over all columns EXCEPT 'transNames'. I can't actually use "by" because by construction 'transNames' is unique and I have too many different combinations of rows to make it feasible to use "by". I simply want fast access to the data.frame rows. I've tried doing something like DT[c("trans1", "trans2"), list(sum(V1), sum(V2))] but this just returns the DT with rows "trans1" and "trans2". Suggestions? Thanks! – Harold Jun 18 '12 at 19:39
@Harold I don't follow I'm afraid. Can you provide a small example dataset to illustrate input and required output please. – Matt Dowle Jun 18 '12 at 20:20
@Mattew I've updated my question above with an example. – Harold Jun 18 '12 at 20:52
@Harold Thanks, answer to edit added. – Matt Dowle Jun 18 '12 at 22:34
add comment
Your Answer
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '113', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7894270420074463}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '55081', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LXOIJGVAI6MTBXVW4IMGMUAXDLY4H3G5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:34861877-45e5-4bd7-b14a-c25d1a0de721>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 12, 38, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.206.16', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OISIRA32TRRYG6KUQROGGS3RZIKHZ642', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:19a5933a-de09-4029-8c2b-a3319b4bcebc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11005042/repeatedly-sum-a-specific-set-of-rows-in-data-frame', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a703f4e1-3909-4ebc-8f8a-365857d0ef6a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '556', 'url': 'http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11005042/repeatedly-sum-a-specific-set-of-rows-in-data-frame', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9324694871902466', 'original_id': '6ef3dbb6ed95492b22fdbb82ce66f241d80cb636b0e3557c7109ed0f3d5c493d'} |
Saturday, May 23, 2009
Dick and the Big Rock
Blacklie Whiplash here (nee Peter Kirsanow of National Review) took time away from barbershop quartet practice long enough to write a glowing defense of Dick Cheney's torture speech this week at the American Enterprise Institute. In it he posited the ever-pertinent question on everyone's minds these days:
"When that big asteroid finally heads toward Earth, who's the person you'd most want to be in charge?"
and concluded:
"I suspect Cheney would score at or near the top."
Now, never ones to question the veracity of anything coming from National Review we here at Tome have asked ourselves WWDD if The Big Rock came hurtling towards our beloved Third Rock? and came up with this list:
Top 20 Things Dick Cheney Would Do
to Stop an Asteroid from Obliterating Earth
1. Shoot it in the face.
2. Go on a media campaign of outrage! Outrage, I say! against the asteroid for referring to his daughter as a "lesbian." His wife, Lynne, will ride shotgun on this one.
3. Declare it a "weapon of mass destruction," make allusions to "smoking guns" and "mushroom clouds" and never find the damned thing.
4. Join the circle-jerk seance with Rudy Giuliani and Bill Kristol, repeatedly chanting "9/11! 9/11! 9/11!" in the hopes of ... wait, why do they keep chanting "9/11!" again?
5. Cut taxes!
6. Defy all rules of logic--and the law of gravity--and waterboard the asteroid until it confesses that Saddam was involved in its hurtling towards Earth.
7. Nothing. Like military service in Vietnam, he'll have "better things to do."
8. Nothing. He doesn't believe that Big Government can solve all our problems.
9. Nothing. He'll be too busy testifying in the Hague.
10. Have another heart attack and recuperate by spooning Scooter Libby in an "undisclosed location."
Wait! We gotta stop here! Kirsanow has tied Nell to the damned railroad tracks again and we've gotta go save her before the oncoming train slices her in two!
Max Reddick said...
Dick has been acting out of character lately. I never this many press conferences featuring him in the whole eight years of his vice-presidency put together. If he keeps talking, he's going to talk himself into a legal hole.
nunya said...
Oh man, I was hoping the 2nd half of the question would be, "Who would I like it to hit?"
boukman70 said...
You must've been reading my mind. I was thinking about posting something about that today, but apparently I'm going to the Bay. So, maybe by Tuesday.
After we get Nell the therapy she needs, I'll think about that one. But today's candidate would probably be David Broder for this bit of bullshit:
Off to go eat some crab!!! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9688287973403932}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '195191', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SQILNB6UAAKDR7GMXDC44PSTJBMGTBME', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7dfd131a-40b6-4a33-9405-1a71457b11d3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 0, 7, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.202', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RKAO3HLQCBU2WXKCTVDYBNYSCVM7YRAB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:277ba9b8-7a31-403e-8049-7dff8ded5b0f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://bootynovelbill.blogspot.com/2009/05/dick-and-big-rock.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cfcd8934-5ead-4451-b04e-e4bcfdbc3b66>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '449', 'url': 'http://bootynovelbill.blogspot.com/2009/05/dick-and-big-rock.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018299877643585205', 'original_id': '27daa5e7ace0e3b58257f82c20fb85e87e5b2a8427d2f4d5cf0a921c4dd7108f'} |
Giant Plastic Island In The Atlantic, Too
Awesome. Just fucking awesome. As if the giant fucking plastic island in the Pacific wasn't enough, there's also a giant fucking patch of plastic in the Atlantic, too. For someone who hates sharks as much as I do, you'd think I wouldn't care. But I do, because these giant fucking islands of plastic and trash don't go away and we have no idea what they're going to do to ecosystem of the ocean, let alone the world.
The newly described garbage patch sits hundreds of miles off the North American coast. Although its east-west span is unknown, the patch covers a region between 22 and 38 degrees north latitude—roughly the distance from Cuba to Virginia (see a U.S. map). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '26', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.968586802482605}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '14946', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HJNK3A7SFQFEQNF46DNMVQVZCNVTAJ6S', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f0e074a8-c6ea-4bb6-aed8-073d0c174051>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 3, 45, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '66.33.215.103', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JL2FLF3LNPGNRWNOINA5UNYO7NX5ATGX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7ed61a3b-731c-4d07-a1c1-77b8d8f16775>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.unlikelywords.com/2010/04/01/giant-plastic-island-in-the-atlantic-too/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:622c20a3-3e55-4890-9b2f-97065d83b323>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '125', 'url': 'http://www.unlikelywords.com/2010/04/01/giant-plastic-island-in-the-atlantic-too/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06368166208267212', 'original_id': '4c767a0ab03b66e82f0d767c36165941de4b3c364d6826adebc75e01b5633f6c'} |
Having won over Sen. Scott Brown [R, MA] and having Sen. Arlen Specter [D, PA] back in the chamber to place his vote, the Democrats today found 60 votes and passed cloture on their financial reform bill. That means that a final vote on the bill requiring a simple majority of 51 votes must take place within the next 30 hours.
The bill, called the Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010, attempts to fix regulations of derivatives, create new consumer protections for financial products, and set up an orderly liquidation process for winding down failing systemically risky financial institutions to avoid future bailouts, and much more. A summary of the bill as filed (without the dozens of floor amendments that were added) can be found here (pdf).
See our Twitter List
OpenCongress allows anyone to follow legislation in Congress, from bill introduction to floor vote. Learn more about issues you care about and connect with others who share similar views.
OpenCongress was founded by the Participatory Politics Foundation in 2007 and operated as a joint project with the Sunlight Foundation until May 2013.
Founded in 2006, the Sunlight Foundation is a nonpartisan nonprofit that advocates for open government globally and uses technology to make government more accountable to all. Visit SunlightFoundation.com to learn more.
Like this project and want to discover others like it?
Join the Sunlight Foundation's open government community to learn more. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f8ec6bbcaaca72856582435c2ab476a5e602ed2fa89a12c61346364c62b9b0c2'} |
Enhanced external counterpulsation reduces lung/heart ratio at stress in patients with coronary artery disease.
Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a recently approved treatment modality for patients with angina and heart failure. However, the efficacy of EECP on left ventricular (LV) function has not been well established. The study was aimed to determine whether EECP leads to an improvement in objective parameters of LV function. Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 10) who showed evidence of stress-induced myocardial ischemia despite conventional medical or surgical therapies were enrolled and received EECP therapy for a total of 35 h. The therapeutic effects of EECP were examined by thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (201Tl-SPECT). Compared with baseline, the lung/heart ratio at stress decreased significantly from 0.40 +/- 0.08 to 0.35 +/- 0.08 (p = 0.001) at 1 month and 0.33 +/- 0.10 (p = 0.03) at 6 months following EECP treatment. LV ejection fraction marginally improved from 56.7 +/- 7.7% to 57.6 +/- 5.9% (p = 0.382) at 1 month and to 60.1 +/- 8.6% (p = 0.062) at 6 months after EECP therapy, although not statistically significant. We concluded that EECP improved LV function, shown as the reduction of lung/heart ratio at stress, in patients with coronary artery disease, up to 6 months after EECP treatment. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8ac31f682331ff69873bcf7335ccf5b41afc7ef6bf09cf86c81cb906e4a4f16b'} |
Intramural Officials
Blinn College Campus Recreation employs approximately 50-60 students as officials each year. If you are interested in becoming an official, please call (979)830-4103 or e-mail Kristen Westbrook to sign up for a sport. Officials are recruited throughout the year so take the opportunity to get involved! Officials are compensated with a per game fee that is paid at the end of each intramural sport's season. Officials typically work 3-4 hours a night Monday - Thursday evenings. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9257219433784484}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '5556', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BEB4EZRW4DDF5ZHYTV3QALNI2DFWO26N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:dc3f6cc6-b608-48eb-81c2-4b1d93b3fdce>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 2, 28, 17, 26, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.92.184.30', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AHMNKOGEVF6VHMBKRCAEGLHCPAIRSZUI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ec29af47-fbe6-4411-ab0d-e2d1588fa922>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.blinn.edu/imsports/Officials.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ba844a92-bde6-44ba-a0b1-4db930e9c336>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '88', 'url': 'http://www.blinn.edu/imsports/Officials.htm', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09642994403839111', 'original_id': '62a6f3ebbab07c937380a2627e61801818bae1e937dd7ae271f08aee719a76f4'} |
Uploaded by Background Pony #05C0
1475x1757 PNG 1.19 MB
Interested in advertising on Derpibooru? Click here for information!
My Little Ties crafts shop
Every World has an Origin
Detailed syntax guide
Ugh… Why do I get the feeling that this is actually supposed to be the fic’s human being taken over by Tirek?
With the author’s track record, even something with potential like that isn’t going to amount to much. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '33', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8328543901443481}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '180211', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:T4IL7HSRYKQ2WFOVR4Q3VHJHFPWCXMFE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4d86e9d1-3848-40e3-8530-325b0150e1f9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 8, 40, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.2.244', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JG3GLGTT6IFW6A6ODZDNMGUXG7ZVREDF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c70f1e00-5801-4a73-bfb4-496715f34711>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.derpibooru.org/images/655255', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:52ba4ef1-dcf7-4abc-b17d-61d34902dbf2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '102', 'url': 'https://www.derpibooru.org/images/655255', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-8\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17437732219696045', 'original_id': '77000825ea7aecc9a883b0df0b5135138a7ba0f255649db369664be74483537a'} |
Home »
Hosts » 47 Million Food Stamp Recipients Are Having Their Benefits Cut Back On November 1st
47 Million Food Stamp Recipients Are Having Their Benefits Cut Back On November 1st
47.6 million Americans are about to have their food stamp benefits cut, and most of them have absolutely no idea that it is about to happen. Needless to say, a lot of them are going to be very angry when they discover that they cannot buy as much food for their families anymore. The reason that this is happening is because a temporary boost to food stamp benefits that was put in during the last recession is expiring. But most of the people that are having their benefits cut will not understand this. Most of them will just be very upset that the government is “taking money away” from them. And considering the “mini-riots” that we witnessed earlier this month when the system that processes food stamp payments went down for a few hours, it is obvious that a lot of food stamp recipients can very easily be pushed over the edge. So what would happen if we have another “debt ceiling crisis” in Washington D.C. early next year and food stamp benefits are temporarily cut off completely? | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e8c739f3a0aff6a584baa8e348cd6867c0ed07b17c7d85c734d945b12f0ec386'} |
Sub navigation
Furballs in cats
Most cat owners will have seen their cat produce a furball at some time. Although this can appear rather distressing it is a normal event for a significant number of cats so it's nothing to get unduly concerned about.
Your questions answered
Why do cats get furballs?
Wild cats need different coat densities according to the seasons of the year. In the summer they need a light coat while in the colder months it needs to be thicker and more insulating. As the new coat grows the old coat is lost by moulting. Most pet cats have the luxury of central heating and constant all year round temperatures and this has resulted in almost continuous moulting.
The cat's instinct is to care for its coat by grooming. Cats have a tongue like a rasp and when they groom loose hair is dislodged and swallowed. In most cats the hair passes through the digestive tract in small amounts and causes no problems. In others, the hair remains in the stomach and gradually accumulates to form a furball. Long-haired cats can be problem. They are much more prone to developing tangles and knots in their fur which tend to tug and put the cat off being groomed. A long-haired kitten may look very cute but the coat will need a lot of time and attention.
How do I know if my cat has furballs?
The furball (or trichobezoar as it is officially called) rarely causes any problems. As it grows it will eventually be eliminated from the stomach. Sometimes this will mean it travels down the gut and is expelled with the faeces. Often the furball is vomited up it mixed with food or stomach contents but, in many cases, it appears as a clump of soggy hair.
Do furballs cause illness?
Sometimes attempts to vomit furballs are initially unsuccessful, and only fluid or partially digested food is produced. Affected cats tend to keep vomiting until the furball is finally produced and once the furball has been eliminated the cat usually immediately bounces back to normal.
In very severe cases furballs can cause an obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. Fortunately this complication is very rare, because if it does occur the furball has to be surgically removed. A common misconception is that furballs cause coughing. Some confusion may be derived from the fact that a coughing cat looks very similar to a retching cat.
Are furballs a sign of other problems in my cat?
Although furballs are frequently observed in normal cats, they can be associated with ill health. Irritable skin or psychological disorders can cause a cat to overgroom and take in excessive quantities of hair. In cats with a disease of the gastrointestinal tract which causes an obstruction or a motility problem hairballs may cause frequent blockages.
You should come to recognise what is normal for your cat and if there is any change in the pattern of furball production, or it is associated with weight loss, diarrhoea or a picky appetite, you must consult your vet for advice.
What will happen if my cat is having problems with a furball?
Laxatives lubricate furballs and allow them to progress along the digestive tract. Flavoured petroleum-based laxative gels are favoured for furball treatment and prevention and they tend to be easier to administer. The required dosage will vary according to the individual cat. Some need treatment every few days while others need help only at times of heavy moulting. If your cat still appears to have a problem eliminating a furball, your vet may prescribe drugs which enhance gut motility. Persistent or frequently recurring furballs are likely to need further investigation.
Can I prevent my cat from getting furballs?
A number of steps can be taken to help prevent furballs. One of the most important is frequent grooming which significantly decreases the amount of loose hair your cat will swallow. If you introduce grooming as part of a kitten's daily routine it tends to accept the process. Many older cats love being groomed but others will put you in your place if you dare to impose this strange ritual on them.
A popular grooming tool, particularly for shorthaired cats, is a rubber brush. It is soft enough not to cause any discomfort (in fact, it's a bit like using a massage mitt) but it can shift almost frightening amounts of loose hair. It's not only great for the cat but it works wonders for removing cat hair from carpets and furniture as well.
There is a range of dry foods which are designed to help reduce the formation of furballs in the gut. These foods contain a high level of a particular type of vegetable fibre which helps to "sweep" the fur along the intestines in the right direction.
Related topics | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9573201537132264}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '11420', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4XMI76YJDCDG6MXMU2CDUDXLDE5F6U3L', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fc6ceb0e-55cd-4a9c-a65c-06507926cf9a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 23, 17, 57, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '146.101.112.208', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7YWC53TALWHVYIFLCFTP7BZ3GLCKGVZW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8fa47a1e-1446-4f92-8e3d-56bf096adb32>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.animal-clinic.co.uk/pet-factsheets/Factsheets/Cat/24_290441.shtml', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8f2b71a6-0850-40de-aec2-7367789f879b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '802', 'url': 'http://www.animal-clinic.co.uk/pet-factsheets/Factsheets/Cat/24_290441.shtml', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-95-138.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2691328525543213', 'original_id': '8a0234e4e7e051650b03b5606eec8f358d2080eb2f2bc83b1255e8324ea19efd'} |
\#1 \#1
=
/\#1[/]{} \#1[\^[[\#1]{}]{}]{} Ł[[L]{}]{} ¶[[P]{}]{} §[[S]{}]{} [H]{} Ø[[O]{}]{} \#1\#2[[- \#2pt]{}]{}
Introduction
============
Although it is by now well-established that the theory of the strong interactions is quantum chromodynamics, first principles calculations of the spectrum and properties of hadrons are not possible because the theory is strongly coupled at low energies. A number of different methods have been used to extract low-energy consequences of QCD. One of the oldest methods is chiral perturbation theory[@chpt] which exploits the symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian under $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R \times U(1)_V$ transformations on the three flavors of light quarks $u$, $d$ and $s$ in the limit that the quark masses $m_u$, $m_d$ and $m_s$ vanish. Chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken to the vector subgroup $SU(3) \times U(1)_V$ by the QCD vacuum, resulting in an octet of pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons, the pions. A perturbative expansion in the pion momenta and the explicit chiral symmetry breaking parameters $m_i$ over the scale parameter of chiral symmetry breaking $\Lambda_\chi$ leads to flavor symmetry relations amongst hadronic amplitudes which are valid to a given order in chiral symmetry breaking.
A second method which has been important in the understanding of low-energy QCD hadron dynamics is the $1/\N$ expansion [@thooft]. This method promotes QCD to a $SU(\N)$ non-abelian gauge theory, where $\N$ is the number of colors. The $1/\N$ expansion has been used primarily to derive $1/\N$ power counting rules for hadronic amplitudes [@thooft; @witbaryons; @coleman]. For finite and large $\N$, planar diagrams dominate the dynamics. Each quark loop is suppressed by one factor of $1/\N$ and non-planar gluon exchange is suppressed by two factors of $1/\N$. The suppression of quark loops in the $1/\N$ expansion is particularly important for processes involving hadrons, since it implies that diagrams of leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion contain no quark–anti-quark pair creation and annihilation. Thus, planar QCD has a flavor symmetry [@planarqcd] $$\label{planarsym}
U(1)_{q_i} \times U(1)_{\overline q_i}$$ which allows independent rotations on each quark flavor and antiquark flavor and implies the separate conservation of the number of each quark flavor and of each anti-quark flavor (light or heavy). The planar QCD flavor symmetry (\[planarsym\]) is broken at first subleading order due to a single quark loop of order $1/\N$. It is important to emphasize that (\[planarsym\]) is a symmetry of the planar approximation of QCD dynamics only and [*not*]{} of the QCD Lagrangian itself. Consequences of planar flavor symmetry include Zweig’s rule and the formation of ideally mixed meson nonets (in the $SU(3)$ flavor limit) at leading order in $1/\N$ [@veneziano]. Planar flavor symmetry is often called “nonet symmetry" in the literature for this reason.
The combined use of chiral perturbation theory and the $1/\N$ expansion can constrain the low-energy interactions of hadrons with the pion nonet $\pi$, $K$, $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$ more effectively than either method alone. An effective Lagrangian describing the spectrum and self-interactions of the pion nonet was constructed some time ago [@dVV; @witten; @rst]. The derivation of this $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian led to a number of important theoretical results concerning the QCD vacuum angle $\theta$, and to a consistent picture for phenomenology [@dVV; @vnpv] associated with the resolution of the $U(1)_A$ problem [@uonea; @wvv]. Two results deserve special mention here. First, the phenomenological analysis proved that the $\theta$ parameter is close to zero in QCD [@dVV; @witten]. Second, the analysis showed that an $\eta^\prime$ which is primarily an $SU(3)$ flavor singlet (in violation of ideal mixing) and which has a mass much larger than the pion octet is accommodated for reasonable values of parameters[@dVV]. Understanding these features of the $\eta^\prime$ is nontrivial because the phenomenology involves an interplay between effects suppressed by $m_i/\Lambda_\chi$ and $1/\N$.
In this work, a $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian for the lowest-lying baryons is constructed. The Lagrangian describes the interactions of the spin-$1/2$ baryon octet and the spin-$3/2$ baryon decuplet with the pion nonet. The formulation of the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian relies upon recent developments in the study of the spin-flavor structure of baryons in the $1/\N$ expansion . In the large-$\N$ limit, the baryon sector of QCD possesses an exact contracted spin-flavor symmetry algebra [@dm; @gervaissakita]. For finite $\N$, corrections to the large-$\N$ limit are parametrized by $1/\N$-suppressed operators [@dm; @j]. Consistency conditions determine which operators are allowed at any given order in the $1/\N$ expansion. The (spin $\otimes$ flavor) structure of the $1/\N$ expansion for baryons is manifest in the baryon chiral Lagrangian presented here. In addition, planar QCD flavor symmetry is implemented at leading order in $1/\N$, and violated at first subleading order. Planar QCD flavor symmetry leads to a number of new results, such as the formation of flavor nonets amongst baryon flavor octet and singlet amplitudes at leading order in $1/\N$. The consequences of planar QCD flavor symmetry are examined in detail, and are entirely new to this work. Planar QCD flavor symmetry follows from the $1/\N$ expansion alone, so the results of this symmetry for baryons do not depend on the chiral Lagrangian framework and are valid in general. Strong $CP$-violation enters the baryon chiral Lagrangian in the same manner as earlier treatments [@divech; @pich; @baluni; @crewther]. Finally, the issue of non-analytic meson-loop corrections to baryons amplitudes is examined. A number of subtleties arise in the calculation of loop corrections at finite $\N$. The procedure for computing loop calculations using operators at finite $\N$ is explained. The group theoretic and $1/\N$ structure of these corrections is explicit in this method.
The paper is organized as follows. A presentation of the pion nonet chiral Lagrangian is given in Sect. II to set notation. Readers familiar with the $1/N_c$ chiral Lagrangian for the pseudo-Goldstone bosons may skip directly to Sect. III and refer to Sect. II only for definitions of the meson nonet field $\bbox{\Phi}$ and strong-$CP$ parameters. Sect. III presents the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian. The baryon chiral Lagrangian is formulated for arbitrary finite $\N$ in terms of the $1/\N$ operator expansion for baryons. Planar QCD flavor symmetry is imposed on the Lagrangian at leading order in $1/\N$. The $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian for $\N=3$ is compared to the chiral Lagrangian for the spin-$1/2$ octet and spin-$3/2$ decuplet baryons with no $1/\N$ expansion. Sect. IV addresses the computation of non-analytic corrections using the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian. The flavor-${\bf 27}$ non-analytic contribution to baryon masses is computed to illustrate the method. An understanding of the accuracy of the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula for baryon octet masses is gained from this computation. Sect. V considers the implications of $U(2)$ planar QCD flavor symmetry for $SU(3)$ breaking of the baryon $1/\N$ expansion. Conclusions are presented in Sect. VI.
Pion Chiral Lagrangian
======================
The $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian describing the interactions of baryons and low-momentum pions has the form $${\L} = {\L}_{\rm pion} + {\L}_{\rm baryon},$$ where the pion Lagrangian describes the self-interactions of the pseudo-Goldstone boson nonet. In order to calculate in chiral perturbation theory to non-trivial orders in the $1/\N$ expansion for baryons, it is necessary to understand the $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian of the pion sector as well. This section contains a presentation of the pion nonet $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian, as originally derived by di Vecchia and Veneziano [@dVV] and Witten [@witten]. The inclusion of strong-$CP$ violation in the baryon sector involves making the same transformations on the baryon Lagrangian as on the pion Lagrangian, so it is useful to present a self-contained derivation. Readers already familiar with the pion $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian may proceed directly to Sect. III.
It is well-known that $CP$-violation enters the QCD Lagrangian through the vacuum angle parameter $\theta$, which is a physical observable of the theory. $U(1)_A$ transformations on the QCD Lagrangian can rotate part or all of this angular dependence amongst the $G^a_{\mu \nu} \tilde G^{a\, \mu \nu}$ term and the phase of the quark mass matrix. Let us adopt the convention in which all $\theta$-dependence initially resides in the quark mass matrix[^1]. With this convention, the pion nonet chiral Lagrangian is given by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{pione}
{\L}_{\rm pion} &&= {f_\pi^2 \over 4} \left[
\Tr \,\partial_\mu \overline \Sigma \partial^\mu \overline \Sigma^\dagger
- {a \over \N} \left( {i \over 2} \Tr \left( \ln \overline \Sigma
- \ln \overline \Sigma^\dagger \right) \right)^2
\right. \nonumber\\
&&+ \left.
b \Tr \left( \M_q \overline \Sigma + \M_q^\dagger \overline \Sigma^\dagger
\right)
+{c \over \N} \left( \Tr\, \overline \Sigma^\dagger
\partial_\mu \overline \Sigma \right)^2
+ \ldots
\right],\end{aligned}$$ where $\M_q$ is the quark mass matrix and $\overline \Sigma = e^{2i\bbox{\Phi}/f_\pi}$ depends nonlinearly on the pion nonet field $\bbox{\Phi} = \pi^a {\lambda^a \over 2}
+ \eta^\prime {I \over \sqrt{6}}$ divided by $f_\pi = 93$ MeV. The $\lambda^a$ are the eight Gell-Mann matrices and $I$ is the $3 \times 3$ unit matrix. Thus, the octet component of $\bbox{\Phi}$ is given by $${1 \over \sqrt{2}} \left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
{1 \over \sqrt{2}} \pi^0 + {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \eta & \pi^+ & K^+ \\
\pi^- & -{1 \over \sqrt{2}} \pi^0 + {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \eta & K^0 \\
K^- & \bar K^0 & -{2 \over \sqrt{6}} \eta
\end{array}
\right) \quad .$$ Under $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$ transformations, $\overline \Sigma \rightarrow L \overline \Sigma R^\dagger$. Eq. (\[pione\]) is the most general Lagrangian consistent with chiral and planar QCD flavor symmetry and violation, to second order in the derivative expansion and to lowest non-trivial order in $\M_q$ and $1/\N$. The term proportional to the parameter $b$ is the usual quark mass term of the pion Lagrangian which explicitly breaks $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R \rightarrow SU(3)$. The $a$ term, the anomaly term, breaks $U(1)_A$ and is explicitly order $1/\N$ since the anomaly involves a single quark loop. The $a$ term also violates planar QCD flavor symmetry. The $c$ term splits $f_{\eta^\prime}$ from $f_\pi$. Thus, the $c$ term violates planar QCD nonet symmetry, and is explicitly order $1/\N$. Both the $a$ and $c$ terms preserve the $U(1)_V$ subgroup of planar QCD flavor symmetry. The parameters $a$ and $b$ are dimensionful: $a$ is $\O(\Lambda^2)$ and $b$ is $\O(\Lambda)$, where $\Lambda$ is a hadronic scale. The parameter $c$ is dimensionless. Finally note that the pion Lagrangian (\[pione\]) is of the form $$\N \ {\L}\left( {\Phi \over \sqrt{\N}}\right) ,$$ as required by large-$\N$ power counting rules for mesons, since $f_\pi \sim \sqrt{\N}$. It will often be convenient to perform the rescaling $f_\pi \rightarrow \sqrt{\N} f$ to keep all $\N$-dependence manifest.
Recall that all $\theta$-dependence of the theory presently resides in the quark mass matrix $\M_q$, so $\theta = {\rm arg} ({\rm det} \M_q )$. By performing $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$ transformations, the mass matrix can be written in the form $$\M_q = \M e^{i\theta/3},$$ where $\M = {\rm diag} (m_u, m_d, m_s)$ is real, since all terms in Lagrangian (\[pione\]) are invariant under $SU(3)_L
\times SU(3)_R$ transformations exception for the quark mass terms which violate chiral symmetry explicitly. Now remove the phase in $\M_q$ by performing a $U(1)_A$ transformation, $$\overline \Sigma \rightarrow e^{-i \theta/3} \overline \Sigma .$$ All terms are invariant under this transformation except for the $a$ term and terms containing the quark mass matrix, so the Lagrangian becomes $$\begin{aligned}
\label{pitwo}
&&{\L}_{\rm pion} = {f_\pi^2 \over 4} \left[
\Tr \,\partial_\mu \overline \Sigma \partial^\mu \overline \Sigma^\dagger
- {a \over \N} \left( \theta +{i \over 2} \Tr \left( \ln \overline \Sigma
- \ln \overline \Sigma^\dagger \right) \right)^2
\right. \nonumber\\
&&\ + \left.
b\, \Tr \left( \M \left( \overline \Sigma + \overline \Sigma^\dagger \right)
\right)
+ {c \over \N} \left( \Tr\, \overline \Sigma^\dagger \partial_\mu
\overline \Sigma \right)^2
+ \ldots
\right] \ ,\end{aligned}$$ where the $\theta$-dependence of the Lagrangian is now manifest. Lagrangian (\[pitwo\]) is the chiral Lagrangian with the convention that no $\theta$-dependence resides in the quark mass matrix.
The $\overline \Sigma$ field spontaneously breaks the $SU(3)$ chiral symmetry down to its diagonal subgroup. The vacuum expectation value of $\overline \Sigma$ is determined by minimization of the potential of the pion Lagrangian. The potential $V(\overline \Sigma)$ is given by minus the non-derivative terms in the Lagrangian. Since the real mass matrix $\M$ is diagonal, the minimum of $\overline \Sigma$ is also diagonal, so one looks for a solution of the form $$\left< \overline \Sigma \right> = \left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
e^{i\phi_u} & 0 & 0 \\
0 & e^{i\phi_d} & 0 \\
0 & 0 & e^{i\phi_s}
\end{array}
\right) \ .$$ The potential as a function of the $\phi_i$ is $$V(\phi_i) = {f_\pi^2 \over 4} \left( - \sum_i 2b \, m_i \, {\rm cos}\phi_i
+ {a \over \N} \left( \theta - \sum_i \phi_i \right)^2 \right) \ .$$ Minimization of the potential leads to the equations $$\label{minphi}
2 b \, m_i \, {\rm sin} \phi_i
= {a \over \N} \left( \theta - \sum_{j} \phi_j \right) .$$ The solution of Eq. (\[minphi\]) for a given $\theta$ determines the angles $\phi_i$ as a function of $\theta$. Solutions of Eq. (\[minphi\]) for different values of $\theta$ are discussed in detail in Refs. [@dVV; @witten].
It is more physical to reexpress the Lagrangian in terms of a $\Sigma$ field with vacuum expectation value $\left< \Sigma \right> = I$; this vacuum realignment is performed by making the substitution $$\label{vacalign}
\overline \Sigma = \left< \overline \Sigma \right> \Sigma$$ in Eq. (\[pitwo\]), so that $$\begin{aligned}
\label{pithree}
{\L}_{\rm pion} &&= {f_\pi^2 \over 4} \left[
\Tr \,\partial_\mu \Sigma \partial^\mu \Sigma^\dagger
- {a \over \N} \left( \overline \theta +{i \over 2} \Tr \left( \ln \Sigma
- \ln \Sigma^\dagger \right) \right)^2
\right. \nonumber\\
&&+ \left.
b \,\Tr \left( \overline \M \Sigma + \overline \M^\dagger \Sigma^\dagger
\right)
+ {c \over \N} \left( \Tr\, \Sigma^\dagger \partial_\mu \Sigma \right)^2
+ \ldots
\right] \ ,\end{aligned}$$ where $$\label{massalign}
\overline \M = \M \left< \overline \Sigma \right>
= {\rm diag} \left( m_i \, e^{\phi_i} \right) \ ,$$ and $$\overline \theta = \left( \theta - \sum_i \phi_i \right) \ .$$ Using the minimization equation (\[minphi\]), the mass can be rewritten as $$\label{mrealim}
\overline \M = \M(\theta)
+ i \,{ {a \overline \theta} \over {2b}} {1 \over \N} I,$$ where $$\M(\theta) = {\rm diag} \left( m_i \, {\rm cos} \phi_i \right) \ .$$ Using Eq. (\[mrealim\]), one obtains the final version of the pion Lagrangian, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{pifour}
{\L}_{\rm pion} &&= {f_\pi^2 \over 4} \left[
\Tr \,\partial_\mu \Sigma \partial^\mu \Sigma^\dagger
- {a \over \N} \left( {i \over 2} \Tr \left( \ln \Sigma
- \ln \Sigma^\dagger \right) \right)^2
\right. \nonumber\\
&&+
b \,\Tr \left( \M(\theta) \left( \Sigma + \Sigma^\dagger - 2 \right)
\right)
+ {c \over \N} \left( \Tr\, \Sigma^\dagger \partial_\mu
\Sigma \right)^2 \\
&&+ \left.
i { {a \overline \theta} \over \N} \left( {1 \over 2} \Tr \left( \Sigma
- \Sigma^\dagger \right) - \Tr \left( \ln \Sigma - \ln \Sigma^\dagger \right)
\right) + \ldots
\right] \ ,\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where a constant term has been dropped relative to Eq. (\[pithree\]).
The observed spectrum and mixing of the pion nonet can be understood using Lagrangian (\[pifour\]) if the parameters satisfy [@dVV] $$b m_u, \ b m_d \ll b m_s < {a \over \N} \ .$$ In the $\bar u u$, $\bar d d$ and $\bar s s$ basis, the neutral meson mass matrix is given by $$\label{pimass}
b \left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
m_u {\rm cos}\phi_u & 0 & 0 \\
0 & m_d {\rm cos}\phi_d & 0 \\
0 & 0 & m_s {\rm cos}\phi_s
\end{array}
\right)
+ {a \over \N} \left(
\begin{array}{cccc}
1 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 & 1
\end{array}
\right) ,$$ to leading order in explicit chiral symmetry breaking and $1/\N$[^2]. In the chiral limit $m_i \rightarrow 0$, the $\eta^\prime$ is a massive $SU(3)$ singlet with mass $m_{\eta^\prime}^2 = F a/\N$, and the octet mesons are exact massless Goldstone bosons[@dVV].
Baryon Chiral Lagrangian
========================
This section formulates a $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian for $\N$ large, finite and odd. The Lagrangian is first presented in the flavor symmetry limit. Explicit flavor symmetry breaking terms involving the quark mass matrix are then added to the Lagrangian. Strong-CP violation enters the baryon chiral Lagrangian through these terms. The baryon chiral Lagrangian is written in terms of the $1/\N$ (spin $\otimes$ flavor) operator expansion for baryons. The structure of this operator expansion is reviewed below.
The (spin $\otimes$ flavor) $1/\N$ expansion for baryons organizes the lowest-lying baryon states into the completely symmetric $SU(2F)$ representation shown in Fig. 1. Under $SU(2) \otimes SU(F)$ symmetry, this representation decomposes into a tower of baryon states with spins $1/2, \ldots, \N/2$ in the flavor representations displayed in Fig. 2. The weight diagrams of the flavor representations of the spin-$1/2$ and spin-$3/2$ baryons for $F =3$ are given in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. For $\N=3$, these flavor multiplets reduce to the baryon octet and decuplet, but for $\N>3$, the multiplets contain additional baryon states which do not exist for $\N=3$. Because of the complexity of the flavor representations for $F > 2$, it is easier to focus on the operators than the states.
Any QCD operator transforming according to a given $SU(2) \times SU(F)$ representation has an expansion in terms of $n$-body operators of the form, $$\label{qcdop}
{\cal O}_{QCD}= \sum_{n} c_{(n)} {1\over \N^{n-1}} {\cal O}_n ,$$ where the operator basis ${\cal O}_n$ consists of polynomials in the spin-flavor generators $J^i$, $T^a$, and $G^{ia}$. The operator coefficients $c_{(n)}(1/\N)$ have power series expansions in $1/\N$ beginning at order unity.
The problem of finding a complete and independent set of operators for any spin-flavor representation was solved in Ref. [@djmtwo]. The basic building blocks of the expansion are the $0$-body $SU(2F)$ identity operator $\openone$ and the $1$-body operators $J^i$, $T^a$ and $G^{ia}$ which satisfy the $SU(2F)$ commutation relations. Because antisymmetric products of these operators can be reduced using the commutation relations, one only needs to consider operator products which are completely symmetric in non-commuting operators. In addition, it suffices to keep polynomials through order $\N$ for the lowest-lying baryons. There are a number of identities among the polynomials of order less than or equal to $\N$ which further reduce the operator basis. The complete set of identities were derived in Ref. [@djmtwo] using quark operators $$\begin{aligned}
J^i & = &
q^\dagger \left( {\sigma^i \over 2} \otimes I \right) q\qquad (1,1),
\nonumber \\
T^a & = &
q^\dagger \left(I \otimes {\lambda^a \over 2}\right) q\qquad
(0,8),\\
G^{ia} & = &
q^\dagger \left({\sigma^i \over 2} \otimes {\lambda^a \over 2}\right) q
\qquad (1, 8)\ .
\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ This work also uses the quark representation of the $1/\N$ operator expansion for baryons. Equivalent results can be obtained in the Skyrme representation.
Lagrangian in the Flavor Symmetry Limit
---------------------------------------
In the large-$\N$ limit, baryons have masses of order $\N$ and become very heavy relative to mesons with masses of order $1$. The $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian is formulated treating baryons as heavy static fields with fixed velocity $v^\mu$ [@bcpt; @eh; @georgi]. The $1/\N$ expansion provides a systematic expansion parameter for this procedure. The following $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian is written in the rest frame of the baryon, which is the natural frame for the (spin $\otimes$ flavor) operator expansion. The generalization to an arbitrary velocity frame is straightforward.
The $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian for arbitrary $\N$ is of the form $$\begin{aligned}
\label{bary}
\L_{\rm baryon} &&= i \D^0 - M_{\rm hyperfine}
+ \Tr \left( \A^i \lambda^a \right) A^{ia} \nonumber\\
&&\quad\quad + \Tr \left( \A^i {{2I} \over \sqrt{6}} \right) A^{i} + \ldots,\end{aligned}$$ with $$\label{cov}
\D^0= \partial^0 \openone + \Tr \left(\V^0 \lambda^a \right) T^a
+{1 \over 3} \Tr \left( \V^0 I \right) \N \openone .$$
The notation of Eqs. (\[bary\]) and (\[cov\]) is very compact: each term involves a baryon operator. The baryon kinetic energy term is proportional to the spin-flavor identity element $\openone$. The hyperfine baryon mass operator describes the spin splittings of the baryon tower. Pion fields appear in the chiral Lagrangian through the vector and axial vector combinations $$\begin{aligned}
\label{picurrents}
\V^0 &=& {1 \over 2} \left( \xi \partial^0 \xi^\dagger
+ \xi^\dagger \partial^0 \xi \right),\nonumber\\
\A^i &=& {i \over 2} \left( \xi \grad i \xi^\dagger
- \xi^\dagger \grad i\xi \right),\end{aligned}$$ which depend nonlinearly on the field $\xi =e^{i \bbox{\Phi} / f_\pi}$. The vector pion combinations couple to baryon vector charges: the flavor octet pion combination couples to the flavor octet baryon charge[^3] $$V^{0a} = \left< \B^\prime \left|
\left( \overline q \gamma^0 {\lambda^a \over 2} q \right)_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right>,$$ while the flavor singlet pion combination $$\Tr \left( \V^0 {{2I} \over \sqrt{6}} \right)$$ couples to the flavor singlet baryon charge $$V^{0} = \left< \B^\prime \left|
\left( \overline q \gamma^0 {I \over \sqrt{6} } q \right)_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right>.$$ The baryon vector charges equal $$\begin{aligned}
V^{0a} &&= v^0 T^a = T^a, \nonumber\\
V^0 &&= v^0 {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \N \openone
= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \N \openone,\end{aligned}$$ to all orders in the $1/\N$ expansion. The $\ell=1$ flavor octet axial vector pion combination couples to the flavor octet baryon axial current $$\label{axi}
A^{ia} = \left< \B^\prime \left|
\left( \overline q \gamma^i \gamma_5 {\lambda^a \over 2} q \right)_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right>,$$ whereas the flavor singlet axial pion combination couples to the flavor singlet baryon axial current $$A^{i} = \left< \B^\prime \left|
\left( \overline q \gamma^i \gamma_5 {I \over \sqrt{6} }q \right)_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right> .$$ The ellipses in Eq. (\[bary\]) denotes higher partial wave pion couplings which occur at subleading orders in the $1/\N$ expansion for $\N>3$. At leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion, the pion couplings of baryons are purely $p$-wave for any $\N$ [@djmtwo].
The baryon chiral Lagrangian describes the interactions of the pions and baryons in terms of QCD baryon operators. Each of these operators has an expansion in $1/\N$ of the form Eq. (\[qcdop\]).
In the limit of exact $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry, the baryon mass operator is defined by $$M = \left< \B^\prime \left|
\H_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right>,$$ where $\H_{\rm QCD}$ is the QCD Hamiltonian in the chiral limit $m_i \rightarrow 0$. The baryon mass operator transforms as a $(0,1)$ under $SU(2) \times SU(3)$ symmetry. The $1/\N$ expansion for a $(0,1)$ QCD operator is of the form[@j; @djm; @cgo; @lm] $$\label{massop}
M = m^{0,1}_{(0)} \N \openone
+ \sum_{n=2,4}^{\N-1} m^{0,1}_{(n)} {1 \over \N^{n-1}} J^n.$$ The coefficients $m^{0,1}_{(n)}$ are dimensionful parameters of ${\cal O}(\Lambda)$. The first term in expansion (\[massop\]), the overall spin-independent mass of the baryon multiplet, is removed from the chiral Lagrangian by the heavy baryon field redefinition [@bcpt]. The spin-dependent terms in Eq. (\[massop\]) define $M_{\rm hyperfine}$, which appears explicitly in the Lagrangian. The hyperfine mass expansion reduces to a single operator [@j] $$M = m^{0,1}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} J^2 \ ,$$ for $\N=3$.
The $1/\N$ expansions for the baryon flavor octet and singlet axial currents were derived in Ref. [@djmtwo]. The $1/\N$ expansion for the $(1,8)$ baryon axial current is given by $$\label{axin}
A^{ia} = a^{1,8}_{(1)} G^{ia} + \sum_{n=2,3}^{\N} b^{1,8}_{(n)}
{1 \over \N^{n-1} } {\cal D}_n^{ia}
+ \sum_{n=3,5}^{\N} c^{1,8}_{(n)} {1 \over \N^{n-1} } {\cal O}_n^{ia},$$ where the ${\cal D}_n^{ia}$ are diagonal operators, with nonzero matrix elements only between states with the same spin, and the ${\cal O}_n^{ia}$ are purely off-diagonal operators, with nonzero matrix elements only between states with different spin. The operators ${\cal D}_n^{ia}$ and ${\cal O}_n^{ia}$ are defined in Ref. [@djmtwo]. Eq. (\[axin\]) reduces to $$\begin{aligned}
\label{aia}
A^{ia} &=& a^{1,8}_{(1)} G^{ia}
+ b^{1,8}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} J^i T^a
+ b^{1,8}_{(3)} {1 \over \N^2} \{ J^i \{ J^j, G^{ja} \} \}\nonumber\\
&&+ c^{1,8}_{(3)} {1 \over \N^2} \left(
\{J^2, G^{ia}\} - {1 \over 2} \{ J^i \{ J^j, G^{ja} \} \}
\right)\end{aligned}$$ for $\N=3$. The $1/\N$ expansion for the $(1,1)$ baryon axial current is given by $$\label{saxin}
A^{i} = \sum_{n=1,3}^{\N} b^{1,1}_{(n)} {1 \over \N^{n-1}} {\cal D}^i_n ,$$ where ${\cal D}^i_1 = J^i$ and ${\cal D}^i_{n+2} = \{ J^2, {\cal D}^i_n \}$. Eq. (\[saxin\]) reduces to $$A^{i} = b^{1,1}_{(1)} J^i + b^{1,1}_{(3)} {1 \over \N^2}\{J^2, J^i \} \ .$$ for $\N=3$.
Lagrangian $\L_{\rm baryon}$ is the most general Lagrangian invariant under $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R \times U(1)_V \times U(1)_A$ chiral symmetry and contracted spin-flavor symmetry. The form of the Lagrangian factorizes baryon invariants from pion invariants explicitly, which is necessary because baryons transform under a larger symmetry than mesons in the large-$\N$ limit. The Lagrangian correctly relates baryon-multipion vertices using chiral symmetry. Under chiral transformations, $$\label{xitrans}
\xi \rightarrow L \xi U^\dagger = U \xi R^\dagger,$$ where $U$ is a vector $SU(3)\times U(1)$ transformation defined by Eq. (\[xitrans\]). The flavor representations of the baryon spin tower transform as $\N$-index tensor representations under $U$, $$B^{\alpha_1\ldots\alpha_n\ldots\alpha_{\N}}
\rightarrow \sum_{n} U^{\alpha_n}_{\alpha_n^\prime}
B^{\alpha_1\ldots\alpha_n^\prime\ldots\alpha_{\N}},$$ where the symmetry of the baryon flavor tensors is dictated by the Young tableaux of Fig. 2. The pion combinations (\[picurrents\]) are unaffected by vacuum realignment (\[vacalign\]), so the $SU(3)$-symmetric baryon chiral Lagrangian contains no strong $CP$ violation.
Planar QCD flavor symmetry further constrains the parameters of the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian. In the next subsection, planar QCD flavor symmetry is imposed on the baryon chiral Lagrangian. In the following subsection, the chiral Lagrangian for the baryon octet and decuplet is compared with the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian at $\N=3$.
### Planar QCD Flavor Symmetry
Planar QCD flavor symmetry implies that the baryon $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian possesses a $SU(2) \otimes U(3)$ (spin $\otimes$ flavor) symmetry at leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion. The symmetry is broken at first subleading order by diagrams with a single quark loop, as shown in Fig. 5.
Planar QCD flavor symmetry constrains $\L_{\rm baryon}$ by forming a nonet baryon axial vector current out of the singlet and octet baryon axial vector currents at leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion[^4], $$\label{nonetaxi}
A^i = A^{i9} + O(1/\N) .$$ This constraint relates the coefficients of the $A^i$ expansion to those of the $A^{ia}$ expansion in the limit $\N \rightarrow \infty$. The easiest way to impose Eq. (\[nonetaxi\]) is to replace the operator coefficients of the singlet axial vector expansion Eq. (\[saxin\]) by $$b^{1,1}_{(n)} \rightarrow \overline b^{1,1}_{(n)}
+ {1 \over \N}b^{1,1}_{(n)},$$ where the coefficients with an overscore are determined by exact nonet symmetry, and the remainders are unconstrained and violate nonet symmetry at first subleading order $1/\N$. For arbitrary $\N$, nonet symmetry implies $$\begin{aligned}
\overline b^{1,1}_{(1)} &=& {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( a^{1,8}_{(1)}
+ b^{1,8}_{(2)}\right), \nonumber\\
\overline b^{1,1}_{(3)} &=& {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( 2 b^{1,8}_{(3)}
+ b^{1,8}_{(4)} \right), \nonumber\\
\overline b^{1,1}_{(5)} &=& {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( 2 b^{1,8}_{(5)}
+ b^{1,8}_{(6)} \right), \\
&\ldots&\ldots \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ etc., where the relative factor of $1/\sqrt{6}$ occurs because the ninth flavor components of $G^{ia}$ and $T^a$ are related to $J^i$ and $\N \openone$ by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{gtnine}
G^{i9} & = &
q^\dagger \left({\sigma^i \over 2} \otimes {I \over \sqrt{6}}\right) q
= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} J^i \qquad (1, 1), \nonumber \\
T^9 & = &
q^\dagger \left(I \otimes {I \over \sqrt{6} }\right) q
= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \N \openone \qquad
(0,1).\end{aligned}$$ Notice that the coefficients of the diagonal operators ${\cal D}_n^i$ in the singlet expansion do not depend on the coefficients $c^{1,8}_{(n)}$ of the off-diagonal operators ${\cal O}_n^{ia}$ in the octet expansion. For $\N =3$, the nonet symmetry conditions reduce to $$\begin{aligned}
\label{axiconstraint}
\overline b^{1,1}_{(1)} &=& {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( a^{1,8}_{(1)}
+ b^{1,8}_{(2)}\right), \nonumber\\
\overline b^{1,1}_{(3)} &=& {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( 2 b^{1,8}_{(3)}\right),\end{aligned}$$ where the second condition is modified because the $4$-body operator corresponding to $b^{1,8}_{(4)}$ does not occur in the operator basis for $\N=3$.
It is important to stress that the nonet symmetry constraint Eq. (\[nonetaxi\]) leads to a condition for each operator coefficient in the singlet expansion since this constraint must be satisfied for [*all*]{} spin states of the baryon tower (not just the states with spins of order unity). The fact that Eq. (\[nonetaxi\]) is satisfied operator by operator in the baryon (spin $\otimes$ flavor) operator expansion is consistent with the violation of planar QCD flavor symmetry by single quark loop diagrams Fig. 5, since this breaking is decoupled from the baryon $1/\N$ operator expansion.
The final version of the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian can be obtained by rewriting $\L_{\rm baryon}$ is a form which implements the constraints of planar QCD symmetry explicitly, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{barytwo}
\L_{\rm baryon} &&= i \D^0 - M_{\rm hyperfine}
+ \Tr \left( \A^i \lambda^a \right) A^{ia} \nonumber\\
&&\quad\quad + {1 \over \N} \Tr \left( \A^i {{2I} \over \sqrt{6}} \right)
A^{i} + \ldots,\end{aligned}$$ with $$\label{covtwo}
\D^0= \partial^0 \openone + \Tr \left(\V^0 \lambda^a \right) T^a ,$$ where $a=1, \ldots,9$, $\lambda^9 \equiv 2 I/ \sqrt{6}$, and the baryon $1$-body operators $T^9$ and $G^{i9}$ are defined in Eq. (\[gtnine\]). Nonet flavor symmetry of the baryon-pion axial vector couplings is broken by the last term, which gives a nonet symmetry-breaking contribution to the singlet current at relative order $1/\N$.
### Comparison with Octet and Decuplet Chiral Lagrangian
It is instructive to compare the $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian at $\N=3$ with the chiral Lagrangian for the baryon octet and decuplet without a $1/\N$ expansion. The flavor octet pion couplings of the octet and decuplet are described by the chiral Lagrangian[@bcpt], $$\begin{aligned}
\label{chibary}
{\L}_{\rm baryon} & = & i \Tr \overline B_v \left( v \cdot \D\right) B_v
-i \overline T_v^\mu \left( v \cdot \D\right) T_{v\,\mu}
+ \Delta \overline T_v^\mu T_{v\,\mu} \nonumber\\
&&+ 2 D\, \Tr \overline B_v \S_v^\mu \left\{ \A_\mu, B_v \right\}
+ 2 F\, \Tr \overline B_v \S_v^\mu \left[ \A_\mu, B_v \right] \nonumber\\
&&+ \C\, \left( \overline T_v^\mu \A_\mu B_v + \bar B_v \A_\mu T_v^\mu \right)
\\
&&+ 2 \H\, \overline T_v^\mu \S_{v}^{\nu} \A_\nu T_{v\,\mu},\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where $D$, $F$, ${\cal C}$ and ${\cal H}$ are the baryon-pion couplings and $\Delta = m_T - m_B$ is the decuplet-octet mass difference. The octet mass $m_B$ has been removed from the Lagrangian by the heavy baryon field redefinition. Flavor singlet baryon-$\eta^\prime$ couplings can be incorporated into the chiral Lagrangian by adding two terms, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{chis}
2 S_B\, \Tr \A_\mu \, \Tr \overline B_v \S_v^\mu B_v
- 2 S_T\, \Tr \A_\nu \, \overline T_v^\mu \S_{v}^{\nu} T_{v\,\mu}\ ,\end{aligned}$$ where $S_B$ and $S_T$ are the singlet axial coupling constants of the octet and decuplet, respectively.
There is a one-to-one correspondence between the parameters of the octet and decuplet chiral Lagrangian and the coefficients of the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian at $\N=3$. The mass parameters are related to the $1/\N$ mass coefficients by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{mbmt}
m_B &&= 3 m^{0,1}_{(0)} + {1 \over 4} m^{0,1}_{(2)}, \nonumber\\
m_T &&= 3 m^{0,1}_{(0)} + {5 \over 4} m^{0,1}_{(2)},\end{aligned}$$ so that $$\Delta = m^{0,1}_{(2)}\ .$$ The flavor octet baryon-pion couplings are related to the coefficients of the $1/\N$ expansion at $\N=3$ by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{dfch}
D &=& {1 \over 2} a^{1,8}_{(1)}
+ {1 \over {6}} b^{1,8}_{(3)}, \nonumber\\
F&=& {1 \over 3} a^{1,8}_{(1)}
+ {1 \over 6} b^{1,8}_{(2)}
+ {1 \over 9} b^{1,8}_{(3)}, \nonumber\\
{\cal C} &=& -a^{1,8}_{(1)}
- {1 \over 2} c^{1,8}_{(3)},\\
{\cal H} &=& -{3 \over 2} a^{1,8}_{(1)}
-{3 \over 2} b^{1,8}_{(2)}
- {5 \over 2} b^{1,8}_{(3)}. \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ Notice that the purely off-diagonal operator coefficient $c^{1,8}_{(3)}$ contributes only to the octet-decuplet-pion coupling constant ${\cal C}$, and that the diagonal operator coefficients $b^{1,8}_{(n)}$ contribute only to the diagonal couplings $D$, $F$, and ${\cal H}$. In addition, $b^{1,8}_{(2)}$ is pure $F$, and does not contribute to $D$. The flavor singlet baryon-pion couplings are related to the coefficients of the $1/\N$ expansion at $\N=3$ by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{sbst}
S_B &=& {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( b^{1,1}_{(1)} + {1 \over 6} b^{1,1}_{(3)}
\right), \nonumber\\
S_T &=& {3 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( b^{1,1}_{(1)} + {5 \over 6} b^{1,1}_{(3)}
\right).\end{aligned}$$ The factor of $3$ in the second relation occurs because the decuplet spin operator in Eq. (\[chis\]) acts only on the spinor portion of the spin-$3/2$ Rarita-Schwinger field [@bcpt]. The metric of the spin-one portion of the spin-$3/2$ field $T_v^\mu$ cancels the minus sign of the decuplet term in Eq. (\[chis\]).
Relations (\[mbmt\])–(\[sbst\]) are valid for $\N$ set equal to three. For arbitrary $\N$, the $1/\N$ expansions for baryons with spins of order unity can be truncated, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{trunc}
M &&= m^{0,1}_{(0)} \N \openone, \nonumber\\
A^{ia} &&= a^{1,8}_{(1)} G^{ia}
+ b^{1,8}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} J^i T^a, \\
A^i &&= b^{1,1}_{(1)} J^i, \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where Eqs. (\[trunc\]) are valid up to terms of relative order $O(1/\N^2)$ [*everywhere*]{} in the flavor weight diagrams. The parameter $b^{1,8}_{(2)}$ produces deviations from $SU(6)$ symmetry. In the limit $\N \rightarrow 3$, Eqs. (\[trunc\]) lead to the parameter relations $$\begin{aligned}
m_B &&= m_T, \nonumber\\
{\cal C} = -2D , &&\quad {\cal H} = 3D - 9F, \\
S_B &&= {1 \over 3} S_T . \nonumber\end{aligned}$$
The implementation of flavor nonet symmetry on the axial vector baryon-pion couplings raises an interesting subtlety. The spin-$1/2$ baryon $SU(3)$ field with mixed symmetry is written as a tensor with an upper index and a lower index by using the flavor $SU(3)$ $\epsilon$-tensor to replace two antisymmetric upper indices by a single lower index, $$B^{\alpha}_{\beta} = \epsilon_{\beta \gamma \delta}
B^{\alpha \left[ \gamma \delta \right]}.$$ The octet tensor $B^{\alpha}_{\beta}$ transforms in the same manner as the three-index tensor $B^{\alpha \left[ \gamma \delta \right]}$ under $SU(3)$ transformations, since the $\epsilon$-tensor is an invariant tensor under $SU(3)$ transformations. The $\epsilon$-tensor, however, is not invariant under $U(1)$ transformations, so replacing $B^{\alpha \left[ \gamma \delta \right]}$ by $B^{\alpha}_{\beta}$ is not legitimate when $U(3)$ flavor symmetry is present. Nonet flavor symmetry cannot be imposed on the baryon chiral Lagrangian (\[chibary\]) by simply promoting $\V_\mu$ and $\A_\mu$ to a nonet matrices since the Lagrangian is written in terms of $B^{\alpha}_{\beta}$. It is not difficult to work out the condition of nonet symmetry for the baryon axial couplings using $B^{\alpha \left[ \gamma \delta \right]}$, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{snonet}
S_B &&\rightarrow {1 \over 3} \left( 3 F - D \right), \nonumber\\
S_T &&\rightarrow -{1 \over 3} \H \ .\end{aligned}$$ The consistency of Eq. (\[snonet\]) with Eq. (\[axiconstraint\]) can be checked using Eqs. (\[dfch\]) and (\[sbst\]).
The generalization of Eq. (\[snonet\]) to arbitrary $\N$ for the spin-$1/2$ baryons also is of interest. Ref. [@djm] defined the pion octet couplings ${\cal M}$ and ${\cal N}$ of the spin-$1/2$ baryons in terms of the large-$\N$ baryon tensor with one upper index and $\nu = (\N -1)/2$ lower indices. The lesson of $U(3)$ symmetry is that the use of baryon tensors with antisymmetric indices lowered by the flavor $\epsilon$-symbol is to be avoided in the $1/\N$ expansion; for general $\N$, one should work exclusively with $\N$-index baryon flavor tensors. It is straightforward to rewrite these invariants using the $\N$-index flavor tensor $$\label{btensor}
B^{\alpha_1 \left[\alpha_2 \alpha_3 \right] \ldots
\left[ \alpha_{\N-1} \alpha_{\N} \right]}$$ for the spin-$1/2$ baryons. Planar QCD flavor symmetry relates the singlet invariant of the spin-$1/2$ baryons to the octet invariants, $$\label{shalf}
{\cal S}_{1/2} = {1 \over 3} \left( {\cal M} - 2 {\cal N} \right)
+ O\left( {1 \over \N} \right),$$ where ${\cal S}_{1/2}$ is the generalization of $S_B$ for large-$\N$ flavor representations. The $O(1/\N)$ correction to Eq. (\[shalf\]) is due to violation of planar QCD flavor symmetry[^5]. Ref. [@djm] proved that the ratio $${ {\cal N} \over {\cal M}} = {1 \over 2} + {\alpha \over \N}
+ O\left({1 \over {\N^2}} \right),$$ where ${\cal M}$ and ${\cal N}$ are both $O(\N)$. Substitution into Eq. (\[shalf\]) shows that the leading term cancels, so that $$\label{shalftwo}
{ {\cal S}_{1/2} \over {\cal M} } = - {2 \over 3} {\alpha \over \N}
+ O\left({1 \over {\N^2}} \right) ,$$ where the $O(1/\N^2)$ correction depends on nonet symmetry violation and on the $O(1/\N^2)$ contribution to ${\cal N}/ {\cal M}$. Ref. [@djmtwo] showed that $$\alpha = - {3 \over 2} \left( 1 +
{ {b^{1,8}_{(2)}} \over {a^{1,8}_{(1)}} } \right),$$ so Eq. (\[shalftwo\]) implies that the singlet axial current is order $1/\N$ relative to the octet current and that the normalization depends on the ratio of $b_{(2)}^{1,8}$ to $a_{(1)}^{1,8}$ at leading order.
Lagrangian with Quark Mass Flavor Breaking
------------------------------------------
Explicit flavor symmetry breaking enters the baryon chiral Lagrangian through terms containing powers of the quark mass matrix. The leading Lagrangian with a single insertion of the quark mass matrix is presented in this subsection. The singlet and octet components of these linear terms form a nonet at leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion due to planar QCD flavor symmetry. Vacuum realignment generates strong-$CP$ violating terms, which also form a nonet at leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion. Subsection B1 compares the $1/\N$ Lagrangian terms with one insertion of the quark mass matrix to the octet and decuplet Lagrangian with no $1/\N$ expansion. Subsection B2 discusses the implications of nonet symmetry for the proton matrix element $\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right>$.
The leading Lagrangian with one power of the quark mass matrix is given by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{masslag}
\L^{\M}_{\rm baryon} &&=
\Tr \left( \left( \M \overline \Sigma
+ \M^\dagger \overline \Sigma^\dagger \right)
{I \over \sqrt{6}} \right) \H^0 \nonumber\\
&& +\Tr \left( \left( \overline \xi \M \overline \xi
+ \overline \xi^\dagger \M^\dagger \overline \xi^\dagger \right)
{\lambda^3 \over 2} \right)
\H^3 \nonumber\\
&& +\Tr \left( \left( \overline \xi \M \overline \xi
+ \overline \xi^\dagger \M^\dagger \overline \xi^\dagger \right)
{\lambda^8 \over 2} \right)
\H^8 \ ,\end{aligned}$$ where the singlet perturbation to the Hamiltonian $$\H^0 = {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left< \B^\prime \left|
\left( \overline q q \right)_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right>,$$ and the octet $a=3,8$ Hamiltonian perturbations $$\H^{a} = \left< \B^\prime \left|
\left( \overline q {\lambda^a \over 2} q \right)_{\rm QCD}
\right|\B \right>\ .$$ Note that terms containing the pseudocalar mass combination $(\overline \xi \M \overline \xi
- \overline \xi^\dagger \M^\dagger \overline \xi^\dagger )$ are subleading in the $1/\N$ expansion and have been neglected. These terms are suppressed by one factor of $1/\N$ relative to the terms involving $(\overline \xi \M \overline \xi
+ \overline \xi^\dagger \M^\dagger \overline \xi^\dagger )$ since baryon matrix elements of the pseudoscalar QCD quark operators are $O(1/\N)$.
The explicit symmetry breaking perturbations to the baryon Hamiltonian have expansions in $1/\N$. The general expansion of the singlet perturbation has the same form as Eq. (\[massop\]), and reduces to $$\H^0 = b^{0,1}_{(0)} \N \openone + b^{0,1}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} J^2 \nonumber\\$$ for $\N=3$. The general expansion for the $(0,8)$ perturbation was derived in Ref. [@djmtwo], $$\label{hamop}
\H^a = \sum_{n=1}^{\N} b_{(n)}^{0,8} {1 \over \N^{n-1}} {\cal D}_n^a,$$ where ${\cal D}_1^a = T^a$, ${\cal D}_2^a = \{ J^i, G^{ia} \}$ and ${\cal D}_{n+2}^a = \{ J^2, {\cal D}_n^a \}$. Eq. (\[hamop\]) reduces to $$\H^a = b^{0,8}_{(1)} T^a + b^{0,8}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} \{ J^i, G^{ia} \} +
b^{0,8}_{(3)} {1 \over \N^2} \{ J^2, T^a \}$$ for $\N=3$.
Vacuum realignment affects the quark mass terms, resulting in baryon-pion couplings which violate strong $CP$. Eqs. (\[vacalign\]) and (\[massalign\]) imply that the mass combination appearing in Eq. (\[masslag\]) is replaced by[@pich] $$\begin{aligned}
\left( \xi \overline \M \xi + \xi^\dagger \overline \M^\dagger \xi^\dagger
\right) &&= \left( \xi \M(\theta) \xi
+ \xi^\dagger \M^\dagger(\theta) \xi^\dagger \right) \nonumber\\
&&\quad+i {{a \overline \theta} \over {2b}} {1 \over \N}
\left( \Sigma - \Sigma^\dagger \right),\end{aligned}$$ where $\M(\theta)$ and $\overline \theta$ are defined in Sect. II. The term proportional to $\overline \theta$ violates strong $CP$.
Planar QCD flavor symmetry constrains the coefficients of $\L^\M_{\rm baryon}$. At leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion, the coefficients of the singlet perturbation are related to the $a=3,8$ octet coefficients, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{massnonet}
\overline b^{0,1}_{(0)} &&= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} b^{0,8}_{(1)}, \nonumber\\
\overline b^{0,1}_{(2)} &&= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( 2 b^{0,8}_{(2)}
+2 b^{0,8}_{(3)} \right).\end{aligned}$$ The normalization of the singlet perturbation deviates from nonet symmetry at relative order $1/\N$.
The final version of the leading $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian containing explicit symmetry breaking is as follows. The Lagrangian $$\begin{aligned}
\label{lmfinal}
\L^{\M}_{\rm baryon} &&=
\Tr \left( \left( \xi \M(\theta) \xi
+ \xi^\dagger \M^\dagger(\theta) \xi^\dagger \right)
{\lambda^a \over 2} \right)
\H^a \nonumber\\
&& +{1 \over \N} \Tr \left( \left( \M(\theta) \Sigma
+ \M^\dagger(\theta) \Sigma^\dagger \right)
{I \over \sqrt{6}} \right) \H^0\end{aligned}$$ for $a=3,8,9$, respects $CP$. The strong-$CP$ violating Lagrangian is given by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{ltfinal}
\L^{\overline \theta}_{\rm baryon}
&&=i {{a \overline \theta} \over {2b}} {1 \over \N}
\Tr \left( \left( \Sigma - \Sigma^\dagger \right)
{\lambda^a \over 2} \right)
\H^a \nonumber \\
&&i {{a \overline \theta} \over {2b}} {1 \over \N^2}
\Tr \left( \left( \Sigma - \Sigma^\dagger \right)
{I \over \sqrt{6}} \right)
\H^0 \nonumber \\\end{aligned}$$ for $a=3,8,9$. Both of the these Lagrangians exhibit nonet symmetry at leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion. The second terms in Eqs. (\[lmfinal\]) and (\[ltfinal\]) represent planar QCD flavor breaking of relative order $1/\N$ for the singlet perturbation.
### Comparison with Octet and Decuplet Chiral Lagrangian
The quark mass terms of the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian can be compared to the quark mass terms of the octet and decuplet chiral Lagrangian with no $1/\N$ expansion. Strong $CP$ violation is neglected in the following comparison.
To first order in the quark mass matrix, the chiral Lagrangian for the octet and decuplet baryons is given by $$\begin{aligned}
\L^{\M} &&=
\sigma\, \Tr \left( \M \left( \Sigma + \Sigma^\dagger \right) \right)
\Tr \left(\overline B B \right) \nonumber\\
&&-\tilde\sigma\, \Tr \left( \M \left( \Sigma + \Sigma^\dagger \right) \right)
\overline T^\mu T_\mu \nonumber\\
&& +b_D\, \Tr \overline B \left\{ \left( \xi^\dagger \M \xi^\dagger
+ \xi \M \xi \right), B \right\} \nonumber\\
&& +b_F\, \Tr \overline B \left[ \left( \xi^\dagger \M \xi^\dagger
+ \xi \M \xi \right), B \right] \nonumber\\
&& +c\,
\overline T^\mu \left( \xi^\dagger \M \xi^\dagger + \xi \M \xi \right) T_\mu ,\end{aligned}$$ where $\sigma$ and $\tilde \sigma$ are the singlet quark mass parameters of the octet and decuplet, respectively. The parameters $b_D$ and $b_F$ describe the flavor octet quark mass splittings of the baryon octet, whereas the parameter $c$ describes the flavor octet quark mass splittings of the baryon decuplet.
There is a one-to-one correspondence between the parameters of the octet and decuplet chiral Lagrangian and the coefficients of the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian at $\N=3$. The singlet quark mass parameters are related to the $1/\N$ singlet coefficients by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{sst}
\sigma &&= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( 3 b^{0,1}_{(0)}
+ {1 \over 4} b^{0,1}_{(2)} \right), \nonumber\\
\tilde \sigma &&= {1 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( 3 b^{0,1}_{(0)}
+ {5 \over 4} b^{0,1}_{(2)}\right) .\end{aligned}$$ The octet quark mass parameters are related to the $1/\N$ octet coefficients by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{bdbfc}
&&b_D = {1 \over 4} b^{0,8}_{(2)}, \nonumber\\
&&b_F = {1 \over 2} b^{0,8}_{(1)} + {1 \over 6} b^{0,8}_{(2)}
+{1 \over {12}} b^{0,8}_{(3)},\\
&&c = - {3 \over 2} b^{0,8}_{(1)} - {5 \over 4} b^{0,8}_{(2)}
- {5 \over 4} b^{0,8}_{(3)}. \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ Notice that the leading octet coefficient $b^{0,8}_{(1)}$ is pure $F$ and does not contribute to $b_D$.
