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esen
<PAGE> ESEN [416] London, 1930; H. Cordier in La Grande Encyclopédie, 14 (Paris, 1892), 457; SK (1930), 106/5a; C. R. Boxer, “Portuguese Military Expeditions in Aid of the Mings Against the Manchus, 1621-1647,” THM, 7 (August, 1938), 24; Alvaro Semedo, The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China (London, 1...
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aruktal
<PAGE> ARUyTAI [12] 无咎), painter, calligrapher, and poet, and An Kuang-chü 廣居 (T. 無曠), son-in-law of the eminent scholar and official Kao P'an-lung (qv.), memorialized the throne, presenting a plea on behalf of their father's memory. An Hsi-fan was then granted posthumous honors by imperial order as a vice minister of ...
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ayushiridara
<PAGE> [15] AYUŠIRIDARA A-pu-chih-an 阿不只俺 (?Abuji'an), one of Aruyṭai's sons, surrendered to the Ming on October 21, 1434. The court granted him a military title and gave him a house and furnishings in the capital. He died in 1435 without making any remarkable contributions to China, but his son T'o-t'o Po-lo-chi 脱脱孛羅吉...
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dge-dun-rgya-mtsho
<PAGE> dGE-'DUN-RGYA-MTSHO [412] História de Portugal (Lisbon, 1971), I, 754; Artur Basilio de Sa, compiler and annotator, Insulinia, Vol. 2 (1550–62), 178; C. R. Boxer, South China in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1953), Iviii, 44. Albert Chan and L. Carrington Goodrich DAYAN-Qayan, see BATU Möngke dGE-'DUN-GRUB, 139...
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ibrahim
<PAGE> [683] IBRAHIM T'ao and Hsia Yen. Li's own removal from office in 1541 was conceivably due to his friendship with Huo, a relationship which Hsia resented. In his early days Huo seems to have dabbled in painting, which he apparently gave up in later years. There is only one landscape under his name recorded in Wan...
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cheng-ho
<PAGE> CHENG Ho [194] Exactly as Ch'en predicted, rebellion broke out again in Meng-mi in 1605. He knew that the eunuchs were the main source of the unrest and also that it was useless to ask the emperor to order them home. Ch'en withheld his troops until the eunuchs, including Yang Jung, were killed by the rebels. He ...
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chong-tojon
<PAGE> [259] CHÖNG To-Jön H. 東園, cs 1460), at the time surveillance vice-commissioner of schools in Chekiang; Ch'ang Heng 暢亭 (T. 文通, cs 1478), regional investigating censor of Chekiang; Yü Tzu-chün (q.v.), minister of War; Tai Hao 戴豪 (T. 節文, cs 1478), senior secretary of the bureau of Maps 職方清吏司, ministry of War; Chou ...
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chen-lin
<PAGE> [167] CH'EN Lin a secret relationship with his powerful neighbor. The third is a compendium of earlier accounts on the Liu-ch'iu Islands culled from T'ang and early Ming literature (including the Hsing-ch'a sheng-lan of Fei Hsin (q.v.), some of which are no longer extant. Ch'en presents these materials both for ...
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chu-ti-yongle
<PAGE> [355] CHU TI from his fellow Ming imperial clansman, Tao-chi (q.v.), to paint the latter's newly built country place called Ta-ti ts'ao-t'ang. Tao-chi, who had just returned from a stay in Peking, obviously had money received from Manchu noblemen and highly placed patrons, and apparently shared some of it with h...
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hsu-ta
<PAGE> HSÜ Ta [602] at Ch'i-shui, put Hsü Shou-hui to flight, and captured more than four hundred of his officials. The obduracy of the Yüan officials in the face of the rebellion made it impossible for T'ien-wan to meet its need for local governments merely by compelling the officials to change sides. Most of them are...