Relations (\[sst\]) and (\[bdbfc\]) are valid for $\N$ set equal to three. For arbitrary $\N$, the $1/\N$ expansions of the singlet and octet perturbations can be truncated for baryons with spins of order unity. The leading singlet truncation $$\H^0 = b^{0,1}_{(0)} \N \openone$$ implies the parameter relation $$\sigma = \tilde \sigma$$ up to a correction of relative order $1/\N^2$. For the $a=8$ perturbation, the leading truncation is $$\label{heighttrunc}
\H^8 = b^{0,8}_{(1)} T^8,$$ up to a correction of order $1/\N$ since the mass splittings produced by the operators $T^8$ and $\{J^i, G^{i8}\}$ are both order unity in the $1/\N$ expansion[@jl]. Eq. (\[heighttrunc\]) leads to the parameter relations $$\label{bcrel}
b_F = -{1 \over 3} c, \quad b_D=0,$$ which are valid at order unity in the $1/\N$ expansion. The subleading truncation $$\H^8 = b^{0,8}_{(1)} T^8 + b^{0,8}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} \{ J^i, G^{i8} \}$$ is valid up to a correction of order $1/\N^2$. One linear combination of the two parameter relations Eq. (\[bcrel\]) survives at this order, $$\label{relbc}
\left( b_D + b_F \right) = -{1 \over 3} c.$$ The correction to this relation is order $1/\N^2$. Eq. (\[relbc\]) is in excellent agreement with the experimental values $b_D m_s \sim 30\ {\rm MeV}$, $b_F m_s \sim -95\ {\rm MeV}$, and $2c m_s/3 \sim 150\ {\rm MeV}$ extracted in Ref. [@jmasses][^6].
Planar QCD flavor symmetry relates the singlet quark mass parameters to the octet mass parameters, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{sigmanonet}
\sigma &&\rightarrow {1 \over 3}\left( 3 b_F - b_D \right), \nonumber\\
\tilde\sigma &&\rightarrow -{1 \over 3} c.\end{aligned}$$ The consistency of Eq. (\[sigmanonet\]) with Eq. (\[massnonet\]) can be checked using Eqs. (\[sst\]) and (\[bdbfc\]).
### The Proton Matrix Element $\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right>$
Nonet symmetry amongst the linear quark mass splittings of the baryons has implications for the analysis of the proton matrix element $\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right>$. The analysis of the linear in $m_s$ contribution to this matrix element is discussed in this subsection. The affect of contributions to the proton mass which are nonlinear in quark masses can be computed using the methods of Sect. IV.
The proton matrix element of the strange quark mass operator is obtained by differentiation of the proton mass with respect to $m_s$, $$\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right> = m_s
{{\partial m_p} \over {\partial m_s}} .$$ The standard chiral Lagrangian expansion of the proton mass to linear order in the quark masses is $$\begin{aligned}
m_p &&= m_B -2 \sigma \left( m_u + m_d + m_s \right)
+ 2 \left( b_F - b_D \right) m_s \nonumber\\
&&- 2 \left( b_F + b_D \right) m_u + {\rm nonlinear}\ldots,\end{aligned}$$ which implies that $$\label{msss}
\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right> = 2 \left(
-\sigma + b_F - b_D \right) m_s
+ {\rm nonlinear} \ldots$$ Substitution of the nonet symmetry relation Eq. (\[sigmanonet\]) leads to an exact cancellation of the $b_F$ term in the nonet symmetry limit.
It is instructive to study this cancellation in the $1/\N$ expansion. Expanding the proton mass to linear order in quark masses using the $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian, and differentiation with respect to $m_s$ leads to $$\begin{aligned}
\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right> &&= -{2 \over\sqrt{6}}
\left( \N b^{0,1}_{(0)} + {3 \over 4} {1 \over \N} b^{0,1}_{(2)} \right)
m_s \nonumber\\
&&+{1 \over 3} \left( \N b^{0,8}_{(1)} + {3 \over 2}{1 \over \N} b^{0,8}_{(2)}
+ {3 \over 2}{1 \over \N} b^{0,8}_{(3)} \right) m_s \\
&&+ {\rm nonlinear} \ldots,\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where the relations $$\begin{aligned}
\label{t8g8}
T^8 &&= {1 \over {2\sqrt{3}}} \left( \N - 3 N_s \right), \nonumber\\
G^{i8} &&= {1 \over {2\sqrt{3}}} \left( J^i - 3 J^i_s \right),\end{aligned}$$ have been used to evaluate proton matrix elements. The nonet symmetry conditions Eq. (\[massnonet\]) result in an exact cancellation amongst the singlet and octet quark mass contributions. Thus, the linear contribution to $\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right>$ is produced entirely by violation of nonet symmetry at order $1/\N$ in the $1/\N$ expansion, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{sbars}
\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right> &&=
O\left( {1 \over \N} \right) + {\rm nonlinear} \ldots,\end{aligned}$$ where the $O(1/\N)$ term represents $1/\N$-breaking of nonet symmetry in the singlet channel. The above remarks generalize to arbitrary $\N$ if the proton is identified with the strangeness-zero baryon of the spin-$1/2$ large-$\N$ flavor representation. The $1/\N$ suppression of Eq. (\[sbars\]) occurs because the proton contains no strange quarks, so that the leading contribution to $\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right>$ comes from diagrams with a single quark loop (Fig. 5)[@luty] in violation of planar QCD flavor symmetry.
It is conventional to rewrite Eq. (\[msss\]) in terms of the sigma term $$\begin{aligned}
\sigma_{\pi N} &&\equiv \hat m \left< p \left|
\overline u u +\overline d d \right| p \right> \nonumber\\
&&= -2 \hat m \left( 2 \sigma + b_D + b_F \right)
+ {\rm nonlinear}\ldots,\end{aligned}$$ so that $$\begin{aligned}
\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right> &&=
m_s \left( 3 b_F - b_D \right) + {1 \over 2} \left({m_s \over {\hat m}}
\right) \sigma_{\pi N} \nonumber\\
&&\quad+ {\rm nonlinear}\ldots\end{aligned}$$ Nonet symmetry amongst the linear quark couplings implies a significant cancellation between the first term and the sigma term. This cancellation explains sensitivity of central value of the proton matrix element to the precise value of $\sigma_{\pi N}$.
Nonanalytic Corrections
=======================
The procedure for calculating non-analytic pion-loop corrections using the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian is examined in this section. Aspects of this problem have been treated previously in Refs. [@dm; @j; @djm; @ddjm; @lm; @lmw]. The calculation of nonanalytic corrections to baryon amplitudes in the $1/\N$ expansion at finite $\N$ introduces a number of issues which have not been addressed before. A sample calculation of the flavor $\bf 27$ nonanalytic contribution to the baryon masses is presented in detail to illustrate the technique.
The Feynman rules for baryon-pion couplings can be obtained from the $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian $\L_{\rm baryon}$ and $\L_{\rm baryon}^\M$. The baryon propagator is given by inversion of the quadratic terms in the Lagrangian. This inversion is complicated by the presence of the hyperfine and quark mass splittings. In the chiral limit, $m_i \rightarrow 0$, the baryon propagator is diagonal in spin, and can be written as $$\label{prop}
{ {i \P_\jmath} \over {\left( k^0 - \Delta_\jmath \right) } },$$ where $\P_\jmath$ is a spin projection operator for spin $J=\jmath$ and $$\Delta_\jmath = M_{\rm hyperfine}\Big\vert_{J^2 = \jmath (\jmath+1)}
-M_{\rm hyperfine}\Big\vert_{J^2 = \jmath_{\rm ext} (\jmath_{\rm ext}+1)}$$ is the difference of the hyperfine mass splitting for spin $J=\jmath$ and the external baryon. For $p$-wave pion emission, $\Delta_\jmath$ is given by $$\Delta_\jmath = \cases{ {1 \over \N} 2 \jmath \ m^{0,1}_{(2)},
&$\jmath_{\rm ext} = \jmath -1$ \cr
\ 0, &$\jmath_{\rm ext} = \jmath$ \cr
-{1 \over \N} 2 \jmath \ m^{0,1}_{(2)},
&$\jmath_{\rm ext} = \jmath +1$ \cr }$$ at leading order $1/\N$ in the $1/\N$ expansion, with subleading terms beginning at order $1/\N^3$. Eq. (\[prop\]) solves the inversion problem in the chiral limit in terms of spin projection operators.
For arbitrary finite $\N$, the baryon tower consists of spins $J=1/2,3/2,\ldots,\N/2$. Each spin projection operator must satisfy $$\begin{aligned}
&&\P_\jmath^2 = \P_\jmath , \nonumber\\
&&\P_{\jmath^\prime} \P_\jmath =0, \qquad \jmath^\prime \ne \jmath,\end{aligned}$$ by definition. An explicit realization of these conditions is given by $$\label{proj}
\P_\jmath ={
{ \prod_{\jmath^\prime \ne \jmath}
\left( J^2 - J_{\jmath^\prime}^2 \right)} \over
{ \prod_{\jmath^\prime \ne \jmath}
\left( J_\jmath^2 - J_{\jmath^\prime}^2 \right) }
},$$ where the projection operator for spin $J_\jmath$ is given by the product over all $J_{\jmath^\prime} = 1/2,3/2,\ldots,\N/2$ not equal to $J_\jmath$. For example, the spin-$1/2$ and $3/2$ projectors are given by $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{1 \over 2} &&= {
{ \left( J^2 - { {15} \over 4} \right) \left( J^2 - { {35} \over 4} \right)
\ldots \left( J^2 - {\N \over 2} \left( {\N \over 2} +1 \right) \right) }
\over
{ \left( {3 \over 4} - { {15} \over 4} \right)
\left( {3 \over 4} - { {35} \over 4} \right)\ldots
\left( {3 \over 4} - {\N \over 2} \left( {\N \over 2} +1 \right) \right) }
},
\nonumber\\
\P_{3 \over 2} &&= {
{ \left( J^2 - { {3} \over 4} \right) \left( J^2 - { {35} \over 4} \right)
\ldots \left( J^2 - {\N \over 2} \left( {\N \over 2} +1 \right) \right) }
\over
{ \left( {{15} \over 4} - { {3} \over 4} \right)
\left( {{15} \over 4} - { {35} \over 4} \right)\ldots
\left( {{15} \over 4} - {\N \over 2} \left( {\N \over 2} +1 \right) \right) }
}.\end{aligned}$$ Each of the projection operators Eq. (\[proj\]) is a polynomial of degree $(\N-1)/2$ in $J^2$.
For $\N=3$, there are only two spins in the baryon tower. The spin projectors reduce to $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{1\over 2} &&= - {1 \over 3} \left( J^2 - {{15} \over 4} \right),
\nonumber\\
\P_{3\over 2} &&= {1 \over 3} \left( J^2 - {3 \over 4} \right),\end{aligned}$$ and the baryon propagator has the form Eq. (\[prop\]) with $$\begin{aligned}
\Delta_{1\over 2} &&= \cases{0, &$\jmath_{\rm ext} = {1 / 2}$\cr
- \Delta, &$\jmath_{\rm ext} = {3 / 2}$\cr}\nonumber\\
\Delta_{3\over 2} &&= \cases{\Delta, &$\jmath_{\rm ext} = {1 / 2}$\cr
0, &$\jmath_{\rm ext} = {3 / 2}$\cr}\end{aligned}$$ where $$\Delta = {3 \over \N} m^{0,1}_{(2)}.$$
Away from the chiral limit, quark mass splittings must be considered in the inversion of the baryon quadratic terms. Baryon mass splittings which are comparable to the pion octet masses are to be retained in the baryon propagator. For large-$\N$ baryons, the leading hyperfine baryon mass splitting is order $\Lambda/\N$ whereas the leading quark mass splittings are order $m_i$[^7]. For QCD with $\N=3$, these splittings satisfy the hierarchy $$m_u,\ m_d \ll m_s < {\Lambda \over \N} \ .$$ Only the leading quark mass splittings proportional to $b^{0,8}_{(1)} T^8$ and the hyperfine mass splitting are comparable to the pion octet masses in QCD. Keeping these two splittings amounts to the neglect of isospin-breaking quark mass splittings and subleading quark mass splittings of order $m_i/\N$. The $T^8$ operator leads to spin-independent baryon mass splittings which are linear in the number of strange quarks. The baryon propagator is diagonal in spin and strange quark number and is given by $$\label{proptwo}
{ {i \, \P_\jmath \, \P_{n_s}(\jmath) \, \P_\jmath} \over
{\left( k^0 - \Delta_\jmath - \Delta_{n_s} \right) } },$$ where $\P_{n_s}(\jmath)$ is the $N_s = n_s$ strange quark projection operator of the spin-$\jmath$ flavor representation, and (neglecting strong-$CP$ violation) $$\Delta_{n_s} = {1 \over {2}} b^{0,8}_{(1)} (m_u + m_d - 2 m_s )
\left( n_s - n_{s \rm ext} \right),$$ is the $T^8$ quark mass difference of the propagating baryon and the external baryon. Eq. (\[proptwo\]) solves the inversion problem in terms of strange quark projection operators.
The spin $J= \jmath$ large-$\N$ flavor representation contains baryons with $N_s =0,1,\ldots,(\N+2 \jmath)/2$ strange quarks. Strange-quark number projection operators can be defined for the spin-$\jmath$ flavor representation in analogy to the spin projection operators, $$\P_{n_s}(\jmath) ={
{ \prod_{n_s^\prime \ne n_s}
\left( N_s - {n_s^\prime} \right)} \over
{ \prod_{n_s^\prime \ne n_s}
\left( {n_s} - {n_s^\prime} \right)}
},$$ where the projection operator for $n_s$ strange quarks is given by the product over all $n_s^\prime = 0,1,\ldots,(\N+2 \jmath)/2$ not equal to $n_s$. For example, the zero and one strange quark projection operators for the spin-$\jmath$ baryons are given by $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{0}(\jmath) &&= {
{ \left( N_s - 1 \right) \left( N_s - 2 \right)
\ldots \left( N_s - \left({{\N+ 2 \jmath} \over 2}\right) \right) }
\over
{ \left( -1 \right)
\left( -2 \right)\ldots
\left( -\left( {{\N+ 2 \jmath} \over 2} \right) \right) }
},
\nonumber\\
\P_{1}(\jmath) &&= {
{ N_s \left( N_s - 2 \right)
\ldots \left( N_s - \left({{\N+ 2 \jmath} \over 2}\right) \right) }
\over
{ \left( 1 \right)
\left( -1 \right)\ldots
\left( 1 - \left({{\N+ 2 \jmath} \over 2}\right) \right) }
}.\end{aligned}$$ Note that the projectors are different for each flavor representation with a definite spin $J=\jmath$, since the allowed strangeness sectors of a large-$\N$ flavor representation depends on its spin. Each strange-quark number projection operator for spin $J=\jmath$ is a polynomial of degree $(\N+2 \jmath)/2$ in $N_s$.
For $\N=3$, the spin-$1/2$ flavor representation contains baryons with $0$, $1$, and $2$ strange quarks, while the spin-$3/2$ flavor representation contains baryons with $0$, $1$, $2$, and $3$ strange quarks. The $J=1/2$ strange quark projection operators reduce to $$\begin{aligned}
\P_0({1 /2})
&&={1 \over 2}\left( N_s -1 \right) \left( N_s -2 \right), \nonumber\\
\P_1({1 / 2}) &&=-N_s\left( N_s -2 \right), \\
\P_2({1 / 2}) &&={1 \over 2}N_s \left( N_s -1 \right), \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ whereas the $J=3/2$ strange quark projection operators reduce to $$\begin{aligned}
\P_0({3 / 2}) &&=-{1 \over 6}\left( N_s -1 \right) \left( N_s -2 \right)
\left( N_s -3 \right), \nonumber\\
\P_1({3 / 2})
&&={1 \over 2}N_s\left( N_s -2 \right)\left( N_s -3 \right), \nonumber\\
\P_2({3 / 2}) &&=-{1 \over 2}N_s\left( N_s -1 \right)\left( N_s -3 \right), \\
\P_3({3 / 2})
&&={1 \over 6}N_s \left( N_s -1 \right) \left( N_s -2 \right). \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ The baryon propagator has the form Eq. (\[proptwo\]) with $\Delta_{n_s}$ given by plus and minus $$\Delta_{s} ={1 \over 2} b^{0,8}_{(1)} (m_u + m_d - 2 m_s )$$ for $\Delta S= \pm 1$ transitions.
The generalization of the baryon propagator Eq. (\[proptwo\]) to include all subleading quark mass splittings is provided in Appendix A for completeness.
Flavor-[**27**]{} Baryon Mass Splittings
----------------------------------------
Flavor singlet and octet baryon mass splittings are present in the $1/\N$ baryon chiral Lagrangian. The flavor-$\bf 27$ mass splittings of the octet and decuplet are calculable and nonanalytic in the quark masses and baryon hyperfine mass splitting at leading order in chiral perturbation theory. This mass splitting arises from the Feynman diagram Fig. 6. The computation of the flavor-$\bf 27$ component of Fig. 6 for finite $\N$, $\N=3$, is presented in detail in this section. Computations at larger $\N$ are less interesting physically and more complicated to extrapolate to $\N=3$ because unphysical baryons participate as intermediate states in loop diagrams[@dm; @j], and there are higher partial wave meson-baryon couplings which occur at subleading orders[@djmtwo].
The loop diagram Fig. 6 involves $\pi$, $K$ and $\eta$ emission and reabsorption. The $\eta^\prime$ meson is not included in the loop since it is not soft relative to the baryons in QCD. For degenerate heavy hadrons interacting with mesons, the diagram Fig. 6 depends on a function $F(m)$ of the meson mass $m$, which is obtained by performing the Feynman loop integral. Neglecting isospin breaking, i.e. the $(m_d - m_u)$ quark mass difference, the diagram depends on the function $F(m)$ for three meson mass values, $F(\pi)$, $F(K)$, and $F(\eta)$, where the meson mass is denoted by its particle label. Any meson loop integral with the exchange of a single meson, in which a meson of flavor $a$ is emitted and a meson of flavor $b$ is reabsorbed, can be written as a symmetric tensor with two adjoint (octet) indices $a$ and $b$. This symmetric tensor decomposes into flavor singlet, adjoint ($\bf 8$) and $\overline s s$ ($\bf 27$) representations, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{pitensor}
\Pi^{ab}&&=\frac 1 8 \left( 3 F(\pi) + 4 F(K) + F(\eta) \right)
\delta^{ab}\nonumber\\
&&+ \frac {2\sqrt{3}} 5
\left( \frac 3 2 F(\pi) - F(K) - \frac 1 2 F(\eta) \right) d^{ab8} \nonumber\\
&&+ \left( \frac 1 3 F(\pi) - \frac 4 3 F(K) + F(\eta) \right) \times \\
&&\qquad \left( \delta^{a8} \delta^{b8} - \frac 1 8 \delta^{ab}
- \frac 3 5 d^{ab8} d^{888} \right) \ , \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where the flavor singlet, octet and $\bf 27$ tensors in Eq. (\[pitensor\]) are proportional to flavor singlet, octet and $\bf 27$ linear combinations of $F(\pi)$, $F(K)$ and $F(\eta)$.
For the Feynman diagram Fig. 6 with propagator $i/k^0$, $$F(m) = {m^3 \over {24 \pi f_\pi^2} }.$$ The flavor-$\bf 27$ combination of this function, $$\left( \frac 1 3 F(\pi) - \frac 4 3 F(K) + F(\eta) \right),$$ is highly suppressed relative to the singlet and octet combinations, and is numerically very small, of the order $4$ MeV. For comparison, the flavor singlet combination of this function is about $126$ MeV, while the flavor octet combination is about $-38$ MeV. This suppression of the flavor-$\bf 27$ combination is generic in chiral perturbation theory. It explains the small violation of the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula for baryon masses, which is $6.5$ MeV[^8], as well as the small flavor-$\bf 27$ mixing of the vector mesons[@vector]. The suppression mechanism also applies to other meson-loop corrections involving $\Pi^{ab}$, such as flavor-$\bf 27$ chiral logarithmic corrections to vertices with $$F(m) = {m^2 \over {24 \pi^2 f_\pi^2}} \ln \left({ m^2 \over \mu^2 }\right).$$ The flavor-$\bf 27$ chiral logarithm is numerically $0.035$. Note that the $\mu$-dependence of the chiral logarithm cancels at leading order in the $\bf 27$ combination using the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula for meson masses[@banerjee; @martin] $$\frac 1 3 m_\pi^2 - \frac 4 3 m_K^2 + m_\eta^2 =0.$$
The computation of Fig. 6 is complicated significantly by the inclusion of baryon mass splittings in the baryon propagator. In this case, the Feynman integral is a nonanalytic function of the baryon mass splitting $\Delta$ as well as the meson mass squared. The function $F(m, \Delta)$ is defined by the integral $$\begin{aligned}
\label{funcF}
i \,\delta^{ij}\ F(m, \Delta) &&={1 \over f^2}\int { {d^4k} \over
{(2\pi)^4} }\
{{i^2 ({\bf k}^i) (-{\bf k}^j)}\over
{(k^2 - m^2) (k^0 - \Delta) }}.\end{aligned}$$ The precise formula for $F(m,\Delta)$ is given in Appendix B. The computation of Fig. 6 is performed in this section using the baryon propagator Eq. (\[prop\]), which neglects baryon flavor mass splittings, since the generalization to the propagator Eq. (\[proptwo\]) can be obtained immediately from this formula. With baryon propagator Eq. (\[prop\]), the flavor-$\bf 27$ component of the meson tensor is given by $$\Pi^{ab}_{27} =
\left( \delta^{a8} \delta^{b8} - \frac 1 8 \delta^{ab}
- \frac 3 5 d^{ab8} d^{888} \right)
I(\pi, K, \eta,\Delta),$$ where $$\label{imd}
I(\pi,K,\eta,\Delta) = \left( \frac 1 3 F(\pi,\Delta)
- \frac 4 3 F(K, \Delta) + F(\eta, \Delta) \right) \ .$$ Neglect of the $T^8$ quark mass splitting $\Delta_s$ affects only the kaon loop graphs which involve $\Delta S= \pm1$ transitions. The generalization of $I(\pi,K,\eta,\Delta)$ to $I(\pi,K,\eta,\Delta,\Delta_s)$ is obtained by the replacement $$\label{idels}
F(K,\Delta) \rightarrow {1 \over 2} \left( F(K, \Delta+ \Delta_s)
+ F(K,\Delta-\Delta_s) \right)$$ in Eq. (\[imd\]).
The diagram Fig. 6 is given by the product of a baryon operator times the pion flavor tensor. Using the baryon propagator Eq. (\[prop\]), Fig. 6 is given by $$\label{diagram}
{1 \over \N} \sum_\jmath \left( A^{ia} \P_\jmath A^{ib} \right)\
\Pi^{ab}_{27}\left( \Delta_\jmath \right),$$ for arbitrary $\N$ where the baryon axial vector current operator $A^{ia}$ has a $1/\N$ expansion Eq. (\[axin\]). The explicit factor of $1/\N$ occurs from the rescaling $f_\pi \rightarrow \sqrt{\N} f$. Eq. (\[diagram\]) reduces to $$\label{diagop}
{1 \over \N}\left( A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8}
\ \, I(\Delta_{1\over 2})
+ A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8}
\ \, I(\Delta_{3\over 2}) \right)$$ for $\N=3$, where $A^{i8}$ has the $1/\N$ expansion Eq. (\[aia\]). and the baryon operator is understood to be a $(0,{\bf 27})$, so that subtraction of flavor singlet and octet components of the baryon operator is implicit in the present notation. The function $I(\pi,K,\eta,\Delta_\jmath)$ is abbreviated as $I(\Delta_\jmath)$ in Eq. (\[diagop\]).
The evaluation of Eq. (\[diagop\]) raises an important issue. The baryon operator product of the two axial currents generates $n$-body operators with $n> \N$ which are not operators in the operator basis at finite $\N$. In order to made sense of this operator product, all of these higher body operators must be rewritten as linear combinations of operators in the operator basis with $n\le \N$. Since the operator basis is complete and independent[@djmtwo], this reduction is always possible. In practice, however, this operator reduction is formidable even for the product of two axial vector currents. The problem is solved in this work using spin projection operators. The introduction of spin projection operators makes operator reduction tractable and straightforward. The details are presented in Appendix B.
There are two flavor-$\bf 27$ combinations of baryon masses, the Gell-Mann–Okubo combination of octet baryon masses $${3 \over 4} \Lambda + {1 \over 4} \Sigma - {1 \over 2}
\left( N + \Xi \right),$$ and the decuplet equal spacing rule combination[@jl], $$-{4 \over 7} \Delta + {5 \over 7} \Sigma^* + {2 \over 7} \Xi^*
-{3 \over 7} \Omega \ .$$ Violation of the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula is given by $${1 \over \N}\left( \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
\ \,I(0)
+\P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
\ \,I(\Delta) \right),$$ whereas violation of the flavor-$\bf 27$ equal spacing rule is given by $${1 \over \N}\left( \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
\ \,I(0)
+\P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
\ \,I(-\Delta) \right) \ .$$ Evaluation of the baryon operators yields $$\begin{aligned}
\label{gmo}
&&{3 \over 4} \Lambda + {1 \over 4} \Sigma - {1 \over 2}
\left( N + \Xi \right)
= \nonumber\\
&&\ {1 \over \N} \left[ \left(
{ 1 \over {16}} a_{1}^2
+ {3 \over 4} {1 \over \N} a_{1} b_{2}
+{9 \over {16}}{1 \over \N^2} b_{2}^2
+ {3 \over 8} {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} b_{3} \right. \right. \nonumber\\
&&\qquad\qquad +\left. {9 \over 4} {1 \over \N^3} b_{2} b_{3}
+ {9 \over {16}} {1 \over \N^4} b_{3}^2
\right) I(0)
\nonumber\\
&&\qquad +\left. \left(
{1 \over {8}} a_{1}^2 +{9 \over 8} {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} c_{3}
+ {{81} \over {32}} {1 \over \N^4} c_{3}^2
\right) I(\Delta)
\right],\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{esr}
&&-{4 \over 7} \Delta + {5 \over 7} \Sigma^* + {2 \over 7} \Xi^*
-{3 \over 7} \Omega =\nonumber\\
&&\ {1 \over \N} \left[ \left(
{ {5} \over {8}} a_{1}^2
+ {{15} \over 4} {1 \over \N} a_{1} b_{2}
+{{45} \over 8}{1 \over \N^2} b_{2}^2
+ {{75} \over 4} {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} b_{3} \right.\right.\nonumber\\
&&\qquad\qquad + \left. {{225} \over 4} {1 \over \N^3} b_{2} b_{3}
+ {{1125} \over 8} {1 \over \N^4} b_{3}^2
\right) I(0)
\nonumber\\
&&\qquad -\left. \left(
{1 \over {4}} a_{1}^2 +{9 \over 4} {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} c_{3}
+{{81} \over {16}} {1 \over \N^4} c_{3}^2
\right) I(-\Delta)
\right],\end{aligned}$$ where $a_1$, $b_2$, $b_3$ and $c_3$ are the coefficients of the $1/\N$ expansion for the baryon axial vector current Eq. (\[aia\]). Eqs. (\[gmo\]) and (\[esr\]) can be compared with the expressions obtained in chiral perturbation theory with no $1/\N$ expansion[@jmasses], $$\left(-{3 \over 4} \left( D^2 - 3 F^2 \right)
\ \overline I(0)
+ {1 \over 8} {\cal C}^2 \ \overline I(\Delta) \right)$$ and $$\left({{5} \over {18}} {\cal H}^2 \
\overline I(0)
- {1 \over 4} {\cal C}^2 \ \overline I(-\Delta) \right),$$ respectively, where the function $\overline I(\Delta) = I(\Delta) /\N$ is proportional to $1/f_\pi^2$ rather than $1/f^2$. Eqs. (\[gmo\]) and (\[esr\]) agree with these expressions for $\N=3$, using the identifications Eq. (\[dfch\]).
Ref. [@jl] showed that the two flavor-$\bf 27$ baryon mass splittings are described by the $1/\N$ operators $$c^{27,0}_{(2)} {1 \over \N} \{T^8, T^8 \}
+ c^{27,0}_{(3)} {1 \over \N^2} \{T^8, \{ J^i, G^{i8} \} \} \ ,$$ so that one of the flavor-$\bf 27$ mass splittings is order $1/\N$ in the $1/\N$ expansion, whereas the other is order $1/\N^2$. This behavior is most easily seen for $\Delta=0$, where the $c^{27,0}_{(2)}$ mass combination is given by $$\begin{aligned}
&&
5 \left({3 \over 4} \Lambda + {1 \over 4} \Sigma - {1 \over 2}
\left( N + \Xi \right) \right) - \left(
-{4 \over 7} \Delta + {5 \over 7} \Sigma^* + {2 \over 7} \Xi^*
-{3 \over 7} \Omega \right)\nonumber\\
&&= {9 \over {16}} {1 \over \N} a_1^2 \ I(\pi, K, \eta,0)
+ O\left({1 \over \N^3} \right),\end{aligned}$$ while the $c^{27,0}_{(3)}$ mass combination is given by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{massii}
&&-2 \left({3 \over 4} \Lambda + {1 \over 4} \Sigma - {1 \over 2}
\left( N + \Xi \right)\right) + \left(
-{4 \over 7} \Delta + {5 \over 7} \Sigma^* + {2 \over 7} \Xi^*
-{3 \over 7} \Omega \right) \nonumber\\
&&={9 \over 4}{1 \over \N^2} a_1 b_2 \
I(\pi, K, \eta,0)
+ O\left({1 \over \N^3}\right),\end{aligned}$$ so that $$\begin{aligned}
\label{dzerocoeff}
c^{27,0}_{(2)} &&= {1 \over 8} a_1^2 \ I(\pi,K,\eta,0)
+ O\left({1 \over \N^2} \right), \nonumber\\
c^{27,0}_{(3)} &&= {1 \over 2} a_1 b_2 \ I(\pi,K,\eta,0)
+ O\left({1 \over \N} \right).\end{aligned}$$ Notice that there is no $a_1 b_2$ contribution to the $2$-body flavor-$\bf 27$ coefficient and no $a_1^2$ contribution to $3$-body coefficient for $\Delta=0$. For nonvanishing $\Delta$, it is still true that the first flavor-$\bf 27$ mass splitting is order $1/\N$, while the second is order $1/\N^2$. The $1/\N$ counting is not explicit, however, since $\Delta$ is implicitly order $1/\N$. The expressions for the coefficients for $\Delta \ne 0$ are more complicated, $$\begin{aligned}
c^{27,0}_{(2)} &&= {1 \over 3} a_1^2 \
\left( -{5 \over {24}} I(0) + {5 \over {12}} I(\Delta) + {1 \over 6}
I(-\Delta) \right)
+ O\left({1 \over \N^2} \right), \nonumber\\
c^{27,0}_{(3)} &&=
{1 \over {18}} \N\, a_1^2
\ \left( 2 I(0) - I(\Delta) - I(-\Delta) \right)\\
&&\ +{1 \over 2} a_1 b_2 \ I(0) + O\left({1 \over \N} \right).\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ As before, the coefficient $c^{27,0}_{(2)}$ does not depend on $a_1 b_2$. The coefficient $c^{27,0}_{(3)}$, however, now appears to have an order $\N$ contribution proportional to $a_1^2$ which changes the $1/\N$ counting for this mass splitting. This appearance is illusory. Recall that the function $I(\pi,K,\eta,\Delta)$ depends on the the meson masses and $\Delta$ through the function $F(m, \Delta)$ defined in Appendix B. For $\vert \Delta \vert \le m$, the linear combination $2 F(m,0) - F(m, \Delta) - F(m, -\Delta)$ is order $1/\N^2$, so the term proportional to $a_1^2$ is $O(1/\N)$ and can be neglected relative to leading $a_1 b_2$ term. For $\vert \Delta \vert > m$, the same linear combination reduces to $2 F(m,0)$, which is smaller than an effect of order $1/\N^3$ since, by assumption, $m^3 < \Delta^3$. Thus, the $3$-body coefficient reduces to the expression given in Eq. (\[dzerocoeff\]) even for non-vanishing $\Delta$.
The theoretical calculation of the flavor-[**27**]{} mass splittings can be compared with experiment. The experimental value of the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass splitting is $6.53$ MeV with negligible uncertainty. The flavor-$\bf 27$ equal spacing rule mass splitting depends on the unmeasured $\Delta^-$ mass which enters the isospin zero mass $\Delta_0 \equiv (\Delta^{++} + \Delta^{+} + \Delta^0 + \Delta^{-})/4$. The $\Delta^-$ mass can be determined from the mass relation $$\label{delthree}
\Delta^{++} - 3 \Delta^+ + 3 \Delta^0 - \Delta^- =0,$$ which is satisfied to order $1/\N^2$ in the $1/\N$ expansion and to second order in isospin-breaking parameters[@jl]. Numerically, the $I=3$ mass difference of the $\Delta$ is at most of order $10^{-3}$ MeV, so neglect of this mass difference introduces negligible error in the determination of $\Delta^-$. Using the value for $\Delta^-$ extracted with Eq. (\[delthree\]) and Particle Data Group values [@pdg] for the remaining $\Delta$ masses[^9] yields $\Delta_0 = 1231.3 \pm 1.1$ MeV. Evaluation of the flavor-$\bf 27$ equal spacing rule mass splitting using $\Delta_0$ and Particle Data Group values for the remaining decuplet masses gives $6.75$ MeV, with an uncertainty of $0.004$ MeV.
The theoretical formulae depend on the two mass splittings $\Delta$ and $\Delta_s$, and the flavor symmetric baryon-pion couplings $a_1$, $b_2$, $b_3$ and $c_3$ (or equivalently, $D$, $F$, ${\cal C}$ and ${\cal H}$). The mass splittings can be defined precisely[@jl]: $$\begin{aligned}
\Delta &&= {1 \over {10}} \left( 4 \Delta_0 + 3 \Sigma_0^* + 2 \Xi^*_0 +
\Omega \right) \nonumber\\
&&\qquad - {1 \over 8} \left( 2 N_0 + 3 \Sigma_0 + \Lambda + 2 \Xi_0
\right)\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\Delta_s &&= {1 \over {10}} \left( \Delta_0 - {1 \over 2}\Xi_0^* -
{1 \over 2}\Omega \right) \nonumber\\
&&\qquad
- {1 \over 8} \left( 6 N_0 - 3 \Sigma_0 + \Lambda - 4 \Xi_0 \right),\end{aligned}$$ where the zero subscripts refer to the $I=0$ mass combinations defined in Ref. [@jl]. Evaluation of the mass splittings yields $\Delta = 230.7 \pm 0.1$ MeV and $\Delta_s = 225.7 \pm 0.03$ MeV. The baryon axial couplings were extracted from experiment in Ref. [@ddjm]. The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass combination depends primarily on the coefficients $a_1$ and $b_2$, which are fairly well-determined. The flavor-[**27**]{} equal spacing rule mass combination, however, is sensitive to the value of $b_3$ which is difficult to extract from experiment[^10]. This sensitivity is due to the large numerical constants of the $b_3$ terms appearing in Eq. (\[esr\]), which in turn is a reflection of the fact that the spin-$3/2$ flavor representation is at the top of the baryon tower for $\N=3$ so the presumption $J/\N \sim O(1/\N)$ is breaking down.
Besides the uncertainty of the baryon axial couplings, numerical evaluation of the theoretical formulae for the flavor-[**27**]{} mass splittings is further complicated by the sensitivity of the numerics to the precise formulae which are used. For example, imposition of the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula for the meson masses changes the numerical value of the function $I(\pi,K,\eta,\Delta)$ considerably. In addition, the generalization of the theoretical formulae to include $\Delta_s$ through Eq. (\[idels\]) changes the numerics significantly. Note that for non-vanishing $\Delta_s$, the function $I(\Delta)$ depends on $\Delta_s$ through Eq. (\[idels\]) even for $\Delta=0$. Although the $\mu$-dependence of the flavor-[**27**]{} combination of $F(m, \Delta,\mu)$ cancels at leading order using the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula for the meson masses if $\Delta_s=0$, there is additional $\mu$-dependence from the term $\Delta \Delta_s^2 \ln m_K^2/ \mu^2$ when $\Delta_s \ne 0$ and $\Delta \ne 0$. This $\mu$-dependence is cancelled by a finite counterterm proportional to $\Delta \Delta_s^2$. At leading order in chiral perturbation theory, it is possible to drop the $\Delta \Delta_s^2 \ln m_K^2/ \mu^2$ chiral logarithm from the function $I$ to obtain a $\mu$-independent quantity. It is also possible to drop the finite $\Delta \Delta_s^2$ and $\Delta_s m^2$ terms in $I$. Note that $\Delta_s$ still appears in the last term of Eq. (B1).
The mass combination in Eq. (\[massii\]) does not depend sensitively on $c_3$ or on the $\mu$-dependence of the $\Delta \Delta_s^2$ chiral logarithm. Numerical evaluation of Eq. (\[massii\]) using $a_1 = 2(0.791 \pm 0.007)$ and $b_2 = 6(-0.058 \pm 0.011)$, as extracted in Ref. [@ddjm], yields $-5.3$ MeV, whereas the experimental value is $-6.2$ MeV. The agreement is consistent with a correction of relative order $1/\N$.
Planar QCD Flavor Symmetry and $SU(3)$ Flavor Symmetry Breaking
===============================================================
The two-flavor version of planar QCD flavor symmetry has implications for the structure of $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking at leading order in $1/\N$. Planar QCD for three light flavors exhibits an approximate $U(3)$ flavor symmetry, which is broken explicitly by the quark mass matrix. In the planar limit, the flavor symmetry breaking due to the quark mass matrix transforms as the $a=3,8,9$ components of a nonet. Neglecting isospin breaking, there is an unbroken $U(2)$ flavor symmetry, which includes the diagonal generators $\sigma^3$ and $I$ in the $2 \times 2$ subspace. This residual $U(2)$ flavor symmetry can constrain the form of $SU(3)$-breaking in the $1/\N$ expansion. The constraints must be satisfied at each and every order in $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking.
The relevance of $U(2)$ symmetry for $SU(3)$ breaking is illustrated by the baryon axial vector currents. The $F=2$ version of planar QCD flavor symmetry constrains the leading coefficients of the isosinglet axial vector current $A^i$ relative to the coefficients of the isovector axial current $A^{ia}$, $a =1,2,3$, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{twoconstraint}
\overline b^{1,1}_{(1)} &=& {1 \over 2} \left( a^{1,3}_{(1)}
+ b^{1,3}_{(2)}\right), \nonumber\\
\overline b^{1,1}_{(3)} &=& {1 \over 2} \left( 2 b^{1,3}_{(3)}\right).\end{aligned}$$ Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) is the two-flavor analogue of Eq. (\[axiconstraint\]). The isosinglet and isovector axial currents couple to the pion quartet $\bbox{\Phi} = \pi^a {\sigma^a \over 2} + \tilde\eta {I \over {2}}$, where $\tilde \eta$ is an admixture of $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$. The $\eta$ ($\eta^\prime$) couplings of baryons with zero strangeness are each proportional to the $\tilde \eta$ couplings. Thus, the $\eta$ ($\eta^\prime$) couplings of strangeness-zero baryons are normalized relative to the pion couplings in the presence of $SU(3)$ breaking by Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) at leading order in $1/\N$.
Ref. [@djmtwo] derived the flavor-octet baryon axial vector current to linear order in $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking $\epsilon$ and leading order in $1/\N$. The first constraint of Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) can be imposed on this current in the strangeness-zero sector. For strangeness-zero baryons, the $1/\N$ expansion of the baryon axial vector current to linear order in $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking reduces to $$\begin{aligned}
\label{aplusda}
A^{ia} &&+ \delta A^{ia} = \left( a G^{ia} + b {1 \over \N}
J^i T^a \right) \nonumber\\
&&+\epsilon d^{ab8} \left( c_1 G^{ib} + c_2 {1 \over \N}
J^i T^b \right) + \epsilon c_6 \delta^{a8} J^i,\end{aligned}$$ up to terms of relative order $1/\N^2$. Note that the coefficients $a$ and $b$ contain contributions of order $\epsilon$ and reduce to $a_1$ and $b_2$ only in the absence of $SU(3)$ breaking. The coefficients $a$ and $b$ automatically satisfy the first constraint of Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) due to the $SU(3)$ symmetry of their operators. The remaining terms contribute the following to the coefficients of the $F=2$ isosinglet and isovector $1/\N$ expansions when evaluated for strangeness-zero baryons, $$\begin{aligned}
\delta b_{(1)}^{1,1} &&= \sqrt{3} \epsilon \left( - {1 \over 6}
\left( c_1 + c_2\right) + c_6 \right), \nonumber\\
\delta a^{1,3}_{(1)} && ={1 \over \sqrt{3}} \epsilon c_1,\\
\delta b^{1,3}_{(2)} && ={1 \over \sqrt{3}} \epsilon c_2. \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ The factor of $\sqrt{3}$ in the first equation occurs because $\tilde \eta$ is proportional to $\eta/ \sqrt{3}$. The first quartet symmetry constraint of Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) implies that $$\overline c_6 = {1 \over 3} \left( c_1 + c_2 \right),$$ up to a correction of relative order $1/\N$. This is the same constraint on $c_6$ obtained in Ref. [@djmtwo]. The above derivation shows that this constraint follows from $F=2$ planar QCD flavor symmetry.
The second constraint in Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) applies to spin-diagonal order $1/\N^2$ terms which have not been included in Eq. (\[aplusda\]). These neglected terms reduce to $$\begin{aligned}
&&b^\prime {1 \over \N^2} \{J^i, \{J^j, G^{ja} \}\}
\nonumber\\
&&+\epsilon d^{ab8} d_1
{1 \over \N^2} \{J^i, \{J^j, G^{jb} \}\}
+ \epsilon c_7 \delta^{a8} {1 \over \N^2}\{J^2, J^i\},\end{aligned}$$ in the strangeness-zero sector, where the coefficient $b^\prime$ is equal to $b_3$ in the $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry limit, but contains a contribution of order $\epsilon$ at linear order in $SU(3)$ breaking. The coefficient $b^\prime$ automatically satisfies the second constraint of Eq. (\[twoconstraint\]) due to the $SU(3)$ symmetry of the operator. The remaining terms are constrained to satisfy $$\overline c_7 ={2 \over 3} d_1$$ up to a correction of relative order $1/\N$.
The above analysis shows that $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking does not alter the relationship between pion and $\eta$ couplings of strangeness-zero baryons from exact $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry to leading order in $1/\N$. Any violation of this $SU(3)$ normalization requires $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking in a $1/\N$-suppressed quark loop. This result was originally reported in Ref. [@djmtwo].
Conclusions
===========
A $1/\N$ chiral Lagrangian for baryons is formulated which correctly implements planar QCD flavor symmetry and $({\rm spin} \otimes {\rm flavor})$ symmetry for baryons. The constraints of planar QCD flavor symmetry on the baryon $1/\N$ expansion have not been realized previously, and are presented in detail in this work. These constraints are valid to leading order in the $1/\N$ expansion operator by operator in the baryon $1/\N$ expansion. Thus, planar QCD flavor symmetry constrains the operator coefficients at leading order in $1/\N$. The symmetry implies that baryon flavor octet and singlet amplitudes form nonets at leading order in $1/\N$. Specific examples of nonet symmetry include the formation of a flavor nonet axial vector current from the flavor singlet and flavor octet axial vector baryon currents at leading order in $1/\N$, as well as the formation of a nonet amongst the flavor singlet and octet baryon mass terms with linear dependence on the quark masses $m_i$.
The formulation of the baryon chiral Lagrangian in terms of operators with definite $1/\N$ dependence enables one to study the precise $1/\N$ structure of the chiral expansion. In specific instances, such as the proton matrix element $\left< p \left| m_s \overline s s \right| p \right>$, the leading $1/\N$ terms cancel exactly, so the $1/\N$ expansion explains the suppression of the quantity.
The calculation of non-analytic meson-loop corrections in $1/\N$ baryon chiral perturbation theory at finite $\N$ is addressed. The $1/\N$ and group theoretic structure of the loop corrections is manifest using the method described in this work. The introduction of spin projection operators simplifies the formidable problem of operator reduction, making calculations tractable. A specific example of the flavor-$\bf 27$ meson-loop contribution to the baryon mass splittings is presented in detail. The $1/\N$ computation provided in this work generalizes the formulae obtained previously in ordinary baryon chiral perturbation theory with $\N=3$ to include the leading flavor octet mass splitting $\Delta_s$ of the baryons. The $1/\N$ formulae reveal the $1/\N$ and flavor-breaking structure of the flavor-$\bf 27$ baryon mass splittings at leading order in chiral perturbation theory.
Acknowledgments
===============
I am grateful to A. Manohar for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Energy under grant DOE-FG03-90ER40546; by the NYI program, through Grant No. PHY-9457911 from the National Science Foundation; and by a research fellowship from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Baryon Propagator
=================
The generalization of the baryon propagator Eq. (\[proptwo\]) to include all subleading quark mass splittings is provided in this appendix for completeness. Isospin-breaking quark mass splittings are neglected in the discussion for simplicity. These splittings can be included at the expense of introducing additional projection operators.
Including all hyperfine and $a=0,8$ quark mass splittings, the baryon propagator is given by $$\label{propthree}
{ {i \, \P_\jmath \, \P_{n_s}(\jmath) \, \P_\imath(\jmath,n_s)
\,\P_{n_s}(\jmath) \, \P_\jmath} \over
{\left( k^0 - \Delta_\jmath - \Delta_{0} - \Delta_{8} \right) } },$$ where $\P_\imath(\jmath,n_s)$ is the projection operator for isospin $I=\imath$ in the $N_s = n_s$ strange quark sector of the spin $J=\jmath$ flavor representation, and $\Delta_0$ and $\Delta_8$ are the $a=0$ and $a=8$ quark mass splittings of the propagating baryon relative to the external baryon. The $a=0$ baryon quark mass operator $$M^0 = -{2 \over \sqrt{6}} \left( m_u + m_d + m_s \right) \H^0$$ depends only on polynomials of $J^2$, so $$\Delta_0 = M^0\Big\vert_{J^2 = \jmath (\jmath+1)}
- M^0\Big\vert_{J^2 = \jmath_{\rm ext} (\jmath_{\rm ext}+1)}$$ is already diagonalized by the spin projection operators. The $a=8$ baryon quark mass operator $$M^8 = -{1 \over \sqrt{3}} \left( m_u + m_d -2 m_s \right) \H^8$$ involves two operator series, generated by $T^8$ and $\{J^i, G^{i8}\}$ times polynomials in $J^2$. The operator series involving $T^8$ times polynomials in $J^2$ is diagonalized by the spin and strange quark number projection operators. The operator series involving $\{J^i, G^{i8} \}$ requires the introduction of isospin projection operators.
For arbitrary $\N$, the structure of the baryon multiplets is such that: $(i)$ the isospin of a baryon is equal to the total angular momentum (spin) of the up and down quarks, $I= J_{ud}$, and $(ii)$ the total angular momentum (spin) of the strange quarks is equal to one-half the number of strange quarks, $J_s = N_s/2$. Since $J= J_{ud} + J_s$, it therefore follows that spin-$\jmath$ baryons can only have isospins $I = \vert {N_s \over 2 } + \jmath \vert,
\vert {N_s \over 2 } + \jmath \vert -1, \ldots,
\vert {N_s \over 2 } - \jmath \vert$, where all possible isospins are allowed for $2\jmath \le N_s \le (\N - 2\jmath)/2$, but only a subset of the isospins are allowed for $0 \le N_s < 2 \jmath$ and $(\N -2 \jmath )/2 < N_s \le (\N + 2 \jmath)/2$. For $N_s=0$, only the largest isospin is allowed. For $N_s =1$, only the two largest isospins are allowed. This pattern of one additional allowed isospin as $N_s$ increases by one unit continues for the interval $0 \le N_s < 2 \jmath$ until the full set of isospins is allowed for $N_s = 2 \jmath$. Similarly, for $N_s = (\N + 2 \jmath)/2$, only the smallest isospin is allowed. For $N_s = (\N + 2 \jmath)/2 -1$, only the two smallest isospins are allowed. This pattern of one additional allowed isospin as $N_s$ decreases by one unit continues for $(\N -2 \jmath )/2 < N_s \le (\N + 2 \jmath)/2$ until the full set of isospins is allowed for $N_s =(\N -2 \jmath )/2$.
It is easier to digest this pattern of isospins if one specializes to the spin-$1/2$ and spin-$3/2$ flavor representations with the weight diagrams displayed in Figs. 3 and 4. For $J=1/2$, there are two allowed isospins $I= (N_s +1)/2$ and $I= (N_s -1)/2$ for $1 \le N_s \le (\N-1)/2$. Both $N_s =0$ and $N_s = (\N+1)/2$ are exceptions: for $N_s =0$, $I=1/2$, whereas for $N_s = (\N+1)/2$, $I = (\N-1)/4$. For $J=3/2$, there are four allowed isospins $I= (N_s +3)/2, (N_s +1)/2, (N_s -1)/2, (N_s -3)/2$ for $3 \le N_s \le (\N-3)/2$. The three smallest and largest strangeness sectors $N_s =0,1,2$ and $N_s = (\N-1)/2$, $(\N+1)/2$ and $(\N+3)/2$ are special cases: for $N_s =0$, there is one allowed $I=3/2$; for $N_s = 1$, there are two allowed isospins, $I=2$ and $I=1$; for $N_s=2$, there are three allowed isospins $I= 5/2,3/2,$ and $1/2$; while for $N_s = (\N-1)/2$, there are three allowed isospins, $I= (\N -7)/4$, $(\N - 3)/4$, and $(\N +1)/4$; for $N_s = (\N+1)/2$, there are two allowed isospins $I=(\N -5)/4$ and $(\N -1)/4$; and for $N_s = (\N + 3)/2$, there is one allowed isospin $I = (\N -3)/4$.
The remaining components of the baryon propagator Eq. (\[propthree\]) can now be defined. Isospin projection operators for the spin-$\jmath$ baryons with $n_s$ strange quarks are given by $$\label{iproj}
\P_\imath(\jmath, n_s)={
{ \prod_{\imath^\prime \ne \imath}
\left( I^2 - I_{\imath^\prime}^2 \right)} \over
{ \prod_{\imath^\prime \ne \imath}
\left( I_\imath^2 - I_{\imath^\prime}^2 \right) }
},$$ where the projection operator for isospin $I_\imath$ is given by the product over all $I_{\imath^\prime}$ not equal to $I_\imath$. For $2 \jmath \le n_s \le (\N -2 \jmath)/2$, $I_{\imath^\prime}= \vert (n_s + 2 \jmath)/2 \vert$, $\vert (n_s + 2 \jmath)/2 \vert -1$, $\ldots$$\vert (n_s - 2 \jmath)/2 \vert$. The allowed isospins for the smallest and largest $n_s$ values of the spin-$\jmath$ flavor representations vary according the pattern described above. The operator series involving $\{J^i, G^{i8} \}$ depends on the operator $J \cdot J_s = {1 \over 2} \left( J^2 + J_s^2 - I^2 \right)$, which in turn depends on isospin. It is easy to evaluate $J \cdot J_s$ for each of the allowed isomultiplets of the spin-$\jmath$ flavor representation. For example, for the spin-$1/2$ representation, $J\cdot J_s$ is equal to $-N_s/4$ for isomultiplets with $I=(N_s+1)/2$, and $(N_s+2)/4$ for isomultiplets with $I= (N_s-1)/2$. For spin-$3/2$, $J \cdot J_s$ equals $-3N_s/4$, $-(N_s -6)/4$, $(N_s +8)/4$ and $3(N_s +2)/4$ for the $I=(N_s+3)/2$, $(N_s+1)/2$, $(N_s-1)/2$ and $(N_s -3)/2$ isomultiplets, respectively. Thus, the baryon mass difference $$\Delta_8 =
M^8 \Big\vert_{\jmath, n_s, \imath}-
M^8 \Big\vert_{\jmath_{\rm ext}, n_{s\, {\rm ext}}, \imath_{\rm ext}}$$ is diagonalized by the spin, strange quark number and isospin projection operators.
Flavor-${\bf 27}$ Nonanalytic Mass Splittings
=============================================
This appendix provides additional formulae for the calculation of the flavor-$\bf 27$ baryon mass splittings from Fig. 6. The function $F(m,\Delta)$ defined in Eq. (\[funcF\]) is given by [@jmhungary] $${24 \pi^2 f^2} \ F(m, \Delta, \mu) = \cases{
\Delta \left(\Delta^2 -{3 \over 2} m^2 \right)
\ln{m^2 \over \mu^2}- {8 \over 3} \Delta^3-{7 \over 2}\Delta m^2
+ 2 \left( m^2 - \Delta^2 \right)^{3/2} \left[ {\pi \over 2} - {\rm tan}^{-1}
\left( {\Delta \over \sqrt{m^2 - \Delta^2}}\right) \right],
& $\left|\Delta\right| \le m$,\cr
\Delta \left(\Delta^2 -{3 \over 2} m^2 \right)
\ln{m^2 \over \mu^2}- {8 \over 3} \Delta^3-{7 \over 2}\Delta m^2
- \left( \Delta^2 - m^2 \right)^{3/2}
\ln \left( { {\Delta - \sqrt{\Delta^2 - m^2}} \over
{\Delta + \sqrt{\Delta^2 - m^2}}} \right)
,& $\left|\Delta\right| > m$ ,\cr}$$ where finite terms with mass dependence $\Delta^3$ and $m^2 \Delta$ have been retained. For $\Delta_s \ne 0$, there is a chiral logarithmic contribution to the flavor-[**27**]{} combination proportional to $\Delta \Delta_s^2$, as well as a finite term. For $\Delta=0$, the function reduces to $$F( m, 0) = {m^3 \over {24 \pi f^2}} \ .$$
The remainder of the appendix is devoted to evaluating the flavor-$\bf 27$ baryon operator $${1 \over \N}\left( A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8}
\ \, I(\Delta_{1\over 2})
+ A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8}
\ \, I(\Delta_{3\over 2}) \right)\ ,$$ using spin projection operators.
For $\N=3$, the baryon axial current $A^{i8}$ has a $1/\N$ expansion in terms of the four operators of Eq. (\[aia\]). The flavor-$\bf 27$ baryon operator product contains $n$-body operators, $n > \N$, which are complicated anticommutators of the $1$-body operators. Each of these operators contains two flavor octet $1$-body operators, which each may be either $T^8$ or $G^{i8}$; all remaining $1$-body operators in the operator product are spin operators. Operator reduction of these spin operators is immediately possible using spin projection operators. The following observations facilitate this reduction:
- $A^{i8} \P_\jmath A^{i8}$ is purely diagonal.
- $J^i$ is purely diagonal.
- $\{J^i, G^{i8} \}$ is purely diagonal, and $\{J^i, G^{i8} \} = 2 J^i G^{i8} = 2 G^{i8} J^i$ since $[J^i, G^{i8}]=0$.
- $\left(\{J^2, G^{i8} \} - {1 \over 2} \{ J^i, \{ J^j, G^{j8} \}\} \right)$ is purely off-diagonal, since the second term subtracts off the diagonal component of $\{J^2, G^{i8} \}$. Thus, this operator reduces to $\P_{1 \over 2} \{ J^2, G^{i8} \} \P_{3 \over 2}
+\P_{3 \over 2} \{ J^2, G^{i8} \} \P_{1 \over 2}$, which can be replaced by ${9 \over 2} \left( \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}+
\P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}\right)$.
Using the above observations, it is straightforward to show that $$\begin{aligned}
\label{halfint}
{1 \over \N} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} &&=
{1 \over \N}
\P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
\left( a_{1}^2 + 6 {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} b_{3} +
9 {1 \over \N^4} b_{3}^2 \right)
\nonumber\\
&&+ {1 \over \N} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
\left( a_{1}^2 + 9 {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} c_{3} +
\left({9 \over 2} \right)^2 {1 \over \N^4} c_{3}^2 \right)
\nonumber\\
&&+ {1 \over \N} \P_{1 \over 2} T^8 \P_{1 \over 2} T^8 \P_{1 \over 2}
\left({3 \over 4} {1 \over \N^2} b_{2}^2 \right)
\nonumber\\
&&+{1 \over \N^2} \left( \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} J^i T^8
\P_{1 \over 2}
+ \P_{1 \over 2} J^i T^8 \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} \right)
\left( a_{1} b_{2} + 3 {1 \over \N^2} b_{2} b_{3} \right),\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{thalfint}
{1 \over \N} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} &&=
{1 \over \N}
\P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
\left( a_{1}^2 + 30 {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} b_{3} +
225 {1 \over \N^4} b_{3}^2 \right)
\nonumber\\
&&+ {1 \over \N} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
\left( a_{1}^2 + 9 {1 \over \N^2} a_{1} c_{3} +
\left({9 \over 2} \right)^2 {1 \over \N^4} c_{3}^2 \right)
\nonumber\\
&&+ {1 \over \N} \P_{3 \over 2} T^8 \P_{3 \over 2} T^8 \P_{3 \over 2}
\left({{15} \over 4} {1 \over \N^2} b_{2}^2 \right)
\nonumber\\
&&+{1 \over \N^2} \left( P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} J^i T^8
\P_{3 \over 2}
+ \P_{3 \over 2} J^i T^8 \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} \right)
\left( a_{1} b_{2} + 15 {1 \over \N^2} b_{2} b_{3} \right).\end{aligned}$$ The flavor-$\bf 27$ mass combinations, the Gell-Mann–Okubo combination of spin-$1/2$ octet baryons, $${3 \over 4} \Lambda + {1 \over 4} \Sigma - {1 \over 2}
\left( N + \Xi \right)$$ and the equal spacing rule of the spin-$3/2$ baryons, $$-{4 \over 7} \Delta + {5 \over 7} \Sigma^* + {2 \over 7} \Xi^*
-{3 \over 7} \Omega$$ are given by $$\label{halfop}
-{1 \over \N}\left( \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
\ \,I(0)
+\P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
\ \,I(\Delta) \right),$$ and $$\label{thalfop}
-{1 \over \N}\left( \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
\ \,I(0)
+\P_{3 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} A^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
\ \,I(-\Delta) \right),$$ respectively, where the overall minus signs occur because the baryon mass term in the Lagrangian is negative. Each of the baryon operators appearing in Eqs. (\[halfop\]) and (\[thalfop\]) can be obtained from Eqs. (\[halfint\]) and (\[thalfint\]).
The $(0,{\bf 27})$ operator basis consists of two operators, $\{T^8,T^8\}$ and $\{T^8, \{J^i, G^{i8}\}\}$. The above reduction has left one additional operator structure, the product of two $G^{i8}$’s. The flavor-$\bf 27$ mass splittings are evaluated using the relations Eq. (\[t8g8\]) for $T^8$ and $G^{i8}$. For the spin-$1/2$ baryons, $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{1 \over 2} \{ T^8, T^8 \} \P_{1 \over 2}&&=-{3 \over 2},
\nonumber\\
\P_{1 \over 2} \{T^8, \{ J^i, G^{i8}\} \P_{1 \over 2}&&=-{3 \over 2},\end{aligned}$$ on the Gell-Mann–Okubo combination. The product of two $G^{i8}$’s with an intermediate spin-$1/2$ baryon $$\P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
= -{1 \over {16}}$$ is obtained by evaluating the operator $$\P_{1 \over 2} J^i G^{i8}
\P_{1 \over 2} J^j G^{j8} \P_{1 \over 2}
={3 \over 4} \ \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}\ .$$ on the Gell-Mann–Okubo combination. The remaining operator, the product of two $G^{i8}$’s with an intermediate spin-$3/2$ baryon is readily obtained using the $(0,{\bf 27})$ operator identity [@djmtwo] $$\{ G^{i8}, G^{i8} \} = {1 \over 4} \{ T^8, T^8 \},$$ which implies that $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
+ \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
&&= {1 \over 4} \P_{1 \over 2} T^8 T^8 \P_{1 \over 2}.\end{aligned}$$ Thus, $$\P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2}
= -{1 \over {8}} \ .$$ Using these matrix elements, one obtains the nonanalytic contribution to the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass splitting, Eq. (\[gmo\]).
The evaluation of the operator products for the spin-$3/2$ baryons is similar. For the spin-$3/2$ baryons, $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{3 \over 2} \{ T^8, T^8 \} \P_{3 \over 2}&&=-{3},
\nonumber\\
\P_{3 \over 2} \{T^8, \{ J^i, G^{i8}\} \P_{3 \over 2}&&=-{{15} \over 2},\end{aligned}$$ on the equal spacing rule flavor-$\bf 27$ combination. The matrix element $$\P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} = -{5 \over 8},$$ follows from the evaluation of $$\P_{3 \over 2} J^i G^{i8}
\P_{3 \over 2} J^j G^{j8} \P_{3 \over 2}
={{15} \over 4} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}\ .$$ on the equal spacing rule mass combination. The remaining operator is determined using the identity $$\begin{aligned}
\P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
+ \P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2}
&&= {1 \over 4} \P_{3 \over 2} T^8 T^8 \P_{3 \over 2},\end{aligned}$$ to be $$\P_{3 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{1 \over 2} G^{i8} \P_{3 \over 2} = {1 \over 4}.$$ Using these matrix elements, one obtains the nonanalytic contribution to the flavor-$\bf 27$ equal spacing rule mass splitting, Eq. (\[esr\]).
See for example, S. Weinberg, Physica [**96A**]{} (1979) 327; J. Gasser and J. Leutwyler, Ann. Phys. [**158**]{}, 142 (1984). G. ‘t Hooft, Nucl. Phys. [**B72**]{}, 461 (1974). E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. [**B160**]{}, 57 (1979). For a pedagogical review, see S. Coleman, [*Aspects of Symmetry*]{} (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985). M. Gell-Mann and G. Veneziano, as cited in G. Veneziano, Ref. [@veneziano]. See also Peris, Ref. [@peris]. G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. [**B159**]{}, 213 (1979). P. Di Vecchia and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. [**B171**]{}, 253 (1980). E. Witten, Ann. Phys. [**128**]{}, 363 (1980). C. Rosenzweig, J. Schechter and G. Trahern, Phys. Rev. [**D21**]{}, 3388 (1980); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, Phys. Rev. [**D23**]{}, 473 (1981). P. Di Vecchia, F. Nicodemi, P. Pettorino and G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. [**181**]{}, 318 (1981). G. ‘t Hooft, Phys. Rev. [**D14**]{}, 3432 (1976). E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. [**B156**]{}, 269 (1979); G. Veneziano, Nucl. Phys. [**B159**]{}, 213 (1979); P. Di Vecchia, Phys. Lett. [**85B**]{}, 357 (1979). R. Dashen and A.V. Manohar, Phys. Lett. [**B315**]{}, 425 (1993); [**B315**]{}, 438 (1993). E. Jenkins, Phys. Lett. [**B315**]{}, 431 (1993); [**B315**]{}, 441 (1993); [**B315**]{}, 447 (1993). R. Dashen, E. Jenkins and A.V. Manohar, Phys. Rev., 4713 (1994). E. Jenkins and A.V. Manohar, Phys. Lett. [**B335**]{}, 452 (1994). R. Dashen, E. Jenkins and A.V. Manohar, Phys. Rev., 3697 (1995). E. Jenkins and R.F. Lebed, Phys. Rev. [**D52**]{}, 282 (1995). J. Dai, R. Dashen, E. Jenkins, and A.V. Manohar, UCSD/PTH 94-19 \[hep-ph/9506273\]. C. Carone, H. Georgi and S. Osofsky, Phys. Lett., 227 (1994). C. Carone, H. Georgi, L. Kaplan, and D. Morin, Phys.Rev. [**D50**]{}, 5793 (1994). M. Luty and J. March-Russell, Nucl. Phys. [**B426**]{}, 71 (1994). M. Luty, Phys. Rev. [**D51**]{}, 2322 (1995). M. Luty, J. March-Russell and M. White, Phys. Rev. [**D51**]{}, 2332 (1995). W. Broniowski, Nucl. Phys. [**A580**]{}, 429 (1994). A.V. Manohar, Phys. Lett. [**B336**]{}, 502 (1994). N. Dorey, J. Hughes and M.P. Mattis, Phys. Rev., 5816 (1994); Phys. Rev. Lett. [**73**]{}, 1211 (1994). N. Dorey and M.P. Mattis, SWAT-60 \[hep-ph/9412373\]. A. Takamura, S. Sawada and S. Kitakado, DPNU-94-49 \[hep-ph/9411434\]; A. Takamura, S. Sawada, Y. Matsui and S. Kitakado, DPNU-95-12 \[hep-ph/9506275\]. J.-L. Gervais and B. Sakita, Phys. Rev.Lett. [**52**]{}, (1984); Phys. Rev. [**D30**]{}, 1795 (1984). P. Di Vecchia, Acta Phys. Austriaca, Suppl. XXII, 341 (1980). A. Pich and E. de Rafael, Nucl. Phys. [**B367**]{}, 313 (1991). V. Baluni, Phys. Rev. [**D19**]{}, 2227 (1979). R.J. Crewther, P. Di Vecchia, G. Veneziano and E. Witten, Phys. Lett. [**88B**]{}, 123 (1979). H. Georgi, Phys. Rev. [**D49**]{}, 1666 (1994). S. Peris, Phys. Lett. [**B324**]{}, 442 (1994). E. Jenkins and A.V. Manohar, Phys. Lett. [**B255**]{}, 558 (1991); [**B259**]{}, 353 (1991). E. Eichten and B. Hill, Phys. Lett. [**B234**]{}, 511 (1990). H. Georgi, Phys. Lett. [**B240**]{}, 447 (1990). E. Jenkins, Nucl. Phys. [**B 375**]{}, 561 (1992). R. Springer, DUKE-95-95 \[hep-ph/9508324\]. E. Jenkins, Nucl. Phys. [**B368**]{}, 191 (1994). A.V. Manohar and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. [**B 234**]{}, 189 (1984). E. Jenkins, A.V. Manohar and M.B. Wise, \[hep-ph/9506356\]. M.K. Banerjee and J. Milana, UMPP-95-058, \[hep-ph/9410398\]. M.J. Savage, CMU-HEP95-11, \[hep-ph/9508268\]. E. Jenkins and A.V. Manohar, [*Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory*]{}, in Proceedings of the Workshop on “Effective Field Theories of the Standard Model”, ed. U. Meissner, World Scientific (1992). Particle Data Group, L. Montanet et al., Phys. Rev. [**D50**]{}, 1173 (1994).
**Figure Captions**
$$\nbox$$
Figure 1
$\nboxF$ .5in $\nboxE$ .5in $\cdots$ .5in $\nbox$
.25in
${J= \frac 1 2}$ 1.35in ${J= \frac 3 2}$ 2.35in ${J= \frac \N 2}$
.5in
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
[^1]: For intermediate situations[@pich], $\theta$-dependence appears in the term $${\theta_0 \over 32 \pi^2 } G^a_{\mu \nu} \tilde G^{a \, \mu \nu}, \quad
\tilde G^{a}_{\mu \nu} \equiv {1 \over 2} \epsilon_{\mu \nu \rho \sigma}
G^{a \, \rho \sigma}$$ in the QCD Lagrangian as well as the phase of the quark mass matrix, such that $\theta = \theta_0 + {\rm arg}({\rm det} \M_q)$. Under $U(1)_A$ transformations $R = L^\dagger = e^{i \alpha /2} I$ for $F$ light quark flavors, $$\theta_0 \rightarrow \theta_0 + F \alpha,
\quad \M_q \rightarrow e^{-i\alpha} \M_q,$$ leaving $\theta$ invariant.
[^2]: The effects of higher order terms on a leading order bound on the mass ratio $\eta/\eta^\prime$[@hgeorgi] have been considered recently in Ref. [@peris].
[^3]: The subscript QCD is used to emphasize that the quark fields are QCD quark fields, not the quark creation and annihilation operators of the quark representation.
[^4]: The baryon vector currents $V^{0a}$ and $V^0$ form a flavor nonet to all orders in the $1/\N$ expansion.
[^5]: The invariant ${\cal S}_{1/2}$ is $O(1)$ even though ${\cal M}$ and ${\cal N}$ are both $O(\N)$, so the correction to Eq. (\[shalf\]) is both of relative and absolute order $1/\N$.
[^6]: A similar analysis applies for the $\Delta S=1$ weak Lagrangian which is responsible for hyperon nonleptonic decay. The octet and decuplet $\Delta S=1$ weak Lagrangian involves three parameters $h_D$, $h_F$ and $h_C$ which are in one-to-one correspondence with the three coefficients of the $1/\N$ expansion for $\H_{\rm weak}^{\Delta S =1}$[@djmtwo]. The analogues of Eqs. (\[bcrel\]) and (\[relbc\]) for $h_D$, $h_F$ and $h_C$ are obtained. Eq. (\[bcrel\]) for hyperon nonleptonic decay was originally predicted in the chiral quark model[@cqm]. The experimental values of these parameters extracted from the $s$-wave decays at one-loop order in chiral perturbation theory[@nonlep; @springer] are consistent with these parameter relations.
[^7]: The leading $O(\N)$ terms in the quark mass perturbations $\H^a$, $a=0,3,8$ are proportional to the baryon identity operator $\openone$ and do not result in baryon mass splittings. All $O(\N)$ mass terms must be removed from the Lagrangian by the heavy field redefinition.
[^8]: This suppression mechanism was originally noted in the study of the octet and decuplet masses[@jmasses], neglecting the pion mass. The suppression of the flavor $\bf 27$ combination is more significant when the pion mass is retained.
[^9]: There are three different measurements listed for $\Delta^{++}$ and $\Delta^0$. These measurements are averaged with errors added in quadrature.
[^10]: Because of this uncertainty, one could consider the alternative of extracting the baryon axial couplings from the flavor-[**27**]{} mass splittings, as suggested recently in Ref. [@banerjee]. However, the theoretical formula receives sizeable (unknown) corrections at higher orders in chiral perturbation theory, so error bars on the extracted couplings are significant.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c699f8d04cb6b2e2de994c05ef161864cb6c29c334d3f369efacd156c53feca2'} |
Upcoming Events
No results found.
Top Results
No results found.
Musical Explorers Launches Free Digital Platform
Hundreds of teachers across the United States bring musical traditions from around the world into their classrooms through Musical Explorers. Created by Carnegie Hall’s Weill Music Institute (WMI), the program empowers K–2 students to build fundamental music skills through listening, singing, and moving to songs from various traditions. Musical Explorers has been taught in New York City classrooms for more than a decade. The program expanded nationally this year with a new digital platform that provides teachers with free online classroom resources that include lesson plans, artist-led videos, and digital concert experiences filmed live at Carnegie Hall.
This year, more than 150,000 students are learning songs from a wide range of musical genres, including bomba and plena; Haitian; Indian classical; Brazilian samba; South African Zulu; and Argentine, Georgian, and Greek folk. Interactive lesson plans and videos invite students to explore different cultural traditions, develop basic music skills, and reflect on their own communities.
WMI recently spoke with three music teachers from across the United States about how Musical Explorers and the new digital platform are enhancing their teaching practices and the lives of their students.
Margaret Jenks, Van Hise Elementary School, Madison, Wisconsin
Why is the Musical Explorers program valuable to you as an educator?
Musical Explorers brings a layerof authenticity to the teaching of music from around the world. The program gives my students a chance to meet an artist, hear their story, and interact with their music in a way that engages their imaginations and curiosity. My students want to learn more, explore other artists, and ask questions, which is exactly what I hope for in a music class. I want them to leave understanding that there are other ways of thinking about and making music, and that they share artistic impulses with people all over the world.
How has the program impacted your students?
When studying Georgian-American singer and guitarist Ilusha Tsinadze, many of my second-grade students found a musical story that resonated with them. Ilusha moved to the US as a child and struggled to learn English. Once he acclimated to American schools, he forgot some of his Georgian culture until he returned as an adult and fell in love with the language and music. One of his albums, Mother Tongue, sparked a lively discussion with my class. Does someone’s “mother tongue” matter? Why is it worth remembering the language and culture of your childhood when you are older?How do you hold onto your “mother tongue” when you are in a new place? These were deep and meaningful questions for my students. In our final reflection, one student wrote, “I most appreciated studying Ilusha. My mom has made me go to Chinese school and I didn’t want to go. I had never thought about what would be lost in me if I forgot my music, language, and people.” Another student wrote, “It embarrassed me when my mom and grandma kept speaking Spanish. Sometimes I’d pretend that I didn’t understand. Now I am so proud to have a ‘mother tongue,’ and I never want to forget the sound of my grandma singing.”
Gayle Winney, Howe Avenue Elementary School, Sacramento, California
Musical Explorers allows my students to engage with and learn from a diverse selection of professional musicians in their own classroom.It gives them the opportunity to see a little bit of themselves and their cultures in the curriculum, further connecting them to the school and community at large. Musical Explorers also means access to music. Most of my students have never traveled, and I’m happy to be able to bring them a little bit of the world through the program. My philosophy is that knowledge leads to understanding, which in turn leads to acceptance. My hope is that the more my students know about other cultures, the more they will understand, welcome, and embrace others. The most rewarding aspect of my job is that my students and I can have fun while achieving these very important objectives.
How has the new digital platform enhanced your teaching experience?
The digital platform enables my students to meet musicians from around the world and experience a highly interactive culminating concert with a diverse group of experts, all without ever leaving our school’s campus. The platform is one of myriad ways Carnegie Hall shares free resources with the world. Through these resources, our students have access to opportunities most parents couldn’t afford, and our communities develop present and future concertgoers. Most important, our students derive the emotional development, academic skills, and discipline music education provides.
Camilia Schawel, Community Montessori School, Boulder, Colorado
How has the new Musical Explorers digital platform enhanced your teaching experience?
The digital platform is very simple to use, and I really appreciate the attention to detail and availability of the content. Carnegie Hall is dedicated to making the new platform easy for educators to access and find useful in their classrooms. The professional development videos and downloadable lesson plans are especially valuable for educators. I so appreciate the opportunity to hear how other educators teach the content, and to hear from the artists themselves about how they connect with the music.
How has the program impacted your students?
While studying South African Zulu music, we had the opportunity to connect what we learned in the classroom to a performance by a young local artist and composer who performs music from Zimbabwe with her family, which resonated with many students in a deep way. One student, whose family is from Ghana, told me she didn’t realize it was possible to perform her family’s music. Allowing students to see that it’s possible to share their own traditions and cultures through music is one of the most powerful aspects of the Musical Explorers program. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.962482452392578}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '89895', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WXJHGOII73JNWQL2DZV35TUKSTK7KHIA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d3e59d7b-786b-477e-b056-0602b5771178>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 21, 2, 45, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '45.60.73.146', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6IM4EXYBELZ7K7FWI3AN2MEMM2DHB5OO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:323431d6-e1eb-4c74-8fdd-365eb79caea0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.carnegiehall.org/Blog/2020/01/Musical-Explorers-Launches-Free-Digital-Platform', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c36ba564-2f33-4aa9-8fa9-96f8b29dfd01>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '976', 'url': 'https://www.carnegiehall.org/Blog/2020/01/Musical-Explorers-Launches-Free-Digital-Platform', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-17\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-253.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019969820976257324', 'original_id': '2911e46c46755d52e37c490618eee6c1f86bdf021ebde75129148eea589775e7'} |
50% off Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition (10-Volumes)
This discipline-defining encyclopedia serves research needs in numerous fields that are affected by the rapid pace
and substantial impact of technological change and is a must have for every academic library collection.
Expires 12/31/2016.
Abstract
This chapter presents a concern regarding the nature of wireless communications using multiple antennas. Multi-antenna systems are mainly developed using array processing methodology mostly derived for a scalar rather than a vector problem. However, as wireless communication systems operate in microwave frequency region, the vector nature of electromagnetic waves cannot be neglected in any system design levels. Failure in doing so will lead to an erroneous interpretation of a system performance. The goal of this chapter is to show that when the vector nature of electromagnetic wave is taken into account, an expected system performance may not be realized. Therefore, the electromagnetic effects must be integrated into a system design process in order to achieve the best system design. Many researches are underway regarding this important issue.
Antenna Arrays
An array of antennas has proved its significant role in both radar and communication systems. It has been shown that with multiple antennas at a receiver, the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the designed signal is feasible while any other interference is suppressed from the receiver. Similarly, by reciprocity property, multiple antennas can be used at the transmitter to concentrate energy to a particular receiver and to reduce its interference with other receivers. In an adaptive array processing context, it is customary to assume a receiver being an ideal point source situated in free space. This is generally valid for sonar and acoustic signals. However, when applied to electromagnetic waves, this assumption has never been met since there is always mutual coupling between antennas themselves. Mutual coupling destroys the linear wavefront assumption for the received signal, which is the first assumption in array processing. Moreover, when an antenna is mounted on a tower or any kind of platform, the coupling between the antenna and platform is also important as pointed out in (Sarkar, 2006).
In this section, the effect of mutual coupling on adaptive processing is demonstrated. A method for compensation of the effect of mutual coupling will be also discussed. The mutual coupling compensation, in general, is too tedious to be derived analytically. A computer code may be used for this purpose. However, to provide a physical picture to the readers, the work of (Adve & Sarkar, 2000) will be discussed here to show how the mutual coupling affects the array performance and how the mutual coupling can be integrated into the adaptive processing.
Let us consider an array of thin wire dipole antennas. The dipoles are assumed to be z-directed of length and radius and are placed along the , separated by a distance . The port of each antenna is center loaded with an impedance of Ohms primarily to make them resonant and thereby increase its efficiency. Figure 1 shows the model of the antenna arrays. To simplify the problem, the following assumptions are made (Djordjevic, 1995; Strait 1973): | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8a4f017fb766253c665e4c67b1441020a07c5de20c3dcf825c36bd891d770587'} |
Q:
Como instalar o OPENCV no PHP em um server WAMP?
Preciso da função de processamento de imagens OPENCV no PHP , mas estou tendo dificuldades para instalar no windows .. como proceder ?
A:
Tem uma biblioteca PHP excelente pra isso. Requer PHP 5.3+ e OpenCV 2.0+.
Verifique se te atende: OpenCV for PHP
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '943b9ca8e27aaacac62c7c53444a8f68e9cf2db964d78bee67b34438127cac63'} |
using FloydPink.Flickr.Downloadr.Model;
using FloydPink.Flickr.Downloadr.Repository;
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace FloydPink.Flickr.Downloadr.UnitTests.RepositoryTests
{
[TestFixture]
public class RepositoryTests
{
private TokenRepository _repository;
[OneTimeSetUp]
public void SetUp()
{
_repository = new TokenRepository();
}
private Token getNewAccessToken()
{
return new Token("token", "secret");
}
[Test]
public void WillDeleteAndNotGetToken()
{
var token = getNewAccessToken();
_repository.Save(token);
_repository.Delete();
token = _repository.Get();
Assert.IsEmpty(token.TokenString);
Assert.IsEmpty(token.Secret);
}
[Test]
public void WillNotGetTokenWhenNoFileExists()
{
var token = _repository.Get();
Assert.IsEmpty(token.TokenString);
Assert.IsEmpty(token.Secret);
}
[Test]
public void WillSaveAndGetToken()
{
var token = getNewAccessToken();
_repository.Save(token);
token = _repository.Get();
Assert.AreEqual("token", token.TokenString);
Assert.AreEqual("secret", token.Secret);
_repository.Delete();
}
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/fossabot/flickr-downloadr-gtk/blob/master/source/FloydPink.Flickr.Downloadr.UnitTests/RepositoryTests/RepositoryTests.cs', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2022.0', 'title': 'flickr-downloadr-gtk', 'creator': 'fossabot', 'language': 'C#', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '86', 'token_count': '369', '__index_level_0__': '24569', 'original_id': '875b3728995a754c8264ca941975d0474909a42b0fd260c584e0b2305648249a'} |
Sometimes when you are an immense pressure your mind goes on auto-pilot and you are unable to recall with your memory the event clearly.
You could even say you mind blanks out the event and finer details are hard to recall. Often when people are mugged they are so caught up in the situation they find it hard to give police a clear description of the offender. Often when people have a car crash or a physical confrontation afterwards everything seems like a blur. It is hard to be under a lot of stress and have a clear mind. However in some cases people can recall everything in details as if the event was in slow motion. More often than not these occurrences are rare.
Having a plan of attack is a smart idea for anything you do in life. You need to have clarity to be successful.
I have found sometimes that when I have had a martial arts competition I have a plan. Most times it works really well but it does have its moments where everything goes out the window. It only takes one move or one second and everything is turned upside down. The plan you had or that was going well is gone and you are left in that moment to act. It is a hard place to be in and how you deal with that moment determines your character. It is a scary place to be, however it is in that moment where champions are born. The same goes in your everyday life you may want to apply for a promotion or confront someone and come up with a plan of attack. However often it doesn’t pan out the way you intended and you are diverted. And again in that moment you are left in the dark; hence need to come up with plan B. This is a hard place to be in and you need to be quick on your feet. Whether you are competing in the ring or dealing with life sometimes your plan goes out the window.
Krav Maga is a modern day reality-based self-defense system. Adam is the founder of Krav Maga Darwin. For more information, visit www.kravmagadarwin.com.au.
Adam Gulla
Self Defence instructor
(Krav Maga) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.971049189567566}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '190470', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Y7DVXEPPSM55W5AHG5UWPQYDPGUHLGNL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7d09bf80-3e31-40f0-a29e-da0d1a657805>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 10, 20, 21, 55, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '112.140.180.72', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MY7RQIROEHDTAJC3ZXMQSS23Z4YYHF4T', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c835f0c9-f9d0-4106-a3c9-d6edb0b0bbb1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://darwinlifemag.com.au/november-2014/everything-goes-out-the-window/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c71dbd7e-43b1-4cb4-8f44-60b5a2f34840>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '380', 'url': 'https://darwinlifemag.com.au/november-2014/everything-goes-out-the-window/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-45-10-135.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2421865463256836', 'original_id': '5d170fa3cf93acd20df73e8a7d308fe7c827a4fb890201775b6f92dc2dda9516'} |
Group size
Whole class
Time required
15 minutes
Instructional Goal
National Science Standards
Student will:
Prerequisite Knowledge
See videos on-line: free-fall.
Advance Preparation Time
Get a Styrofoam or paper cup.
Teacher tips
Background Information
Earth-orbiting spacecraft experience a condition described as weightlessness. The spacecraft is in a state of free-fall as it orbits. If the spacecraft has astronauts on board, the astronauts are able to move about with ease because they too are in a state of free-fall. In other words, every thing in their immediate world is falling together. This creates the weightless condition. Crew members and all the other contents of the spacecraft seemingly float throughout the air.
On earth, momentary weightlessness can be created in a number of ways. Some amusement parks achieve a second or two of weightlessness in certain wild high-tech rides. A springboard diver feels a moment of weightlessness at the top of a spring just as the upward motion stops and just before the downward tumbling motion to the water below begins. As the diver falls, friction with the air quickly offsets the weightless sensation and produces drag that returns at least a portion of the diver's weight before the water is struck. NASA eliminates the air friction problem and achieves about 30 seconds of weightlessness with a special airplane. High above Earth, the plane begins a long arc-like dive downward at a speed equal to the acceleration of a falling object. After 30 seconds, the plane pull out of the dive and climbs back to the high altitude to begin another weightless cycle.
The airplane's skin and engine thrust during the dive totally negate air friction on the people and experiments in the plane.
For a moment the falling cup demonstrates weightlessness (or zero-g). Before the cup is dropped the water pours out of the cup freely. While the cup is falling, the water remains inside the cup for the entire fall. Even though the water remains inside, it is still attracted to Earth by gravity and ends up in the same place that the water from the first experiment did.
Activity Procedure
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Remove your thumb and let the water stream out into catch basin on the floor.
Step 4
Again seal the hole with your thumb and refill the cup. Ask students if the water would stream out of the hole if you drop the cup.
Step 5
Drop the filled cup into the catch basin. The demonstration is more effective if you hold the cup high before dropping it.
Enrichment Activities
You may video the demonstration and then use the slow motion controls on the playback machine to replay the action. You may also want to show also weightless videos.
Illustration is by Leyla Sezen.
Author: Tugrul Sezen | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '149', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8926477432250977}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '5780', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VKQQIF2S5CJHYTREF26RE2PJQF3KTESI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:93f93f48-5e5d-4f6d-8519-82b1f6a5fade>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 11, 19, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '96.255.255.173', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CNAWVI6Y2L2U4DLGPL35ZZDL3RIQVJUV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:04566936-dd58-4636-b115-ec54a29d23f8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.nss.org/settlement/nasa/teacher/course/coffecup.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e351128-8879-4071-8b2f-11e66115bff8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '521', 'url': 'http://www.nss.org/settlement/nasa/teacher/course/coffecup.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024398386478424072', 'original_id': '4b0be68807fd377dac8b23f01f97fcd170eb1c6151da8637a2c6d78c037ae9f1'} |
Write XRFF (Advanced File Connectors)
Writes the values of all examples into an XRFF-file.
Writes values of all examples into an XRFF file which can be used by the machine learning library Weka. The XRFF format is described in the XrffExampleSource operator which is able to read XRFF files to make them usable with RapidMiner.
Please note that writing attribute weights is not supported, please use the other RapidMiner operators for attribute weight loading and writing for this purpose.
• input (IOObject)
This input port expects an ExampleSet.
• through (IOObject)
The ExampleSet that was provided at the input port is delivered through this output port without any modifications. This is usually used to reuse the same ExampleSet in further operators of the process.
• file (File)
This port buffers the file object for passing it to the reader operators
• example_set_fileThe path of the XRFF file is specified here. It can be selected using the choose a file button. Range: filename
• encodingThis is an expert parameter. A long list of encoding is provided; users can select any of them. Range: selection | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8392205834388733}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '15017', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:I27ZSIYP2QRCJI7K3PWUL3IDWGG3NB45', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b7db6618-5142-4524-9cf1-2d3fe52e2851>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 19, 3, 9, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '99.84.216.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CPIPAFXJRWYVB6RLVZXMWS7XAAM7FXB7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e219920e-52d2-43a1-aa80-8ec1e0a92204>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://docs.rapidminer.com/latest/studio/operators/data_access/files/write/write_xrff.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c2a189fc-2765-4087-ba63-88e76c36318f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '179', 'url': 'https://docs.rapidminer.com/latest/studio/operators/data_access/files/write/write_xrff.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-45-61-6.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.032965123653411865', 'original_id': '4b91361b6f4bf9d30f628132c56c05d21a11ac567e9ca0d88b06f8a302eb32c5'} |
Weather Forecast
Smoke plume from burning asphalt likely was toxic
t4.26.18 Bob King -- 042918.N.DNT.TOXICSMOKEc3 -- Thick smoke pours from the fire at the Husky Energy oil refinery in Superior Thursday afternoon. Multiple experts say the plume of smoke from the refinery fire was almost certainly full of toxic fumes and human carcinogens. Bob King / rking@duluthnews.com1 / 3
t4.28.18 Bob King -- 042918.N.DNT.TOXICSMOKEc2 -- The Husky Energy oil refinery in Superior suffered major damage during the fire and explosions Thursday. This view was taken Saturday morning and shows damaged storage tanks and a pond of water and other liquids. Bob King / rking@duluthnews.com2 / 3
t4.28.18 Bob King -- 042918.N.DNT.TOXICSMOKEc1 -- In this aerial photo of Husky Energy oil refinery taken Saturday morning, damaged storage tanks, mangled pipes, a pond of water and other liquids are visible. There are still hot spots as evidenced by small amounts of smoke rising from the top center. Bob King / rking@duluthnews.com3 / 3
At the height of the Husky Energy oil refinery fire Thursday, as a massive plume of smoke billowed into the sky for miles, Superior Mayor Jim Paine was asked by reporters if the air was safe for people.
Yes, the mayor said, later repeating his claim.
While Paine may have been right that the air at his location upwind of the fire was safe, multiple experts say the black plume of smoke from the refinery fire was almost certainly full of toxic fumes and human carcinogens.
In fact, it's the smoke plume, and potentially toxic gas plumes, that spur pre-planned evacuations for miles downwind of refineries — like what happened in Superior Thursday — when a major fire breaks out, said Neil Carman, a former refinery inspector for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and now with the Lone Star chapter of the Sierra Club.
Kollin Schade, manager of the refinery, said it was asphalt pouring out of a punctured tank that was causing most of the fire and smoke Thursday. Asphalt is one of the major petroleum products produced at the Superior refinery.
When burned, asphalt not only emits toxic gases and particulate matter, but the smoke can contain small particles that can linger after the smoke dissipates, Carman said.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says burning asphalt gases include so-called volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, which can cause symptoms ranging from dizziness, breathing problems and nausea to liver damage and cancer, depending on the level and length of exposure.
"Everything in there (the smoke) is toxic chemicals. The unburned chemicals in the smoke are full of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ... they have benzene in them,'' Carman said. "They are very nasty chemicals. They are human carcinogens."
The tiny particles can lodge deep in the lungs when inhaled. From there, they can pass directly into a person's bloodstream, Carman said.
"It's microscopic stuff,'' Carman said. "Even where the plume looks like it's dissipating, these little particles are still out there. They are so microscopic that they easily move into the lungs."
How long the toxic danger lasts during and after any fire depends on wind direction, distance from the refinery, weather and other factors, experts said.
David Morrison of the EPA said the agency and Husky Energy employees were monitoring air quality during the fire using equipment on crews at the refinery, most of whom were not in the smoke plume. They also tested air quality at several locations taken in and near Superior — after the fire was out — and found no unsafe levels of particulate matter, hydrogen sulfide or volatile organic compounds, leading city officials to cancel the evacuation notice.
"There were very low, trace levels, well below any health standards, of volatile chemicals and dust and particulates," Morrison said.
But Wilma Subra, a chemist and technical adviser for the Louisiana Environmental Action Network, said polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons can remain in soil, on grass, on homes and in water long after it has settled out of the air — sometimes for years after events like fires and train derailments.
"People who inhaled it and absorbed through their skin during the fire should have concerns ... But they also are going to keep having contact with all this residual material, as they garden or mow the lawn. ... And two weeks from now they are going to be talking with their neighbors about how sick they are,'' Subra said. "By the time they (EPA) took the air samples, the unburned hydrocarbons were already out of the air. They should be testing the property downwind where the smoke deposited."
Elena Craft, senior health scientist for the Environmental Defense Fund, said monitoring after the fact may not reveal earlier issues. Craft said the smoke plume could have been a serious issue for people with breathing ailments, like COPD or asthma, and for the elderly and children.
"It's one thing to say the air is safe. But, really, did they have any monitoring results from the plume at the time to show that?'' Craft said. "And not only is there concern about the smoke plume you can see, but there is pollution you can't see that can harm you."
Craft said there may be environmental damage lingering long after the fire was put out. While volatile organic compounds dissipate quickly, polyaromatic hydrocarbons can persist in the environment.
"This stuff is going to wash out somewhere," Craft said. "You could see some downstream impacts."
Toxic gas potential
In addition to the toxic smoke from asphalt burning, officials were extremely concerned Thursday that the fire would spread to a tank of hydrogen fluoride, a federally regulated toxic chemical that some public safety groups say is inherently dangerous.
The Superior refinery is one of about 50 nationally that still uses hydrogen fluoride to process high-octane gasoline. An acid catalyst, hydrogen fluoride is one of several federally regulated toxic chemicals at the refinery, such as propane and butane. The refinery can handle about 78,000 pounds of hydrogen fluoride, according to federal EPA records from 2012.
Schade, the refinery manager, would not answer specific questions on hydrogen fluoride Thursday, only saying its presence at the refinery was one reason evacuation precautions were underway. The fire never reached the hydrogen fluoride, and on Friday Schade said the hydrogen fluoride tank was "not compromised whatsoever" by the explosions or fire.
A Superior Fire Department official on Thursday said having the fire spread to the hydrogen fluoride tank would be the worst-case scenario, with other experts saying the fumes could spread a toxic cloud of gas for miles downwind.
"It's a deadly chemical. A lot of things can burn your skin, but this stuff can go through your skin,'' Carman said. "It's the worst-case scenario chemical in every refinery that uses it. It's what sets the parameters for evacuations. It's basically a kill zone that can go out several miles. ... And the thing is, they don't have to use it. There are other options, like sulfuric acid, which is not nearly as deadly. It won't kill you if it's released like hydrogen fluoride will."
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hydrogen fluoride is a highly dangerous gas, forming corrosive and penetrating hydrofluoric acid upon contact with moisture. On any exposed skin, it immediately converts to hydrofluoric acid, which is corrosive and toxic and requires immediate medical attention upon exposure, the CDC said. Breathing in hydrogen fluoride at high levels, or in combination with skin contact, can cause death from an irregular heartbeat or from fluid buildup in the lungs. The gas can also cause blindness by rapid destruction of the corneas.
The EPA's fact sheet on hydrogen fluoride says even short-term inhalation "can cause severe respiratory damage in humans, including severe irritation and lung edema." Long-term exposure "has resulted in skeletal fluorosis, a bone disease." In high doses, hydrogen fluoride can cause convulsions and death from irregular heartbeat, according to the agency, and when exposed to water it is "one of the strongest acids known."
An EPA report from 1993 said a vapor release "could pose a significant threat to the public, especially in those instances where hydrogen fluoride is handled at facilities located in densely populated areas." Twenty-five years later, about a third of American refineries still use the compound. The Center for Public Integrity said refineries using hydrogen fluoride put a combined 16 million people at risk.
"It's like chlorine gas. It's an extremely toxic gas cloud that can move for miles downwind," Fred Millar, a Washington, D.C.-based independent consultant and activist on refinery toxicity issues,
told the News Tribune. "If your local officials aren't explaining how concerned they are about that, then they should be. It would be a disaster. That's what the evacuation (distances) should be based on."
News Tribune staff writer Brooks Johnson contributed to this story. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.96008563041687}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '89956', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VPIQEF7UNBTXJC52GR4ZXWE3ZIXYVHLZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8dd6a314-07aa-4275-9a37-72a6c0ba7bed>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 20, 3, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.229.173.101', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SILUPPWNKMTNNP2IHHMNF3QRLKX5MG6G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d618e2b4-7262-42a7-8c2a-ab7cde54af96>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/fires/4438508-smoke-plume-burning-asphalt-likely-was-toxic', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7de7497e-ff48-428e-b617-f13cf7a4ff97>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1428', 'url': 'https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/fires/4438508-smoke-plume-burning-asphalt-likely-was-toxic', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-192-21.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028918802738189697', 'original_id': '40b381f3e5b3aba3e6f7b1e16118a48bc49b1b106bd591ba4d0dee2f7e16bd89'} |
Sunday, November 19, 2006
Meme me me me
Gosh I love reading these Meme thingies, so I've stolen this one from Kirsty's "Two Lime Leaves" Blog. Have I been totally up myself by just barging on in and nicking it, should one wait to be invited? Brushing aside feelings of modesty and propriety, self importance over-rules and I'm doing it anyway!
1. What time did you get up this morning?
Does this mean wake up or get up? I woke up at 5am but then I slobbed in bed reading the paper then cruising blogs on my laptop with one ear on Rage on the tv. Soooo, it was about 8am when I finally got my butt moving.
2. Diamonds or pearls? I have a favourite pair of black pearl earrings that I wear all the time so I guess it would have to be pearls.
3. What is your favourite TV show(s)? hmm, I don't watch much TV that I actually concentrate on, but I do actively seek out and watch RPA and CSI. A blood and guts kinda gal. Oh, and cooking shows. We all love cooking shows in this house.
4.What is your middle name? Margaret
5. What is your favourite cuisine? Without being really sure what defines a particular cuisine, I'll have a stab and say Thai
6. What foods do you dislike? Orange cream biscuits, orange cream chocolates, HP sauce. What a pathetically small list that is!
7. Your favourite flavour of crisps? Ordinary salted ones, non-crinkle cut
8. What is your favorite CD at the moment? Christina Aguilera's new one. I love it so much that I can't even remember its name...
9. What characteristics do you despise? Dishonesty, two-faced people, people who think they are better than others, aggression
10. Favorite item of clothing? Ugg boots in winter, brown tank top with a pink floral screen print in summer
11. If you could go anywhere in the world on holiday, where would you go? In order of priority.... Maldives. The rest of Australia. Canada. New Zealand. Mauritius. UK (we went to England in 1982 for 3 weeks - it wasn't long enough). Italy. Scandinavia (I want to see the Northern Lights before I die). Japan.
12. What colour is your bathroom? Tan (very eighties)
13. Favorite brand of clothing? Not a brand person. But I always seem to like the clothes in Suzanne Grae - cheap and they FIT! AND, I often end up buying a smaller size there. Find me a shop that tells me I'm a size 12 and I'll be there every week!
14. Where would you want to retire to? The country, on a couple of acres. Albany in south west WA is what we have our eye on for now. I want chooks! And a stone walled orchard, small and hidden, like The Secret Garden.
15. Favorite time of day? First thing in the morning when it's quiet and it's cool outside and the birdies are tweeting
16. What washing powder do you use? Dynamomatic. Do I get a freebie?
17. Coke or Pepsi? Coke
18. What did you want to be when you were little? An actress. I think I bet some boy $2 when I was 7 that it would happen. It didn't happen, and I didn't pay up. That cpi adjusted debt must be worth a small fortune by now.
18. (b) What do you want to be now? Retired! A husband and wife team playing on our hobby farm, being as self-sufficient as possible. With lots of time for stitching and quilting and crafting. As long as I can still get Broadband, I would DIE without the Internet.
19. Favorite sweets? Clinkers clinkers clinkers
20. What are the different jobs you've had? Accounts clerk at a Dairy manufacturing company, mummy, clinical coder at a large public hospital, medical receptionist
21. Piercings? One in each ear.
22. Ever been to Africa? Nope. And it's not on my list of places I want to see
23. Been in a car accident? One little titchy one many years ago. Busted headlight on my darling little Mini Minor was the only casualty.
24. Favourite restaurant? Anywhere that will cook the food for me and wash the dishes is just fine.
25. Favourite flower? blue iris
26. How many times did you fail your driving test? Passed first time. It was touch and go, I was driving a bit too carefully and being rather slow. I remember the examiner sat in the seat for ages after the test, motionless, deep in thought. Finally he say "Ok, I'll pass you, but if you don't move a bit faster on the road I hope you get run down by a bus". Interesting... Suffice to say that my accelerator tends to hover on or a titch over the speed limit nowadays and no-one has run me down yet.
27. What do you do most often when you are bored? I can't remember the last time I was bored, it doesn't happen.
28. What is your favorite colour? Turquoise. And I love combos of cool colours
29. Lake, Ocean or River? Well, any water is good but I think I'll go River. A small one.
30. How many tattoos do you have? None and that's how it will stay. I did get a temporary henna tattoo on my ankle when we went to Bali about 5 years ago. I was rather proud of that.
31. Which came first, the chicken or the egg? Too hard, my brain will explode
32. What materialistic thing would you ask for if you had one wish to make? Money Money Money - to buy our country abode.
your daughter said...
hahaha, that's down the car accident that you caused =P
Dy said...
You're not being nice enough to me Meshell, you are supposed to be grovelling remember. :-)
Liz Needle said...
Good list Dy. Always interesting to find out about people you know, but don't know.
We share quite a frw things - especially Suzanne Gray. I can fit into size 10 jeans there!!! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '9', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9643884897232056}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51262', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GPHR464HEPI5E5IKWFCVRNSP4ZSJFAV2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:edfc7cd3-ad38-4046-9ba0-d92d07fb7e29>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 6, 21, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.13.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WF3JP3A4YTPYCJB3TP3NGLWFJJW6XYL7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ab055683-ab48-4652-b5ac-26227cd38aa0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://randomapplique.blogspot.com/2006/11/meme-me-me-me.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1be97f64-86e0-4a9b-b725-15c82aec2cf3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1007', 'url': 'http://randomapplique.blogspot.com/2006/11/meme-me-me-me.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-232-145-162.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02127128839492798', 'original_id': '00f24f55248ed938334b5cc247228398e5cb31df223e406607039122012eb27e'} |
Press "Enter" to skip to content
Stone Age humans or their relatives occasionally trekked through a green Arabia
Arabia, known today for its desert landscape, served as a “green turnstile” for migrating Stone Age members of the human genus starting around 400,000 years ago, a new study finds.
Monsoon rains periodically turned northern Arabia into a well-watered oasis, creating windows of opportunity for long-ago humans or their relatives to trek through that crossroads region from starting points in northern Africa and southwest Asia.
That’s the implication of a series of five ancient lake beds of varying ages, each accompanied by distinctive stone tools, unearthed at a northern Saudi Arabian site called Khall Amayshan 4, or KAM 4. Sediments from the lake beds, which were linked to periods when the climate was wetter than today, also yielded fossils of hippos, wild cattle and other animals. Like hominids, those creatures must have migrated into the region along rain-fed lakes, wetlands and rivers, an international team reports online September 1 in Nature.
Until now, the oldest stone tools in Arabia dated to at least 300,000 years ago (SN: 11/29/18). Previous finds only hinted that Stone Age Homo sapiens or other Homo species temporarily inhabited green, wetter parts of Arabia, a conclusion largely resting on discoveries at two other Saudi sites, each preserving stone tools from a single point in time (SN: 11/1/18).
Aside from providing the earliest known evidence of hominids in Arabia, the new finds demonstrate for the first time that ancient Homo groups traveled there when conditions turned wet, say archaeologist Huw Groucutt of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany, and colleagues.
Khall Amayshan 4 site pictured from above
Evidence of hominid occupations at five ancient lake sites, each dated to a different Stone Age time, was found at northern Saudi Arabia’s Khall Amayshan 4 site (shown).Michael Petraglia/Palaeodeserts Project
As a result, northern Arabia could have served as a key, if intermittent, passageway out of Africa for humans or close evolutionary relatives who reached South Asia by around 385,000 years ago (SN: 1/31/18), southern China between 120,000 and 80,000 years ago (SN: 10/14/15) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra between 73,000 and 63,000 years ago (SN: 8/9/17).
The number, completeness and time frames of KAM 4’s ancient lake deposits make this site “one of a kind … that will continue to produce remarkable results,” says archaeologist Donald Henry of the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma, who did not participate in the new study.
Across five occupation phases covering hundreds of thousands of years, different Homo species or closely related populations at KAM 4 “were doing broadly the same things,” Groucutt says. Small groups camped by lakes where individuals made stone tools for food preparation, hunting and woodworking.
But each phase, dated mainly by a technique that estimated the amount of time since grains of lake sediment had last been exposed to sunlight, had its own evolutionary character.
For example, the identity of the KAM 4 crowd 400,000 years ago, who left behind large hand axes, is unclear, but the researchers know it couldn’t have been H. sapiens. Our species didn’t originate until roughly 300,000 years ago in Africa (SN: 6/7/17). One possibility is that those ancient Arabians represented a now-extinct Homo population from southwest Asia that later migrated into Africa, possibly contributing to H. sapiens evolution, Groucutt speculates.
a stone hand axe shown from four different angles
Members of an unidentified Homo group left behind stone hand axes such this one (shown from different angles) along the shore of a northern Arabian lake about 400,000 years ago.Ian Cartwright/Palaeodeserts Project
Similar but slightly smaller, more finely worked hand axes turned up along the shore of a roughly 300,000-year-old KAM 4 lake bed, indicating a second phase of occupation. Groucutt and colleagues doubt that early H. sapiens from Africa scurried over to KAM 4 in time to make those tools. Whichever Homo group did could have come either from northern Africa or southwest Asia, the researchers say.
A third round of KAM 4 occupants, probably H. sapiens, fashioned artifacts excavated at an approximately 200,000-year-old lake bed, Groucutt says. These finds consist of rock chunks shaped so that sharp flakes, also unearthed there, could be pounded off. Humans based in northeastern Africa around that time made similar tools. Some of those people may have reached Arabia before eventually journeying to southwest Asia, Groucutt suggests.
Groucutt’s group excavated comparable tools at a site called Jubbah about 150 kilometers east of KAM 4 that date to around 210,000 years ago. Those finds are another sign of human migrations into Arabia at a time when the corresponding KAM 4 lake bed shows that wet conditions reigned. Additional stone tools unearthed at Jubbah date to around 75,000 years ago.
Stone implements resembling the Jubbah finds were also excavated at the youngest two KAM 4 sites, one dating to between about 125,000 and 75,000 years ago and the other to roughly 55,000 years ago. The older site likely hosted H. sapiens, possibly a group that left Africa, Groucutt suggests.
The youngest KAM 4 artifacts could represent either H. sapiens or Neandertals, he says. Neandertals reached the Middle East by about 70,000 years ago and could have reached a green Arabia by 55,000 years ago. If so, Neandertals may have interbred with H. sapiens in Arabia, a possibility not raised before.
Despite uncertainties about which hominids reached KAM 4 during its green phases, KAM 4 tools generally look more like similarly aged African tools than artifacts previously found in southern Arabia or at eastern Mediterranean sites, says Henry, the University of Tulsa archaeologist. Migrations out of Africa, he says, now appear more likely to have wended through northern Arabia rather than across a narrow Red Sea crossing to southern Arabia, often regarded as a major dispersal route for ancient humans.
Source link | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9440549612045288}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51455', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DDZWX3I5JDJPCEF64IPP6AONAXAWJSSL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:220ace84-975f-4b6b-bbc2-4ce25bd07cbf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 13, 32, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.34.52.118', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:THRZ5FZZACUELCHKP4ZUZJ2CFMVPW4LO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0ab6f2eb-04d9-44bc-83d0-051801891c91>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://amarishwardinews24.com/index.php/2021/09/06/stone-age-humans-or-their-relatives-occasionally-trekked-through-a-green-arabia/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e4b8300d-6124-40d7-9b0f-1f3ec7134652>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '966', 'url': 'https://amarishwardinews24.com/index.php/2021/09/06/stone-age-humans-or-their-relatives-occasionally-trekked-through-a-green-arabia/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.035364508628845215', 'original_id': '950f61a4188e19a8efc112e9fcef2661f168d8a6eceeff77f52340687bbf64e0'} |
The effects of Monosodium Glutamate [MSG] on the human body
17 Flares Facebook 14 Twitter 0 Google+ 1 Pin It Share 2 17 Flares ×
The food industry were delivered a massive boon when they discovered that manufactured Monosodium Glutamate [MSG] and its most potent factor, Glutamic Acid, made customers come back for more.
There are now very clear and strong links between MSG and obesity because of the way it affects the mind and body, and although it is sold as a flavour enhancer, it is in fact one of the best anti-appetite suppressors out there, meaning the more you eat, the more you want to eat.
The body has a vast array of sensors which trigger different chemical reactions in the brain and glutamic acid is a particularly dangerous one where food consumption and weight gain are concerned because it informs the protein receptor in the tongue that it is receiving healthy and nutritious protein and therefore triggers a wave of chemical messages and reactions which cause the body to malfunction.
MSG in its harmless looking packet. A demon sleeps within.
Obviously a packet of potato chips containing MSG are predominantly carbohydrates and not protein, but the body still tries to deal with them as if it was breaking down proteins.
Among the major problems with ingesting MSG is the increased production of insulin in the body. High levels of this hormone can increase the risk of Type II Diabetes which is a very difficult illness to live with. There are some ways of limiting the effects of Diabetes and indeed some people have cured themselves by living on a high carbohydrate, raw vegan diet, but that’s a discussion for another time.
Some detrimental side effects of Type II Diabetes; an illness caused by MSG and obesity.
Another unpleasant side effect of ingesting MSG is that it negates the Hypothalamus which is the ‘full valve’ in the brain. When we’ve eaten enough the Hypothalamus kicks in and makes sure that we feel satisfied after our meal. MSG actually tricks that part of the brain into ignorance which means that we keep eating beyond our comfortable or necessary threshold which not only makes us lethargic and hungry again very quickly, but also puts us into a state of metabolic stress which is where the fourth phase of its evil comes into play.
MSG effectively shuts down the hypothalamus, our safety valve in the brain which tells us when we've eaten enough.
While in a state of metabolic stress the body produces an enzyme called AMP-Activated Protein Kinase [AMPK] and its job is to reduce energy expenditure so that cells are able to continue functioning and not die as a result of over-exertion.
AMPK also increases our appetite as the body looks for more food to aid repair and increase its energy levels. MSG as an excitotoxin induces the deployment of AMPK by increasing the level of glutamate in the blood stream which makes us hungry and tired. The result is a body which is over-fuelled but limiting its energy use and it means that calories are not burned off and things like starch, carbohydrates and sugar in the food become fat in the body.
How AMPK's work when dealing with metabolic stress; another side effect of MSG.
MSG is basically creating food dependency and addiction in much the same way as drugs like ecstasy and heroin do, and food companies use that knowledge to keep people coming back for more of their products. Companies like McDonalds and KFC use MSG in certain products which makes them extremely palatable but wholly unsatisfying. When combined with sugar and other preservatives they become powerful agents in causing obesity and related illnesses such as Diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
Doritos among many other snack manufacturers don't even hide that fact that their products contain MSG.
MSG is hidden in some products under different names including E621, Hydrolyzed Pea Protein, Autolyzed Yeast, Maltodextrin and Sodium Caseinate. Watch out for brands like Cheetos and Doritos and and always check the ingredients of pizzas, baked goods, corn and potato products, and Chinese food as they are likely to contain MSG. If you do find yourself eating products which you know to contain the chemical, try to be aware of how your body and mind responds afterwards, try to gauge whether your mind is less sharp than normal or you become forgetful and tired. Those are good indications that you have consumed MSG.
Please share your thoughts on the links between MSG and obesity by leaving a comment.
Read about sustainable and healthy weight loss, why white bread, sugar and high calorie drinks are linked heavily to obesity and take a look at the harm sugar does to your body.
One thought on “The effects of Monosodium Glutamate [MSG] on the human body
1. Nice article. So the brain thinks everything covered in monosodium glutamate is a protein? But how does that improve the taste of something sweet for instance? If its over satisfying the glutamate receptor on the tongue how does glutamate add more taste to non proteins?
Comments are closed. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '43', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9536340236663818}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '46401', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VEPT24EZONC6X76DGTU34BKPQR5JXEYQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2835677d-dfce-4b9d-800f-fb35590193d6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 16, 38, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.8.56', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AOBRRQZMIOONWKWWGSZMIW2JHLJVLK2K', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4403ddbd-5013-45b3-b187-3365d8505533>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.sick-celebrities.com/obesity-fat/the-effects-of-monosodium-glutamate-msg-on-the-human-body/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3f23f43b-ad85-46e1-9ef1-ea6a072d18ef>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '861', 'url': 'http://www.sick-celebrities.com/obesity-fat/the-effects-of-monosodium-glutamate-msg-on-the-human-body/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.37248164415359497', 'original_id': 'b9f0e41d7ef2e0c91ec6fe05af19785b6e6bb1aa7be7e32cb5d42bb26682cd42'} |
Non-Argumentative it’s difficult to see the party uniting behind any of the candidates and it appears to be suffering from symptoms similar to their fellow conservatives in their crushing defeat at the hands of tony blair in 1997.
Non-Argumentative with the tea party movement demanding ideological purity from candidates but with little evidence that candidates would be likely to garner widespread support in the electorate as a whole.
Non-Argumentative by contrast the socially conservative and evangelical christian components of the party have not only become the leading voice in the party but have consistently spoken to and delivered states, such as kansas, which demographically should be blue.
Non-Argumentative with such clout it seems only sensible that candidates should focus on their concerns and speak on their behalf.
Non-Argumentative all candidates, in both parties, address their base during the primaries before returning to a broader, more consensual approach.
Non-Argumentative many supporters of the party believe that the socially conservative approach - opposing the liberal consensus of much of the media – is not only morally correct but makes good political sense in a nation with genuine social difficulties and all too few solutions to them.
Argumentative it 's difficult for a predominantly working class party to get all that excited about the choice between a range of millionaires .
Argumentative the bush presidency made it all too clear that the interests of the rich are the primary interest of the party and that it fails to deliver on areas such as a commitment to smaller government .
Argumentative as party activists becomes ever more obsessed with issues such as gay marriage or the flag-burning amendment , it simply fails to address the concerns of most americans to whom it has little to say .
Argumentative until it has a clearer and reasonable economic message , there is little it has to say and less worth listening to .
Argumentative both the labour and conservative parties in the uk , the conservatives in canada , the socialists in france and many others all over the world have gone through periods of regrouping following extended periods in office .
Argumentative the tea party movement has hijacked the republican party , bullying elected representatives to pursue a very narrow political agenda that has more to do with their moral outlook than the traditional role of politics .
Argumentative the tea party has little in the way of a political programme and nothing in the way of understanding the nuances of local politics or the realities of electoral politics .
Argumentative while the party remains in thrall to this vociferous but unrepresentative minority , it has little to offer the wider party and les to offer the wider american public .
Argumentative although they are strident in terms of what they are against , they have little to offer by way of a substantive contribution to the national debate .
| the_stack | {'hexsha': '8428eb310f0f9384fe2bbef16802932fe92889c2', 'size': '2987', 'ext': 'txt', 'lang': 'Text', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'data/webis-debate-16/politics252-output.txt', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'a2un/CS3710-Course-Project', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '0fbe54b188167856902f92ec28d85c5733dabde0', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'data/webis-debate-16/politics252-output.txt', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'a2un/CS3710-Course-Project', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '0fbe54b188167856902f92ec28d85c5733dabde0', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'data/webis-debate-16/politics252-output.txt', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'a2un/CS3710-Course-Project', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '0fbe54b188167856902f92ec28d85c5733dabde0', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '186.6875', 'max_line_length': '291', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.8202209575', 'original_id': '4946e16f4789dc89299698af7824004dea6ab0b9502962d9b692ad987df6f938'} |
Web Content Architecture: Your Customers’ & Google’s Best Friend
John Moore Pest ControlWriting great content is, well … great. But it is possible to overdo it. Cramming too much text onto one page can not only drive away potential customers, but all your carefully written content can become lost to Google. This is where web content architecture comes into play.
Proper web content architecture benefits two parties: your website users and the search engines.
Your website visitors are no different than you or me. They want to be able to find what they're looking for quickly without having to peruse your entire site, and their needs should be the first priority when creating your sitemap. Think about where you would look for certain information on a website, and create a sitemap based on that natural flow. The simpler you make it for them, the more likely they are to convert into paying customers ... and the more likely you are to catch Google's attention.
The key to successful SEO is optimizing specific pages for specific keywords, even if that means creating new pages to reflect those keywords. Google likes relevant, keyword-rich content, and if you try to accomplish too much on one page (i.e. trying to rank for too many keywords), Google’s not going to understand the purpose of your page and will likely give you a lower ranking in the search results.
Effective web content architecture also makes web design a lot easier. Knowing how much (and what type of) content will go on a page can help a designer decide on layout, color schemes, and verbiage found in images. Design and content should always go hand in hand, rather than one determining the other.
Our client, John Moore Services, is a great example of using site structure to your advantage. John Moore provides a plethora of home maintenance services to Houston area customers. But rather than summarize all their services on one page (or, equally useless, require visitors to scroll for eternity), they have broken apart their content into sub-pages that describe the specific services they offer. So, for example, underneath the main “Pest Control” page, we have service pages for Mosquitoes, Fire Ants, Termites, Rodents, and more. This way, customers can learn more about specific bug problems they have, and Google can give the site better rankings because of all the relevant content on each individual page. By breaking apart the content into separate pages, our design team was able to choose relevant imagery and layouts to accommodate the content.
If you find visitors leaving your site in droves because they can't find what they're looking for, it's time to re-visit your web content architecture. Drop us a line to find out how we can help.
You Might Also Like | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9279577732086182}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '125325', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SYKDWB3PW4LPJKRSDQHXQX7IIA53KDEU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5cc7da74-db89-439f-bf7d-b5092d896d1b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 25, 6, 3, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.17.134.180', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:K46K7CGFSUUSTSOVETAROQBYED5W7BGT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:79937617-527e-4722-905a-6a873cc5d574>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.lyntonweb.com/blog/bid/59808/Web-Content-Architecture-Your-Customers-Google-s-Best-Friend', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:93e24b8e-dc41-4091-b1c4-939cc24317d4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '456', 'url': 'https://www.lyntonweb.com/blog/bid/59808/Web-Content-Architecture-Your-Customers-Google-s-Best-Friend', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-157-215-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.021919548511505127', 'original_id': '5e7d233d6de0a8c3cb9d62f18a72d02f542f21df3ea9f7334cd7e7da3abce159'} |
With this site now catering towards other areas of media, I think it’s appropriate to start off with one of my favorite franchises of all time. Here’s a take on the Marvel Cinematic Universe written by my good friend @Ziggy Starscream On Twitter and Instagram
American Cinema has reached a point in this age of mass information that the storytellers seem to feel a sense of responsibility to present narratives that not only reflect our world but compel us to shape it but to make us think critically. Robert Ray’s “Thematic Paradigm” acts as a framework for these storytellers to wrap their ideas around so it appears comprehensible to the public despite the normally difficult topics associated with the movie’s narrative. This brings us to the topic of this paper; Captain America: Civil War. This movie’s overall theme is that of the trade-offs between civil liberties and “national security.”, with each ideology embodied in the form of the “outlaw hero” in Captain America and the “official hero” in Iron Man. With this movie existing in a crossing web of franchises, this is actually an interesting development in these two characters. Captain America in all the movies he previously appeared in is very clearly represented the “official hero” just as Iron Man was the “outlaw hero” in each movie that he had appeared in. In the earlier movies, scenes with these two characters (who are teammates and friends) routinely had Captain America act as an “official hero” to keep the “outlaw hero” Iron Man in check. Returning to the “Thematic Paradigm”, this is central to the main point of the movie.
Captain America: Civil War is a movie that exists in a “universe” of crossing franchises that have been produced by Marvel Studios in association with Disney since 2008 with the release of Iron Man. With each movie having repercussions that affect other movies that exist in this web of movie franchises, each film released expands on a continuing narrative that allows many characters to be more thoroughly fleshed out in their motives, ideas, actions etc. By having a large amount of background information, this allowed the storytellers behind Captain America: Civil War much more creative freedom with characters as they do not have to entangle themselves with introducing characters and producing an origin story that would take up too much time in the film. The audience can go into the movie already knowing who the characters are, what their ideology is and why they act the way they do. As a result of this, the writers can focus on the real narrative, using these characters that represent different schools of thought and place them into positions that force us to see them act on hard decisions. The Marvel Studios movies function in a unique way in that regard. As they continue to add more movies to the pantheon they only have to make a single movie to introduce a character and establish their ideology. After that, they become a representation that can be used in crossover movies to develop the story. This develops a multi-level narrative that continually folds in on itself which gives the creative minds behind the Marvel Cinematic Universe a huge degree of creative freedom Captain America: Civil War is an especially unique case, however; the ideologies of Captain America remained the same but Iron Man had an ideological shift and their roles in the “Thematic Paradigm” in the film are reversed. Why is that change important? To answer that question, we must first establish each character.
Captain America has appeared in seven movies in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (Captain America: The First Avenger, Avengers, Thor: Dark World, Captain America: Winter Soldier, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Ant-Man, Captain America: Civil War). First introduced in Captain America: The First Avenger, the cinematic version of Captain America is established. Steve Rogers was an orphan in Brooklyn of small physical stature who had a very tough and stubborn mentality with an empathetic heart. Along with his friend James “Bucky” Barnes, he decides to enlist in the army during World War II. Rogers struggled with the physical aspect of the army but he was spotted for his temperament and behavior as the perfect subject to receive the “supersoldier serum.” Captain America becomes a symbol of American strength as he was taken around to boost the morale of troops. Realizing his potential to do much more for the war effort, Rogers leads a solo rescue mission and frees over 400 allied prisoners of war, including his childhood friend James “Bucky” Barnes. Upon returning to base, Rogers, Barnes and several of the other freed POWs formed the elite military group the “Howling Commandos” whose focus was on dismantling HYDRA operations in Europe. On a mission to recover a weapon from a train that that becomes compromised, Barnes falls and presumably dies which a distraught Rogers refuses to believe. Rogers leads another mission to the main HYDRA base to try and find Barnes as well as dismantle HYDRA once and for all. Rogers destroys the HYDRA weapons base he infiltrated and battled with the HYDRA leader, Red Skull, in a plane before crashing into Antarctica where he was frozen in ice until the present day, preserved and alive thanks to the supersoldier serum. Rogers was discovered by S.H.I.E.LD. and after talking to Nick Fury, the Head of S.H.I.E.L.D he takes his place back as the leader of The Avengers Initiative.
In Captain America: The First Avenger, Steve Rogers/Captain America’s ideology is firmly set early in the film. He is a representation of the “good” pieces of the. Rogers comes from modest beginnings, has a dislike of bullies and is willing to step up to them. He fits the archetype of the David vs Goliath/”The Underdog” very easily before the supersoldier serum is given to him. His main goal was to join the military and fight on the front lines against fascism and for the founding ideals behind America, which in itself is a very goal. Selflessness led him to risk himself to save his fellow brothers-in-arms. In his appearance, he is a handsome and clean cut and rarely seen outside of his military uniform. Rogers was never very lucky with women as he admitted he was “just waiting for the right partner” which he found in Peggy Carter, having her picture in his pocket watch as the plane plunged into the water. Steve Rogers was built in character to be not only the man you would want to introduce to your daughter but also the man that you want leading your son into battle. Through the lens of the “Thematic Paradigm” it is easily established how Steve Rogers is an “official” hero based on the character traits he exudes and his course of action. However, it is very important to note that Steve Rogers is very locked into his shape of the world and of the behavior of people. His moral compass has very little room for a gray area as there is typically either a right or a wrong to Cap’s assessment of a situation. This actually leads to Steve Rogers becoming somewhat of a static character since his actions are typically more predictable than that of his counterpart; Tony Stark. Captain America’s shift from “official hero” to “outlaw hero” does not stem from a change in his ideology but a to force him to switch to the “outlaw hero” paradigm.
For a civil war to occur, there must be a unity of parties that then disagree. The “official hero” has walked on stage but now we are waiting for the gunslinger, the rock star, the “outlaw hero.” But this is a movie about superheroes. The clean-cut military man whose body is pushed to human limits starts and the “genius, billionaire, playboy, philanthropist” in a “suit of armor” follows. The world was introduced to Tony Stark in Iron Man. Brilliantly played by Robert Downey Jr, Tony Stark has appeared in seven Marvel Cinematic Universe films (Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, Iron Man 2, The Avengers, Iron Man 3, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Captain America: Civil War). Tony Stark was a prodigy. The son of a scientific mind and weapon empire, Tony Stark was not someone to fit the cookie-cutter image of a “man of science.” Stark was arrogant, brash and entitled. Living off of a weapons fortune he continued to push the boundaries of warfare. On a trip to Afghanistan to introduce his new “JERICHO” missile, his transport convoy was attacked. Stark woke up a prisoner, and with an electromagnet surgically installed in his chest by a fellow captive to keep the shrapnel from reaching Stark’s heart and killing him. Stark realized that using his ARC reactor technology, he could feign building missiles for his captors but actually build a power source for a suit of armor that could be placed in his chest where the electromagnet is; an escape plan. After a successful escape and rescue, Stark discontinues the production of weapons for his company as he witnessed what his weapons can do in the hands of the wrong people. In secret, he continued to develop the Iron Man suit. Stark’s decision to discontinue the development of weapons caused a rift inside his corporation as a result of the massive stock hits that were a direct result of the decision. Stark Enterprises board of directors led by longtime associate Obadiah Stane, wished to remove Stark from his own company with causation due to financial loss in the company. After a fight with Obadiah Stane who built his own suit with the help of the terrorists that originally attacked Stark in Afghanistan that resulted in Stane’s death, Stark held a press conference publically announcing himself as Iron Man.
Iron Man was also the launch of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The writers had no constraints to write in as far as the overarching universe they were knowingly the launch point for, however, they did have to make a good movie to boost confidence in the future movies. To do this, they had to establish Tony Stark as an ideal “outlaw hero” as vigilantes typically are by nature. The plot of Iron Man was rather straightforward. The “outlaw hero” had a revelation and changed his ways that had negative repercussions that he had to deal with. The major point of the film was to establish who Tony Stark was ideologically and this is only truly achieved through the mastery of the character by Robert Downey Jr.
Downey plays Stark with a flair for theatrics and a sarcastic wit that is sharp as it is spontaneous. While he himself may not be the billionaire, genius, playboy, philanthropist but he captures every part of the character as a reflection of his own personality. As much as Stark is a loose cannon in the Avengers, there are stories that during production Downey would hide food on set that he would pick up and eat while filming without the rest of the production crew knowing. Some of these shots are in the final cut of the films as it flows seamlessly with the spontaneity of the character. Tony Stark represents intellectual advancement, science and the power of technology while all being wrapped up in a narcissistic, alcoholic and rebellious shell that cracks at the seams. Tony Stark is an arrogant character by design. He is a genius that towers in intellect over most other human beings and lives in a monument to his wealth and ingenuity that bears his name across the Manhattan skyline. For the man who has everything, what does he pursue? Stark chose to pursue progress. However, during Iron Man he states that he realizes the power of his weapons in the wrong hands, but develops the Iron Man suit anyways stating that he alone is the right person to wield that power responsibly. With science and engineering at his side, there is little that Tony Stark believes that Tony Stark cannot solve. The static characterization of Captain America is the opposite of Iron Man. Tony Stark is an extremely dynamic character throughout his presentation of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Iron Man had him believing that he was the only one responsible to control this type of power. In the aftermath of The Avengers he began the necessity of unity of people of this power in defense of humanity. Iron Man 3 had Tony reconsider the amount of suits he was creating after urging of Pepper Potts for the sake of their romantic relationship. Avengers: Age of Ultron had Tony create Ultron as a way to step away from the suit to only have it cause mass devastation to millions of people in the nation of Sokovia. Finally in Captain America: Civil War Stark concedes that he among everyone else in the Avengers cannot be solely responsible for the power they possess. This crossing film narrative of the development of Tony Stark shows a character who slowly feels the weight of responsibility crush him. Tony’s dynamism comes from his arrogant attitude as much as his ignorance of the world. After years of problems, fights and disasters “The Invincible Iron Man” realized that everyone needs to be held accountable by someone. The “outlaw hero” conceded to the wills of the governing body by abdicating his arrogance and through that ideological shift has become the “official hero.”
With the founding of the Avengers and the unity of the “outlaw hero” and “official hero” among other supporting members that all have firmly established origins and relationships to one another, the main focus of the later films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe become the story itself. Captain America: Civil War is not a story about Captain America and Iron Man because all the work to make the story about them was done in previous films. This film is an allegory on the argument of public safety versus public freedom using Iron Man and Captain America as the representation of each respectively. The “Thematic Paradigm” gave a skeleton of structure for a way to present this issue to the public in a way that is easily presentable. The natural affinity for the heroes in Iron Man and Captain America has been established in mainstream American culture for almost a decade thanks to the success of these movies. The audience already knows what has happened to Tony Stark and to Captain America so there is no need to waste story development on the past events that the audience is assumed to already be aware of. Captain America: Civil War is a film that is entirely based on its world’s present time. Iron Man and Captain America merely react to the events of the narrative and the audience coherently follows as a result of the intimate relationship the audience has developed with these characters over the years.
Just like in the real world, an issue rarely sees the public light until something drastic happens. At that point, a public dialogue on a proper response is ignited. All issues need a catalyst and in the storytelling of Captain America: Civil War is no different. After the Sokovia Incident in Avengers: Age of Ultron and the opening scene[1] in Captain America: Civil War, a global outcry for some form of control on the superbeings becomes the major object of discussion. “The Sokovia Accord” was introduced. This act would place the control of the Avengers in their deployment and actions under the control of the United Nations and any Avenger who chooses not to sign would be labeled an international criminal for failing to comply. Named after the country in which the Avengers battled Ultron and the fallout of the battle destroyed an entire city and surrounding metropolitan area, the Sokovia Accord was signed by 117 countries of the United Nations and was to be ratified in Vienna three days after its introduction. At this point in the narrative, the Sokovia Accord is a point of only discussion among the Avengers. The line had been drawn in the sand that Captain America believes that taking away the Avengers rights to choose then lets them be held to the agendas of people where Iron Man believes that the power they hold can no longer be solely their responsibility when innocent lives are at stake. The villain in the film, Baron Zemo, acts as a theatrical tool to push the right buttons to generate the schism between Captain America and Iron Man. At the ratification meeting in Vienna, Zemo poses as James “Bucky” Barnes aka The Winter Soldier and attacks the United Nations meeting and kills the king of Wakanda as collateral damage.
As the world begins to change, Captain America holds to his ideological view of freedom, loyalty, and defense. The attack on the meeting in Vienna takes the conversation and turns it into a powder keg. Captain America’s fierce loyalty to his friend and insistence on Barnes’ innocence in the attack forced Cap to turn rogue against the Sokovia Accord. To Tony Stark the attack on Vienna proves that there is no longer any argument than to enforce the Sokovia Accord and on orders of the Secretary of State, he leaves to apprehend Captain America as an international criminal.
The title does emphasize (rather obviously) that the real conflict of the film’s narrative is the internal struggle between the Avengers that embody different ideological perspectives. Baron Zemo as the villain takes a backseat but does an excellent job of progressing the plot. He appears in smaller chunks of screen time with each appearance being a manipulation of some sort to push Captain America and Iron Man farther apart. As a villain manipulating a situation instead of standing at the forefront Zemo functions perfectly for the narrative to not direct the plot but merely guide it. In doing this the audience is forced to think on the issue between Captain America and Tony Stark, almost forgetting that Zemo is a factor at all. Only through Zemo’s actions though was Captain America able to not only go against the Sokovia Accord but also prove it’s manipulative origins. Zemo was living in Sokovia when the city fell. His family was killed and revenge is his motivation. With known characters representing distinct schools of thought and a villain whose motivation is simple and actions subtle, the audience continues to focus on the main narrative’s issue.
The second half of the movie is largely the battle between the two sides of the civil war. Captain America and his team are fighting to prove Bucky’s innocence and expose corruption while Iron Man and his team are fighting to uphold the international law. Here Zemo plays another vital role. His ulterior motive is the development of more “winter soldiers” by finding Bucky’s holding cell in Siberia. With Captain America proving that Bucky was innocent in the attack in Vienna outside of the jurisdiction of the Sokovia Accord, Cap also shows how the freedom of restraint is necessary to some degree for the Avengers to function in the way that they must to protect the world while Iron Man, working within the law, is incapable to stop Zemo because of the bureaucratic handcuffs the Sokovia Accord had placed on him.
These connections are much easier to draw in this extended narrative as the characters are known qualities. The audience already knows everything they need to know about these characters and the events that develop are what makes the audience want to watch their reaction. Each event at this point is only additive to the characters as individuals and to the overall plot in not only the individual film but to the continuing narrative of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The audience is now left with a choice going into a movie based on the title alone. There would be a split among the team that they have learned to love over years of anticipation and more than a handful of movies. The audience knows going in that the real battle is within and the villain is inconsequential. The audience knows going in that they all have their respective favorites. The audience knows that they will choose sides just like the heroes themselves. But the audience does not know who will win or if there is really a victory at all. The importance of this film is that while this movie shifts American cinema farther into the realm of spectacle more than almost any cinematic event in history, the audience almost feels participatory. The uneasy feeling that is developed seeing both paradigms of heroes identified and then reflected onto each other as there is no real villain to fight leaves the audience watching in astonishment. As the credits roll and the last secret scene is shown, the audience is left pondering the split and who actually was right or who even won. There are two things for certain though. First that this film will start many conversations about many topics that many people did not think to really discuss. Secondly that the audience cannot wait to see what comes next.
–@Ziggy Starscream On Twitter and Instagram
Leave a Reply
WordPress.com Logo
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s
%d bloggers like this: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '35', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.970916986465454}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '81909', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SBL2XL3SHPTX7CTKJ6TO5SFZS6EIHNNQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f47cb9c0-6fe2-47de-9ce6-b2dbc1e54b9d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 23, 21, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DWTLKIOSJDX4PA6PM4EOFFOMYXZ6CYRA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0a37f453-7511-43c2-b7c1-acd222824398>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://appreciationenthusiast.com/2018/04/13/marvels-civil-war-the-future-of-american-storytelling/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5b8f7c90-0a26-4345-b408-5d440a8449c3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3552', 'url': 'https://appreciationenthusiast.com/2018/04/13/marvels-civil-war-the-future-of-american-storytelling/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-76.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.191728413105011', 'original_id': 'c7287ce887b359727fa07ac9180aa7bfe10dd1d0ce0b2c6e89153c3fddf1a1c5'} |
Pioneer graduates named to northern Alberta all-star team
Dozens of graduating Grade 12 football players from across northern Alberta, including Peace River’s Curt Craddock and Kruise Hofferd, attended a training camp on April 12-14 in Edmonton, in hopes of cracking the 40-man roster for the Football Alberta “North” All-Star Senior Bowl team.
Not only did the two Peace River Pioneers graduates go up against faster and stronger players from larger populated towns and cities, but their hard work, intensity and determination – a sure sign of what three years in the Pioneers football program instilled upon them –impressed the coaching staff and were named to the all-star roster.
On May 20, the north all-star team will be facing off against the south all-star team (consisting of players from the Calgary area) in the 24th annual Football Alberta Senior Bowl High School Football All-Star Game at McMahon Stadium in Calgary.
“I’m very excited. I can’t wait to play and I think it’ll be a good experience. I think north and south will be a very good game. I know Kruise and I will be able to represent Peace River quite well,” Craddock, who will play runningback, told the Record-Gazette by phone.
“Everybody who was there just really wants to play football and deserves to make that team, but of course, not 200 players could be on one team,” he added.
For Hofferd, playing in his last football high school game, this time against the province’s best, will be icing an icing on the cake – literally.
“The actual game, I can’t wait for it. It actually works out that it’s the day after my birthday, so it’s probably going to be the best weekend of my life,” Hofferd, who will play on the Offensive Line, told the Record-Gazette by phone.
To be able to attend tryouts, players had to be nominated by their high school coach and had to be a graduating Grade 12 student.
Chris Friskie, head coach for the Pioneers, nominated both Craddock and Hofferd.
Craddock says with so many players vying to crack the roster, instantly impressing coaches was key.
“There were a lot of drills to see how we could react in game situations; there were situations where we couldn’t always hold on to the ball at the running back’s point of view. So we had to learn to see how we could do in blocking and catching the ball. They’re looking for football players that are very coachable and that understand the game,” he said.
Hofferd added that attending tryouts was a testament to his passion for football.
“Either way the turnout of the tryout I would have been pleased just to end my high school career knowing I was good enough to go to that level at the all-star game. Just going to tryouts was warming enough but making the team is a heck of a more of an accomplishment.”
Peace River Prospectors quarterback and captain Kelton Bailey was also named to the north squad for the Bantam Bowl, otherwise known as the Alberta Minor Football All-Star Game, which is for graduating Grade 9 players. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9f32bd5d2b7479ec504156af894e5facb3a808e1cd573b89bd69aed23b4b4d7a'} |
Traveling Twi'lek
Random tips for traveling with a Twi'lek costume:
Don't forget the lekku! -They're a little bit important to the look.
Body Paint -Carrying multiple small bottles is better than carrying one large bottle. That way if there is a spill, you won't lose everything.
Body Painting in a Hotel Bathroom - First, keep in mind that hotel bathrooms are often small and have limited counter space. Organize well before you go, and you won't have to panic when you get there. If you are going to use a compressor or fan, make sure the outlets in the bathroom work as soon as you get there. If they don't work, ask for another room before you get settled in. You don't want to discover on the morning of your Twi'lek debut that you have no electricity!
Take a painter's tarp with you. They're thin plastic, very large, and cheap. You can get a package of tarps for a few dollars in the paint area of places like Home Depot or Walmart. Before you begin painting, spread the tarp over your whole work area: the counter, the floor, everywhere that paint might drip or spill. If you're airbrushing, then cover EVERYTHING with the tarp... even the toilet and tub! (Or close the tub curtain.) Airbrushes create a cloud of paint in the air that will settle on every surface. Covering everything makes cleanup a breeze; you just crumple up the tarp when you're done and stuff it in the trash, or into a bag for reuse later.
Box Fan - If you're planning to airbrush, take a small box fan that has been covered on one side with the filter screen from an air conditioner. You can get the screens cheaply, and they're easy to cut with an old pair of scissors. Most have a thin metal mesh to help hold their shape, so be careful you don't scratch yourself on that. Tape the filter over one side of the fan, and keep the fan running while you're airbrushing. It will catch the airborne paint mist and keep you from breathing it. It also keeps the paint mist from setting off your hotel room's fire alarm. The breeze from the fan can also help paint dry faster, or blow fumes from alcohol based paints away from your face.
Once you're at a convention, it's very hard to get more body paint if you encounter any paint disasters. To protect myself from running out at a really bad time, I always make big batches of paint. Since many brands of paint are cheaper per ounce in the larger sized bottles, I always order enough paint for three or four events at a time. Even though it's initially more expensive to buy a lot at once, I know that I'm saving in the long run with lower prices and fewer shipping charges. I mix up the colors (I always make my own color blends), and then pour the paint into multiple small bottles. That way if one bottle spills, I still have the others as backup. I always take twice as many bottles as I will need, just to be absolutely sure that I won't run out.
- When sponging liquid paint, never apply it directly out of the bottle. Instead, pour the amount needed into a shallow tray and then put the lid back on the paint bottle before sponging. You'll avoid spilling the whole bottle, and reduce evaporation while you work.
- Since many airbrushes come with glass or thin plastic bottles, I've learned (the hard way) to always take an extra airbrush bottle or two. They don't bounce well on tile floors when you accidentally knock a bottle off the counter with the airbrush hose.
- When traveling, always pack your liquids in a small ziplock bag, and then pack that bag inside a larger heavy-duty (gallon) sized bag. Pack body paint, paint sealers, and removers in separate bags so they won't contaminate each other if something leaks. I've found that multiple bags tend to protect the bottles from overzealous baggage handlers in the airport... and if there is a spill or leak, the doubled bags will protect everything else in your luggage. It also makes it possible to recover most of the spilled paint if one of your bottles develops a bad leak. Whew!
- Create a "Cleanup Kit" to take with you to the hotel. When everything is together, you don't have to worry about forgetting anything at home... and when you hop in the shower to take off the paint, you'll have everything on hand and ready to use. In a quart ziplock bag, pack an old washcloth that you won't mind getting paint stained. Pack a bar of soap in that bag, too, since we know what a pain it is to use those dinky little hotel soaps when you have a big cleanup job. This bag is for cleaning you. In another bag, pack a second washcloth that you're willing to sacrifice, along with a small travel bottle of dish soap. This one is for cleaning the shower/tub if you leave a colorful soap ring. I've found that dish soap works really well for cutting the grease of makeup removers on the occasions when they leave a colorful ring in the tub. In another bag, you'll need your makeup remover, whatever that might be. Pack these bags in a gallon ziplock, and it will be ready when it's time for you to be human colored again. When you're finished removing the paint, just put the washcloths and everything else back in the bags, and then you'll be able to take them home for cleaning without staining anything else in your luggage. Also, take your own sacrificial towel for drying off that day. Even when you're 100% sure that you've gotten off all of the paint, there WILL still be paint smudges you missed. Most hotels use white towels, and it's not nice to get body paint all over them.