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chen-hsienchang
<PAGE> [153] CH'EN Hsien-chang even punished some of his most virulent critics, among them the assistant commissioners of the military defense circuit in Wuchang, Feng Ying-ching (see Matteo Ricci), and the two supervising secretaries, Ch'en Wei-ch'un 陳維春 (cs 1592) and Kuo Ju-hsing郭如星 (cs 1589). They were reduced in ra...
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chao-fang
<PAGE> [125] CHAO Fang in youth, he was raised in a Buddhist monastery, but succeeded in acquiring an orthodox classical education, in the course of which he traveled around Chekiang to study under various masters. Among his fellow students at this time was Hsü İ-k'uei (q.v.). Chao's reputation as a master of the Class...
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chien-tai
<PAGE> [239] CH'IEN Tai notes on the Chuang-tzu, Chuang ch'üan 莊詮, 2 ch.; records of officials loyal to Chu Yün-wen (q.v.), Piao chung chi 表忠記, 10 ch.; the Nan Sung shu 南宋書, 60 ch.; the Tz'u-yü-t'ang chi 賜餘堂集, 20 ch. (published 1739); and the Hsün-kuo i-shu 遜國遺書, 7 ch. His unpublished works include random thoughts on t...
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cheng-shanfu
<PAGE> [211] CHENG Shan-fu case. While the Ming court was paralyzed chiefly by this controversy, which polarized most of the able and conscientious officials against the emperor, Nurhaci (ECCP), the Jurchen chief, had been gathering his strength, and rose in rebellion in 1618, defeating the Ming army in 1619. During th...
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chu-tsunli
<PAGE> [371] CHU Ts'un-li fa-ming-che 十二等律的发明者 Chu Tsai-yü in Studies presented to Ts'ai Yuan Pei on His Sixty-fifth Birthday, CYYY, I (Peiping, 1933), 279; Chuang Pen-li 莊本位. Chung-kuo ku-tai chih pa-hisao 中國古代之排篇, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (1963), 59, 98; L. of C. Catalogue of Rare Chinese Books, 55; J. Amiot, "Mémoire...
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cheng-hsiao
<PAGE> CHENG Hsiao [200] 1407" to the "summer" of 1409, could not have taken place during these years. In the first place it seems inconceivable for Cheng Ho to have returned in October, 1407, and started on his second voyage in "late autumn" of that same year. Second, the hostilities between the Chinese and the West K...
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juan-chin
<PAGE> [689] JUAN Ch'in artisan. In July, 1467, this Juan An and over six hundred follow Annamite artisans were reported to have deserted. Juan was later captured, but received the emperor's pardon. He continued to serve as an artisan and became (late in 1484) an assistant chief (fu-shih 副使, 9B), of the artisan bureau ...
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huang-tso
<PAGE> [669] HUANG Tso Bibliography 40/86/7a; 43/11/1b; 86/23/5a; Ch'ien Ch'ien-i (ECCP), Lieh-ch'ao shih-chi 列朝诗集,閏/4/9a; Yang Shen, Sheng-an ch'iau-chi, 8/2b, 9/2a, 14a; Chu Meng-chen 朱孟寰 (cs 1568), Hsü Yü-ssu shih-t'an 積玉笥詩談 (TsSCC ed.), 57; Lu Chin, "Hsin-tu Yang-shih ch'ü-lun," 新都楊氏曲論, Wen-shih tsa-chih 文史雜誌, 3: 5...
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kao-panlung
<PAGE> [703] KAO P'an-lung ings of this sort. In 1604 the rebuilt academy was opened under Ku Hsien-ch'eng's leadership, and for the next two decades it remained one of the focal points of Ming politics and intellectual life. Kao was considered Ku's principal aide at the academy until Ku died in 1612, and then Kao was ...
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ho-liangjun
<PAGE> [515] HO Liang-chün battleground to search for his remains which he took home for burial. When a friend of his was banished to an inhospitable region, he went along to share the hardships. He often traveled from place to place offering assistance to those in distress. On the other hand, he is portrayed by his en...
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