- When you get home, it's better to hand wash the paint-removal washcloths in the sink, rather than tossing them in the washer with the rest of your laundry. Use dish soap to cut the oil in them. The residue from many of the paint removers can mess up a whole load of laundry, or leave a nasty ring in your washer. Better to be safe than sorry!
- Body paint can make a mess if you're not careful with it. Please don't leave that mess for hotel housekeeping to deal with. The housekeeping staff is generally overworked and underpaid as it is, and they shouldn't have to clean up a massive red or blue mess in the bathroom when you're gone. Please consider leaving them a generous tip for the extra work they might have to do in your room. Imagine how much harder their job is while a convention is in town! They're not allowed to take any money that is just left out, but leaving a few dollars in an envelope or with a thank-you note that is addressed to them is always appreciated. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9627134203910828}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '69519', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HRN47DHBKIOMAS24XG2G5HMO2UBO5NXF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d0013481-720a-4f21-8973-2dba5cf8b24a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 8, 22, 45, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.227.38.36', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NQBOPDXO7D3NW4ENDMTCLKB7AGTRPCQV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:faedeaac-2134-4c01-9217-14d2d6edd67a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://twilekpam.com/pages/traveling-twilek', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b12db64b-192a-4b19-bdb0-99a86043476a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1177', 'url': 'https://twilekpam.com/pages/traveling-twilek', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-127.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.28758907318115234', 'original_id': '1a79409cffe8facd07ab40fe97999679177528f131cf2053060139e2b893e35e'} |
Tuesday, May 31, 2005
The little suprise
Well, it's a girl!
I was so certain it was a boy but it's not. The ultrasound tech had me in just about every position I could get into to try to get a good look but as she put it "there are no boy parts showing and definitly some girl parts".
I have to admit there was a tiny part of me rooting for the baby to be a girl. I want someone I can play Barbies with and dress is Disney Princess dresses. Dad says he has to go out and go shopping now because he has always seen such cool girl Disney stuff but he never had anyone to buy it for before.
So yeah, I'm happy. Suprised but happy.
Ok, so the other details. The baby weighs 13 ounces and seems to have all her parts and everything seems to be in working order. She was really moving all over the place during the ultrasound and at one point we saw her hiccup. No matter how she moved though she always seemed to be keeping her legs closed. The ultrasound tech said they were looking for either a "hambuger" or a "turtle" to determine if it was a boy or a girl. After spending lots and lots of time she said she wasn't seeing any sign of a turtle but was seeing a definate hamburger. It was nice to hear it explained in such technical medical terms.
We got some really fun pictures of her. Tow profiles, one of her arm and fist next to her face and one really cool one of her face straight on. It's kind of funny looking because you can only see the skull bones but it's still kind of cute. My baby girl has the cutest little skull you've ever seen.
In a funk
I haven't had too much to say lately because I've been feeling a bit blue. No real reason that I can figure out, I'm just in a funk. Oh well. Im going to get my ultra-sound in a couple of hours and that will probably cheer me up.
We went to the zoo on Sunday and that was a lot of fun. I'll post more about it later if I ever get out of this blasted bad mood.
Thursday, May 26, 2005
Me and my buddy
My plan regarding my weight with my pregnancy has been to try to eat healthy but also to give in to cravings and eat what I want (within reason of course). So far it's worked out pretty well because most of my cravings have not been for things that are too terribly unhealthy or junky aside from that one time I wanted pork rinds.
Jesse "helps" by reminding me that I am eating for two now so it's ok for me to eat a little more. I have to remind myself that one of us has the caloric needs of a golf ball, not a linebacker so they probably won't be too much help in burning off that entire pan of brownies I'm considering eating.
Wednesday, May 25, 2005
May I offer you some casserole?
My parents watched Joseph last night while Jesse and I went to the Lion King show. They had pork chops for dinner. Joseph told them "My family doesn't eat pork chops. We eat casserole because it promotes a healthy colon."
I could not make this stuff up if I tried.
The Lion King
Jesse and I went to see the Lion King Broadway show last night. It was amazing! The costumes, the dancing, the sets, the music, it was all awesome. There was one number right after the intermission where there were cast members out in the audience waving around these birds (fake obivously) over the audiances heads. There was one cast memeber right behind us and the bird she had kept going right over our head. It was so cool, I could have reached up and touched it. That was one of my favorite numbers.
We had GREAT seats. They were right in the middle about 4 rows up in the balcony. We could see everything perfectly but were far back enough to be able to take it all in at one. Jesse and I both agreed that we probably had some of the best seats in the house.
Someone Jesse worked with saw the show a litlt while ago and he liked the show too but he thought "the music was weak". I have to assume that he was either listening to the show through sound-altering headphones or was at another show all together. I thought the music was great and I had goosbumps a lot of the time watching the show.
We bought a show soundtrack for us all to listen to and a Lion King trading pin for Joseph. He looked at it and said "Can I have a Beanie Baby instead?". What a doll.
Monday, May 23, 2005
One more update
I am 19 weeks pregnant today. I feel little flutterings in my tummy almost every day now, most often in the evening. I'm looking forward to feeling some big kicks and turns.
At 19 weeks the baby is starting to produce vernix caseosa, the creamy stuff the covers the baby's skin to protect it from the amniotic fluid. The baby is now about 7 inches long and weighs between 6.5 and 8 ounces. It's around this time that the baby starts to get hiccups, grow hair and fully extend it's arms and legs. Babies are awesome.
The Twins game
So the 3 of us went to a Twins game yesterday. It was a good game but it ran a little long. The Twins came from behind to pull out a very exciting win in the 11th inning. Joseph even got into it at the end, clapping and cheering when everyone else did.
Joseph got a book and a bat when we came in the gate, they were giving them away to kids 14 and under. He got his face painted before the game started. I was a little shocked that he would want it done and that he would sit still long enough to have it done. After the game all the kids that wanted to could come onto the field and run the bases. That was pretty cool.
We had to wait around a while because there were sooooo many people but it was worth the wait. He started at first base and took off running for all he was worth. His little arms and legs were just flying every which way. The guy behind us even had to chuckle at how cute he looked. After Joseph rounded second base he fell down right in the dirt. He got back up, looked around, shook himself off and kept right on going. We got a couple of pictures of him running to home base and they're pretty cute. We cheered for him and had to catch him because he was all set to take off again. He was a little worried about falling because he had some dirt on his shorts and shirt but I told him he looked just like a baseball player who slid into the base. He seemed to think that was pretty cool. He was even more pleased this morning to discover a little scuff on his brace because "baseball players get dirt on their 'blaces' too". As we were leaving the field we took a picture of Joseph in front of the Twins dugout, the floor of which may have been the most disgusting thing I have ever seen.
All in all it was a fun day and we all had a good time.
What the?
Another actual conversation between me and Joseph, this time upon me walking into his room and discovering his underwear hanging off his ceiling fan.
Me: Joseph, why is your underwear hanging off your fan?
Joseph: Well, I was excited to watch tv so I started jumping around and I jumped so high my underwear got snagged on the ceiling fan and when I came back down it just flew off. So now it's stuck there.
That's the whole thing. What else could I really say?
I had a dream last night that the baby was born 3 weeks early and it was just tiny, tiny, tiny. It was also a girl. That's the second time I've dreamed that. Before I was so sure that it was a boy that whenever I dreamed about it I dreamt it was a boy. Now I wonder if I'm wrong. Joseph has also started refering to the baby as "she" when he always used to say "he". I'm very curious to see what the ultra-sound I'm having on the 31st will say.
Saturday, May 21, 2005
Talking with Mr Joe
Joseph: I want a pet parakeet.
Me: We can't get a bird honey, they make such a mess.
J: Why?
M: Because they scatter food and feathers all over the place. Plus, you have to let them out of their cage once in a while so they can fly around and then they poop all over the house.
J: Like, on my stuff they would poop?
M: Right.
J: So what pet doesn't poop on my stuff?
M: Well, dogs can be trained not to poop in the house.
J: Remember when Belle pooped in the house?
M: Yeah, she was such a stinker-dog.
J: What did she poop on?
M: She pooped on one of your Disney books one time and one time she pooped on some of your Baby Einstien cards.
J: (long pause) I don't want those cards anymore, they're for babies.
M: Honey, I threw away the ones she pooped on. But if you don't want them anymore we can give them to the new baby when it comes.
J: Yeah, babies love stuff that has been pooped on.
Friday, May 20, 2005
Too many beans in my bean soup
I made a big pot of Spicy Black Bean Soup With Sausage and cornbread for dinner tonight. It's kind of think like chili but doesn't have a chili-like taste. I thought it was really yummy. Jesse said it had too many beans in it. Joseph wouldn't even touch it. He did however eat 2 HUGE pieces of cornbread. There was actual corn in it and he still ate it. After he took the first bite he said "This bread is kind of corny!" but he liked it.
This evening I was reading this bew book I got about raising children with AS and Joseph asked me what it was about. I told him it was about kids like him who were very special. He asked what made him special and I told him it was because he was very smart and he has a good imagination and he liked lots of things to be a certain way and a whole bunch of other things. Then he told me I was special too because I was his mommy and I was his buddy and I liked to play with him and I loved him. Darn him and his ability to make me cry like that.
My baby is high
A while back I got all four wisdom teeth and an impacted molar removed. The spot where they took the molar and wisdom tooth from the bottom right side never really healed right. Once or twice it has gotten red and inflamed but it's never been a big deal. I just rinse my mouth out with salt water a couple times a day and it goes away. It's going to take surgery to fix it but I can't have that done while I'm pregnant. Anyway, it's never really been a problem.
Day before yesterday I noticed the spot was a little sore so I started with the whole rinsing routine. It didn't seem to be helping and still hurt yesterday. As the day went on the pain got worse and worse until I actually in tears. My entire jaw, the right side of my throat, my ear and even my tounge hurt. A visit to the doctor confirmed that I have got a raging infection. The wierd thing is that if you look in my mouth you can't even see that anything is wrong. My mouth doesn't look red or puffy because the infection is so deep under the surface.
Anyway, now I'm on large doses of antibiotics and some pretty heavy duty painkillers. Here's the funny thing about painkillers. You can't take most of them while you're pregnant, not even things like asprin. Narcotics (like morphine and stuff) are ok because they won't harm the baby. They do, I have found out, affect the baby though. So right now I'm getting my baby high. I've asked about 100 people if they're sure this is safe and they all say it is. I even called my regualr doctor this morning to be reassured. Now that I've been told over and over and over that it's ok I'm just going to relax and let the little guy enjoy it.
I like to picture him floating around in there listening to 70's music and burning incense. Then I like to tap on my belly and imagine that he says "Dave's not here man!". It's our little joke.
Thursday, May 19, 2005
Tape, rope and a speaker
About 5 minutes before Joseph's bus came today he started crying and saying he couldn't go to school because he hadn't done his science project. Nothing I said could convince him that he didn't have to do a project for school. He got all frantic and said "Quick! Bring me a rope and some tape and a speaker! Grandma has some tape because she is a office person and we can get some rope from Grandpa because he used it when he used to be a cowboy and he has a speaker from when he was a jail guy and he used to talk to all his other policeman. And don't look at my Scooby Doo and the Zombie book because that has all the instructions for my secret project. You can just tie the rope to the speaker but that's all. Ok, get that stuff!"
I honestly don't even know what to say to him sometimes.
Wednesday, May 18, 2005
Just like Pinnochio
This morning I put Joseph in a plain white t-shirt and put a blue and yellow football jersey over it. He looked so cute! He started to cry though and told me that everyone would laugh at hom for wearing two shirts because he looked "just like Pinnochio when he was a real boy and played baseball".
Huh. Hard to come up with an argument to that.
(Just to be clear I want to point out that none of those unkind things I said about that other family were ever said to Joseph or even in front of him. I'm just venting here. In spite of how it may sound I actually feel very bad for the little boy since the people who are raising him are total idiots and he would probably be better off being raised by howler monkeys. But I do feel sorry for him. Dang, now I'm feeling guilty over some stuff I typed and never even said out loud to anyone. I'm gonna go cry.)
Tuesday, May 17, 2005
Final night class
Despite feeling (and looking) like I had been run through a food processor last night I took Joseph to his final Monday Night Class. He was lloking forward to it because we were going to have a pizza party and it was his job to bring juice.
When we got to the class I pulled aside the main "teacher" and told her how uncomfortable I was with the woman and her sister who said such rude things about Joseph last week. She was just shocked when I told her what they had said. She actually wanted to pull them aside right then and talk to them. I said I didn't think that was needed since that was the last class but I did want to be sure that the sister (who always stays in the room with the kids) didn't pull her usual stunt of trying to act like a teacher and tell Joseph (and other kids) what to do. The teacher (who I'll call "K") agreed that was not appropriate and said she would talk to the other teachers so that they could watch out for it too.
After we had eaten out pizza Joseph got up throw away his plate and the trash can was over by the door. Miss Mac Truck sees him going by the door, barrles over there and says "Joseph, you need to stay in the room!" As I'm heading over there Joseph keeps trying to get to the trash can and she puts her hands on his shoulders and moves him over about 3 feet! Oh man, it's a good thing K got over there first because I was about to tear into the woman. It's not like she pushed him but for cripes sake lady, keep you damn, flabby hands with your gross dirty nails off my kid. K got to her first and said pretty much "Don't ever do that again, you've been told not to do that, it's not your job, there was a teacher standing right by the door watching him, he was ok, you're not supposed to be doing that and it makes the parents and staff here very uncomfotable when you do and so on and so on".
Shortly after that I saw K go into the hallway with the woman and her sister and after they came back in they kept shooting me evil looks. Then they stared at me for the rest of the night. It took every ounce of maturity I could muster not to stick my tounge out and say "ha ha!". K told me after class that the mother was very confused as to why her sister "Fatty Fatty Mc StretchPants" got such a stern talking to and if she couldn't stay in the room witht he kids then they woulnd't be coming back next year. K told them that it wold not work for her to stay in the room and if that was how she felt that was too bad but that it simply was not working out.
Ha! So next year when we go to Monday night class the amount of annoying people will have been cut down by about 15%. Of course, if I know my laws of nature they will have been replaced by someone even worse but I'm just gonna go with this good feeling for now.
Oh, before I forget. I got a neti pot last night to try to clear out my sinues and I almost drown myself using it. I am awesome. I'm going to try it again today to see if I can't finish off the job.
Monday, May 16, 2005
Boo hoo
I am such a sad sack. I hate being sick like this. I turn into a pathetic, blubbering mess. My nose is all swollen and red, it looks like a little cherry tomato right in the middle of my face.
So I'm what? 18 weeks pregnant now? Is that right? I think so. I think I've felt the baby move a few times now but it was so faint that I can't be 100% sure that's what it was. I've developed a linea nigra (a dark brown line going down my belly) in the past couple of days. I know it doesn't serve any purpose, I just think it's interesting to see all the wierd things my body is doing.
FYI- In my pregnancy and birth book it says "Many prolems at this stage are due to the progesterone-induced relaxation of the digestive system, which can cause heartbur, indigestion, gas and constipation." See, pregnancy does make you fart.
Sunday, May 15, 2005
My body is so heavy that it feels like my bones are made of lead. Every muscle hurts and my throat is so sore it hurts to swallow. It takes a huge effort to get out of bed and downstairs. I'm sick to my stomach and can't eat. My list of approved medication includes slowly sipped hot chocolate and Wild Berry Lifesavers. I'm going to lug myself to the couch now and sleep for a month.
Saturday, May 14, 2005
Food porn
I can't stop watching the Food Network these days. I turn it on whenever I have a free moment and no matter what they're cooking I just can't make myself turn it off. Did you know that some people call mashed potatoes "smashed potatoes?"
I don't feel so good today. My head is pounding, my throat is sore and swollen, my entire body aches and I don't have what I need in the house to make this new recipe for smashed potatoes that I learned from watching tv.
Thursday, May 12, 2005
Back me up here
Can someone else please back me up and say that hormones during pregnancy can cause you indigestion including gas? That it's a real thing and not just (as my mom said) "an excuse to fart"? Come on, it's a real thing!
Wednesday, May 11, 2005
Pregnancy stuff
I had a doctors appointment yesterday. Everything is going well. I have gained 2 pounds so my offical pregnancy weight change is still minus 12 pounds. I think it's actually more than that because I lost closer to 20 pounds but some of that was before my first offical weigh in with my doctor. Anyway, only 2 pounds is pretty good considering the way I've been packing it on lately. I have to keep reminding myself that I don't need to eat enough to make up for the first 3 1/2 months.
Everything else looks good. My blood pressure and urine were normal. The baby's heartbeat sounded good and (for the first time) very loud. She didn't even have to look for it, just put the device on my belly and heard it right away. I don't know if it's because the baby is bigger now or what but this is the first time she didn't have to search all over to find the heartbeat.
So what is a baby doing at 17 weeks? Glad you asked! Right now the muscles have formed that let the baby practice sucking and swallowing. It's swallowing amniotic fluid all the time and then peeing it back out. And swallowing it again. Babies are kind of gross if you think about it too much. Also, fingerprints are starting to form. It's a busy week. The baby can now be as long as 6.5 inches and weigh 5 ounces. They can also cause their mother's to have tremendous amounts of gas. Er, so I hear anyway. Not that I have a problem with it. I've never almost blasted myself off the couch with a mondo gas explosion.
Tuesday, May 10, 2005
It tastes like burning!
Last night at Joseph's parent/child class a police officer came and talked to the kids about safety. I asked Joseph what the officer told them and our conversation went like this:
Me: Why not?
J: Because they might be strangers.
M: Right, and who's house could you go into?
J: Grandma's and Beanie's and your's and The Wheeze's and Officer Nick's.
J: Not to get in stranger's cars.
M: That's a good idea.
J: Why?
M: Because there are some people who aren't very nice to kids. Only go in someone's car if Mommy or Daddy or Grandma or Grandpa say it's ok.
M: That's right, what else did you talk about?
J: Not to take candy from stangers.
M: Why not?
This conversation was much more amusing than the one I had just before it with one of the idiot parents in the class. She thought it was ok to talk about Joseph while he was standing 2 feet away and say such insightful things as "He sure is hyper ain't he?" and "He talks so much that no one else could get a word in with the police officer." (She knew this because for some reason her idiot sister who is roughly the size of a Mac truck comes to the class and stays in the room with the kids during the time when the parents go into another room to talk.) and "He's adopted right? So he ain't your real kid?" She got pretty rude responses from me but not as rude as I would have liked to have been. So here's what I would have said if I could have said whatever I wanted to: "Yes, he's my real kid and no he's not hyper. He just has a lot of energy. You know what energy is right? It's that thing you use when you waddle your fat ass out to the car to go down to the Dairy Queen for the fourth time in one day. Lots of kids are energetic. You should know that but I'm not suprised you don't since your entire family looks like the most exercise it gets is when it bends over to pick up that Cheeto that you dropped last week and just realized was still under the couch. And yes, Joseph talks a lot but I'm glad that he has a lot to say. It shows me he has a lot on his mind and a lot he wants to share with other people. I would rather have a kid who talks too much than to be raising that grunting little pig that you call a child. Oh, and before I go, do you think you could manage, for once, to wear a shirt to class that is not stained in several places. And sis, how about retiring those black stretch pants? They're starting to become a safety issue. If they get stretched any tighter the button is going to fly off and put someone's eye out."
So yeah, it's a good thing to have a little internal switch that doesn't let me let loose like that. I have to admit though that there is a part of me that knows it would have felt damn good to have said that stuff. Of course I would have felt bad later. I'm too nice.
For anyone who thinks I'm being harsh, I should point out that these people have been a thorn in my side since we moved to St Cloud. They used to live in the same apartment building as us and we would see them all the time in the hall, in the lobby, in the garage and in the parking lot. They would literally stop what they were doing and turn to stare at us. Not discreetly either! They would make it pretty clear and they did it every fricken time they saw us. Even after we moved it didn't stop. We would see them everywhere! In the store, in the car next to us on the road, if we would go out to eat and twice (twice for God's sake!) in the emergency room. And each and every time they stared at us like we were naked and had horns growing out of our head. I honestly groaned out loud the first time I saw them come into the parent/child class. We will never be free of them.
Monday, May 09, 2005
Fun Mom memories
I meant to post this yesterday in honor of Mother's Day but I got distracted by other things. Here are a couple of fun memories I have of my mom.
1- One time Mom was making chocolate chip cookies and she made a special one for me. At that time I got home from school before Ben so I was the only one to get one. It was probably twice the size of a regualr cookie by in my distorted childhood memory the thing is as big as a pizza. She told me not to tell Ben I got the big cookie and when he got home his "special cookie" was a tiny one about half the size of a regular cookie. It was awesome. I'm sure I was able to not tell Ben for about 3 seconds.
2- Once Mom told Ben and I to dress up in some "fancy" clothes from our dress-up box. She then put a bad sheet on the table to make it into a "restaurant". Then she put out lettuce and salad stuff like a salad bar so we could fix our own salad. The best part was that she made up "menus" with all the leftovers in the house written on them so that we could order whatever we wanted. This is one of my most vivid memories from childhood. I even remember the color of the sheets that were used on the table and salad bar.
3- When we were living in the trailer park Mom came home from work one night and woke Ben and I up. She had a suprise for us, plastic Pac-Man mugs! The pictures on them changed when you moved them around. As young as I must have been at the time I remember that night so clearly. We were so excited, I can picture Ben bouncing around on his bed. I think we thought those mugs were the best things ever and it was made extra-fun because we were woken up to get them.
4- On our family trip to Disney World we went to eat after a long day of theme-parking. We were all kind of slap-happy and everything seemed extra funny for some reason. We were reading triva questions that were on the table and one of them was to name all 7 of the dwarfs. My mom's strategy was to just quickly try to copy whatever anyone else said regardless of if it made sense or not. This is hard to explain but to this day I get a chuckle when I picture her trying to look serious and counting off on her fingers "Sleepy, Dopey, ok, Sneezy, Sleepy, Doc, Right" and including "Ok" and "Right" in her count.
5- During a visit to some theme park in California (I think) we rode on some cheesy ride where you went "back in time!". The ride started with this scientist yelling at you to get away from the time machine and that you were going "back in time!". We got stuck there for about 2 minutes and when the ride started up again Mom gave the animatronic scientist the finger. We all laughed for the rest of the ride.
6- This is not one specific event but it has to do with the face my mom makes when she tries to do something like cross her eyes or roll her tounge or wiggle her ears. No matter what she's trying to do she makes the exact same face! Then she says "I"m doing it! Am I doing it?" but really all she's doing is half closing her eyes and pursing up her lips. It always kills me. I love my mom.
Sunday, May 08, 2005
Happy Mother's Day!
Happy Mother's Day to my mom! Thank you for everything you've done for me. Thank you most of all for showing me by example how to be a good mother so that I could do the same with Joseph. I love you!
Saturday, May 07, 2005
*insert clever title here
Yesterday I gave Joseph a bunch of my old Beanie Babies. I made the mistake of telling him that I had more and would give them to him someday as a suprise. He has spent most to today wandering around the house, looking in drawers and crying because he can't find the rest of them. His theory seems to be that I gave them to someone else. Cripes.
According to my countdown ticker I will be pregnant for approximatly ........ the rest of my life. I have pain from my temples down to my lower back and I am in a terrible mood. Only listening to my illegaly downloaded tunes makes me feel better. Thank goodness for Hey Ya and Cry Me A River and Little Red Corvette and Shiny Happy People.
Friday, May 06, 2005
The belly, it is expanding
I can't button my pants at all now. I have to use a rubber band to hook the button to the button hole. It's time to admit that I need new pants. Sigh.
I look in the mirror every time I go to the bathroom and try to figure out if I look pregnant yet. Mostly I just think I look fat. I'm betting I gained back all that weight I lost from the morning sickness. Ugh. I feel huge.
Thursday, May 05, 2005
That's some quality first aid
Today the nurse from Joseph's school called to tell me that he had walked in fromt of another kid on the swings on the playground and gotten knocked down. She said she gave him an ice pack because he said his nose and mouth hurt but that he didn't have any marks and seemed to be ok.
When Joseph got home I asked him how school was. He said (in his cute, chirping voice) "I fell down on the playground and bumped my nose and Nurse Laura gave me a six-pack for my mouth."
Wow. Now that's some first aid we can all get behind. By the way, he's fine and you can't even see a mark on him. Behold the healing power of a six-pack!
Hide and go what?
Today Joseph was watching a show and they little characters on it were singing a song called "Hide and Go Boo!". I swear the first 12 times or so that they said it I thought they were saying "Hide and Go Poop!". I asked Joseph if that's what they were saying and he laughed so hard he fell of the couch. He clued me in but made me say "Hide and go poop" about 20 more times and now the dumb song is stuck in my head.
Oh yeah, go to my dad's site to do the new Disney poll thingy.
Wednesday, May 04, 2005
This even grosses me out!
Ok, the good news: My retina is not torn or detached. Even though my retinas are "very thin" my eyes are healthy.
The bad news: (WARNING! This is gross!) The back of my eye is coming detached from the jelly-like stuff behind it. The doctor says this happens to everyone at some point though usually not till much later in life. My eye is seperating from the jelly and the space it makes is filled in by a liquid that makes kind of a cloudy spot on my retina. The cloudy spot is what's causing the blurry spot in my vision in my right eye. The blurryness will go away after a while but for the next two months I am at an even higher risk for a tear in my retina. I have to watch for flashing lights or "floaties" or a darkness out of my right eye. I don't really have an issue with eyes but I have to admit that as the doctor was telling me about this I was getting a little sick. Something about eye-jelly doesn't sit will with me.
Between this eye thing and my strange lung collapse I'm starting to think I have some strange medical luck. I'll be the first person in recorded history to have spontaneously exploding knee caps or by diagnosed with Constant Hair On Fire Syndrome.
To sum up, the news is good but weird and gross.
Mom, this is gonna gross you out
I am totally freaking out. I have to go to the eye doctor after Joseph goes to school today because I think I might have a torn retina. My eyesight is all fuzzy out of my right eye and I keep seeing a bunch of "floaties". Yesterday for a minute I saw a bunch of flashing lights in that eye and I just wrote it off as "one of those things" but now I'm starting to get worried. I know I'm at a high risk because my eyesight is so bad and as one doctor told me, my retinas are "stetched to the limit". Ack!
I'll update later assuming I don't have to spend the next two weeks laying flat on my back not moving my eyes or whatever it is you have to do if one part of your eye becomes torn.
Monday, May 02, 2005
4 months
I am 4 months pregnant today! The baby is about 4 and 1/2 inches long and just under 3 ounces. Body and head hair have grown in and this week sweat glands will start to appear and work. The baby can now start to straighten it's neck and move it's head and it's arms and legs move all the time. The baby can also hear and respond to sound now. I told Joseph this and he spent a good portion of this morning yelling songs at my tummy.
We have no waffles
I don't know if it's the weather or a growth spurt or what but Joseph has been driving me a little bit crazy lately. He's cranky and clingy and asks me a million questions without bothering to listen to the answers. Here's a transcript of an actual conversation we had the other day:
Joseph: I'm hungry.
Me: Ok, let's go to the kitchen and find a snack.
J: I want waffles.
M: You ate your last waffle yesterday, we have to find something else to eat.
J: No, I mean I want a SpongeBob waffle.
M: I know honey but you ate the last one yesterday. You can have grapes or yogurt or applesauce or peanut butter toast.......
J: Ok, I'll just have a SpongeBob waffle.
M: We don't have any more waffles Joseph, you need to pick something else.
J: Ok, a Patrick waffle.
M: We don't have any of those either.
J: Ok, then how about a Squidward waffle?
M: Joseph, the waffle box is empty. All the waffles were gone. All the Spongebob waffles, all the Patrick waffles, all the Sandy waffles, all the Squidward waffles, all of them are gone. We have no waffles left. None. Pick something else for a snack or I will pick something for you.
J: ok, ok, how about just a Spongebob waffle?
M: Joseph! We have no waffles! None! (At this point I pulled the empty box out of the trash and shook it upside down.)
J: Wel, who ate all my wafles?
M: You did!
J: Ok, then I'll have one more today and none yesterday.
M: Mommy needs to go check the mail now. (Then I run around outside the house and scream and pull my hair out. Ok, minor exaggeration, but only on my response, the rest is real.) | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '37', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.98866069316864}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '167770', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YJX3QWJBG44TKR3XWABQ3BBY4Q6CPLUH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:62405f4b-008d-4c62-a5b5-933a568d656e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 13, 3, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.10', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7SI6U5NQJSDHTY5DPPCRGKAT2NLY4JXW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:62cb128d-9b9f-4686-b49d-f95a3c9f1f1b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://newbabynews.blogspot.com/2005_05_01_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3a505298-3148-4370-925d-d5f980f609b8>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '6553', 'url': 'http://newbabynews.blogspot.com/2005_05_01_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04060006141662598', 'original_id': '42c15d0314d80b022431a72aa05955b0a0f615c85a124baa2d968324530c2b55'} |
Welcome! You are browsing as a guest
Rata and Ribbonwood Beanie
June 2013
Lace / 2 ply ?
30 stitches and 52 rows = 4 inches in garter stitch
US 2 - 2.75 mm
80 yards (73 m)
one size
A delicate, lace cap designed by Margaret Stove, who was commissioned to spin and knit a lace shawl for Prince William at his birth in 1982.
Finished size is 10.5” circumference and 4.5” tall. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '11', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9485673904418944}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '18763', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MY6UQYZNA2ZKCYSVE24SQHBXZJRWS4LI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:64056da8-3bf9-4a52-b6ca-f89f36f4608a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 20, 15, 30, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '38.111.37.100', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3KH4BCN3CIPVPP3SFEXPY73OETZFYFZH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9a7728a5-a0a4-4eb4-81dd-b1ee7552baf5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.ravelry.com/patterns/library/rata-and-ribbonwood-beanie', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:01531eef-bf59-4747-844b-6014bc075c2f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '91', 'url': 'http://www.ravelry.com/patterns/library/rata-and-ribbonwood-beanie', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15987133979797363', 'original_id': '90de275d638caffb2becdb8a62404fac33d4d1e1f50d777f787d16ca478f1a1e'} |
The magic formula
The magic formula
I have a formula I want to share with you. It is easy to understand and very logic. The result of a love or money spell is based on some key factors. I wont rule out that there is a thing called luck or coincidence that can make a small (I mean small difference). I will focus on the big things and this is the formula: Magic Spell + Believe + being positive + staying strong = Success!
Let's pretend these 4 keys factors of a great result, has each a procetage of the success.
Magic spell 50%
Believing 25%
Positive 15%
Staying strong 10%
I know, being positive and staying strong is almost the same thing, but with the small difference that staying strong is the part that you say you will fight for the love spell to work even though you feel negative.
So what will happen when you stop believing? Well its a simple math. Suddenly there is only a 75% chance that the love spell will work. Same if you stop being positive.
If you feel that you are not going to be able to stay strong, positive and believe, then you MUST ask the spell caster for some extra assistance. Might be some extra cost but in the long run, it's worth it big time!
Another tip: You may want to ask for a cleanse spell or karma spell before going in deep to a love spell or a money spell. Why? Because it will make you feel stronger, confident and cleaned from any negative energies around. With a karma spell you will "erase" any bad karma from previous lives. And your love spell will work for sure.
Another way is to get blessed online or offline, before casting the spell!
If you have any question please contact me, I am here to help you! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.932651162147522}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '5031', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:66SSFFZVUPVEXDIRTZMHP5EANVS3T63E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1cef61c1-f396-4831-9828-5cf8f8c614a9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 5, 47, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.73.181.7', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6LZ3BF76IFCTZFKUO662B6UJITOKT67P', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4c939c14-7973-4e47-b5f1-db6e2fcac60c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://mystic-counselor.com/magicformula.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a56042e6-e6e0-40cb-bb8c-2ead950c5f80>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '310', 'url': 'http://mystic-counselor.com/magicformula.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17728430032730103', 'original_id': '7f2cb0545b7ce913b0150c45a529b8f93b0d9afccf523bf659966b427becdcba'} |
Over the course of his career, Reynaldo “Rey” has accumulated a wealth of professional experience in Architecture. He brings a unique balance to every project, being involved through all phases of design, contract documentation, and construction administration. In his career, he has been responsible for award winning design projects, as well as projects that require pragmatic and cost conscious goals. Reynaldo has led the design on a variety of very complex projects and possesses experience in all phases of project development. A well balanced combination of rational and intuitive design sense has always characterized Reynaldo’s work in a modern world where economy and elegance must co-exist.
Reynaldo’s career has been shaped by the following personal philosophy and creative approach: “Architecture is created for a purpose by individuals with intellect to inspire great passion. Void of passion, architecture is relegated to shelter. Creative passion as it pertains to ‘form and function’ derives beautiful and functional works of architecture.”
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9710837006568908}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20130', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E2NDPQJJBHVYHTHJKX7JARYP4D3KCD3W', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:485d8d34-3dbc-4a98-ba48-e385f86d69c5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 5, 45, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '66.254.66.55', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VL3TTIA3HLU6VGF6NXKB3RG7J7U4BBXE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1867f8d7-de23-4fa5-8d50-e53062a3d4b6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://threearch.com/leadership/rey-herreros/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b87feb5-6006-40fd-a304-ff6a34c0e1f6>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '171', 'url': 'http://threearch.com/leadership/rey-herreros/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-142-166-51.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04484224319458008', 'original_id': '27ac963d2099654b9a0416873885f4b3e6a1d6d435a32a40e4bd4e9ad04e5114'} |
Typical Phyllis Schlafly
I generally try to ignore most of what Phyllis Schlafly says or writes because it is so absurdly illogical, biased, and condescending that it defies any attempt to understand what point she is trying to make. But everyone once in a while she writes something that you just have to stare at in disbelief, such as her latest column innocently wondering if Barack Obama will name William Ayers as his Secretary of Education:
Will William Ayers be secretary of education in a Barack Obama administration? All parents should ponder that possibility before making their choice for president on Nov. 4.
After all, Ayers is a friend of Obama, and professor Ayers's expertise is training teachers and developing public school curriculum. That's been his mission since he gave up planting bombs in government buildings (including the U.S. Capitol and the Pentagon) and assaulting police officers.
Is an appointment to the U.S. Department of Education his next career advancement? Is Ayers's transformative public school curriculum the kind of "change" Obama will bring us?
Just last week, Schlafly was crowing that she and her anti-ERA allies "invented the pro-family movement" .. and that pretty much tells you all you need to know about the "pro-family movement."
Filed Under | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.969492495059967}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '38431', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MJHWBSRAYUAYT7SZ4HCYDXGDTB4YQTQJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e0a4dddc-22f2-40c0-8191-a433a3993e71>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 22, 57, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.175.12.114', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:B62K63V5CFBRCJFPUVYBJ6NECZNTVTLG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b3922fc7-6c99-4849-aaa5-6a0f37c08365>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/typical-phyllis-schlafly', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d18a70c2-fe63-4835-9b63-a25e4fa8d2f9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '202', 'url': 'http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/typical-phyllis-schlafly', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026948988437652588', 'original_id': '60fa0c94b555c08176ee048be042273dbfb1bf361948a6ff16d3fbeab5f3a18b'} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction, chronic inflammation, mucous production, and airway hyperreactivity. Asthma is a common and clinically heterogeneous disorder and poses huge costs to society \[[@CR1]\]. The risk for asthma is determined in infancy and childhood, it is highly heritable, and the phenotypes are conferred by both genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures \[[@CR2], [@CR3]\]. Asthma exacerbations are triggered by environmental stimuli, most often respiratory viruses and allergens. Allergic sensitization commonly occurs in children with asthma, although up to half of those with mild to moderate disease will be non-allergic \[[@CR4]\] and will respond poorly to current therapies which focus primarily on the inflammatory and allergic components of the disorder \[[@CR5]\]. The variation in phenotypes suggests distinct underlying pathophysiology, and asthma is increasingly being viewed as a syndrome rather than a single disease \[[@CR3]\].
For most asthma types, a genetic predisposition is present and essential for the "asthmatic reaction" to environmental stimuli. Over 100 genes have been identified in association with asthma \[[@CR2]\]; among them, the orosomucoid-like 3 gene (ORMDL3) and the associated 17q21 locus have emerged through genome-wide association studies as likely contributors to the genetic susceptibility and underlying pathogenesis of asthma. While the functions of ORMDL3 are incompletely understood, it is known to be involved in sphingolipid metabolism and de novo sphingolipid synthesis \[[@CR6]\], suggesting altered sphingolipid metabolism as a contributing factor in asthma. Ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been the most extensively studied sphingolipids and are important bioactive signaling molecules \[[@CR6], [@CR7]\]. In addition to their role in asthma, sphingolipids have been associated with other pulmonary disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/emphysema, cystic fibrosis, vascular permeability, and acute lung injury \[[@CR8]\].
Review {#Sec2}
======
Sphingolipids and asthma {#Sec3}
------------------------
Sphingolipids are a diverse and complex category of lipids due to their numerous variations in their sphingoid bases, fatty acids, and head groups \[[@CR6], [@CR7], [@CR9]\]. They are key structural elements in cellular membranes and are essential signaling molecules for a wide range of cellular functions including growth and differentiation, signal transduction, immune response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis \[[@CR7]\]. Acylation of the sphingoid backbone by specific ceramide synthases yields different ceramides, which vary by acyl chain length. Ceramide serves as a substrate for the production of complex sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids. Ceramide can be generated via de novo sphingolipid synthesis or can be regenerated from hydrolysis of complex sphingolipids through the recycling pathways \[[@CR7], [@CR9], [@CR10]\] (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 1Sphingolipid synthesis. *Highlighted* are de novo and recycling pathways of sphingolipid metabolism and the alleged inhibitory effect of ORMDL3 on SPT
Most studies of sphingolipids and asthma have focused on inflammatory and allergic mechanisms related to the sphingolipid mediator S1P \[[@CR11]--[@CR19]\]. S1P is derived from sphingosine through phosphorylation by two sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2) which are widely expressed, including in bronchial epithelium and airway smooth muscle cells \[[@CR20]\]. Through the activation of different signaling pathways, S1P mediates a diverse set of biological processes, acting as both an intracellular second messenger and as an extracellular ligand for specific cell surface G protein-coupled receptors, S1P~1~--S1P~5~ \[[@CR21]\]. S1P and SphK have been implicated in airway smooth muscle cell hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, and mast cell activation, all key features in the pathogenesis of asthma. S1P and the SphK pathways have therefore been targeted for the development of sphingolipid-based therapeutic agents, though the role of S1P and its receptors remains incompletely understood. For example, the immunomodulating agent FTY720 (Fingolimod), approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, attenuates allergen-induced inflammation, as well as airway hyperreactivity in mouse models of asthma \[[@CR12], [@CR22]\]. This effect was also shown with *N*,*N*-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), an SphK inhibitor \[[@CR15], [@CR20]\]. Neither of these has been tested for clinical use in asthma yet.
In the mouse, exogenous systemic administration of S1P resulted in increased contraction of the bronchi, increased airway resistance, as well as mast cell and eosinophil recruitment to the lung \[[@CR18]\], and enhanced methacholine-induced contractions in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle \[[@CR23]\]. S1P has also been shown to be important in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell migration and degranulation \[[@CR24]\], allergic asthma, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines \[[@CR25]\]. Mast cells play a central role in the development of asthma, and cross-linking of FCεR~1~, the high-affinity IgE receptor, induces SphK activation and S1P secretion \[[@CR24], [@CR26]\].
In humans, S1P levels are significantly increased in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from subjects with asthma following segmental allergen challenge compared to control subjects \[[@CR11]\]. Decreased protein levels for S1P~1~ receptor have been demonstrated in adults with asthma, and polymorphisms in S1P~1~ have been associated with an increased risk for asthma \[[@CR19]\]. In addition, ceramide (C16) levels were noted to be increased in the exhaled breath collection of seriously ill subjects with asthma, compared to healthy controls \[[@CR22]\].
Ceramides have also recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and emphysema. Although not relevant for the pediatric population, Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), a poorly identified but increasingly recognized entity, could provide some further clues for the role of sphingolipids in airway diseases. In a joint statement, ACOS has recently been recognized by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA [www.ginasthma.org](http://www.ginasthma.org)) and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD [www.goldcopd.org](http://www.goldcopd.org)) as a distinct clinical entity, encompassing individuals who have clinical symptoms that are characteristic of both asthma and COPD \[[@CR27]\]. Like asthma, COPD is characterized by obstruction due to smooth muscle contraction, increased mucus production, and chronic inflammation \[[@CR27], [@CR28]\]. Also like asthma, COPD is a heterogeneous disorder with variable clinical phenotypes which is impacted by environmental factors \[[@CR27], [@CR28]\]. Cigarette smoke exposure is a major risk factor in developing this disease; however, most smokers do not develop COPD \[[@CR28]\] suggestive of an underlying susceptibility to this environmental insult in those patients. Altered sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolism has been suggested as a possible mechanism in this susceptibility \[[@CR29]\].
Lung ceramide levels where shown to be higher in human subjects with emphysema (a specific phenotype of COPD) compared to those without \[[@CR30]\], and the expression of multiple species of ceramides, dihydroceramides, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins were shown to be significantly higher in smokers with COPD than those in non-smokers \[[@CR29]\]. In another recent study looking at the association between sphingolipid species and different COPD phenotypes, plasma sphingolipids were shown to be inversely related to emphysema severity and positively associated with severe COPD exacerbations \[[@CR31]\].
ORMDL3 and asthma {#Sec4}
-----------------
ORMDL3 on chromosome 17 (17q21) has been strongly and consistently linked to asthma in multiple ethnic groups \[[@CR32]--[@CR41]\]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 17q21 asthma susceptibility locus achieved genome-wide level significance with childhood-onset asthma \[[@CR42]\] and have been since widely replicated. Moffat et al. showed that in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, transcript levels of ORMDL3 were positively associated with rs7216389, the SNP with the strongest association with childhood asthma \[[@CR38]\]. This suggested that variants at this asthma susceptibility locus may regulate ORMDL3 expression, having also been confirmed in rhinovirus-infected blood cells \[[@CR43]\].
Polymorphisms at the ORMDL3 locus have been associated with increased risk for asthma \[[@CR34], [@CR44]--[@CR46]\], severe asthma \[[@CR32], [@CR47]\], and early viral respiratory infections in asthma \[[@CR40]\]. Infection with respiratory viruses is a well-known risk factor for persistent wheezing and a risk factor for asthma later in life \[[@CR40], [@CR43]\]. Variants at the 17q21 locus are shown to enhance the association between early respiratory infections and childhood asthma \[[@CR37], [@CR40], [@CR43]\]. In particular, infections with human rhinovirus (HRV), the most common trigger of asthma exacerbations \[[@CR48], [@CR49]\], are associated with a more than 10-fold increased odds ratio for childhood asthma in children who carry the asthma-associated ORMDL3 genotype \[[@CR43]\]. Interestingly, this effect was not seen in association with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a commonly associated virus with early-onset wheezing and bronchiolitis in infants and children \[[@CR43]\]. Although infection with HRV is associated with increased risk for the development of asthma \[[@CR40], [@CR43], [@CR50]\], only a portion of children exposed go on to develop the disease suggesting that the host genotype likely plays a role \[[@CR43]\]. In another study, Smit et al. showed that the association between early viral infection and asthma had a greater than twofold difference in odds ratio in individuals who were homozygous for the risk-related alleles at the ORMDL3-associated SNPs \[[@CR40]\]. This association was further enhanced when children with risk-related variants were exposed to tobacco smoke in early life \[[@CR34], [@CR40]\].
In mouse lungs, ORMDL3 expression can be increased by a variety of stimuli, such as allergens, tobacco smoke, and lipopolysaccharides \[[@CR51]\]. Although the 17q21 polymorphisms which control ORMDL3 expression have not been associated with atopy \[[@CR42], [@CR45], [@CR52]\], some seem related to T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine responses \[[@CR53]\] and asthmatic responses to allergens \[[@CR54]\]. Overexpression of human ORMDL3 in transgenic mice showed an associated increase in airway remodeling (smooth muscle, fibrosis, mucous production) and an enhanced IgE response compared to wild-type mice following allergen challenge \[[@CR55]\].
Though the underlying mechanisms functionally linking ORMDL3 to asthma remain largely unknown, a growing body of evidence supports ORMDL3 as contributing to the etiology of asthma, where it likely participates in multiple pathways important to its underlying pathogenesis. In mice, ORMDL3 was shown to be an allergen and Th2 cytokine-inducible gene which regulates the expression of chemokines, metalloproteinases, and oligoadenylate synthetases through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). This led to epithelial cell remodeling through its effect on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) \[[@CR51], [@CR55]\]. In contrast, a study in human airway epithelial cells did not find inflammation or UPR activation to be associated with ORMDL3 expression \[[@CR56]\]. ORMDL3 has also been implicated in endoplasmic reticulum-mediated calcium signaling and stress responses in immune cells \[[@CR57]\], as well as in eosinophil trafficking, recruitment, and degranulation in murine models of allergic asthma \[[@CR58]\].
ORMDL3, asthma, and sphingolipid metabolism {#Sec5}
-------------------------------------------
Another potential mechanism linking ORMDL3 to asthma is through alterations in sphingolipid homeostasis and de novo sphingolipid synthesis. The de novo pathway of sphingolipid synthesis which originates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key mechanism for regulating cellular levels of ceramide and other sphingolipids \[[@CR7]\]. ORMDL proteins act as inhibitors of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo sphingolipid synthesis \[[@CR59]--[@CR61]\], and regulate cellular ceramide levels \[[@CR22], [@CR61], [@CR62]\]. ORMDL3 is localized to the ER and is highly expressed in airway epithelial cells \[[@CR51]\]. The first step in de novo sphingolipid synthesis begins with the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA by SPT. The reaction product, 3-ketosphinganine, is unstable and is rapidly converted to sphinganine. Sphinganine is further metabolized by distinct ceramide synthases to dihydroceramides which can then generate ceramides via dihydroceramide desaturase \[[@CR10]\]. ORMDLs have been shown to mediate the regulation of sphingolipid homeostasis in response to overall cellular sphingolipid levels and maintain physiologic sphingolipid concentrations in the face of external perturbations \[[@CR6], [@CR59], [@CR61]--[@CR63]\].
Alteration in de novo sphingolipid synthesis has emerged as a contributing factor in airway hyperreactivity, a cardinal feature of all asthma types. Given that the asthma-associated ORMDL3 polymorphisms lead to increased expression of ORMDL3 \[[@CR38]\], it has been suggested that asthma-associated SNPs negatively regulate SPT resulting in inhibited de novo sphingolipid synthesis \[[@CR64]\]. How ORMDL3 regulates SPT activity remains largely unknown; however, ORMDL has been shown to form stable complexes with SPT \[[@CR59], [@CR61]\], and ORMDL3 expression is dependent on and responsive to the overall SPT activity of the cell \[[@CR62], [@CR65]\].
The regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is complex, incompletely understood, and involves a network of multiple interconnected mechanisms \[[@CR6], [@CR61]\]. Knockdown of ORMDL1, 2, and 3 in mammalian cells has been shown to increase ceramides \[[@CR22], [@CR59], [@CR61]\]; however, the overexpression of ORMDL3 appears to have a differential response. In airway epithelial cell lines, a modest overexpression of ORMDL3 decreases ceramide levels likely due to inhibition of SPT-dependent de novo synthesis. However, robust overexpression of ORMDL3 resulted in overall increased ceramide levels \[[@CR22], [@CR62]\] suggesting a possible contribution of the recycling/salvage sphingolipid synthesis pathways \[[@CR22]\] and indicating that relative cellular concentrations of SPT and ORMDL are important in the regulation of de novo sphingolipid synthesis by ORMDL expression \[[@CR62]\].
In mouse models, airway hyperreactivity has been associated with alterations in de novo sphingolipid synthesis through effects on ORMDL and SPT. In a transgenic mouse model, overexpression of human ORMDL3 showed increased airway responsiveness to methacholine challenge compared to wild-type mice \[[@CR55]\]. Decreased de novo sphingolipid synthesis either by direct pharmacologic inhibition with myriocin or genetic haploinsufficiency of SPT increases airway reactivity in the absence of allergic sensitization or inflammation \[[@CR64]\]. Increased hyperreactivity was also noted in isolated human bronchial rings which underwent SPT inhibition by myriocin \[[@CR64]\]. In an allergic mouse model, inhibition of SPT with myriocin was also associated with the exacerbation of airway hyperreactivity, in recent work by Edukulla and Lindsley \[[@CR66]\]. Although the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is clearly complex, these findings suggest altered sphingolipid homeostasis as an important contributor for asthma pathogenesis \[[@CR67]\] and remains an active area of ongoing research.
Conclusions {#Sec6}
===========
Sphingolipids, long known as important structural components of the cell, have emerged as important cell signaling molecules regulating a wide range of cellular functions, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, vascular and epithelial integrity, cell contact and adhesion, innate and acquired immunity, and inflammation \[[@CR6], [@CR7], [@CR68], [@CR69]\]. The role of sphingolipids and their effects on airway function and disease are highly integrated and complex; though in its early stages, our understanding of these roles is rapidly expanding. The sphingolipid metabolites S1P and ceramides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, including asthma. In addition, alterations in de novo sphingolipid metabolism have been shown to lead to airway hyperreactivity, the cardinal feature of asthma, without allergic sensitization or inflammation. Sphingolipid synthesis thus represents a novel metabolic pathway influencing airway smooth muscle contractility, and strategies to affect sphingolipid homeostasis and metabolism hold promise as novel and more personalized approaches to treat childhood asthma in the future.
COPD
: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
HRV
: human rhinovirus
IgE
: immunoglobulin E
ORMDL3
: orosomucoid-like 3 gene
S1P
: sphingosine-1-phosphate
SNP
: single nucleotide polymorphism
SPT
: serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase
Th2
: T helper cell type 2
**Competing interests**
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
**Authors' contributions**
JGO, TSW, and SW wrote the manuscript and reviewed the literature. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank B. Sung, B.I. Kim, XC-Jiang, and M. Perzanowski for the assistance and critical input with the underlying research studies and Christine and Pasco Alfaro for their generous support. J. Ono is supported by grant KL2TR000458 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3c9e0523265e5957cd476fa0100726c3468a847bb1acf4430fdcc0b0263a8bc4'} |
package farm;
import java.util.Random;
import ra.SentenceGoalie;
import productObjective.PannonianMatter;
import warehouse.*;
import disk.*;
public abstract class Director {
static String boundary = "WvoCB8Im5h3QzVx";
protected static final java.util.Random stochasticProduction = new java.util.Random();
private static int commodityDispel = 0;
protected farm.ProduceGovernmental law = null;
private double producingSignify = 0.0;
private double processingOrbit = 0.0;
protected double trueProducingMeter = 0.0;
protected double definitiveBannedYears = 0.0;
protected double specificBrutalizedNow = 0.0;
protected productObjective.PannonianMatter circulatingSubject = null;
protected warehouse.Shelving laterDisk = null, pastDepot = null;
private int channelPicture = commodityDispel++;
protected synchronized void predefine(
double ignoble, double array, warehouse.Shelving third, warehouse.Shelving original) {
double johannesBeam = 0.8385983374658663;
this.producingSignify = ignoble;
this.processingOrbit = array;
this.laterDisk = third;
this.pastDepot = original;
this.trueProducingMeter = 0;
this.specificBrutalizedNow = 0;
this.definitiveBannedYears = 0;
}
public synchronized void procedureFutureObjective() {
double indentured = 0.11060483846257352;
if (this.circulatingSubject != null) {
try {
this.strikeUnderwayOpposeEmapWarehouse();
} catch (warehouse.StoreAmpleExcepted ye) {
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.preventing;
this.definitiveBannedYears -= ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing();
return;
}
}
try {
this.awardedNewMatter();
} catch (warehouse.MemoryLifelessExcept samad) {
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.ravenous;
this.specificBrutalizedNow -= ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing();
return;
}
double vig = producingSignify + processingOrbit * (stochasticProduction.nextDouble() - 0.5);
this.trueProducingMeter += vig;
disk.ForumFile.existingJunk()
.injectingSpectacle(
new disk.ManufacturerCase(
ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing() + vig, ManufacturerCase.LeaveCompleteAim, this));
}
protected abstract void awardedNewMatter() throws MemoryLifelessExcept;
protected abstract void strikeUnderwayOpposeEmapWarehouse() throws StoreAmpleExcepted;
public synchronized void unlocking() {
double gens = 0.9295567843920046;
try {
this.strikeUnderwayOpposeEmapWarehouse();
this.definitiveBannedYears += ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing();
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.strive;
disk.ForumFile.existingJunk()
.injectingSpectacle(
new disk.ManufacturerCase(
ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing(), ManufacturerCase.TailResume, this));
} catch (warehouse.StoreAmpleExcepted einsteinium) {
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.preventing;
return;
}
}
public synchronized void unstarve() {
int briEquipment = 336298121;
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.strive;
this.specificBrutalizedNow += ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing();
disk.ForumFile.existingJunk()
.injectingSpectacle(
new disk.ManufacturerCase(
ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing(), ManufacturerCase.TailResume, this));
}
public synchronized farm.ProduceGovernmental streamSate() {
double nickSpan = 0.5296697845799768;
return this.law;
}
public synchronized String toString() {
String trussed = "Qo9f";
return "Producer" + channelPicture;
}
public synchronized java.lang.String statistically() {
double maximizeWide = 0.04128890200408275;
if (law == ProduceGovernmental.ravenous) {
this.specificBrutalizedNow += ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing();
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.bedding;
} else if (this.law == ProduceGovernmental.preventing) {
this.definitiveBannedYears += ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing();
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.bedding;
} else {
this.law = ProduceGovernmental.bedding;
}
return java.lang.String.format(
"| %-14s | %-12.10s | %-8.8s | %-8.8s |",
this,
this.trueProducingMeter / ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing() * 100.0,
this.specificBrutalizedNow / ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing() * 100.0,
this.definitiveBannedYears / ra.SentenceGoalie.thisThing() * 100.0);
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/hjc851/Dataset2-HowToDetectAdvancedSourceCodePlagiarism/blob/master/Variant Programs/1-4/10/farm/Director.java', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'Dataset2-HowToDetectAdvancedSourceCodePlagiarism', 'creator': 'hjc851', 'language': 'Java', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '359', 'token_count': '1377', '__index_level_0__': '43852', 'original_id': '02d909d5f3aeaf701007c9c960eb77d5a761c33ff8af8666ac74eb7850a82400'} |
by Yilun Zhang, CTO of
What is Pub/Sub
One basic function of NKN client (e.g. is to provide a decentralized message system, which includes unicast, multicast and anycast. That’s pretty much enough if the message sender knows who are the receivers. However, in lots of common scenarios, the receiver should be logically decoupled from the sender. For example, when I send a message to a chatroom, I don’t want to know exactly who is in the chatroom, I just want whoever in the chatroom to receive my message. That’s where pub/sub comes into place.
Basically, pub/sub (short for publish/subscribe) is a model that decouples message sender (publisher) and receiver (subscribers). Publishers publish message to topic (we only consider topic based pub/sub here) without having to know who subscribe to the topic and will receive the message. Subscribers subscribe to topics and will receive messages sent to subscribed topics. Pub/sub is a basic building block for modern applications, and has been widely used from infrastructure level (e.g. load balancing) to application level (e.g. chat room/messenger).
The following diagram from Google Cloud ( shows the relationship between publisher, subscriber and topic.
Challenges of Decentralized Pub/Sub
Cloud providers like Google Cloud, AWS provide cloud based pub/sub, but their centralized nature makes them hard (if not impossible) to be used in decentralized applications.
On the other hand, building decentralized pub/sub is also challenging, as most existing decentralized systems (e.g. Ethereum) are not well suited for real time messages — if sending a single message would cost over a cent in USD and almost a minute to deliver, not to mention the scalability issue, how could you expect it to be practically useful?
To be more general, there are a few challenges in building decentralized pub/sub based on existing decentralized system (most likely blockchain based):
• Message needs to be delivered in real time
• Message delivery needs to be affordable
• Message throughput needs to be horizontal scalable
If you come from a non-blockchain background, you are probably laughing at how trivial the above “challenges” are. Well the reality is, if we rely on on-chain transaction to transmit information, it’s still very hard to solve the above problems.
One solution to these problems is to use off-chain message delivery. That’s why we believe NKN is perfect for being the infrastructure of a decentralized pub/sub system: message delivery in NKN is instant (millisecond level end to end latency), free, and horizontal scalable (more nodes → higher throughput) because it’s purely off-chain.
Building Decentralized Pub/Sub
To build a pub/sub system, we need to solve two basic problems: how to store and retrieve topic-subscriber info, and how to deliver messages. While NKN naturally solves the second one, we still need to decide where the subscriber information is stored.
After quite a lot of discussion, we decide to store the topic-subscriber information on-chain. As the result, subscribe needs to be done in a transaction, which will be reliable but not horizontal scalable. Luckily, subscribe should be a much less frequent action compared to publish (which will be off-chain and horizontal scalable), so it shouldn’t be the bottleneck.
After some work and tests, we are now happy to say that our pub/sub is working quite nicely. Because publishing is mainly sending off-chain messages, it is integrated into NKN client (e.g. Subscribing, on the other hand, is integrated into NKN wallet (e.g. as it needs to sign and send transactions. Both are integrated into NKN SDK (e.g. which has both NKN client and NKN wallet.
Using Pub/Sub
Details of how to use pub/sub can be found in the documentation of various NKN client/wallet/SDK implementations. The API is quite straightforward in general. For example, in the JavaScript implementation, subscribing to a topic is as simple as
wallet.subscribe(topic, bucket, duration)
The reason that we have bucket concept is to avoid (accidental) message flooding in the case of massive subscribers, and can be hidden by higher level APIs like SubscribeToFirstAvailableBucket. Similarly, publishing to a topic is as simple as
client.publish(topic, bucket, message)
and bucket count of a topic can be get by APIs like GetTopicBucketsCount. Clients subscribed to the topic can listen for messages with
client.on(‘message’, (src, payload, payloadType) => {
Use Cases and Summary
Pub/sub has been widely used in many systems and applications. In additional to the existing use cases, I’d like to dive into a new class that is more suitable and unique to decentralized applications.
Most centralized applications are not open sourced, and protocol is often bound with the application only. Decentralized applications, on the other hand, are most likely open sourced, and protocol is decoupled from the implementation to allow cross implementation communication. This greatly reduces the friction to design and implement cross application protocols. If multiple applications want to share the same information flow, a decentralized, application neutral and language neutral pub/sub platform would be essential.
Here are some examples:
• Different service providers want to share the same service discovery mechanism
• Multiple applications want to share the same rating system
• Applications would like to pass data to downstreaming applications sharing the protocol
Our decentralized pub/sub could be used to achieve these goals. To be more general, this represents one of the most interesting properties (in my opinion) of decentralized applications — the separation of application, protocol, and data. NKN’s technology is uniquely positioned and purposely built to capitalize upon this opportunity. We will soon release something built on our decentralized pub/sub framework, so please stay tuned!
About NKN
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '55', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9063908457756042}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '149131', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QONCY5MB7PHPFSWCH4YM6GPZHT7WSRN4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3194e889-094f-429c-bb5d-da96eb0ea07b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 9, 5, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '99.86.229.45', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:J6D6XRGKQQC5OQRP2CL7XPJDXPTVU3GZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:284cb22e-9d30-41ac-bd04-6f4344fdbebc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://nkn.org/community/blog/introducing-decentralized-pub-sub-based-on-nkn/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:52ba4ef1-dcf7-4abc-b17d-61d34902dbf2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '948', 'url': 'https://nkn.org/community/blog/introducing-decentralized-pub-sub-based-on-nkn/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-8\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03335416316986084', 'original_id': 'bccf7e0d6b2cd25a32f8d9888663631b3767170e9b7226c1e25372fee3ce520b'} |
Dismiss Notice
Join Physics Forums Today!
Prof sees light at end of death's tunnel
1. Feb 25, 2004 #1
Ivan Seeking
User Avatar
Staff Emeritus
Science Advisor
Gold Member
2. jcsd
3. Feb 25, 2004 #2
*shakes head*
I think it is time for that south park eps....
"To my great surprise, what he does in the lab under controlled conditions is what he does on TV," Schwartz said.
... and he must think john Edward's doesn't cold read. [zz)]
4. Feb 25, 2004 #3
given that psychics really exist:
these afterlife communicators could be very powerful psychics that simply read the persons mind and says some crap based on the reading.
i believe in mind reading because of one guy: david blaine.
5. Feb 25, 2004 #4
Well you invoked that I can use biblical info, so here goes.
It is written that when we die our all our processes stop, including thought and desire. What is called “resurrection” is when we are brought back to life. Kind of like we are cloned physically and then all our thoughts, feelings, emotions, moral codes, memories and so on are reprogrammed into our various organs. We wake up with the last thought we had when we stopped living.
Can this contact with the dead be faked? Yes, and yes the bible talks of that also.
That was an interesting read as an “infomercial” I would say. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.95424884557724}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '50770', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:O5HG2E2MWOWBVPXQHIHRN7T3AQBLU2GU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:95e12cd2-36fe-4671-8189-9c77d3b1e735>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 8, 18, 22, 0, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.111.143.85', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WRC4RYRVZZVINR5AJYKR63CIWNZFVYSD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:50cc806e-e084-4515-afe8-9216658db04e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/prof-sees-light-at-end-of-deaths-tunnel.15132/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9ba6b7b7-4c4c-4943-b82a-be9d222da8f5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '256', 'url': 'https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/prof-sees-light-at-end-of-deaths-tunnel.15132/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-178-226-67.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02509361505508423', 'original_id': '25f88d3115f39ceaba4fb080a713f4355020a96a56de6344d5df46552d24a4c0'} |
Metaverse Communities FAQ
1. Who can apply to participate?
Communities that are currently leveraging or seeking to leverage the augmented and immersive capacity of the metaverse to foster greater connections with their network of members. Eligible communities include individuals, small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs), startups, social impact organizations, civil society organizations (NGOs, foundations), groups of individuals who routinely engage via online platforms, collaborative and knowledge exchange groups, online content and experience creators, associations, affiliations, among others.
2. Who is eligible to participate?
Communities legally registered and /or operating in at least one of the following countries:
Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay.
3. Can I include attachments to support my applications?
Optional: Applicants may share a URL to any audiovisual material of maximum 2 minutes relevant to the proposal.
4. In which language can I submit my application?
This Challenge accepts submissions in Spanish, English and Portuguese.
5. Will I receive feedback on the content of my proposal after selected applications are selected?
IDB and Meta do not provide individual feedback or comments on applications
6. Can I appeal a selection decision?
No, all selection decisions are final and not subject of appealing – including the invitation to complete the second applications-.
8. Where can I have more information on how to prepare my application and access to the recording of the informational session that took place on November 4?
Click here to access the recording of the information session that was held on November 4, 2022. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9006673097610474}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31755', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4WLHX4IDSIPYYMGNWKCI7EAYIUZ77QZI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:73c0a055-275e-49df-95bf-d6a076b4543e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 12, 4, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.194.133', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LP27NX5HJIGJAGCCBYQKQB2ESUWI7OH4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:eed6090a-bd5c-46e7-8dc5-669b62d76494>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://convocatorias.iadb.org/en/bid-lab/metaverse-communities-faq', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c263d320-fc8b-4597-9c51-d8576946c861>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '268', 'url': 'https://convocatorias.iadb.org/en/bid-lab/metaverse-communities-faq', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-16\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.041599392890930176', 'original_id': 'abfb6a88ec988614e2d26b6c0537bfb4544444b512ed27bb0455902423881579'} |
clock menu more-arrow no yes
Filed under:
Inter v Cesena: Let's Do the Time Warp Again
New, comments
inter v cesena
Inter was supposed to play Cesena back in December, but, thanks to the World Club Cup, it got postponed. So I figure it is a bit of a time warp - kinda. Ok, probably not at all but I sort of like how it sounds as a title so just humor me a little. Anyway, Cesena is coming to town for the first of Inter's two make-up games and if we win, we will jump two places up the table from 6th to 4th. Which, as someone pointed out, makes this game pretty huge. Ginormous even. (Sorry about the crappy photoshop pic above. It was all I had time for)
What: Inter v Cesena, Make-up game 1
Where: San Siro, Milan
When: Wednesday, January 19, 8:45pm local time (11:45am pacific, 2:45pm eastern)
How to Watch: Live on Setanta Sports 1, Fox Soccer Plus, and or find a stream (MyP2P, Rojadirecta, Ustream, and
Liveblog: Probably not. Kirby has school and I have to work so... but I will definitely be checking in here. YES! Thanks to MAD, the Liveblog will happen (everyone say "Thank you, MAD")
Cesena and Inter dont really have a lot of history together. In fact, they have only played each other 24 times - total. And we have only lost two of those. Ok, it breaks down like this: 10 of those games were Serie A Inter home games, including 6 wins, 3 draws, and 1 loss. The rest were Coppa Italia and Cesena home games. The last time they came to the San Siro was way back in 1991 when they were handily beaten 2-0, with goals from Matthaus and Bergomi.
I couldn't find highlights or anything, so how about this instead:
Cesena are a scrappy little team with a never-say-die attitude. They may be hovering just above the relegation zone, but they have managed to beat both Milan and Lazio this season, showing they can bring it.
I have to admit, I like this team. I think it began at the beginning of the season when I saw a Serie A preview show on the new teams coming up. They interviewed Emanuele Giaccherini and Matias Schelotto. Giaccherini admitted to being most excited by the prospect of getting to play Inter this season. He is a huge fan and said he wanted Cesena to win at the San Siro but for Inter to win the scudetto (awwwww). Schelotto said that Javier Zanetti was his idol. How can you not like someone who likes Pupi? Anyway, like them. Plus, their seahorse crest is groovy in an op-art sort of way.
Probably Cesena's biggest problem right now is their inability to score goals. They only have 13 which, along with Bari, is the worst scoring record in the league. Which is probably why they are interested in Adrian Mutu. Still, they are not without some scoring talent. After a turbulent summer, our old friend Luis Jimenez found himself in black and white and has scored 3 goals this season. Their other man up front is Erjon Bogdani with 4 goals.
Jimenez - big fish in a little pond
A new lease on life for an old friend.
They are better at the back, having only conceded 22 goals, fewer than Juventus (25) and Roma (24), but a couple more than Napoli (20). Almost half of those goals (9) came in the last 15 minutes of the game so it seems that they start strong, but they have difficulty keeping up concentration for a full 90.
For all their pluckiness, they have a woeful away record. Cesena has only won one game and drawn an additional two on the road. Which is good news for us because we could really use a win on this make-up game. Massimo Ficcadenti, Cesena's coach (anyone ever heard of this guy?), admitted today that he would have rather played this game in December:
"Certainly, it would have been better to have confronted Inter on December 12th, that was another team, missing four or five fundamental players. Now they have recovered almost everyone. It is difficult to find fault in a grout so strong, physically, technically and now also psychologically."
PreCesena training
Everyone ready to kick some ass?
Leonardo has called up:
Portieri: Castellazzi, Orlandoni, Gallinetta;
Difensori: Cordoba, Zanetti, Lucio, Maicon, Ranocchia, Materazzi, Chivu, 3Santon;
Centrocampisti: Stankovic, Muntari, Mariga, Cambiasso, Obi;
Attaccanti: Eto'o, Milito, Pandev, Biabiany.
As you can see, Thiago Motta has been left off the list. Not to worry, though, as Leonardo says he isn't injured, saying:
"Motta has been left out of the squad so he can have a rest; it's not a serious problem, just a minor thing that needs to be sorted out. I don't consider it an injury; he just needs to sit out for a bit so he can recover."
As such, Muntari has been convened and is expected to play tomorrow.
Cambiasso and Milito wrestling
Not quite as good as the happy piggy caption, but I will take it in a pinch.
Earlier in the week, there was some speculation that Stankovic would be benched ahead of the Udinese game as he is only one booking from a match ban. Leonardo doesn't seem to think that it is an issue, though, saying:
"I think it's difficult to try and do things based on the number of cards a player has. I believe the players must be free even when they are close to a ban - they must be free to do their usual things."
As for the rest, how about
Maicon Samuel (silly fingers) Cordoba/Ranocchia Lucio Chivu
Zanetti Cambiasso Muntari
Milito Eto'o
And I think that aught to do it.
salted caramelAlright. I admit it, I want these three points. I want them so badly that I can almost taste them. In case you are wondering, they taste exactly like salted caramels: a dark chocolate shell of joy wrapped around a chewy caramel schadenfreude center and seasoned with salt from the tears of our rivals. Yum. A win tomorrow would see us leapfrog both Juventus and Roma. A loss is almost too disappointing to even consider... so I wont. And with the way this team has been playing and if we can keep our wits about us during set pieces, I think we just might have a chance.
In the words of Eto'o:
"When you play football and you want to win there is no such thing as a less important game. Every team you face is the same. Sometimes you're up against teams that, on paper, are much stronger and who have great players; other times less so. But all of us here at Inter, whether it's AC Milan, Roma or Cesena, we go into the game with the same hunger. And anyone who loves football, anyone who wants to win and who knows what it takes to win respects teams like Cesena. When I'm asked if I find it hard to remain fully focused sometimes playing against teams like Cesena, I say no. I'm in love with football and I know it's easy to stay focused against AC Milan or Roma. It's against these teams, teams like Cesena, that you have to be careful to keep your concentration up. There are no easy games and I hope that on Wednesday we'll be battling and showing our opponents respect. And I hope the three points stay here in Milan."
Oh, and in case you hadn't noticed, our blog page has a new feature. Links to videos of recent Inter goals can now be found on the side panel to the right (----->). Pretty nifty!
How about a little training from today: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9714074730873108}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '151312', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PH3POLG543QKTQFGXUVU2GV2J32I4FRW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f9c45fd8-fd9a-480a-a7ce-65fcb01a71e7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 21, 17, 59, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '199.232.66.125', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:N5MFDHIS3DXEZRCE4MYF26QFJOA43OKK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2bc8f1ca-7221-4899-8451-c825c789d790>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.serpentsofmadonnina.com/2011/1/18/3211624/inter-v-cesena-lets-do-the-time-warp-again', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ff882e1-d66d-4811-9d3f-5ea89fb1ca3d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1284', 'url': 'https://www.serpentsofmadonnina.com/2011/1/18/3211624/inter-v-cesena-lets-do-the-time-warp-again', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-22\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019178152084350586', 'original_id': 'ab0fe9d7f8dd82ccc40a73ef251012871826e09e9763e139f582e94e92240e6e'} |
2016 US Presidential Elections: It is Venus versus Mars
us presidential election
It is election time again soon and we need to make an important decision on whom our votes will go to. For the past few months, the most popular names circulating the position of the next United States of America president are Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton, who is the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party, and Donald John Trump, who is the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party. It is basically Venus versus Mars for the 2016 United States of America Presidential Elections.
We all know that Venus is the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the astronomical sign for the female sex and it represents femininity. It is just to emblematize the said goddess to the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party, Mrs. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton, or shortly know as Hillary Clinton. Hillary is the first lady, from 1993 to 2001, and wife of the 42nd President of the United States of America, William Jefferson Clinton, who is also known as Bill Clinton. Aside from being the first lady of the country, she also became the First Lady of Arkansas when his husband served as the Governor of Arkansas way back in 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992. She also served as a United States Senator from New York last 2001 until 2009. Moreover, she became the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, serving under Barack Obama’s ruling years.
Off to the antagonist of Venus, the Roman god of war is Mars. We are all familiar that Mars represents the astronomical symbol for the male gender. It also represents masculinity and youth; hence, we would assume the role of Mars to the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party, Donald John Trump. An alumna of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Donald Trump is a known American business mogul. Also, he is recognized as an author of 16 books and a TV personality, the host of the popular television show, The Apprentice, from 2004 until 2015 and became an Emmy Award nominee twice.
Trump is surely one of the wealthiest people in the United States of America and the whole word with a net worth of 4.5 billion US Dollars last May 2016. He is noted as the Chairman and President of the Trump Organization, owning several real estate properties, golf courses, a football team and the Miss Universe Organization among others. Once upon a time, a Trump University LLC was also founded and provided training programs for real estate from 2005 until 2010, but was now defunct after multiple lawsuits. He is basically a business mogul trying to dip his foot in the political waters when he announced his candidacy for president under the Republican Party last June 2015 and became a frontrunner.
Let us now start the faceoff between Venus and Mars. According to the Quinnipiac Polling, 44% of Americans think that Donald Trump is more honest and trustworthy versus the 39% who believe in us electionHillary Clinton’s honesty and trustworthiness. Well, we cannot deny sayings that politicians are some of the people whom we cannot really trust; hence, there is no question about the poll results. In terms of who has a higher moral standards, 47% of Americans is confident in Hillary Clinton, while Donald Trump garnered 36%. On a somewhat close call of a 4% difference, 49% of Americans believe that Donald Trump will make a stronger leader while 45% rely on the girl power of Hillary Clinton. Moreover, 56% of Americans suppose that Hillary Clinton is better prepared to be the next President of the United State of America, considering her long and broad political experience and career. On the other hand, 35% believe that Donald Trump has what it takes to be the next president.
Additionally, in terms of who is more inspiring, Donald Trump stumped Hillary Clinton’s 39% by garnering a whopping 48%, believing that he is inspirational worthy. Well, we all know the man has written several inspirational books. Maybe, that is partially the reason why. Yale-alumna Hillary Clinton got 51% of the votes who believe she is the more intelligent one versus Wharton-alumna Donald Trump with 37% of the votes. Considering the anti-Muslim stand of Donald Trump, 49% of Americans believe that he will be the most effective against the internationally renowned terrorist group, ISIS, while Hillary Clinton garnered a 41% that keeps the faith in “Girl Power” over a drastic Mars-like approach of Donald Trump.
In addition, business mogul Donald Trump is trusted by 52% of Americans to create more jobs while Hillary Clinton got 41%. The former United States Secretary of State got 51% believers that she will handle the immigration issues better than Donald Trump with 43%.
Recently, we all watched the news and several gun-related violence happened in the United States. 46% of Americans believe that Hillary Clinton will do a better job in reducing gun violence in the country versus Donald Trump’s 38%. Also, 53% rely on Hillary Clinton to do a better job in responding to international crisis over the 40% Trump believers. Lastly, 48% think that Hillary Clinton will be better in getting things done in Washington than Donald Trump, which has 45%.
It is an election between Venus and Mars, a woman versus a man. We all hope that the best person wins for the sake of America. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.960818350315094}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '26810', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EZE2XIQ3DYFYUCKQAT2ZCFJB3E4OB6TJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fb86e260-318d-4051-8bae-26f43fa8855e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 17, 0, 4, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '159.174.172.77', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C2SC5MUEN7OPWHFMSOYNMMNBHLGCQGAN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1630ab8c-8876-4de7-bba6-dcf51af6f974>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://societysurf.com/tag/hillary-clinton/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4d51085c-718a-4b55-9ea4-0f2e04c70187>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '904', 'url': 'http://societysurf.com/tag/hillary-clinton/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-254.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04144781827926636', 'original_id': '752f06eaad012edeeed3868a960afd1674b670659dd3bb114d7cab6a5746adcd'} |
DE VIRGINE ASCITICA&c. 33$ convenit, fi idem ex microcofmi oceano pravos humores veluti imbibe- rit , iifdem domlcilium praebuerit. Et , nifi fallor, laticis hujus ftafis ef- fecit , ut poruli vaforum nimis humectati iaxatique ultra dianietrum na- turalem fuerint ampiiati , ampliatique plus jufto copiofiorem lympham in membranacea ovulorum receptacula eructaverint. Uti vcro guttulam guttula trudit pellitque , ita certe a fanguine , curfu noii interrupto , adfluente dum ferofae particulee in parte iltiufmodi morbofa feparantur , atque per patentiores vaforum poros cranfcolantur , non poteft non ef- fufa lympha congeri , auctaque veficulas diducere & expandere , & qui- dem line rurum prsefentaneo rupturae vel extenuationis periculo. Quo- niam enim non fubitanea , fed fenfim paulatimque facta eft expanfio , & veficulx fuccis vitalibus & nutritiis fcatent , certe dum dilatan- tur , dum nutriuntur , increfcunt , atque hac ratione esedem inter- dum iniignem amplitudinem & crafTitiem adipifcuntur. Interim non fa- cile adferuerim , uno eodemque tempore omnia ovulorum receptacula id nruli experta fuiife , fed veri videtur fimiiius , unam alteramque veficu- lam inflatam contactu & preMione fua vicinas male adfeciffe , inque eis vitalem fanguinis motum turbando , uberiori lymphse tranfudationi fomi- tem dediife , ita ut paulatim non tantum ovarium totum intumuerit, fed & idem in hydatides plenarie mutatum fueriti $. i % Infuper tumofem ovarii prsegrafidem afciti & tumori pedum cedema- tofo occafionem dediffe , non fine ratione omni lufpicor. Praeterquaril enim quod abdomen circa mali principium aequabiliter haud intumuit * fed faltem in altetutro latere tumor dufus comparuit , atque eundem ad maturitatem veluti perductum afcitis demum cum tumore pedum oedema- tofo eft fubfecutus, fane a ratione nequaquam abhorret , ovarium tu- midum utriufque mali fuiife caufam. Id quidem non nifi in praxi medica hofpitem latere poteft ^ gravidas fubinde tumore pedum cedematofo cor- ripi , atque ab eo poft partum fponte fua iiberari. Etenim aliquando ute- rus gravidus in aiitea jam difpofitis fubjectis mole ftm truncos venarum cruralium premit , ita , ut fanguis venofus e cruribus libere remeare ne- queat : unde ufu venire folet , ut a fanguine per arterias advecto , itt* que cruribus cumulato , exagitatoque , ferum jufto copiofius feparetur » eodemque crura inundentur , obruanturque. At utero poft partum pri- ftinam figufarri & exilitatem recuperante , & ita caufa premente ceffante , inftauratur fanguinis vitalis motus , & pedetentim tumor omnis evanef- cit. §. X. Omnes afciticos molefta admodum , atque anxietatum plena abdomi- nis expanfione cum fpirandi difficultate compHfcsfea adfici , nemo eft , qui ignorac. Quo major namque feri extravafaci quancitas in abdomiais ca- vitate congeritur , eo gravius non duutaxac cft pondus ruud citra mole- ftiam fumma.n birfcumferehdiihi , led eo moleitius etiam incegumenca ad crepaturam tere uique difcenduntur. Sed curn eodem tempore aqiwe in-. figne fpatiurn occupances , arque integumentis cenfis compreliie , tum coltarum , tum diaphragm atis defcenfui remoram iujicianr , individuum fere afcius fymptoma eft difficulras fpirandi. Atque hac inprimis miri m in modum , & ad fuffbcationis ufque peiiculj>m vexabatur noftra , cujus rationem mirabilis diaphragnutis (itus clare ob oculos ponebat. Siqui- dem aquarum prementium vi diaphragma tam enormicer elongatum , tamque alte in thoracem protrufum erat , ut, abdomine licet ab aquis evucuato , idem uno ifi latere coltie fecundae , in aicero tertiae aon pro- cul a Iterno accumbens confpiceretur. Quare mirari pene convcnk , quo- modo segra f,;iritum tarridVu ducere valuerit , cum certo fornicata dia. h- ragm.ais pars u rumque thoracis latus totum fere occupaverit , quod aHtefei dilatandis pulmonibus fpatium concedere folet. Sane poftremis ante obi- tum menfibus curvo & anteriora verfus incfnato corporis firu segram paulo liberius refpirare , atque fic dcmum fumnum capere potuilfe , ex hiftoria patet. Fortaifis definito corporis iitu erfedum elt , ut non modo diaphragma altius in thoracem , fed anreriora etiam feu fternum verfus alcenderit j atque in parte thoracis poftica fpatium vacuum reliquerit-, quo obfcuro thoracis , diaphragmatifque motu , pulmo fuo modo expli- cari , coiitr,ihique potuerit. Etenim iu noltra convexam diaphragmdtis figuram inlpirationis tempore parum in planam fuitfe mutatam, fibrae noii obfcure docent, quarum minifterio altero in kvtere diaphragma fuperiori thoracis parti erat adnexum. Utrum autem fibrillsc ex a mucido lquore, in fila didueto , an vero a filamentis ex pleura vel pulmone protrufis , enu- tritifque originem duxerint , jam jufto fcrupulofius indagare non vacat : Tulficit monuiile , unionem, quae diaphragmuti cum elaciore thoracis parte inteiceifit , impedimento fuilfe , quo minus in infpirationis gratiam dia- phragma dcfcenfu & complanatione fua choraccm rirc dilatare potuerit. $. XI. V E V I ft G I N E A S C I T I C A &c. 34* '§. X I. Prsetcr fyniptomata afcitis jam enarrata, dantur adhuc alia bene mul- ta , quibus adfedus hicce ftipatus incedere folec. Ad eu enirn fuis inex- plebiiis , anorexia , naufea, alvi ftypricitas , tormina imi ventris , agryp- nia, pulfus arteriarum insequjlis & incerruptus , tabes confummata , ahu- que pertinent. Quod autem fymptomata hcecce in omnibus afciticis pro- mifcue haud obferventur, vari-je extravafati feri qualitati, variaeque vif. cerum confticutioni inprimis debetur. Qui hydrope extindlcrum cada- vera dilfecueruut , modo ferum croceo , viridi , citriuo, alioque co'ore ,pravo tinctum , idemque pius vel minus corrofivum , modo omentum telse inftar tenue , aut plane confumtum , modo intetfina livida , modo in hepatej liene , pancreate , glandulis mefenterii , fimilibufque orga- nis , obftructiones , jam in his vel aliis partibus fcirrhofas concretiones , j.mi renes putridos, aut alia vifcera exulcerata, ficque porro , obfervavere. Hxc cum ita fint , mirari commode vix polfumus , fi afciticum aliis pra»- terea morbis adfli&um lymptomatum ab his fimul ptppullulantium fyr;^ drorue penitus obrutum aaimadyertamus. §. XII. Occafione hiftorise fupra delineatae monuimus , ferum paracenthefi exr- tra&um , & poft fata in abdomine inventum, aquei fuiife coloris , idem- que rnuha feacuiiie materia febacea. Quare illud non tam acredine vifce- ribus labem adfperfiife , fed pondere -inprimis variorum malurum exiicitfe caufam , veritati fatis videtur confentaneum. Neque vero ih prscfeuti pvarii tumorem , perverfum diaphr igmatis fitum, pulmonem decolorem, malaque inde manantia , ut ne crambem bis coctam haud cicra taedium apponam , commemorabo : fed id filentio prseterire nequeo , cerera vif- cera fittis bene conftituta fuiife animad veifa. Quandoquidem inde ratio fortaffe liquet , cur noftra neque fiti , neque anorexia , neque alvi ftypti- citate , neque ahis fymptomatibus, ih afcicicis quae frequenter obfervau- tur , laboraverit. Sane Avicenna hydropicorum fitint clamofam & inex- tinguibilem peibene nuncupac ; etenim aliquando eidem "leniendje, ex> tinguendaeque vix potum quemcunque fufficere , autopfia locuples eft te- ftis; ut ideo tritum illud : quo p'us func potae , plus fitiuntur aqute ; apprime in hydiopicos quadret. Probabilicer vero eo cempore velTubita hydropis generatio , vel-mefenterium obftruclum , vel vafii ejus chyiofo- Jymphatica rupta , vel acriores primarum viarum cruditaces , molet-tfiii- mo iili arfectui occafionem prsebenr. Quodfi enim fubito & copiofe fc- rum effunditur in abdomen , fanguis fero fuo privatus , nec humectan- ih foucibus idoneus non potefl non fitijp segre explebilem exckare ; non V v 3 fecus 543 SCHACH.ERf fecus ac Jn diarrhcea , fudatione larga , -aliifque copiofis excretlonibus fe* ro(is animadvercere folemus. Sic porro potus alTumtus propter vaforum mefenterii obirructionem vel dilacerationem in via interceptus * aut ab ea defleclens , jacturhm feri , quam fanguis excretionibus naturalibus, tum vero practematurali effufione in hydrope facit , refarcire dumnequit, non elt , cur feri penuriam , indeque oriundam fitim miremur. Verum & hoc non raro accidit , ut cruditates biliofo-acres vaporetenus 1n os adfceri- dentes , fitim in hyuropicis moveant , augesntque , aut fimilibus mole- culis fanguinem imbuant, eumque nimis acrem reddant. At enim vero cum noftra neque de ru&ibus acribus conquefta fit , neque quicquam fenfibilis vitii in mefenterio comp;;ruerit , & infuper hydropis generatio lenta admodum fuefit, quiiibet faciU perfpicit negotio , pOtum chylumque per viam regiam fanguini advedum , iltum purpureo iili liquori conci- haife fluorem , ut humeclandis Luclbus omrtino fufficeret. Sane hydropi uteri cum graviditate ititerdum iniignem cognationem inter- cedere , Cl. Prafes , Praeceptor meus devenerandus , olim in propeitptico quodam inaugurali memorabili exemplo illuftravit. N.imque mariti cujuf- dam uxor , plurium liberorum genitrix , hydrope fic laboraverat , uc non modo durante imaginaria geitatione fe multoties tenelli motum per- cepiife retulerit , fed & probationis ergo mjmmas tumidas lacque funden- tes confpiciendas exhibuerit > nihilo tamen fecius , cum circa poftrema geftationis tempora ledo adfixa hxreret , facies pdlida corpufque tabi- dum comparerec , tumorque ille non finc gravativo fenfu rueret, quor- fum corpus inclinabatur : profe&o fagaciores ante aquarum panu exciu- farum eruptionem , eam pro mcra imaginaria gravida habuere. Uti vero hydropicarum lac in mammis infolici plane quid olec : ita , cum in no- ftra thorax contabuerit , abdomen vero intumuerit , decumbentis abdo- men cum gravativo fenfu de latere in latus fuerit converfum , refpiratio inprimis pro diverfo corporis fitu aegerrime proceiferic , fluctuationem aquarum in abdomine mifera fenferit , pallor faciei , & univerfi corporis macilentia incrementa quotidie ceperit , praefatus ovarii rumor aivegret- fus fit, urina pauca , eaque lixiviofa , emanaveric , eam inconfiderate pro gravida habiatm e(Te , nemo non videt. Afcitis quidem inter figna fitis intolerabilis , anorexia &c. haud poftremum locum occupat ,• tamen uti hydrops faccatus & uterinus hos adfectus fubinde comites nequaquam habet : ita cum pleraque vifcera In noftra falva fuerint, iftiufmodi ad- fectuum abfencia medicus decipi haud debuiffet : cum fane ex antea commemoratis fignis afcites jam tum fatis clare patuerit. Interim diifi- mulare nequimus , interdum afcitis primum ortum cognitu eife perar- duum. Proinde eo tempore non nimis praecipitanter de praefenti adfectu animi fui fenfa explicet medicus : iiquidem proceifu temporis luculentius cognofcet , quid boni maiique fubfit. Hac enim, ratione infonri puellae non facile maculam adiperget , nec fasmins gravidae partus felicis fpem prscfcindet. §. XIV. ' Neque vero minfls circunifpectum in prsedicendo morbi eventu fe ge- rere decet medicum. Etenim afcitem ambigui admodum eife eventus , -j[uis. , qusefo , eft , qui ignorat '{ Nonnulli Lholam Salernitanam in ful Ipfius 54-; • S C II A C H E R j- jpfius opprobrium : hydropc , quartnna , medicorum fcnndala plzna j oeciniffe arbitramur ; atque Aret.ni (m) efFato : hydropr injucundum , jnquicntis , aifpe&u vitium eji , £5? toleratu difficile ; ab ipfo enim perpauci libtrantur , idque felicitate qttadam , ac deorum potius , quam artii auxilio, buIIo modo funt contenti , exiftimantes , medicinae vires tarh anguftis canccllis haud e(Te includendas ; • praccipue cum plurium hydropicorum pro defperatis habitorum , & convenienti methodo tra&atorum , faufta fortunataque cura nrti medicac infigne decus conciliaverit , & ctiamnum oonciliet. Quantumvis, itaque hoc in paffu Apollinese arti nihil glorise dftradlum velim , auctor tamen fuaforque fum , medicus ut fibi caveat, ae forte huic vel illi medicamini nimium confifus, qucmlibct hydropcm pro adfe&u curatu fliciii fine difcrimine proclamet , vanaque fpe clien- t.em fuum laclet. H.iud pauci ex bona ventriculi , inteftinorum , hepa- tis , lienis , pancreatis , mefenterpque conftitutione , a^que adeo ex ap- petitu cibornm , fitis penuria , alvo quotidie aperta , fimilibufque fignis* nec quidem fine ratione , felicem hujus adfe&us tventum augurari fo- Jent. Sed enimvero hxc omnia vana fuilfe in noltra , exitus eheu ! fii- tis fuperquc dociK. Alii ex dyfpncea , cuquc infigni , qua inprimis no- fira iahoravic , funeftum. afcitis eventutn fibi condpiunt ; nec fic quidcnl male : pracipue ii id mali a corrupto pulmonG, aut conjun&o thoracis laydrope limul originem ducat-. Kuda vero fpirandi diffkultns , tamctlt. etiam infigniori gradn vexet argrum ■, nihil certi dcfignat : ea namquc eft conftietum afciticomm fymptoma ■, qui tamen , ceteris paribus , in- tcrdum fanitatem ex animi fentcmia recuperant. Celfm ( n ) jubet, tam potum , quam uriroim hydropici mctiri , & quod fi qunntitas urinae quanritatem potus fuperct , bonam fpem fmitatis recuper.mdse fupcrcffe perhibet. Cer-te ea fclicitas noftra: nunquam contigit , ut copiofe min- xerit ; quandoquidem ex motbi hiftoria conftat , eam toto morbi curfu parum urinae excreviife. Sed ctim ex cjdem quoque hiftoria innotcfcat, regram ob fitis dtfe&uni pauco potu quotidie ukm effc , pauca quoque urina parum lummis morbi prognofi accenclere videbatur. Hydropcm f>varii non ita periculofum effe , ii cumprimis doccnt , qui eundem vi- jjinti annos duraffe exemplis comprobare haud vercntur. F.um vcro cu» ratu effe diffkiJlimum , omnes fcre uno fatentur ore. Uti namque qui- hbet faccatus hydrops quorumvis pene remediorum efficaciam cludit , quia materia pcccans munimento vcluti quopium , feu iacco hydropico , nrcumfepra cft, quorfum , ut vcrofimilc fit , medicamcnti vis pertingere nequit .* ita non inconcinne hydrops ovarii faccato hydropi accenfetur , cujus cura fortaffis multitudine hydntidum difficilior longe rcdditur. At vrro fi contingat , ut ovarii tumor hinc iliinc dehifcat , ferum pluat , & ( ;:: ) T,. 2. de diaet. c 1, ( ») L. j. c. 21. D E V I R G I N E A S C I T I C A &c. 34$ & afcitem fimul gignat , tantum abefb , ut periculo careat , ut potius in vitse pcriculum segrum conjiciat. Atque hanc principem fuifle ratio- nem , cur noftra lentam obierit mortem , animo meo perfuafum omnino habeo. Siquidem afcitis quidem longo pfHigit tempore , fed certa per- nicie tarditatem compenfat , eundo crcfcit , crefcendoque deterior fir. Quapropter ficuti diuturnitas mali , nec non irritus optimorum etiam re- mediorum fucceifus non obfcuris indiciis prodit , funeftum mali futurum efle eventum : ita cum idem in noftra fuerit animadverfum , infuperque aifeites ex immedicabili fonte promanaverit , eidem convalefcentise fpem promitti haud potuiffe, fponte fua innotefcit. Galenus ( o ) fuo jam tern- pore atferuit , hydropem , fi cum febre acuta conjungatur , curatu eiVc impoifibiiem. Proftdto cum febris acuta exanthematica paracenthefi ino- pinato fupervenerit , mortem metuendam effe , judicatu non erat difflci- le , eamque fufpicionem mox fubfecir.us ex hac vita dilceifus confirmaviC. |. X V. Quamvis autem eventus docuerit , malum rebelle admodum fuilfe , ntque lethiferum , tamen uti viventes morbi cala^itatibus mire affhcli ad vitae ulque exitum medicam opem anhelunt ■, atque infuper infoliti quid in praxi medica fubinde obfervatur , i. e. ut defperanter decumben- tes prseter expeftationem convalefcant , atque etiam medici ceteroquin ingeniofi , in abftrufarum , abfconditarumque , quas fufpicantur , cau(a- rum cognitione falluntur nonnunquam , ideoque iri arobiguo ftatu ver- fantes vix quicquam intentatum relinquunt : ita mirandum non eft , Ci noftra variis remediis irrito licet , vanoque fuccefiu , fuerit ufa. Non> nulli catharclicorum in hydrope curando ufum ad fidera ufque extollunt , atque medelam ejus fine iifdem inutilem effe , minufque falutarem , opi- nantur. Alii ea quidem non infuper habent , at promifcue tamen non ad- probant , imo plane rejiciunt , nempe fi afcites cum phthifi , induratio- ne & exuleeratione vifcerum fit conjunctus. Sane purgantium minifterio plurimos hydropicorum ex animi fententia priftinam recuperaffe fanitatem, extra controverfiam effe collocatum judico. Nemo Vero praxeos medicae gnarus ignorat, fine iis , aut perpauco laxantium faltem ufu interpofi- to, feliciter curari hydropem. Quis vero exoptatam iftiuiroodi curam propter neglecla catharclica inutilem , minufque falutarem pronunciabit? Profecto uti natura crifin per alvum , modo per vias urinarias , aliaque organa molitur , & efficit ; ita pro segrorum diverfa conftitutione , ca- tharcticorum , fudoriferorum , diureticorumque effecta non uno modo fe habent. Itaque tegrotantis idiofyncrafia dum medentis animo obverfuur, non facile fpem omnerw atque fiduciam in decantatum cathardticum ponet, Diffut. Medko-Pr«&. Tom. IV. X x fed (o) Comment. i. & 3. progr. 34* SCHACHER, \>d potiU5 evacuantia particuiari aegn difpofkioui accommoJabit. Equidem jaoftra neque phthiii , neque induratione vel exulceratione vifcerum la- boravit , atque Ideo camrainjdicantia , qux cachar&icorum ufum diifua- djnc, haiid adfuere : tamen eidem purgantia plus damni , quam foiami- iijj , pjpenfle , ex jam dicendis ctarius iunotefcet. §. XVI. Nimirum in eligendis cathardlicis infignis Pradticorum e(l diifenfus ; etenim non pauci tortiora , qux druitica alias audiunt , ad qux elate- rium , euphorbium , ebuli fuccus , cryftall. luri. aliaque pertinent, magui iu hydropc obitinato seftimantj alii contra ea cane pejus & angue eife vitanda , perh.bent , & filtem lenioris mturx purgantia , v. c. fol. fenn. radic. rhabub. mechoacan. jalapp. hellebor. nigr. $• dulc. fimiliaque in- terdum minima doli draltici acuata calcuio fuo adprobant , ita, ut junior inprimis Praclicus , quorfum in ancipiti cafu fevertat, propemodum nef- ciar. Neque enim exigui funt momenti argumenta , quibus draftica ma- xime impugnantur ; fiquidem eorum vi feptica ventriculi , inteftinorum- que tonum jamdum labcfuctatum infringi & deftrui , fubftantiam eonmi arrodi & exedi , humores vehementius commotos per dihcerata vafi lar- gius effundi , tormina & fpafmos intendi , flatus congeri , vitalem hu- morum motum impediri , fubitaque & larga colluviei ferofx evacuatione xgrum fuffocari , adfeverare non dubitant. Hxc omma fi cum veiitate pianc congruerent , lxvx is mentis foret , qui ejufccmodi remedio fum- me nocivo uti velit. At vero quodfi commen;orata remedia huic vel illi data parum vel nihil noceant , fed potius iis hydropicus remediis vek-iti ex orci faucibus eripiatur , nutnne ea indifcriminatim atro carbone no- tare fas eft ? Minime gentium. Nolo jam ad empyricorum turbam pro- vocare , qui draltico forruito quidcm cafu , fed tamen a'iquando appofite adhibito hydropicum fanant , qui ex fcholis medicorum , jufto mode- itius forte ibidem rradtatus, ad eornm traniiit caitra , utpote de quibus Tnti. a Guldenklee non ineleganter fcribit , quod fol quandoque profpe- ros eorum fucceffus adfpiciat , adverfos autem terra tegat , & pcrpetuum injungat filentium. Sed venit mihi in mentem Sydenhtimii , lecVonis ve- terum monimentorum amantillimi , fententia , quam hac de re fovet. Is namque non folum falutares ita dictorum dralticorum in hydrope vires pluries expertus eft , fed & iis audtoritate veterum medicorum munitus priftinum honorem rcftituere allaboravit. Inprimis laudato viro bilem movet, quod conterraneus fuus , Willifuis , adco finiltre de medicis fen- tiat , qui elateria quadam pharmacia in hydropis curatione utuntur ; hinc fibi remperare nequit , quin in fequentia erumpat verba : At egre- gim hypothefiujp artifex nimhtm inconftderate hxc protulit , antiquis medicu, vel prorfus negleftu , aut urte inconfultis , a quibiu tamen ampliflimus uobis de DEVIRGINEASCITlCA&c, 347 Je re medica thefaurus fumma fde , verborumque integritate , traditm ep : Jiet itaque honor futts elaterio. Neque vero tralatitia eft fententia , quam fini^ diiiertationis de hydrope fubne&it : Fortajfe objicies , inquit , ex his medicamentis hydragogis pleraque deitteria & rmli moris ejfe , adeoque mi- nus tuta y imo ijliufnodi -pharmacorum fymptomata fere lethalia ejfe. Rej- poudeo : in gravijjimo morbo , & cafu defperato vehemens auxilium expe- riri melius , quam mdlum. Deinde , fi qUA fint , raro per fe , fed anti- dotis coiumijfa exhiberi folent > perinde ut in alexipharmacis compofitionibus fieri folenne ejl. Pojiremo , qu.e proprie & peculiariter gravi aiicui morbo accommodata Jitnt , facile tolerantur , etiamfi eadem in inttgro corpore , fnie fwumo vita periculo , dari mn poterunt : ita in afate ob aqu<& abun- dantiam fzvitia medicamenti ferocijjhni parum fentitur. H'<£c li quis per- pendat probc , facile animadvertet , timc demum ad ea remedia tranfi- tum efTe faciendum , quando purgantia , aliaque mitioxis indolis gratis adhibita fuere. Quid enim opus eft draftico , ii medicina naturx magis amica motbus tolli queat. Et quemadmodum medicus ex juvantibus & nocemibus (igna depromit , quibus & curse & morbi eventum bonum Vel mahim cognoicit ; ita d dr/:ttico vel caihavctieo mitiori dato obier- Vet , segrum id rernedii genus bene ferre , ventrem detumefcere, reli- quaque fymptomata mitefcere , cur a provido eorum ufu abftinere de- beat , caufam non video fatis idoneam. Contra li catharctica quxcunque liquores parum aut copiofe , fed fine foiamine , i. e. permanente aut in- c. efcente tumore , & non fine exacerbatione fymptomatum reliquorum , climinentur , prudentia medica pottulat , ut catharctico tempeftive va- ledicat. §. XVI I. Alii afciticotum aquas per habituni corporis fudoriferoTum extemorum, 'Rque ac internorum auxiiio eliminare conantur , eumque in finem mod@ infufa & decocta fudorifera , modo elTentias & fpiritus ex vegetabihbus fudoriferis paratos , modo fixa diaphoretica terrea , aliaque pro diverfa circumftamiarum varietate eligenda , modo balnea laconica 3 aut topica calefaciendi , eificcandique vinute pollentia fuadent. Sane Helmontius X x % me-Sr 348 S C H A C H E R , mercurio diaphoretico bis mille hydropicos curafle dicitur , atque CI. Boerhaavs (p) fale communi calefado abdomini applicato afcicem exfic- cavit i nec non Langius (q) ruftici fumme hydropici meminit , qui in ciibano piftorio tolcrabiiiter fervido per trihorium fudando , ab immi- rente vkae difcrimine fe liberavit : qua de cura Schneiderus (r) hoc fert }u iicium : Rjijiici , inquit , foleut ingredi furnum calefatlum , in quo fu- dant ad animi deliquiwu , quandoque curantur , & f.pius fujfocantur , & Jic a morbo liberantur. Ahi de fudoriferorum ufu in hydropc afcite non adeo magniBce fentiunt , tametfi eadem , deciinante hydrope, ad reli- quias pituitofas diicutiendas , & occultam tranfpirationem promovendam, adprobent : quos inter Cl. Waldfchmidius haud ultimum fibi vindicat lo- cum : diaphoretica , inquiens , ob atrophid metum fufpe&a funt , ut vix tuto ufurpari pojjint , tantum enim abeji , tlt ferum evacueut , utpote exa- gitando majfant fanguineam s calorem & fitim augsant , corpufque magis exi tenueut, adde , fi mavis , fpirandique dirficultatem inteudant. Et (i etiam expe&ationi in proliciendo fudore faciant fatis , crediderim tamen , quavis larga feri evucuatione non parum damni afcitico adferri , fi ea fine ejus le- Vamine, i. e. permanente aut increfcente tumore ventris, fiit. Quando- quidem hac ratione refidui humores ferofis particulis fpoliati magis lentef- cunt , & inacrefcunt, hydropicorum fymptomata non parum exncerbantes; ISoftra fuafu fupra memorati medici laconjco baltieo , & diaphorcticis ita eft ufa , ut uao die purgaret , akeroque fudarct , atque reciprocum ca- tharclicorum , fudoriferorumque ufum per fex hebdomadum fpatium ferie non interrupta coiuinuaret , quo fucceflu , eventus docuit. §. XVII I. Cum diuretica more fudoriferorum non ita fa^gent corpus , nec cathar- iflicorum inltar tormina , aliaque mala moveant , ideoque naturse magis fint amica , & infuper fuperfluum ferum naturaliter per vias urinarias ex- purgetur , hacc inprimis in hj'drope omuium tutiifima efle , atque optima , communis fere cordatorum medicorum eft fententia. Hmc infufum (f ) trifolii ribrini , cerevifia (t) ex abfynthio & bacc. juniper. recentibus pa- rata, lixivia , ex cinerib. genift. ononid. ftipit. fab. &c. vino vel aqua con- iedta , aliique fales fixi & volatiles , temperiei a:grotantis accommodandi , tuntoperc commendantur. Licet vero noftra prater a!ia diuretica tres heb- domadas lixivium e ftipitibus fabarum paratum , non negtectis alterantibus, & {p ) HojfmaJini difTert. de hydrope, p. 4^, { q ) In anjmadv. ad Pathol. fpagyr. fabj, (r) Dilf. de hydiope , §. <^G- { s ) Job. Frcmcus tr. de trifol. fihr. [t ) M. N. C. D. An. 9. 10. cbf 13, D E V I R G I N E A S C I T I C A &c: 349 & lenioribus laxantibus, hauferit; tamen nec hujus ufus quicquam fo!a- minis eidem peperit , urina quoque eo tempore parce fluente. De domefti- cis remediis , aliiique ipfi a variis commendatis jam nihil diceee attinet , prxcipue cum eorum notitiam non habeamus fatis exactam : pauaceae au- ;em mentio adhuc eft facienda , quam adeptus miris praeconiis extulit, cujus tamen ufus vanus fuit , irritufque. §. XIX. Ex fuperioribus c!are innotefcere arbitror, hydropem variis adminiculis pharmaceuticis faepius ex voto diiiipari , alio vero tempore quaevis incalTum prorfus adhiberi , & noftra , & alii bene multi ex hydrope denati funefto fuo teftantur exemplo. At enim vero quse fubfit racio , cur remedia , quse multis eximie profuere, aliis fint nocumento , aut minimum defideratum eriectum haud pra;ftent, id quidem difficiles exp!icatus habet. Certe unius, akeriuTque , aut plurium vifcerum functionibus naturalibus & vitalibus deftinatorum pertinaciffima obftructione , fcirrho , eorruptione , exulce- ratione , hydropem reddi curatu difficilem, & plane impoflibilem , nori ita mirum eft. Nam uti afcites in fe fpectatus mirum in modum fatigac acgrum , nec ita facile fanari poteft , fane C\ is foveatur vifcerum morbis , quibus mederi nequimus , & qui anti-hydropicis non raro exacerbantur , ica , ut ab his faspe abftinere cogamur, atque arFectus ii unitis viribus me- dicinee cuicunque reliftant , aegrumque enervent , profecto tandem neceile eft , antiquam illam cantilenam canamus : contra vim mortis non eft me- dicamen in hortis. Vix autem exiftimaverim , hanc fuilfe genuinam ra- tionem , cur noftrse hydrops omnem remediorum pharmaceuticorum e!u^ ferit efficaciam. Equidem ovarium in hydatides erat mutatum : quoniam tamen nulla corruptionis aderant figna , & infuper aclio ejus non tam ad individui , quam fppciei confervationem facit , & cetera vifcera bene fatis erant comparata , excepto pulmone , cujus color luridus fatalem corrup- tionem non indicabat : fponte fua hinc fluere autumo , alii caufae eife adfcribendum , quam ob rem afcites curari haud potuerit. Hydnopem aliquando ex vaforum mefenterii chylofo-lymphaticorum ruptura natales fuos deducere, medicorum monumenta fatis fuperque teftantur. Sane nill fmgulari naturoe artificio , evacuatis licet aquis , canales ii confolidentur , non tantum hydrops renovabitur , verum tandem & hujus , & confum- matse tabiei atrocitate extinguetur seger. Tale quidem noftrae metuendum non erat , quippe cujus mefenterium , & actiones naturales nullam ruptu- rae memoratorum vaforum fufpicionem movebant. Propterea vero haud negaverim , ovarium in peripheria hinc illiuc apertum immedicabilem pr?e- buiife fontem , ex quo emanavit lympha in abdomeu confluens. Nihilo tamen fecius fi modo ea catharcticis , aliifque, feparatis temporibus'fuiifet evacuata , probabiliter segra aliquamdiu in vivis confervari potuiflet. X x 3 Sed 3^0 S C H A C H E R , Sed enim vero uti natura fua fponte , quod interdum ficri iolet , (erurrt ex corpore haud extrufit j ita nec medicamentis id effici potuit. Etenira l.cct eo rine quamplurima fucrint data, tumor tamen abdominis nunquam decrevit , fed accrevit. Profecto quo pacto liquor ferolus in abdomen ef- fufus , ibidemque magna quantitate coilectus , per vias urinarias , aut pcr alvum , aut habitum corporis evacuari foleat , tegre utique intelligere licet : tametfi experientia rei ipilus veritatem fatis confirmet. Nolo in pnc- fenti operofius indagare , utium extravafui liquoris aut medicamentorum virtute inteltinorum , aut veiiccc poii adaptentut ita , ut per eos extrava- fitus liquor trajici , in eorum cavitacem etfundi , & fic demum extra ceco- nomiam animalem profcribi poifit, an vero fimile quid vafis lymphaticis aut languiflus accidat , quo circulationis lege tandcm per emunclorium quodcunque liquor peccans evacuari queat. Quamcunque vero amplecta- ris fententiam , necciie tamen e(t , definitam fupponas proportionem poros infer fecernentes , & liquorem lecernendum. Qtiam (i nulla medicina effi- cere poteris, hydrops quoque erit incurabilis. Et hacc fortaifis eft ratio , cur ex noltrae abdomine aqux ibidem collcclx, & copiofilfi'nam maternm fcbaceam continentes , ideoqne fortc ad fecretioncm minus idonesc , neque catharclicis , ncque diuieticis, neque fudoriferis , evacuari potuerint, & cur ex iis rcmediis omnibus ne levamen quidem cadem fenferit. §. X X;. Sed quid tandem rle paracenthefi d.cendum , poft qliam noflra b'revi vi- tam mifcriarum pknilfimam finiit. Sunt utique nonnulli , qui eam noti modo floccipendunt , fed & plane rejiciunt. (^uod (i enim ad eorum men- tcm interna fint rite conitituta-, xgerque naturx robore polleat, vix opus videtur erfe paracenthefi , cum natura medicamentis adjuta , fublevataque» fuburram aquofam per lo'ca convenientia expeHcre potis fit. Sin vero pra- va ndfit vifcerum indoles , auc hydrops nimis invalucrit , & xger jufto fit ckbilior, perioulum omninoelt, ne vita cum aqua effluat , aut etiam puiv- «itura paracenthcd facta fphacelofam corruptionem contrahat , funeltique eventus caufa Cn. Equidem prolata argumenta non plane nullam habent vim , at tanti tamen momenti mihi haud videntur , ut iduem commoti paracenthcfin ex remediorum catalogo expungere debcamus : quandoqui- dcm cx antecedenti thefi nemiui non perlpicuum fit , noftrse vifcera fatts bona fuiife indole , eoque tempore , quo ipfi data funt hydrotica , natura qus fatis valida erat , qux tamen medicamep.tis fuffulta eliciendis aqnis rninime fufficiebat , non obfcuro indicio , regulatn d.ttam non ka elfe uni- verfalem , ut non quandoquc patiatur exceptionem. Propterea vero id ego h wd afli ruc;i:n , paracenthefim vifccrum indurationi , exulcerationi , aut oorrnprioni j vaforumque nipturx, medclam arferre , fed nequcmihihoc &- D E V I R G I N E A S C T T I C A &b. 3?r faciic pcrfuaderi paterer, hydraffoga iis adfectibus adco eximic cood&edrpi tnulto minus iifdem curandis fiiffioere , ita ut hac in re medicamenta hxccc cum paracenthefi unam fere eandemque videamur haberc vim. Utinam re- mediorum pharmaceuticorum vircs ea oertitudine fe nobis comnfenclarent , quam merito in operationibus chirurgicjs magni facimus ; eteaim hac ratb- ne morbos porFemus depellece loage falicius , exoptatiufque. Quis aurcm adeo prxfradbc erit froutis , lit negare audeat , ahquando magno molimine per cathardtica , diureticaque , tntendi fruftra aquarum evaciationem , quam tamen (implici puntftura intra breviflimum temporis fpatium ohcine- bis. Fortailis , nili fallor , in adhibcndis ejufmodi operationibus fumus aliquando lrimium fcrupulofi , ne dicam , jufto mcticulofiores : quo fiert fo'ec , ut tempus fubinde elabi finamus , quo acger paracenthefcos ope plenarie fanitati reftitui potuiifet. Equidcm funt , qui paracenthell furfocationi , aut puncturae fphacelofe cor- ruptioni occafionem dari , opnantur, proptereaque remedium hocce, quan- tum in feeft, maximopere dilfuadent , in noftra tamen contrarium emicuit; fiquidem paulatim fadta aquarum evacuatione res eo devenit , ut longe commodius , tranquilliufque refpirare pdtuerit , & poft fata clare patuit , puncturam nullum inflammationis, nedum fphacelofae corruptionis fignum cxhibuiffe , haud obfcuro argumento , aliquando remedium quodpiam prac- ter neceffitatem fufpeclum fieri. Quod autemxgra, non obftante qualicuu- que folamine, interierit, id fcbri mahgme exanthematicx adfcribendum eft, quam fortaifis ante operationem nemo olfacere potuit. Profe&o chronico quopiam morbo detenti , fibimetipfis ex eo mortem prxfagire folent ; ta- metfi non hujus , fcd alius prxter fpem fupervenientis atrocitate quam fae- piffime mortalium numero eximantur. Idem noftrx accidiffe , eventus edo- cuit. Utrum atmofphxra calida , an vero vafa fanguifera a ponderofo liquo- re 3f* SCHACHER&c. re liberata fermentationi fanguinis prsedifpofiti malignas occafionem fubmi- niftraverint, jam brevitatis ergo haud inveftigabimus , finem potius huic qualicunque meditationi impofituri. ¥ I N I S. LUDOVICI jrvm. I AAAA Ovaruan /pms&ranac //t /tyt/<t//'</es mu/aatm ■ BB 7///<y/////e/t/////t < >/i ///'/' mcisam e/ / er/t'/tt//x/m. c c c...Jfy</<///'</es varriof ///<ty/ii'///<//'///'s. iiti Vt/sii sti/iy////£n.i per /iyt/t///'t/////i me//t/>/i//ttis t/tspersa. e e e...utperturat /'// ////ey//me////' //c>e/7/>//er/a <~i>//s/>/'c//tv. //// Tt//></> /t///y>A///<e yw//>/7<<' rtisar///// i'/ts/</r, e.r/t'////a/<e, e/e//</a/<r , t//s/'<vstr, e/ a/ •<////' /'/t/ey/////e/t/<> aana&e. GG Z, ty<t///,v//</ uatr/ r<>/7///t/</. H V/er//s. ^B 'i ir Purs //Aer/ /'//<<//'</ <\-///<e t///y//s/t'i>r. K. Oryxttt//// ///<•//' /n/er///////. L Vt/t///n/ ita>ri t/ic/sa er exp/icata. M. T///'./^/t/7/y> ■/'<///,/. I N! 0/</r/////i //</////<///' ///</<///////< /me y<///,/e/ls. . n/sp/e/.JIIe<//'c-P/tic/.Jt>m. IV. SCHACHER DE VIROINE ASCITIC^i . pay. 33 2. » CXXVI. <2> LUDOVICI SALZMANN P M ABSCESSU INTERNO MIRjE MAGNITUDINJS DIGNIS CUM HYDROPE ET ALIIS NOTATU IN MULIERE ARGENTORATI NUPER OBSERVATO. , 4rgcnt. 14. Dec. 1671* JDiJptti. Msdkti-fra^, Tenv IV.' $f. ( 3rr ) tmmmm^^mamismmmmmm^tit]* inH\^mmr»m9*mMmmv^m*mmmrmrxmmmmmm^^mmmmmmm*m**mm*^mma^a^^tmmv^nmm\m\ii \mf\mmu-m hjm. # I 5 T Q R t 4 Anno 167 1. d. 26. April. IN Nofodochio Argentinenfi , ancilla quae aliqnot nobiliodbirs familiis hujus uibis fervitia praeftiterat , annos nata 23. conftitutionis cali- dioris ficciorisque , conquerebatur a tribus jam annis de fupreifione men- fium & facla inde intumefcentia nbdominis , hoc quippe juxta notabiles venas atro & cralfo fanguine refcrtas quas exhibebat , fenfim in tantam excrevit magnitudinem , ut a plurimis ipfa crederetur gravida. Implo- raverat mifera opem medicarum , qui menfes ab initio ob impraegnatio- nis fpeciem & fufpicionem provocare non fuftinebant , poftea ob diutur- nitatem temporis , remota impraegnationis fufpicione fortiora imo fortifli» ma exhibebant medicamenta , quse menfes pellerent, fed in ca(fum labo- rabant , quippe abdomen potius fenfim a finiftro hypogaftrio verfus fini- ftrum hypochondrium magis extendebatur , reliquo corpore fere conta- befcente, ambillare tamen hinc inde poterat , utcunque valebat , vige- bat appetitus. Non conveniebat hactenus inter Medicos , quali morbo haec mifera laboraret. Alij eam judicabant hydropicam , quod quidem ab initio fatis colorata facies , & gracilitas pedum negabant , dum imprimis neque fingularis fitis eam fatigabat. Molam potius adefle credebant alij, verum figna alias molam indicantia , non exacti aderant , nec molam fufpicari conccdebat virginitas quam patiens fandle femper defendebat. Hydropem uteri elfe , (qualem in foemina Argentinenfi Anno 1628- Ma*- tificus Dn. D. Melchior SEBIZIUS Med. Prof. Publ. Senior , Com. Pcilat. Of. £e? Capit. Thomani Pr&pofitus, tit & Civit. Archiater, Vir quem profunda er«- ditio & rara fenedlus ad 94. annos fe extendens admirabilerr? reddit, ob- fervavit cum 76. molis ,) figna diagnoftica multis perfuadefiant. Qui- busdJm tamen abfcelfus quidam piasternaturaiis internus , cujus generis non ita pridem tres infignis magnitudinis in abdomine puellse 3. anno- rum , ex prxclara familia oriundvs fummo cum ftupore ab Kxcellentiifi- mis aliquot Medicis me praefente confpiciebantur , & quales a Cabrolio Obferv. 33. 3 ^. notantur, fufperftus erat. Hae erant Doclorum Conjecturae, certi tamen quid definire nullus andebat , certitucfinem rei ex apertione cadaveris finguli defiderautes j vi- vebat \)xc interm fine notabili mutatione usque dum circa initium Aprilis Anno 1671. glifcente pede cum vehementia in terram ruebat , ex quo lopfu mulcum fenfit incommodi, abdominis enim tumor furgebat altius, ita ut umbilicus totus obiiteraretur, vense in abdomine antea notab les, jam nodofae m majorem extendebantur magnitudinem , fubfequebatur fpi- randi diificultas , pulfus erat parvus , frequens & inse.iuaas , cordis fy~ Yiy % ftolg 3f§ S A L Z M A N N"; ftole & dtaftole fub clavicula finiftra , (hucusque enim protrudebatur cor.) exacte cernebatur. Ventriculus refpuebat omnem cibum , unde intec omnes qui adftabant conveniebat , ipfam paucis diebus eiTc exfyiraturanv fed prteter omnium exfpectationem vitse terminus de d'e in diem protra- hebatur , ingravefcebat indies morbus , tantaque in abdomine ex largo potu rttento coliigebatur copia materiac , ut abdoTnen cum diftcndi am- plius non poilet , mitteret ejus partem ad crura. Sexto igitur a lapfu-die his tumorem inducebat , unde hydrops notabatur, Moriebatur autem die 26". April , Anni hujus labentis l6jr. matutino tempore , quo ipfor die a meridie prsefcntibus Excell. Dnn. Froftjforibus & DD. 1'ralticis nec nonMedicina Studiolis in Nofodochio eadaver apertebatur , focri itaque in dextro hypochondrio levi incifura, profilicbat ex abdomine aqua, qn:e colore , confiftentia & fpuma cereviliam probecoclam scmulabatur, fora- mine diiatato infequebatur puruienta>& focrida materia , imo toue portio-- nes omenti, peffime olentcs: implebat autem ha?c aqua circiter 14. menfuras- Argentinenfes feu \6- lb* Evacuata hac mate: ia & fenfim fubfidentibus par-'- tibus abdominis continentibus, ingens <Sc folidicr fub illis moles obferva- batur, aperiebatur itaque totum abdomen , quo aperto, vah! qux mira iefe ofFerebant , quippe fub inguine finiftro confpiciebatur infignis tumor quem fuae alebant venae, circumjacentibus partibus undique membranis an- nexus , qui vinculis fuis liberatus eximebatur pcndens 6~. lb. civile?. Erat autem tumor ifte congeries plurimorum abfcefluum cyfticorum , quos eommunis involvebat membrana-, horum alii majores erant , minores alii , iinguli qui aperiebantur peculiarem continebant materiam gelatina? fimilemj maximus in duorum pugnorum magnitudinem excreverat , quem materia mucofa albumen ovi referente impletum videbamus , alius m tjj. nitudine ovum excedens melleam continebat mateiiam , alius aibam , glati- cam aiuis , alius fubfufcam , paucis, quot aperiebantur abfceffns , tot diveifa ferC confpic;tbantur contenta , & fubinde novus ablcelfus novam proniebat materiam. Confiderata hac mole etiam in alia inquirebatur ; infinitae erant hinc inde hydatides varisc magnitudinis , aliac enim^d nu- cem juglandem magiv.tudine accedebant, aliae minores inveniebantur. Pe- ritonseum apparebat craiTum inft-ir cutist Omentum pene totum erat con=- fumptum. Ventriculus bene fe habebat , erat autem plane inanis. £0- teftina erant livida , turgebant mirum in modum quafi riftula inflata fuif- fent , colon prarcipue , dmiec adacto cultello inuiitatum exfpir mtia fec- torem concidcbant , membranis prsecer naturam fibi invicem. erant in- fuper annexa. Hepar dextro hypochondrio valide qtioque adhser-bat, ejujqie membr.-na , durn eximebatur a parenchymate fponte ablcedebat » caererum quoad fpeciem fubftam:ae externam bene erat conftuutum. Re- num finiftvr magnitudine fere cum liene certabat. Uterus & vefica nil pra,ter naturam patiebantur. Pancreas duvum erat inftar cartilaginis. Diaphragma ab aquae copia & mole ilia carnea furfum protrufum appa- rebar^. DE ABSCESSU INTERNO&c. ° j^ te&at, ita ut ptcTius fuerit anguftiflimum , remoto fterno etiam in tho- tface aqua •f.mguinolenta putrida invenitb.itur , uti & in pericardto. Pul- mones pleurts firmirer erant affixi. Cordis ventriculus dexter przeter natuiam erat mollis & flaccichjs , qui apertus hydatidibus erat obfelfus. Sanguis totius corporis emt faeculentus , ferolus. Superiores corporis partes macie erant confumptae, inferiores tumidse ob aquarn intus con- tentam. Hac vera eft eorum quae ih hoc fubj^cto obfervavimus relatio , cujus fides ob prsefentiam Clariljimorwn Virorunt,, qui ipfi fingula perluftra- runt & obfervarunt , non vjciil.ibit. Utinam in re tam obfcura & com* prehenfu difficili , in negotio naturse tam fecreto , quantum cognofcunS & admirantur omnes, tam certi eiiemus, de vera rei caufa , quantum jngenio va.ebiraus, auxilio divmo fulti .,.. inquiremus. Q_U JE S T I O E fflum mohs illa infignis in diBx ancilla corpore inventa y.fiierit£ Mola (ein Mutter- Geivikhs). ?.' Mola (fic dida forfan a Mole, quia fceminsc Mblam geftantes mo?fe~ ftum onus fentiunr) in fpecie eft, uti Gorraeus defcribit in defioit. medio». Ciro informis & inutilis in muliebri utero concepta: Hsec interdum rudi-- mentum cujusdam formac obtinet , fed inehoatum duntaxat. Cute vel! inembranis obducitur, intus venis abundat , fine oflibus, fine inteftinis,, fine vifcenbus interdum etiam venis deftitutum ,- ml eft: nili nuriurrv parenchima. In gcnere iVJoIa alia vitalis- eft*, alia vioe expers, vitales- vel carnem informem tantum referunt , interclum venis mtertextam 7> interdum venis dt.ftitutam ! vel varia mentiuntur animalia , la.ertse quip- pe , ferpentes , raiiae & aKa a mulieribus excreta leguntur : Imo huma- nam quoque semulanrur figuram , ceu H pp. I. 2. Emd. fcct. 2. narrat;. Antigenis Uxorem , carnof.un putrum peperitTe, membris quidem & prse- cipuis torporis partibus diftinctum , magnitudine vero quatuor digitos non excedrntem , totumque exolfem. Aiise iterum ratione Subjinntia ex; fanguine funt concrese, alise referunt pultem , nonullse fl'tuolie funr,; aquofse dl ae, aliieexalia conftant materia > ratione Qtuwtitutis aliae majoresj minores a,;as apparent : Numero interdum plures , mterdunv tantum uni- ca -obf rvatur. Cuuja autem hujus erroris natutae (Molarum intellige) eft matcria qtse mhabilis eft , ut inde fcetus f<>rmetur, qnod» materi». Vitmm &cultatetn plafticam , quse per fe perftctum & lauil .bile opus int ndit , imptilit, quo minus finem fuum aifequarur , unde hsec in lo- cum ptrhcti fcetus mo< ftroiam ejusmodl molem producere cogitur, quam inrerdum lolam, inttrdum vero penes laudabilem fcc um elaborar. Ex~ tluditur vero tahs mola vel ante fcctum , quod obfcrvavit Cuilh. Fa- Yy 3 bri- ?,<?8 S A L Z M A N N, frzato. Ceni. 2 Obf ^4.. vel cutti foetu Schenck\. I. 4. OVerv. 199. vei pott raetum, q aod fi<: modo aliquot a partu meniibus , nuno anno uno, mox aliquot annis , rnterdum decem , vigmti , pliirbus annis. Schen. ck^m l. 4. obf. 20^. imo ad finem vitae ii quibusdam retinentur , Sebemk l. c. cetecum Mjlae Iwe folae gsnerentur , five cum foecu , locits genera- tionis ipfi: alius non e(l , quam uterus, & quidem ipfius caviras , Lut- rent. anat. I. %. q t&l. 13. Unde illas excrefcentias quarum Schenckitu l. 4. obf. 227. mentionem fecit , quarum attera extrinfecus matrici adnafoeba- tur , altera vmu* femiuati , rnolas non agnofco. Et fic merito quoque negamus, molem illam in foemiua cujus in cafu noiho mentio facTa prope utcrum inventam , Milam fuilTe , quia in cavitate uteri non hxfit , quipp.i qui in naturati magnitudine conftituuis pyrum ex mino- ribus non excedebat, praeterea ne quidem utero originem fuam debuir, uiero enim nullibi alligata fuit, nec ullo modo eatn ah ipfo g-meratara Vel confervatam fuilTe monftrari potqit. Q.U E S T I O II. An in Firginibus ^? Fiduis cajfis MoU generari pojjint ? Cun mutti curiofi novarumque rerum ftudiofi molem in cafu memo- rato narratam judicaverint Molam efle , & fimui crediderint line femine virili moiam procreari minime poife , foeminse patientis virginitas in du- bium vocari cocpitj placuit itaque hanc quoque quseftionem paucis exa- minare , ut quodammodo intetiigi poifit quid judicandum de mareria pro- pofita. Ad quseftionts autem hujus explicationem neceife eft fcire mate- riam , ex qua producatur Mola,.de qua varias fovent Authores fenten- tiasj rem proponamus diftincTe. Moljc furit vel vene vel falfae. Fa/fas eoncedunt Authores poife generari fine femiue virili. Ver<z moU funt vel viventes vel v;tx expertes j ad viventes credo prauer fanguinem men- ftruum & femen muliebre requiri etiam femen virile , unde talem finc cougreifu maris generari , dicere vix au(]m. Vita carentes coriftant aliac ex fola parenchymatica miteria , negatis venis , & has cx folo fanguing poncretas affirmat , nunquam fitie honoris titulo nominandus Dn. D. Me/chior Sebizius , in Tra&. de nv.dkre Argent. qnx 76. molis fovebat , alierit hoc quoque Mercurialis, nlisc vero prxtcr carnes parenchymaticas ptiam fibris, v.:fis & membranis funt piicditx , quas quia ex duplici ponftant materia, plurimi Auihores dicunt ex duplici quoque produci principio , cx fangyine rrenftruo quoad carnes , ex fcmme vero quoad ifebras & vafa i verum femen non a:ieo necdlarium hic exiftimo, cuni liatura in aliis nwbis rbonftrat fe absque ferriine membranas & veiVaS oroducere, quipDe abrceflus cyflici aluntur per venas, quas natura iplis irn cfiormavit , membrana invc^iuntur quoijite propria , qux cx femine DE ABSCESSU INTERNO &c. 3S9 Ycmihe dcmum fieri vix ullus iffiitrubir. Fiimiter itaque condudere fas erit , neque in mola ad venas a mparandas femen requiri. Si ergo non ftmen deilderatur , ne virili qucque orus erit. Unde tandem videtur poife dici : Ad molam veram viventcm congreffum virilcm expofci , vitse cxpertem autcm , five conftet ex nudo parenchymate five venis fit inter- texta , cum nullo femine nedum virili indigeat , in virginibus & viduis fine virginitatis aut caititatis jaclura poffe gtftari , rectnfet Levin. Lem~ nius l. 4. de occidt. Nat. mirac. c. 19. eveniffe puel'ae nubili, cni dura amafio frui negatum fuerit , illum ammo menteque abfenttm concepiffe, ita ut ex crebra imaginatione maffiim quandam infotmtm conceperit, Tefert quoque S&enefyus l. 4. cbf. 203. ex Afarcell. Donaio. Nobilem muliercm, indubiae honeftatis Matronam , quinquagtfimum fextum an- •num natam, carnofo corporis habitu donatam, cim jam per aliquot an- tios flienftru* purgationes defeciffent , annis 1573. & 1 574. molas plu- tes carnofas edidiffe , quse diligenter eXaminata ie nullum leminis pro- fluvium in fomnis nec ul!am oble&ationem perpeffam affirmavit. Erant autem huic carne» mobe nonnul!«e ad pugni magritudinem, alise mino- res. Hsec fane Excmpla fententiam a me propofitam egregie confirmant. xide infuper Valtfci de Taranta pkiiun. I. -6. c. if. itetn Fuchf. prax. I •C. c. 58. q_u M s t 1 o m. An moles iHa , -qttam negaviwms molam fuiffe , fuerit Abfcejfits. Ad hanc quseftionem folvendam opus erit notare prius , quid pet abfceffum defignent Medici. Infignis autcm in hoc vocabulo Iatet ho- monymia, cujus vitio multos dum fkpius committimus errores, hanc nos primum enarratione removebimus. Prima itaque abfceffus ■fignificatio cft , qua quemcunque tumorem fua fponte fub cute erumpentem denotat, five fuerit phyma five exan- thema , five puftula &c. quam fignificationem vid. ap. Hipp. I. 1. Epid.f I. Secundo fuppurationem indigitat , dicit enim Bipp. in prognqjl. Oedema quod in ventre fatigat, minus facit abfceffum , qiu»m quod m iliis , quem loci m Gal. in Cvmmtnt. 1. th. 41. exponit, ajens. Oedenia non folum citius , fed etiam magis in iliis fuppuratur , propterea quo$ fcdes eft calidior. Tertio abfceffus ap. Bipp. I. 1. Fpidem. Sc&. 2. Morbi in morburn mutationem fignificat , ut cum fit quartana per digreffionem alterius. Quarto. Bippocrati in Coac. prccnot. aph. 2. 6. videtur abfceffus fig- nificare corruptionem , dum ibi pi?efagit Hipp. ad dentis fiderationem, vehemens accedens febris cum delirio mortem minatur. Qiiod fi fer- «/entur jegri , -ulcera pus colligent .& .ofla abfcedent ; .ubi pofterioribus verbis 35o SALZMANN, verbis Anutius Fwfw annotat. h. m. Ulcera autem purulenta offa corrum- punt , unde & fanies emanat , & teftulae & fquamse excidunt, indeque abfcelfum facere dicuntur. Quinto , abfcefTus fieri dictmtur, cum , quac corpore quidem cura aliis pnrnbus conjungebantur , adverfa valetudine contactum amifere, quod obfc-rvatur in fradturis oflium , ulcenbus , fiifis & contufis talem fiipp. itt fr&mt. Coac. aph. foi. notat inquiens, in ftacluris olfium ca- pitis ytvtTcti cL7ro<?ccvtc ty\c o-aoKoc cixo tS o\ea fit abfceffus carnis ab ofle , & hanc fignificationtrfl videtur nos docere etymologia. Ab- fceifus enirfi apud Latinos eit a ve-rbo abfcedere , unde partes antea unitas invicem abfcedere indicat. Graeci vero a-bfcetfum dicunt #Ve<r/u«, quod ut fcribit Gal. ad Glauc. eft «Vo t# d^l^ct^ quod itidem ab- fcedere fignificat. Sexto , Galenia videtur prseter abfceffum, qui per nudam fit abfcef- fionem adhuc alium nobis indigitare , dum /. 2. ad G/attc. c. 7. Ab- ficifum dcfcnbit quod fit talis affectio, in qua invicem diftant, qu« pi ius fe contiugebant corpora , & porro fpatium dicit in medio fieri oportere, quod aliquam fubftantiam fpirituofam vel humidam aut mi- ftam cx utrisque comprchendat. Ditplex autem eft hic abfcelfus dicii- tante Galen. I. meth. med. 14. c. 12. Unus , cum phlegmone in pus verfa, pus ipfura tanquam in finu aliquo eft collectum , qui abfceffus in fpecie phlegmones feu inflammationis nomine venit Medicis , licet Hipp. eurn i*on phlegmonen , fed compofito nomine durum & dolens cxdema appel- let, quod notavit Gal. Comm. I. in Progmjiica Hipp. cap. 13. aph. 33. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'dispadm04unse_17', 'collection': 'Latin-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1758.0', 'title': 'Disputationes ad morborum historiam et curationem facientes / quas collegit, edidit et recensuit Albertus Hallerus.', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Latin', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7657', 'token_count': '16290', '__index_level_0__': '30222', 'original_id': 'e5cce7893bf351228c060122fb99ffc96d03fb921509c69d37a29898f6b7e5ff'} |
Since the first observation of the Glauber dynamics[@b1] in a one-dimensional coordination polymer[@b2], the single-chain magnets (SCMs) named in 2002[@b3] have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential applications in quantum computing, spintronics, and high-density memory devices[@b3][@b4][@b5]. For the rational design of SCMs of high relaxation barrier and high blocking temperature (*T*~B~), strong intrachain magnetic coupling and spin carriers of large magnetic anisotropy are of crucial importance. A variety of SCMs have been synthesized from specific anisotropic metal ion and bridging ligands[@b6][@b7][@b8][@b9][@b10][@b11][@b12][@b13][@b14]. Among all the bridging ligands, the CN group is a very efficient bridge mediating strong magnetic interaction between metal ions and has played a prominent role in the development of SCMs research[@b5][@b15][@b16][@b17][@b18][@b19][@b20]. Following the first cyano-bridged SCM[@b21] reported in 2003, more and more cyano-bridged SCMs have been synthesized and characterize[@b15][@b16][@b17][@b18][@b19][@b20][@b21][@b22][@b23][@b24][@b25].
Octacyanometallates \[M^IV/V^(CN)~8~\]^4−/3−^ (M = Nb, Mo, W) are of great importance in the molecule-based magnets[@b26][@b27][@b28][@b29][@b30]. The stereochemical flexibility of these building blocks facilitates the construction of various topologies and magnetic properties[@b26][@b27][@b28][@b29][@b30]. Compared with the widely studied hexacyanometallates, octacyanometallates possess a slightly weaker coordination ability to the first row transition metal ions, which facilitates the construction of low dimensional magnetic materials. In addition, the more radially extended valence orbitals of the 4d/5d metal centers might efficiently strengthen the exchange interactions[@b31]. However, octacyanometallate-based SCMs are scarcely reported[@b17][@b32][@b33], probably due to the difficulty to effectively control the valence of \[M^IV/V^(CN)~8~\]^4−/3−^ for the design and synthesis of 3d-4d/5d heteronuclear 1D chains.
Although the SCM-based magnets showing both the long range magnetic ordering and SCM behavior have added new aspects to the SCM researches[@b34][@b35], a pure SCM with negligible interchain magnetic interaction is still preferred. Synthetically, in order to isolate the 1D Ising magnetic chains, several strategies have been utilized. Among them, large counter ions are considered preferentially to effectively separate the chains and minimize the interchain interaction. For example, in the famous \[Mn~2~Ni\] SCM family reported by Clérac and Miyasaka *et al.*, the 1D \[Mn~2~Ni\] chains were isolated by various anions such as ClO~4~^−^, PF~6~^−^, BF~4~^−^, ReO~4~^−^, and BPh~4~^−^, leading to the modification of their magnetic properties[@b3][@b34][@b36][@b37]. In 2005, we reported the first SMMs based on the 4d/5d metal centers, namely Co^II^\[Co^II^(CH~3~OH)~3~\]~8~\[M^V^(CN)~8~\]~6~· Solv (M = Mo, W)[@b38]. These SMMs suggested the feasibility of using the Co^II^ ion and the octacyanometallates for the construction of low dimensional magnetic materials of strong magnetic anisotropy. Inspired by aforementioned considerations, we devoted to the preparation of the SCMs using the \[M^V^(CN)~8~\]^3−^ units and sterically bulky cations, such as the Ph~4~P^+^ and Ph~4~As^+^ cations. Here, we report the successful construction of two cyano-bridged 1D ladder chain compounds, or so-called 3, 3-ladder chain[@b39]: (Ph~4~P)\[Co^II^(3-Mepy)~2.7~(H~2~O)~0.3~W^V^(CN)~8~\]·0.6H~2~O (**1**) and (Ph~4~As)\[Co^II^(3-Mepy)~3~W^V^(CN)~8~\] (**2**). As expected, compounds **1** and **2** exhibit SCM behavior with high energy barriers. Most interestingly, both their energy barriers and the blocking temperatures are the highest for all the cyano-bridged SCMs. In addition, the barriers of **1** and **2** are only next to the cobalt(II)-radical compounds[@b40][@b41] reported by Maria G. F. Vaz *et al.* among all SCMs.
Results
=======
Crystal Structures Description
------------------------------
Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that **1** and **2** are isomorphous and crystallized in the triclinic space group ([Supplementary Table S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Both compounds are made up of anionic cyano-bridged Co-W 3, 3-ladder chains running along the *a* axis ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), Ph~4~P^+^ (for **1**) or Ph~4~As^+^ (for **2**) counter cations and lattice water molecules (for **1**). Although **1** and **2** are isomorphous, disorder was only found in **1**. One of the three 3-Mepy ligands of **1** has a site occupancy fact of only 0.7, while the rest 0.3 is occupied by a water molecule. Thus, each Co^II^ center is in a distorted octahedral N~6~ environment with six nitrogen atoms from three \[W^V^(CN)~8~\]^3−^ units and three 3-Mepy (for **1** and **2**) or in a N~5~O environment from two 3-Mepy, one bound water molecule and three \[W^V^(CN)~8~\]^3−^ ions (for **1**). All three coordinated CN groups from \[W^V^(CN)~8~\]^3−^ are in the meridional position of the octahedron. The Co--N or Co--O bond lengths and the N--Co--N or N--Co--O bond angles are all in the normal range for a slightly distorted octahedron ([Supplementary Tables S2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The continuous shape measures (CShMs) relative to the ideal octahedron calculated using the program SHAPE 2.1[@b42] was 0.253 (CoN~6~)/0.282 (CoN~5~O) and 0.236 for the Co^II^ centers of **1** and **2**, respectively. On the other hand, the polyhedral shape around the W centers does not correspond to ideal symmetry and the \[W^V^(CN)~8~\]^3−^ unit shows a distorted dodecahedral configuration (TDD) for both **1** and **2** with the CShMs to be 0.56 and 0.66 ([Supplementary Table S4](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The W--C and C--N bond lengths and the W--C--N bond angles are also consistent with the reported values ([Supplementary Tables S2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
Each \[W^V^(CN)~8~\]^3−^ unit uses only three cyanides groups in a relatively T-shaped position to connect to three neighboring Co^II^ centers, with the intrachain Co--W distances being 5.32, 5.38, 5.38 Å for **1** and 5.34, 5.39, 5.41 Å for **2**, respectively. Bridged by these cyanide groups, a one-dimensional Co--W chain is formed along the *a* axis. Within the chain, both the Co^II^ and W^V^ centers connect to three neighbors and this kind of chain can be described as a 3, 3-ladder with regularly alternating W^V^ and Co^II^ along the edges[@b39]. However, as both the Co--N--C and W--C--N bond angles and the torsion angles of the W--C--N--Co connection deviate from 180° ([Supplementary Tables S2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), the 3, 3-ladders for both **1** and **2** are slightly distorted. Separated by the bulky Ph~4~P^+^ or Ph~4~As^+^ cations and 3-Mepy ligands ([Supplementary Fig. S2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), these chains are well isolated to each other, with the shortest interchain Co···Co, Co···W, and W···W distances being 12.8, 11.1, 12.8 Å for **1** and 13.0, 12.9, 13.0 Å for **2**, respectively. These large distances will efficiently prevent any interchain magnetic coupling and lead to the SCM behavior of these compounds, as described below.
Magnetic Properties
-------------------
Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data for compounds **1** and **2** were measured in the temperature range of 1.8--300 K in a direct current (dc) field of 2 kOe. The *χ*~M~*T* vs *T* plots of **1** and **2** are shown in [Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"} and [Supplementary Fig. S3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. At 300 K, the *χ*~M~*T* values of 3.35 cm^3^ K mol^**−**1^ (**1**) and 3.45 cm^3^ K mol^**−**1^ (**2**) are much higher than the spin-only value of 2.25 cm^3^ K mol^**−**1^ for one isolated W^V^ center (*S* = 1/2) and one isolated high-spin Co^II^ center (*S* = 3/2) with *g* = 2.00, indicating the significant orbital contribution of high-spin Co^II^ in an octahedral configuration. Upon cooling, *χ*~M~*T* increases continuously to a maximum value of 73.17 cm^3^ mol^−1^ K (**1**) and 73.14 cm^3^ mol^−1^ K (**2**) at 14 K, before dropping quickly at lower temperatures. The increase in *χ*~M~*T* with decreasing temperature indicates the intrachain ferromagnetic coupling between W^V^ and Co^II^ centers, which has been reported in other Co^II^-W^V^ systems[@b43][@b44][@b45][@b46][@b47]. The further sharp decrease below 14 K is attributed to a saturation of the *χ*~M~ value and/or zero-field splitting (ZFS) effect, which urged us to explore the possibility of magnetic blocking. The field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization was thus measured at *H*~dc~ = 10 Oe as shown in [Supplementary Figs S4](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S5](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. The ZFC and FC curves diverge at 10.2 and 8.4 K for compounds **1** and **2**, which define the blocking temperatures of these chain compounds.
To verify the dynamics of the magnetization relaxation, ac magnetic measurements were performed on polycrystalline samples of **1** and **2** under a zero dc field with *H*~ac~ = 1 Oe in the frequency range of 1--1500 Hz ([Fig. 3a](#f3){ref-type="fig"}, [Supplementary Figs S6a](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S7](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Below 12 K, the obvious frequency dependence of both in-phase (*χ*~M~′) and out-of-phase (*χ*~M~′′) ac susceptibility was observed as typically observed in SCMs. The Mydosh parameter *φ* = (Δ*T*/*T*)/Δ(log *f*~p~) (where *f*~p~ is the frequency at which a maximum appears in the *χ*~M~′′(*f*) plot[@b12][@b48][@b49], was estimated to be ca 0.13, which falls into the category of superparamagnets (either SMMs or SCMs) and considerably greater than that for a spin glass[@b50][@b51]. Notably, both the peaks of the *χ*~M~′ and *χ*~M~′′ signals are rather broad, indicating the existence of at least two possible relaxation processes. Futhermore, the frequency dependent ac data also show pronounced temperature dependence, from which the semicircular Cole-Cole plots (*χ*~M~′′ vs. *χ*~M~′) were obtained ([Fig. 3b](#f3){ref-type="fig"} and [Supplementary Fig. S6b](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). A generalized Debye mode[@b52] was used to extract the values and distribution of the relaxation time *τ* ([Supplementary Tables 5](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [6](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The obtained α values are 0.35--0.41 and 0.40--0.42 for **1** and **2**, respectively. These values indicated a relatively wide distribution of relaxation times, which might be caused by the variable distributions in chain length and/or interchain magnetic interactions and/or random defects as found in other cases where α ranges from 0 to 0.7[@b53].
For an Ising-like or anisotropic Heisenberg one-dimensional system, the *χ*~M~*T* value in zero applied field is directly proportional to the correlation length *ξ*. Therefore, the *χ*~M~*T* increases exponentially with lowering temperature, following the equation: *χ*~M~*T *≈ *C*~eff~ × exp (Δ~ξ~/*k*~B~*T*)[@b18][@b20][@b54], where *C*~eff~ is the effective Curie constant, and Δ~ξ~ gives an estimation of the intrachain exchange energy cost to create a domain wall along the chain. Thus, provided the 1D nature of compounds **1** and **2** and the presence of significant anisotropy, plots of ln (*χ*~M~′*T*) versus 1/*T* of both compounds should display a linear region, which is actually observed experimentally. As can be seen in the inset of [Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"} and [Supplementary Fig. S3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, the ln(*χ*~M~′*T*) versus *T*^−1^ plots measured at *H*~dc~ = 0 Oe and *H*~ac~ = 1 Oe at a frequency of 1 Hz feature a linear region in the temperature range of 11.6--30 K for both **1** and **2**, yielding Δ~ξ~/k~B~ = 78(0) K and *C*~eff~ = 0.83(1) cm^3^ K mol^**−**1^ for **1**, and Δ~ξ~/k~B~ = 78 (0) K and *C*~eff~ = 0.88 (1) cm^3^ K mol^**−**1^ for **2**, respectively. Below 11.6 K, ln (*χ*~M~′*T*) reaches a maximum and then undergoes a linear decrease with decreasing temperature, which indicates that the correlation length becomes larger than the average distance between two intrinsic defects along the chain, as the interchain interactions are not likely for these well isolated 1D chain[@b19][@b55]. From the activation energy Δ~ξ~, the exchange interaction *J* in the Ising limit can be estimated through the expression Δ~ξ~ = 4\|*J*\|*S*~eff~[@b2][@b54][@b55][@b56]. Assuming the system at low temperature to be an Ising chain with the effective spin approach *S*~Co,\ eff~ = 1/2 and *S*~W~ = 1/2, the intrachain interaction is calculated as *J*/*k*~B~ = 19.5 K for both **1** and **2**. As the Δ~ξ~ depends not only on the exchange interaction (*J*) but also the single-ion anisotropy, the *J* value calculated from the Ising model is a rough estimation.
The Glauber dynamics predicts that the energy barrier for the spin reversal of an ideal Ising chain should be Δ~τ~ = 2Δ~ξ~ for infinite chains and Δ~τ~ = Δ~ξ~ for finite-size chains, where growth of the correlation length is limited by naturally occurring defects[@b57][@b58]. However, for most real SCMs, an anisotropic Heisenberg chain model is more suitable, which takes into account the magnetic anisotropy energy of each magnetic unit[@b59]. As the correlation length *ξ* increases exponentially with a decrease in temperature, the overall energy barrier Δ~τ~ is Δ~τ~ = 2Δ~ξ~ + Δ~A~ for the infinite chain at high temperature and Δ~τ~ = Δ~ξ~ + Δ~A~ for the finite-size chain at low temperature, where Δ~A~ represents the intrinsic anisotropic barrier for the individual spin in the absence of magnetic exchange. This is actually the case for **1** and **2**. From the Arrhenius plots of relaxation times *τ* obtained from the frequency-dependent *χ*~M~′′ peaks, two thermally activated regions were obviously observed above and below the crossover temperatures of *T*\* = 10.4 and 10.8 K for **1** and **2**, respectively. These two regions are corresponding to the infinite-size and finite-size regimes of relaxation, commonly encountered for SCMs. The energy barriers for both of these thermally activated processes were estimated using the Arrhenius law *τ* = *τ*~0~ exp (Δ~τ~/*k*~B~*T*), giving the Δ~τ1~ (*τ*~01~) and Δ~τ2~ (*τ*~01~) as 252(9) K (1.5(2) × 10^**−**13 ^s) and 169(2) K (4.6(1) × 10^**−**10^ s) for **1** and 224(7) K (6.3(2) × 10^**−**13^ s) and 154(1) K (4.0(1) × 10^**−**10^ s) for **2**, respectively ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). To ensure the integrity of data, all the peak values of compound **1** ([Fig. 4a](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) were read from the data of ac susceptibility ([Fig. 3a](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). However, as the peak of 11.4 K is too broad to read accurately, the first spot was excluded in the fitting process. Remarkably, the barriers of 252(9) and 224(7) K observed for **1** and **2** are among the highest for single-chain magnets. The radical bridged chain compounds, \[Co(hfac)~2~PyNN\]~n~[@b40] and \[Co(hfac)~2~NaphNN\]~n~[@b41], were reported to display a relaxation barrier of (396 ± 13) K and (398 ± 14) K, respectively. As such, to the best of our knowledge, the energy barriers of compounds **1** and **2** set the new records for cyano-bridged SCMs and are preceded only by these two Co^II^-radical compounds among all SCMs. Obviously, for **1** and **2** in both the infinite-size and the finite-size regimes, Δ~τ1~ is larger than 2Δ~ξ~ and Δ~τ2~ is larger than Δ~ξ~. From these values, the intrinsic anisotropic barrier Δ~A~ can be estimated either by Δ~A~ = Δ~τ1~ − 2Δ~ξ~ or Δ~A~ = Δ~τ2~ − Δ~ξ~. The obtained values are 96 or 91 K for **1**, and 68 or 76 K for **2**, respectively.
Furthermore, the slow magnetic relaxation of both **1** and **2** were confirmed by the observation of the magnetization hysteresis loops. The loops were firstly measured on the polycrystalline samples at different temperatures and depicted in [Fig. 5a](#f5){ref-type="fig"} and [Supplementary Fig. S8a](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. At 1.8 K, the largest magnetization values at 70 kOe, 2.76 *Nμ*~B~ (**1**) and 2.75 *Nμ*~B~ (**2**), are significantly lower than the estimated saturation value of 3.2 *Nμ*~B~ for the effective spin approach *S*~Co,eff~ = 1/2, *g*~Co~ = 13/3[@b60][@b61], and *g*~W~ = 2, *S*~W~ = 1/2 indicating the significant magnetic anisotropy[@b34][@b49][@b54]. Obvious hysteresis loops can be observed below 5 K, with the coercive field of 11.5 kOe for **1** and 9.9 kOe for **2** at 1.8 K. Fortunately, although the single crystals of **1** and **2** are not big enough for the magnetic measurement on one single crystal, these strip-like single crystals grow parallel and form a bundle of about 1.0 × 1.5 × 6.5 mm ([Supplementary Fig. S9](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), which is suitable for the anisotropic measurement. By the face index of the crystal ([Fig. 6](#f6){ref-type="fig"}), we can see that the long edge of the crystal strip (and thus the long side of the crystal bundle) is along the *a* axis, which is parallel to the direction of the 3, 3-ladder. Thus, the anisotropic magnetization measurements were performed with the dc field applied parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the 3, 3-ladder. As can be seen from the loops at 1.8 K ([Fig. 5b](#f5){ref-type="fig"} and [Supplementary Fig. S8b](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), strong magnetic anisotropy of both compounds is reflected incisively and vividly. When the field is applied along the chain direction, the saturated magnetization value is much lower and exhibits a very large hysteresis loop with a coercive field of *H*~c~ = 26.2 kOe for **1** (22.6 kOe for **2**) and a remnant magnetization of *M*~r~ = 1.28 *Nμ*~B~ for **1** (1.27 *Nμ*~B~ for **2**) at 1.8 K. With the field being perpendicular to the chain direction however, the compounds are quite easily magnetized. At 1.8 K, *M* reaches 3.4 *Nμ*~B~ at 70 kOe (3.9 *Nμ*~B~ for **2**) with *H*~c~ = 12.5 kOe for **1** (7.9 kOe for **2**) and *M*~r~ = 3.1 *Nμ*~B~ for **1** (3.6 *Nμ*~B~ for **2**). This behavior is consistent with the ferromagnetic coupling between Co^II^ and W^V^ centers[@b43][@b60][@b61][@b62]. The observation of the loops clearly shows the substantial slow magnetic relaxation, indicative of a "magnetic memory" of both compounds **1** and **2**.
In summary, two unique cryano-bridged 3, 3-ladder were synthesized from the anisotropic Co^II^ center, the octacyanotungsten, and two bulky counter cations. Because of the intrachain ferromagnetic interaction, strong magnetic anisotropy, as well as the well isolation of individual chains, these 1D compounds behave as single-chain magnets with record high spin reversal barriers (252(9) and 224(7) K) for the cyano-bridged SCMs. Furthermore, hysteresis loops can be observed for both compounds below 5 K with large coercivities of 26.2 and 22.6 kOe at 1.8 K. Efforts to extend this synthetic strategy towards other SCMs using the 4d/5d cyanometallates and other anisotropic metal centers with higher energy barriers and blocking temperatures are underway.
Methods
=======
Materials
---------
All of the reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received. The complex Cs~3~\[W(CN)~8~\]·2H~2~O was prepared by reported procedures[@b63][@b64].
Caution! Although no problems were encountered in the preparation of the following complexes, in the acidic reaction conditions, suitable precautions should be taken when handling potentially poisonous compounds. It is of the utmost importance that all preparations should be performed and stored in well-ventilated areas.
Synthesis of 1
--------------
Single crystals of **1** were achieved by the slow diffusion of the reactants in the presence of the bulky Ph~4~P^+^ and Ph~4~As^+^ cations in H-shaped tube. 3-methylpyridine (0.5 mmol, 46.5 mg) was added dropwise into a stirred aqueous solution (2.5 mL) of CoCl~2~·6H~2~O (0.25 mmol, 59 mg), and Ph~4~PCl (0.25 mmol, 94 mg) was added after 30 minutes. Then the solution was carefully added to one side of an H-shaped tube. The other arm contained an aqueous solution (2.5 mL) of Cs~3~\[W(CN)~8~\]·2H~2~O (0.125 mmol, 103.5 mg). A methanol-water (v/v, 1:3) mixture was used as a buffer between the two arms. The dark red strip single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction of **1** were obtained. Elemental analysis (%): Calcd. for C~48.2~H~40.7~N~10.7~O~0.9~CoWP: C 54.72, H 3.88, N 14.17; found: C 54.45, H 4.10, N 14.33%. IR: *ν*(RO--H) 3407.7(w), *ν*(C--H~py~) 3026.8(w), 1107.5(vs), *ν*(C--H~Me~) 2923.1(w), *ν*(C≡N) 2146.0(w), *ν*(C=C, C=N) 1583.4(m), 1483.5(s), 1439.5(s).
Synthesis of 2
--------------
The synthesis of compound **2** is analogous to that of **1** but using Ph~4~AsCl (0.25 mmol, 105 mg) instead of Ph~4~PCl. The dark red strip block crystals of **2** suitable for single-crystal X-ray analysis were obtained after 4 weeks. Elemental analysis (%): Calc. for C~50~H~41~N~11~CoWAs (**2**): C 53.93, H 3.71, N 13.84. Found: C, 54.09; H, 3.82; N, 13.43. IR: *ν*(RO--H) 3411.3(w), *ν*(C--H~py~) 3081.1(w), 1109.2(vs), *ν*(C--H~Me~) 2922.6(w), *ν*(C≡N) 2145.6(w), *ν*(C=C, C=N) 1579.4(s), 1482.9(s), 1439.7(vs).
X-ray Crystallography
---------------------
Crystallographic data of compounds **1** and **2** were collected on Photon100 CMOS detector and Bruker Smart CCD area-detector diffractometer with *Mo-Kα* radiation (*λ* = 0.71073 Å) by using an *ω* scan mode at 123 K and 296 K, respectively. The diffraction data were treated using SAINT[@b65], and all absorption corrections were applied by using SADABS[@b66]. All non-hydrogen atoms were located by Patterson method[@b67] using the SHELXS programs of the SHELXTL package and subsequent difference Fourier syntheses. Hydrogen bonded to carbon were determined theoretically and refined with isotropic thermal parameters riding on their parents. H-atoms of water and methanol were first located by difference Fourier E-maps and then treated isotropically as riding. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined by full-matrix least-squares on *F*[@b2]. All calculations were performed by SHELXTL-97[@b68][@b69].
Measurements
------------
The IR spectra were carried out with a Nexus 870 FT-IR spectrometer using KBr pellets in the range of 400--4000 cm^**−1**^. Elemental analyses of C, H, N were recorded on a PerkinElmer 240 C elemental analyzer. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, the zero-field cooled magnetization and field-cooled magnetization, the anisotropy measurement at 1.8 K and AC magnetic susceptibility were measured using a Quantum Design MPMS-XL7 superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Magnetization hysteresis loop at 1.8--10 K from 7 to −7 T and back were measured using an eicosane-constrained sample to prevent sample torquing on a Quantum Design VSM SQUID magnetometer. Experimental susceptibilities were corrected for the diamagnetism estimated Pascal′s tables and for sample holder by previous calibration.
Additional Information
======================
**Accession codes:** Crystallographic data for the structural analysis of the compounds have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, under CCDC no. 1419479 (**1**) and 1419480 (**2**). These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www. ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.
**How to cite this article**: Wei, R.-M. *et al.* Single-Chain Magnets Based on Octacyanotungstate with the Highest Energy Barriers for Cyanide Compounds. *Sci. Rep.* **6**, 24372; doi: 10.1038/srep24372 (2016).
Supplementary Material {#S1}
======================
###### Supplementary Information
This work was supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program (2013CB922102), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21171089, 21471077, 21571097 and 21522103), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20130054 and BK20150017), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
**Author Contributions** R.-M.W. and Y.S. conceived the project. R.-M.W., F.C. and J.L. planned and implemented the synthesis and measured the magnetic properties. Y.H., L.Y. and X.-L.Z. helped to analyze the data. Z.Z. performed the X-ray diffraction studies. R.-M.W., Y.S. and X.-Y.W. wrote the manuscript with contributions from the co-authors. Y.S. and X.-Y.W. supernvised the project.
{#f1}
{#f2}
{#f3}
{#f4}
{#f5}
{#f6}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c48ff5133fc64d95277653dfc53cb65054a2ee5e1d61f1086d242923a1b4d726'} |
WASHINGTON, DC: Global Tassels is a philanthropic organization based out of Washington D.C. with the self-proclaimed “twin-goal” of providing education and social service.
The entity’s driving mission is to mitigate worldwide poverty by offering a cost free, U.S.-based education to “student leaders” who are chosen from international regions affected by long-term underdevelopment. In other words, Global Tassels intends to alleviate the onset of widespread poverty by means of propagating higher education
Once the foundation’s educational program inevitably emerges from its pilot stage, student leaders from around the world will be chosen to attend any of the various U.S. academic institutions that the organization is currently negotiating with; subsequent to the receipt of an American diploma student leaders will be repatriated and duly tasked with affecting positive social change back home.
Dr. Elvin T. Ramos — Global Tassels’ founder, president, and CEO — has spearheaded the foundation’s steady emergence with the help of a dedicated team of likeminded humanitarians.
“The first motivation behind [Global Tassels] is my passion for education. The second regards international development that is ultimately centered on new, sustainable development goals,” Ramos told The American Bazaar in a phone interview.
During the conversation, Ramos made a point of touching specifically on Global Tassels’ blueprint for India, which is one of the nations that falls under the foundation’s overarching purview.
Excerpts from the interview with Dr. Ramos:
How has your organization implemented its strategy in India?
We took a visit to New Delhi in December of 2014. Global Tassels started in May 2014 so we went immediately when we had the chance. We returned to Delhi in July of last year and have plans to go back to Delhi this summer again.
As far as how we cultivated the organization structure is ultimately based on a partnership. People who we know here have given us some leads to work with institutions such as the YMCA and YWCA in Delhi, and we’re quite proud of what they’re doing over there.
The YWCA is a very active institution that promotes academic programs and activities to get engaged in poorer areas surrounding Delhi. The institution has helped us and introduced us to different professionals as well as leaders of NGOs.
We have had opportunities to expand based on our visit; because of that we’ve had leaders amongst the governing body of the YMCA connect us with communities throughout the slum areas of Delhi and the work that they’re doing there, whether it’s providing education, women’s empowerment, or food.
Last year we interviewed about five students from Delhi — a shortlist, but there were many who were nominated. We are very hopeful that we can continue to go back to Delhi and eventually other parts of India.
We have a strategy for India where we want to market and promote ourselves so that we can provide scholarships for more students who are in need.
We’re starting in Delhi because we want to make sure that we’re at the heart of the country and also because most of our partners living in India are located in the capital.
In your opinion, how does India compare to other nations in terms of poverty and lack of academic opportunity?
I do think that compared to the other countries that we’ve been in — Guatemala, the Philippines, Ivory Coast, Columbia, and Haiti — India is quite different. Although there is a significant amount of people in India who are in need, I do think that our experience in India gave us the opportunity to understand Indian culture and that folds into giving India our passion.
In my experience talking to students in India — they’re quite visionary. They want to do new things and really innovative things when it comes down to putting themselves in the position to help their community. I think they are open to the world, they are knowledgeable about what’s going on around them, what’s going on in India. With India being a leader in terms of population growth, I think they understand that once they get the education that they need, they will play a role in how India will become a leading country economically, socially, and politically over the next five to ten years.
How do you envision student leaders alleviating localized poverty once repatriated?
In India specifically, I think there are many pockets of communities that are in need. These communities are eager to learn about the world. Whether that might be based off technology, or ideology, or other things that are happening, I envision that whomever we choose in India, these student leaders will come back to their communities and really share their experience by creating or implementing a project with us and other supporters sponsoring and financing the project.
It would give hope, and for me the most important thing is the ability to say that they also have an opportunity outside of the situation they are currently living in. In addition to that I would really like to see student leaders be role models to the youth as well as to the other individuals living in their communities while providing access to education, providing empowerment for young girls, and being on the front lines of employment and human rights.
Eligible candidates can apply for this exam via online mode only at the official website of JNTU. Wikimedia Commons
The tentative date for the commencement of AP EAMCET 2018 application process is the second week of February
Candidates can apply for more than one course but only a single application can be submitted by a candidate for the Engineering, Medical and Agricultural courses
Applicants should make sure that they fulfil all the eligibility criteria and then only should proceed with the application process
The application form for AP EAMCET 2018 is going to be released shortly by JNTU. Eligible candidates can apply for this exam via online mode only at the official website of JNTU. The official dates for the application procedure have not been announced yet, however, the tentative date for the commencement of application process is the second week of February and candidates will be able to fill the form till the fourth week of March 2018.
Candidates can apply for more than one course but only a single application can be submitted by a candidate for the Engineering, Medical and Agricultural courses. The application process has four steps: payment of application fees, filling the form with required details, uploading scanned images and printing the filled out form after submission. Students failing to submit the application until the last date will be able to submit the form only after paying late fees ranging from INR 500 to 10,000.
Candidates will be able to make modifications or corrections in their respective forms from April. They must make sure that the correction window will be active for a limited time period only. Upon successful registration, candidates can avail their admit cards from April.
Before filling the application form for AP EAMCET, applicants must ensure that they are ready with all the important documents including Aadhar Card Number, Date of birth, Hall Ticket number of Qualifying Examination, Hall Ticket number of SSC or equivalent examination, Caste Certificate (SC/ST/OBC candidates), PH, NCC, Sports etc., Annual Income of parents, Study or Residence or relevant certificate for proof of local status (12 years), Credit card/ Debit card/ Net Banking details.
Students are allowed to modify/ rectify some information but not all on the application form. Wikimedia Commons
Applicants should make sure that they fulfil all the eligibility criteria and then only should proceed with the application process. The online application process for AP EAMCET is carried out in 4 important steps. First, the application fee of INR 450 for one course and INR 900 for both the courses has to be paid in the online mode through credit card/ debit card/ net banking and the fee amount depends on the course applied for.
After fee payment, candidates can proceed to fill up the application form which includes candidates’ personal and academic details, qualifying examination details, details needed for common entrance test, the preferred location for exam centre – primary district, secondary district and preference of 3 cities to be chosen from options in each district.
After filling the form, candidates have to upload the scanned copy of a recent passport size photograph and scanned copy of the signature which should be maximum 30 KB and 15 KB respectively. Make sure that both of these are in JPG format. After filling the application form and uploading the required documents, candidates should verify that all the input details are correct and finally submit the form.
JNTU provides the facility to make corrections or modifications in the application form. But, only students who submitted the application form within the last date will be able to avail this facility. The correction window will be made active online only for a limited time period.
However, students are allowed to modify/ rectify some information but not all on the application form. To rectify the details that are not allowed to be modified, students have to submit a special written request along with relevant documents and the filled out application form and send all those via email.
Details that can be altered include that of the qualifying examination, personal details, details of the study and the applicants’ address. However, there are certain fields which cannot be modified and these include stream, candidates’ name, signature, photograph and qualifying exam hall ticket number. So, fill all these details accurately else a special request will have to be made along with submission of valid documents and has to be sent via email to the concerned authorities. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '304dad2776ae3f495adeb35aa338b58b2c0713d4cf57e3c19c40bbf12a5410ed'} |
Need Advice..New system trimmer hedger
Discussion in 'Lawn Mowing' started by intravino, Feb 13, 2010.
1. brucec32
brucec32 LawnSite Platinum Member
Posts: 4,403
We might not have to waste our time listening to the girls squabbling if this thread were moved to the HOMEOWNER FORUM where it belongs. : )
2. Lazer_Z
Lazer_Z LawnSite Silver Member
from NJ
Posts: 2,579
He's a homeowner asking about a commercial piece of equipment, where is that wrong? How many people in that part of LS will know the difference in machines and what they are capable of? As of this post I'm done with this thread, I've stated what I know and that's that, I thought it was the dang 12 year old kids that run a multimillion dollar a year operation that were screwing up LS, it's clearly not.......
3. diyer999
diyer999 LawnSite Member
Posts: 121
Hey Intravino,:waving:
I dont have a problem bashing Stihl for what they need to be bashed about. Having read your question, I will offer my thoughts. And since your post is 2 years old now, then perhaps another home owner with the same situation can use the information. I have the same problem, low hedges and very tall ones too. I had to purchase several tools to save time and frustration, but not all at once. The crux of the problem is this: If you have to pay full retail price for the tools you need but you only do this periodically, then it is far more expensive for you than for a landscaper who is making money using tools. You get no return on your investment and you are forced to think in terms of one tool to do it all. There is no such tool. For example, I fix my own vehicles, but it just isnt possible to do that with just a crescent wrench. Regardless of the trade or the job at hand, you need the same tools that pros need but you just dont need them as often. Once I realized that, I gave up on the multi-tool-five-tools-in-one idea, the freakin Swiss Army knife theory. All that changin this and changin that, on and off all the time, gets old real quick. And they dont work as well as dedicated single purpose tools.
First off, I would NOT under any circumstances trust what LaserZ advised. I asked a question one time and Alan0354 was the only person who even remotely paid attention to what I was inquiring about. My experience with this site is that the majority of people will answer a technical question with brand suggestions. Internet sites are mostly marketing opportunities for sponsors and their followers. More often than not you will hear Stihl and Amsoil being mentioned as if they are the magical solution to every problem. Nothing could be further from the truth. Sitting back and reading the replies, Alan answered your question with more objective analysis, whereas, LaserZ just jumped on it with brand loyalty. I mean think about it Intravino, really, what do you think a Chevy dealer is going to tell you about a Chevy and a Ford. Do you really think he will advise you not to buy that Chevy but to go buy the better Ford model across the street? LaserZ cannot see the forest from the trees. I'm not saying that Stihl is the worst choice, you could do much worse, but only that thinking brand first is not the best approach to get the truth.
Alan is saying he doubts a short reach pole hedge trimmer will take care of the really tall stuff without a ladder. THAT is 100% true. It just depends on the height of the hedge, NOT the brand. If the hedge gets high enough, even the longest pole hedge trimmer will not reach the top, no matter what brand it is. What if they grow to 20 ft -- your gonna need a ladder, or something else besides the trimmer -- [think cherry picker]. My point is that if you have hedges that are just too tall or too numerous, you might be better off getting rid of them.
You would not want to do this job with "any" brand of long reach hedge trimmer, I dont care if Stihl gave you theirs for free: :
All of the [major] brands will offer at least one tool that will do part of what you need to do, and do it well. But no brand has one tool that will do it all. You know what they say about a jack of all trades and a master of none. The hedge does not know what brand you are using -- its absurd, forget thinking brand, listen to Alan. It may end up being a Stihl but dont start your search blind to all possibilities. And dont buy into this professional thing, there is no such thing. Few professionals are competent [13% at most] anyway, they are too busy taking the time to earn a living and just cannot spend the time on anything like a do-it-your-selfer can. I cant express that point enough. If you have the time you can do a much better job at anything better than a professional will ever do -- they have to watch the clock, you dont!
You mentioned low end vs, commercial. Forget consumer brands of anything ever, if at all possible. Dont ever consider Black & Decker anything. Think commercial always: Redmax, Husqvarna, Maruyama, Tanaka, Kawasaki, Honda -- those brands first, because they believe in using lots of bearings and two piston rings, and they are proven to be more reliable and durable as a result. Then secondly consider Stihl, Shindaiwa, or Echo. Its being reported that Stihl is starting to use single ring pistons, so check into that. Dont trust what salesman tell you. Echo and Shindaiwa use single ring pistons in everything, and they also use less bearings in their newest products.
The main issue with Stihl is their trying to monopolize and create proprietary tools. Several other companies have done that, like IBM, Mercedes-Benz, Microsoft, AT&T. They failed to a great extent because they force you back to the dealership for everything, eliminating the aftermarket as much as possible. People resent that, I resent that, and you are better off not listening to anyone telling you this or that brand is the best. Decide what you need before you consider any brands.
Another issue for me with Stihl is you cant see parts breakdowns online, or get other detailed information you need on Stihl products. Is Stihl using bearings or as many of the same quality as the other mfrs are? Will a Stihl salesman lie to me about that? Do I have to buy it to find out? Go to the Stihl website and you tell me -- you cant because they wont let you see that. To me that is hiding critical pre-sales information, and I almost never choose a Stihl product because of that single fact. It bites Stihl in the ass everytime.
Most people need to be able to "easily" work on their own stuff sooner or later. Guys want to do that, its a great feeling. Stihl makes it very hard to do that. That is what I resent the most. Concerning other issues, many landscapers have told me that they have more problems getting Stihl equipment to start than they do with the other commercial brands like. I have a Stihl string trimmer and it has not run for the last 5 years. I have recently taken the piston out to clean out the carbon (stuck rings low 75 psi compression), still wont start, now I have the carb off, cleaned it and we'll see, but none of the other tools have acted like that. It even has spark but still wont run. Its by far the most troublesome piece of equipment I own.
But I still consider the Stihl brand every time I need a new tool, because there are far worse products out there. Imagine a no name worst of China made string Trimmer from eBay -- what a freakin nightmare that would be! So, what I mean by all this, is that although I consider Stihl, I usually end up with either a Redmax, Honda, Husqvarna, Maruyama, Kawasaki, or Tanaka, not in any particular order. They are far more open about what they produce and dont hide crucial details. But I still think need first, before brand. It is usually just too time consuming to get any details about the Stihl tool, and I dont even consider Echo or Shindaiwa anymore, since they abandoned the two ring piston, and using lots of bearings. And with all the hiding this and that I have given up on Stihl too; with one exception, their expensive high end chainsaws made in Germany. Stihl has more knowledge about chains than others and that is the one Stihl exception for me. Of course Jonsered and Husqvarna are good too, but its just a hunch on going with Stihl chains, they make their own chains, I like that. Chainsaws are Stihl's long time bread and butter product.
I have owned Stihl, Echo, Redmax, Honda, Husqvarna, almost some Maruyama and Kawasaki tools, as well as, Poulon Pro, Black & Decker, Homelite, Craftsman, Troybilt, etc, and other lower end brands. I like Weedeater the best out of the low end brands, and usually Redmax for most high end stuff. But it really depends on the tool I need. I consider everything, price, warranty, country of origin, design, reviews, durability, reliability, model considered, etc. Redmax recently woke up and now offer a 4 yr warranty for residential, but I resent having to pay a fee for that. I love the Maruyama 5 yr commercial warranty, but cannot find the product locally, no dealers will carry it, and they say parts take months to get, but I like them on paper. Kawasaki of course, great engines, but I'm told the non engine parts have problems. Honda is limited to a heavy 4 stroke blower and trimmers. Husqvarna is a global giant, beyond landscaping and into farming and forestry tools. They know a thing or two, and smartly purchased Redmax for their awesome Strato charged engine that everyone is trying to copy without actually getting caught doing that.
I would advise you to stay away from the hybrid combo ****, part 2 cycle part 4 cycle. They are all junk pure and simple, just a dumb design, a waste of time -- wait until you have to fix one yourself. I would go 4 cycle before considering a hybrid.
Btw, since your OE post, you may have gotten a Stihl system or single Stihl products. You could do much worse. Btw # 2, I wouldnt touch a certain model Redmax trimmer that is made in China. It is a consumer grade model and I'm hearing it is a real POS, and personally I am a Redmax lover. I dont like China anything except women and food. Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, US, makes the good stuff.
But dont think brand first, think need first. For example, if I was a very tall person and needed a string trimmer, I would first be checking out that 71" shaft Tanaka. Pole Saw, now you want to think Stihl. Brushcutter, Husqvarna for sure. Blowers, Redmax always.
Alan wont steer you wrong. I needed a trimmer years ago and he got me asking all the correct questions. He got a Maruyama which I also liked but was not able to get, so I ended up with a very heavy Redmax. Its a beast, will run for 30 years, but it is not enough so, I am getting two more trimmers. That Stihl model the other guy recommended maybe be ok, but I just didnt like his attitude, salesmanship, and brand pushyness -- he wasnt even willing to consider anything else or discuss it with you.:hammerhead:
PS. If you want true commercial level quality, start thinking Redmax, Husqvarna, Maruyama. :weightlifter::cool2::walking::clapping::dancing::drinkup::laugh::laugh::laugh:
Share This Page | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.965474247932434}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '132370', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6AX4DXR7AG2USLIN4WV2V6VL224CE72W', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:12ceb60a-3526-45f5-a422-8bc39872982d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 3, 46, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '108.170.15.203', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IHG4YZHIFUM7K75YCGD3BO5PHF3KS3P7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6540a8e0-8caf-4b61-92b3-1a0b9d9e04af>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.lawnsite.com/threads/need-advice-new-system-trimmer-hedger.304819/page-2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b836d96b-1bbc-4f01-bb8a-a87ab0a467ba>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1995', 'url': 'http://www.lawnsite.com/threads/need-advice-new-system-trimmer-hedger.304819/page-2', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.027041196823120117', 'original_id': '100897ddf3fb61971eb1d46c358b0e4c85d50ca470a179375c35622caf523a80'} |
Tell me more ×
I have a bit of a problem, I'm trying to play Tibia on my 11.10 installation and I get the following error:
./Tibia: error while loading shared libraries: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
All I used to do to play was download, extract and run the game. I'm running a 64bit installation of 11.10.
Any ideas?
Here's the output to ldd on the file:
amatteo@adrian-Ubuntu:~/Tibia$ ldd ./Tibia => (0xf76e1000) => /usr/lib32/nvidia-current/ (0xf75f8000) => not found => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf74c1000) => /lib32/ (0xf74b8000) => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf73cd000) => /lib32/ (0xf73a3000) => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf7385000) => /lib32/ (0xf720a000) => /lib32/ (0xf71ef000) => /usr/lib32/nvidia-current/tls/ (0xf71ec000) => /usr/lib32/nvidia-current/ (0xf58db000) => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf58c8000) => /lib32/ (0xf58c2000) => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf58a3000)
/lib/ (0xf76e2000) => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf589f000) => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ (0xf5898000)
I made a search for and it was found in /usr/lib and in /usr/lib32
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
According to dpkg -S, you need to install either ia32-libs or libglu1-mesa package:
$ dpkg -S
ia32-libs: /usr/lib32/
ia32-libs: /usr/lib32/
libglu1-mesa: /usr/lib/
libglu1-mesa: /usr/lib/
I'd recommend you to go with libglu1-mesa, because ia32-libs is combined library package, and it's quite a big.
In other words:
sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa
share|improve this answer
Please note, dpkg output is from 10.04, but the same should be applicable for 11.10 as well. – Andrejs Cainikovs May 23 '12 at 17:58
If you don't know what to do with the commands in the answer, you may press CTRL+ALT+T and then type the command(Or paste with right-click>PASTE as Terminal uses Ctrl_V for something else.) In this case, it's the last but of text in the gray box. – hexafraction May 23 '12 at 20:44
I made a search for in /usr/lib and it's there, it's also in /usr/lib32 so i don't know what's wrong! – Adrian Matteo May 27 '12 at 21:16
The solution was close, but libglu1-mesa was already installed so I installed ia32-libs and it worked! – Adrian Matteo May 28 '12 at 0:06
add comment
With recent versions of Ubuntu you can get away with just:
$ sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa:i386
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '44', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8409674763679504}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '53897', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:POXJH4HZ5WCR7QTCOGYWM7H6LSKBD2QN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b8a5cdcb-3921-43e9-b9e3-e230af19c990>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 9, 2, 36, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.206.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XUS2W3PYFDW4HO2IOM7UHZDLNGDTSE2Q', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:56b05a08-1c1d-4a7f-bfce-486aa1d9e22d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://askubuntu.com/questions/141293/tibia-error-on-ubuntu-11-10-64bit', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:49090a2c-ac1c-454c-9a9b-668f44aab2be>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '338', 'url': 'http://askubuntu.com/questions/141293/tibia-error-on-ubuntu-11-10-64bit', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02894723415374756', 'original_id': '855a8835bfcf00ec4253440264c07de905a3511a36eb4a035113f9b5a8bc24f1'} |
Woman stabbed to death trying to give panhandler money
BALTIMORE, Maryland -- A woman in Baltimore was fatally stabbed when she rolled down her window to give a panhandler money.
Police say Jacquelyn Smith, 54, walked into a hospital with a stab wound to her chest late Friday night. Doctors were unable to save her life.
Investigators tell WMAR-TV, Smith and her family were driving when they noticed a woman who looked about 20 years old. She was carrying a baby, or had something wrapped up to look like a baby, and was holding a cardboard sign that said, "Please help me feed my baby."
Smith, who was in the passenger seat, rolled down her car window so that she could give the woman some money and, at that moment, a man approached the car.
The male suspect then reached in to grab the Smith's wallet, which is when a struggle began. Police say the man stabbed Smith in the torso before he and the woman who was holding the sign ran away.
Police are now searching for the two people involved, and cautioning residents to be aware of their surroundings. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9866935014724731}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '212442', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DRPEHHXINA2H2Z3AHMPUJ5MVYGSI5HWU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:05b54df0-995e-4185-8f75-b6c0c8aee08e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 12, 11, 45, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.32.181.47', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OACFMOEFRTY24VV3L5KZGZNTSCJQFHES', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2328d84e-b1e5-4497-b2d6-83b656c15c79>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://abc13.com/woman-stabbed-to-death-trying-to-give-panhandler-money/4822527/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:53790f04-e5da-44f8-a6b7-94dce54f3940>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '189', 'url': 'https://abc13.com/woman-stabbed-to-death-trying-to-give-panhandler-money/4822527/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-81.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.13454264402389526', 'original_id': 'd0538ad6c7c1076b50262e67f80efe3194698466db373c8d906782b9b523605e'} |
MILWAUKEE -- Reds manager Dusty Baker has been careful not to assume his team will clinch the National League Central. And that includes how he parcels days off to regular players. He isn't resting many players for now.
"I think that's the wise thing to do," Baker said on Monday. "You've got to cross the finish line before you start thinking about the next race. This is a strange game and strange things have happened. You don't want one of those strange things to happen to you."
Baker has selectively given breaks like those to Jonny Gomes on Saturday and Brandon Phillips on Thursday, and he plans on not having center fielder Drew Stubbs in Tuesday's lineup.
"The one real guy that hasn't had a break that probably really needs a break at this time is Joey Votto," Baker said. "It's hard when you're going for the batting title and all these other titles he's going for, too."
Phillips still trying to shake off recent slump
MILWAUKEE -- No matter what manager Dusty Baker has tried, the slump following Reds second baseman Brandon Phillips has been tough to break.
Baker talked hitting philosophy with Phillips. He gave him a day off on Thursday. So far, no dice.
Since being drilled on his right hand by a pitch on Aug. 25 at San Francisco, Phillips came into Monday batting .132 (9-for-68). He had only three hits in his previous 37 at-bats. Is it the hand, or is it more than that?
"It started out with his hand and went into pitch selection," Baker said. "And then it went into hitting the ball hard and not getting to show for it. As long as he is hitting the ball hard and keeps hitting the ball hard -- you'd like him to mix in some walks somewhere. And that goes back to pitch selection sometimes."
Heisey back on the field after left triceps strain
MILWAUKEE -- With his left triceps strain mended, Chris Heisey started for the Reds for the first time since Sept. 12. The right-handed-hitting Heisey played right field for lefty hitter Jay Bruce on Monday against the Brewers and southpaw Chris Capuano.
"The last two or three days, I've been back to normal," Heisey said. "I've never had anything like that before. It was more scary because I didn't want anything to tear, but I'm back to normal."
Heisey has been struggling of late. When he filled in for an injured Bruce, he batted .200 (9-for-45) over a 12-game stretch. Overall, he came in batting .247 with seven home runs and 16 RBIs.
Worth noting
Reds starting pitchers entered Monday with a 2.92 ERA over their previous 11 games with no starter allowing more than three earned runs in that stretch. ... Former Reds player and current assistant field coordinator Bill Doran is with the club in uniform on the road trip. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '23', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9809877276420592}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72738', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NXKWFPEOV47BVKNWXN2BCWGOF6B2ADAP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:050ffbb5-9394-407b-9dd2-ff5064221a58>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 10, 3, 26, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EL3YKF5USYETBXBNKZ6M7JXU3QV6PNUO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:42f8164e-3c48-4ced-b2b4-732dade4f79e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100920&content_id=14890676¬ebook_id=14890684&vkey=notebook_cin&c_id=cin', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:53f279bc-4eda-4b4b-a80d-ff6e632e3a64>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '464', 'url': 'http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100920&content_id=14890676¬ebook_id=14890684&vkey=notebook_cin&c_id=cin', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024092495441436768', 'original_id': '52d7ea9804b1c5438c521679ba843c713cb65b1616f48506a4b4361e21038093'} |
##
# This file is part of WhatWeb and may be subject to
# redistribution and commercial restrictions. Please see the WhatWeb
# web site for more information on licensing and terms of use.
# http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
##
Plugin.define "Empire-CMS" do
author "Brendan Coles <bcoles@gmail.com>" # 2010-08-04
version "0.1"
description "Open source CMS"
website "http://www.phome.net/"
# 371 results for "powered by EmpireCMS" @ 2010-08-04
# Dorks #
dorks [
'"powered by EmpireCMS"'
]
matches [
{ :text=>' - Powered by EmpireCMS</title>' },
]
end
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '87831355481eee68bdb5390a246dba4b53af12f3f0cfed0ab27ff50e0314861f'} |
nurse hands
© Getty
A paper published in January raised the possibility that the pandemic could make some people more susceptible to chronic conditions and diseases, including asthma and obesity.
The good news is that frequent hand-washing, masks and physical distancing work. Falling daily COVID-19 case counts in Ontario and across Canada testify to that.
Comment: Masks have little to no effect on the spread of viruses; and can excessive handwashing and distancing be said to 'work', when on the very next line the author admits that it actually makes one more susceptible to illness?
The bad news? Being hyper vigilant about hygiene could have some serious health consequences down the road.
In a paper published in January, members of the Canadian Institute For Advanced Research's humans and microbiome program raised the possibility the pandemic could profoundly change the human microbiome, making some people more susceptible to chronic conditions and diseases, including asthma and obesity.
"The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect the human microbiome in infected and uninfected individuals, having a substantial impact on human health over the long term," wrote the authors in the paper that was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science in the U.S.
University of British Columbia microbiologist Brett Finlay, who is the lead author, calls the pandemic a real-time experiment into the impact of necessary public health measures on the microorganisms that contribute to peoples' overall health.
"It gives us an experiment that you can't normally do: If you lock people up for a year, does it have long-term consequences?" said Finlay. The paper, he said, is a call for scientists to study the issue, especially its impact on young children.
The microbiome is made up of the microbes living on and in the human body that play a role in human health and disease. Changing that with use of antibiotics or by limiting contact with microorganisms, especially in early childhood, can have health consequences.
Comment: And not just the microbiome, research suggests there's more than just that which lives directly on us, there's the life that surrounds us, which also interacts with everyone we meet: "Exposome": Scientists measure invisible clouds of matter that orbit every human being
The so-called hygiene hypothesis in medicine says that early childhood exposure to certain microorganisms protects against allergic diseases and contributes to the development of the immune system.
Although sanitation and distancing to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID-19) are necessary to protect human life, scientists warn in the paper that people should be ready for changes to the human microbiome as a result.
That could result in health consequences. Allergic responses, asthma, obesity and diabetes have all been linked to changes in the human microbiome in recent decades due, in part, to less exposure to microorganisms.
Finlay, who is author of the book Let Them Eat Dirt, said research has demonstrated there are consequences to living in a "hyper hygienic" society.
He said growing rates of obesity, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and other conditions, especially in children, have been linked to exposure to fewer microbes.
Children who grow up on farms, for example, have lower rates of asthma and allergies.
Finlay has done research in British Columbia that links a significantly higher risk of asthma to antibiotic use in infancy. Use of antibiotics in infants has been reduced in B.C. over the last decades, something that has been matched by a reduction in rates of asthma.
He said the research paper published earlier this month was a call for people to be aware of the possible downstream impact of actions being taken during the pandemic.
"We know, based on history, that there are consequences."
Physical distancing, alone, makes a difference to people's exposure to microbes, something that is especially crucial for infants, he said.
"A child born today in a COVID world, who is that kid interacting with? They are not getting the microbes they are normally exposed to. We know in early life it is really important to have diverse microbial exposure, and that is just not happening in COVID, so I think there is some significant concern about what goes on there."
He said some of the impact of lack of contact with other people and places can be countered by eating a diet rich in fibre found in grains, fruits, nuts and vegetables, exercising, having contact with pets and getting outside as much as possible.
Comment: The suggested diet will increase disease in the vast majority. And, during the endless and rolling lockdowns, governments have made leaving the house and interacting with others an increasingly risky prospect, with numerous examples of house raids and on the spot fines for being outside, so it's a fact that everybody is getting much less fresh air and exercise, and much less contact with others.
He said it is important that children are able to go outside and play "in the environmental microbes" instead of staying indoors.
Meanwhile, he said studying the impact could provide valuable information.
"We have really drastically changed society in the last year and we know these often result in significant changes in the microbiome. It is a wonderful experiment. We are in a position to look at these things, so we need to use this opportunity to really examine this and learn from it." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9647092819213868}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '114842', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UFH3OFMACB3FKRDL6BEEL3SDL4YWMZOG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a2266dce-913f-41ff-99a4-635f5b3aa9f3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 18, 4, 53, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.0.178', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RM7TD6DA3BJQS3UQE2JKCV556G5KMRZ5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7f4c9052-1441-4ce2-82e5-c202da9a9eae>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.sott.net/article/448159-Lockdowns-the-hysteria-over-hyper-hygiene-could-have-long-term-health-impacts-study', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3d638b62-03b5-41ba-81bf-409e92c7ba77>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '881', 'url': 'https://www.sott.net/article/448159-Lockdowns-the-hysteria-over-hyper-hygiene-could-have-long-term-health-impacts-study', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-101.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04564255475997925', 'original_id': '23cabcf28b59ce3aad01c075cdc0a47ed23efefb7f2b96f09795a53ad2dd4461'} |
Health & Wellness
What Is Food Intolerance and Why You Need to Know Yours + #AskNDph Launch
When was the last time you know you were eating right? What is food intolerance and how is it different from food allergy?
I have accepted the challenge of avoiding foods I’m intolerant to for the next three months. I am doing this for my health and well-being . Plus the fact that I want to see the big difference it will do to me in terms of my weight, my waist, my sleeping patterns, my feeling of bloatedness , loss of energy at times and other discomforts I suffer like headache, lower bach ache and cramps.
Recently, I took the Food Detective Test, an easy-to-use food intolerance self-test that gives immediate result. The kit cost around Php6,000.00 ++ and its a simple procedure where you take a certain amount of blood for sampling. The test will take about 40 minutes to get the result and while the process is simple creating such fast and efficient test kit took a lot of time and study. Which means this is realiable. The kit is exported from Cambridge Nutritional Sciences United Kingdom who has advanced techonology and resources when it comes to medical research and practices like this.
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
Anyway, there are 46 kinds of food included in the list that you will be tested on, most of them are basic food kinds that we eat everyday. There is a more extensive food intolerant test that cost around Php23,000 +++ and has about 200+ types of food enumerated.
The 46 foods included in the list are:
1. Oats
2. wheat
3. rice
4. corn
5. rye
6. durum wheat
7. gluten
8. almond
9. brazil nut
10. cashew
11. tea
12. walnut
13. cow’s milk
14. whole egg
15. chicken
16. lamb
17. beef
18. pork
19. white fish mix
20. freshwater fish mix
21. tuna
22. shelfish mix
23. brocoli
24. cabbage
25. carrot
26. leek
27. potato
28. celery
29. cucumber
30. peppers
31. legume mix
32. grapefruit
33. melon mix
34. peanut
35. soya bean
36. cocoa bean
37. apple
38. blackcurrant
39. olive
40. orange and lemon
41. strawberry
42. tomato
43. ginger
44. garlic
45. mushroom
46. yeast
Out of all the 46 in the list, I was found out to be intolerant of Cow’s Milk!
The test also indicated that I am not intolerant of shellfish however, I am allergic to it. This does not mean I can eat it though. I was told that if you are allergic to it then by all means try to avoid it as well.
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
In the test result interpretation you will see different shades of blue, the darker the shade the higher the risk of your intolerance and that you should avoid it right away to get your back to healthier gut and a healthier you in general.
Why avoid foods you are intolerant to?
The test happened at the launch of (an online portal for everything nutrition in the Philippines) while having a conference with a room full of nutritionist and doctors . While I was being bombarded with a lot of medical jargons, I was drawn into the discussion because it was very interesting.
Dr. Nigel Abraham from UK gave a very interesting talk on gut health and the mast cell involvement in inflammatory disease. He mentioned that avoiding food you are intolerant to (IGG Diet) can be the answer to all diseases in the world if not most of it. In a study they conducted it showed that following an IGG Guided Diet have reported a signifance improvement in their condition.
I have learned that being allergic and being intolerant to certain kind of food or foods is different . Allergic triggers reaction that are immediate and may cause death.
Food intollerance are associated with an inappropriate immune response to a particular food. It manifest wide range of unpleasant symptoms and many chronic conditions. Unlike food allergies, food intolerance is unlikely to be life threatening. Food intolerance are associated with an inappropriate immune response to a particular food or foods. Symptoms can appear up to three days after eating the offending reactive food and can last for weeks. That said it is very difficult to pin-point which foods could be causing the symptoms that is why in the test blood specimen is used for the assessment. Knowing which type of food or foods to avoid will lead to gut health.
Our gut’s health is dependent on what we eat, while the gut is able to process the food that we are intolerant to , our gut absorb all the nutrients which are causing reactions in the body, disrupts the balace of the gut’s ecosystem theyreby causing mal-absorption of nutrients and triggering health issues. Such as:
1. Resipiratory (rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma
2. Musculoskeletal (arthritis, joint pains, aching muscles and weakness)
3. Gastrointestinal (vomiting, abdominal bloating, cramping, excessive wind, water retention, nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, wight control problems and colic.
4. Central Nervous System (migraine, headache, impaired concentration, mood and behavioural changes depression, anxiety, fatigue and hypeactivity)
5. Dermatoligical (urticacia, atopic dermatitis, eczema, itchy skin and other rashes)
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
A diet that eliminates the problem food will often be enough to prevent the onset of the above symptoms. Where your test shows an elevated level of antibodies to a specific food, you should eliminate it completely from your diet for a period of at least 3 months. When the symptom subside, the eliminated foods can be reintroduced one by one and the effects monitored. They said you can have the food intolerant test again after a year just for monitoring.
What next?
I am lucky to have only one type of food to avoid but if you have a lot of positive result like John Bueno, it will be very challeging to eliminate all the food at once. It is recommended to avoid the food with a moderate and strong reaction and rotate the foods showing mild reaction.
For me, Cow’s Milk is challenging to eliminate in my diet because I love ice cream , cheese and pizza! They are my life. However, I want to see if there is indeed a change in my well-being if I change the way I eat. Afer all, there’s an alternative to cow’s milk and I make sure that the kind of milk I use is not cow’s milk. Alternative cow’s milk source is soy milk, sheeps milk, goats milk. As for cheese and pizza , I was told I can have it occassionally or until after 3 months . With this in mind, I therefore accept the challenge.
If you would like to get your own Food Intolerance Test (Food Detective or the other extensive one) you may visit accesible via @AskND on Facebook or you can email them at [email protected]
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to
Food Intolerance and why avoid eating food your are intolerant to have partnerships and affiliation with international institutions and practitioners . They want to pave the way for Filipino to a well-guided and effective personalized nutrition programs, supported by accurate information and up-to-date medical tools. This will take away the guessing and having to follow fad diets or trend diets.
It was asked in the forum if Filipino’s are ready for such platform. I think we are. Most now are health conscious lately which is a good sign.
Please do let me know if you took the test and lest exchange notes of our experiences along the way!
Stay gorgeous everyone!
Watch how the Food Intolerance Test / Food Detective Test is administered in this video:
Share Your Thoughts Here
Only registered users can comment.
1. Thank you for reading my post, I’m happy that you learned something from it. And yeah I was told of other alternatives to cow’s milk, good luck to me!
2. I am a CFT and nutrition lover and I enjoy expanding my knowledge in these areas. This was such a great and informative read. So thankful for the accessibility of these products for us to use. I believe eating the right foods for our body is very powerful. Thankfully, there are many easy and yummy recipes nowadays for foods we may need to substitute like Cow’s milk:)
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9316630363464355}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74405', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HVK77MHONIAPGMPXFTCTNBYWBMSDXZXP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ac358fbe-f61a-4295-bc83-ee4d44e1cfdd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 19, 18, 54, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.148.140', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NBOA4DFUSMPECLDUKT3HXKQC2VZTRVRK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a34cf2d1-1518-4c01-a879-030f4579bb31>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.earthlingorgeous.com/2016/08/food-intolerance-askndph.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b80a3fc-f7aa-4087-b272-731c9bfcc3ca>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1416', 'url': 'http://www.earthlingorgeous.com/2016/08/food-intolerance-askndph.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-167-8-186.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07023155689239502', 'original_id': '0407252e20d583b8b85886c29d342db22431937dd619e46ac5e6d133a778c42d'} |
How Travel Booking Behavior Has Changed Due to Covid-19
A new normal for the travel industry is here and travel marketers are adapting to shifting consumer expectations during the pandemic. While consumer behavior is influenced by regional responses to the virus and how quickly restrictions are lifted, there are some distinct trends that have emerged throughout the course of this year.
As travelers are beginning to search for leisure activities and hotels again, they are opting first for domestic destinations. Consumers that are choosing to travel right now value flexibility, cleanliness, and safety, among other priorities. To help travel marketers navigate this new normal, we’ve put together the following list of behavioral trends to consider both during and after the Covid-19 crisis.
Flexible cancellation policies
As recovery begins in some regions, travelers may be initially uneasy about booking a hotel or vacation rental. Flexible cancellation policies are an effective way to address consumers’ uneasiness and give them peace-of-mind. Allowing customers to reserve without immediate payment, cancel up until the arrival date, or process quick refunds if their plans change will help to instill a sense of trust during the booking process and build brand loyalty. All of the major metasearch sites have introduced a “free cancellation” filter, so you’ll want to make sure you’re passing along cancellable rates to publishers so that your property is included in filtered search results.
(Cancellation filters on metasearch sites)
Cleanliness remains top of mind
Cleanliness still remains a top priority for 68% of global travelers, and hotels and vacation rentals, regardless of rating, should place a strong emphasis on cleaning and safety procedures. From contact-free check-in and keyless entry to increased cleanings and social distancing measures, accommodation providers are implementing a variety of new initiatives to ensure the health and safety of guests. Let travelers know exactly what to expect for their stay by communicating cleaning protocols and other updates on your website, mobile app, third-party listings, and social media accounts.
(Cleanliness messaging from multiple travel brands)
Accessibility matters
According to a July report from Ketchum, 35% of Americans don’t trust airlines to provide a safe experience. Until more consumers feel comfortable traveling by air again, they are more likely to drive to their destinations. In a sentiment study by Tripadvisor, 54% of travelers said they are more likely to consider road trips compared to before the pandemic. Hotels can capitalize on this trend by highlighting free parking options, shuttle services, or access to public transit. Similar to the “free cancellation” filter, you’ll want to ensure your property appears in search results when filters like “free parking” or “car park” are selected.
Domestic stays dominate demand
Domestic searches continue to represent the bulk of demand for hotels across the globe. In September, over 90% of hotel searches were for domestic destinations, so travel marketers should focus their recovery efforts on domestic travelers. Longer distance and international travel will likely take much longer to recover due to consumer sentiment on flying and ongoing international travel restrictions.
Nature destinations on the rise
Social distancing continues to be a part of daily life during the pandemic and this is also reflected in travel searches, as people are opting for less-crowded destinations like national parks, beaches, and smaller cities. Alternative accommodations, such as campgrounds, RV parks, farmhouses, bed and breakfasts, and hotels with apartment-style kitchen suites are experiencing strong recovery as well. On your property listing, be sure to highlight any nearby nature destinations and activities such as golfing, hiking, parks, and beaches to attract travelers that are looking to spend time outdoors.
Atypical booking windows
Normally, leisure trips are booked months in advance, particularly for long-distance travel. In this new era, however, with demand recovering slowly, travelers are searching much closer to their arrival date. Monitor your brand’s direct booking data to assess when travelers are searching, and how far out their arrival date is. Doing so will provide insights into how to adjust your marketing efforts going forward.
Although a return to previous market conditions is unlikely this year, accommodation providers can prepare for the new normal by implementing marketing efforts in line with traveler expectations. For more insights and recommendations, download our free recovery guide for travel brands.
Marketing , Travel | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9392893314361572}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '68217', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HQDFR6SVYPHW67IGDBVEC2ZQT27KCEGE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f643ac89-b6f8-453f-b067-216c046e6456>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 17, 22, 9), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.154.248.157', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:W6YPLSX3CNXO7FVRBFEKKAFV67MKY44H', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ef97c158-cfad-4889-9f1c-fc3522c544ab>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://koddi.com/how-travel-booking-behavior-has-changed-due-to-covid-19/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e124b6ba-c7d0-41f6-8271-aa82faa37094>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '700', 'url': 'https://koddi.com/how-travel-booking-behavior-has-changed-due-to-covid-19/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.052159249782562256', 'original_id': 'eefc88081ae1427c7db9426111c856744cc3b954f2607002c8fe140fb08e385b'} |
His twin brother William, who also played Sigourney Weaver's character's baby Oscar in the 1989 film, confirmed the new s online
Ghostbusters II Baby Oscar Actor and John Denver's Nephew Dead of Apparent Suicide After Battle with Mental Illness
Henry ‘Hank’ Deutschendorf, who played baby Oscar in Ghostbusters II, has reportedlydied by suicided at the age of 28.
His twin brother William, who also played Sigourney Weaver’s character’s baby Oscar in the 1989 film, confirmed the news online. “It is with great sadness that I announce the passing of my twin brother, Hank,” he wrote. “On Wednesday, June 14th, 2017, Henry John Deutschendorf II lost his battle with schizoaffective disorder.”
Get push notifications with news, features and more.
Deutschendorf, also the nephew of country singer John Denver, died by suicide at his home in Escondido, California last week, according to TMZ. His brother did not elaborate on a cause of death.
Image zoom Everett
Hank later appeared as himself in a 2017 documentary about Ghostbusters titled Cleanin’ Up the Town: Remembering Ghostbusters.
William, who ran a martial arts school in San Diego with his twin, opened up about his brother’s battle with schizoaffective disorder, a chronic mental health condition which is a combination of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. “He experienced hallucinations, delusions, depression, and mania,” William wrote online.
“It is a very severe mental illness that usually requires a lifetime of treatment. It is not well studied, so the treatment is largely an estimation based on schizophrenia and bipolar treatments,” he said, adding that his brother was diagnosed with the disorder in 2008.
“If you knew Hank before his diagnosis, you knew a young man who was upbeat, healthy, witty, kind, outgoing, and was always ready to stand up for people,” William continued, noting that Hank’s medication had side effects that “took a toll” on his personality.
Despite the illness, William wrote his brother got “his third and fourth degree black belt in Kempo, bought his own condo, and found the love of his life.” He added that Hank will be remembered by is family, nieces and nephews, close friends, students and his girlfriend.
Image zoom Source: Henry Deutschendorf/Facebook
In addition to honoring Hank’s memory, William said, “It is also very important to me to immediately spread awareness about schizophrenia, bipolar, and suicide prevention.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'da4c74de8f69e35e16edb00e693d9cef94c1f40a697725c806a608160d8bcf0d'} |
\section{Fully Normal Space is Normal Space}
Tags: Fully Normal Spaces, Separation Axioms, Compact Spaces, Normal Spaces
\begin{theorem}
Let $T = \left({S, \tau}\right)$ be a fully normal space.
Then $T$ is a normal space.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
From the definition, $T$ is fully normal {{iff}}:
:$T$ is fully $T_4$
:$T$ is a $T_1$ (Fréchet) space.
We have that a fully $T_4$ space is also a $T_4$ space.
So:
:$T$ is a $T_4$ Space
:$T$ is a $T_1$ (Fréchet) space
which is precisely the definition of a normal space.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'c199eb09a5d54db935c8722c1765af44286b03d36676f11a4b7a5bddff07e40d'} |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
############################################################
# A simple script to read the values in herm_full_edgelist.csv.
# Note: this file will be replaced with a call to PyOpenWorm
# when that package is updated to read all of this data from the
# spreadseet
############################################################
import csv
from NeuroMLUtilities import ConnectionInfo
import os
spreadsheet_location = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + "/../../../"
filename = "%sherm_full_edgelist.csv" % spreadsheet_location
def get_all_muscle_prefixes():
return ["pm", "vm", "um", "dBWM", "vBWM"]
def get_body_wall_muscle_prefixes():
return ["dBWM", "vBWM"]
def is_muscle(cell):
known_muscle_prefixes = get_all_muscle_prefixes()
return cell.startswith(tuple(known_muscle_prefixes))
def is_body_wall_muscle(cell):
known_muscle_prefixes = get_body_wall_muscle_prefixes()
return cell.startswith(tuple(known_muscle_prefixes))
def is_neuron(cell):
return cell[0].isupper()
def remove_leading_index_zero(cell):
"""
Returns neuron name with an index without leading zero. E.g. VB01 -> VB1.
"""
if is_neuron(cell) and cell[-2:].startswith("0"):
return "%s%s" % (cell[:-2], cell[-1:])
return cell
def get_old_muscle_name(muscle):
index = int(muscle[5:])
if index < 10:
index = "0%s" % index
if muscle.startswith("vBWML"):
return "MVL%s" % index
elif muscle.startswith("vBWMR"):
return "MVR%s" % index
elif muscle.startswith("dBWML"):
return "MDL%s" % index
elif muscle.startswith("dBWMR"):
return "MDR%s" % index
def get_syntype(syntype):
if syntype == "electrical":
return "GapJunction"
elif syntype == "chemical":
return "Send"
else:
raise NotImplementedError("Cannot parse syntype '%s'" % syntype)
def get_synclass(cell, syntype):
#dirty hack
if syntype == "GapJunction":
return "Generic_GJ"
else:
if cell.startswith("DD") or cell.startswith("VD"):
return "GABA"
return "Acetylcholine"
def parse_row(row):
pre = str.strip(row["Source"])
post = str.strip(row["Target"])
num = int(row["Weight"])
syntype = get_syntype(str.strip(row["Type"]))
synclass = get_synclass(pre, syntype)
return pre, post, num, syntype, synclass
def readDataFromSpreadsheet(include_nonconnected_cells=False):
"""
Args:
include_nonconnected_cells (bool): Also append neurons without known connections to other neurons to the 'cells' list. True if they should get appended, False otherwise.
Returns:
cells (:obj:`list` of :obj:`str`): List of neurons
conns (:obj:`list` of :obj:`ConnectionInfo`): List of connections from neuron to neuron
"""
conns = []
cells = []
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
print("Opened file: " + filename)
known_nonconnected_cells = ['CANL', 'CANR']
for row in reader:
pre, post, num, syntype, synclass = parse_row(row)
if not is_neuron(pre) or not is_neuron(post):
continue # pre or post is not a neuron
pre = remove_leading_index_zero(pre)
post = remove_leading_index_zero(post)
conns.append(ConnectionInfo(pre, post, num, syntype, synclass))
#print ConnectionInfo(pre, post, num, syntype, synclass)
if pre not in cells:
cells.append(pre)
if post not in cells:
cells.append(post)
if include_nonconnected_cells:
for c in known_nonconnected_cells:
if c not in cells:
cells.append(c)
return cells, conns
def readMuscleDataFromSpreadsheet():
"""
Returns:
neurons (:obj:`list` of :obj:`str`): List of motor neurons. Each neuron has at least one connection with a post-synaptic muscle cell.
muscles (:obj:`list` of :obj:`str`): List of muscle cells.
conns (:obj:`list` of :obj:`ConnectionInfo`): List of neuron-muscle connections.
"""
neurons = []
muscles = []
conns = []
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
print("Opened file: " + filename)
for row in reader:
pre, post, num, syntype, synclass = parse_row(row)
if (not is_neuron(pre) and not is_body_wall_muscle(pre)) or not is_body_wall_muscle(post):
# Don't add connections unless pre=neuron and post=body_wall_muscle
continue
if is_neuron(pre):
pre = remove_leading_index_zero(pre)
else:
pre = get_old_muscle_name(pre)
post = get_old_muscle_name(post)
conns.append(ConnectionInfo(pre, post, num, syntype, synclass))
#print ConnectionInfo(pre, post, num, syntype, synclass)
if is_neuron(pre) and pre not in neurons:
neurons.append(pre)
elif is_body_wall_muscle(pre) and pre not in muscles:
muscles.append(pre)
if post not in muscles:
muscles.append(post)
return neurons, muscles, conns
def main():
cells, conns = readDataFromSpreadsheet()
print("%i cells in spreadsheet: %s..."%(len(cells),sorted(cells)[0:3]))
from os import listdir
cell_names = [f[:-9] for f in listdir('%s/CElegans/morphologies/' % spreadsheet_location) if
f.endswith('.java.xml')]
cell_names.remove('MDL08') # muscle
s_c = sorted(cell_names)
print("%i cell morphologies found: %s..."%(len(cell_names),s_c[0:3]))
for c in cells: cell_names.remove(c)
print("Difference: %s"%cell_names)
cells2, conns2 = readDataFromSpreadsheet(include_nonconnected_cells=True)
assert(len(cells2) == 302)
print("Lengths are equal if include_nonconnected_cells=True")
print("Found %s connections: %s..."%(len(conns2),conns2[0]))
neurons, muscles, conns = readMuscleDataFromSpreadsheet()
print("Found %i neurons connected to muscles: %s\n" % (len(neurons), sorted(neurons)))
print("Found %i muscles connected to neurons: %s\n" % (len(muscles), sorted(muscles)))
print("Found %i connections between neurons and muscles, e.g. %s" % (len(conns), conns[0]))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '3f4a2d7226ce1946427aa214f186e75aa6954550f9134742eeff5edd05f55e36'} |
import React from 'react';
import { Page, Navbar, BlockTitle, BlockHeader, Block, TextEditor, List, ListInput } from 'framework7-react';
export default class extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {
customButtons: {
hr: {
content: '<hr>',
onClick(editor, buttonEl) {
document.execCommand('insertHorizontalRule', false);
},
},
},
customValue: `<p>Lorem, ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Consequatur sunt, sapiente quis eligendi consectetur hic asperiores assumenda quidem dolore quasi iusto tenetur commodi qui ullam sint sed alias! Consequatur, dolor!</p>
<p>Provident reiciendis exercitationem reprehenderit amet repellat laborum, sequi id quam quis quo quos facere veniam ad libero dolorum animi. Nobis, illum culpa explicabo dolorem vitae ut dolor at reprehenderit magnam?</p>
<p>Qui, animi. Dolores dicta, nobis aut expedita enim eum assumenda modi, blanditiis voluptatibus excepturi non pariatur. Facilis fugit facere sequi molestias nemo in, suscipit inventore consequuntur, repellat perferendis, voluptas odit.</p>
<p>Tempora voluptates, doloribus architecto eligendi numquam facilis perspiciatis autem quam voluptas maxime ratione harum laudantium cum deleniti. In, alias deserunt voluptatibus eligendi libero nobis est unde et perspiciatis cumque voluptatum.</p>
<p>Quam error doloribus qui laboriosam eligendi. Aspernatur quam pariatur perspiciatis reprehenderit atque dicta culpa, aut rem? Assumenda, quibusdam? Reprehenderit necessitatibus facere nemo iure maiores porro voluptates accusamus quibusdam. Nesciunt, assumenda?</p>`,
listEditorValue: '',
};
}
render() {
return (
<Page>
<Navbar title="Text Editor" backLink="Back"></Navbar>
<Block>
<p>Framework7 comes with a touch-friendly Rich Text Editor component. It is based on modern "contenteditable" API so it should work everywhere as is.</p>
<p>It comes with the basic set of formatting features. But its functionality can be easily extended and customized to fit any requirements.</p>
</Block>
<BlockTitle>Default Setup</BlockTitle>
<TextEditor />
<BlockTitle>With Placeholder</BlockTitle>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
/>
<BlockTitle>With Default Value</BlockTitle>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
value={this.state.customValue}
onTextEditorChange={(value) => this.setState({ customValue: value })}
/>
<BlockTitle>Specific Buttons</BlockTitle>
<BlockHeader>It is possible to customize which buttons (commands) to show.</BlockHeader>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
buttons={[
['bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'strikeThrough'],
['orderedList', 'unorderedList']
]}
/>
<BlockTitle>Custom Button</BlockTitle>
<BlockHeader>It is possible to create custom editor buttons. Here is the custom "hr" button that adds horizontal rule:</BlockHeader>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
customButtons={this.state.customButtons}
buttons={[
['bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'strikeThrough'],
'hr'
]}
/>
<BlockTitle>Resizable</BlockTitle>
<BlockHeader>Editor will be resized based on its content.</BlockHeader>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
resizable
buttons={['bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'strikeThrough']}
/>
<BlockTitle>Popover Mode</BlockTitle>
<BlockHeader>In this mode, there is no toolbar with buttons, but they appear as popover when you select any text in editor.</BlockHeader>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
mode="popover"
buttons={['bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'strikeThrough']}
style={{'--f7-text-editor-height': '150px'}}
/>
<BlockTitle>Keyboard Toolbar Mode</BlockTitle>
<BlockHeader>In this mode, toolbar with buttons will appear on top of virtual keyboard when editor is in the focus. It is supported only in iOS, Android cordova apps and in Android Chrome. When not supported it will fallback to "popover" mode.</BlockHeader>
<TextEditor
placeholder="Enter text..."
mode="keyboard-toolbar"
style={{'--f7-text-editor-height': '150px'}}
/>
<BlockTitle>As List Input</BlockTitle>
<BlockHeader>Text editor can be used in list with other inputs. In this example it is enabled with "keyboard-toolbar"/"popover" type for "About" field.</BlockHeader>
<List>
<ListInput
type="text"
label="Name"
placeholder="Your name"
/>
<ListInput
type="texteditor"
label="About"
placeholder="About"
resizable
textEditorParams={{
mode: 'popover',
buttons: ['bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'strikeThrough']
}}
value={this.state.listEditorValue}
onTextEditorChange={(value) => this.setState({listEditorValue: value})}
/>
</List>
</Page>
);
}
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/lemnisk8/framework7/blob/master/kitchen-sink/react/src/pages/text-editor.jsx', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '2020.0', 'title': 'framework7', 'creator': 'lemnisk8', 'language': '', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '494', 'token_count': '1439', '__index_level_0__': '5401', 'original_id': 'c977d7d665b6296660295c6cbdffc73dda59a0077eefeb2e59d69b2edc877b82'} |
Q:
Is it true "Every Boolean algebra is an algebra of sets, for any given set X"
I have confused between these two notions, please help
Every Boolean algebra is an algebra of sets, for any given set $X$, and the converse is false.
A:
What the highlighted proposition is stating amounts to: (I) AND (II)
(I) $\implies:\;\;$It is true that IF B is a Boolean algebra, THEN B is (isomorphic to) an algebra of sets.
(II) $\not\Longleftarrow:\;\;$ But it is not true that every algebra of sets, is (isomorphic to) a Boolean algebra. That is, the converse of (I) is not true.
Is that what you're confused about?
Any Boolean algebra is (isomorphic to) an algebra of sets. Simple enough: there is no Boolean algebra that fails to be isomorphic to an algebra of sets. (I.e., if it fails to be isomorphic to an algebra of sets, then it certainly cannot be a Boolean algebra.)
But surely we can find of an algebra of sets that fails to be (isomorphic to) a Boolean Algebra.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '21434d4b16ce180dc0faf90960f3e34c3eb8177238ec88cad4e672bdbcdfa7ae'} |
funny one liners jokes
Jokes » funny one liners » jokes 7
funny one liners
marriage quotes 04
A man must marry only a very pretty woman in case he should ever want some other man to take her off his hands. -- Guitry
Ah Mozart! He was happily married - but his wife wasn't. -- Borge
Always talk to your wife while you're making love... if there's a phone handy.
An archaeologist is the best husband a woman can have; the older she gets, the more interested he is in her. -- Agatha Christie
And I shall love thee still my dear, Until my wife is wise.
Bachelor: the only man who has never told his wife a lie.
Bride: A woman with a fine prospect of happiness behind her.
By all means marry. If you get a good wife, you'll be happy. If you get a bad one, you'll become a philosopher. -- Socrates
Correction: Instead of being arrested, as we stated, for kicking his wife down a flight of stairs and hurling a lighted kerosene lamp after her, the Rev. James P. Wellman died unmarried four years ago.
steven wright 20
I had a friend who was a clown. When he died, all his friends went to the funeral in one car.
How young can you die of old age?
If you saw a heat wave, would you wave back?
If you were going to shoot a mime, would you use a silencer?
I used to be a narrator for bad mimes.
On the other hand... You have different fingers.
I can levitate birds. No one cares.
Women... Can't live with 'em... Can't shoot 'em.
If all the nations in the world are in debt, where did all the money go?
steven wright 23
I had just received my degree in Calcium Anthropology... The study of milkmen.
Today I was arrested for scalping low numbers at the deli. I sold a #3 for 28 bucks.
I stayed up all night playing poker with Tarot cards. I got a full house and four people died.
I was walking down the street and saw a sign on a post. It said: "Lost--$50. If found, just keep it."
I bought a cheap piece of land... It was on someone else's property.
The brain is a wonderful organ; it starts working the moment you get up in the morning and doesn't stop until you get to work.
The sun got confused about daylight savings time. It rose twice. Everything had two shadows.
Some people think George is weird, because he has sideburns behind his ears. I think George is weird, because he has false teeth. With braces on them. George is a radio announcer, and when he walks under a bridge... You can't hear him talk.
When I was crossing the border into Canada, they asked if I had any firearms with me. I said, "Well, what do you need?"
steven wright 04
It's a good thing we have gravity, or else when birds died they'd just stay right up there. Hunters would be all confused.
When I die, I'm leaving my body to science fiction.
I went to the bank and asked to borrow a cup of money. They said, "What for?" I said, "I'm going to buy some sugar."
I saw a bank that said "24 Hour Banking", but I don't have that much time.
I went to the museum where they had all the heads and arms from the statues that are in all the other museums.
I like to go to art museums and name the untitled paintings . . . Boy With Pail . . . Kitten On Fire.
One time I went to a museum where all the work in the museum had been done by children. They had all the paintings up on refrigerators.
Last time I went to the movies I was thrown out for bringing my own food. My argument was that the concession stand prices are outrageous. Besides, I haven't had a Bar-B-Que in a long time.
One time I went to a drive-in in a taxi cab. The movie cost me $95.
Page 8 of 42 «« Previous | Next »» | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9828372001647948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25692', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CQ4DXVFN72XCZ2NDEAKM57CW6Q66JLGX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ba694b98-3907-481c-bb95-d58b8aa25e5a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 4, 8, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.160.0.226', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5HQO2LNH7PXB6FWMDGPRIIYRMHSCDXJS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6bcb86ed-f1b1-48e8-bcb0-39af1036e9e9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://jokeshumor.tuspoemas.net/funny-one-liners/jokes-7', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:be8c386a-15ab-4c22-b93a-70c7046b7684>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '676', 'url': 'http://jokeshumor.tuspoemas.net/funny-one-liners/jokes-7', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-109-209-241.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3209839463233948', 'original_id': 'fdf191893d09c6c3508966fec2b119cd65fa4cad165e662bb8f6313c0e0aaf44'} |
Welfare fraud investigation question. When a person has been blown in for welfare fraud in Erie County NY does anyone know how
Asked about 1 year ago - Buffalo, NY
long it takes for the SID team to make contact with the alleged criminal ? I had reported a person roughly 3 weeks ago and then received an email from the SID team and have talked to the person who committed the crimes and she said no one has contacted her yet. Does it take Erie County forever to do an investigation? What do they do in their investigation really ?
Attorney answers (1)
1. Contributor Level 20
Answered . Investigations take time; records have to reviewed; I'm sure this is not the only case SID has. Why are you talking to someone you reported? How do know the person is telling you the truth about not being contacted?
Can't find what you're looking for? Ask a Lawyer
Get free answers from experienced attorneys.
Ask now
24,822 answers this week
2,650 attorneys answering
Ask a Lawyer
Get answers from top-rated lawyers.
• It's FREE
• It's easy
• It's anonymous
24,822 answers this week
2,650 attorneys answering
Legal Dictionary
Browse our legal dictionary | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9632930159568788}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '43620', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:K3MKKICFFVPXLR5JVEDUMRGNGON3ODK6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:90d7a43f-7c6a-4f9f-89c4-1430bc176d46>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 16, 26, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.115.115.85', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZG23JN7BGDWA7JRV7RMRVM2IIKOIUS4B', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c3521110-1cbb-469b-9968-25a329e68c40>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.avvo.com/legal-answers/welfare-fraud-investigation-question--when-a-perso-926240.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f552af15-0554-4530-a24b-035fb6cdd07c>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '225', 'url': 'http://www.avvo.com/legal-answers/welfare-fraud-investigation-question--when-a-perso-926240.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4465116262435913', 'original_id': '11991c61ca067731b7c9d60f562e22120910e6d18b3cb322bde3560c50993892'} |
Scientists: Global warming has already changed oceans
McClatchy NewspapersJune 9, 2009
WASHINGTON — In Washington state, oysters in some areas haven't reproduced for four years, and preliminary evidence suggests that the increasing acidity of the ocean could be the cause. In the Gulf of Mexico, falling oxygen levels in the water have forced shrimp to migrate elsewhere.
Though two marine-derived drugs, one for treating cancer and the other for pain control, are on the market and 25 others are under development, the fungus growing on seaweed, bacteria in deep sea mud and sea fans that could produce life-saving medicines are under assault from changing the ocean conditions.
Researchers, scientists and Jacques Cousteau's granddaughter painted a bleak picture Tuesday of the future of oceans and the "blue economy" of the nation's coastal states.
The hearing before the oceans subcommittee of the Senate Commerce Committee was expected to focus on how the degradation of the oceans was affecting marine businesses and coastal communities. Instead, much of the testimony focused on how the waters that cover 70 percent of the planet are already changing because of global warming.
Ocean acidification or diseases that thrive in acidified, oxygen-depleted seawater could be responsible for oysters not reproducing in Washington state, said Brad Warren, who oversees the ocean health and acidification program of the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership in Seattle. A federal study found that two-thirds of larval blue crabs died when exposed to acidity levels like those currently measured off the West Coast, he said.
Federal studies also found acidity levels in the North Pacific and off Alaska are unusually high compared to other ocean regions. The high acidity is already taking a toll of such tiny species as pteropods, which are an important food for salmon and other fish.
As greenhouse gas emissions increase, billions of tons of carbon dioxide from smokestacks and vehicle tailpipes are absorbed by the oceans. The result is carbonic acid, which dilutes the "rich soup" of calcium carbonate in the seawater that many species, especially on the low end of the food chain, thrive in, Warren said.
"If we lose it, it is gone forever," Warren said of the oceans' delicate chemical balance.
In the Gulf of Mexico, Alexandra Cousteau said, the runoff down the Mississippi River from farms in the Midwest has created a dead zone the size of New Jersey where few species can survive. Wetlands in Louisiana are disappearing at the rate of 33 football fields a day as hurricanes grow in strength and frequency because of climate change, she said.
"We must start to realize that there can be no standalone policies, especially as they relate to our water resources," Cousteau said. "Energy, transportation, climate change, infrastructure, agriculture, urban development: this is where our ocean policy must begin. It is all interconnected."
Others testified that the economic toll eventually could be enormous for fishing and other ocean-related industries and for the nation's coastal communities. Taken together, the ocean and coastal economies, including the Great Lakes, provide more than 50 million jobs and make up nearly 60 percent of the nation's economy.
"Significant environmental changes, such as sea level and sea temperature rise, oxygen depletion and ocean acidification, will dramatically change the landscape, restructuring an array of natural and physical assets as well as cultural and economic," said Judith Kidlow of the National Ocean Economics Program. "Over the next 30 years, the nation will see the most significant changes in the ocean and coastal economies since the arrival of industrialization and urbanization."
The subcommittee's chairman, Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., suggested a doubling of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration budget, which is now about $4 billion, and giving the agency additional responsibilities.
Cantwell, however, said the key has to be passing comprehensive climate change legislation to reduce carbon emissions.
"Protecting our oceans is an environmental and economic imperative," Cantwell said.
Diesel spill threatens Alaska's Iliamna River
U.N. environment chief urges global ban on plastic bags
Deadly bat disease spreading fast, scientists warn Congress
Follow the latest politics news at McClatchy's Planet Washington
Commenting FAQs | Terms of Service | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '59', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9422357678413392}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74653', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EPZTQIUUVYLXM7BVDPJVZY5FIVNVZHG5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8b2d40a1-e710-46f7-89bf-9197d09666e6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 4, 35, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.51', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EN7H5YFIKGLOHSN2ZUAOIWSSFGV2ECRQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c3acdae-8741-435a-b7d3-0e74bbac338c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/06/09/69751/scientists-global-warming-has.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:66cc967a-904d-43e2-b94e-68346cab902c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '746', 'url': 'http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/06/09/69751/scientists-global-warming-has.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05469590425491333', 'original_id': '7c1735cdddaf2443beb58dea99ec09affaccb0007b09931cf7c3acc142fd08db'} |
It's Complicated
When Charlie moves from England to Australia, she develops feelings for her back door neighbor, Luke. Will he feel the same way, or will he stay trapped in an unhappy relationship with the gorgeous, "queen- bee" of their school.
What happens when sabotage and lies causes Charlie to shut Luke out, in hopes of protecting herself from heart break?
Follow this story, through the perspective of Charlie Myers and Luke Hemmings, as it leads up to answer the question on everyone's mind, will they make it?
5. Girl's Talk
Charlie's POV
Watching the boys walk off to find firewood, I took a seat opposite the designated fire pit from Amber and her two minions.
"So you and Luke, huh?" Amber implied mockingly.
"I don't know what you're talking about." I stated sincerely.
"Right well, you and Luke can't happen." She flatly ordered.
I was clearly taken aback, which became apparent to Amber so she continued,
"I have a problem with the way Luke looks at you." She accused.
"Then I suggest you take that up with him." I advised.
With that, Amber rose slowly from where she sat and made her way closer and closer with every word,
"Luke does this every time we go through a rough patch. He finds some insecure, desperate girl and makes them feel special for a week or until we get back together. But keep in mind, he ALWAYS comes back to me. He's learned by now that I'm better than any freak, rebound he finds. And that's all you are or ever will be to him, remember that."
By the end of her speech, tears burned down my cheeks and my face was hot with anger.
"Awe, its crying." Was the last thing I heard before I got up and ran toward the parking lot.
By the time I reached Luke's parked car, the reality of Amber's words, sunk in.
How could a guy as perfect as Luke, end up with me?
She's right. I am nothing.
Loading ... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9626902341842652}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '80868', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:J242XOUNN2SLIYPWRBG2HRKDWHSGTKLY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e6ee7a0c-4775-4c08-83d7-b9e99d4a58a0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 21, 13, 28, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '109.238.50.41', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XIA2QYESYYAFOINDWUDD4FWRDMLRRSOW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a85ba2f2-c7c1-48ed-89fb-e440b1e51c00>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.movellas.com/story/201512140626024831-its-complicated-girls-talk/201512140655315638', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:10f02566-ee1f-4695-b83e-ad14fa5b414e>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '343', 'url': 'http://www.movellas.com/story/201512140626024831-its-complicated-girls-talk/201512140655315638', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-142-185-151.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0600932240486145', 'original_id': '258b5c61fec9d4b79053d9041ddd5f7f77d1c985d8310061b99ec4325cd3debb'} |
For U.S. Residents only
What Can Help - Avoidance
Since your allergy symptoms will only occur in the presence of an allergen, one option for reducing symptoms is to simply avoid the allergen. With easily identifiable allergens such as drugs and foods, this may be a reasonable strategy. However, since airborne allergens exist in such high quantities in the air that they are nearly impossible to avoid when they are in season.
Taking steps to minimize your exposure can be helpful to reduce your symptoms. Some options are:
•Avoid going into natural areas during pollen season
•Keep your windows closed to minimize the amount of pollen coming into your home
•Use an air filter in your home
•Clean your home regularly to prevent the build-up of dust and other allergens
•Use mattress and pillow covers and wash these frequently
Despite these interventions, however, they are not likely to be sufficient to completely remove your symptoms. It is good to supplement these interventions with other treatments, such as short term use of OTC drugs like antihistamine or seeing an Allergy Professional for a long term solution.
Other ways to treat your allergies:
Treating Your Allergies at Home
Treating Your Allergies with OTC Drugs | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9269639253616332}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23426', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BMI7ZJZCC3LJISHSV5KHMHNKYGGIBTOZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8701e1b1-a6d4-4b45-adab-cd86acd75e44>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 25, 17, 29, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.253.242.99', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:23Z5XPQ57YS4QNI22523FYFZPUF6JH4G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e1395893-b8ba-49ce-a5a2-481723e1da1c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://fightthecauseofallergy.org/page/what-can-help-avoidance', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:efc47ae4-3679-49b2-bad7-293a1678ecd5>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '192', 'url': 'http://fightthecauseofallergy.org/page/what-can-help-avoidance', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-181-35-24.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-26\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01983320713043213', 'original_id': '881a2cfa0690d7701d604dd8a90d3a0b7d0bf705847717b01740986a2ca75cae'} |
I have planted in a pot the seeds of a squash/cucurbita (this type) and it was growing very quick and nicely.
In the last couple of days I noticed that the leaves looks half dead/sick, and I don't know what is the cause and what can be done - is it bad treatment (water, sun etc.) or a disease? What can be done to help it?
Of course I can remove the infected/dead leaves, but I'd like to know what is it and how to approach it to improve it.
enter image description here
(I guess that if it will become bigger I'll have to transport it to a bigger pot or to the ground)
This looks like botrytis cinerea, grey mould, which is a fungus disease affecting many plants including squash. You need to control humidity better, especially when watering. I’d say this happened because the leaves are touching the compost which must have been contaminated somehow.
What you need to do is to remove all affected leaves and dispose of them promptly. Burning is best, fungus must be destroy or it will spread to other plants.
Make sure your secateurs are clean and sterilised to obtain a clean cut when removing affected material. Then wash and sterilise them again after use to avoid spread to other plants. When watering, do so into the roots, do not spray foliage.
There is no chemical control for this fungus. Unfortunately, your plant looks really badly affected and it might be a lost cause. I would start again, that would be easier.
• I have nothing to lose by cutting the infected leaves and see if it recovers, I'll try that :) if not, I'll start again! – arieljannai Jun 18 '18 at 19:38
• 1
You can get disease resistant varieties. Look it up and it will be easier. These varieties usually have several resistances. Good luck – user33232 Jun 18 '18 at 19:57
Your Answer
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9546234607696532}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '131182', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BSFHMWXLLXS6LMCNAYRBYLXQRLZMLOP5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bdc6e081-98b0-442d-9aa3-a5d46f1265a0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 29, 2, 15, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.1.69', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BDT35S2RRKJKPSRGC2FOFU2AQLSHR7PA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:745e0f8c-efc0-40a7-9220-4bc93fe1a9ca>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/39330/what-is-happening-to-my-squash-cucurbita', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4bb95b71-4ba5-4c3c-a2a9-0e79ac907ef3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '346', 'url': 'https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/39330/what-is-happening-to-my-squash-cucurbita', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-30.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04061466455459595', 'original_id': '088e3c6fd5d744e77a78fd044acaf05e4969545b4c4a1a75fb2f657edf25502d'} |
Windows Phone Challenge
The most stunning result from our huge Reader's Choice survey of smartphone users is how much people love Windows Phone 7. Windows Phone 7 scores higher in almost every category than market leader Android, and beats Apple's iOS for email, Web browsing, and gaming.
Windows Phone 7 owners love their phones. Apparently, they're willing to recommend them: Windows Phone 7 got a "likelihood to recommend" score of 8.8, head and shoulders over Android and BlackBerry. But Windows Phone 7 sales aren't taking off. According to Strategy Analytics, 2.7 million Windows Phones were sold in the last quarter of 2011, dwarfed by Apple's 37 million iPhones and an even larger number of Android phones.
We can blame the poor selection of Windows Phones on Sprint and Verizon in part for poor sales, and that's certainly a factor. But even those phones are adored; Verizon's HTC Trophy was the most-liked manufacturer and OS pair on that carrier.
So why is this much-beloved, much-recommended OS not selling, even on carriers like AT&T and T-Mobile, which have carried multiple Windows Phones? I think it has to do with who's buying the Windows Phones, and who isn't.
Users Love Windows Phone; Influencers Don't
Mobile phones are a highly influenced purchase. Most people buy their phones at carrier stores, with the retail sales employees heavily steering shoppers towards what they feel are the right gadgets. And even if they're shopping online, in my experience most consumers turn to a more technical friend or family member for advice.
Even if they don't ask outright, smartphone platform sales also have a heavy network effect. People tend to like to trade apps, tips and suggestions, so they'll buy the smartphone platform used by their friends and family. That magnifies success and failure, and it makes it hard for new OSes to get out of the gate without an aggressive carrier push.
Influencers don't like Windows Phone 7. Last summer, we sent reporter Sara Yin out to carrier retail stores and found that there wasn't much enthusiasm from carriers or from their sales people to push the platform. I heard that same lack of enthusiasm from Sprint at CES this year. T-Mobile has put a bit of a push behind the Nokia Lumia 710, but that entry-level smartphone can't carry the platform by itself.
Former Microsoft exec Charlie Kindel said late last year that Microsoft has alienated carriers, making them reluctant to push the platform. Apple has a rocky relationship with carriers too, of course, but Apple controls its own massive retail channel. Microsoft doesn't.
WP7's strengths, meanwhile, target average consumers rather than influencer groups. Many more technical influencers tend to heavily customize and tweak their devices, so they gravitate towards Android. Cultural influencers tend to like Apple's focus on product design and creative applications. All influencers like phones with some spec that they can crow about, whether it's a quad-core processor or a "Retina display."
Windows Phone 7's major selling point is that it makes common tasks simpler and easier. It runs on uninspiring hardware. Influencers may be reading all that as "boring," "stupid," and "dumb." Microsoft's recent ad campaign didn't help, portraying Windows Phone owners as people who don't actually enjoy using technology.
Microsoft's Windows brand, meanwhile, may repel the average consumers at whom Windows Phone 7 is targeted. I've seen Lumia 710 ads that say it's "Windows Simple." For most people, that's nonsense. The Windows OS is known for power and flexibility, not ease of use or simplicity.
A Grass-Roots Smartphone OS
On the other hand, when average consumers actually jump those hurdles, buck the trends, and buy a Windows Phone 7, they love 'em. That's because "simpler and easier" is what a lot of people really want from their smartphone. The Windows Phone interface is elegant with a real sense of joy, and the OS's 65,000-plus apps are enough to entertain.
So now we get to how that high NetPromoter score doesn't translate into sales. Windows Phone owners are recommending the OS, but they're not the people others typically go to for phone advice. In a top-down market, it's difficult to build success from the grass roots.
Microsoft still has several chances to build market share. Nokia and AT&T's major push behind the Lumia 900 could change the game, and Windows Phone 8 will probably bring better specs and a broader range of devices in October or November. The good news is that Microsoft has an OS that its users love. Now the company needs to figure out why that love isn't spreading.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.955923855304718}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '156121', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZENHLLKM6XQP4ZRGHS2RFUQV3HKNMBV7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:12d1baca-ad28-441d-8bf0-abef33459e19>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 1, 2, 55, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.70.58.148', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AFKQJ7DYUUOKE6DYAUEG7R6S3RWGF7VQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:87e11f5c-3f09-4496-aa54-20228bcf9203>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2402264,00.asp', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2325695e-5aab-454b-bda2-bd45ee3fe553>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '763', 'url': 'http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2402264,00.asp', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.460288941860199', 'original_id': 'a1f283f14d80c9f3d3cc1b16e4543efda6b8c248c9394254f7fc7689f95d61fa'} |
ON MOTION FOR REHEARING.
HAWKINS, Judge.
Appellant seems to be under the impression that because the present trial was under a new indictment bearing a different number from that under which the former trial was had that it was not the same case, although it was the same offense and therefore *397the evidence taken of a witness upon the former trial could not be reproduced on the present trial.
In Bishop’s New Criminal Procedure, vol. 2, sec. 1195, is found stated the following: “* * * if there has been a prior proceeding involving the same issue between the same parties, conducted regularly in pursuance of law, and therein the defendant had the opportunity to cross examine the witnesses against him, not otherwise — what was on such former hearing testified to by a witness whose presence can not now be had may be shown against the defendant. * * *”
Practically this same proposition was copied from an earlier edition of Bishop and given approval in Hart v. State, 15 Texas App., 202, 49 Am. Rep., 188. There accused had been charged with assault with intent to murder and an examining trial held under such accusation and the testimony of the witness reduced to writing. Before an indictment could be returned the injured party died and accused was indicted for murder. Upon the trial evidence of a witness taken at the examining trial (the witness having died in the meantime) was admitted over the same objection as now urged by appellant; viz: that assault with intent to murder was not the same case as one charging murder. The objection was held by this court to be untenable. The same situation exactly was presented in Dunlap v. State, 9 Texas App., 179, 35 Am. Rep., 736. In discussing the same contention as now made by appellant the court said in the opinion in the Dunlap case: “* * * We are of opinion that, practically, the difference between the two cases, as put by the objection, is rather imaginary than real. It is not pretended (but) that the two investigations involved the same transaction, the difference being as to the grades of the offense merely, affecting the defendant only as to the punishment. Both were between the same parties — the State on the one hand and the defendant on the other.”
See also Stone v. State, 111 Texas Crim. Rep., 547, 15 S. W. (2d) 18, where the principle is approved, but the reproduction of the testimony there offered was rejected because the issues in the two cases were not substantially the same.
In Underhill’s Criminal Evidence, 3rd Ed., sec. 415, treating of the same subject, it is said: “The later trial should be for the same offense, and the accused person should be the same as in the former. It is not material that the later trial is under another indictment, if the offense charged and the parties are identical.”
As supporting the text are cited Reynolds v. U. S., 98 U. S., 145, 25 L. Ed., 244; Putnal v. State, 56 Fla., 86, 47 S., 864. These cases seem to be directly in point and are adverse to appellant’s contention.
The other points urged by appellant in the motion for rehearing are sufficiently considered and discussed in the original opinion.
The motion for rehearing is overruled. Overruled.
| common_corpus | {'identifier': '4898648_1', 'collection': 'Court Listener', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '560', 'token_count': '699', '__index_level_0__': '31875', 'original_id': '822e86da5002ca9f954e21494a61b5425760f47dcad6dc24e267ce224285af0f'} |
“However, one of the challenges for investors, seeking to integrate ESG considerations in emerging market equities, was lack of data. Where scores were available, they are often based on less information and restricted to benchmark stocks, while EM managers tend to invest a significant proportion off-benchmark.”
You may read the article on the Money Management internet site. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '33', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9511918425559998}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24746', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4277TCLNGESTDQYOFQ5KDQRPTPUFRNNI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:46f28d1d-a642-4d7f-8c34-b64c9d9d0f60>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 23, 22, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '206.188.193.47', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EJEYUQAHQ64VEGMOEQEYPV2TPAKGNA3N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5ebd2e3a-a2b7-4f8e-aef5-ca4b759d9075>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.emergingmarketsesg.net/esg/2017/11/03/investors-show-interest-in-em-money-management-november-3-2017/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cb0a2ff1-8b1f-421f-9cc3-4fb14077c027>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '107', 'url': 'http://www.emergingmarketsesg.net/esg/2017/11/03/investors-show-interest-in-em-money-management-november-3-2017/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-92-167.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.41053229570388794', 'original_id': 'ded1076b80bc0fe391079e8f23d803b87f7e458c05bc1f55e0a96fd99fa1c127'} |
I use a program called Sprite Vortex to create animations out of sprite sheets that arent' set up properly.
As far as I know I have only seen an XNA implementation of the XML file the program outputs. Is there an equivalent for Java/Android usage?
I tried to implement the XML file however I am pretty noobish at Java and Android in particular. Perhaps there's another program that does the same thing and is popular with Android devs? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9512062072753906}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34929', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E5NPSMFBIGJA42QGGZ7VROFCA3PAKBUL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:248ff181-a73c-4351-88b7-40409b20e6f9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 30, 6, 15, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '72.10.193.116', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E6TQVJXRKXN746PYQXVQMQDT4KSHOZWV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6f247480-5cc9-48ab-8eaf-b0edf9de9afe>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://forums.devshed.com/android-development-165/sprite-animation-tools-939686.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6b68e56-ce6c-45b5-9ec9-aa17dff69152>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '78', 'url': 'http://forums.devshed.com/android-development-165/sprite-animation-tools-939686.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9157089591026306', 'original_id': '3af87126f242fce2508260ad29ac74844a8299a8e2d614da6883b4c9d3b1db37'} |
Taskbarn API
Taskbarn gives users project management tools. Some features include the ability to organize project tasks to list, communicate with members through private messages and project feed, share files, links and assets, invite clients, colleagues, and friends to collaborate, and access projects from anywhere via the internet. The API allows developers to use the tools in their application.
Enterprise, Project Management
Followers (0)
Sorry, no followers found for this API.
Developers (0)
Sorry, no developers found for this API.
API Mashups (0)
Sorry, no mashups for this API.
Source Code
Sorry, no source code for this API.
WWW-Twilio-TwiML WWW-Twilio-TwiML is a library for Perl that is designed to make generating TwiML straightforward...
WWW-Twilio-API WWW-Twilio-API is a library that's designed to make it easy to connect to the Twilio API...
TwilioFluent TwilioFluent is a collection of libraries for working with Twilio. It includes a fluent TwiML...
TwilioSharp TwilioSharp is a collection of C# libraries designed to help developers create applications that...
Django-Twilio The Django-Twilio library is designed to help developers build Django web applications powered by...
Twilio.rb Twilio.rb is a code library that allows users to interact with Twilio through Ruby applications. It...
Twilio CodeIgniter Library The Twilio CodeIgniter Library is a wrapper for the Twilio PHP Library?? [A basic Twilio REST...
Twilio Node.js Helper Library The Twilio Node.js Helper Library allows developers to access Twilio's voice, SMS, and VoIP...
Twilio Python Helper Library The Twilio Python Helper Library allows developers to issue requests to the Twilio API and generate...
Twilio Ruby Helper Library The Twilio Ruby Helper Library is a gem that allows Ruby developers to issue requests to the Twilio...
Twilio PHP Helper Library The Twilio PHP Helper Library allows developers to issue requests to the Twilio API from PHP code....
Twilio Java Helper Library The Twilio Java Helper Library allows users to issue calls to the Twilio API in Java code. This...
Twilio Client JavaScript, iOS and Mobile VOIP SDKs Twilio Client
Twilio C++ REST SDK The C++ Twilio REST SDK simplifies the process of making requests to the Twilio REST API,... Twilio C++ REST SDK
Twilio Java Client The twilio-java-client library helps Java application developers use Twilio's telephony... Twilio Java Client
Twilio WCF REST Client Library The Twilio WCF REST Client Library is a strongly-typed .NET API to build rich, robust services... Twilio WCF REST Client Library
Developers (0)
Comments (0)
Login or Register as a New User
• Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
Followers (0)
Sorry, no mashups for this API. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '106', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7626489996910095}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '94261', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UQLT2MG4G6JS23SRWZSCRKPCTXH75BB6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7924a51e-237e-4135-9cef-c224b3a0e9f7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 29, 11, 53, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.85.81.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PWSCOW5POV5F5JXXDCZGI7YQZH3RNOJH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fa514b82-bc83-4f1d-a7eb-e75fadac3788>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.programmableweb.com/api/taskbarn?tab=comment', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9044a71e-4fb9-4216-a077-579ed96b5b00>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '524', 'url': 'http://www.programmableweb.com/api/taskbarn?tab=comment', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023238778114318848', 'original_id': '663d339fd230a42f3f5565255edd36a8139bd0547c7b72f9088de6058e6b1e31'} |
Re: Class vconstant
>I'm getting in Sage a class symbol named "vconstant" not declared
>in my code. Is this a hidden class of which constant are instances of?
>Thanks for any explanation.
This is one of my all-time favourites :-)
The 'vconstant' symbol is a placeholder for the [] in
delete [] foo;
but I have no idea why. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8934544920921326}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '2298', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QPPSDG4QLBEP5OGZMJRDP3IZUEFVOLZ2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:cc895ce9-385b-4057-8f2c-f3f9b757284e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 30, 5, 0, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '129.79.247.149', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MOOBVPRQKURULYFBTPGNGX4M7RWWKPOX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7cfc7450-6e9d-4b75-9a3f-bff70982bea5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/sage/sage-bugs.95/msg00184.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f5d6f0dd-25e5-4437-b11e-63c1d685c083>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '52', 'url': 'http://www.extreme.indiana.edu/sage/sage-bugs.95/msg00184.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9623227119445801', 'original_id': 'e197406578779b5b045b2f5e098066287cc87d5502986b4a0581cc6176e53398'} |
Search results
1. triggerfinger12
Integrated Dynamics Peat Automation
Is there a way to automate a forestry peat farm with Integrated Dynamics? I'm trying to use it to detect when bog earth is mature and then output a redstone signal to a block breaker to break the block. My problem is that as far as I can tell, Integrated Dynamics can't detect whatever block...
2. triggerfinger12
Open Astral Sorcery Duplication Bug
Summary of the problem Astral Sorcery Duplication Bug Pack Version 1.0.0 What is the bug? When placing a block to perform a starlight transmutation, if the block is removed, and another one placed, instead of producing the intended material, it will produce the product of the first block...
3. triggerfinger12
Attack of the Memes
Post a meme relating to the previous by being on the same topic, or containing a word that was in the aforementioned previous post, excluding prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. (Titles are allowed, but try to make them noticeable) Here's to start:
4. triggerfinger12
Forestry Breeding Help?
I am looking for someone to explain to me how to do Forestry bee and tree breeding. As many of the little details as possible. If someone can do it with pictures that would be great.
5. triggerfinger12
Mafia Game Thread!
Rolesheet Didn't sign up? Please do not post here! Players: 1. fowltief 2. the_j485 3. Pyure 4. MrMonsterGuy18 5. 016nojr Do not post until I say so.
6. triggerfinger12
Mafia Signups!
The Mafia has really taken a step up. The Chief is weary of all the reports of murders and disappearances. A full day's work includes more crimes than worth mentioning. The townsfolk are angry and fearful. The only thing the Mafia could want: the entire city to be razed. Welcome to Mafia...
7. triggerfinger12
Idiocy at its finest
This one is simple. Read the previous post and say the stupidest thing that comes to your head. Here is to start: Poop | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9204607605934144}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '63568', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:J2XK64CSR24JYKPDF2QV4VFNDONML7I6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a2db1a88-9270-45a6-b8bf-d0e5d7d59045>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 10, 32, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.144.243', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NV2QYXZ2PPYZ63IQ2FFOYMOU53ZUDK22', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9aecfaec-1c49-46cf-b48c-d5181030d545>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://forum.feed-the-beast.com/search/1255186/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d7d3e491-9d70-4c43-8688-9ff44e1a5666>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '321', 'url': 'https://forum.feed-the-beast.com/search/1255186/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4506494998931885', 'original_id': 'c3797b3e472f1112fda3e35cc444f406c32a28b1f23190ff85a988511637d9d3'} |
TY - JOUR T1 - Mbt/PAK4 together with SRC modulates N-Cadherin adherens junctions in the developing <em>Drosophila</em> eye JF - Biology Open JO - Biology Open DO - 10.1242/bio.038406 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - bio038406 AU - Pütz, Stephanie M. Y1 - 2019/03/15 UR - http://bio.biologists.org/content/8/3/bio038406.abstract N2 - Tissue morphogenesis is accompanied by changes of adherens junctions (AJ). During Drosophila eye development, AJ reorganization includes the formation of isolated N-Cadherin AJ between photoreceptors R3/R4. Little is known about how these N-Cadherin AJ are established and maintained. This study focuses on the kinases Mbt/PAK4 and SRC, both known to alter E-Cadherin AJ across phyla. Drosophila p21-activated kinase Mbt and the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src64 and Src42 regulate proper N-Cadherin AJ. N-Cadherin AJ elongation depends on SRC kinase activity. Cell culture experiments demonstrate binding of both Drosophila SRC isoforms to N-Cadherin and its subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, Mbt stabilizes but does not bind N-Cadherin in vitro. Mbt is required in R3/R4 for zipping the N-Cadherin AJ between these cells, independent of its kinase activity and Cdc42-binding. The mbt phenotype can be reverted by mutations in Src64 and Src42. Because Mbt neither directly binds to SRC proteins nor has a reproducible influence on their kinase activity, the conclusion is that Mbt and SRC signaling converge on N-Cadherin. N-Cadherin AJ formation during eye development requires a proper balance between the promoting effects of Mbt and the inhibiting influences of SRC kinases. ER - | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '13', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.880522608757019}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '2886', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7UI3UEBLK7PV2UQXW3KMODYVNU7EI6D7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d8049b8a-7c6f-42c0-8678-e4f0800c129f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 9, 27, 7, 11, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.16.203.19', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/plain', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FH2CVDY2RRMDY7PUXTWFCYGUIXIMX2UZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:679eef91-1ca4-4baa-8589-ff5d584fa035>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bio.biologists.org/highwire/citation/1262839/papers', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9561305d-a49e-4e69-b643-dd2d937fa556>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '228', 'url': 'https://bio.biologists.org/highwire/citation/1262839/papers', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-40\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-127.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.024686038494110107', 'original_id': '4457003707ac9de290752696efda1b0e0c1323f9860e61e959c57acc4406ae1e'} |
The great diaphoretic and anodyne, for colds, fevers and inflammatory attacks, is Dr. Pierce’s Compound Extract of Smart-Weed; also cures colic, cramps, cholera morbus, diarrhea and dysentery, or bloody-flux. Only 50 cents. The Choir. The Rev. Edwin P. Parker writing from Hartford, Ct., to the Christian World makes the following racy remarks on the choir: "Some what recently, one of our magazines published an article by a prominent clergyman, in which he gave an amusing description of the varieties and eccentricities of "performance" in church worship which he had witnessed. Doubtless the Churches of Great Britain are well trained in this respect, but in this land of freedom the order or disorder of Divine service abounds in peculiarities which might make the judicious grieve. It was the privilege of your correspondent to minister in a church, not long since, whose organist and choir is more ambitious than discreet. On entering the church, I was furnished with the "order of service," and the hymns. The opening hymn, for a bright Sabbath morning, was that familiar funeral hymn, beginning:— Unveil thy bosom, faithful tomb, Take this new treasure to thy trust. The second hymn was of the same description. A compromise was gently effected, but it evidently displeased the organist, whose pretty tune was thus put aside. The anthem for the same service on Sabbath morning was: Protect us through the coming night. The deplorable fact is that many of our churches seem to arrange their services with chief reference to the exhibition of the organist and quartet choir. The organist “runs his end of the church.” Any interference by the minister is resented and resisted. All suggestions from him are treated with indifference. It might cost him dearly to meddle with the music, and he generally prefers to keep his fingers out of that fire. It is a miserable condition of things, which is gradually improving. Not long since I was changed with one of the ablest and most honored of our clergymen, who had a choir, of whose prolonged and noisy performances he was weary and impatient. He wrote out for my guidance his order of evening service, and interlined the same with sundry remarks which made it a very amusing paper. I venture to transcribe the same as an indication of the condition of many choir-ridden churches. ORDER.—EVENING SERVICE. I.—Ballooning by the choir. II.—Scriptures read reverentially by the clergyman. III. —Hymn. (Congregational). IV. —Prayer. (Minister all alone and Congregation meanwhile wool-gathering). V.—Gloria. (Further ballooning by the choir all alone among clerestory windows, painted roof, etc., etc. V.—Sermon. VIII.—Hymn. (Congregational.) VIII.—Prayer. (Minister all alone, congregation wool-gathering, putting on gloves, getting ecstatic, ready to spring.) 1 A. — Benediction, Violent Signed while the organ moved off, sky-rocketing and turning handspring, like a drunken Bacchante. X.—Silence and darkness, and the restored presence of God! Your readers can faintly imagine the emotions of the preacher who, with that, annotated and illustrated order of service in his hands, undertook to conduct worship in that church. And, after all, is there not something more than exquisite sarcasm in that final sentence— "Silence and darkness, and the restored presence of God?" Very curious things are now and then reported from the churches. In a Massachusetts parish, the pastor and his wife had received from their parishioners sundry garments—she a new cloak and bonnet, and lit a new suit of clothes. To their dismay, as they entered the church or meeting-house the next Lord's day morning, the choir struck up the hymn— "Who are these in bright array?" It was certainly embarrassing. In this connection, we find the following in home papers: An illustration of the ridiculous and annoying way in which a church choir will sometimes run together the words of a hymn is afforded by the recent remark of a small boy in one of the front pews of a large and “fashionable” church in Boston. The hymn beginning, “The consecrated cross I’d bear,” had just been sung, and in the momentary quiet which followed, the perplexed youth turned to his father and asked in an earnest whisper, “Say, pa, where do they keep this consecrated cross-eyed bear?” An American minister says: “Once our altar asked me, as I was entering, whether I had any objections to changing the closing hymn, for she was expecting some friends that evening, and they could not come till late, and she wanted to sing a solo. And once, at a weekday funeral, our tenor crowded me, even to my embarrassment, with a request that he might be permitted to precede the arrival of the train of mourners with a vocal piece in the gallery, for he had just heard that two members of the music committee of another congregation would be present, and he wished them to hear him, as he desired to secure the place of conductor there.” Among The Maine Editors. THE PORTLAND ADVERTISER. Mr. G. H. Watkins writes from Portland to the Oxford Democrat: It has often seemed strange to me, that the Portland Advertiser is so little known in Oxford county. It has one of the ablest editors in Maine. Mr. H. W. Richardson, and Mrs. Elizabeth Akers Allen are a regular contributor. The selections on the first and fourth pages are always well made, and furnish interesting reading—while the editorial column on the second page contains more real chit than columns in many other papers. One seldom finds such well-constructed, condensed sentences, as those in which Mr. Richardson deals. The Advertiser is doing a large and growing business. New offices have been fitted up, and editor Richardson has two large, well-arranged rooms, for his own private library and literary work. Mr. Richardson writes many historical articles in addition to his editorial work—and I wonder how a human being can accomplish so much in a given time as he does, and yet always keep calm and cool. He is never in a hurry. We believe it is generally conceded that the Advertiser is the ablest evening paper in Maine, and we think the word evening might well be omitted in this connection. Ed. Journal. A BROTHER JOURNALIST AND POET. An old gent, whom we recognized as a brother journalist, and a poet as well, Mr. Sanford, editor of the Hartland Pioneer, marched into the Advertiser office a few days ago, and as he was looking decidedly dilapidated, having one arm bandaged and supported in a sling, one eye discolored, and his whole appearance suggesting that he had met with rough usage, as though he had slandered somebody and had just met the aggrieved party, we naturally asked him how he came to be in that condition. He then told us how he was on his way to a funeral in Canaan, when his horse took fright at a cat, or something in the road; how he was thrown violently to the ground, and after lying senseless for quite a long time, awoke to consciousness to find one of his shoulders dislocated and himself all broken up otherwise; how he hired twenty teams to scour the towns of Canaan, Renton and Pittsfield in search of his missing horse, and how the horse was found near the scene of the accident, after they had hunted all day, etc., etc. He also informed us that the Pioneer was temporarily suspended. Whether or not the suspension was owing to lack in the editorial department of the proverbial editors' propensity to prevaricate, he did not divulge. [Pittsfield Advertiser. The Cape Horn Route to China. Captain Robert L. Forbes, of Boston, has recently suggested to the Hydrographic Office a new route for vessels from the United States to ports in Japan and Northern China. His suggestion substantially is that vessels leaving American ports during the months from August to November inclusive, and arriving on the China coast during the season of the north-east monsoon, “could accomplish the voyage in a shorter time by the way of Cape Horn than by the route around the Cape of Good Hope.” The researches of the Hydrographic Office on this point, though not conclusive, show apparently that this voyage can be made via Cape Horn in about fifteen days less than by the old passage north of Australia and in about twenty-five days less than by the passage south of Australia. Captain Forbes’ suggestion is eminently worthy of the study of navigators commanding ships fully able to breast the high seas and furious gales off Cape Horn. From April to October ships rounding the Cape of Good Hope and bound to the East have a fair wind and fine weather, with the southwest monsoon. But from October to April it is otherwise. When the long stretch of the Pacific trade wind belt is considered it would seem highly probable that by going round Cape Horn and availing herself of the Humboldt current to get into the trade winds, a vessel in our winter would make better time than by going through the Indian Ocean. Barring alone the rounding of Cape Horn, the passage suggested by Captain Forbes is freer from nautical risks than through the Indian Ocean. N. Y. Herald. An Advance in Fish Culture. Science says: Heretofore, in planting salmon, it has been customary to place the little fish in the streams and allow them to care for themselves, but the new idea of placing them in protected preserves, where they can be cared for by the people living near at hand, and their growth to the proper size assured, will, no doubt, revolutionize salmon culture. A similar experiment has lately been made at the station of the U. S. Fish Commission at Wytheville, Va., where 30,000 California trout have been confined until they have become vigorous fish of half a foot in length. They will be used, instead of helpless, try just freed from the yolk sac, in stocking the Atlantic Slope with this fine species. The conclusion of the Clendon Brook experiment will be eagerly looked for, not only by anglers and economists, but by zoologists generally, to whom the extension of the actual habit of a large river fish, some three degrees to the southward, will be a matter of considerable interest. Literary News and Notes. General McClellan’s personal recollections will soon be published. Mr. W. H. Gibson will take the admirers of his pen and pencil on “A Winter Walk” in the Christmas Harper’s. The interesting topic of “Faith-cures,” will be treated “without gloves” in the December Century, by the Rev. Mr. Schauffler, who has paid particular attention to the subject. Science has removed its publication office to New York in order to become more strictly a newspaper. It will aim to treat all public questions of scientific interest as well as to give The latest scientific news. The Index of Babyhood's first year, which accompanies its twelfth number (November), comprises nearly four hundred titles, and gives an idea of the subjects covered by this novel mother's companion in its first volume. Science for November 13th, should be read by all lovers of fresh shad. It contains an article fortified by nearly a page of statistics showing our dependence for an adequate supply of this esteemed fish upon artificial methods of production. Lippiucott's magazine will make its appearance next year in an entirely new dress. The double column will be done away with, and the page will be printed in large, clear, bold faced type. A new cover will add to its attractions, and the subscription price will be reduced from $3 to $2 per year. The New Bedford (Mass.) Standard inquires: "Is the Hub about to cease to be the Athens of America? When the old standbys—Holmes and Whittier and Trowbridge—follow Longfellow and Emerson and Thoreau, who is coming to take their places and keep up the literary reputation of the Athens of America?" Mr. Howells' annual farce has now come to be expected as a regular feature of the year, quite like Thanksgiving and Christmas. It will appear, as usual, in the December Harper's, and introduces again our old friends of "The Sleeping Car," "The Register" and "The Elevator." "The Garroters" is the title. The last work of Mary Agnes Tinker, the Maine novelist, is a study of Italian life, called "Aurora." It is said to contain a number of clever sketches of character, but to lack of cleverness of construction. The materials are admirable, but not well put together. “Aurora” is a pleasant book, however, and will prove a success. The “Holiday” edition of Every Other Saturday for November 1, 1885, will contain several Illustrated articles, with Portraits, including sketches of Rev. M. J. Savage; Harriet Beecher Stowe; Louisa May Alcott; Giuseppe Gari Baldwin; the author of “America”; Anna Katherine Green, author of “The Leavenworth Case”; William M. Thackeray, etc. Mrs. Caroline Dana Howe is a Portland lady whose poems have graced many noted occasions in our city and state, and have always elicited the most favorable comment. She has written much, including many poems and devotional songs set to music. She is now about to issue (at the urgent request of friends) through Luray. Short A Harmon, a volume of her writings for the holiday season. There will be a great demand for the work and especially through this State. [Portland Press. The Town Topics Publishing Co., 23 Park Row, New York city, publishers of Town Topics (formerly the American Queen) are one of the most entertaining weekly journals of the country, are offering to subscribers prizes of £100 cash, to be won on conditions that seem very liberal. Judging from their circular, the plan is decidedly ingenious and entertaining, and will doubtless meet with great success. Full particulars may be learned from circulars which will be sent from their office in New York on receipt of a one-cent stamp. “Mark Twain” has written for the forthcoming December Century “The Private History of a Campaign that Failed”—an account of his own personal experiences as a youthful “rebel” in the early days. Of the war, this “war article” is illustrated with maps drawn by the author, and some striking pictures by Kemble. There is said to be nearly as much tragedy as comedy in the sketch, which has a special value as showing the fluctuations of opinion at the breaking out of the war, and the entirely amateur character of some of the early campaigns. The Christmas Harper’s Magazine will be strong in stories. Besides instalments of Miss Woolson's “East Angels” and of Mr. Howells’ “Indian hummer,” and the latter’s farce, “The Garroters,” illustrated by Reinhart, there will be a Christmas story, “Wav down in Lonesome Cove.” by “Charles Egbert Craddock” (Miss Murfree), illustrated by Dielman; another, “The Madonna of the Tubs,” by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, said to be the strongest short story she has written, illustrated by Smodley; a third tale, “Eliher Fevorel.” by Brauder Matthews, Illustrated by Pyle; and a “ghost story” “Wyvern Moat" by George H. Houghton, illustrated by the artist himself. The Pansy, a charming little magazine for both week-day and Sunday reading, is edited by “Pansy” and holds the first place in the hearts of the children, and in the approval of earnest-minded parents. Among the attractions for the week will be Pansy’s serial story. “Reaching Out,” the Golden Text Stories under the title of “Six O’clock in the Evening,” a charming story. Margaret Sidney entitled "St. George and the Dragon," and lots of other good things, including a milliard poem in each number suitable for recitation in school or circles. The magazine is fully illustrated and the subscription is only £1 a year. D. Lothrop & Co., publishers, Boston, Mass. Hermann Grimm's recent series of remarkable articles on subjects connected with modern literature, which have attracted the attention of scholars throughout Europe, have been translated by Miss Sarah IL Adams, and will shortly make their appearance from the press of Cupples, Upham & Jo., under the general heading of “Literature.” The topics embrace such subjects as Ralph Walker Emerson, Voltaire, Frederick the Great, Macaulay, Bettina Von Arnim, the Brothers Grimm, Albert Diner, Dante, etc., etc. It is seldom that an author stands so completely alone in his greatness as Hermann Grimm in Germany today. Like Goethe in his generation, he stands forth the single, solitary man of genius left to modern German Literature. The November number of Babyhood contains an article which, if read and thoroughly digested by half the mothers of recent arrivals in the human family, could not fail to add materially to their mutual comfort, to say nothing of vanquishing, in advance, the dyspepsia with which many babies are destined to find themselves handicapped a few years hence. The writer is Dr. L. E. Holt, visiting physician to the New York Infant Asylum, and he heads his article with the simple and suggestive word “Colic.” Mrs. E. W. Babcock describes “A Philosopher in the Nursery,” Mrs. M. A. Allen writes on “Children’s Fancies,” Marion Harland on “The Baby Prowler,” and a great variety of other topics, from Lacteal Sterility down to safety pins, are treated more or less elaborately. [18 Spruce Street, New York. $1.50 a year. The November number of The United Service Magazine contains Sherman’s Campaign of 1864—Resaca, by Gen. O. O. Howard; The Regular Infantry in the First Bull Run Campaign, by Maj. D. Parker, 9th Infantry; Scouting on the Staked Plains with McKenzie in 1874 (conclusion); Indian Wars in Texas, by Gen. De shields; The Recent Rebellion in the Northwest Canada; The Cruise of the U. S. sloop-of-war Vincennes, by Lt. Browning, U. S. N.; Liberty Bell, a poem; Progress in Modern Artillery and Fortification; Wreck of the Oracle, by Lt. Hawthorne, 2nd U S. Artillery, and the opening chapters of two serials—A Zealot in Tulle, by Mrs. Wildrick and Cadet Life at West Point. During the War, by Capt. Chas. King, U. S. A. Editorial notes, book reviews and service literature complete and excellent number of this valuable magazine. T. H. S. Hamersly, publisher, 835 Broadway, New York. I am yet apt to think that men find their simple ideas agree, though in discourse they could found one another with different names. [Locke.] I have suffered with the rheumatism for the last four years, and now from the use of Athlophoros am comparatively free from it. I consider Athlophoros a wonderful medicine, and have recommended it to everyone. Mrs. L. F. Jones, Barnstable, Mass. Ancient Relics and Curiosities. Richmond recently had a Congregational Art Exhibition and the Bee has an excellent three-column report of what was to be seen. We pass over the pictures and take up the relics. The Bee first describes a chair, originally the property of Governor Hancock, of Massachusetts, and now owned by Mrs. W. C. Curtis: “The funeral urn and somber drapery which constituted the ornamentation of this ancient piece of furniture was characteristic of colonial times, and convinced us that the venerable relic was worthy of our confidence. Another chair, scarcely less ancient, was exhibited by Mrs. A. C. Spaulding. Mrs. Spaulding also contributed a pair of white satin shoes that were worn by her great-grandmother ever so long ago. They were modeled after a more absurd pattern than any shoes of modern make, and were doubtless considered quite the thing in their day and generation. A wedding dress, embroidered by Miss Ann Larks and worn 100 years ago, was to a certain extent identified with the local history of Richmond. The lady lived at what was once known as “Lark’s Ferry,” a place which some of our older readers have described as “Lark’s Ferry.” Residents may remember. A bit of figured cloth 200 years old was displayed by Mrs. William Tomlinson. Mrs. W. J. Curtis contributed some quaintly designed silver pepper boxes that were 100 years old. A bit of cloth ornamented with a picture of a railroad train, was said to be made a century ago. A splendid feather cape “worn by a Boston lady in high life 100 years ago,” was furnished by an unknown exhibitor. A diminutive flag-bottomed chair, 12 years old and made in Havre, France, was also the property of Miss Fanny Muarr. A child's dress, seventy-three years old (the dress, not the child) modestly gave no clue to its ownership. A sampler, wrought in 1,000 by one Lucy Hildreth, of Bath, and setting forth the record of the Hildreth family was shown by Mrs. Abial Libby. Mrs. Sawyer Chesley furnished a cup and saucer 100 years old. It is safe to say that no hired girl has ever been permitted to handle them. Some old prints representing a quilting bee, a kitchen scene, were the property of Mrs. Edward Call. Mrs. Woodworth, whose long sea voyage with a husband, Captain Woodworth, have enabled her to procure countless curiosities from foreign lands, furnished some remarkable contributions. An immense albatross, caught at sea by her son, James, Jr., finely carved Japanese cabinets and work of various kinds, a magnificent picture of the ship Eureka, under full sail, and wrought in silk, heathen gods iron various parts of the world, leather tans, and a score of remarkable curiosities which I cannot be described in detail, were included in the Woodworth collection. Mrs. L. exhibited some elegantly carved ivory fork-and-spoon; Mrs. F Cooper, Chinese and Japanese embroidered work; Mrs. Harward, fine specimens of silver war; J. W. Spaulding, Japanese tea caddy. Mrs. K. W. Small, wax dower in glass case. J. W. Chapman, a large puzzle picture frame; Mrs. I. W. star bird, negro doli manufactured from a black stocking; New Zealand foot molds made of bamboo skin, exhibitor unknown; Miss Sarah L. lined, shell work from Paris; Mrs. J. F. Friable, wonderful lace made from bamboo fiber; Capt. S. W. Stuart, dying fish, napkin ring made from the wood of the frigate Constitution, and rattle-shipped from a snake’s tail; James M. H.agar, a miniature cotton bale from Yogei & Walker of New Orleans. A W. Walker of New Orleans, a pleasant's shoes from Antwerp, by an exhibitor whose name was not given; painted marble by Mrs. J. F. Friable; bead bag from Italy by Mrs. F. Lovell; Mrs. Henry Libby, a handsome newspaper holder; Miss Lura Lark, a specimen of perfumed wood; Mrs. D. S. Richardson, a curious church made by an invalid; Mrs. John Conner, her rated Japanese panels; Mrs. Jane M. Hall, screen ornamented with embroidered designs; Mrs. Samuel Blanchard, magnificent feather cape; Mrs. A. C. Spaulding, a Chinese fan, elegantly carved in ivory by Captain Lord. In Demerii, and a mud of ladders for a hand-me-schooner ya. In, made after the famous “apricots,” and built an iron ship by the late Capt. Wm. H. Alexander; Dr. K. A. Smith, specimen of the taxidermist’s art in the realm of the law, hawk, etc., and a fine collection of Mineral from the Richmond High School. The W. C. T. F. of Skowin-gan, have a large exhibition, the collection including many quaint and curious things. There was an old portrait of Wm. Ladd, painted in 1751; a map of Cumberland county, drawn by Fitzgerald, in 1812; a large and pinball made by the mother of Ralph Waldo Emerson, more than two hundred years ago; a writing desk more than a hundred years old; a small cabinet over a hundred years old; a small cabinet of carved ivory, a large collection of china, vinegar, and other rare things, punch bowl, and a hundred years old; a collection of china, vinegar, and other rare things, punch bowl, and a large collection of fancy work made by the head Indians of Washington Territory. The exhibit includes a collection of ornamental works, presented, tripling about ten years ago, worth to make it. The collection of paintings and fancy work is said to have been very fine. Ed on the Coast of Iceland. The steamer State of Pennsylvania, Among the passengers who arrived in New York on the steamer State of Pennsylvania, Friday, was the crew of the fishing schooner, Alice M. Williams of Gloucester, Mass., wrecked on the west coast of Iceland, September 4th. Captain Pendleton and mate L. Ivvard lug: roll, and thirty men composed the crew. On April 27th they left Gloucester for the halibut tishing ground on the west coast of Iceland. During the passage, the weather being bad throughout, the schooner was caught in the ice and remained there for 14 days. When at last they reached the destination, which was in the beginning of June, extremely boisterous weather was encountered, storms continuing until the middle of July. Then a change for the better set in and eighty tons of fish were captured. It was determined to set out for home, but the weather again became bad and the vessel ran into Pradyback Bay with a view to obtaining shelter, and by taking advantage of circumstances the beleaguered crew reached the harbor of Isafjord, on the north side of the bay. Here they remained until Sept. 4th, when taking advantage of a slant wind an attempt was made to beat out of the harbor. The vessel struck on a rock and was totally destroyed with all it contained, but the crew reached the shore in safety. They then started to cross the icy mountains. For thirty-eight hours nothing in the shape of food had passed their lips, and with wet clothing frozen to their limits they began a terrible journey in the freezing cold for a distance of forty miles, finally reaching a fishing village called Peldalf. When they at last arrived at that place, Capt. Pendleton said, "Capt. Pendleton said in getting the "kippled" of a Norwegian smack to take him and his crew to Dryrafford, from which place a merchant named Graham became responsible for their passage to Granion on the mail steamer Thyra. American consul, Dear Malmos, at once took charge of the shipwrecked men. One of them had his feet so badly frozen that he was left behind, and went to Leith's sailors' home, where he was cared for. Capt. Pendleton said that Mr. Thirwood, the consul at Peith, treated them very highly." Y unkindly and refused to assist them in getting dog to their homes, but that Consul Malmos guaranteed their passage money and showed them every attention. Burdette Fails to Catch On. Somehow or other, my boy, this old world seems to be getting away; I don't seem to catch on, somehow. Mr. Beecher dares himself a Cleveland Republican, the man Mr. Curtis promises himself an Irishman, and now he is reading Maugaar's German deriares that he is a Bob Ingraham Presbyterian. I am just waiting day for old Garrison to get out of his grave and dare himself a Protestant, and then I am going to join the Roman Catholic Church of American Protestants and see if the Irish-Americans can't do something for the American in English prisons. I tell you, my son, these are stirring times, and a man should be blind if he cannot feel the low murmurs, distant thunder that weighs for heaven in the summer darkness of its glaring streets. I suppose it's all rigid, my son, but I understand it at all, and I think I don't desire to understand it for much wisdom is much greater than that. It's that because of the great knowledge in respect of sorrow. Burdette. A Character Study. A gray-haired man stood with his hat in hand on the yielding border of New Town Creek the other day. A bob-tailed, dejected looking dog stood by his side. The man was as bald as a winter squash. His head gleamed in the sun like a tin rooster on. With her vane, he gazed mournfully across the wide salt meadows. So did the bob-tailed dog. In the distance, where the mists were rising, great ships, seen dimly, were riding out to sea. A breeze swept through the meadows until the tall bog grass rustled and aesthetic, cat-tails knooked their heads together until their brown face was scattered about like feathers at a cockfight. The breeze was the dried October air, laden with many odors. Boston Post. James Cl. Blaine has been living at Augusta, Me., and has recently built himself a fine residence near by Eilworth. In the first place, he is on the heels of Senator Frye, and in the last place on those of Mr. Hale, he means to have the succession to one or the other in the Senate. [Exchange. If the writer of the above item could only realize how utterly imbecile and absurd it is, he would want to go off to the woods somewhere and die. But he probably has not sufficient brains to enable him to find out how big a fool he is. Gov. Hill of New York has already started a Presidential boom for himself, and a New York despatch to the Boston Record says: “There is no love lost between Hill and Cleveland, and a direct fight is to be made against the administration by Hill and his men." We regard this fight as the woman die the contest between her husband and a bear. “It is not necessary to know how to swim to be able to keep from drowning.” says an exchange. Of course not. You only want to know enough to keep away from the water. President Grevy, of France, has sustained a slight shock of apoplexy. This attack renders his re-election to the presidency impossible. The Phillips Phonograph has changed from a quarto to a folio—a decided change for the better. So far as our reading extends the Mugwump appears to have no friends. Local Lore and Legends. The Bangor Historical Magazine publishes the following Castine and Penobscot names, etc., copied from the account book of Col. Gabriel Johnson, of Castine, beginning Dec. 25, 1785, and running to 1790, and showing the names, occupations, and places of residence of those with whom he had business: OF MAJ. ALFRED WADDE. 17.80, John Lowder, ex-officio officer, wife of the deceased, and Dan. Avis and Widow Proble, Whittemore, William Preston, Edward Carter, laborer, and son, Andrew Steel and Charles Stewart, laborers. Aaron Banks, yeoman, and Aaron, -Jr. Joseph Perkins, yeoman and mariner. Turner He Lawrence, shipwrights. William Turner, shipwrights. Joseph Junin, merchant, (the same who was afterward murdered at Bangor, Feb. 18, 1791.) John McCullum, tailor. James Smith. Widow Avis Preble. Mark Hatch, yeoman, and sons. James, John, Mark and Jonathan. Nath. Green, laborer. James Douglass and wife, Robert Califf, for writ, John Page vs. Job Philbrick, Samuel Matthews, mother Abigail and Esther Tirzah. John Perkins, yeoman, daughters Betsey and Sally. Thomas Williams, laborer. George Johnson, William Boynton. Samuel Bartlett, blacksmith. William Goodrich, laborer. Hudson Lisle, mariner. Dorcas Cousins, spinster. Reuben Crindle, yeomen. Thomas Knox, Zachariah Lavine and wife, also of Duck Trap. John Leven, men-cut and naval officer, succeeding George Billings, Esquire, a boy 17-7, had brother Silas, shipmate; gave one to Isaac Cleveland, and paid for qualifying John Brewer, Sept. 21, 17-7, and John Peters, May 18, 17, as deputy naval officer, left on board the line. Solomon Kimball and daughter, Matilda, L. H., merchant, wife, and "Giri E. tta r." Samuel Rogers, blacksmith, goods, and "by the side of Joseph Perkins, yeoman, Mrs. Phebe, sons, James, John, and W. Siam, and his negro girl, Benjamin Lunt, all maker, David Howe, silver-smith, Archibald Haney, yeoman, and wife (ne-terns to have had an extensive business with Ephraim Cook, shoemaker, and wife, John Bray, mariner, Thomas Boden, John Hancock, who is now right, N.dju Palmer, ship carpenter, James Jones, laborer. David Moure, carpenter. ><dh Gardner, It •'■ert MeLellan, Eben Roby . Jo.-dmu Woodman, li>n liolder. Widow M irv Arofiibaid. brands \d ims, laborer. Widow Mary Craw ford, son Jam-' - and Miss Peggy. James t.raw ford, haLer J din Haz leton. James Pollard, laborer, am; -« u I>. l’rebie (?) Richard Hun new ell, trader, ad negro man Emanuel. Jv'l w.•!.•., < ...-ti-, >amud Miurrldgi,-. Jau.e Barton ? and wife. Winslow y Joy, merchants .->an,uel Winslow. Thatcher A v ery, yeoman and mariner, ci., by three passages from Boston to Penobscot, Dee. d, Mrs. J., Mr. J , and Mrs Morri-, nm, 1- -iibiimr-: also, Mar-h 21, IT--, m\ pa.-s:i”e, r. - hi I ling -, and -on Jo seph, 4 shilling - ' ' rn-1 W.-blu r. A • .-us M< Inli.x. lat'orci ; al.-o Duck Trap. II •/ kiah P dlav .. laborer. Wheelwright and Billings, merchants. Sam in 1 W!,i elvvrDet. William Loti-.-, 1 >a k*-r. Km. a .x VVoodn ■ V\ V\ seott, yeo man, air. -on Tin ina- William Motif. Da no-; Costin, laborer. John Barton. Oliver Mann, piiv sleinn. Thomas Binnc,, shoemaker. Natlmi.n l Farley. El-a Web.-b r. •■obit (.loner, black-a.ith of M \o vBtnvv \i>r< t: ipvnu. Thomas Nutter, Gerslmm Vanillin, and Dai l- l Perkins, yeonnn. Jo-nun Grindlc, Joseph Iflb bert, Jr., and wife, ami N.-.m-y. Joshua Gray. Jr., (. hri-iopher Gray, and Joan Gray, yeoman. Wll lia.m Grin.tie. Franris Boden, mariner Ephraim Lord. Jol Mil* • mm John Griudle. tie 1 Know!' Sam he! W« »i and wife. > *.i.i V. a/ie and wife. P-iah Jaeobs, labor, r, “ d' in Noek.” Tu.a teller \ver\ b«r lira wing apprentice's indenture to biml hi.- i> • , Wiliiam -tip-on. Ar-ud bal-l Haney, for lai.i i. •• b-po-iii-.n- of John Doug las, -John Com ion a. mi E :iplm iet L- - well. <>r Heorge Hi 1 lings, . tval • :1 i - • ■■ . id ( -••rr»n I who held the oiil.-r. j Widow ,\ In .* (minor. John fon lon, yeomai S M . per. Davi Wilson. Wr ia-.i Nut;.-;- i c. lie Sarah. Widow Mary P'-rkin ' r.. !>;, 1-.• »• ?• i»■ _r my house from •work t o o. \\ nwillmu-o and -» o oh \Y 1 r, laborers. WiJ. Hum W i •>• at. Nath. Perkins. ' • •,»1:i• and mariner. 1 Immas Wa — n, ynomaii. >>ih Bh.-lgett, mariner. John Bray, do. Moss Hi,:;• • •, e mm, am: hi -. in law, Luxt 1! u s, 1 {ii hard ami Mo-.*- P.i::i-he:., y eouwn. N- :b M,< .re, inborer. Jcrend il; .bn .l.-one.- Taylor A >"i:. William Webber, ’.aimer, t via Jordan. Hen Howard, of Carrying P; . Palls. 11.Howard, Jr., and Samuel, vm >d Hen. ^r. Pel ifili freeman, yeoman, ami - • »n Kiehar I. Wb.Hm Pir.-en, slmp U«*• pel-. Preem:.i: and bin:,, . io tire W bPl.-te >:v. < )li \ er Palki r. . eoinan. V\l,|o\v M'dlei nbel Lit! I tieid. John Mel termor, lai" rer. M-rihaui W'ih,ni. i■ imnft11. J ones Douglas, blacksmith. William ih'o in ,vi, ..per. Jo-ian Le i\ in, physician. Thus. P'o id-, mariner. W i-l-ov Maiy -lover. Wihiam "bo ;-r. Kl'-lmrd W-I.I tetiio!- , -hoetn iker. Pol!-.. Heteiem William Paine, 'ra -r >-:mi.ei ami J- ho Wasson, eomcn. l • •. iel Laneastei J t tniali Wardwell, I *.ii,;• *! P.lake all I. |- Powell, vn> men. Ttn.nut.- Phillips, merchant. V- ham Park, do. Abagail Matliews a., i soi >am. Barnabas Higgins, earpi liter. “CAPE U< <SK V.’ Jesse In.brook, mariner. -"eia.li'n Pie!!- ( o.-mh-, -on Prince, Jonat iian, I* r a e d I". IT-*—1 ■“ J. bought L of I loinrook's Mil <,i », I p j.-r jL-im John Hak< ni ii, i son John, Audr -w Blake. J"i,ii ( "in-.. Id, i M i ;,. on n. Mnhiael Dyer and dm; i-ibe, ;. bem < irlebu Joseph Young. \ lon.; Island i.ki.tm». \ e »rit*s|. • lln* following in a scrap ho.ex; \i H ugh s i* mi. I.ei.g I-iand, a dr.ightful .-pot. ■-t* d for a home m .veoiint of it- ocauty . du . It >: i>ae W iiiiam-. hi ITT'.* the Hri i-.. wen at < - ie*. Their < tl'mets werea'-.-itstoimM to \ i-'.i i, i- !-. a w i. i.-u. - for rest and pleasure, a,id •) \ a w of i- hi 1-and oeean from A.'rant's moum iin Wllll-ims hal*‘ l tm- Brili-b u if;. a pan i i ’- u . : d. !>i.t i I - !■«-.-1:iii fa! daughter fell i:. <>ve wiih her I'.ither’s enemies, named Jm-g-. • I •nr-e "I trm love did me nn. • ; ■." ! • ;- n ~?:o .• r. Her father "ppo- d tip- 1,1.10 i. a:,-: i ii I• . i - \v r obliged !-’• mill elvaie-llm |y. W i :it I- , alive, 1 formed from tfie I-iand tot a-fin «>■■■■■■ i-lteg Jack - 11 .-la: i U| the tee. 1" v i-it tin* i 11.-o e maiden. He Inn! M nriy <-■•;, dvd •!.- -ho*e, guided by a light in the lad; ‘ • wind *\v, but t he sun and will! mid lie,-!, a! u or-.. i|;v pi-\-o.i- dav . ai.d tm i'-e had isreouic - wi ,d. tnai when near tin-shor i! broke and the imfort.mat" i.o . r w .».- pr. mpiiah d into the icy e Id water. til- crb-. f.-j b.-ip u. v* heard from tie- sh-we, inn were mu understood. Their diminishing (on -s -.. -eamd an l m -ank. I n tm spring n in u t ie :• ■ ■ ii a i , !•.parted, m- body was thrown upon tin* , ; m- nn >. v» -. il was di-covered ly- W !. hn■ - .i i inn led in .ill -ud potato pit. Soon after till- W ;• am - v i-i!t d Pa-l m.-and uas ai ris'.ed by the BriUsii, ki pi • lo-v ■. ,ie men! till t i v.e. ks, !l d, a :d h o di re!ea-e,|. 'Idee iady iii time f'-rgot he. _ and mure !. lu-r di-seeiidan! - il.o\ iltlmd.' I.ie e.,;i I,,1. i Jiiough the waters of the bay. '.VIt.LIAM I I U 1,1.. Di . 12, m -.iii thi- l ei ,.r i oj dims. It and famdy on I-ieshoro. Me., i. • -a - B vigor lli-i.hieal Ma ; . dm * * i landed u bn m v fain:! v on i I - hind * Mar lied franc W ad-Woi tli, >e:'t. in',." * i :ren Kind..mires in brmmeis .*v tie- , sitor 1. \ 1N-"S. ... July 14, h- j Marrli . N i • •: ■ •. ii"i:i_lit* r ot saniii,- P . :!. t-m, i». iTi'2. Probai.ly m ■ v. ; • N■ -rtl.o *rt. I . Al.HW, o June l» , i.iv« . V'rlh I" >.'t w t '•linden.! ill. 1*ict :»i m i:, ii. •' ip « m. TT> i. - U • iMb, m Noh d. i7. ;. ..led i1 :;;i 1* Mill s, , Aplii b*. IT7T; die -«■’ :. eh IT7-, >;t(■ rd.r.. \ i. ts: • > W AsutNi. ;■ .N, Ii. April 2". i 7- , Mar rie-i Abigail P. . a. to,, Lived • lh ta -t. He lost his way at a. 1-12. They left it, via. D. W. William I. Bar- i.-t..Maria \. in, I •, min 1. h.j-n i.,.y J>..-12. a leimu.-.j Iron B>.: i-1 i''o.. Me. At Linn is, h. \pt. i!:.. I hid a; n i... W 1 li Jam. p : N 2d i TSS. -• ill '.IN I ||i Ml A. OI ■ o’clock in the morning train. Died Jam. 12. P> X. Mi.VI.LN..1. A.. IS IT'S \\. l a. XI Wi.iANi.i nr,lay. • N..2 I W m. I 'u. '. -■ mi:: I db lb ' other low n..tli' - M oed., •. probably to V.rthpori P'Tli'K. AM'S,, nil v • I!i I M UiKli’li. : . : O Nit i ' ' . i ■ an ! I . v '"ill' - .: \ ■ ' a, M •-•. H :;mi >\ ante : • m.ai I'i* • i. There >\ a - i-o mi tisier within thirty mi.es, am. -o |pe\ -u ried lln in-eive- »»n the town reeovd.-. un ler date of 17s", is the eontraei ... igreeiug in “t j ivseli'-e of i.o.l, the .iht-'i- ill i tin -e witnesses . 1 j.iv,-, loeherlsh an I mun i -1.. am to“l<»v; .lioimraml ooey " as hu-iuitid ".ii : uifo -olong a.sio'd .-lioti! : , •niiniu-tin ir IIn e- Dr. W. B. I.apham, tin- antb tj iirbin, wh" contributes t.l ,;,s -hi rai'l t>» lln Maine i aimer, -a; limt nilT- ugh he bad beard d sue!, trausacLioii.s t'et'on . ltd- Is the only one of the kind trial he over i mud recorded. Temperance Topics. dildgt • • '..II 111 at Bockinnd mlvor;,!. ! tha . in(>ii«ymem of police men enough to sot .1 watch, d ty and nVit, on each place where it i- known c su-pecio! ttiat liquor is sold, lie thought the fi»nn.ili«m >i a prohii it-*ry political party liad In cu an injury to the temper anee cause. Almira Phillips' husband, living in Lee, Mass., got drunk last winter in a salon in that town, and on ids way home fell from a loud «»f wood, hurting ldinself so that he has not bet u able t<* work since. >iie sued the liquor seller, Michael Mahone. t r 11,000, and the jury gave her $1-'*. It was tin lirst case In Berkshire county under damage claim <*f the license law s. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn78000873_1885-11-19_1_1_2', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '6893', 'token_count': '10586', '__index_level_0__': '2564', 'original_id': '91913233a75db88201f7551a0b7f511a7f1b943fc6a032d4d14413f8052f5f36'} |
Do the Dodd-Frank Act’s anti-retaliation provisions protect whistleblowers who report securities frauds or violations to their employers, if they do not also report them to the SEC? This question is of particular concern to an SEC whistleblower lawyer, who may be faced with a client who has been retaliated against or fired by his or her employer for blowing the whistle internally to the company.
Since at least 2013, this may be the most often-litigated question arising under the SEC whistleblower program. It is a question that has split and divided many U.S. District Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals.
Last week, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear and decide a case involving this very question.
Dodd-Frank’s Anti Retaliation Provisions
The actual title of the statute that codifies the SEC whistleblower program is “Securities Whistleblower Incentives and Protection”. (15 U.S.C. § 78u-6.)
One subsection of the SEC whistleblower statute provides that:
No employer may discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, directly or indirectly, or in any other manner discriminate against, a whistleblower in the terms and conditions of employment because of any lawful act done by the whistleblower —
in providing information to the Commission in accordance with this section;
in initiating, testifying in, or assisting in any investigation or judicial or administrative action of the Commission based upon or related to such information; or
in making disclosures that are required or protected under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, this chapter .. and any other law, rule, or regulation subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission. (Citations omitted.)
(15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(1)(A).)
An employee who believes that he or she was retaliated against in violation of the above provisions has the right to bring a private lawsuit in an appropriate U.S. District Court. (15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(1)(B).)
The relief available in the private lawsuit “shall include”:
reinstatement with the same seniority status that the individual would have had, but for the discrimination;
2 times the amount of back pay otherwise owed to the individual, with interest; and
The Split Among The Courts
The reason why federal courts have disagreed over the answer to this question has to do with the language in the statute itself.
In addition to the sections cited above, some of the provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act and the SEC whistleblower statute specifically mention reporting to the SEC. Other sections do not.
Some courts have interpreted the various sections of the statute to mean literally what they say. Other courts have said that the wording, or the differences in wording from section to section, create ambiguities with regard to what the U.S. Congress really intended.
The SEC has written amicus briefs in several court cases brought by employees — what are sometimes called “friend of the court” briefs. In those briefs, the SEC has taken the position that the SEC whistleblower protections do apply to employees who only blow the whistle internally to their employers. (See, e.g., the Brief of the Securities and Exchange Commission Amicus Curiae in Liu Meng Lin v. Siemens AG, 13-4385, Dkt. No. 50 (2d Cir.), filed on Feb. 20, 2014.)
Some courts that have found the statute to be ambiguous have deferred to the SEC’s interpretation, under what is known as the Chevron doctrine. Other courts have refused to adopt the SEC’s position, and have instead made their own interpretations.
Both the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit have ruled that the SEC whistleblower protections do apply to employees who blow the whistle internally, even if the employees do not report to the SEC.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit took the opposite view. According to the Fifth Circuit, if an employee only reports the violations internally and does not blow the whistle to the SEC, then the Dodd-Frank anti-retaliation provisions will not protect that employee. As interpreted by the Fifth Circuit, the anti-retaliation provisions only protect employees who blow the whistle to the SEC.
The Supreme Court Case
The case from the Ninth Circuit was Somers v. Digital Realty Trust, Inc. In that case, the Ninth Circuit agreed with the Second Circuit that the SEC whistleblower protections apply even if the employee only reported internally to his or her employer.
The Ninth Circuit specifically disagreed with and refused to follow the Fifth Circuit.
Digital Realty petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to hear its appeal of the case. The question presented by Digital Realty to the Supreme Court was:
Whether the anti-retaliation provision for “whistle-blowers” in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 extends to individuals who have not reported alleged misconduct to the Securities and Exchange Commission and thus fall outside the Act’s definition of a “whistleblower.”
To resolve the question dividing the federal courts, on June 26, 2017, the Supreme Court granted Digital Realty’s petition.
The Supreme Court will hear arguments in the case sometime during the Court Term that begins in October 2017.
Needless to say, this is a case that will be watched closely by employees, SEC whistleblower attorneys, and employers alike.
* * *
As an SEC whistleblower law firm, The Pickholz Law Offices has represented employees, officers, and others in SEC whistleblower cases involving financial institutions and public companies listed in the Fortune Top 10, Top 20, Top 50, Top 100, Top 500, and the Forbes Global 2000. We were the first law firm ever to win an SEC whistleblower award for a client on appeal to the full Commission in Washington, an achievement that Inside Counsel magazine named one of the five milestones of the SEC whistleblower program.
For more information about The Pickholz Law Offices, you can click on any of the links in the margins of this page.
The above information is not and should not be construed as providing legal advice. It is not and should never be considered as a substitute for consulting with your own attorney. The use of this web site or this page does not constitute or create any attorney-client, fiduciary, or confidential relationship between The Pickholz Law Offices LLC and anyone using this web site, or anyone else. The information contained on this website is for informational purposes only. The content of this web site may not reflect current developments. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Results of prior cases or matters contained on this web site are not indicative of future results or outcomes, and should not be taken as a prediction, promise, or guarantee of any future result or outcome. No one who accesses this web site should act or refrain from acting based on anything contained on this web site. For additional terms and conditions governing the use of this web site, please click on the “disclaimer” link at the bottom of this page or click here. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a776d4780d69fcf9e87f459649b451aecbaefe15e009472ca78264c0d9d4a0e6'} |
Saturday, November 5, 2011
In advance of the plunge
Image via ~Miss Talky luvs the ocean~
I think of myself as emotional susceptible. Whereas my lovely husband lives entirely in the world of logic, forms his opinions based on it, and projects emotions as direct result of those opinion-conclusions, I'm spongy and vulnerable to outside influences.
This one, the end of daylight savings, is one of the hardest for me.
I understand our agrarian roots and I understand that if I had to work cattle in Oklahoma in the summer, I'd want the construct of time to shift off the sun's axis for a bit of respite. I don't resent the system logically, but I've already told you my emotions don't often stem from logic. The slow descent we've been experiencing for weeks is something to resent and lament but this hour's jolt into loss and darkness feels unnatural against the lapping waves of my poor unsettled brain, like those thermal springs where you're encouraged to jump from the warm, drowsy water into an ice bath.
I do not like it, and I will be a disoriented, squinty-eyed crankypants tomorrow evening.
Are you emotionally susceptible or impermeable? What does the darkness do to you?
Flattr this Pin It | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9596181511878968}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '524754', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GFQG5Y6A26ZMRLWCTL4VWLVTFESTGR7I', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:52ed623d-283e-4d25-91b6-98437747d1ff>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 9, 7, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.228.204', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:V4VU4SSQE4ZHNEUFCUN3GKT3YWYBZWEC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:77b2c807-b545-4a48-bbbb-3e0fd71643c1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://noteverstill.blogspot.com/2011/11/in-advance-of-plunge.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:009340b4-c8f6-4206-a312-0fe6dc3867d5>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '207', 'url': 'http://noteverstill.blogspot.com/2011/11/in-advance-of-plunge.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.055537521839141846', 'original_id': '5cea7ee4848a09143871e9a1a2f0416d9aebde42ee2f8988993a5503217c35a7'} |
Guest Column
| November 30, 2011
Improving Medication Compliance In A Critical Access Hospital
By Deb Stroud, RN, Mayo Regional Hospital
Like many of the 1,305 certified Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in the United States, the nursing, pharmacy and other professional staff at Mayo Regional Hospital in Dover-Foxcroft, Maine, are continually challenged to do more with less. Adding staff is not an option, so to protect patients we must become more efficient. In our hospital, medication administration has been a big patient safety challenge—as it is nationwide.
According to a 2010 report from the National Quality Forum National Priorities Partnership, preventable medication errors cost the U.S. healthcare system $21B annually, with about $16B from inpatient settings alone (NQF Action Brief: A Roadmap for Increasing Value in Health Care.
Preventing Medication Errors: a $21B Opportunity, November 2010). A 2006 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report shows that medication errors are the eighth leading cause of death. When all types of errors are accounted for—including late administration and skipped doses that do not lead to obvious injuries—it is estimated that there is at least one medication error per hospital patient per day.
Studies suggest (New England Journal of Medicine. Effect of barcode technology on the safety of medication administration, 2010 May 6) that electronic medication administration recording (eMAR) systems that use bar coding to verify medication delivery can reduce errors; so in April 2008, we implemented an eMAR system. Our medication error rate did decrease, but the system revealed a significant percentage of our medications were delivered more than one hour after the ordered time, making "wrong time" our most common medication error.
Most hospitals are familiar with the problem we faced. Nurses spend so much time walking back and forth from the bedside to the automated dispensing device—and waiting in line at the machine— that they fall behind. We're often interrupted when we cross paths with other nurses or visitors, exacerbating medication delays. When audits observed nurses trying to "catch up," time saving steps such as retrieving medications for more than one patient and leaving medications unsecured between patient rooms were noted. Some nurses even bypassed the medication verification system. These issues presented significant patient risks for medication error.
Our first attempt at a solution was a "one time med pass" by a dedicated medication nurse for the 18 beds in our medical surgical unit (surg unit). I was personally tasked to deliver the 9:00 a.m. meds for 13 patients in the unit, but was only able to deliver about half within one hour of the prescribed time. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ca5d3760a89a6f602969f5fba78f89cfe326746cbfe7dcf53f9eb7586a9f42a8'} |
Predictions of the end of Facebook
Various publications and commentators have offered a range of predictions of the end of Facebook, a social media website established in 2004.
Commentators have predicted Facebook's end for causes including a declining user base, legal difficulties of being a closed platform, inability to generate revenue, inability to offer user privacy, inability to adapt to mobile platforms, inability to negotiate with the Chinese government, or Facebook ending itself to present a next generation replacement.
Commentators have predicted Facebook's end for scandals including Facebook's participation in Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, and the March 2018 Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal.
See also
Predictions of the end of Wikipedia
Predictions of Google's end
References
Category:Media disestablishments
Category:Facebook criticisms and controversies | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ad4c438bbda2187960b1f23059193c84500594521d702bbe69720a5c25cbce5f'} |
• Online Maps with Leaflet
Online Maps with Leaflet
How do free and open maps compete with companies such as Google? Make maps and design geo-mashups with HTML and JavaScript.
• RAILS 101
RAILS 101
Beginner's course to learn the current Ruby On Rails for web development.
Didn't find yours? How about creating one? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8771572113037109}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29241', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4B2G6AUWL6GO3AYIR5TF5X422VTQW2V4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fbabfb2b-b917-4301-bd47-a0041e1ac149>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 28, 7, 39, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.164.208.57', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CEAO7U54MAP2OO7D4DBN4KRL6C35KW3G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ceb055f4-cbfd-4faf-99c8-c61f7cb95355>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://courses.p2pu.org/he/groups/?filter_tags=web', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b1f0853a-363e-4e25-a584-e262200adcd6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '66', 'url': 'https://courses.p2pu.org/he/groups/?filter_tags=web', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-142\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.38237887620925903', 'original_id': '4aa7c18f634369c27d200fc09beda9de892b52c5f199f9224efc79d333b6f0f4'} |
The Arrival of the Baby Stroller
Essay (author: Britney Herrera Gutierrez)
The Arrival of the Baby Stroller
Everyone endures enormous amounts of stress, but individuals who have received their fair share of pressure are parents, specifically new parents. Raising a baby is something foreign to these individuals, and although they receive plenty of baby shower gifts that are supposed to help them, the stress of keeping their baby safe can be a torment for the parents. Fortunately, we live in a modern world that is constantly inventing new technology meant to facilitate their lives as they as they strive to become responsible parents. One important and life changing baby innovation is the car stroller which allows parents to transport their babies with security and carries multiple benefits for the baby.
After giving birth naturally, women are left over with a rather large amount of skin and also run the risk of suffering from postpartum depression. This condition is a very serious form of depression that can haunt the mother for over several days. Many people may think that this depression only affects the mother; however, their wellbeing plays a huge role on the attitude of the rest of the family. Israeli researchers have proven that the baby’s stress level rises as does the crying and their performance levels are weak due to the depression of the mother, according to To treat this disorder, women are encouraged to exercise to recover their figure, but more importantly, to prevent periods of depression and to strengthen the immune system of both the mother and the child. One of the most recommended exercises is a simple walk in the park. This action is facilitated with the invention of the stroller that allows the mother to take care of herself as she exercises while safely having her baby with her.
Historical reference
1700s, American
In the 1700s, American mothers might not have been advised to exercise since American doctors were not advanced and could not diagnose and offer the proper treatment. Most illnesses experienced after childbirth were either remedied with physical home-made medicine or sometimes went ignored resulting in the death of the mother. Consequently, after childbirth women were not advised to exercise because it was not diagnosed as necessary, and living in a paternal society with different norms, it was unheard of for women to do such activities, especially with their babies on them, so strollers were not yet invented. Additionally, the economic necessity of raising a huge family to help provide for the household, led to the result of many back to back pregnancies which prevented the mother’s body from fully recuperating. As a result, after conceiving a large number of children the mother died.
Furthermore, in colonial America, there were not a lot of places to travel to since only 13 colonies had been settled and the rest of the western land remained undiscovered. According to, colonies were approximately “301 acres” big and it was small enough for the entire population to gather and hold meetings in the meeting house. As a result, strollers were not largely used because there was only one town and wagons were the primary way to travel to the town due to the immense distance between towns and the surrounding rural homes. In addition, families spent most of their time at home tending to work around the house because there were not many facilities such as grocery stores or parks that were within walking distance like there are now.
Additionally, many parents have more than one child that is involved in many different extracurriculars that are demanding of the guardian’s presence; thus, it has become necessary for a mother in this time period to possess a stroller to easily run errands while caring for their child at the same time. In addition, women back then were strictly restricted to doing household chores and only traveled to restock on food and clothing supplies; therefore, a stroller was not necessary for them since women spent the majority of their time in the house.
Transport the baby and keep it safe
Transport the baby
The main reason for a stroller is to transport the baby and keep it safe while parents do chores and this invention becomes more necessary for single parents. According to, approximately 13.7 million parents in the United States are single parents which creates more pressure on the parent as they try to balance work with raising a child. Back then, families needed to have numerous children to help the father tend the field and do household work and by having many children, the older siblings could take care of the baby as the others helped around. Now, however, many parents do not have the resources nor the privilege to raise a big family with older children that can help them in taking care of their siblings as they all run errands together. Fortunately, the stroller allows the parent to keep the child in the seat while they travel from one place to the other and prevents the baby from crawling out and moving around the store, for example, and running the risk of getting lost or stolen which at the same time, decreases the parent’s stress.
Strollers now provide great protection to shield the baby from harmful sun rays
According to NASA, “30 years of satellite data have found that the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching Earth’s surface has increased markedly over the last three decades.” The amount of radiation entering our earth is constantly increasing as more people are born and more resources are used up. Meaning that the risk for humans to get a sunburn has greatly increased and can have a more negative effect on the fresh and soft skin of newborn babies. It is not advised for parents to take their newborn children out on hot days; however, if one must do so, strollers now provide great protection to shield the baby from harmful sun rays. This baby innovation is more important now because it also comes with a shade that protects the baby from strong sun rays and keeps the baby from developing rashes, blisters, swelling, and even severe fevers. For the modern parent that is always on the go, they can benefit from the new strollers with solar paneled shades which charge the parent’s phone, according to
The stroller has many purposeful uses, but it can also become problematic towards children. While this tool is meant to provide easy transportation for babies, many parents continue to extend its use for their toddlers. Parents may choose to make this choice for various reasons such as, if they are running late for something and need to go there on foot, they know if they let their child walk they will have to walk at the pace of the child; therefore, it is easier to place the child in the stroller, so they can push it to their own pace. Nevertheless, the guardian does not realize that he/she is actually harming the child by not allowing him to work his leg muscles, strengthen their wobbly walk, and by increasing the laziness of the child. Individuals have seen how grown children are practically squeezed into their stroller and begin to gain weight because their body is not getting the amount of movement it needs that helps them maintain an appropriate weight. These habits could then decrease the desire to be active in the children and could increase obesity risks in their later years. Nevertheless, strollers are still very useful to parents whenever their child is sleepy, and they still have errands to run because they can place the child inside the stroller while they finish shopping and once the child awakens, the child can walk to keep a healthy weight. This issue was not present back then because strollers were not invented yet, and children were placed to work around the house as soon as they were of appropriate age.
Fashion Strollers
Fashion Strollers
On a more social note, strollers have also become the object of fashion. Nowadays, parents can buy a decorated stroller based on their likes such as, an army pattern stroller. This apparatus reflects the parent’s personality and introduces the family style to other individuals. Since today’s society is heavily influenced by celebrities, some parents may end up buying this tool simply because their favorite artist was photographed walking their child in a specific stroller. Meanwhile, in colonial times, people did not have the time nor the money to care for fashion and were more concerned with surviving and getting used to their surroundings as colonization continued. Consequently, the need for a stroller was still not present.
Different times and ways of living called for different technology. Back then, children and women did not frequently leave the house to travel around the neighborhood. The small size of the town and its limited variety of stores did not call for strollers because wagons were the main mode of transportation. As industrialization allowed for cities to flourish, people could walk to places instead of using a vehicle. The increasing concern to lead a healthy life has also pushed forth the benefits of walking, and it is an exercise that most new mothers are encouraged to do. The stroller, with its secure features and innovative technology, facilitates an activity where mothers can bond with their babies, but still run errands and be responsible adults.
Add Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '16', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9806948304176332}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51401', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7H2GSDRQHJSJFVOAGL2ZVB5CQZMWGK7A', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:10c3286e-8f2e-47ed-8e1a-b449f1e944b2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 15, 7, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.236.76.106', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3P3AGTS7TBQJ7V5M5BJNXZYEBR3XEYXX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c5787344-ac4c-41a2-ac95-7b918556ac12>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bestcarseathub.com/blog/the-arrival-of-the-baby-stroller/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4fea4e21-ceb9-40c4-ac59-d76cff25e4cb>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1569', 'url': 'https://bestcarseathub.com/blog/the-arrival-of-the-baby-stroller/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-179-113-199.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16374313831329346', 'original_id': 'ac84c67b375714463870f107d24484a800e63d8e132bc445f7b00149108344c4'} |
New York Inpatient Drug Rehabs 800-303-2482
The Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York is widely available. Nowadays the help of a rehab center are needed to prevent the increase of alcohol addiction and drug addiction. The Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York provides programs for both alcohol addicts and drug addicts.
The Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York does believe that not only drug addiction is needed to be prevented but also alcohol addiction. They offer different forms of drug and alcohol abuse treatment that fits the style and psychological mindset of the drug or alcohol addict. Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York enrolls the person into a classroom, a program that is made to have a lecture about the situations that they have. This is a good treatment option to use. Basically, the Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York programs are classified into community based program, residential based program or alternative based program with the help of a religious based program that can create a dual diagnosis approach to each drug addicts.
Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York
The most common program that drug addicts choose is the residential based program or inpatient program. This is a good program for those who have severe addiction cases. The Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York have residential specialist like psychologist, therapist, physician, counselor and nurses to sustain the needs of every patient inside the rehab center. It is the most effective option because the specialist inside the rehab has a step by step process to help the patient attain the goal of new life.
From the process of detoxification, the need of physician and assistance of nurses are highly recommendable. They focus on the physical health of the patient and assure to stabilize and monitor the health of the patients away from any complications. The patients commonly enroll in Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York for several months others are for years depending on the state of addiction that they have and the process of cure that they need.
The turmoil environment a huge help to relief the stress of the patients together with the guidance of the psychiatrist and counselor to assist the traumatic stress that a patient may have during the detoxification process. The Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York, also provide treatment facilities also choose to utilize a disciplinary approach which might include group session or individual session together with a counselor, a physical activities, sober living skills and relapse prevention.
When you are looking for an inpatient drug rehab, the Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York is the most recommendable rehab for you seek help. They will provide all the needs that a drug addict is looking for, from the attention up to the medication that they need to attain the lifestyle that they need for a change.
The assurance of a comfortable accommodation during in the rehab center is also prioritizing by the Inpatient Drug Rehab in New York. Addiction is a disease that affects million so people in the world and in order to prevent this disease the help of rehab center is truly needed.
Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9452412724494934}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '29964', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JP3U2BX2SOK526A57Q2UUQ5M4LIHG44I', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ebc2f50e-f2d3-411a-9ca7-31a4b0f0ad1c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 25, 19, 50, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.55.86.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BYT4PRVFPBI3CKOQ2XG4IMCNP4GGE7NT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c4143f5-cc93-43fc-ba1b-e34b0addd144>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://inpatientdrugrehab.com/inpatient-drug-rehab-in-new-york/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7fb5ffbb-7bad-42a5-9780-a17f4f19cfae>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '523', 'url': 'http://inpatientdrugrehab.com/inpatient-drug-rehab-in-new-york/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-85.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018546760082244873', 'original_id': 'e8d00d553dd5e44fc580beb4e487d8021ba2221963db4e5ab73a225d8082b5c7'} |
\section{Generators for Extended Real Sigma-Algebra}
Tags: Sigma-Algebras, Extended Real Numbers
\begin{theorem}
Let $\overline \BB$ be the extended real $\sigma$-algebra.
Then $\overline \BB$ is generated by each of the following collections of extended real intervals:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | n = 1
| o =
| r = \set {\ \closedint a \to: a \in \R}
}}
{{eqn | n = 1'
| o =
| r = \set {\ \closedint a \to: a \in \Q}
}}
{{eqn | n = 2
| o =
| r = \set {\ \hointl b \to: b \in \R}
}}
{{eqn | n = 2'
| o =
| r = \set {\ \hointl b \to: b \in \Q}
}}
{{eqn | n = 3
| o =
| r = \set {\ \hointr \gets c: c \in \R}
}}
{{eqn | n = 3'
| o =
| r = \set {\ \hointr \gets c: c \in \Q}
}}
{{eqn | n = 4
| o =
| r = \set {\ \closedint \gets d: d \in \R}
}}
{{eqn | n = 4'
| o =
| r = \set {\ \closedint \gets d: d \in \Q}
}}
{{end-eqn}}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let us first establish that $(1)$ up to $(4')$ all generate the same $\sigma$-algebra.
Denote $\GG_i$ for the collection at point $(i)$, and $\GG'_i$ for that at $(i')$, where $i = 1, 2, 3, 4$.
Furthermore, write $\Sigma_i$ for $\map \sigma {\GG_i}$ and $\Sigma'_i$ for $\map \sigma {\GG'_i}$.
Here $\sigma$ denotes generated $\sigma$-algebra.
By Generated Sigma-Algebra Preserves Subset, we have the following inclusions:
:$\Sigma'_i \subseteq \Sigma_i$
for $i = 1, 2, 3, 4$.
Since we have the following observations about complements in $\overline \R$ (for arbitrary $a \in \R$):
:$\relcomp {\overline \R} {\closedint a \to} = \hointr \gets a$
:$\relcomp {\overline \R} {\closedint \gets a} = \hointl a \to$
we deduce that:
:$\GG_3 \subseteq \Sigma_1, \GG'_3 \subseteq \Sigma'_1$
:$\GG_2 \subseteq \Sigma_4, \GG'_2 \subseteq \Sigma'_4$
and by definition of generated $\sigma$-algebra:
:$\Sigma_3 \subseteq \Sigma_1, \Sigma'_3 \subseteq \Sigma'_1$
:$\Sigma_2 \subseteq \Sigma_4, \Sigma'_2 \subseteq \Sigma'_4$
By Complement of Complement, the converse inclusions:
:$\Sigma_1 \subseteq \Sigma_3, \Sigma'_1 \subseteq \Sigma'_3$
:$\Sigma_4 \subseteq \Sigma_2, \Sigma'_4 \subseteq \Sigma'_2$
are derived.
Subsequently, remark that, for all $a \in \R$:
:$\closedint a \to = \ds \bigcap_{n \mathop \in \N} \hointl {a - \frac 1 n} \to$
{{MissingLinks|I know, but please find the justification yourself}}
and by Sigma-Algebra Closed under Countable Intersection, it follows that:
:$\GG_1 \subseteq \Sigma_2, \GG'_1, \subseteq \Sigma'_2$
whence by definition of generated $\sigma$-algebra:
:$\Sigma_1 \subseteq \Sigma_2, \Sigma'_1 \subseteq \Sigma'_2$
For the converse inclusion, remark that:
:$\hointl a \to = \ds \bigcup_{n \mathop \in \N} \closedint {a + \frac 1 n} \to$
{{MissingLinks|again, justification}}
and thus immediately establish:
:$\Sigma_2 \subseteq \Sigma_1, \Sigma'_2 \subseteq \Sigma'_1$
To summarize, the above arguments establish:
:$\Sigma'_1 = \Sigma'_2 = \Sigma'_3 = \Sigma'_4 \subseteq \Sigma_4 = \Sigma_3 = \Sigma_2 = \Sigma_1$
Finally, for all $a \in \R$, we have:
:$\hointl a \to = \ds \bigcup_{\substack {q \mathop \in \Q \\ q \mathop > a}} \hointl q \to$
{{explain|via Between two Real Numbers exists Rational Number}}
whence $\Sigma_2 \subseteq \Sigma'_2$, and all eight $\sigma$-algebras are equal; denote them by $\Sigma$ from now on.
It remains to establish that in fact they equal $\overline \BB$.
Since all elements of $\GG_2$ are open sets in the extended real number space, it follows that:
:$\Sigma_2 \subseteq \overline \BB$
By Intervals with Extended Rational Endpoints form Countable Basis for Extended Real Number Space, every open set in the extended real number space is of the form:
:$\ds \bigcup \QQ$
where $\QQ$ is a collection of extended real intervals with extended rational endpoints.
By Set of Intervals with Extended Rational Endpoints is Countable, $\QQ$ is a subset of a countable set.
By Subset of Countably Infinite Set is Countable, $\QQ$ is countable as well.
It follows by $\sigma$-algebra axiom $(3)$ that it suffices to show that:
:$\openint a b \in \Sigma$
:$\hointl a \to \in \Sigma$
:$\hointr \gets b \in \Sigma$
:$\closedint \to \gets \in \Sigma$
for all rational numbers $a, b \in \Q$.
The middle two are in $\Sigma'_2$ and $\Sigma'_4$, respectively, hence in $\Sigma$.
By Sigma-Algebra Closed under Intersection:
:$\openint a b = \hointl a \to \cap \hointr \gets b \in \Sigma$
and by Sigma-Algebra Closed under Union:
:$\closedint \to \gets = \closedint a \to \cup \closedint \gets a \in \Sigma$
Hence $\Sigma = \overline \BB$, as desired.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '0f30d7828f49a12187dc9f57d673175c03e72b2cee84b1f019d1bdadb1092170'} |
324.D: A River Runs Through It, widescreen, stereo, 1993
Since his first directing venture, ominously-entitled ‘Ordinary People,’ Robert Redford has been pitching for an imagined mainstream, middle-American, family-oriented audience of the kind which everyone said had stopped going to the movies. He is producing cinema for people who find the world a little fraying and hope to find in the darkness of the movie-house something mildly uplifting. Redford does not tackle any cutting-edge issues but keeps returning to the question of how America has lost its way, approaching it from a variety of different angles, none of them likely to produce anything so disturbing as a reply.
I can’t pretend to have a detailed knowledge of Redford’s directorial corpus. I doubt if it is meant to be examined closely at all. They might all bear the strapline, “You could do a whole lot worse, admit it!” And so you could. They are not the noisy adolescent fare which chokes the multiplexes; Redford has kept faith with big caps, old cars, sepia photographs and ragtime.
‘A River Runs Through It’ dates from 1993 and is based on a quiet seventies novella about fly-fishing and life which had found a certain market. It was published in several different formats and was attractive to illustrators, a little grass-roots success. Redford is said to have “stalked” the author Norman Maclean for years to obtain the rights*. You often hear of old people being mugged for small change so nothing surprises me there. The end-titles assure us that no fish were harmed during the making of the movie; they don’t mention that Mr Maclean died.
Two well-brought up Christian boys of the lower middle-class undergo a very photogenic combination of stern but loving instruction from their minister-father and the freedom to run wild in the idyllic landscape of twenties Montana. One achieves all his educational goals and looks set to enter the teaching profession and marry a nice white girl. The other follows his inner demons, drinks bootleg liquor, dates a half-breed Native American girl, plays cards and goes to hell in a handcart. There is another character - the nice girl’s dissolute brother. He has lived in Hollywood and proves it by being a liar, a boaster, a lush and what is worse, a damn poor timekeeper. He has LOVE tatooed on his arse but some vices don’t really appear to have entered into his head or even read the word on his welcome mat. Let’s just add cowardice to the list then.
As the brothers, Craig Sheffer and Brad Pitt in peroxide mode, grin at each other with disconcerting intensity for most of the movie. You really feel that if these boys had a sister it would be just two generations to banjo-time.
Essentially the story is a version of Cain and Abel in which Cain destroys himself, despite splendid rôle-models and good advice from everyone. That would make for a shorter Bible but it seems to have provoked an awfully long movie. The Stoics and Zen Budhists have, no doubt, contributed their streams to the peculiar West Coast desert where movies grow but they are essentially undramatic. Audiences really need to be in a state of grace before they go in and calm films tend just to make unquiet minds ever more impatient.
*Richard Gere wants my gerbil story but I’m treating him mean till the project hardens.
322.D: M. Gorris: Mrs Dalloway, 1997, widescreen, stereo, 93′
Be Afraid
Materialists . . . are concerned not with the spirit but with the body . . . they write of unimportant things . . .they spend immense skill and immense industry making the trivial and the transitory appear the true and the enduring . . . Life is not a series of gig lamps symmetrically arranged; life is a luminous halo, a semi-transparent envelope surrounding us . . . Modern Fiction, Virgina Woolf, 1925
The name of Virginia Woolf sounds cinematic enough but when we look closer, it is mainly an illusion. The Hours, 2002*, took the theme of Mrs Dalloway and expanded it as a trans-continental meditation on suicide. Before that there was Sally Potter’s anaemic and androgenous but art-house pleasing Orlando of 1992. A Dutch version of The Waves - Golven, 1982 - seems to have had little impact even in Holland. That leaves two television adaptations: To the Lighthouse, 1983 and A Room of One’s Own, 1990.
Her name was famously in the title before it showed up among the writing credits. Before we start brooding on the injustices done to women writers, we should reflect that writing for the screen was actually an area in which female participation was common. The historic association of women with melodrama and the relative ease with which the medium could capture the domestic scene ensured a flow of pictures from the dawn of cinema, more or less, which focused on women’s lives and adapted the work of women writers for the screen.
Nor was it just the classics which benefitted: contemporary material was constantly bought up during the thirties and forties and authors such as Daphne du Maurier, Kathleen Winsor, Helen Simpson and most famously Margaret Mitchell were regarded as good providers. It is no coincidence that this group was known essentially for purveying historical material, where adventurous and maybe scandalous heroines could range abroad without rocking the contemporary boat.
Woolf disdained the externality of such fustian stuff. Her art was contemporary, internal, stream-of-consciousness and impressionistic; she followed and to some extent defined the Bloomsbury values which elevated themes such as the cultivation of taste, personality and relationships above all noisy masculine plotting. Now the genteel cinema of hats has turned to her work in the wake of innumerable adaptations of Henry James, E. M. Forster, Edith Wharton and the rest, those unwatched DVDs which friends press on me as some sort of cruel and unusual punishment for being over-polite in company.
Bette Davis and James Mason proved to be afraid of her name in the title and passed on the opportunity to star in Mike Nicholls’ 1966 picture of Edward Albee’s play. If they had signed up, maybe the title would be classed with those other question-mark movies of the sixties which prompted us to be concerned with the fate of Baby Jane or Auntie Roo? When actresses reach a certain age, the honeyed rôles stopped coming; the canny stars kept their engines running on vinegar. The home life of these vitriolic harridans was not exactly the domestic scene as envisaged by Virginia Woolf but the underlying frustrations were not entirely unrelated.
The path not taken, the female lover missed, the risky male turned down on the path towards a settled and outwardly successful life. An emotional ripple caused by a suicide: a case of belated shell-shock. That is the theme of Mrs Dalloway. All of it. More a situation than a plot.
If the novel seems to ache with ennui at the safe options chosen, the film of Mrs Dalloway reeks with the sweat of location-finders, set-painters, warbrobe mistresses and vintage car suppliers. It dashes around the cinematic highstreet and brings home the goods in bags marked Laura Ashley. Instead of questioning the material world, it celebrates it. I think Ms Woolf would have regarded it as unspeakably vulgar, exposing her world in its full material horror. To be hoist by your own teaspoons so thoroughly is bitterly funny, not that people who enjoy films like this enjoy jokes at all.
It’s not that the job can’t be done. We have one perfect example of it in English cinema: Brief Encounter. The story of a path not taken, the ache of an affair that drains the blood out of the comfortable life. The foolish chattering friends, the awfulness of a dull loving husband and a needy child. It’s ironic that such a story should mark the highpoint of David Lean’s career before he took those fatal steps which lead towards the stultifying opulence of Zhivago. In my odd sympathetic moments, I picture him there, looking down on all those freshly-painted railings, the Mrs Dalloway of cinema. We must laugh and press on though.
* I haven’t seen The Hours, which was written by David Hare but I recall Wetherby, a 1985 picture, written and directed by him. There, Vanessa Redgrave was disturbed by a suicidal stranger after a dinner party.
Watching movies shouldn’t just be about fun. From time to time we like to hang out with our girlfriends and challenge all our man-prejudices by bunging in a chick-flick.
Q: When do we start?
A: Who the hell are you?
Q: Your inquisitor and I’ll ask the questions.
A: OK.
Q: Are you sure you want to go through with this?
A: Do I have to eat all these chocolates and drink this terrible Lambrusco?
Q: Choice of anaesthetic is up to you. You paid real money for this?
A: One pound fifty from ASDA. The DVD was tenpence from the Blind Home Charity Shop.
Q: Better than buying the Mail on Sunday, I suppose. So where are all these girlfriends then?
A: Did my mother send you?
Q: Shall we blow them up now?
A: That sheep was sent in error. Now hush, the picture’s starting!
Fannie Flagg Night
Q: What is the name of this picture?
A: Fried Green Tomatoes was its name at birth. Someone in the UK added At the Whistle-Stop Café.
Q: But that’s a really bad title. Were people expected to say all that at the multiplex?
A: I think they were intended to skip up to the box-office singing it but they probably lost their nerve and blurted out Jaws IV instead.
Q: Yes, why does the artwork show all these women displaying their dentures?
A: Alimentary, my dear inquisitor.
Q: Doesn’t that cover also show Norman Bates’s Mother?
A: No. That is to confuse two Hitchcock moms. The grey-haired one is Jessica Tandy. She was the possessive matriarch in The Birds. The Bates on the cast-list is Kathy Bates, she’s probably a relative of Norman.
Q: Oh, her! Does she hack off any feet?
A: She has a few axe scenes. I don’t want to spoil things.
Q: So that Café is not a good place to eat?
A: Real neighbourly home-style barbecue stylee.
Q: We are talking about the Deep South then?
A: I guess. What’s the Northern limit of the KKK?
Q: I’m asking the questions!
A: Sorry. Well?
Q: These other people of the female persuasion, are they good women?
A: It depends what you look for in a woman. I’d say if you expect to see a part of yourself in them, they’d be a waste of good liquor.
Q: Are you hinting this should be one of those films with fishy titles?
A: Not really. I can see why they left it pretty vegetarian in that department.
Q: Are there any men in the movie?
A: A few. Present day man is married to Ms. Bates. He’s a fat oaf who just lives to watch the ball-games on tv. Depression Man is also an oaf but he goes out with his mates more. Sadly in a white sheet and hood. But I’ll say this for them: it’s the only time I’ve seen the Klan ride out to adopt a baby.
Q: Not that nice Tom Sellick in a hood?
A: We’ll have to wait for the sequel: Three Klansmen & A Baybee.
Q: Are the black folks a credit to their race?
A: Rather! They perform with looks of pained dignity throughout, as if to say, “We didn’t write this crock, people, but we’ve got to eat!”
Q: Are there any points to take into consideration?
A: There’s a sweet but very dumb laddie who manages to get his foot caught in a set of points.
Q: Did that teach the men-folk any lessons?
A: Men are all slow learners in that county.
Q: Did you learn anything useful from this two-hour feast of fun?
A: That you can take your own Bible to court to swear on in Alabama. Maybe.
Q: Anything else?
A: Never to race Ms Bates to a parking space. Never to leap from a moving train after lobbing canned goods at the destitute. Never to come between two women in a food-fight. That Fried Green Tomatoes actually seem to be fritters of some kind. That sticking your hand in a cleft can be sweet and sticky. Don’t go into a care home in the US, or they’ll demolish your house. That the first step to raising consciousness is to take a good look at your quim in a mirror.
Q: Fannie Flagg?
A: About eighteen minutes in. I’m assuming you mean the American kind.
Q: Are you picking a fight with all those posters on the imdb who rate this ten out of ten?
A: I don’t punch women.
Q: But it made you want to, didn’t it?
A: No comment.
Q: Are we done with the chick-flicks now?
A: No, Mrs Dalloway is coming. Try to look busy.
Friday, 19th January
From time to time, when I was a boy, it would be said within my hearing that Mrs So-and-So had been to see Doctor Zhivago. As when someone had been to Lourdes, you felt it wasn’t appropriate to ask whether they had enjoyed it. Nor did you usually hear tell of anyone who had gone to see Doctor Zhivago more than once. To my tender ears, the name Zhivago held a certain unpleasant threat which wasn’t to be matched until the works of Harold Shipman became generally known.
Zhivago was a super-production of 1965, garlanded with three Oscars, despite competing with The Sound of Music, which suggests its brow was trailing dangerously close to the ground. None of the principle actors was even nominated for an award - so it was thought to be a jolly good thing, in general but without the sort of particulars which anyone in the Academy really wished to encourage. I was nine and had an early musical task entrusted to me: extracting the top line of Lara’s Theme for the school recorders to play. It’s one of those tunes that is pretty once but, heard daily in rehearsal, it was about as endearing as school disinfectant. Some notes were impossible on recorders so they were modified by the music master. Having heard the whole score tonight for the first time, I think I may have been over-critical about that three-minute school version.
Let’s not forget that the Bolshevik Revolution was also, no doubt, a horrible thing, impossible to sit through. David Lean took his revenge by directing this cinematic counter-revolution in which a moral victory could be snatched out of the ruins. It would be a monument to the middle-class, middle-brow, and middle-aged. It would celebrate poetry in terms which even the English could understand: a pot of ink, an icy desk and a flock of golden daffodils. Tactfully, it would avoid quoting a single line of the poet’s verses. This, after all is poetry as commodity, flourished like a passport and likely to inspire respect even in one’s sworn enemies. On its own, it won’t impress the groundlings much, so our poet must also be a doctor, glimpsed at regular intervals tying a splint around a broken limb or closing the eyes of a corpse. The doctor as bourgeois individualist has more fun in Altman’s MASH. Come to think of it, Gary Cooper had more fun in A Farewell to Arms. Zhivago must be seen doctoring as much as possible and Lara must dash away with her smoothing iron; you see, these are not decadent bourgeois, but the real workers in a country where the workers did nothing but whinge, protest and act nasty.
This is a film in which about half a dozen characters count and the tides of extras are part of the scenery. Hostile scenery, for much of the time. You can tell it’s an epic from the scene where Zhivago is caught stealing wood on the same day as the Bolsheviks ransack the last room left in the house. A wisp of a scene that should have been handled with irony and intimacy. Instead, the screen fills with grey hordes and the moral lesson is read at great length by Alec Guinness, playing a half-brother whose rôle in the drama is disturbingly surplus. He opens and closes the thing, to be sure, but he feels like an expensive luxury, one that was ordered and needs to be used, even if only as a door-stop.
Julie Christie is pretty but in a sixties way. When Rita Tushingham makes an appearance, it seems a pity that we couldn’t also have had Dora Bryan show up as a Babushka in a shawl to claim her and drag her back to Salford. Omar Sharif is handsome but can do nothing to remedy the emptiness of his part. Rod Steiger has too many lines, in contrast, but his playing is as near human the temperature gets in this waxwork world.
Old VHS copies are not a bad way to catch up on films you feel a duty to view once. This was in OAR & goodish stereo. Yes I know they were meant to be seen in a deluxe theatre in 70mm but this sort of viewing should establish if the picture has anything but spectacle to offer. I endured Lawrence of Arabia last February. I’ll see if I can get a note to excuse me from Ryan’s Daughter.
Sunday, 10th December, pm
163.V: I. Svabo: Mephisto, 1981, colour, full screen, from BBC2 broadcast, November 1999, 138′00″
I saw Mephisto down in London when it first came out. Even then, I remember feeling that the early dancing scene was anachronistic in style and featured the most unsettling use of leg-warmers since - oh, all those other leg-warmer films. Once over that little hurdle, the film is alluring, though nearly a one-man show. Klaus Maria Brandauer is Hendrik Hofgen, an ambitious actor whose inner emptiness makes him an arch manipulator. Rather too schematically he comes to a late realization that the purity of his art was a delusion and he is an empty husk to be tossed aside by the Nazis, now he has served their cause.
As a story, it is pretty much painting-by-numbers, from a novel by Heinrich Mann, the weaker more despairing brother of Thomas. Brandauer’s performance is showy in the extreme; every thought, every mood, every vanity passes across his countenance, as if to say to the world that it must love his playing with it. The power of this film derives from the fact that the same spell is worked on us and Hendrik’s self-conscious vice steals the show.
The film’s theme corresponds remarkably with that of Il Conformisto, especially notable in its toying with lesbiansim as the icing on a decadent cake. Both films also use dance as a symbol of social corruption, here with a memorable influx of white-faced demons. Though Brandauer plays an exhibitionist, he is mocked by his lover as a man who cannot even drink a glass of beer without turning it into a performance. Trintignant’s poker-face may seem the polar opposite of Brandauer’s flamboyance but they are empty vessels both.
As Hofgen’s dark lady, Karin Boyd gives her part a tigerish wildness and otherness which ultimately proves more touching when her vulnerability in the society is exposed. Otherwise the most powerful impression is made by Rolf Hoppe as a truly terrifiying Nazi General, relishing his sudden power. As if to ensure its success with the critics, Svabo cast English film critic David Robinson in the rôle of an effete English critic. That should not have been too difficult but it is pretty hard on the audience!
The picture won an Academy Award in 1982 as best foreign film. Leg-warmers apart, it is beginning to look like a classic. This was a slightly fuzzy old tape from analogue telly. It would be good to see this from a better source.
Thursday, 7th December, pm
176.V: B. Bertolucci: Il Conformisto, 1970, colour, wide screen, mono, from BBC2 broadcast, January 2001, 107′18″
The Conformist has recently been issued and acclaimed as a DVD. America is seeing the film uncut for the first time but I think it is true to say that Europe has always seen it complete. Despite some misleadingly long running times cited, I think 111 minutes in the cinema and 107 on PAL is as long as it gets.
I had remembered the picture as extremely stylish but had forgotten quite how dazzlingly stylized it is. Memory suggested a perverse and serious drama but on this occasion it felt more like a very black comedy. Trintignant, as the nobody who hopes to become more real by devoting himself to the Fascist cause, sits somewhere between Delon’s Samouraï and the hapless victims of 1984 or Brazil. Storaro’s exploitation of monumental architecture has never been surpassed: it would be a crime to omit the contribution of the cinematography to this picture. Not art concealing art but rather serving to underline and undermine the brittle surfaces of that art deco nightmare.
One odd detail seems to nudge us into an awareness that we are witnessing a comedy: a post-card of Laurel & Hardy is fixed to the window of the Parisian dance-hall. Why Laurel & Hardy, though?
Monday, 20th November, pm into Tuesday, 21st November, am
213.V: K. Russell: The Devils, 1971, colour, widescreen, mono, from Channel Four Digital broadcast, November 2002, 106′42″
Considering how few screen-credits he rang-up for all his years in Hollywood, it is ironic that the name of Aldous Huxley features in those of Ken Russell’s Devils. Huxley’s book was, like Miller’s Crucible, a product of the HUAC years. Yet he was puzzled by some of the reported phenomena, while seeing the affair in the light of politics. Russell spells out the politics in effective, comic-strip style but his delight in the pleasures as well as the torments of the flesh disqualifies him from making the serious criticism of spectacle which the subject demands. The debate about the picture was entirely focussed on sex and violence.While Friedkin went for a bileous green, Russell chose the more neutral shades of Heinz tinned vegetable soup for his vomits. His possessed nuns at least appear to enjoy themselves in this confused spectacle.
Seeing it at the time was something of a rite of passage but not, I think, much of a political education. Grandier is a tiresome hero and the podgy Reed seems unlikely to have inspired many fantasies, unless we take into account the aphrodisiac of his power and station. But he smoulders nicely at the stake. It was only after writing the Devils of Loudon that Huxley took to mescaline but I suspect Russell found his downward path to enlightenment before The Devils.
Taken as a dose of grand guignol, The Devils is generally well-acted and impressively staged; the city imagined as a vast tiled toilet is probably Derek Jarman’s most impressive contribution to screen history and lurking somewhere behind the design must be some residual film-school memory of Dreyer’s Saint Joan. Though the Horrible History vein was soon to be stamped with the name of Monty Python, Russell’s vision of lime-pits, book-burnings and the destruction of art seems drawn from the mid twentieth century. I still wonder what might have been if the French forces at the start of the picture had ever actually reached Bamburgh Castle!
Monday, 20th November, am
140.V: H. Burton/G. Vick: Verdi’s Falstaff, colour, full screen, stereo, from BBC2 broadcast, December 1999, 143′30″ (124′52″ music)
Musically fine and cast from strength, this was an ugly production which becomes progressively more inadequate with each scene. The white costumes of the masqueraders in the final scene were well got-up but rendered feeble in the deadly context of a living tree concept. It was the first proper production of the reopened Covent Garden. The terrible reopening event had better be forgotten. Verdi’s last opera is too dry for some tastes, lacking, like Gianni Schicchi, many expansive lyrical moments. It needs a rich, ripe and humanizing production to add richness to the sparkle. Those qualities were lacking here, though the Fenton, Nanetta and Mistress Quickly were least hampered by the business or their costumes. In the title rôle, Bryn Terfel triumphed over his prosthetic impediments and Haitink’s pacing was sympathetic to the singers. The orchestra played splendidly throughout. In fact the quality of the music-making was on a very high level and the tape is one worth preserving; to be honest, a sound-tape might have been a better idea.
Wednesday, 22nd November, am
Wednesday, 22nd November, pm
289.V: A. Cooke: King Lear, 1982, colour, full screen, mono, 182′11″
Recorded on a tight budget in December 1982, this American video staging moves swiftly but suffers from some jarring accents. The actors do not project the poetry and the microphone picks up more consonants than vowels. When the Caedmon company set out to record the plays of Shakespeare on LP, around the celebrations of 1964, they cast from strength and used English thesps. It is difficult to raise much enthusiasm for this home-grown video Lear, though David Groh as the wicked Edmund stood out for investing his performance with real presence. This was otherwise a stolid show which suffered from being done by the book.
Putting the Fool in white-face and traditional costume subtracts much of his force. The madness of Edgar is always problematic but it was too histrionic here, showing up the woolly and generalized fury of Mike Kellen’s off-the-peg Lear. The blinding of Gloster was handled with such discretion that it might just as well have happened off-stage. His imagined suicide can be a magical play-within-a-play but it was unimaginitively handled here. Throughout the sound and visuals were only of a semi-professional order, while the video-duplication had also been cheaply managed.
At this point I should add that this tape, distributed in the UK by a firm called Quantum Leap, was picked up in a bargain emporium for a pound. I doubt if its quite the sort of thing which would find itself in the basket of a casual pound-store customer; if it did, I doubt if it would do much good missionary work on behalf of the Bard. The Antony & Cleopatra in the same series, featured Lynn Redgrave and Timothy Dalton and was rather a better show in this bargain line.
Next Page » | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '357', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.967327117919922}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '43994', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5DQKX7QRJQWDHCH6Z2IKCSKBQKK5XIJM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0e5bef0f-4598-47b1-a212-0789b2740d4e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 23, 3, 44, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '188.65.114.122', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EGQR2XWVHP5O2OD5EZU2C7EFNIESSLY2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b01d1975-d930-4529-92da-253e7ae8bfc0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://filmjournal.net/jameswhitehead/category/viewing/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5aba68eb-f337-4ca4-96ee-510db16f8ffe>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '4697', 'url': 'http://filmjournal.net/jameswhitehead/category/viewing/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-52\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for December 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.026624023914337158', 'original_id': 'd31c0a93eac729a55fe19019ce5032bad201d215ee3e95023b7af352ac47c8cc'} |
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS ATTORNEYS FOR AMICUS CURIAE
George M. Plews THE INSURANCE INSTITUTE OF INDIANA, INC.
Sean M. Hirschten John C. Trimble
Plews Shadley Racher & Braun LLP Richard K. Schoultz
Indianapolis, Indiana Lewis Wagner, LLP
Indianapolis, Indiana
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Jun 10 2014, 1:15 pm
Freedom D. Villa
Mark R. Smith
Smith Fisher Maas & Howard, P.C.
Indianapolis, Indiana
______________________________________________________________________________
In the
Indiana Supreme Court
_______________________________
No. 49S02-1311-PL-733
SHANNON ROBINSON AND
BRYAN ROBINSON, Appellants (Plaintiffs),
v.
ERIE INSURANCE EXCHANGE, Appellee (Defendant).
_________________________________
Appeal from the Marion Superior Court, No. 49D06-1107-PL-26871
The Honorable Thomas J. Carroll, Judge
_________________________________
On Transfer from the Indiana Court of Appeals, No. 49A02-1211-PL-908
_________________________________
June 10, 2014
Dickson, Chief Justice.
This appeal challenges a grant of summary judgment in favor of an insurance company
on the issue of whether its automobile policy provided uninsured motorists coverage for automo-
bile property damage caused by a hit-and-run driver where no personal injury resulted. We af-
firm.
Plaintiffs Shannon Robinson and Bryan Robinson seek coverage for property damage
under the uninsured motorists coverage of an automobile insurance policy issued by defendant
Erie Insurance Exchange, arising from an accident where the Robinsons' insured vehicle was
struck by a Jeep operated by a hit-and-run driver. Erie denied the Robinsons' claim, and the
Robinsons brought this action. In response to the Robinsons' motion for summary judgment on
the coverage issue, Erie requested summary judgment in its favor. Following written briefs and
oral arguments from the parties, the trial court entered summary judgment for Erie.
The Robinsons appealed, urging that Gillespie v. GEICO Gen. Ins. Co., 850 N.E.2d 913
(Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. not sought, mandates that the Erie policy provide coverage for prop-
erty damage sustained by their vehicle in the hit-and-run accident. The Court of Appeals agreed
and reversed summary judgment for Erie, concluding that the Robinsons' motion should have
been granted. Robinson v. Erie Ins. Exch., 991 N.E.2d 961 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). We granted
transfer.
The relevant facts are not in dispute. Erie Insurance Exchange issued a family auto in-
surance policy to Shannon Robinson. The policy listed her son Bryan Robinson's 1998 Nissan
Altima as a covered auto with Bryan as its principal driver. On March 27, 2011, Bryan was driv-
ing this Nissan without any passengers, when a Jeep ran a red light, struck his car, and left the
scene. The identity of the driver and owner of the Jeep are unknown. Bryan suffered no person-
al injuries, but the accident totaled his car. In response to the Robinsons' claim for damages to
Bryan's Nissan, Erie denied coverage. Because the pertinent facts are undisputed and this case
only involves the interpretation of insurance policy contract language, it represents a question of
law and we review it de novo. See State Auto. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Flexdar, Inc., 964 N.E.2d 845,
848 (Ind. 2012).
The Erie "Family Auto Policy" in effect on the date of the accident provided coverage for
both bodily injury and property damage liability, medical payments, and uninsured/underinsured
motorists coverage. It did not provide collision or comprehensive coverage to the insured auto-
mobile. Under its uninsured/underinsured motorists coverage, the Erie policy promised to "pay
2
damages for bodily injury and property damage that the law entitles 'anyone we protect' or the
legal representative of 'anyone we protect' to recover from the owner or operator of an
'uninsured motor vehicle' or 'underinsured motor vehicle.'" Appellant's App'x at 21 (quoted
terms in bold are expressly defined in the policy). The term "uninsured motor vehicle" is defined
by the policy as follows:
"Uninsured motor vehicle" means:
1. a "motor vehicle" for which there is no liability bond or insurance at the time of
the accident in the amounts required by the financial responsibility law where the
"auto we insure" is principally garaged;
2. a "motor vehicle" for which the insuring company denies coverage or is or be-
comes insolvent; or
3. a hit-and-run "motor vehicle." The vehicle must cause bodily injury to "you" by
hitting "you," an "auto we insure" or a vehicle "you" are "occupying." The
identity of the driver and owner of the hit-and-run vehicle must be unknown. . . .
Id. at 20 (italics added). Among the policy exclusions from coverage is: "4. property damage, if
the owner or operator of the other 'motor vehicle' cannot be identified." Id. at 21.
The parties dispute whether the hit-and-run Jeep satisfies one of the three alternative
meanings set forth in the policy's definition of "uninsured motor vehicle." Asserting that Gilles-
pie is controlling, the Robinsons contend (a) that coverage for the damage to their Nissan is pro-
vided under the first meaning (a vehicle without adequate liability coverage), and (b) that Erie
failed to prove the owner or operator "cannot be identified" as required by Exclusion 4. Erie re-
sponds that Gillespie is distinguishable, that the first meaning is not relevant, and that under the
third meaning a hit-and-run vehicle whose driver and owner are unknown would have qualified
as an "uninsured motor vehicle," but only if the collision had resulted in bodily injury to Bryan
Robinson, who was not injured.
In Gillespie, the Court of Appeals stated the issue as "whether [the plaintiff] sufficiently
'identified' the owner or operator of the vehicle that caused an accident and left the scene such
that it qualified as an 'uninsured auto' under the GEICO Insurance Policy." 850 N.E.2d at 914.
Without particular analysis, the court declared that this vehicle satisfied the policy's general defi-
3
nition of "uninsured auto" because there was "no bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy
applicable with liability limits complying with [Indiana's] financial responsibility law." Id. at
918. The policy further defined the term "uninsured auto" as not applying to "a vehicle whose
owner or operator cannot be identified." Id. Concluding that the term "identified" was ambigu-
ous, the court found that a generic identification ("white Honda driven by a Caucasian female")
was sufficient to identify the driver of the Honda and thus to satisfy the identification require-
ment. Id. at 917–18.
The language of the GEICO insurance policy in Gillespie, however, is significantly dif-
ferent from the Erie policy language at issue in the present case. Both policies provide uninsured
motorists coverage, and condition such coverage on the satisfaction of a definition of "uninsured
auto" or "uninsured motor vehicle." In the GEICO policy, "uninsured auto" includes two alterna-
tives: (1) a vehicle "which has no bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy applicable with
liability limits complying with the financial responsibility law" and (2) "an auto whose insurer is
or becomes insolvent or denies coverage." Id. at 915. GEICO's policy further declared that "un-
insured auto" does not include "a vehicle whose owner or operator cannot be identified." Id. In
contrast, the Erie policy defines "uninsured motor vehicle" with language that somewhat approx-
imates the two alternatives listed in the GEICO policy, but then also includes a third alternative
that explicitly includes a hit-and-run vehicle whose driver and owner are unknown—provided
that bodily injury results to the Erie insured.
The two policies contain important language differences relevant to the Robinsons' argu-
ment in this case. In defining "uninsured auto," the GEICO policy specified that it "is a motor
vehicle which has no bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy applicable with liability
limits complying with the financial responsibility law." Id. at 915 (emphasis added). But the
Erie policy omits the requirement of applicability and, in its first alternative meaning of "unin-
sured motor vehicle," merely lists "a 'motor vehicle' for which there is no liability bond or insur-
ance at the time of the accident in the amounts required by the financial responsibility law . . . ."
Appellant's App'x at 20. This distinction is relevant because, under the GEICO language, where
the other vehicle is a hit-and-run vehicle whose driver or owner cannot be identified, any liability
insurance for such vehicle would arguably not be applicable because of the impossibility of iden-
4
tifying the vehicle's liability insurance company to make a claim. Such definition invites con-
struing this meaning of "uninsured auto" under the GEICO policy to apply to hit-and-run vehi-
cles, as done by the Court of Appeals in Gillespie. But the counterpart phrase in the Erie policy
is not predicated on applicability but rather simply the existence of insurance. Thus for a vehicle
to be an "uninsured motor vehicle" under this provision of the Erie policy, such vehicle must
simply have no liability coverage—without regard to whether such insurance exists but is not
applicable. This definition clearly extends uninsured motorists coverage when an accident is
caused by a vehicle with insufficient liability insurance, particularly in light of the third Erie def-
inition of "uninsured motor vehicle," which expressly includes hit-and-run vehicles where the
driver and owner are unknown (and bodily injury results to the insured). The two policies also
significantly differ regarding the clause found ambiguous in Gillespie. GEICO defined the term
"uninsured auto" so that it did not include "a vehicle whose owner or operator cannot be identi-
fied." Gillespie, 850 N.E.2d at 915. In contrast, Erie's policy defines "uninsured motor vehicle"
to cover a hit-and-run vehicle and does not turn on whether the owner or operator of a hit-and-
run vehicle cannot be identified, but rather affirmatively requires that "[t]he identity of the driver
and owner of the hit-and-run vehicle must be unknown." Appellant's App'x at 20 (emphases
added). Whether an "owner or operator cannot be identified" is different from whether "the iden-
tity of the driver and owner . . . must be unknown." In Gillespie, the court focused on the word
"identified" and found it to be "an ambiguous term in this context." 850 N.E.2d at 918. The
phrase "identity . . . must be unknown" in the Erie policy, however, does not suffer from this in-
firmity. The identity qualification in the Erie policy is clear and unambiguous.
When the language of an insurance policy is ambiguous, courts will resort to rules of
construction to guide them in construing and applying the ambiguous phrase. Bosecker v. West-
field Ins. Co., 724 N.E.2d 241, 243–44 (Ind. 2000). Thus the focus in Gillespie, and in the
Robinsons' argument seeking to equate the present Erie language with that of the GEICO policy
in Gillespie, is on such rules of construction. But resorting to these rules of construction is not
appropriate when the policy language is clear and unambiguous. Beam v. Wasau Ins. Co., 765
N.E.2d 524, 528 (Ind. 2002) (quoting Allstate Ins. Co. v. Boles, 481 N.E.2d 1096, 1101 (Ind.
1985) ("[I]f a contract is clear and unambiguous, the language therein must be given its plain
meaning.")). Because of the significant differences between the GEICO policy language in Gil-
5
lespie and the Erie policy language in the present case, we reject the Robinsons' assertion that
Gillespie controls and requires the grant of their motion for summary judgment.
We note, however, that Exclusion 4 of the Erie policy precludes coverage for property
damage "if the owner or operator of the other 'motor vehicle' cannot be identified"—language
found ambiguous in Gillespie. Appellant's App'x at 21 (italics added). This exclusion, however,
has not been asserted by Erie as the basis for its denial of coverage. Furthermore, for an exclu-
sion to apply, the policy's insuring agreement must initially provide coverage from which there is
something to exclude. The insuring agreement in the Erie policy would have provided uninsured
motorists coverage in relation to the hit-and-run Jeep whose driver and owner were unknown,
but for the requirement that bodily injury result. Under the facts of this case, where there was no
resulting bodily injury, the Erie policy did not provide any uninsured motorists coverage relative
to the hit-and-run Jeep that struck the Robinsons' vehicle. Because the Erie insuring agreement
provides no uninsured motorists coverage here, there was no coverage subject to any exclusions,
and the construction and application of Exclusion 4 is irrelevant.
Under the undisputed facts of the present case, neither the first nor the second category
that may constitute an "uninsured motor vehicle" under the Erie policy encompasses the hit-and-
run Jeep that struck the Robinsons' vehicle. In the context of a hit-and-run driver causing an ac-
cident, the availability of uninsured motorists coverage (which depends on whether the other ve-
hicle fits one of the three Erie policy meanings for "uninsured motor vehicle") is solely deter-
mined by the third meaning, which expressly includes a "hit-and-run motor vehicle" whose driv-
er and owner are unknown, but only if the other vehicle causes bodily injury to the insured. The-
se provisions are not ambiguous and do not require the application of rules of construction. Be-
cause personal injury did not result to Bryan Robinson in the accident, the Erie policy does not
provide uninsured motorists coverage with respect to the property damage sustained by the
Robinsons' vehicle. The trial court was correct to grant Erie's motion for summary judgment.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Rucker, David, Massa, Rush, JJ., concur.
6
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd668c72504d6bf39d8d3df650418db6489ef6e5338ea07ab0edbdee32f7fcebe'} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.